This is the mark of the Japan Surveying
Instruments Manufacturers Association.
DL-501
• Thank you for selecting the DL-501 Advanced/Standard.
• Please read this operator’s manual carefully before using this product.
• Verify that all equipment is included.
"23. STANDARD EQUIPMENT"
• DL-501 has a function to output data to a connected host computer. Command
operations from a host computer can also be performed. For details, refer to
"Communication Manual" and ask your local dealer.
• The specifications and general appearance of the instrument are subject to
change without prior notice and without obligation by TOPCON CORPORATION
and may differ from those appearing in this manual.
• The content of this manual is subject to change without notice.
• Some of the diagrams shown in this manual may be simplified for easier
understanding.
HOW TO READ THIS MANUAL
Symbols
The following conventions are used in this manual.
Indicates precautions and important items which should be read before
:
operations.
[Softkey] etc.: Indicates softkeys on the display and window dialog buttons.
{Key} etc.: Indicates keys on the operation panel.
<Screen title> etc.: Indicates screen titles.
Notes regarding manual style
• Except where stated, “DL" means DL-501 Advanced and DL-501 Standard in this manual.
• Screens and illustrations appearing in this manual are of DL-501 Advanced.
• Learn basic operations in "3. PRODUCT OUTLINE" and "4. BASIC OPERATION" before you read
each measurement procedure. For selecting options and inputting figures, see "4.1 Basic Key
Operation".
• Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
• All company and product names featured in this manual are trademarks or registered trademarks of
each respective organization.
: Indicates the chapter title to refer to for additional information.
: Indicates supplementary explanation.
: Indicates an explanation for a particular term or operation.
ii
CONTENTS
1. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION ................. 1
For the safe use of the product and prevention of injury to operators and other persons as well as
prevention of property damage, items which should be observed are indicated by an exclamation point
within a triangle used with WARNING and CAUTION statements in this operator’s manual.
The definitions of the indications are listed below. Be sure you understand them before reading the
manual’s main text.
Definition of Indication
General
WARNING
CAUTION
This symbol indicates items for which caution (hazard warnings inclusive) is urged.
Specific details are printed in or near the symbol.
This symbol indicates items which are prohibited. Specific details are printed in or near
the symbol.
This symbol indicates items which must always be performed. Specific details are printed
in or near the symbol.
Warning
Do not use the unit in areas exposed to high amounts of dust or ash, in areas where there
is inadequate ventilation, or near combustible materials. An explosion could occur.
Do not perform disassembly or rebuilding. Fire, electric shock, or burns could result.
Never look at the sun through the telescope. Loss of eyesight could result.
Do not look at reflected sunlight from a prism or other reflecting object through the
telescope. Loss of eyesight could result.
When securing the instrument in the carrying case make sure that all catches, including
the side catches, are closed. Failure to do so could result in the instrument falling out
while being carried, causing injury.
Ignoring this indication and making an operation error could possibly
result in death or serious injury to the operator.
Ignoring this indication and making an operation error could possibly
result in personal injury or property damage.
Caution
Do not use the carrying case as a footstool. The case is slippery and unstable so a
person could slip and fall off it.
Do not place the instrument in a case with a damaged catch, belt or handle. The case or
instrument could be dropped and cause injury.
1
1. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION
Staff
Caution
Do not use under thunderous weather conditions. The staff is conductive and if struck by
lightning, death or injury could result.
Handle with care when using near high voltage cables or transformers. The staff is
conductive and contact could result in electric shock.
Power Supply
Warning
Do not short circuit. Heat or ignition could result.
Do not disassemble, rebuild, mutilate, incinerate, heat or short circuit the battery and
charger. Fire, electric shock, burns or an explosion could result.
Do not use voltage other than the specified power supply voltage. Fire or electrical shock
could result.
Do not use batteries other than those designated. An explosion could occur, or abnormal
heat generated, leading to fire.
Do not use damaged power cords, plugs or loose outlets. Fire or electric shock could
result.
Do not place articles such as clothing on the battery charger while charging batteries.
Sparks could be induced, leading to fire.
Use only the specified battery charger to recharge batteries. Other chargers may be of
different voltage rating or polarity, causing sparking which could lead to fire or burns.
