Tp-link TL-SG5426 User Manual

TL-SG5426

26-Port Gigabit Managed Switch

Rev: 1.0.0

1910010105

Specifications are subject to change without notice. trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © 2008 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved.

http://www.tp-link.com

is a registered

FCC STATEMENT

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which

the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help.

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1) This device may not cause harmful interference.

2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that

may cause undesired operation.

Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

CE Mark Warning

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1

Key Features 1-1 Description of Software Features 1-2 System Defaults 1-6

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration 2-1

Connecting to the Switch 2-1

Configuration Options 2-1 Required Connections 2-2 Remote Connections 2-3

Basic Configuration 2-3

Console Connection 2-3 Setting Passwords 2-4 Setting an IP Address 2-4

Manual Configuration 2-4 Dynamic Configuration 2-5

Enabling SNMP Management Access 2-6

Community Strings (for SNMP version 1 and 2c clients) 2-6 Trap Receivers 2-7 Configuring Access for SNMP Version 3 Clients 2-8

Saving Configuration Settings 2-8

Managing System Files 2-9

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch 3-1

Using the Web Interface 3-1 Navigating the Web Browser Interface 3-2

Home Page 3-2 Configuration Options 3-3 Panel Display 3-3 Main Menu 3-4

Basic Configuration 3-10

Displaying System Information 3-10 Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions 3-11 Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities 3-13 Setting the Switch’s IP Address 3-14

Manual Configuration 3-15

Using DHCP/BOOTP 3-16 Enabling Jumbo Frames 3-17 Managing Firmware 3-17

Downloading System Software from a Server 3-18

Contents

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings 3-19

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server 3-20 Console Port Settings 3-21 Telnet Settings 3-23 Configuring Event Logging 3-25

Displaying Log Messages 3-25

System Log Configuration 3-26

Remote Log Configuration 3-27

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 3-28 Renumbering the System 3-30 Resetting the System 3-30 Setting the System Clock 3-31

Configuring SNTP 3-31

Setting the Time Zone 3-32

Simple Network Management Protocol 3-33

Setting Community Access Strings 3-33 Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types 3-34 Enabling SNMP Agent Status 3-35 Configuring SNMPv3 Management Access 3-36

Setting the Local Engine ID 3-36

Specifying a Remote Engine ID 3-37 Configuring SNMPv3 Users 3-37 Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users 3-40 Configuring SNMPv3 Groups 3-41 Setting SNMPv3 Views 3-45

User Authentication 3-46

Configuring User Accounts 3-46 Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication 3-48 Configuring HTTPS 3-52

Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate 3-53 Configuring the Secure Shell 3-54

Configuring the SSH Server 3-56

Generating the Host Key Pair 3-57 Configuring Port Security 3-59 Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication 3-60

Displaying 802.1X Global Settings 3-61

Configuring 802.1X Global Settings 3-62

Configuring Port Settings for 802.1X 3-63

Displaying 802.1X Statistics 3-66

Access Control Lists 3-67

Configuring Access Control Lists 3-67

Setting the ACL Name and Type 3-68

Configuring a Standard IP ACL 3-69

Configuring an Extended IP ACL 3-69

Configuring a MAC ACL 3-72

Contents

Binding a Port to an Access Control List 3-73 Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access 3-74

Port Configuration 3-76

Displaying Connection Status 3-76 Configuring Interface Connections 3-78 Creating Trunk Groups 3-80

Statically Configuring a Trunk 3-81 Enabling LACP on Selected Ports 3-82 Configuring LACP Parameters 3-84 Displaying LACP Port Counters 3-86 Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Local Side 3-88

Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Remote Side 3-90 Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds 3-91 Configuring Port Mirroring 3-93 Configuring Rate Limits 3-94

Rate Limit Configuration 3-94 Showing Port Statistics 3-95

Address Table Settings 3-99

Setting Static Addresses 3-99 Displaying the Address Table 3-100 Changing the Aging Time 3-102

Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuration 3-102

Displaying Global Settings 3-105 Configuring Global Settings 3-107 Displaying Interface Settings 3-111 Configuring Interface Settings 3-114 Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees 3-116 Displaying Interface Settings for MSTP 3-118 Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP 3-120

VLAN Configuration 3-122

IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 3-122

Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting) 3-125

Displaying Basic VLAN Information 3-126

Displaying Current VLANs 3-126

Creating VLANs 3-128

Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index) 3-129

Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index) 3-131

Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces 3-132

Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling 3-133

Enabling QinQ Tunneling on the Switch 3-137 Adding an Interface to a QinQ Tunnel 3-138 Configuring Private VLANs 3-141 Enabling Private VLANs 3-141 Configuring Uplink and Downlink Ports 3-142 Protocol VLANs 3-142

iii

Contents

Protocol VLAN Group Configuration 3-142 Configuring Protocol VLAN Interfaces 3-143

Class of Service Configuration 3-144

Layer 2 Queue Settings 3-144

Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces 3-144 Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues 3-145 Enabling CoS 3-147 Selecting the Queue Mode 3-147 Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes 3-148

Layer 3/4 Priority Settings 3-149

Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values 3-149 Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority 3-149 Mapping IP Precedence 3-150 Mapping DSCP Priority 3-152 Mapping IP Port Priority 3-153

Quality of Service 3-154

Configuring Quality of Service Parameters 3-155

Configuring a Class Map 3-155 Creating QoS Policies 3-158 Attaching a Policy Map to Ingress Queues 3-161

Multicast Filtering 3-162

Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query) 3-162

Configuring IGMP Snooping and Query Parameters 3-163 Enabling IGMP Immediate Leave 3-164 Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router 3-165 Specifying Static Interfaces for a Multicast Router 3-166 Displaying Port Members of Multicast Services 3-167 Assigning Ports to Multicast Services 3-168

IGMP Filtering and Throttling 3-169

Enabling IGMP Filtering and Throttling 3-170 Configuring IGMP Filtering and Throttling for Interfaces 3-171

Configuring IGMP Filter Profiles 3-172 Multicast VLAN Registration 3-174 Configuring Global MVR Settings 3-175 Displaying MVR Interface Status 3-176 Displaying Port Members of Multicast Groups 3-178 Configuring MVR Interface Status 3-179 Assigning Static Multicast Groups to Interfaces 3-180

Configuring Domain Name Service 3-181

Configuring General DNS Service Parameters 3-181 Configuring Static DNS Host to Address Entries 3-183 Displaying the DNS Cache 3-185

DHCP Snooping 3-186

DHCP Snooping Configuration 3-187 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configuration 3-188

Contents

DHCP Snooping Information Option Configuration 3-188 DHCP Snooping Port Configuration 3-189 DHCP Snooping Binding Information 3-190

IP Source Guard 3-191

IP Source Guard Port Configuration 3-191 Static IP Source Guard Binding Configuration 3-192 Dynamic IP Source Guard Binding Information 3-193

Switch Clustering 3-194

Cluster Configuration 3-195 Cluster Member Configuration 3-196 Cluster Member Information 3-197 Cluster Candidate Information 3-198

Chapter 4: Command Line Interface 4-1

Using the Command Line Interface 4-1

Accessing the CLI 4-1 Console Connection 4-1 Telnet Connection 4-2

Entering Commands 4-3

Keywords and Arguments 4-3 Minimum Abbreviation 4-3 Command Completion 4-3 Getting Help on Commands 4-3 Showing Commands 4-4 Partial Keyword Lookup 4-5 Negating the Effect of Commands 4-5 Using Command History 4-5 Understanding Command Modes 4-5 Exec Commands 4-6 Configuration Commands 4-7

Command Line Processing 4-8 Command Groups 4-9 Line Commands 4-10

line 4-11

password 4-12

timeout login response 4-13

exec-timeout 4-13

password-thresh 4-14

silent-time 4-15

databits 4-15

parity 4-16

speed 4-17

stopbits 4-17

Contents

disconnect 4-18 show line 4-18

General Commands 4-19

enable 4-19 disable 4-20 configure 4-21 show history 4-21 reload 4-22 end 4-22 exit 4-23 quit 4-23

System Management Commands 4-24

Device Designation Commands 4-24

prompt 4-24 hostname 4-25

User Access Commands 4-25

username 4-25 enable password 4-26

IP Filter Commands 4-27

management 4-27 show management 4-28

Web Server Commands 4-29

ip http port 4-29 ip http server 4-30 ip http secure-server 4-30 ip http secure-port 4-31

Telnet Server Commands 4-32

ip telnet port 4-32 ip telnet server 4-33

Secure Shell Commands 4-33

ip ssh server 4-35 ip ssh timeout 4-36 ip ssh authentication-retries 4-37 ip ssh server-key size 4-37 delete public-key 4-38 ip ssh crypto host-key generate 4-38 ip ssh crypto zeroize 4-39 ip ssh save host-key 4-39 show ip ssh 4-40 show ssh 4-40 show public-key 4-41

Event Logging Commands 4-43

logging on 4-43 logging history 4-44 logging host 4-45

Contents

logging facility 4-45 logging trap 4-46 clear logging 4-46 show logging 4-47 show log 4-48

SMTP Alert Commands 4-49

logging sendmail host 4-49 logging sendmail level 4-50 logging sendmail source-email 4-51 logging sendmail destination-email 4-51 logging sendmail 4-52 show logging sendmail 4-52

Time Commands 4-53

sntp client 4-53 sntp server 4-54 sntp poll 4-55 show sntp 4-55 clock timezone 4-56 calendar set 4-56 show calendar 4-57

System Status Commands 4-57

show startup-config 4-57 show running-config 4-59 show system 4-61 show users 4-61 show version 4-62

Frame Size Commands 4-63

jumbo frame 4-63

Flash/File Commands 4-64

copy 4-64

delete 4-67

dir 4-68

whichboot 4-69

boot system 4-69 Authentication Commands 4-70

Authentication Sequence 4-70

authentication login 4-71 authentication enable 4-72

RADIUS Client 4-73

radius-server host 4-74 radius-server port 4-74 radius-server key 4-75 radius-server retransmit 4-75 radius-server timeout 4-76 show radius-server 4-76

vii

Contents

TACACS+ Client 4-77

tacacs-server host 4-77 tacacs-server port 4-77 tacacs-server key 4-78 show tacacs-server 4-78

Port Security Commands 4-79

port security 4-79

802.1X Port Authentication 4-81 dot1x system-auth-control 4-81 dot1x default 4-82 dot1x max-req 4-82 dot1x port-control 4-82 dot1x operation-mode 4-83 dot1x re-authenticate 4-84 dot1x re-authentication 4-84 dot1x timeout quiet-period 4-84 dot1x timeout re-authperiod 4-85 dot1x timeout tx-period 4-85 show dot1x 4-86

Access Control List Commands 4-89

IP ACLs 4-90

access-list ip 4-90 permit, deny (Standard ACL) 4-91 permit, deny (Extended ACL) 4-91 show ip access-list 4-93 ip access-group 4-93 show ip access-group 4-94

MAC ACLs 4-95

access-list mac 4-95 permit, deny (MAC ACL) 4-96 show mac access-list 4-97 mac access-group 4-98 show mac access-group 4-98

ACL Information 4-99

show access-list 4-99 show access-group 4-99

SNMP Commands 4-100

snmp-server 4-101 show snmp 4-101 snmp-server community 4-102 snmp-server contact 4-103 snmp-server location 4-103 snmp-server host 4-104 snmp-server enable traps 4-106 snmp-server engine-id 4-107

viii

Contents

show snmp engine-id 4-108 snmp-server view 4-109 show snmp view 4-110 snmp-server group 4-110 show snmp group 4-112 snmp-server user 4-113 show snmp user 4-115

Interface Commands 4-116

interface 4-116 description 4-117 speed-duplex 4-117 negotiation 4-118 capabilities 4-119 flowcontrol 4-120 shutdown 4-121 switchport broadcast packet-rate 4-122 clear counters 4-122 show interfaces status 4-123 show interfaces counters 4-124 show interfaces switchport 4-125

Mirror Port Commands 4-127

port monitor 4-127 show port monitor 4-128

Rate Limit Commands 4-129

rate-limit 4-129

Link Aggregation Commands 4-130

channel-group 4-131 lacp 4-132 lacp system-priority 4-133 lacp admin-key (Ethernet Interface) 4-134 lacp admin-key (Port Channel) 4-135 lacp port-priority 4-136 show lacp 4-136

Address Table Commands 4-140

mac-address-table static 4-140 clear mac-address-table dynamic 4-141 show mac-address-table 4-141 mac-address-table aging-time 4-142 show mac-address-table aging-time 4-143

Spanning Tree Commands 4-144

spanning-tree 4-145 spanning-tree mode 4-145 spanning-tree forward-time 4-146 spanning-tree hello-time 4-147 spanning-tree max-age 4-148

Contents

spanning-tree priority 4-148 spanning-tree pathcost method 4-149 spanning-tree transmission-limit 4-150 spanning-tree mst-configuration 4-150 mst vlan 4-151 mst priority 4-151 name 4-152 revision 4-153 max-hops 4-153 spanning-tree spanning-disabled 4-154 spanning-tree cost 4-154 spanning-tree port-priority 4-155 spanning-tree edge-port 4-156 spanning-tree portfast 4-156 spanning-tree link-type 4-157 spanning-tree mst cost 4-158 spanning-tree mst port-priority 4-159 spanning-tree protocol-migration 4-160 show spanning-tree 4-160 show spanning-tree mst configuration 4-162

VLAN Commands 4-163

GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands 4-163

bridge-ext gvrp 4-164 show bridge-ext 4-164 switchport gvrp 4-165 show gvrp configuration 4-165 garp timer 4-166 show garp timer 4-166

Editing VLAN Groups 4-167

vlan database 4-167 vlan 4-168

Configuring VLAN Interfaces 4-169

interface vlan 4-169 switchport mode 4-170 switchport acceptable-frame-types 4-171 switchport ingress-filtering 4-171 switchport native vlan 4-172 switchport allowed vlan 4-173 switchport forbidden vlan 4-174

