All rights reserved. Reproduction, in whole or in part, forbidden.”
Data subject to change without notice.
No responsibility is assumed for the use of non-genuine components and accessories other than those tested
and approved by the Manufacturer.
C.L.D. - Pontedera (PI)
SERVICE STATION
MANUAL
X9 500 cc
This manual has been designed by Piaggio for use in authorized dealers' and subdealers' workshops.
It is assumed that those who use this publication for maintaining and repairing Piaggio vehicles are familiar with the
principles of mechanics and with vehicle repairing procedures and techniques. Any significant changes to the
characteristics of the vehicles or to specific repairing procedures will be covered in updates of this manual.
Since satisfactory results cannot be obtained without the necessary equipment and tooling, we recommend referring
to the pages of this manual concerning the specific equipment required and to the catalogue of specific tools.
Pieces of particularly important information are identified as follows:
Note: Provides important information intended to simplify and clarify a procedure.
Warning
Caution
NOTE - For any intervention to the engine, refer to the “Service Station Manual” for 500 cc Engines.
- Denotes specific procedures to be used to avoid damaging the vehicle.
- Identifies specific procedures to be followed to avoid injury to repairing personnel.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS
AND OVERHAUL DATA
SPECIFIC TOOLING
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
1
2
3
4
ENGINE
FRONT AND REAR SUSPENSIONS
BRAKING SYSTEM
BODYWORK
5
6
7
8
PREDELIVERY OPERATIONS
TABLE OF WORKING TIMES
9
10
Assembly plays
Vehicle overhaul data
1
(Values in mm)
DIAMETER
MEASURING
HEIGHT
A43.2
B 43
01_004
Mating between piston and cylinder
(Values in mm)
PARTDIMENSIONSMATING CLASSESASSEMBLY
CODECYLINDERPISTONCLEARANCE
Cylinder92
Ø CB91.997 - 92.00491.954 - 91.961
Piston91.961
- 0.010
+ 0.018
+ 0.014
- 0.014
A91.990 - 91.99791.947 - 91.954
C92.004 - 92.01191.961 - 91.968
0.036
-
0.050
Ø PD92.011 - 92.01891.968 - 91.975
The piston must be fitted so that the arrow faces the exhaust side. The piston rings must be fitted so that the marks
face upwards.
Piston rings
Ring opening
Arrange for the
piston rings
opening as shown
Assemble the rings
2 and 3 with the
“Top” writing facing
upwards.
in the figure
“A” value of the ring
inside the cylinder
(Values in mm)
PARTDIMENSIONSCLEARANCESEATCLEARANCE
CODECLEARANCEAFTER USE
1st Compression ring92 x 1.5A0.15 - 0.350.5
2nd Compression ring92 x 1.25A0.25 - 0.500.65
Scraper ring92 x 2.5A0.25 - 0.500.65
01_005
1 - 7
Vehicle overhaul data
SHIMMING METHOD FOR LIMITING THE COMPRESSION RATIO: CR = 10.5 : 1
+
“A” MEASUREMENT
(WITH PISTON AT TDC)
-
N.B.: The “A” measurement is referred to the piston
projection or recess value; it indicates the type of
gasket to be fitted on the cylinder to restore the
compression ratio. Therefore the more the surface
formed by the piston crown sticks out of the surface
formed by the cylinder top, the thicker the gasket will
be. Vice versa, the more the piston crown is hollow to
the cylinder top, the less thick the gasket will be.
FIT THE GASKETS SHOWN IN THE TABLE
ACCORDING TO THE “A” MEASUREMENT
NOTE: THE “A” MEASUREMENT MUST BE TAKEN WITH NO
GASKET FITTED BETWEEN CRANKCASE AND CYLINDER
“A” MEASUREMENTTHICKNESS OF BASE GASKET
- 0.185 - - 0.100.4 ± 0.05
- 0.10 - + 0.100.6 ± 0.05
+ 0.10 - + 0.1850.8 ± 0.05
Crankshaft/crankcase axial clearance 0.1 - 0.5 mm (cold engine)
01_006
1 - 8
01_010
Crankshaft/connecting rod axial clearance
PARTDIMENSIONSCLEARANCE
Web, transmission sideA =0.8
Shaft section, transmission sideB =19.6
Connecting rodC =22
Shaft section, flywheel sideE =19.6
Web, flywheel sideF =13
Crankshaft assemblyG =63.5
± 0.025
+ 0.05
0
- 0.10
- 0.15
+ 0.05
0
± 0.025
+ 0.1
- 0.05
Vehicle overhaul data
1
01_007
D = 0.20 - 0.40
Crankshaft alignment and diameters
- Measure the housings on both axes x and y.