Do not heat or throw batteries into fire. An explosion could occur, resulting in injury.
Do not use the battery, charger or AC (power) cable for any other equipment or purpose.
Fire or burns caused by ignition could result.
To prevent shorting of the battery in storage, apply insulating tape or equivalent to the
terminals. Otherwise shorting could occur resulting in fire or burns.
Do not use batteries or the battery charger if wet. Resultant shorting could lead to fire or
burns.
Do not connect or disconnect power supply plugs with wet hands. Electric shock could
result.
Caution
Do not touch liquid leaking from batteries. Harmful chemicals could cause burns or
blisters.
2
Tripod
Caution
When mounting the instrument to the tripod, tighten the centering screw securely. Failure
to tighten the screw properly could result in the instrument falling off the tripod, causing
injury.
Tighten securely the leg fixing screws of the tripod on which the instrument is mounted.
Failure to tighten the screws could result in the tripod collapsing, causing injury.
Do not carry the tripod with the tripod shoes pointed at other persons. A person could be
injured if struck by the tripod shoes.
Keep hands and feet away from the tripod shoes when fixing the tripod in the ground. A
hand or foot stab wound could result.
Tighten the leg fixing screws securely before carrying the tripod. Failure to tighten the
screws could lead to the tripod legs extending, causing injury.
Remote Trigger (DLC1A)
Caution
Do not leave batteries within reach of small children. If swallowed, consult a physician
immediately.
Bluetooth wireless technology
1. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION
Warning
Do not use within the vicinity of hospitals. Malfunction of medical equipment could
result.
Use the instrument at a distance of at least 22 cm from anyone with a cardiac
pacemaker. Otherwise, the pacemaker may be adversely affected by the
electromagnetic waves produced and cease to operate as normal.
Do not use onboard aircraft. The aircraft instrumentation may malfunction as a result.
Do not use within the vicinity of automatic doors, fire alarms and other devices with
automatic controls as the electromagnetic waves produced may adversely affect
operation resulting in an accident.
3
2. PRECAUTIONS
Precautions concerning water and dust resistance
DL conforms to IP54 specifications for waterproofing and dust resistance when the battery cover,
External interface hatch, and Multi Port cap is closed.
• Make sure that moisture or dust particles do not come in contact with the terminal or connectors.
Operating the instrument with moisture or dust on the terminal or connectors may cause damage to
the instrument.
• Be sure to correctly attach the connector cap to protect the DL from moisture and dust particles
when the connector is not in use.
• Make sure that the inside of the carrying case and the instrument are dry before closing the case.
If moisture is trapped inside the case, it may cause the instrument to rust.
The Lithium Battery
The lithium battery is used to maintain the DL Calendar & Clock function. It can back up data for
approximately 5 years of normal use and storage (Temperature = 20°, humidity = about 50%), but its
lifetime may be shorter depending on circumstances. When the voltage of the lithium battery has
decreased, or the battery itself is depleted the date/time may not be displayed correctly and an error
message "The battery for the clock function needs to be replaced." will be displayed.
For details on replacing lithium batteries contact your local dealer.
Backing up data
Data should be backed up (transferred to an external device etc.) on a regular basis to prevent data
loss.
Other precautions
• Never place the instrument directly on the ground. Sand or dust may cause damage to the screw
holes or the centering screw on the base plate.
• Protect the instrument from heavy shocks or vibration.
• Protect the instrument from rain or drizzle with an umbrella or waterproof cover.
• When the operator leaves the instrument attached to the tripod, the vinyl cover should be placed on
the instrument.
• Never carry the instrument on the tripod to another site.
• Turn the power off before removing the battery.
• Remove the battery before placing the DL in its case.
• Make sure that the instrument and the protective lining of the carrying case are dry before closing
the case. The case is hermetically sealed and if moisture is trapped inside, the instrument could
rust.
• Consult your local dealer before using the instrument under special conditions such as long periods
of continuous use or high levels of humidity. In general, special conditions are treated as being
outside the scope of the product warranty.
Maintenance
• Wipe off moisture completely if the instrument gets wet during survey work.
• Always clean the instrument before returning it to the case. The lens requires special care. First,
dust it off with the lens brush to remove tiny particles. Then, after providing a little condensation by
breathing on the lens, wipe it with the wiping cloth.
