Kenwood DPX-8020-MD Service manual

MD/CD MP3/DSP RECEIVER

DPX -8020 M D

SERVICE MANUAL

C

2001-5 PRINTED IN JAPAN B51-7775-00 (4) 510

MD EJECT CD EJECT

S.A NAME CRSC AUD/X'OVER

ATTDISPCOLOR

EQ

MDLP

PANEL ASSY (A64-2463-02)

TUNE SEEK

COMPACT

DIGITAL AUDIO

TEXT

ENTER

DISC

M

F

M

A

DSP FNC

PWR OFF

S

O

U

R

C

D

O

M

FUNCTION

E

VOL

ANGLE CLOSE

FOLDER SEL

KNOB VOL. (K24-3735-03)

KNOB SEEK (K24-3734-03)

ESCUTCHEON ASSY (B07-3046-04)

SCREW SET (N99-1701-05)

REMOTE CONTROLLER ASSY (A70-2006-05)

DC CORD (E30-4975-05)

DPX-8020MD

MICROCOMPUTER'S TERMINAL DESCRIPTION

(X14-) IC1 : System µ-com

PIN No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

DSP DATAOUT DSP CLK DSP SEL DSP RST DATAH DATAC CHCLK BYTE CNVSS CHCON1 NC RESET XOUT VSS XIN VCC NMI PN REQ BU DET I REQC PWIC SVR PON PWIC STBY AMP CTRL TEST BUZZ PCON PANT SCL SDA SYS DATA PN DATA PN CLK SYS REQ TEL DAOUT TEL DAIN TEL MUTE CRSC 1 NC ILLUMI LAMP ACC DET PCON IN LED CD LED MD PN SCCON LED LOGO DCDC24 PMOT1 PMOT2

I/OPin Name Description Processing Operation

DSP data output

O

DSP clock output

O

DSP selector

O

DSP reset

O

External CH data output

O

External CH data input

I

External CH clock in/output

I/O

External data bus width switching

I

Processor mode switching

I

External CH1 select

O

Not used

O

Reset input

I

System clock output

O

GND

I

System clock input

I

Power input

I I

Panel communication request

I

B.U detection

I

External CH reception request

I

Power IC control

O

Power control

O

Power IC standby

O

External amp control

O

Power IC control

O

Beep output

O

External amp control

O

Power antenna control

O

I2C clock output

I/O

I2C data in/output

I/O

SYS data output (FLASH TXD)

O

Panel data input (FLASH RXD)

I

Panel clock output (FLASH SCLK)

O

SYS communication request (FLASH BUSY)

O O

I

O

CRSC switching

I

Not used

I

Illumination detection

I

Lamp control (FLASH EPM)

O

ACC detection

I

P CON input

I

LED control (CD)

O

LED control (MD)

O

Panel µ-com control (FLASH CE)

O

LED control (LOGO)

O

DC/DC control

O

Panel motor control 1

O

Panel motor control 2

O



  

L: Reset

H: Power down

H: ON H: ON H: ON

L: Test mode

H: ON L: ALL OFF H: ON

H: TEL MUTE ON

L: Illumination ON H: ON H: ACC OFF H: Protection ON H: LED ON H: LED ON L: ON H: LED ON H: 24V Output

4

DPX-8020MD

MICROCOMPUTER'S TERMINAL DESCRIPTION

PIN No.

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

100

PM VR PMDET OPEN SW PON2 CD MSTOP CD SW2 CD AMUTE CD SW1 CD LO/EJ CD MOTOR CD SW3 VCC TYPE 8CM VSS MP3 SW DIVER TYPE AUX TYPE TEL TYPE TEL C1 TEL C2 MP3 TYPE MD DET MD LOE SW MD LOAD MD EJECT MD MSTOP MRST MD AMUTE MD LOS/EJECT SD DIVER FM+B AM+B PARKING DSP MUTE A SEL REQH MUTE PW MUTE NC LINE MUTE REFCON MPX CD DET PMODE AVSS FSD OUT VREF AVCC DSP DATA IN

I/OPin Name Description Processing Operation

Panel mechanism control

O

Panel mechanism detection

I

Panel open detection

I

PON5 (2)

O

CD mechanism stop

O

Disc detection (8/12cm check)

I

CD mute request

I

Loading detection (Loading SW)

I

CD Loading/Eject control

I/O

CD Loading motor control

O

Loading end detection (chucking SW)