Displaying VLAN Information 4-175

show vlan 4-175

Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling 4-176

dot1q-tunnel system-tunnel-control 4-176 switchport dot1q-tunnel mode 4-177 switchport dot1q-tunnel tpid 4-178

Contents

Related Commands 4-178 show dot1q-tunnel 4-178

Configuring Private VLANs 4-179

pvlan 4-179 show pvlan 4-180

Configuring Protocol-based VLANs 4-181

protocol-vlan protocol-group (Configuring Groups) 4-181 protocol-vlan protocol-group (Configuring Interfaces) 4-182 show protocol-vlan protocol-group 4-183 show interfaces protocol-vlan protocol-group 4-183

Priority Commands 4-184

Priority Commands (Layer 2) 4-184

queue mode 4-185 switchport priority default 4-185 queue bandwidth 4-186 queue cos-map 4-187 show queue mode 4-188 show queue bandwidth 4-188 show queue cos-map 4-189

Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) 4-189

map ip dscp (Global Configuration) 4-189 map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) 4-190 show map ip dscp 4-191

Quality of Service Commands 4-192

class-map 4-194 match 4-194 policy-map 4-195 class 4-196 set 4-197 police 4-198 service-policy 4-199 show class-map 4-199 show policy-map 4-200

show policy-map interface 4-200 Example 4-201 Multicast Filtering Commands 4-201

IGMP Snooping Commands 4-201

ip igmp snooping 4-202

ip igmp snooping vlan static 4-202

ip igmp snooping version 4-203

ip igmp snooping leave-proxy 4-203

ip igmp snooping immediate-leave 4-204

show ip igmp snooping 4-204

show mac-address-table multicast 4-205

IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) 4-206

Contents

ip igmp snooping querier 4-206 ip igmp snooping query-count 4-206 ip igmp snooping query-interval 4-207 ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time 4-208 ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time 4-208

Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-209

ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter 4-209 show ip igmp snooping mrouter 4-210

IGMP Filtering and Throttling Commands 4-211

ip igmp filter (Global Configuration) 4-211 ip igmp profile 4-212 permit, deny 4-212 range 4-213 ip igmp filter (Interface Configuration) 4-213 ip igmp max-groups 4-214 ip igmp max-groups action 4-215 show ip igmp filter 4-215 show ip igmp profile 4-216 show ip igmp throttle interface 4-216

Multicast VLAN Registration Commands 4-217

mvr (Global Configuration) 4-218 mvr (Interface Configuration) 4-219 show mvr 4-221

IP Interface Commands 4-223

ip address 4-223 ip default-gateway 4-224 ip dhcp restart 4-225 show ip interface 4-225 show ip redirects 4-226 ping 4-226

IP Source Guard Commands 4-227

ip source-guard 4-227 ip source-guard binding 4-229 show ip source-guard 4-230 show ip source-guard binding 4-230

DHCP Snooping Commands 4-231

ip dhcp snooping 4-231 ip dhcp snooping vlan 4-233 ip dhcp snooping trust 4-234 ip dhcp snooping verify mac-address 4-235 ip dhcp snooping information option 4-235 ip dhcp snooping information policy 4-236 show ip dhcp snooping 4-237 show ip dhcp snooping binding 4-237

Switch Cluster Commands 4-237

xii

Contents

cluster 4-238 cluster commander 4-239 cluster ip-pool 4-239 cluster member 4-240 rcommand 4-240 show cluster 4-241 show cluster members 4-241 show cluster candidates 4-242

Appendix A: Software Specifications A-1

Software Features A-1 Management Features A-2 Standards A-2 Management Information Bases A-3

Appendix B: Troubleshooting B-1

Problems Accessing the Management Interface B-1 Using System Logs B-2

Glossary

Index

xiii

Contents

xiv

Tables

Table 1-1 Key Features 1-1 Table 1-2 System Defaults 1-6 Table 3-1 Configuration Options 3-3 Table 3-2 Main Menu 3-4 Table 3-3 Logging Levels 3-26 Table 3-4 Supported Notification Messages 3-42 Table 3-5 HTTPS System Support 3-52 Table 3-6 802.1X Statistics 3-66 Table 3-7 LACP Port Counters 3-86 Table 3-8 LACP Internal Configuration Information 3-88 Table 3-9 LACP Neighbor Configuration Information 3-90 Table 3-10 Port Statistics 3-95 Table 3-11 Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues 3-145 Table 3-12 CoS Priority Levels 3-146 Table 3-13 Mapping IP Precedence 3-150 Table 3-14 Mapping DSCP Priority Values 3-152 Table 4-1 Command Modes 4-6 Table 4-2 Configuration Modes 4-7 Table 4-3 Command Line Processing 4-8 Table 4-4 Command Groups 4-9 Table 4-5 Line Commands 4-10 Table 4-6 General Commands 4-19 Table 4-7 System Management Commands 4-24 Table 4-8 Device Designation Commands 4-24 Table 4-9 User Access Commands 4-25 Table 4-10 Default Login Settings 4-26 Table 4-11 IP Filter Commands 4-27 Table 4-12 Web Server Commands 4-29 Table 4-13 HTTPS System Support 4-31 Table 4-14 Telnet Server Commands 4-32 Table 4-15 SSH Commands 4-33 Table 4-16 show ssh - display description 4-40 Table 4-17 Event Logging Commands 4-43 Table 4-18 Logging Levels 4-44 Table 4-19 show logging flash/ram - display description 4-47 Table 4-20 show logging trap - display description 4-48 Table 4-21 SMTP Alert Commands 4-49 Table 4-22 Time Commands 4-53 Table 4-23 System Status Commands 4-57 Table 4-24 Frame Size Commands 4-63 Table 4-25 Flash/File Commands 4-64 Table 4-26 File Directory Information 4-68

Tables

Table 4-27 Authentication Commands 4-70 Table 4-28 Authentication Sequence 4-70 Table 4-29 RADIUS Client Commands 4-73 Table 4-30 TACACS Commands 4-77 Table 4-31 Port Security Commands 4-79 Table 4-32 802.1X Port Authentication 4-81 Table 4-33 Access Control Lists 4-89 Table 4-34 IP ACLs 4-90 Table 4-35 MAC ACL Commands 4-95 Table 4-36 ACL Information 4-99 Table 4-37 SNMP Commands 4-100 Table 4-38 show snmp engine-id - display description 4-108 Table 4-39 show snmp view - display description 4-110 Table 4-40 show snmp group - display description 4-113 Table 4-41 show snmp user - display description 4-115 Table 4-42 Interface Commands 4-116 Table 4-43 Interfaces Switchport Statistics 4-126 Table 4-44 Mirror Port Commands 4-127 Table 4-45 Rate Limit Commands 4-129 Table 4-46 Link Aggregation Commands 4-130 Table 4-47 show lacp counters - display description 4-137 Table 4-48 show lacp internal - display description 4-138 Table 4-49 show lacp neighbors - display description 4-139 Table 4-50 show lacp sysid - display description 4-139 Table 4-51 Address Table Commands 4-140 Table 4-52 Spanning Tree Commands 4-144 Table 4-53 VLANs 4-163 Table 4-54 GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands 4-163 Table 4-55 Editing VLAN Groups 4-167 Table 4-56 Configuring VLAN Interfaces 4-169 Table 4-57 Show VLAN Commands 4-175 Table 4-58 Command 4-176 Table 4-58 Function 4-176 Table 4-58 Mode 4-176 Table 4-58 Page 4-176 Table 4-59 Private VLAN Commands 4-179 Table 4-60 Protocol-based VLAN Commands 4-181 Table 4-61 Priority Commands 4-184 Table 4-62 Priority Commands (Layer 2) 4-184 Table 4-63 Default CoS Values to Egress Queues 4-187 Table 4-64 Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) 4-189 Table 4-65 IP DSCP to CoS Vales 4-190 Table 4-66 Quality of Service Commands 4-193 Table 4-67 Multicast Filtering Commands 4-201 Table 4-68 IGMP Snooping Commands 4-201

xvi

Tables

Table 4-69 IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) 4-206 Table 4-70 Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-209 Table 4-71 IGMP Filtering and Throttling Commands 4-211 Table 4-72 Multicast VLAN Registration Commands 4-217 Table 4-73 show mvr - display description 4-221 Table 4-74 show mvr interface - display description 4-222 Table 4-75 show mvr members - display description 4-222 Table 4-76 IP Interface Commands 4-223 Table 4-77 IP Source Guard Commands 4-227 Table 4-78 DHCP Snooping Commands 4-231 Table 4-79 Switch Cluster Commands 4-237 Table B-1 Troubleshooting Chart B-1

xvii

Tables

xviii

Figures

Figure 3-1 Home Page 3-2 Figure 3-2 Panel Display 3-3 Figure 3-3 System Information 3-10 Figure 3-4 Switch Information 3-12 Figure 3-5 Bridge Extension Configuration 3-13 Figure 3-6 Manual IP Configuration 3-15 Figure 3-7 DHCP IP Configuration 3-16 Figure 3-8 Bridge Extension Configuration 3-17 Figure 3-9 Copy Firmware 3-18 Figure 3-10 Setting the Startup Code 3-18 Figure 3-11 Deleting Files 3-19 Figure 3-12 Downloading Configuration Settings for Startup 3-20 Figure 3-13 Setting the Startup Configuration Settings 3-21 Figure 3-14 Console Port Settings 3-22 Figure 3-15 Enabling Telnet 3-24 Figure 3-16 Displaying Logs 3-25 Figure 3-17 System Logs 3-27 Figure 3-18 Remote Logs 3-28 Figure 3-19 Enabling and Configuring SMTP 3-29 Figure 3-20 Renumbering the System 3-30 Figure 3-21 Resetting the System 3-30 Figure 3-22 SNTP Configuration 3-31 Figure 3-23 Setting the System Clock 3-32 Figure 3-24 Configuring SNMP Community Strings 3-34 Figure 3-25 Configuring IP Trap Managers 3-35 Figure 3-26 Enabling SNMP Agent Status 3-35 Figure 3-27 Setting an Engine ID 3-36 Figure 3-28 Setting a Remote Engine ID 3-37 Figure 3-29 Configuring SNMPv3 Users 3-39 Figure 3-30 Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users 3-40 Figure 3-31 Configuring SNMPv3 Groups 3-44 Figure 3-32 Configuring SNMPv3 Views 3-45 Figure 3-33 Access Levels 3-47 Figure 3-34 Authentication Settings 3-50 Figure 3-35 HTTPS Settings 3-52 Figure 3-36 SSH Server Settings 3-56 Figure 3-37 SSH Host-Key Settings 3-58 Figure 3-38 Configuring Port Security 3-60 Figure 3-39 802.1X Global Information 3-62 Figure 3-40 802.1X Global Configuration 3-62 Figure 3-41 802.1X Port Configuration 3-64 Figure 3-42 Displaying 802.1X Port Statistics 3-66

xix

Figures

Figure 3-43 Selecting ACL Type 3-68 Figure 3-44 Configuring Standard IP ACLs 3-69 Figure 3-45 Configuring Extended IP ACLs 3-71 Figure 3-46 Configuring MAC ACLs 3-73 Figure 3-47 Configuring ACL Port Binding 3-74 Figure 3-48 Creating an IP Filter List 3-75 Figure 3-49 Displaying Port/Trunk Information 3-77 Figure 3-50 Port/Trunk Configuration 3-79 Figure 3-51 Configuring Static Trunks 3-81 Figure 3-52 LACP Trunk Configuration 3-83 Figure 3-53 LACP Port Configuration 3-85 Figure 3-54 LACP - Port Counters Information 3-87 Figure 3-55 LACP - Port Internal Information 3-89 Figure 3-56 LACP - Port Neighbors Information 3-90 Figure 3-57 Port Broadcast Control 3-92 Figure 3-58 Mirror Port Configuration 3-93 Figure 3-59 Input Rate Limit Port Configuration 3-94 Figure 3-60 Port Statistics 3-98 Figure 3-61 Configuring a Static Address Table 3-100 Figure 3-62 Configuring a Dynamic Address Table 3-101 Figure 3-63 Setting the Address Aging Time 3-102 Figure 3-64 Displaying Spanning Tree Information 3-106 Figure 3-65 Configuring Spanning Tree 3-110 Figure 3-66 Displaying Spanning Tree Port Information 3-113 Figure 3-67 Configuring Spanning Tree per Port 3-115 Figure 3-68 Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees 3-117 Figure 3-69 Displaying MSTP Interface Settings 3-119 Figure 3-70 Displaying MSTP Interface Settings 3-122 Figure 3-71 Globally Enabling GVRP 3-125 Figure 3-72 Displaying Basic VLAN Information 3-126 Figure 3-73 Displaying Current VLANs 3-127 Figure 3-74 Configuring a VLAN Static List 3-129 Figure 3-75 Configuring a VLAN Static Table 3-130 Figure 3-76 VLAN Static Membership by Port 3-131 Figure 3-77 Configuring VLANs per Port 3-133 Figure 3-78 802.1Q Tunnel Status 3-137 Figure 3-79 Tunnel Port Configuration 3-139 Figure 3-80 Private VLAN Status 3-141 Figure 3-81 Private VLAN Link Status 3-142 Figure 3-82 Protocol VLAN Configuration 3-143 Figure 3-83 Protocol VLAN Port Configuration 3-143 Figure 3-84 Port Priority Configuration 3-145 Figure 3-85 Traffic Classes 3-146 Figure 3-86 Enable Traffic Classes 3-147 Figure 3-87 Queue Mode 3-148

Figures

Figure 3-88 Configuring Queue Scheduling 3-148 Figure 3-89 IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status 3-150 Figure 3-90 Mapping IP Precedence Priority Values 3-151 Figure 3-91 Mapping IP DSCP Priority Values 3-152 Figure 3-92 IP Port Priority Status 3-153 Figure 3-93 IP Port Priority 3-154 Figure 3-94 Configuring Class Maps 3-157 Figure 3-95 Configuring Policy Maps 3-160 Figure 3-96 Service Policy Settings 3-161 Figure 3-97 IGMP Configuration 3-164 Figure 3-98 IGMP Immediate Leave 3-165 Figure 3-99 Displaying Multicast Router Port Information 3-166 Figure 3-100 Static Multicast Router Port Configuration 3-167 Figure 3-101 IP Multicast Registration Table 3-168 Figure 3-102 IGMP Member Port Table 3-169 Figure 3-103 Enabling IGMP Filtering and Throttling 3-170 Figure 3-104 IGMP Filter and Throttling Port Configuration 3-172 Figure 3-105 IGMP Profile Configuration 3-173 Figure 3-106 MVR Global Configuration 3-176 Figure 3-107 MVR Port Information 3-177 Figure 3-108 MVR Group IP Information 3-178 Figure 3-109 MVR Port Configuration 3-180 Figure 3-110 MVR Group Member Configuration 3-181 Figure 3-111 DNS General Configuration 3-182 Figure 3-112 DNS Static Host Table 3-184 Figure 3-113 DNS Cache 3-185 Figure 3-114 DHCP Snooping Configuration 3-187 Figure 3-115 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configuration 3-188 Figure 3-116 DHCP Snooping Information Option Configuration 3-189 Figure 3-117 DHCP Snooping Port Configuration 3-190 Figure 3-118 DHCP Snooping Binding Information 3-191 Figure 3-119 IP Source Guard Port Configuration 3-192 Figure 3-120 Static IP Source Guard Binding Configuration 3-193 Figure 3-121 Dynamic IP Source Guard Binding Information 3-194 Figure 3-122 Cluster Member Choice 3-195 Figure 3-123 Cluster Configuration 3-196 Figure 3-124 Cluster Member Configuration 3-197 Figure 3-125 Cluster Member Information 3-197 Figure 3-126 Cluster Candidate Information 3-198

xxi

Figures

xxii

Chapter 1: Introduction

This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.