4
2. PRECAUTIONS
• If the display is dirty, carefully wipe it with a soft, dry cloth. To clean other parts of the instrument or
the carrying case, lightly moisten a soft cloth in a mild detergent solution. Wring out excess water
until the cloth is slightly damp, then carefully wipe the surface of the unit. Do not use any alkaline
cleaning solutions, alcohol, or any other organic solvents on the instrument or display.
• Store the instrument in a dry room where the temperature remains fairly constant.
• Check the tripod for loose fit and loose screws.
• If any trouble is found on the rotatable portion, screws or optical parts (e.g. lens), contact your local
dealer.
• When the instrument is not used for a long time, check it at least once every 3 months.
"21. CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS"
• When removing the instrument from the carrying case, never pull it out by force. The empty carrying
case should be closed to protect it from moisture.
• Check the instrument for proper adjustment periodically to maintain the instrument accuracy.
Exceptions from responsibility
• The user of this product is expected to follow all operating instructions and make periodic checks
(hardware only) of the product’s performance.
• The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes no responsibility for results of faulty or intentional
usage or misuse including any direct, indirect, consequential damage, or loss of profits.
• The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes no responsibility for consequential damage, or
loss of profits due to any natural disaster, (earthquake, storms, floods etc.), fire, accident, or an act
of a third party and/or usage under unusual conditions.
• The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes no responsibility for any damage (change of
data, loss of data, loss of profits, an interruption of business etc.) caused by use of the product or
an unusable product.
• The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes no responsibility for any damage, and loss of
profits caused by usage different to that explained in the operator’s manual.
• The manufacturer, or its representatives, assumes no responsibility for damage caused by incorrect
operation, or action resulting from connecting to other products.
5
3. PRODUCT OUTLINE
13
12
11
10
9
8
5
4
2
1
6
7
3
22
20
19
17
15
14
18
16
21
3.1Parts of the Instrument
Parts of the instrument (DL-501 Advanced)
1Handle
2Focusing knob
3Keyboard
4Measure key
5Leveling foot screw
6Base plate
7Horizontal circle positioning ring
8Horizontal circle
9 Waterproof Multi Port
10Beam detector for Remote trigger
11Eyepiece screw
12 Display
13 View finder
14 View finder eyepiece screw
15 Circular level
16 Bubble mirror
17 Horizontal fine motion knobs (both
sides)
18External interface hatch
SD card slot
" SD card slot"
USB port
19 Battery cover
20Objective lens
21Bluetooth antenna (option)
22 View finder axis alignment screw
6
3. PRODUCT OUTLINE
1
Parts of the instrument (DL-501 Standard)
1Simple finder
• All other parts are identical to DL-501 Advanced.
Functions of the instrument
SD card slot
The DL supports SD/SDHC cards (hereafter referred to collectively as "SD card" unless
otherwise stated) for data write only. The SD card slot is located in the external interface hatch.
Inserting an SD card
An SD card should be inserted with the contacts facing downwards.
Removing an SD card
Push an inserted SD card further into the slot and release to eject.
7
3. PRODUCT OUTLINE
3.2Mode Structure
The diagram below describes the different modes of the DL and key operations for navigating between
them.
Job: JOB1
Route: ec.remainder
DL-501 Adv
Meas.pt: 9995
S/N 999999
Start info: 997 ( 99)
Appli :Ver.XXXX-XX-XX
Fixed pt: 1997( 98)
Sensor:Ver.XXXX-XX-XX
Feb/03/2012 14:23:34
Status ScreenTilt Screen
{ESC}
{ESC}
[OK]
[TILT]
OK
Rh
Hd S
TILTMENUFOCUS
Meas mode
[MENU]
{ESC}
Menu
1.Meas
2.Management
3.Config
4.Calculation
1.Meas
2.Management
{ESC}
3.Config
4.Calculation
Meas menu
1.Height dif.
2.Check & adjust.
3.Simple measurement
Management menu
1.JOB
2.Route
3.Known point data
4.Simple meas. data
Config menu
Config menu
1.Obs.condition
2.Instr.config
3.Comms setup
4.Tilt offset
5.Unit
Calculation menu
1.Dble-run discrePancy
2.Closure error
3.Reobs.route merge
.