Standard diameter
Class 1 40.010 - 40.016
Class 2 40.016 - 40.022
Max. allowable runout:A = 0.15 mm
B = 0.01 mm
C = 0.010 mm
D = 0.10 mm
01_008
01_009
1 - 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIFIC TOOLING
2
Specific Tooling
Specific tools for Piaggio X9 500 cc 4-stroke 4-valve
RECOMMENDED TOOLS
TOOL NAMEPART NO.
Circlip pliers002465Y
Steering thrust ring removing drift020004Y
Crankshaft aligning tool020074Y
Support for “METABO HG 1500/2” air heater020150Y
“METABO HG 1500/2” air heater020151Y
Mityvac-type vacuum pump020329Y
Stroboscopic gun for two- and four-stroke engines020330Y
Digital multimeter020331Y
Single battery charger020333Y
Multiple battery charger020334Y
Magnetic stand and dial gauge020335Y
Engine support connection020482Y
Engine mount base020527Y
Engine mount revolving base020604Y11
= New tools
2 - 2
Specific Tooling
NECESSARY TOOLS
TOOL NAMEPART NO.
STEERING SEAT FITTING TOOL, to be fitted with parts 9 - Lower001330Y
bearing adaptor, 10 - Upper bearing adaptor
Bell Ø 80 mm001467Y002
20 mm pliers001467Y006
Bell Ø 63 mm001467Y007
18 mm pliers001467Y008
Bell Ø 45 mm001467Y017
Bell Ø 60 mm001467Y031
15 mm pliers001467Y034
Hub bearing extraction bell001467Y035
Steering tube ring spanner020055Y
Oil pressure gauge020193Y
Valve seal rings assembly tool020306Y
37x40 mm adaptor020358Y
42x47 mm adaptor020359Y
52x55 mm adaptor020360Y
20 mm guide (Driven pulley bearings)020363Y
25 mm guide (Driven pulley bearings)020364Y
Ø 28x30 mm adaptor020375Y
Adapter sleeve020376Y
Bushing (valve removing tool)020382Y012
15 mm guide020412Y
Valve oil seal extractor020431Y
Oil pressure gauge unio020434Y
17 mm guide (countershaft bearings)020439Y
Driven half pulley spring compressor020444Y
46-55 mm spanner020444Y009
Ø 24 mm adaptor020456Y
Steering tube lower bearing extractor020458Y
Drift for fitting bearing on steering tube020459Y
Injection tester kit020460Y
Flywheel extractor020467Y
Piston fitting band020468Y
Injection tester reprogramming kit020469Y
Piston pin retainer fitting tool020470Y
Countershaft timing peg020471Y
Flywheel retaining tool020472Y
Clutch bell housing retaining tool020473Y
Drive pulley stop spanner020474Y
Piston position comparator support020475Y
Pillar kit020476Y
Ø 37 mm adaptor020477Y
Driven pulley needle roller drift020478Y
Countershaft stop spanner020479Y
Fuel pressure measuring kit020480Y
Control unit interface wiring harness020481Y
30 mm guide020483Y
Piston stop fork020512Y
Compass wrench (valve lifter bell stop)020565Y
Exhaust gas analyser494929
2
2 - 3
Spark plug
Check and replacement
Maintenance
Warning
is cold. Replace the spark plug every 12,000 km. The
use of unsuitable ignition control units and spark plugs
other than those specified can seriously damage the
engine.
Recommended spark plug: CHAMPION RG 6 YC
- Put the vehicle on the central stand.