I

Power input

8cm CD detect

I

GND

TEL/MP3 SW

O

DIVER

I

AUX

I

TEL

I

TEL C1

O

TEL C2

O

MP3

I

MD detection

I

MD PLAY STANDBY SW

I

MD motor control

O

MD motor control

O

MD mechanism stop

O

CD/MD µ-com reset

O

MD mute request

I

MD position detect

I

Station detection

I

FM diver switch

O

FM power control

O

AM power control

O

PARKING ON/OFF detection

I

DSP MUTE

O

A 354 selector

O

External CH transmission request

O

MUTE

O

Power IC mute

O

Not used

O

LINE MUTE ON/OFF detection

I

A/D reference voltage

O

FM MPX detection

I

CD detection sensor input

I

Panel position sensor input

I

Analog reference voltage

I

S meter input

I

Reference voltage

Power input

I

DSP data input

I

H: 5.1V L: 7.5V L: ON H: OFF L: OPEN

L: STOP L: ON L: MUTE L: ON

L: ON

H: DIVER H: AUX H: TEL L: ON L: ON H: MP3 L: ON H: ON

L: STOP L: RESET L: MUTE L: ON H: ON L: ON H: FM H: AM H: PARKING ON H: MUTE ON L: Data output

H: MUTE ON L: MUTE ON

L: LINE MUTE ON

L: ST L: CD (A/D input) Vth:2.5V (A/D)

H: Station detect Vth: 1.9V

5

DPX-8020MD

MICROCOMPUTER'S TERMINAL DESCRIPTION

(X25-) IC1 : Panel µ-com

PIN No.

1 2 3 4

5-7

8 9

10,11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

39-41

42 43

44-49

50

51-61

62 63 64

65-71

72 73 74 75 76

LCD2 DO LCD2 CL NC REMO NC BYTE CNVSS NC RESET XOUT VSS XIN VCC NC SYS REQ SP EN PN SCCON NC LED R NC LED G NC LED B NC SP CLK SP DATA IN SP DATA OUT PNL DATA SYS DATA PNL CLK PNL REQ LCD1 DO NC LCD1 CL LCD INH NC LCD1 CE LCD2 CE NC PON NC VCC NC VSS NC RE IN RE BASE NC KR0 KR1

I/OPin Name Description Processing Operation

External LCD driver data output

O

External LCD driver clock output

O

Not used

O

Remote signal input

I

Not used

O

I

Not used

O

Reset

-

GND

Clock input

Power supply

Not used

I

System request input

I

Spectrum analyzer enable output

O

System control communication panel µ-COM operation control

I

Not used

O

RED LED brightness adjustment

O

Not used

O

GREEN LED brightness adjustment

O

Not used

O

BLUE LED brightness adjustment

O

Not used

O

Spectrum analyzer clock output

O

Spectrum analyzer data input

I

Spectrum analyzer data output

O

System control communication data output

O

System control communication data input

I

System control communication Panel clock input

I

System control communication Panel request output

O

External LCD driver data output

O

Not used

I

External LCD driver clock output

O

LCD character unit forced extinction

O

Not used

O

External LCD driver select

O

External LCD driver select

O

Not used

O

Power supply control

O

Not used

O

Power supply

Not used

O

GND

Not used

O

Input B

I

Input A

I

Not used

O

Key return signal input 0

I

Key return signal input 1

I

L: Fixed

L: Fixed L: Reset

L: Fixed H: OFF L: Fixed H: OFF L: Fixed H: OFF L: Fixed

L: OFF L: Fixed H: LCD driver select H: LCD driver select L: Fixed H: ON L: Fixed

L: Fixed

6

DPX-8020MD

MICROCOMPUTER'S TERMINAL DESCRIPTION

PIN No.

77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

85-95

96 97 98 99

100

KR2 KR3 KR4 NC KS0 KS1 KS2 KS3 NC AVSS NC VREF AVCC NC

I/OPin Name Description Processing Operation

I I

I O O O O O O

-

O

-

I

(X32-) IC1 : CD mecha µ-com

PIN No.

1-5

6 7

8,9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19,20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

NC BYTE CNVSS NC RESET XOUT VSS XIN VCC NMI INT3 INT2 INT1 NC DCS PD ML MC MD NC I2C CLK I2C DATA MP3 I2C DATA R MP3 I2C CLK W MP3 DATA NC MP3 CLK MP3 REQ WAIT ALE HOLD

I/OPin Name Description Processing Operation

O

I

I O

-

I

-

I

I O O O O O O O

I/O I/O I/O

O

I/O

O O O O

I

I O

I

Key return signal input 2 Key return signal input 3 Key return signal input 4 Not used Key scan output 0 Key scan output 1 Key scan output 2 Key scan output 3 Not used GND Not used

Power supply Not used



Bus width 8bit/16bit switch

 

RESET Clock output



Clock input



Servo DSP (processor unit) interrupt Servo DSP (decoder unit) interrupt Servo DSP (ATAPI unit) interrupt