Key Features

Table 1-1 Key Features

Feature Description

Configuration Backup and Restore

Authentication Console, Telnet, web – User name / password, RADIUS, TACACS+

Access Control Lists Supports up to 128 ACLs, 96 MAC rules and 96 rules per system

DHCP Client Supported

DHCP Snooping Supported with Option 82 relay information

Port Configuration Speed, duplex mode and flow control

Rate Limiting Input rate and output limiting per port

Port Mirroring One or more port mirrored to a single analysis port

Port Trunking Supports up to 32 trunks using either static or dynamic trunking (LACP)

Broadcast Storm Control Supported

Static Address Up to 8K MAC addresses in the forwarding table

IEEE 802.1D Bridge Supports dynamic data switching and addresses learning

Store-and-Forward Switching Supported to ensure wire-speed switching while eliminating bad frames

Spanning Tree Algorithm Supports standard STP, and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and

Virtual LANs Up to 256 using IEEE 802.1Q, port-based, protocol-based or private VLANs

Traffic Prioritization Default port priority, traffic class map, queue scheduling, or Differentiated

Qualify of Service Supports Differentiated Services (DiffServ)

Multicast Filtering Supports IGMP snooping and query, as well as Multicast VLAN Registration

Backup to TFTP server

Web – HTTPS Teln e t – SS H SNMP v1/2c - Community strings SNMP version 3 – MD5 or SHA password Port – IEEE 802.1X, MAC address filtering

Multiple Spanning Trees(MSTP)

Services Code Point (DSCP), and TCP/UDP Port

1-1

Introduction

Table 1-1 Key Features

Feature Description

Switch Clustering Supports up to 16 Member switches in a cluster

Description of Software Features

The switch provides a wide range of advanced performance enhancing features. Flow control eliminates the loss of packets due to bottlenecks caused by port saturation. Broadcast storm suppression prevents broadcast traffic storms from engulfing the network. Port-based, private VLANs and protocol-based VLANs, plus support for automatic GVRP VLAN registration provide traffic security and efficient use of network bandwidth. CoS priority queueing ensures the minimum delay for moving real-time multimedia data across the network. While multicast filtering provides support for real-time network applications. Some of the management features are briefly described below.

Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch configuration settings.

Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console port, Telnet or web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+). Port-based authentication is also supported via the IEEE 802.1X protocol. This protocol uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to request user credentials from the 802.1X client, and then verifies the client’s right to access the network via an authentication server.

Other authentication options include HTTPS for secure management access via the web, SSH for secure management access over a Telnet-equivalent connection, IP address filtering for SNMP/web/Telnet management access, and MAC address filtering for port access.

Access Control Lists – ACLs provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, or TCP/UDP port number) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). ACLs can be used to improve performance by blocking unnecessary network traffic or to implement security controls by restricting access to specific network resources or protocols.

Port Configuration – You can manually configure the speed, duplex mode, and flow control used on specific ports, or use auto-negotiation to detect the connection settings used by the attached device. Use the full-duplex mode on ports whenever possible to double the throughput of switch connections. Flow control should also be enabled to control network traffic during periods of congestion and prevent the loss of packets when port buffer thresholds are exceeded. The switch supports flow control based on the IEEE 802.3x standard.

1-2

Description of Software Features

Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic into the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.

Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.

Port Trunking – Ports can be combined into an aggregate connection. Trunks can be manually set up or dynamically configured using IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The additional ports dramatically increase the throughput across any connection, and provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk should fail. The switch supports up to 32 trunks.

Broadcast Storm Control – Broadcast suppression prevents broadcast traffic from overwhelming the network. When enabled on a port, the level of broadcast traffic passing through the port is restricted. If broadcast traffic rises above a pre-defined threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold.

Static Addresses – A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved. When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and will not be written to the address table. Static addresses can be used to provide network security by restricting access for a known host to a specific port.

IEEE 802.1D Bridge – The switch supports IEEE 802.1D transparent bridging. The address table facilitates data switching by learning addresses, and then filtering or forwarding traffic based on this information. The address table supports up to 8K addresses.

Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth.

To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the TL-SG5426 provides 4 Mbits for frame buffering. This buffer can queue packets awaiting transmission on congested networks.

Spanning Tree Algorithm – The switch supports these spanning tree protocols:

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) – This protocol provides loop detection and recovery by allowing two or more redundant connections to be created between a pair of LAN segments. When there are multiple physical paths between segments, this protocol will choose a single path and disable all others to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. This prevents the creation of network loops. However, if the chosen path should fail for any reason, an alternate path will be activated to maintain the connection.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) – This protocol reduces the convergence time for network topology changes to 3 to 5 seconds, compared to 30

1-3

Introduction

seconds or more for the older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. It is intended as a complete replacement for STP, but can still interoperate with switches running the older standard by automatically reconfiguring ports to STP-compliant mode if they detect STP protocol messages from attached devices.

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP, IEEE 802.1s) – This protocol is a direct extension of RSTP. It can provide an independent spanning tree for different VLANs. It simplifies network management, provides for even faster convergence than RSTP by limiting the size of each region, and prevents VLAN members from being segmented from the rest of the group (as sometimes occurs with IEEE 802.1D STP).

Virtual LANs – The switch supports up to 256 VLANs. A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point in the network. The switch supports tagged VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. Members of VLAN groups can be dynamically learned via GVRP, or ports can be manually assigned to a specific set of VLANs. This allows the switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can:

• Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network.

• Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network connection.

• Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN.

• Use private VLANs to restrict traffic to pass only between data ports and the uplink ports, thereby isolating adjacent ports within the same VLAN, and allowing you to limit the total number of VLANs that need to be configured.

• Use protocol VLANs to restrict traffic to specified interfaces based on protocol type.

Traffic Prioritization – This switch prioritizes each packet based on the required level of service, using four priority queues with strict or Weighted Round Robin Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on input from the end-station application. These functions can independent priorities for delay-sensitive data and best-effort data.

This switch also supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to meet application requirements. Traffic can be prioritized based on the DSCP field in the IP frame. When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue.

Quality of Service – Differentiated Services (DiffServ) provides policy-based management mechanisms used for prioritizing network resources to meet the requirements of specific traffic types on a per-hop basis. Each packet is classified upon entry into the network based on access lists, IP Precedence or DSCP values, or VLAN lists. Using access lists allows you select traffic based on Layer 2, Layer 3, or Layer 4 information contained in each packet. Based on network policies, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding.

be used to provide

1-4

Description of Software Features

Multicast Filtering – Specific multicast traffic can be assigned to its own VLAN to ensure that it does not interfere with normal network traffic and to guarantee real-time delivery by setting the required priority level for the designated VLAN. The switch uses IGMP Snooping and Query to manage multicast group registration. It also supports Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) which allows common multicast traffic, such as television channels, to be transmitted across a single network-wide multicast VLAN shared by hosts residing in other standard or private VLAN groups, while preserving security and data isolation for normal traffic.

1-5

Introduction

System Defaults

The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file (page 3-19).

The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.

Table 1-2 System Defaults

Function Parameter Default

Console Port Connection

Authentication Privileged Exec Level Username “admin”, Password “admin”

Web Management HTTP Server Enabled

SNMP SNMP Agent Enabled

Baud Rate 9600

Data bits 8

Stop bits 1

Parity none

Local Console Timeout 0 (disabled)

Normal Exec Level Username “guest”, Password “guest”

Enable Privileged Exec from Normal Exec Level

RADIUS Authentication Disabled

TACACS Authentication Disabled

802.1X Port Authentication Disabled

HTTPS Enabled

SSH Disabled

Port Security Disabled

IP Filtering Disabled

HTTP Port Number 80

HTTP Secure Server Enabled

HTTP Secure Port Number 443

Community Strings “public” (read only), “private” (read/write)

Traps Authentication traps: enabled

SNMP V3 View: default view

Password “super”

Link-up-down events: enabled

Group: public (read only) private (read/write)

1-6

System Defaults

Table 1-2 System Defaults (Continued)

Function Parameter Default

Port Configuration Admin Status Enabled

Auto-negotiation Enabled

Flow Control Disabled

Rate Limiting Input and output limits Disabled

Port Trunking Static Trunks None

LACP (all ports) Disabled

Broadcast Storm Protection

Spanning Tree Algorithm

Address Table Aging Time 300 seconds

Virtual LANs Default VLAN 1

Traffic Prioritization Ingress Port Priority 0

IP Settings IP Address DHCP assigned, otherwise 192.168.1.1

Multicast Filtering IGMP Snooping Snooping: Enabled

Status Enabled (all ports)

Broadcast Limit Rate 500 packets per second

Status Enabled, RSTP

(Defaults: All values based on IEEE 802.1w)

Fast Forwarding (Edge Port) Disabled

PVID 1

Acceptable Frame Type All

Ingress Filtering Enabled

Switchport Mode (Egress Mode) Hybrid: tagged/untagged frames

GVRP (global) Disabled

GVRP (port interface) Disabled

Weighted Round Robin Queue: 0 1 2 3

IP DSCP Priority Disabled

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

DHCP Client: Enabled

BOOTP Disabled

Multicast VLAN Registration Disabled

Weight: 1 2 4 8

Querier: Enabled

1-7

Introduction

Table 1-2 System Defaults (Continued)

Function Parameter Default

System Log Status Enabled

Messages Logged Levels 0-7 (all)

Messages Logged to Flash Levels 0-3

SMTP Email Alerts Event Handler Enabled (but no server defined)

SNTP Clock Synchronization Disabled

DHCP Snooping Status Disabled

IP Source Guard Status Disabled (all ports)

Switch Clustering Status Enabled

Commander Disabled

1-8

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety of management options, including SNMP, RMON (Groups 1, 2, 3, 9) and a web-based interface. A PC may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a command line interface (CLI).

Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To change this

address, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

The switch’s HTTP web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor port connections, and display statistics using a standard web browser such as Netscape version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher. The switch’s web management interface can be accessed from any computer attached to the network.

The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial console port on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network.

The switch’s management agent also supports SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from any system in the network using network management software such as HP OpenView.

The switch’s web interface, CLI configuration program, and SNMP agent allow you to perform the following management functions:

• Set user names and passwords

• Set an IP interface for a management VLAN

• Configure SNMP parameters

• Enable/disable any port

• Set the speed/duplex mode for any port

• Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input rates

• Control port access through IEEE 802.1X security or static address filtering

• Filter packets using Access Control Lists (ACLs)

• Configure up to 256 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

• Enable GVRP automatic VLAN registration

• Configure IGMP multicast filtering

• Upload and download system firmware via TFTP

• Upload and download switch configuration files via TFTP

• Configure Spanning Tree parameters

• Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing

2-1

Initial Configuration

• Configure up to 32 static or LACP trunks

• Enable port mirroring

• Set broadcast storm control on any port

• Display system information and statistics

Required Connections

The switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-modem console cable is provided with the switch.

Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the Installation Guide.

To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps:

1. Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running

terminal emulation software, and tighten the captive retaining screws on the RS-232 connector.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch.

3. Make sure the terminal emulation software is set as follows:

• Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).

• Set the baud rate to 9600 bps.

• Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.

• Set flow control to none.

• Set the emulation mode to VT100.

• When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows keys.

Notes: 1. Refer to “Line Commands” on page 4-10 for a complete description of

For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface” on page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-9.

console configuration options.

2. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be displayed.

2-2

Basic Configuration

Remote Connections

Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.

The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To manually configure this address or enable dynamic address assignment via DHCP or BOOTP, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

Note: This switch supports four concurrent Telnet/SSH sessions.

After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The onboard configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape 6.2 or above), or from a network computer using SNMP network management software.

Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To

access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use SNMP-based network management software.

Basic Configuration

Console Connection

The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level (Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic utilities. To fully configure the switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the Privileged Exec level.

Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at ]the Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform these steps:

1. To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. The “User Access Verification” procedure starts.

2. At the Username prompt, enter “admin.”

3. At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not displayed on the console screen.)

4. The session is opened and the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating you have access at the Privileged Exec level.