- Open the door on the left side of the vehicle by
levering in the recess in the lower part of the door after
removing the screw.
- Disconnect the spark plug HV cable cap.
- Unscrew the spark plug with the spanner provided.
- Check the spark plug to see if the insulator is cracked,
the electrodes are worn out or excessively sooty. Also
check the condition of the seal washer and measure
the spark gap with a suitable thickness gauge.
Spark gap: 0,7 - 0,8 mm
- If necessary adjust the spark gap by carefully bending the side electrode.
If the spark plug has any of the defects mentioned
above, replace it with a plug of the recommended
type.
- Insert the plug into the hole with the proper inclination, screw it in fully by hand and then tighten it with
the specially designed spanner.
Tightening torque: 10 N·m (1 Kg·m)
- Push the spark plug cap all the way down onto the
spark plug and then proceed to the reassembly.
- Remove the spark plug when the engine
NGK CR 7 EKB
03_001
3
03_002
Air filter
- Remove the left-hand lower side panel as described
in Chapter 8-Bodywork.
- Remove the cleaner cap after loosening the eight
fixing screws, including one screw of the knob type.
- Pull out the filter element.
- Replace the air filter with a new one.
Note: Check and if necessary blow the air filter every
6,000 km. Direct the air jet from the inside to the outside
of the filter (i.e. in the opposite direction to the air flow
during normal engine operation).
Warning
roads, the air filter needs to be cleaned and replaced at
shorter intervals than indicated in the Maintenance
Schedule.
Warning
in place as this would result in excessive wear of the
cylinder and piston as well as in damage to the throttle
body.
- If the vehicle is mostly used on dusty
- Do not run the engine if the air filter is not
03_003
03_004
3 - 3
Maintenance
Engine oil level
In four-stroke engines oil is used to lubricate the valve
gear components, the crankshaft bearings and the
power plant. A lack of engine oil can cause seriousdamage to the engine.
In all four-stroke engines, oil deterioration and consumption are, to some extent, normal, especially during
running-in. Consumption partly depends on the riding
style (for example, constantly riding at full throttle
increases oil consumption).
Checking the oil level
Perform this operation when the engine cold, as described below:
1) Put the vehicle on its central stand on a flat surface.
2) Unscrew dipstick «A», dry it with a clean cloth andrefit by screwing it completely.
3) Remove the dipstick again and check that the oil
level is between the MAX and MIN marks on the
dipstick; top up if necessary.
The MAX level mark indicates an amount of about 1700
cc of engine oil.
The level will be lower if checked after using the vehicle
(i.e. when the engine is hot). To obtain a correct
indication of the oil level, wait for at least 10 minutes
after switching off the engine.
Since a certain amount of oil remains in the circuit, the
replenishment must be made by adding approximately
1,500 cc of fresh oil through cap «A». Subsequently
start the engine, let it idle for a few minutes and then
switch it off. After about 5 minutes, check the level and
if necessary top up without exceeding the MAX level.
The filter cartridge must be replaced every time the oil
is changed. For top-ups and renewals use fresh oil of
the Selenia HI Scooter 4 Tech type.
Note: Renew the oil when the engine is hot.
MAX MIN
03_005
Topping up
If the oil level is too low, top up by adding fresh oil
without exceeding the MAX level.
Approximately 400 cc of oil are needed to restore thelevel between the MIN and MAX marks.
Oil pressure warning light
A warning light on the instrument panel comes on when
the ignition key is turned to the “ON” position. The light
must go out after the engine has started.
Should the warning light come on while braking,
idling or cornering, check the oil level and the
lubrication system as soon as possible.
Renewing the oil and the filter
The oil and the filter must be renewed every 6,000 km.
Drain all the oil from the engine by removing gauze
strainer drain plug «B» on the transmission side. To
facilitate the outflow, also remove cap/dipstick «A».
Once the oil has drained completely through the drain
hole, unscrew oil filter cartridge «C» and remove it as
described below.