DAC chip select Peripheral IC reset DAC microprocessor communication data latch line DAC microprocessor communication clock line DAC microprocessor communication data line



For mechanical control communication (clock) For mechanical control communication (data) For STA013 control communication (data) For flash write For STA013 control communication (clock) For flash write For MP3 data transmission (data)



For MP3 data transmission (clock) MP3 data request Multiplex bus wait For multiplex bus For flash write

L: Fixed

L H L L L: RESET H: Normal

   

L: Interrupt H: Normal L: Interrupt H: Normal L: Interrupt H: Normal L: Interrupt H: Normal L L: SELECT L: RESET H: Normal H: Latch

 

L

  

L



L

 

L: BUSY H: READY



L

7

DPX-8020MD

MICROCOMPUTER'S TERMINAL DESCRIPTION

PIN No.

40 41 42 43 44 45 46

47-50

51

52,53

54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73

74-78

79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

87-93

94 95 96 97

98-100

HLDA NC RDM NC WRM NC CS2 NC SCLT NC MUTE-R MUTE-L LDON MP3/CD PON CDRW VCC NC VSS AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 RFOK MSTOP INT4 NC T3 T2 T1 EMPH RFOK NC SW3 DETECT NC AGND NC NC AVCC NC

I/OPin Name Description Processing Operation

O O

For multiplex bus

O O

For multiplex bus

O O

M24B chip select

O O

RF 1x/2x speed switch over

O O

Mute (right)

O

Mute (left)

O

Laser ON/OFF

O

CD-DA/MP3 switch over

O

Peripheral IC power supply control

O

RW switch over

O

-

O

Address/data (7bit) line

I/O

Address/data (6bit) line

I/O

Address/data (5bit) line

I/O

Address/data (4bit) line

I/O

Address/data (3bit) line

I/O

Address/data (2bit) line

I/O

Address/data (1bit) line

I/O

Address/data (0bit) line

I/O

RF OK interrupt (unused)

I

MSTOP detection

I

Servo DSP (servo unit) interrupt

I

O

Electrical management check test port

I

Electrical management check test port

I

Electrical management check test port

I

Emphasis ON/OFF

I

RFOK

I

O

Inner ring/track detection switch

I

D track Quantity

I

O

-

O

-

O

 



  



     

L L



L



L L: SELECT L L: 2x H: 1x

L: Mute L: Mute L: OFF H: ON L: CD-DA H: MP3 L: OFF H: ON L: Other H: RW



L

        

L: Interrupt H: Normal L: Interrupt H: Normal L: Interrupt H: Normal L L L L L: OFF H: ON L: NG H: OK L L: ON H: OFF L: DETECT L



L L



L

8

DPX-8020MD

PANEL MECHANISM DESCRIPTION

A. Panel Opening

1. When Open button (switch) is pressed, the motor (605) rotates.

2. The rotation of the motor is transmitted forward through the rack gear

3. When the rack gear down.

4. (1) The upper side of the panel pushde on the arm as-

sembly rail

(2) The lock on the lever

bly

(3) When this happens, the planetary gear

5. When the arm assembly goes down to the open position, the switch (641) is trned on. When the switch (641) is turned on,

(616) via the gears (620-622).

(616) moves, the panel (PA1) goes

2

∗

3

∗

604

602

(604) by the pin (∗2) and the groove of the

(∗3).

(A) is let go and the arm assem-

(604) goes down.

the motor stops after 950ms.

608

616

621

(603) rotates.

605

609

620

B. Closing Behavior

1. The motor rotates in reverse direction.

2. The arm assembly into the lock position of the rail

stops going up.

(604)

1

3. When the arm assembly (604) stops, by the rotation of the planetary gear

(616) backward via the gears (620-622).

gear

4. By the close position information of the LPS

(605) stops after 200ms.

motor

(604) goes up. When the lever (A) goes

(612), the arm assembly

4

604

3

612

2

(603), the motor rotation pushes the rack

(642), the

605

608

604

609

608

604

603

620

602

603

616

620

621

612

3

1

2

A

2

604

C. Angle Behavior

3

4

641

604

1. By the position information of the LPS (642), the panel angle is controlled.

9

DPX-8020MD

PANEL MECHANISM DESCRIPTION

D. Assembly (Close Position)

1. Align the arm assembly with the pin of the planetary gear (603).

2. Assembly these to the sub-chassis (606) along with the

(612).

rail

3. Align lever

4. Lead wires of LPS should be kept in place with a tape so that they would not interfere with rack gear (616).

(614) hole and the hold of the chassis (601).