8
3. PRODUCT OUTLINE
3.3
• Bluetooth communication is only possible with instruments incorporating the Bluetooth module.
• Use of this technology must be authorized according to telecommunications regulations of the
country where the instrument is being used. Contact your local dealer in advance.
Bluetooth
Wireless Technology
"26. REGULATIONS"
• TOPCON CORPORATION is not liable for the content of any transmission nor any content related
thereto. When communicating important data, run tests beforehand to ascertain that communication
is operating normally.
• Do not divulge the content of any transmission to any third party.
Radio interference when using Bluetooth technology
Bluetooth communication with the DL uses the 2.4 GHz frequency band. This is the same band used
by the devices described below.
•Industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment such as microwaves and pacemakers.
• portable premises radio equipment (license required) used in factory production lines etc.
• portable specified low-power radio equipment (license-exempt)
•IEEE802.11b/IEEE802.11g standard wireless LAN devices
The above devices use the same frequency band as Bluetooth communications. As a result, using the
DL within proximity to the above devices may result in interference causing communication failure or
reduction of transmission speed.
Although a radio station license is not required for this instrument, bear in mind the following points
when using Bluetooth technology for communication.
Regarding portable premises radio equipment and portable specified low-power radio
equipment:
• Before starting transmission, check that operation will not take place within the vicinity of portable
premises radio equipment or specified low-power radio equipment.
• In the case that the instrument causes radio interference with portable premises radio equipment,
terminate the connection immediately and take measures to prevent further interference (e.g.
connect using an interface cable).
• In the case that the instrument causes radio interference with portable specified low-power radio
equipment, contact your local dealer.
When using the DL in proximity to IEEE802.11b or IEEE802.11g standard wireless LAN
devices, turn off all devices not being used.
• Interference may result, causing transmission speed to slow or even disrupting the connection
completely. Turn off all devices not being used.
Do not use the DL in proximity to microwaves.
• Microwave ovens can cause significant interference resulting in communication failure. Perform
communication at a distance of 3m or more from microwave ovens.
Refrain from using the DL in proximity to televisions and radios.
• Televisions and radios use a different frequency band to Bluetooth communications.
9
3. PRODUCT OUTLINE
However, even if the DL is used within proximity to the above equipment with no adverse effects
with regard to Bluetooth communication, moving a Bluetooth compatible device (including the DL)
closer to said equipment may result in electronic noise in sound or images, adversely affecting the
performance of televisions and radios.
Precautions regarding transmission
For best results
• The usable range becomes shorter when obstacles block the line of sight, or devices such as PDAs
or computers are used. Wood, glass and plastic will not impede
range becomes shorter. Moreover, wood, glass and plastic containing metal frames, plates, foil and
other heat shielding elements as well as coatings containing metallic powders may adversely affect
Bluetooth
• Use a vinyl or plastic cover to protect the instrument from rain and moisture. Metallic materials
should not be used.
• The direction of the Bluetooth antenna can have adverse effects upon usable range.
Reduced range due to atmospheric conditions
The radio waves used by the DL may be absorbed or scattered by rain, fog, and moisture from the
human body with the limit of usable range becoming lower as a result. Similarly, usable range may
also shorten when performing communication in wooded areas. Moreover, as wireless devices lose
signal strength when close to the ground, perform communication at as high a position as possible.
communication and concrete, reinforced concrete, and metal will render it impossible.
communication but the usable
10
4. BASIC OPERATION
OFF
{0} to {9}
{ }
{ } { } { }
{ }
{ }
{ }
{.} to {+/-}
Display
{FUNC}
{BS}
{SFT}
{ESC}
Softkey selection
Measure key
Learn basic key operations here before you read each measurement procedure.
4.1Basic Key Operation
Power ON/OFF
{} (Press and hold)
{} while pressing {}
Switchingscreen/key backlight ON/OFF
{}Switches the screen backlight/key backlight ON/OFF
Power ON
Power OFF
Measurement (Auto Focus)
Automatically focuses on the staff and starts measurement. (DL-
Softkeys are displayed on the bottom line of the screen.
{F1} to {F4}Select the function matching the softkeys
{FUNC}Toggle between softkey pages
Inputting letters/figures
{SFT}Switch between numeric and alphabetic (upper/lower case)
characters.