A
C
03_006
B
03_007
3 - 4
Replacing the filter
Maintenance
Warning
ment. Carry out the disposal of the oil, the gasket and
the filter in accordance with the law.
Caution
hot engine parts.
- Remove the silencer.
- Remove filler plug «A».
- Remove and clean the drain plug gauze strainer with
compressed air.
- Using a strap wrench for filters, remove cartridge
filter «C».
- Ensure that the O-rings on the prefilter and the drain
plug are in good condition.
- Lubricate the O-rings and then refit the gauze strainer
and the oil drain plug. Tighten the drain plug with the
prescribed torque.
- Fit a new cartridge filter after lubricating the O-ring.
Turn in until the gasket makes contact and then
tighten it with the prescribed torque.
- Put the vehicle on the central stand on level ground.
- Unscrew oil dipstick «A», wipe it with a clean cloth,
reinsert it and then screw it in fully.
- Pull out the dipstick again and check that the oil level
is between the MIN and MAX marks (see figure); if the
level is below the MIN mark, top up with oil.
- Reinsert the dipstick and screw it tight.
Renewing the hub oil
- Remove oil filler plug «A».
- Unscrew oil drain plug «B» and drain all the oil.
- Retighten the oil drain plug and then fill the hub with
fresh oil.
Engine cooling
Adding coolant and bleeding air from the system
The level of the fluid must be checked every 6,000 km
when the engine is cold.
Follow these steps:
- Put the vehicle on the central stand on level ground.
- Remove the expansion tank cap and top up if the
coolant is below or near the MIN level in the expansion
tank. The level of the fluid should always be between
the MIN and MAX marks.
- To have an indication of the coolant level, refer to the
groove in the plastic strip that can be seen through the
coolant filler hole. The upper and lower parts of the
groove correspond to the MAX and MIN levels respectively.
- The coolant consists of a 50 percent mixture of
demineralized water and antifreeze solution with a
base of ethylene glycol and corrosion inhibitors.
Total coolant capacity: ~ 1,8 lt
- To check the presence of air in the circuit follow the
procedure described in Chapter 11-Cooling, in the
manual of Engine 500 cc.
- Switch off the engine and allow it to cool down. After
a few minutes, remove the expansion tank cap and
check the level of the fluid.
- If necessary, top up by pouring fresh coolant into the
expansion tank up to the correct level.
03_010
Warning
- To prevent the coolant from leaking out
of the expansion tank during use, be sure to never
exceed the MAX level when refilling.
Water pump
If the water pump becomes noisy or liquid leaks through
the pump drain hole, check the water pump as described in Chapter 5-Flywheel cover of the manuale
Engine 500 cc. Perform the following preliminary operations:
- Put the vehicle on the central stand on level ground.
- Remove the lower right-hand side panel and the
right-hand footboard as described in Chapter 8Bodywork.
- Remove the silencer to gain access to the flywheel
cover as described in Chapter 5-Engine;
- Remove the sleeves from the water pump cover and
the filler cap from the expansion tank and empty the
cooling circuit.
Warning
- Perform the operation when the engine
is cold.
03_011
- As described in the manual Engine 500cc, partially
drain the system and overhaul the pump.
- After solving the problem and refitting all components,
fill and bleed the cooling circuit again.
N.B.: Change the coolant as described in Chapter 11Cooling of the Manual Engine 500 cc
- Remove the water pump cover shown in the figure
after loosening the six fixing screws.
- Cooling circuit capacity: ~ 1,8 lt.
3 - 6
03_013
Adjusting the play of the valves - Checking the valve
gear timing
To adjust the play of the valves and to check the valve
gear timing as described in Chapter 7-Thermal Unit and
Timing system of the Engine manual, follow these
preliminary steps:
- Put the vehicle on the central stand;
- Remove the relevant body sections to gain access to
the pivot fixing the engine to the swingarm (refer to
Chapter 8-Bodywork);
- Support the bottom of the engine, e.g. with a jack;
- Remove the engine from the frame as described in
Chapter 5-Engine;
- Shift the engine backwards to make room for the
removal of the cylinder head cover (until the swingarm
cross member touches the starter motor).