2-3

Initial Configuration

Setting Passwords

Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new

passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record them and put them in a safe place.

Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive. To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows:

1. Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to access the Privileged Exec level.

2. Type “configure” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

Note: ‘0’ specifies the password in plain text, ‘7’ specifies the password in encrypted

form.

Username: admin Password:

CLI session with the TL-SG5426 is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit].

Console#configure Console(config)#username guest password 0 [password] Console(config)#username admin password 0 [password] Console(config)#

Setting an IP Address

You must establish IP address information for the stack to obtain management access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways:

Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask. If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the stack’s master unit, you will also need to specify the default gateway router.

Dynamic — The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network.

Manual Configuration

You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that exist on another network segment. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default.

2-4

Basic Configuration

Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following information from your network administrator:

• IP address for the switch

• Default gateway for the network

• Network mask for this network

To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>.

3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>.

4. To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address of the default gateway. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 Console(config)#

Dynamic Configuration

If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. You therefore need to use the “ip dhcp restart” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will be sent periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration information. (BOOTP and DHCP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is saved to the startup-config file (step 6), then the switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on.

To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps:

1. From the Global Configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands:

• To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press <Enter>.

• To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “ip dhcp restart” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press <Enter>.

2-5

Initial Configuration

5. Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings by typing the “show ip interface” command. Press <Enter>.

6. Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart Console#show ip interface IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: User specified. Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Enabling SNMP Management Access

The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications such as HP OpenView. You can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP traps.

When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.

The switch includes an SNMP agent that supports SNMP version 1, 2c, and 3 clients. To provide management access for version 1 or 2c clients, you must specify a community string. The switch provides a default MIB View (i.e., an SNMPv3 construct) for the default “public” community string that provides read access to the entire MIB tree, and a default view for the “private” community string that provides read/write access to the entire MIB tree. However, you may assign new views to version 1 or 2c community strings that suit your specific security requirements (see page 3-45).

Community Strings (for SNMP version 1 and 2c clients)

Community strings are used to control management access to SNMP version 1 and 2c stations, as well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from the switch. You therefore need to assign community strings to specified users, and set the access level.

2-6

Basic Configuration

The default strings are:

• public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects.

• private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects.

To prevent unauthorized access to the switch from SNMP version 1 or 2c clients, it is recommended that you change the default community strings.

To configure a community string, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type

“snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <Enter>. (Note that the default mode is read only.)

2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,”

where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#snmp-server community admin rw 4-102 Console(config)#snmp-server community private Console(config)#

Note: If you do not intend to support access to SNMP version 1 and 2c clients, we

recommend that you delete both of the default community strings. If there are no community strings, then SNMP management access from SNMP v1 and v2c clients is disabled.

Trap Receivers

You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch. To configure a trap receiver, use the “snmp-server host” command. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type:

“snmp-server host host-address community-string

[version {1 | 2c | 3 {auth | noauth | priv}}]”

where “host-address” is the IP address for the trap receiver, “community-string” specifies access rights for a version 1/2c host, or is the user name of a version 3 host, “version” indicates the SNMP client version, and “auth | noauth | priv” means that authentication, no authentication, or authentication and privacy is used for v3 clients. Then press <Enter>. For a more detailed description of these parameters, see “snmp-server host” on page 4-104. The following example creates a trap host for each type of SNMP client.

Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.23 batman4-104 Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.98 robin version 2c Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.34 barbie version 3 auth Console(config)#

2-7

Initial Configuration

Configuring Access for SNMP Version 3 Clients

To configure management access for SNMPv3 clients, you need to first create a view that defines the portions of MIB that the client can read or write, assign the view to a group, and then assign the user to a group. The following example creates one view called “mib-2” that includes the entire MIB-2 tree branch, and then another view that includes the IEEE 802.1d bridge MIB. It assigns these respective read and read/ write views to a group call “r&d” and specifies group authentication via MD5 or SHA. In the last step, it assigns a v3 user to this group, indicating that MD5 will be used for authentication, provides the password “greenpeace” for authentication, and the password “einstien” for encryption.

Console(config)#snmp-server view mib-2 1.3.6.1.2.1 included4-109 Console(config)#snmp-server view 802.1d 1.3.6.1.2.1.17 included Console(config)#snmp-server group r&d v3 auth mib-2 802.1d4-110 Console(config)#snmp-server user steve group r&d v3 auth md5 greenpeace priv des56 einstien4-113 Console(config)#

For a more detailed explanation on how to configure the switch for access from SNMP v3 clients, refer to “Simple Network Management Protocol” on page 3-33, or refer to the specific CLI commands for SNMP starting on page 4-100.

Saving Configuration Settings

Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in nonvolatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up configuration file using the “copy” command.

To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command:

1. From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config startup-config” and press <Enter>.

2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>.

Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#

2-8

Initial Configuration

2-10

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch

Using the Web Interface

This switch provides an embedded HTTP web agent. Using a web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape 6.2 or above).

Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a

serial connection to the console port or via Telnet. For more information on using the CLI, refer to Chapter 4: “Command Line Interface.”

Prior to accessing the switch from a web browser, be sure you have first performed the following tasks:

1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using an out-of-band serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.)

2. Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access to the web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the onboard configuration program. (See “Setting Passwords” on page 2-4.)

3. After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system configuration program.

Notes: 1. You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third

failed attempt the current connection is terminated.

2. If you log into the web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view

the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as “admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page.

3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass

through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm, then you can set the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e., enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to management commands issued through the web interface. See “Configuring Interface Settings” on page 3-114.

3-1

Configuring the Switch

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name and password for the administrator is “admin.”

Home Page

When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and statistics.

3-2

Figure 3-1 Home Page

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Configuration Options

Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the web page configuration buttons.

Table 3-1 Configuration Options

Button Action

Revert Cancels specified values and restores current values prior to pressing Apply.

Apply Sets specified values to the system.

Help Links directly to webhelp.

Notes: 1.

To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.x is configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General / Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”

2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the

screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh button.

Panel Display

The web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports. The Mode can be set to display different information for the ports, including Active (i.e., up or down), Duplex (i.e., half or full duplex, or Flow Control (i.e., with or without flow control). Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Configuration page as described on page 3-78.

TL-SG5426

Figure 3-2 Panel Display

3-3

Configuring the Switch

Main Menu

Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.

Table 3-2 Main Menu

Menu Description Page

System 3-10

System Information Provides basic system description, including contact information 3-10

Switch Information Shows the number of ports, hardware/firmware version

Bridge Extension Configuration

IP Configuration Sets the IP address for management access 3-14

Jumbo Frames Enables jumbo frame packets. 3-17

File Management 3-17

Copy Operation Allows the transfer and copying files 3-17

Delete Allows deletion of files from the flash memory 3-18

Set Start-Up Sets the startup file 3-18

Line 3-21

Console Sets console port connection parameters 3-21

Telnet Sets Telnet connection parameters 3-23

Log 3-25

Logs Stores and displays error messages 3-25

System Logs Sends error messages to a logging process 3-26

Remote Logs

SMTP Sends an SMTP client message to a participating server. 3-28

Renumbering Renumbers the units in the stack 3-30

Reset Restarts the switch 3-30

SNTP 3-31

Configuration Configures SNTP client settings, including broadcast mode or a

Clock Time Zone Sets the local time zone for the system clock 3-32

SNMP 3-33

Configuration Configures community strings and related trap functions 3-33

Agent Status Enables or disables SNMP Agent Status 3-35

SNMPv3 3-36

numbers, and power status

Shows the bridge extension parameters 3-13

Configures the logging of messages to a remote logging process 3-27

specified list of servers

3-11

3-31

3-4

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

Engine ID Sets the SNMP v3 engine ID on this switch 3-36

Remote Engine ID Sets the SNMP v3 engine ID for a remote device 3-37

Users Configures SNMP v3 users on this switch 3-37

Remote Users Configures SNMP v3 users from a remote device 3-40

Groups Configures SNMP v3 groups 3-41

Views Configures SNMP v3 views 3-45

Security 3-46

User Accounts Assigns a new password for the current user 3-46

Authentication Settings Configures authentication sequence, RADIUS and TACACS 3-48

HTTPS Settings Configures secure HTTP settings 3-52

SSH 3-54

Settings Configures Secure Shell server settings 3-59

Host-Key Settings Generates the host key pair (public and private) 3-57

Port Security Configures per port security, including status, response for

security breach, and maximum allowed MAC addresses

802.1X Port authentication 3-60

Information Displays global configuration settings 3-62

Configuration Configures the global configuration setting 3-62

Port Configuration Sets parameters for individual ports 3-63

Statistics Displays protocol statistics for the selected port 3-66

ACL 3-67

Configuration Configures packet filtering based on IP or MAC addresses 3-67

Port Binding Binds a port to the specified ACL 3-73

IP Filter Sets IP addresses of clients allowed management access via

the web, SNMP, and Telnet

Port 3-76

Port Information Displays port connection status 3-76

Trunk Information Displays trunk connection status 3-76

Port Configuration Configures port connection settings 3-78

Trunk Configuration Configures trunk connection settings 3-78

Trunk Membership Specifies ports to group into static trunks 3-81

LACP 3-82

Configuration Allows ports to dynamically join trunks 3-82

3-59

3-74

3-5

Configuring the Switch

Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

Aggregation Port Configures parameters for link aggregation group members 3-84

Port Counters Information Displays statistics for LACP protocol messages 3-86

Port Internal Information Displays settings and operational state for the local side 3-88

Port Neighbors Information Displays settings and operational state for the remote side 3-90

Port Broadcast Control Sets the broadcast storm threshold for each port 3-91

Trunk Broadcast Control Sets the broadcast storm threshold for each trunk 3-91

Mirror Port Configuration Sets the source and target ports for mirroring 3-93

Rate Limit 3-94

Input Port Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each port 3-94

Input Trunk Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each trunk 3-94

Output Port Configuration Sets the output rate limit for ports 3-94

Output Trunk Configuration Sets the output rate limit for trunks 3-94

Port Statistics Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics 3-95

Address Table 3-99

Static Addresses Displays entries for interface, address or VLAN 3-99

Dynamic Addresses Displays or edits static entries in the Address Table 3-100

Address Aging Sets timeout for dynamically learned entries 3-102

Spanning Tree 3-102

STA 3-102

Information Displays STA values used for the bridge 3-105

Configuration Configures global bridge settings for STA and RSTP 3-107

Port Information Displays individual port settings for STA 3-111

Trunk Information Displays individual trunk settings for STA 3-111

Port Configuration Configures individual port settings for STA 3-114

Trunk Configuration Configures individual trunk settings for STA 3-114

MSTP 3-116

VLAN Configuration Configures priority and VLANs for a spanning tree instance 3-116

Port Information Displays port settings for a specified MST instance 3-118

Trunk Information Displays trunk settings for a specified MST instance 3-118

Port Configuration Configures port settings for a specified MST instance 3-120

Trunk Configuration Configures trunk settings for a specified MST instance 3-120

3-6

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

VLAN 3-122

802.1Q VLAN 3-122

GVRP Status Enables GVRP VLAN registration protocol 3-125

802.1Q Tunnel Configuration

Basic Information Displays information on the VLAN type supported by this switch 3-126

Current Table Shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or

Static List Used to create or remove VLAN groups 3-128

Static Table Modifies the settings for an existing VLAN 3-129

Static Membership by Port Configures membership type for interfaces, including tagged,

Port Configuration Specifies default PVID and VLAN attributes 3-132

Trunk Configuration Specifies default trunk VID and VLAN attributes 3-132

Tunnel Port Configuration Adds ports to a QinQ tunnel 3-138

Tunnel Trunk Configuration Adds trunks to a QinQ tunnel 3-138

Private VLAN 3-141

Status Enables or disables the private VLAN 3-141

Link Status Configures the private VLAN 3-141

Protocol VLAN 3-142

Configuration Configures protocol VLANs 3-142

Port Configuration Configures protocol VLAN port type, and associated protocol

Priority 3-144

Default Port Priority Sets the default priority for each port 3-144

Default Trunk Priority Sets the default priority for each trunk 3-144

Traffic Classes Maps IEEE 802.1p priority tags to output queues 3-145

Traffic Classes Status Enables/disables traffic class priorities (not implemented) 3-147

Queue Mode Sets queue mode to strict priority or Weighted Round-Robin 3-147

Queue Scheduling Configures Weighted Round Robin queueing 3-148

IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status

IP Precedence Priority Sets IP Type of Service priority, mapping the precedence tag to

Enables QinQ Tunneling on the switch 3-126

not the port is tagged or untagged

untagged or forbidden

VLANs

Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables both.

a class-of-service value

3-126

3-131

3-143

3-149

3-150

3-7

Configuring the Switch

Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

IP DSCP Priority Sets IP Differentiated Services Code Point priority, mapping a

IP Port Prioriey Status Globally enables or disables IP Port Priority 3-153

IP Port Priority Sets TCP/UDP port priority, defining the socket number and

QoS 3-154

DiffServ 3-154

Class Map Sets Class Maps 3-155

Policy Map Sets Policy Maps 3-158

Service Policy Defines service policy settings for ports 3-161

IGMP Snooping 3-162

IGMP Configuration Enables multicast filtering; configures parameters for multicast

IGMP Filter Configuration Enables IGMP filtering and throttling for the switch, creates filter

IGMP Immediate Leave Enables the immediate leave function 3-164

Multicast Router Port Information

Static Multicast Router Port Configuration

IP Multicast Registration Table

IGMP Member Port Table Indicates multicast addresses associated with the selected

IGMP Filter Profile Configuration

IGMP Filter/Throttling Port Configuration

IGMP Filter/Throttling Trunk Configuration

MVR 3-174

Configuration Globally enables MVR, sets the MVR VLAN, adds multicast

Port Information Displays MVR interface type, MVR operational and activity

Trunk Information Displays MVR interface type, MVR operational and activity

Group IP Information Displays the ports attached to an MVR multicast stream 3-178

DSCP tag to a class-of-service value

associated class-of-service value

query

profile numbers

Displays the ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router for each VLAN ID

Assigns ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router 3-166

Displays all multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and VLAN ID

VLAN

Configures IGMP filter profile controlled groups and access mode

Assigns IGMP filter profiles to port interfaces and sets throttling settings

Assigns IGMP filter profiles to trunk interfaces and sets throttling settings

stream addresses

status, and immediate leave status

3-152

3-153

3-163

3-159

3-165

3-167

3-168

3-169

3-171

3-175

3-176

3-8

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

Port Configuration Configures MVR interface type and immediate leave status 3-179

Trunk Configuration Configures MVR interface type and immediate leave status 3-179

Group Member Configuration Statically assigns MVR multicast streams to an interface 3-180

DNS

General Configuration Enables DNS; configures domain name and domain list; and

Static Host Table Configures static entries for domain name to address mapping 3-183

Cache Displays cache entries discovered by designated name servers 3-185

DHCP Snooping 3-186

Configuration Enables DHCP Snooping and DHCP Snooping MAC-Address

VLAN Configuration Enables DHCP Snooping for a VLAN 3-188

Information Option Configuration

Port Configuration Selects the DHCP Snooping Information Option policy 3-189

Binding Information Displays the DHCP Snooping binding information 3-190

IP Source Guard 3-191

Port Configuration Enables IP source guard and selects filter type per port 3-191

Static Configuration Adds a static addresses to the source-guard binding table 3-192

Dynamic Information Displays the source-guard binding table for a selected interface 3-193

Cluster 3-194

Configuration Globally enables clustering for the switch 3-188

Member Configuration Adds switch Members to the cluster 3-196

Member Information Displays cluster Member switch information 3-197

Candidate Information Displays network Candidate switch information 3-198

specifies IP address of name servers for dynamic lookup

Verification

Enables DHCP Snooping Information Option 3-188

3-181

3-187

3-9

Configuring the Switch

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location and contact information.