{0} to {9}Input numeral or symbol printed above the key (during numeric
input mode)
Input alphabetic character in the order they are listed (in
alphabetic input mode)
{.}Input a decimal point (during numeric input mode)
{+/-}Input a plus or minus sign (during numeric input mode)
{}/{}Right and left cursor/Select other option.
{ESC}Cancel the input data.
11
4. BASIC OPERATION
OK
Route id
: ROUTE M
Memo
:
:
A
{BS}Delete a character on the left.
{}Select/accept input word/value.
Selecting options
{
}/{}Move the cursor/selection item up/down
{}/{}Move the cursor/selection item left/right or select other option
{}Select/accept the option
Other operation
{ESC}Return to previous screen
Example :Entering "Route M" in the Route ID field
1. Press {6} three times.
"R" is displayed.
2. Press {5} three times.
"O" is displayed.
3. Press {1} three times.
"U" is displayed.
4. Press {} once.
5. Press {1} twice.
"T" is displayed.
6. Press {8} twice.
"E" is displayed.
7. Press {} twice.
Input a blank space.
8. Press {5} once.
"M" is displayed. Press { } to complete
inputting.
.
12
4. BASIC OPERATION
{MEAS}
{ENT}
{ESC}
Beam source
Key panel
Remote operation
Key operation for Remote trigger (DLC1A)
DLC1A comes as standard with the DL-501 Advanced and is an optional accessory for the DL-501
Standard.
"4.1 Basic Key Operation"
The DL is operated from the Remote trigger by pointing the Remote trigger beam at the DL and
pressing the required operation keys.
• When sunlight shines directly into the Beam detector on the DL, remote operation with the Remote
trigger may not work correctly.
13
4. BASIC OPERATION
• If other DLC1A-compatible instruments are turned ON and placed within the operating range of the
Remote trigger, they may be unintentionally operated at the same time.
• Do not place the Remote trigger under heavy objects or in a tight space. A key may be continuously
depressed and deplete battery power.
• Working duration shortens under low temperatures.
{MEAS}Performs same operation as Measure key on the
DL
{ENT}Same operation as {} on DL
{ESC}Same operation as {ESC} on DL
* 4 Remaining battery power (BDC58/70, Temperature=25°C)
: level 3 Full power.
: level 2 Plenty of power remains.
: level 1 Half or less power remains.
: level 0 Little power remains. Prepare replacement battery where available.
15
4. BASIC OPERATION
"Battery low! Please charge battery." (with audio tone) displayed alternately with current screen
: No power remains.
Stop measurement and save data. Then turn the instrument off and charge the battery.
"5.1 Battery Charging"
*5 Bluetooth communication status
: Connection established
(flashing):Waiting
(flashing): Disconnecting
:DL Bluetooth device is OFF
*6 Input mode
A :Inputting capital letters
a :Inputting small letters
1 :Inputting numeric characters
16
5. USING THE BATTERY
Guides
Slot 1
Slot 2
Charging
lamp
Grooves
Types of power source: "22. POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM"
5.1Battery Charging
The battery was not charged at the factory. Charge the battery fully before using the DL.
• The charger will become rather hot during use. This is normal.
• Do not use to charge batteries other than those specified.
• The charger is for indoor use only. Do not use outdoors.
• Batteries cannot be charged, even when the charging lamp is flashing, when the temperature is
outside the charging temperature range.
• Remove batteries from the charger before putting into storage.
• When not in use, disconnect the power cable plug from the wall outlet.
PROCEDURE
1. Connect the power cable (EDC113A/113B/
113C) to the charger (CDC68/68A) and plug
the charger into the wall outlet.
2. Mount the battery in the charger by matching
the grooves on the battery with the guides on
the charger.
3. When charging starts, the lamp starts blinking.
4. The lamp lights when charging is finished.
5. Remove the battery and unplug the charger.
17
5. USING THE BATTERY
• Slots 1 and 2:
The charger starts charging the battery mounted first. If you place two batteries in the charger, the
battery in slot 1 is charged first, and then the battery in slot 2. ( step 2)
• Charging lamp:
The charging lamp is off when the charger is outside the charging temperature range or when the
battery is mounted incorrectly. If the lamp is still off after the charger falls within its charging
temperature range and the battery is mounted again, contact your local dealer. (steps 2 and 3)
• Charging time per battery (at 25°C):
BDC58: about 4 hours
BDC70: about 5.5 hours
(Charging can take longer than the times stated above when temperatures are either especially
high or low.)