- After adjusting the play of the valves, refit the components by following the reverse procedure to the removal.
Maintenance
03_012
3
Warning
prevent it from touching the stop push button of the
electrohydraulic stand.
Note: The checking areas are shown in the two figures
at the right.
Play of valves:
Intake0,20 mm cold engine
0.15
Exhaust0,20 mm cold engine
0.15
Checking the level
To gain access to the front and rear brake fluid reservoirs, remove the covers on the handlebar cover.
Follow these steps:
- Put the vehicle on the central stand and turn the
handlebar to the central position.
- Remove cap «A» after loosening fixing screw «B».
- Check the level of the fluid through the sight.
A certain decrease in the level of the fluid occurs as a
result of pad wear.
Restoring the brake fluid level
- Do not lower the engine too much to
03_012_4
B
A
03_012_1
Warning
Brake fluid type: TUTELA TOP 4
Use the following procedure:
Remove the «A», covers and the tank cap by unscrewing the two screws, remove the gasket and restore the
brake fluid level with liquid of the recommended type,
without exceeding the max. level.
- Only use brake fluid classified as DOT 4.
03_012_2
3 - 7
Maintenance
Warning
- Keep the brake fluid away from the skin,
the eyes and clothing. In case of contact, rinse generously with water.
Warning
- The brake fluid is highly corrosive. Take
care not to spill it on the paintwork.
Warning
- The brake fluid is hygroscopic, i.e. it
absorbs humidity from the air. If the humidity contained
in the fluid exceeds a given concentration, the braking
action becomes insufficient.
Never draw the fluid from open or partly empty containers.
Under normal climatic conditions the fluid should be
renewed every 20,000 km, or in any case every two
years.
N.B.: Change the brake fluid and bleed the system as
described in Chapter 7-Braking system.
03_012_3
Steering lock
Disassembly with lock turned to “OFF”
- Remove the rear shield as described in Chapter 8-
Bodywork.
- Remove the immobilizer aerial shown in the figure.
- Disconnect the wiring.
- Pull out the retaining spring shown in the figure and
remove the ignition switch.
03_014
3 - 8
03_015
- Push the bolt lightly and extract the retainer from the
70÷73 cm
10 m
milled part shown in the figure.
- Extract the bolt assembly from the lock body.
- To refit, follow the reverse procedure.
Maintenance
03_016
Removal with lock in LOCK position
The bolt retaining spring is not accessible in the LOCK
position. It is then necessary to drill the bolt as show in
the figure to eject it.
Note: To refit the bolt from this position, first disengage
the steering lock by putting the lock body (inner and
outer part) in the OFF position.
Proceed as described in the previous paragraph.
Adjusting the headlight
- Place the unloaded vehicle on a level surface, 10
metres from a half-lit white screen, with the tyres
inflated to the prescribed pressure. Ensure that the
axis of the vehicle is perpendicular to the screen.
- Draw a horizontal line on the screen 70-73 cm above
the ground.
- Switch on the headlight, turn on the low beam and
check that the horizontal line that divides the dark
area from the lighted area is not above the line
previously drawn on the screen. To shift the headlight, use the specially designed screw in the front
shield (see figure).