Field Attributes

• System Name – Name assigned to the switch system.

• Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem.

• Location – Specifies the system location.

• Contact – Administrator responsible for the system.

• System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up.

These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.

• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.

• Web server – Shows if management access via HTTP is enabled.

• Web server port – Shows the TCP port number used by the web interface.

• Web secure server – Shows if management access via HTTPS is enabled.

• Web secure server port – Shows the TCP port used by the HTTPS interface.

• Telnet server – Shows if management access via Telnet is enabled.

• Telnet port – Shows the TCP port used by the Telnet interface.

• Jumbo Frame – Shows if jumbo frames are enabled.

• POST result – Shows results of the power-on self-test.

Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also includes a Telnet button that allows access to the Command Line Interface via Telnet.)

Figure 3-3 System Information

3-10

Managing System Files

The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed by the CLI program, web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file.

The three types of files are:

• Configuration — This file stores system configuration information and is created

when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be selected as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for backup. A file named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains all the system default settings and cannot be deleted from the system. See “Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings” on page 3-19 for more information.

• Operation Code — System software that is executed after boot-up, also known as

run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI and web management interfaces. See “Managing Firmware” on page 3-17 for more information.

• Diagnostic Code — Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as

POST (Power On Self-Test).

Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration files as available flash memory space allows.

In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file. During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.

Note that configuration files should be downloaded using a file name that reflects the contents or usage of the file settings. If you download directly to the running-config, the system will reboot, and the settings will have to be copied from the running-config to a permanent file.

2-9

Basic Configuration

CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information.

Console(config)#hostname R&D 5 4-25 Console(config)#snmp-server location WC 9 4-103 Console(config)#snmp-server contact Ted 4-103 Console(config)#exit Console#show system 4-61 System Description: TL-SG5426 System OID String: 1.3.6.1.4.1.11863.6.10.58 System Information System Up Time: 0 days, 0 hours, 2 minutes, and 57.23 seconds System Name: [NONE] System Location: [NONE] System Contact: [NONE] MAC Address (Unit1): 00-00-00-00-00-01 Web Server: Enabled Web Server Port: 80 Web Secure Server: Enabled Web Secure Server Port: 443 Telnet Server: Enable Telnet Server Port: 23 Jumbo Frame: Disabled

POST Result:

DUMMY Test 1 ................. PASS

UART Loopback Test ........... PASS

DRAM Test .................... PASS

Timer Test ................... PASS

PCI Device 1 Test ............ PASS

Done All Pass. Console#

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Use the Switch Information page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system.

Field Attributes

Main Board

• Serial Number – The serial number of the switch.

• Number of Ports – Number of built-in RJ-45 ports.

• Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.

• Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply.

Management Software

• EPLD Version – Version number of the Electronically Programmable Logic Device

code.

• Loader Version – Version number of loader code.

• Boot-ROM Version – Version of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code.

• Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code.

• Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master or Slave.

3-11

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click System, Switch Information.

Figure 3-4 Switch Information

CLI – Use the following command to display version information.

Console#show version 4-62 Unit 1 Serial Number: !!!!!!!!!! Hardware Version: !!! EPLD Version: 1.02 Number of Ports: 26 Main Power Status: Up Redundant Power Status: Not present

Agent (Master) Unit ID: 1 Loader Version: 1.0.0.4 Boot ROM Version: 1.0.0.5 Operation Code Version: 1.0.0.7

Console#

3-12

Basic Configuration

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Multicast Filtering, Traffic Classes, and Virtual LANs. You can access these extensions to display default settings for the key variables.

Field Attributes

• Extended Multicast Filtering Services – This switch does not support the filtering

of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol).

• Traffic Classes – This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic

classes. (Refer to “Class of Service Configuration” on page 3-144.)

• Static Entry Individual Port – This switch allows static filtering for unicast and

multicast addresses. (Refer to “Setting Static Addresses” on page 3-99.)

• VLAN Learning – This switch uses Shared VLAN Learning (SVL), where all

VLANs share the same address table.

• Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port

VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 3-122.)

• Local VLAN Capable – This switch does not support multiple local bridges outside

of the scope of 802.1Q defined VLANs.

• GMRP – GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to

register endstations with multicast groups. This switch does not support GMRP; it uses the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to provide automatic multicast filtering.

Web – Click System, Bridge Extension Configuration.

Figure 3-5 Bridge Extension Configuration

3-13

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Enter the following command.

Console#show bridge-ext 4-164 Max support VLAN numbers: 256 Max support VLAN ID: 4094 Extended multicast filtering services: No Static entry individual port: Yes VLAN learning: IVL Configurable PVID tagging: Yes Local VLAN capable: No Traffic classes: Enabled Global GVRP status: Disabled GMRP: Disabled Console#

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

This section describes how to configure an IP interface for management access over the network. The IP address for the stack is obtained via DHCP by default. To manually configure an address, you need to change the switch’s default settings (IP address 192.168.1.1 and netmask 255.255.255.0) to values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to a establish a default gateway between the stack and management stations that exist on another network segment.

You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Command Attributes

• Management VLAN – ID of the configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes). By default, all ports on the switch are members of VLAN 1. However, the management station can be attached to a port belonging to any VLAN, as long as that VLAN has been assigned an IP address.

• IP Address Mode – Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration (Static), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Boot Protocol (BOOTP). If DHCP/BOOTP is enabled, IP will not function until a reply has been received from the server. Requests will be broadcast periodically by the switch for an IP address. (DHCP/BOOTP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

• IP Address – Address of the VLAN interface that is allowed management access. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. (Default: 255.0.0.0)

• Gateway IP address – IP address of the gateway router between this device and management stations that exist on other network segments. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.

• Restart DHCP – Requests a new IP address from the DHCP server.

3-14

Basic Configuration

Manual Configuration

Web – Click System, IP Configuration. Select the VLAN through which the management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to “Static,” enter the IP address, subnet mask and gateway, then click Apply.

Figure 3-6 Manual IP Configuration

CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-116 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 4-223 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 0.0.0.0 4-224 Console(config)#

3-15

Configuring the Switch

Using DHCP/BOOTP

If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be dynamically configured by these services.

Web – Click System, IP Configuration. Specify the VLAN to which the management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Click Apply to save your changes. Then click Restart DHCP to immediately request a new address. Note that the switch will also broadcast a request for IP configuration settings on each power reset.

Figure 3-7 DHCP IP Configuration

Note: If you lose your management connection, use a console connection and enter

“show ip interface” to determine the new switch address.

CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP address mode to DHCP or BOOTP, and then enter the “ip dhcp restart” command.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-116 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp 4-223 Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart 4-225 Console#show ip interface 4-225 IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: User specified. Console#

Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a specific period of time. If the address expires or the switch is moved to another network segment, you will lose management access to the switch. In this case, you can reboot the switch or submit a client request to restart DHCP service via the CLI.

3-16

Basic Configuration

Web – If the address assigned by DHCP is no longer functioning, you will not be able to renew the IP settings via the web interface. You can only restart DHCP service via the web interface if the current address is still available.

CLI – Enter the following command to restart DHCP service.

Console#ip dhcp restart 4-225 Console#

Enabling Jumbo Frames

You can enable jumbo frames to support data packets up to 9000 bytes in size.

Command Attributes

• Jumbo Packet Status – Check the box to enable jumbo frames.

Web – Click System, Jumbo Frames.

Figure 3-8 Bridge Extension Configuration

CLI – Enter the following command.

Console#config Console(config)#jumbo frame Console(config)#

Managing Firmware

You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server, or copy files to and from switch units in a stack. By saving runtime code to a file on a TFTP server, that file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore operation. You can also set the switch to use new firmware without overwriting the previous version. You must specify the method of file transfer, along with the file type and file names as required.

Command Attributes

• File Transfer Method – The firmware copy operation includes these options:

- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.

- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.

- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Type – Specify opcode (operational code) to copy firmware.

3-17

Configuring the Switch

• File Name – the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

Note: Up to two copies of the system software (i.e., the runtime firmware) can be stored

in the file directory on the switch. The currently designated startup version of this file cannot be deleted.

The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),

the leading letter of

Downloading System Software from a Server

When downloading runtime code, you can specify the destination file name to replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file.

Web –Click System, File Management, Copy Operation. Select “tftp to file” as the file transfer method, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, set the file type to “opcode,” enter the file name of the software to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Apply. If you replaced the current firmware used for startup and want to start using the new operation code, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

Figure 3-9 Copy Firmware

If you download to a new destination file, go to the System/File/Set Start-Up menu, mark the operation code file used at startup, and click Apply. To start the new firmware, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

Figure 3-10 Setting the Startup Code

3-18

Basic Configuration

To delete a file select System, File, Delete. Select the file name from the given list by checking the tick box and click Apply. Note that t

startup code cannot be deleted.

Figure 3-11 Deleting Files

he file currently designated as the

CLI – To download new firmware form a TFTP server, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, select “opcode” as the file type, then enter the source and destination file names. When the file has finished downloading, set the new file to start up the system, and then restart the switch.

To start the new firmware, enter the “reload” command or reboot the system.

Console#copy tftp file 4-64 TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.23 Choose file type:

1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 2 Source file name: V2.2.7.1.bix Destination file name: V2271.F \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success. Console#config Console(config)#boot system opcode:V2271.F 4-69 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-22

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

You can upload/download configuration settings to/from a TFTP server. The configuration files can be later downloaded to restore the switch’s settings.

Command Attributes

• File Transfer Method – The configuration copy operation includes these options:

- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.

- file to running-config – Copies a file in the switch to the running configuration.

- file to startup-config – Copies a file in the switch to the startup configuration.

- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.

- running-config to file – Copies the running configuration to a file.

- running-config to startup-config – Copies the running config to the startup config.

- running-config to tftp – Copies the running configuration to a TFTP server.

- startup-config to file – Copies the startup configuration to a file on the switch.

- startup-config to running-config – Copies the startup config to the running config.

- startup-config to tftp – Copies the startup configuration to a TFTP server.

3-19

Configuring the Switch

- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.

- tftp to running-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the running config.

- tftp to startup-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the startup config.

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Type – Specify config (configuration) to copy configuration settings.

File Name

• the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

Note:

— The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),

The maximum number of user-defined configuration files is limited only by available flash memory space.

the leading letter of

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server

You can download the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as the destination on the switch.

Web – Click System, File, Copy Operation. Select “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file” and enter the IP address of the TFTP server. Specify the name of the file to download and select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Apply.

Figure 3-12 Downloading Configuration Settings for Startup

If you download to a new file name using “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file,” the file is automatically set as the start-up configuration file. To use the new settings, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

3-20

Basic Configuration

Note: You can also select any configuration file as the start-up configuration by using the

System/File/Set Start-Up page.

Figure 3-13 Setting the Startup Configuration Settings

CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, specify the source file on the server, set the startup file name on the switch, and then restart the switch.

Console#copy tftp startup-config 4-64 TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.23 Source configuration file name: config-1 Startup configuration file name [] : startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#reload

To select another configuration file as the start-up configuration, use the boot system command and then restart the switch.

Console#config Console(config)#boot system config: startup-new 4-69 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-22

Console Port Settings

You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the switch’s serial console port. Management access through the console port is controlled by various parameters, including a password, timeouts, and basic communication settings. These parameters can be configured via the web or CLI interface.

Command Attributes

• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the

CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is terminated for the session. (Range: 0-300 seconds; Default: 0 seconds)

• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.