5.2Installing/Removing the Battery
Mount the charged battery.
BDC46C and battery adapter SB178 are optional accessories.
• Before removing the battery, turn off the power to the instrument.Settings, and file and folder data
may be lost if the battery is removed while the power is switched on.
• When installing/removing the battery, make sure that moisture or dust particles do not come in
contact with the inside of the instrument.
• Remove batteries from the instrument or charger before putting into storage.
• Store the battery in a dry room where the temperature is within the following ranges
Storage periodTemperature range
1 week or less-20 to 50°C
1 week to 1 month-20 to 45°C
1 month to 6 months-20 to 40°C
6 months to 1 year-20 to 35°C
For long-term storage, the battery should be charged at least once every six months.
• The BDC58/70 generates power using a chemical reaction and as a result has a limited lifetime.
Even when in storage and not used for long periods, battery capacity deteriorates with the passage
of time. This may result in the operating time of the battery shortening despite having been charged
correctly. In this event, a new battery is required.
18
PROCEDURE Mounting the battery
Battery cover
Catch
Battery
Release
lever
1. Push the catch on the battery cover away from
the objective lens.
2. Insert the battery in the direction of the arrow
on the side of the battery.
3. Close the battery cover. A click is heard when
the cover is secure.
PROCEDURE Removing the battery
1. Push the catch on the battery cover away from
the objective lens.
5. USING THE BATTERY
2. Push the release lever down. Grip the battery
and slide out.
• If the release lever is not pushed down
completely when removing the BDC46C, the
battery adapter may jam against the release
lever. In this event, push the lever down fully
and remove, or re-insert the battery into the
instrument and try removing again.
3. Close the battery cover. A click is heard when
the cover is secure.
19
5. USING THE BATTERY
Battery notch
PROCEDURE Using the Battery adapter
Insert the BDC46C into the battery adapter (SB178). The battery can now be mounted in the same
way as the BDC58/70.
1. Align the notch in the BDC46C with the SB178
as shown at right. With the terminals-end of
the battery inserted, push until the battery
adapter is fully extended.
2. Slot the top end of the battery into the battery
adapter. The extendable portion of the battery
adapter will automatically retract and hold the
battery in place.
• To remove, grip both sides of the battery towards
the terminals-end and pull out.
• It is possible to charge the BDC46C without
removing from the battery adapter.
20
6. SETTING UP THE INSTRUMENT
Bubble
mirror
• Mount the battery in the instrument before performing this operation because the instrument will tilt
slightly if the battery is mounted after leveling.
6.1Setting Up
PROCEDURE
1. Make sure the legs are spaced at equal
intervals and the head is approximately level.
Set the tripod so that the head is positioned over
the survey point.
Make sure the tripod shoes are firmly fixed in the
ground.
2. Place the instrument on the tripod head.
Supporting with one hand, tighten the centering
screw on the bottom of the unit to make sure it is
secured to the tripod.
6.2Leveling
Instrument can also be levelled using the screen.
“ Leveling on the screen”
The mirror can be used to check the position of the bubble in the tube when it cannot be viewed from
above.
21
6. SETTING UP THE INSTRUMENT
Spherical head
tripod
Centering
screw
Tripod legs
adjustment
PROCEDURE Leveling with the Spherical head tripod
1. Loosen the centering screw.
2. Slide the instrument across the tripod head until
the bubble is centered in the circular level.
3. Tighten the centering screw.
4. Level the DL using the leveling foot screws.
PROCEDURE Leveling with the Flat head tripod
1. Center the bubble in the circular level by either
shortening the tripod leg closest to the offcenter
direction of the bubble or by lengthening the
tripod leg farthest from the offcenter direction of
the bubble.
2. Adjust one more tripod leg until the bubble is
roughly centered.
3. Turn the leveling foot screws while checking the
circular level until the bubble is exactly centered
in the center circle. When you turn a screw
clockwise, raising the instrument, the bubble will
move towards the position of that screw.
22
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