3
03_017
03_018
3 - 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
4
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
3
43
38
8
16
20
33
35
15
48
36
34
17
9
32
13
10
42
19
41
51
37
44
2
3
11
50
21
49
4
5
7
45
14
12
1
31
28
29
27
46
26
25
22
6
47
18
2
30
52
24
40
39
SIDESTAND SWITCH
1
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
2
STAND CONTROL UNIT
3
ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT RELAY SWITCH
4
ENGINE STOP RELAY SWITCH
5
SERVICES ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH
6
FUSE BOX (3 X 7.5A, 1 X 15A)
7
NO. 2 SOLENOID STARTERS
8
375W FLYWHEEL MAGNETO
9
2 X STAND BUTTON
10
STAND PUMP MOTOR
11
PUMP ASSEMBLY WITH LEVEL INDICATOR
12
STARTER MOTOR
13
HELMET COMPARTMENT LAMP BUTTON
14
HELMET COMPARTMENT LAMP
15
12V SOCKET
16
2 X REAR FUSE BOX FOR CONTROL UNIT (1 X 3A, 1 X 5A,
17
1 X 10A, 1 X 3A)
DIODE BOX (2 X 6 A AND 2 A DIODE)
18
FUSE BOX (2 X 7.5A, 1 X 15A AND 5A)
19
FUSE BOX WITH STRIP FOR STAND PUMP
20
ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH (NO. 1 OF 70A)
DIGITAL INSTRUMENT SET (11 WARNING LIGHTS AND LEDS)
21
ANALOG INSTRUMENT SET (5 LAMPS)
22
HEADLIGHT, 2 X PARKING LIGHT BULB, HIGH/LOW BEAM
23
55/55W BULB
LH FRONT TURN INDICATOR WITH 10W BULB
24
REAR BRAKE LIGHT BUTTON
25
LIGHTS SWITCH WITH HEADLIGHT FLASH
26
27
TURN INDICATOR SWITCH
28
HORN BUTTON
29
HAZARD WARNING LIGHT BUTTON
30
RESET BUTTON
31
TRUMPET HORN
32
LH REAR LIGHT WITH 5W PARKING LIGHT BULB AND 10W
TURN INDICATOR BULB
33
REAR BRAKE LIGHT, 5 X 2.3W BULB
34
NUMBER-PLATE LIGHT 12V-5W
35
RH REAR LIGHT WITH 5W PARKING LIGHT BULB AND 10W
TURN INDICATOR BULB
ment, take special care to ensure that the leads that link
up to the electronic control device are properly connected by observing the polarity and colour coding of
the connectors.
- When working on the electrical equip-
4 - 5
Schematic wiring diagrams
Ignition section
8
4
5
6
12
87
85
2
13
87
30
86
30
85
86
20
9
7
11
10
3
15
+
14
-
DOWN
OFF RUN
16
UP
17
1
87
85
86
18
30
19
1
IMMOBILIZER DECODER
2
IGNITION SWITCH CONTACTS
3
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
4
FLYWHEEL MAGNETO
5
INJECTION ELECTRONIC POWER UNIT
6
HV COIL
7
SPARK PLUG
8
DIGITAL INSTRUMENT SET
9
5A FUSE
10
3A FUSE
4 - 6
11
IMMOBILIZER AERIAL
12
ENGINE STOP RELAY SWITCH
13
MAIN RELAY SWITCH
14
12V-14Ah BATTERY
15
30A FUSE
16
ENGINE STOP SWITCH
17
10A FUSE
18
ELECTRONIC POWER UNIT ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH
19
SIDE STAND SWITCH
20
2A DIODE
04_002
Lights section
Schematic wiring diagrams
22
19
3
1
2
I
0
P
30
86
30
86
85
85
87
87
6
0
1
4
2
5
7
8
4
86
23
15
20
-
+
21
-
18
14
13
+
17
12
16
30
85
87
9
10
11
1
12V-55W LOW BEAM BULB
2
12V-55W HIGH BEAM BULB
3
LOW BEAM RELAY SWITCH
4
HIGH BEAM RELAY SWITCH
5
DIGITAL INSTRUMENT SET
6
LIGHTS SWITCH
7
2 x 12V-5W FRONT PARKING LIGHT BULB, 2 x 12V-5W REAR
PARKING LIGHT BULB, 1 x 12V-5W NUMBER-PLATE LIGHT BULB
8
IGNITION SWITCH CONTACTS
9
MAIN RELAY SWITCH
10
FLYWHEEL MAGNETO
11
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
7.5 A FUSE
12
15 A FUSE
13
7.5 A FUSE
14
7.5 A FUSE
15
30 A FUSE
16
12V-14Ah BATTERY
17
HELMET COMPARTMENT LAMP BUTTON
18
12V-5W HELMET COMPARTMENT LAMP BULB
19
12V-180W SOCKET
20
15A FUSE
21
LIGHTS SELECTOR SWITCH
22
23
2A DIODE
04_003
4 - 7
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