If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is terminated. (Range: 0-65535 seconds; Default: 600 seconds)

• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the

number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the

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Configuring the Switch

system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt. (Range: 0-120; Default: 3 attempts)

• Silent Time – Sets the amount of time the management console is inaccessible after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts has been exceeded. (Range: 0-65535; Default: 0)

• Data Bits – Sets the number of data bits per character that are interpreted and generated by the console port. If parity is being generated, specify 7 data bits per character. If no parity is required, specify 8 data bits per character. (Default: 8 bits)

• Parity – Defines the generation of a parity bit. Communication protocols provided by some terminals can require a specific parity bit setting. Specify Even, Odd, or None. (Default: None)

• Speed – Sets the terminal line’s baud rate for transmit (to terminal) and receive (from terminal). Set the speed to match the baud rate of the device connected to the serial port. (Range: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 baud, or Auto; Default: Auto)

• Stop Bits – Sets the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte. (Range: 1-2; Default: 1 stop bit)

• Password started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password. If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No password)

• Login single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by passwords set up for specific user-name accounts. (Default: Local)

– Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is

– Enables password checking at login. You can select authentication by a

Web – Click System, Line, Console. Specify the console port connection parameters

as required, then click Apply.

Figure 3-14 Console Port Settings

1. CLI only.

3-22

Basic Configuration

CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for the console, then specify the connection parameters as required. To display the current console port settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.

Console(config)#line console 4-11 Console(config-line)#login local 4-11 Console(config-line)#password 0 secret 4-12 Console(config-line)#timeout login response 0 4-13 Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 4-13 Console(config-line)#password-thresh 3 4-14 Console(config-line)#silent-time 60 4-15 Console(config-line)#databits 8 4-15 Console(config-line)#parity none 4-16 Console(config-line)#speed 19200 4-17 Console(config-line)#stopbits 1 4-17 Console(config-line)#end Console#show line 4-18 Console configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: Disabled Login timeout: Disabled Silent time: 60 Baudrate: 19200 Databits: 8 Parity: none Stopbits: 1

VTY configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: 600 sec Login timeout: 300 sec Console#

Telnet Settings

You can access the onboard configuration program over the network using Telnet (i.e., a virtual terminal). Management access via Telnet can be enabled/disabled and other various parameters set, including the TCP port number, timeouts, and a password. These parameters can be configured via the web or CLI interface.

Command Attributes

• Telnet Status – Enables or disables Telnet access to the switch.

(Default: Enabled)

• Telnet Port Number – Sets the TCP port number for Telnet on the switch.

(Default: 23)

• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the

CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is terminated for the session. (Range: 0-300 seconds; Default: 300 seconds)

• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.

If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is terminated. (Range: 0-65535 seconds; Default: 600 seconds)

• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the

number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the

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Configuring the Switch

system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt. (Range: 0-120; Default: 3 attempts)

• Password started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password. If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No password)

• Login2 – Enables password checking at login. You can select authentication by a single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by passwords set up for specific user-name accounts. (Default: Local)

Web – Click System, Line, Telnet. Specify the connection parameters for Telnet access, then click Apply.

– Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is

2. CLI only.

3-24

Figure 3-15 Enabling Telnet

Basic Configuration

CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for a virtual terminal, then specify the connection parameters as required. To display the current virtual terminal settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.

Console(config)#line vty 4-11 Console(config-line)#login local 4-11 Console(config-line)#password 0 secret 4-12 Console(config-line)#timeout login response 300 4-13 Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 600 4-13 Console(config-line)#password-thresh 3 4-14 Console(config-line)#end Console#show line 4-18 Console configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: Disabled Login timeout: Disabled Silent time: Disabled Baudrate: 9600 Databits: 8 Parity: none Stopbits: 1

VTY configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: 600 sec Login timeout: 300 sec Console#

Configuring Event Logging

The switch allows you to control the logging of error messages, including the type of events that are recorded in switch memory, logging to a remote System Log (syslog) server, and displays a list of recent event messages.

Displaying Log Messages

The Logs page allows you to scroll through the logged system and event messages. The switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory (RAM; i.e., memory flushed on power reset) and up to 4096 entries in permanent flash memory.

Web – Click System, Log, Logs.

Figure 3-16 Displaying Logs

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Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example shows the event message stored in RAM.

Console#show log ram 4-47 [1] 00:00:27 2001-01-01 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 5, function: 1, and event no.: 1 [0] 00:00:25 2001-01-01 "System coldStart notification." level: 6, module: 5, function: 1, and event no.: 1 Console#

System Log Configuration

The system allows you to enable or disable event logging, and specify which levels are logged to RAM or flash memory.

Severe error messages that are logged to flash memory are permanently stored in the switch to assist in troubleshooting network problems. Up to 4096 log entries can be stored in the flash memory, with the oldest entries being overwritten first when the available log memory (256 kilobytes) has been exceeded.

The System Logs page allows you to configure and limit system messages that are logged to flash or RAM memory. The default is for event levels 0 to 3 to be logged to flash and levels 0 to 6 to be logged to RAM.

Command Attributes

• System Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages to the logging process. (Default: Enabled)

• Flash Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s permanent flash memory for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 3 will be logged to flash. (Range: 0-7, Default: 3)

Table 3-3 Logging Levels

Level Severity Name Description

7 Debug Debugging messages

6 Informational Informational messages only

5 Notice Normal but significant condition, such as cold start

4 Warning Warning conditions (e.g., return false, unexpected return)

3 Error Error conditions (e.g., invalid input, default used)

2 Critical Critical conditions (e.g., memory allocation, or free memory

1 Alert Immediate action needed

0 Emergency System unusable

* There are only Level 2, 5 and 6 error messages for the current firmware release.

error - resource exhausted)

• RAM Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s temporary RAM memory for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 7 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 7 will be logged to RAM. (Range: 0-7, Default: 6)

The Flash Level must be equal to or less than the RAM Level.

Note:

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Basic Configuration

Web – Click System, Log, System Logs. Specify System Log Status, event messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory, then click Apply.

Figure 3-17 System Logs

CLI – Enable system logging and then specify the level of messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory. Use the show logging command to display the current settings.

Console(config)#logging on 4-43 Console(config)#logging history ram 0 4-44 Console(config)#end Console#show logging flash 4-47 Syslog logging: Enabled History logging in FLASH: level emergencies Console#

set the level of

Remote Log Configuration

The Remote Logs page allows you to configure the logging of messages that are sent to syslog servers or other management stations. You can also limit the error messages sent to only those messages below a specified level.

Command Attributes

• Remote Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages

to the remote logging process. (Default: Enabled)

• Logging Facility – Sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages.

There are eight facility types specified by values of 16 to 23. The facility type is used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service.

The attribute specifies the facility type tag sent in syslog messages. (See RFC

3164.) This type has no effect on the kind of messages reported by the switch. However, it may be used by the syslog server to process messages, such as sorting or storing messages in the corresponding database. (Range: 16-23, Default: 23)

• Logging Trap – Limits log messages that are sent to the remote syslog server for

all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 3 will be sent to the remote server. (Range: 0-7, Default: 6)

• Host IP List – Displays the list of remote server IP addresses that receive the

syslog messages. The maximum number of host IP addresses allowed is five.

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Configuring the Switch

• Host IP Address – Specifies a new server IP address to add to the Host IP List.

Web – Click System, Log, Remote Logs. To add an IP address to the Host IP List,

type the new IP address in the Host IP Address box, and then click Add. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the Host IP List, and then click Remove.

Figure 3-18 Remote Logs

CLI – Enter the syslog server host IP address, choose the facility type and set the logging trap.

Console(config)#logging host 192.168.1.15 4-45 Console(config)#logging facility 23 4-45 Console(config)#logging trap 4 4-46 Console(config)#end Console#show logging trap 4-46 Syslog logging: Enabled REMOTELOG status: Enabled REMOTELOG facility type: local use 7 REMOTELOG level type: Warning conditions REMOTELOG server ip address: 192.168.1.15 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 Console#

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used to send email messages between servers. The messages can be retrieved using POP or IMAP clients.

Command Attributes

• Admin Status – Enables/disables the SMTP function. (Default: Enabled)

• Email Source Address – This command specifies SMTP servers email addresses that can send alert messages.

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Basic Configuration

• Severity – Specifies the degree of urgency that the message carries.

• Debugging – Sends a debugging notification. (Level 7)

• Information – Sends informatative notification only. (Level 6)

• Notice – Sends notification of a normal but significant condition, such as a cold start. (Level 5)

• Warning – Sends notification of a warning condition such as return false, or unexpected return. (Level 4)

• Error – Sends notification that an error conditions has occurred, such as invalid input, or default used. (Level 3)

• Critical – Sends notification that a critical condition has occurred, such as memory allocation, or free memory error - resource exhausted. (Level 2)

• Alert – Sends urgent notification that immediate action must be taken. (Level 1)

• Emergency – Sends an emergency notification that the system is now unusable. (Level 0)

• SMTP Server List – Specifies a list of recipient SMTP servers.

• SMTP Server – Specifies a new SMTP server address to add to the SMTP Server List.

• Email Destination Address List – Specifies a list of recipient Email Destination Address.

• Email Destination Address – This command specifies SMTP servers that may receive alert messages.

Web – Click System, Log, SMTP. To add an IP address to the Server IP List, type the new IP address in the Server IP Address box, and then click Add. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the Server IP List, and then click Remove.

Figure 3-19 Enabling and Configuring SMTP

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Configuring the Switch

CLI – Enter the host ip address, followed by the mail severity level, source and destination email addresses and enter the sendmail command to complete the action. Use the show logging command to display SMTP information.

Renumbering the System

Web – Click System, Renumber. Click the Renumber button to renumber the switch. When prompted, confirm that you want to renumber the switch.

Figure 3-20 Renumbering the System

CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch. When prompted, confirm that you want to reset the switch.

Console#reload 4-22 System will be restarted, continue <y/n>? y

When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test.

Console(config)#logging sendmail host 192.168.1.19 Console(config)#logging sendmail level 3 Console(config)#logging sendmail source-email bill@this-company.com Console(config)#logging sendmail destination-email ted@this-company.com Console(config)#logging sendmail Console#

Resetting the System

Web – Click System, Reset. Click the Reset button to reboot the switch. When prompted, confirm that you want reset the switch.

Figure 3-21 Resetting the System

CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch. When prompted, confirm that you want to reset the switch.

Console#reload 4-22 System will be restarted, continue <y/n>? y

When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test.

Note:

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Basic Configuration

Setting the System Clock

Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and times for event entries. You can also manually set the clock using the CLI. (See “calendar set” on page 4-56) If the clock is not set, the switch will only record the time from the factory default set at the last bootup.

When the SNTP client is enabled, the switch periodically sends a request for a time update to a configured time server. You can configure up to three time server IP addresses. The switch will attempt to poll each server in the configured sequence.

Configuring SNTP

You can configure the switch to send time synchronization requests to time servers.

Command Attributes

• SNTP Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP client. This requires at least one time server to be specified in the SNTP Server field. (Default: Disabled)

• SNTP Poll Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update from a time server. (Range: 16-16384 seconds; Default: 16 seconds)

• SNTP Server – Sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch attempts to update the time from the first server, if this fails it attempts an update from the next server in the sequence.

Web – Select SNTP, Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click Apply.

Figure 3-22 SNTP Configuration

3-31

Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP unicast client and then displays the current time and settings.

Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2 4-54 Console(config)#sntp poll 60 4-55 Console(config)#sntp client 4-53 Console(config)#exit Console#show sntp Current time: Jan 6 14:56:05 2004 Poll interval: 16 Current mode: unicast SNTP status : Enabled SNTP server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2 Current server: 128.250.36.2 Console#

Setting the Time Zone

SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC.

Command Attributes

• Current Time – Displays the current time.

• Name – Assigns a name to the time zone. (Range: 1-29 characters)

• Hours (0-12) – The number of hours before/after UTC.

• Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC.

• Direction – Configures the time zone to be before (east) or after (west) UTC.

Web – Select SNTP, Clock Time Zone. Set the offset for your time zone relative to the UTC, and click Apply.

Figure 3-23 Setting the System Clock

CLI - This example shows how to set the time zone for the system clock.

Console(config)#clock timezone Atlantic hours 4 minute 0

before-UTC 4-56

Console(config)#

3-32

Simple Network Management Protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers. SNMP is typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network environment, as well as to monitor them to evaluate performance or detect potential problems.

The switch includes an onboard SNMP agent that continuously monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A network management station can access this information using software such as HP OpenView. Access rights to the onboard agent are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the management station must first submit a valid community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings, trap functions, and restricting access to clients with specified IP addresses are described in the following sections.

Setting Community Access Strings

You may configure up to five community strings authorized for management access. All community strings used for IP Trap Managers should be listed in this table. For security reasons, you should consider removing the default strings.

Command Attributes

• SNMP Community Capability – Indicates that the switch supports up to five community strings.

• Community String – A community string that acts like a password and permits access to the SNMP protocol. Default strings: “public” (read-only), “private” (read/write) Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive

• Access Mode

- Read-Only – Specifies read-only access. Authorized management stations are

only able to retrieve MIB objects.

- Read/Write – Specifies read-write access. Authorized management stations are

able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects.

3-33

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Add new community strings as required, select the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add.

Figure 3-24 Configuring SNMP Community Strings

CLI – The following example adds the string “spiderman” with read/write access.

Console(config)#snmp-server community spiderman rw 4-102 Console(config)#

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types

Traps indicating status changes are issued by the switch to specified trap managers. You must specify trap managers so that key events are reported by this switch to your management station (using network management platforms such as HP OpenView). You can specify up to five management stations that will receive authentication failure messages and other trap messages from the switch.

Command Attributes

• Trap Manager Capability – This switch supports up to five trap managers.

• Current – Displays a list of the trap managers currently configured.

• Trap Manager IP Address – IP address of the host (the targeted recipient).

• Trap Manager Community String – Community string sent with the notification operation. (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive)

• Trap UDP Port – Sets the UDP port number. (Default: 162)

• Trap Version – Specifies whether to send notifications as SNMP v1, v2c, or v3 traps. (The default is version 1.)

• Trap Security Level – Specifies the security level.

• Enable Authentication Traps – Issues a trap message whenever an invalid community string is submitted during the SNMP access authentication process. (Default: Enabled)

• Enable Link-up and Link-down Traps – Issues a trap message whenever a port link is established or broken. (Default: Enabled)

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Simple Network Management Protocol

Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Fill in the IP address and community string for each trap manager that will receive trap messages, and then click Add. Select the trap types required using the check boxes for Authentication and Link-up/down traps, and then click Apply.

Figure 3-25 Configuring IP Trap Managers

CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables both authentication and link-up, link-down traps.

Console(config)#snmp-server host 192.168.1.19 private version 2c 4-104 Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps 4-106

Enabling SNMP Agent Status

Enables SNMPv3 service for all management clients (i.e., versions 1, 2c, 3).

Command Attributes

• SNMP Agent Status – Check the box to enable or disable the SNMP Agent.

Web – Click SNMP, Agent Status.

Figure 3-26 Enabling SNMP Agent Status

3-35

Configuring the Switch

Configuring SNMPv3 Management Access

To configure SNMPv3 management access to the switch, follow these steps:

1. If you want to change the default engine ID, it must be changed first before

configuring other parameters.

2. Specify read and write access views for the switch MIB tree.

3. Configure SNMP user groups with the required security model (i.e., SNMP v1,

v2c or v3) and security level (i.e., authentication and privacy).

4. Assign SNMP users to groups, along with their specific authentication and

privacy passwords.

Setting the Local Engine ID

An SNMPv3 engine is an independent SNMP agent that resides on the switch. This engine protects against message replay, delay, and redirection. The engine ID is also used in combination with user passwords to generate the security keys for authenticating and encrypting SNMPv3 packets.

A local engine ID is automatically generated that is unique to the switch. This is referred to as the default engine ID. If the local engine ID is deleted or changed, all SNMP users will be cleared. You will need to reconfigure all existing users.

A new engine ID can be specified by entering 5 to 32 octets of hexadecimal characters; that is, 9 to 64 hexadecimal characters. If an odd number of hexadecimal characters are specified, a trailing zero is added to the value to fill the octet. For example, entering the value “123456789” results in an engine ID of “1234567890.”

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Engine ID.

Figure 3-27 Setting an Engine ID

CLI – This example sets an SNMPv3 engine ID.

Console(config)#snmp-server engine-id local 12345abcdef0 4-107 Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp engine-id4-114 Local SNMP engineID: 12345abcdef0 Local SNMP engineBoots: 1 Console#

3-36

Simple Network Management Protocol

Specifying a Remote Engine ID

To send inform messages to an SNMPv3 user on a remote device, you must first specify the engine identifier for the SNMP agent on the remote device where the user resides. The remote engine ID is used to compute the security digest for authenticating and encrypting packets sent to a user on the remote host.

SNMP passwords are localized using the engine ID of the authoritative agent. For informs, the authoritative SNMP agent is the remote agent. You therefore need to configure the remote agent’s SNMP engine ID before you can send proxy requests or informs to it.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Remote Engine ID.

Figure 3-28 Setting a Remote Engine ID

CLI – This example specifies a remote SNMPv3 engine ID.

Console(config) Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp engine-id Local SNMP engineID: 83010000030000352810030000 Local SNMP engineBoots: 1 Remote SNMP engineID: 54321fedcba0 IP address 192.168.1.25 Console#

#snmp-server e ngineID remo te 54321fed cba0 192.168 .1.19 4-107

4-107

Configuring SNMPv3 Users

Each SNMPv3 user is defined by a unique name. Users must be configured with a specific security level and assigned to a group. The SNMPv3 group restricts users to a specific read, write, and notify view.

Command Attributes

• User Name – The name of user connecting to the SNMP agent.

(Range: 1-32 characters)

• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group to which the user is assigned.

(Range: 1-32 characters)

• Model – The user security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3.

3-37

Configuring the Switch

• Level – The security level used for the user:

- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP

communications. (This is the default for SNMPv3.)

- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not

encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only

available for the SNMPv3 security model).

• Authentication – The method used for user authentication. (Options: MD5, SHA; Default: MD5)

• Authentication Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.

• Privacy – The encryption algorithm use for data privacy; only 56-bit DES is currently available.

• Actions – Enables the user to be assigned to another SNMPv3 group.

3-38

Simple Network Management Protocol

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Users. Click New to configure a user name. In the New User page, define a name and assign it to a group, then click Add to save the configuration and return to the User Name list. To delete a user, check the box next to the user name, then click Delete. To change the assigned group of a user, click Change Group in the Actions column of the users table and select the new group.

Figure 3-29 Configuring SNMPv3 Users

CLI – Use the snmp-server user command to configure a new user name and assign it to a group.

Console(config)#snmp-server user chris group r&d v3 auth md5 greenpeacepriv des56 einstien Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp user EngineId: 83010000030000352810030000 User Name: chris Authentication Protocol: md5Privacy Protocol: des56 Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: active Console#

4-113

3-39

Configuring the Switch

Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users

Command Attributes

• User Name – The name of user connecting to the SNMP agent. (Range: 1-32 characters)

• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group to which the user is assigned. (Range: 1-32 characters)

• Engine ID – The engine identifier for the SNMP agent on the remote device where the remote user resides. Note that the remote engine identifier must be specified before you configure a remote user. (See “Specifying a Remote Engine ID” on page 44.)

• Model – The user security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3.

• Level – The security level used for the user:

- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP

communications. (This is the default for SNMPv3.)

- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not

encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only

available for the SNMPv3 security model).

• Authentication – The method used for user authentication. (Options: MD5, SHA; Default: MD5)

• Privacy – The encryption algorithm use for data privacy; only 56-bit DES is currently available.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Remote Users. Click New to configure a user name. In the New User page, define a name and assign it to a group, then click Add to save the configuration and return to the User Name list. To delete a user, check the box next to the user name, then click Delete.

Figure 3-30 Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users

3-40

Simple Network Management Protocol

CLI – Use the snmp-server user command to configure a new user name and assign it to a group.

Console(config)#snmp-server user mark group r&d remote 192.168.1.19 v3 auth md5 greenpeace priv des56 einstien Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp user No user exist. SNMP remote user EngineId: 80000000030004e2b316c54321 User Name: mark Authentication Protocol: none Privacy Protocol: none Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: active

Console#

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Configuring SNMPv3 Groups

An SNMPv3 group sets the access policy for its assigned users, restricting them to specific read, write, and notify views. You can use the pre-defined default groups or create new groups to map a set of SNMP users to SNMP views.

Command Attributes

• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group to which the user is assigned.

(Range: 1-32 characters)

• Model – The user security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3.

• Level – The security level used for the group:

- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP communications. (This is the default for SNMPv3.)

- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

• Read View – The configured view for read access. (Range: 1-64 characters)

• Write View – The configured view for write access. (Range: 1-64 characters)

3-41

Configuring the Switch

• Notify View – The configured view for notifications. (Range: 1-64 characters)

Table 3-4 Supported Notification Messages

Object Label Object ID Description

RFC 1493 Traps

newRoot 1.3.6.1.2.1.17.0.1 The newRoot trap indicates that

topologyChange 1.3.6.1.2.1.17.0.2 A topologyChange trap is sent

SNMPv2 Traps

coldStart 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.1 A coldSta rt trap signifies that the

warmStart 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.2 A warmStart trap signifies that

linkDown

linkUp 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.4 A linkUp trap signifies that the

1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.3 A linkDown trap signifies that the

the sending agent has become the new root of the Spanning Tree; the trap is sent by a bridge soon after its election as the new root, e.g., upon expiration of the Topology Change Timer immediately subsequent to its election.

by a bridge when any of its configured ports tra nsitions from the Learning state to the Forwarding state, or from the Forwarding state to the Discarding state. The trap is not sent if a newRoot trap is sent for the same transition.

SNMPv2 entity, acting in an agent role, is reinitializing itself and that its configuration may have been altered.

the SNMPv2 entity, acting in an agent role, is reinitializing itself such that its configuration is unaltered.

SNMP entity, acting in an agent role, has detected that the ifOperStatus object for one of its communication links is about to enter the down state from some other state (but not from the notPresent state). This other state is indicated b y the included value of ifOperStatus.

SNMP entity, acting in an agent role, has detected that the ifOperStatus object for one of its communication links left the down state and transitioned into some other state (but not into the notPresent stat e). This other state is indicated b y the included value of ifOperStatus.

3-42

Simple Network Management Protocol

Table 3-4 Supported Notification Messages (Continued)

Object Label Object ID Description

authenticationFailure 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.5 An authenticationFailure trap

RMON Events (V2)

risingAlarm 1.3.6.1.2.1.16.0.1 The SNMP trap that is

fallingAlarm 1.3.6.1.2.1.16.0.2 The SNMP trap that is

Private Traps

swPowerStatus ChangeTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.11863.6.10.58.1.0.1 This trap is sent when the power

swPortSecurityTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.11863.6.10.58.1.0.36 This trap is sent when the port is

swIpFilterRejectTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.11863.6.10.58.1.0.40 This trap is sent when an

swSmtpConnFailureTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.11863.6.10.58.1.0.41 This trap is triggered if the

swMainBoardVerMismatchNotificaiton 1.3.6.1.4.1.11863.6.10.58.1.0.56 This trap is sent when the slave

a. These are legacy notifications and therefore must be enabled in conjunction with the corresponding traps on the SNMP Configuration menu.

signifies that the SNMPv 2 entity, acting in an agent role, has received a protocol message that is not properly authenticated. While all implementations of the SNMPv2 must be capable of generating this trap, the snmpEnableAuthe nTraps object indicates whether this trap will be generated.

generated when an alarm entry crosses its rising threshold and generates an event that is configured for sending SNMP traps.

generated when an alarm entry crosses its falling threshold and generates an event that is configured for sending SNMP traps.

state changes.

being intruded. This trap will only be sent when the portSecActionTrap is enabled.

incorrect IP address is rejected by the IP Filter.

SMTP system cannot open a connection to the mail server successfully.

version is mismatched with the master version. This trap will bind two objects. The first object indicates the master version, whereas the second represents the slave version.

3-43

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Groups. Click New to configure a new group. In the New Group page, define a name, assign a security model and level, and then select read and write views. Click Add to save the new group and return to the Groups list. To delete a group, check the box next to the group name, then click Delete.

Figure 3-31 Configuring SNMPv3 Groups

CLI – Use the snmp-server group command to configure a new group, specifying the security model and level, and restricting MIB access to defined read and write views.

Console(config)#snmp-server group secure-users v3 priv read defaultview write defaultview notify defaultview4-116 Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp group4-118 ... Group Name: secure-users Security Model: v3 Read View: defaultview Write View: defaultview Notify View: defaultview Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: activeConsole#

3-44

Simple Network Management Protocol

Setting SNMPv3 Views

SNMPv3 views are used to restrict user access to specified portions of the MIB tree. The predefined view “defaultview” includes access to the entire MIB tree.

Command Attributes

• View Name – The name of the SNMP view. (Range: 1-64 characters)

• View OID Subtrees – Shows the currently configured object identifiers of branches within the MIB tree that define the SNMP view.

• Edit OID Subtrees – Allows you to configure the object identifiers of branches within the MIB tree. Wild cards can be used to mask a specific portion of the OID string.

• Type – Indicates if the object identifier of a branch within the MIB tree is included or excluded from the SNMP view.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Views. Click New to configure a new view. In the New View page, define a name and specify OID subtrees in the switch MIB to be included or excluded in the view. Click Back to save the new view and return to the SNMPv3 Views list. For a specific view, click on View OID Subtrees to display the current configuration, or click on Edit OID Subtrees to make changes to the view settings. To delete a view, check the box next to the view name, then click Delete.

Figure 3-32 Configuring SNMPv3 Views

3-45

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Use the snmp-server view command to configure a new view. This example view includes the MIB-2 interfaces table, and the wildcard mask selects all index entries..

Console(config)#snmp-server view ifEntry.a 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1.* included4-115 Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp view4-116 View Name: ifEntry.a Subtree OID: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1.* View Type: included Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: active

View Name: readaccess Subtree OID: 1.3.6.1.2 View Type: included Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: active

View Name: defaultview Subtree OID: 1 View Type: included Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: active

Console#

User Authentication

You can restrict management access to this switch using the following options:

• User Accounts – Manually configure access rights on the switch for specified users.

• Authentication Settings – Use remote authentication to configure access rights.

• HTTPS Settings – Provide a secure web connection.

• SSH Settings – Provide a secure shell (for secure Telnet access).

• Port Security – Configure secure addresses for individual ports.

• 802.1X – Use IEEE 802.1X port authentication to control access to specific ports.

• IP Filter – Filters management access to the web, SNMP or Telnet interface.

Configuring User Accounts

The guest only has read access for most configuration parameters. However, the administrator has write access for all parameters governing the onboard agent. You should therefore assign a new administrator password as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place.

The default guest name is “guest” with the password “guest.” The default administrator name is “admin” with the password “admin.”

Command Attributes

• Account List – Displays the current list of user accounts and associated access levels. (Defaults: admin, and guest)

3-46

User Authentication

• New Account – Displays configuration settings for a new account.

- User Name – The name of the user. (Maximum length: 8 characters; maximum number of users: 16)

- Access Level – Specifies the user level. (Options: Normal and Privileged)

- Password – Specifies the user password. (Range: 0-8 characters plain text, case sensitive)

• Change Password – Sets a new password for the specified user name.

• Add/Remove – Adds or removes an account from the list.

Web – Click Security, User Accounts. To configure a new user account, specify a user name, select the user’s access level, then enter a password and confirm it. Click Add to save the new user account and add it to the Account List. To change the password for a specific user, enter the user name and new password, confirm the password by entering it again, then click Apply.

Figure 3-33 Access Levels

CLI – Assign a user name to access-level 15 (i.e., administrator), then specify the password.

Console(config)#username bob access-level 15 4-25 Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith Console(config)#

3-47

Configuring the Switch

Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication

Use the Authentication Settings menu to restrict management access based on specified user names and passwords. You can manually configure access rights on the switch, or you can use a remote access authentication server based on RADIUS or TACACS+ protocols.

Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) and Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) are logon

Web Telnet

authentication protocols that use software running on a central server to control access to RADIUS-aware or TACACS-aware devices on the network. An authentication

RADIUS/ TACACS+ server

1. Client attempts management access.

2. Switch contacts authentication server.

3. Authentication server challenges client.

4. Client responds with proper password or key.

5. Authentication server approves access.

6. Switch grants management access.

server contains a database of multiple user name/password pairs with associated privilege levels for each user that requires management access to the switch.

RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery, while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server, while TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet.

Command Usage

• By default, management access is always checked against the authentication database stored on the local switch. If a remote authentication server is used, you must specify the authentication sequence and the corresponding parameters for the remote authentication protocol. Local and remote logon authentication control management access via the console port, web browser, or Telnet.

• RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication assign a specific privilege level for each user name/password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level must be configured on the authentication server.

• You can specify up to three authentication methods for any user to indicate the authentication sequence. For example, if you select (1) RADIUS, (2) TACACS and (3) Local, the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted using the TACACS+ server, and finally the local user name and password is checked.

console

3-48

User Authentication

Command Attributes

• Authentication – Select the authentication, or authentication sequence required:

- Local – User authentication is performed only locally by the switch.

- Radius – User authentication is performed using a RADIUS server only.

- TACACS – User authentication is performed using a TACACS+ server only.

- [authentication sequence] – User authentication is performed by up to three authentication methods in the indicated sequence.

• RADIUS Settings

- Global – Provides globally applicable RADIUS settings.

- ServerIndex – Specifies one of five RADIUS servers that may be configured. The switch attempts authentication using the listed sequence of servers. The process ends when a server either approves or denies access to a user.

- Server Port Number – Network (UDP) port of authentication server used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 1812)

- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)

- Number of Server Transmits – Number of times the switch tries to authenticate logon access via the authentication server. (Range: 1-30; Default: 2)

- Timeout for a reply – The number of seconds the switch waits for a reply from the RADIUS server before it resends the request. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 5)

• TACACS Settings

- Server IP Address – Address of the TACACS+ server. (Default: 10.11.12.13)

- Server Port Number – Network (TCP) port of TACACS+ server used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 49)

- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)

Note:

The local switch user database has to be set up by manually entering user names and passwords using the CLI. (See “username” on page 4-25)

3-49

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click Security, Authentication Settings. To configure local or remote authentication preferences, specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to three methods), fill in the parameters for RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication if selected, and click Apply.

Figure 3-34 Authentication Settings

3-50

User Authentication

CLI – Specify all the required parameters to enable logon authentication.

Console(config)#authentication login radius 4-71 Console(config)#radius-server port 181 4-74 Console(config)#radius-server key green 4-75 Console(config)#radius-server retransmit 5 4-75 Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10 4-76 Console(config)#radius-server 1 host 192.168.1.25 4-74 Console(config)#end Console#show radius-server 4-76

Remote RADIUS server configuration:

Global settings: Communication key with RADIUS server: ***** Server port number: 181 Retransmit times: 5 Request timeout: 10

Server 1: Server IP address: 192.168.1.25 Communication key with RADIUS server: ***** Server port number: 1812 Retransmit times: 2 Request timeout: 5

Console#configure Console(config)#authentication login tacacs 4-71 Console(config)#tacacs-server host 10.20.30.40 4-77 Console(config)#tacacs-server port 200 4-77 Console(config)#tacacs-server key green 4-78 Console#show tacacs-server 4-78 Server IP address: 10.20.30.40 Communication key with tacacs server: green Server port number: 200 Console(config)#

3-51

Configuring the Switch

Configuring HTTPS

You can configure the switch to enable the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an encrypted connection) to the switch’s web interface.

Command Usage

• Both the HTTP and HTTPS service can be enabled independently on the switch. However, you cannot configure both services to use the same UDP port.

• If you enable HTTPS, you must indicate this in the URL that you specify in your browser: https://device[:port_number]

• When you start HTTPS, the connection is established in this way:

- The client authenticates the server using the server’s digital certificate.

- The client and server negotiate a set of security protocols to use for the

connection.

- The client and server generate session keys for encrypting and decrypting data.

• The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection. A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.x or above and Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above.

• The following web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS:

Table 3-5 HTTPS System Support

Web Browser Operating System

Internet Explorer 5.0 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),

Netscape Navigator 6.2 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),

Windows 2000, Windows XP

Windows 2000, Windows XP, Solaris 2.6

• To specify a secure-site certificate, see “Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate” on page 3-53.

Command Attributes

• HTTPS Status – Allows you to enable/disable the HTTPS server feature on the switch.

(Default: Enabled)

•

Change HTTPS Port Number – Specifies the UDP port number used for HTTPS connection to the switch’s web interface. (Default: Port 443)

Web – Click Security, HTTPS Settings. Enable HTTPS and specify the port number, then click Apply.

Figure 3-35 HTTPS Settings

3-52

User Authentication

CLI – This example enables the HTTP secure server and modifies the port number.

Console(config)#ip http secure-server 4-30 Console(config)#ip http secure-port 443 4-31 Console(config)#

Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate

When you log onto the web interface using HTTPS (for secure access), a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate appears for the switch. By default, the certificate that Netscape and Internet Explorer display will be associated with a warning that the site is not recognized as a secure site. This is because the certificate has not been signed by an approved certification authority. If you want this warning to be replaced by a message confirming that the connection to the switch is secure, you must obtain a unique certificate and a private key and password from a recognized certification authority.

Caution: For maximum security, we recommend you obtain a unique Secure Sockets

Layer certificate at the earliest opportunity. This is because the default certificate for the switch is not unique to the hardware you have purchased.

When you have obtained these, place them on your TFTP server, and use the following command at the switch's command-line interface to replace the default (unrecognized) certificate with an authorized one:

Console#copy tftp https-certificate 4-64 TFTP server ip address: <server ip-address> Source certificate file name: <certificate file name> Source private file name: <private key file name> Private password: <password for private key>

The switch must be reset for the new certificate to be activated. To reset the

Note:

switch, type:

Console#reload

3-53

Configuring the Switch

Configuring the Secure Shell

The Berkley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows and other environments. These tools, including commands such as rlogin (remote login), rsh (remote shell), and rcp (remote copy), are not secure from hostile attacks.

The Secure Shell (SSH) includes server/client applications intended as a secure replacement for the older Berkley remote access tools. SSH can also provide remote management access to this switch as a secure replacement for Telnet. When the client contacts the switch via the SSH protocol, the switch generates a public-key that the client uses along with a local user name and password for access authentication. SSH also encrypts all data transfers passing between the switch and SSH-enabled management station clients, and ensures that data traveling over the network arrives unaltered.

Note: You need to install an SSH client on the management station to access the switch

for management via the SSH protocol.

Note: The switch supports both SSH Version 1.5 and 2.0 clients.

Command Usage

The SSH server on this switch supports both password and public key authentication. If password authentication is specified by the SSH client, then the password can be authenticated either locally or via a RADIUS or TACACS+ remote authentication server, as specified on the Authentication Settings page (3-48). If public key authentication is specified by the client, then you must configure authentication keys on both the client and the switch as described in the following section. Note that regardless of whether you use public key or password authentication, you still have to generate authentication keys on the switch (SSH Host Key Settings) and enable the SSH server (Authentication Settings).

To use the SSH server, complete these steps:

1. Generate a Host Key Pair – On the SSH Host Key Settings page, create a host

public/private key pair.

2. Provide Host Public Key to Clients – Many SSH client programs automatically

import the host public key during the initial connection setup with the switch. Otherwise, you need to manually create a known hosts file on the management station and place the host public key in it. An entry for a public key in the known hosts file would appear similar to the following example:

10.1.0.54 1024 35 15684995401867669259333946775054617325313674890836547254 15020245593199868544358361651999923329781766065830956 10825913212890233 76546801726272571413428762941301196195566782 59566410486957427888146206 51941746772984865468615717739390164779355942303577413098022737087794545 24083971752646358058176716709574804776117

3-54

User Authentication

3. Import Client’s Public Key to the Switch – Use the copy tftp public-key

command (4-64) to copy a file containing the public key for all the SSH client’s granted management access to the switch. (Note that these clients must be configured locally on the switch via the User Accounts page as described on 3-46.) The clients are subsequently authenticated using these keys. The current firmware only accepts public key files based on standard UNIX format as shown in the following example for an RSA Version 1 key:

1024 35 1341081685609893921040944920155425347631641921872958921143173880 05553616163105177594083868631109291232226828519254374603100937187721199 69631781366277414168985132049117204830339254324101637997592371449011938 00609025394840848271781943722884025331159521348610229029789827213532671 31629432532818915045306393916643 steve@192.168.1.19

4. Set the Optional Parameters – On the SSH Settings page, configure the

optional parameters, including the authentication timeout, the number of retries, and the server key size.

5. Enable SSH Service – On the SSH Settings page, enable the SSH server on

the switch.

6. Challenge-Response Authentication – When an SSH client attempts to contact

the switch, the SSH server uses the host key pair to negotiate a session key and encryption method. Only clients that have a private key corresponding to the public keys stored on the switch can access. The following exchanges take place during this process:

a. The client sends its public key to the switch. b. The switch compares the client's public key to those stored in memory. c. If a match is found, the switch uses the public key to encrypt a random

sequence of bytes, and sends this string to the client.

d. The client uses its private key to decrypt the bytes, and sends the

decrypted bytes back to the switch.

e. The switch compares the decrypted bytes to the original bytes it sent. If the

two sets match, this means that the client's private key corresponds to an authorized public key, and the client is authenticated.

Notes: 1.

To use SSH with only password authentication, the host public key must still be given to the client, either during initial connection or manually entered into the known host file. However, you do not need to configure the client’s keys.

2. The SSH server supports up to four client sessions. The maximum number

of client sessions includes both current Telnet sessions and SSH sessions.

3-55

Configuring the Switch

Configuring the SSH Server

The SSH server includes basic settings for authentication.

Field Attributes

• SSH Server Status – Allows you to enable/disable the SSH server on the switch. (Default: Disabled)

• Version – The Secure Shell version number. Version 2.0 is displayed, but the switch supports management access via either SSH Version 1.5 or 2.0 clients.

• SSH Authentication Timeout – Specifies the time interval in seconds that the SSH server waits for a response from a client during an authentication attempt. (Range: 1-120 seconds; Default: 120 seconds)

• SSH Authentication Retries – Specifies the number of authentication attempts that a client is allowed before authentication fails and the client has to restart the authentication process. (Range: 1-5 times; Default: 3)

• SSH Server-Key Size – Specifies the SSH server key size. (Range: 512-896 bits; Default:768)

- The server key is a private key that is never shared outside the switch.

- The host key is shared with the SSH client, and is fixed at 1024 bits.

Web – Click Security, SSH, Settings. Enable SSH and adjust the authentication parameters as required, then click Apply. Note that you must first generate the host key pair on the SSH Host-Key Settings page before you can enable the SSH server.

3-56

Figure 3-36 SSH Server Settings

User Authentication

CLI – This example enables SSH, sets the authentication parameters, and displays the current configuration. It shows that the administrator has made a connection via SHH, and then disables this connection.

Console(config)#ip ssh server 4-35 Console(config)#ip ssh timeout 100 4-36 Console(config)#ip ssh authentication-retries 5 4-37 Console(config)#ip ssh server-key size 512 4-37 Console(config)#end Console#show ip ssh 4-40 SSH Enabled - version 2.0 Negotiation timeout: 120 secs; Authentication retries: 5 Server key size: 512 bits Console#show ssh 4-40 Connection Version State Username Encryption 0 2.0 Session-Started admin ctos aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 stoc aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 Console#disconnect 0 4-18 Console#

Generating the Host Key Pair

A host public/private key pair is used to provide secure communications between an SSH client and the switch. After generating this key pair, you must provide the host public key to SSH clients and import the client’s public key to the switch as described in the proceeding section (Command Usage).

Field Attributes

• Public-Key of Host-Key – The public key for the host.

• RSA (Version 1): The first field indicates the size of the host key (e.g., 1024), the second field is the encoded public exponent (e.g., 65537), and the last string is the encoded modulus.

• DSA (Version 2): The first field indicates that the encryption method used by SSH is based on the Digital Signature Standard (DSS). The last string is the encoded modulus.

• Host-Key Type – The key type used to generate the host key pair (i.e., public and private keys). (Range: RSA (Version 1), DSA (Version 2), Both: Default: RSA)

The SSH server uses RSA or DSA for key exchange when the client first establishes a connection with the switch, and then negotiates with the client to select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption.

• Save Host-Key from Memory to Flash – Saves the host key from RAM (i.e., volatile memory to flash memory. Otherwise, the host key pair is stored to RAM by default. Note that you must select this item prior to generating the host-key pair.

• Generate – This button is used to generate the host key pair. Note that you must first generate the host key pair before you can enable the SSH server on the SSH Server Settings page.

• Clear – This button clears the host key from both volatile memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory (Flash).

3-57

Tp-link TL-SG5426 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

Key Features

Description of Software Features

System Defaults

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

Required Connections

Basic Configuration

Remote Connections

Console Connection

Setting Passwords

Setting an IP Address

Enabling SNMP Management Access

Saving Configuration Settings

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch

Using the Web Interface

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Home Page

Configuration Options

Panel Display

Main Menu

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

Managing System Files

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

Enabling Jumbo Frames

Managing Firmware

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

Console Port Settings

Telnet Settings

Configuring Event Logging

Renumbering the System

Resetting the System

Setting the System Clock

Simple Network Management Protocol

Setting Community Access Strings

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types

Enabling SNMP Agent Status

Configuring SNMPv3 Management Access

Configuring SNMPv3 Users

Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users

Configuring SNMPv3 Groups

Setting SNMPv3 Views

User Authentication

Configuring User Accounts

Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication

Configuring HTTPS

Configuring the Secure Shell