612

2

1

604

606

1

605

2

625

1

603

608

609

616

642

4

642

614

3

601

10

B C D E F G H I JA

PC BOARD (Component side view)

1

16

2

D208

242

C432

IC6

R214

D406

R314

TH1

R742

R743

C749

R741

C425

C720

15

14

IC4

2

1

3

4

5

IC14

R728

1

Q710

C714

BE

1

5

A2

8

SYNTHESIZER UNIT (X14-6700-21) SYNTHESIZER UNIT (X14-6700-21)

X14-6700-21 A/2 (J741209-12)

C228

C328

R328

R228

R412

R227

D805

R414

7

8

D604

R226

R452

R203

R303

Q203

IC13

C53

C401

BE

D404

D301

C57

C625

C55

C852

R326

R327

Q303

BE

D207

25

1

C721

L701

C722

X14-6700-21 A/2 (J74-1209-02)

L2

1 24

9

J1

18

D703

C730

Q707

R716

R700

Q701

D702

R735

C701

D714

R706

C703

R736

R701

D713

R702

BE

R713

R712

R703

R419

BE

R717

B E B

BE

R313 R213

D206

D205

D305

D306

R407

R710

D705

R418

R727

C426

Q703

R715

C705

R704

BE

Q704

R416

R708

R718

Q706

BE

R709

D704

C706

D701

D700

C329

R707

R664

Q702

R719

C704

C330

A1

R12

R13

SUB

WH1

C229

C519

D712

R501

CP51

R500

X2

C505

C506

16

17 32

C904

Q909

C745

C908

BE

C717

C902

D902

C725

R739

R720

L901

R721

C727

BE

Q713

IC7

C715

D901

D903

L702

Q705

C521

C709

15

C710

CP52

C713

L902

C900

C912

1

CN1

MAIN

L8

9

8

IC3

16

1

C230

C324

C216

C516

C224

C501

1

IC8

25

26 50

IC19

C520

30

C316

C517

C6

C34

C4

C17

L9

BE

Q4

C21

R11

CP1

C209

R219

R220

R320

R221

R222

C222

C322

C223

C323

R322

C515

C211

76100

Q604

75

C611

51

1

R509

R622

R503

R506

W7

G

R321

R514 R515

R628

R507

L10

D4

C421

C315

C409

R212 R312

C26

R319

R310

IC18

C314

R660

Q700

E B E

C309

C514

R309

R311

C215

R671

R19

BE

C59

IC16

X1

O

C10

BE

Q5

Q6

23

33

34 44

C419

C313

R210

R209

C213

R211

C214

D602

5 8

C603

CP62

CP68

CP64

Q719

EB

C736

I

C13

R20

R15

C407

R17

C30

C31

1222

IC2

C311

C417

R216

C217

C218

C219

Q605

E B

R666

E

4

1

R605

100

1

R610

C607

IC1

R684

C608

30

31

R681

R680

C711

Q708

B

E

Q717

C210

R217

R218

C220

C32

11

1

C614

BE

C29

R410

R215

R230

D402

R406

C319

R630

CP66

R683

C604

121113 4832

J2

R805

R808

D802

C449

C310

R316

R315

R330

R317

C318

R318

C320

R646

R634

R626

CP77

R647

CP67

R705

C700

C735

50

CP63

D720

81

R677

R807

C804

80

51

R806

C453

C447

CP76

R851

C452

R665

R804

C451

C610

1567910

R801 R803 R802

C805

D801

R432

14

R433

D407

Q720

E

1

R510

CP74

BC

NF/R

C225

RED:R

AUXIN

L

58

IC9

22

C23

2

CP73

CP72

CP71

CP69

E

R740

C858

9

IC17

C203

IC5

CN5

C423

R511

W6

C302

C202

C454

C325

4 5

D603

C304

CN49

21

1425

13

J3

F/R

NF/L

C227

C303

3

CN7

1

15

C212

C312

CN2

W1

BE

1

22 3 1

Q400

21

R413

C232

F/L

C327

C801

C332

CN3

2

1

C54

C856

C855

PC BOARD (Foil side view)

C326

C226

R225

R325

R224

R324

R323

BE

D403

D302

C402

R674

C624

W5

W4

W2

R415 1

14

R637

R690

C857

C56

C854

D852

C52

R223

Q302

R810 C800

R691

R655

R656

C851

D851

BE

R201 R302 R301

R641

R693

R692

EB

R688

R695

R694

Q851

Q202

C802

R689

C617

R675

R636

R652

C400

R651

C853

C450

R635

C616

C619

R654

C622

C620

R642

R653

R650

R434

R676

R696

R697

R649

R648

C734

C448

C621

R667

R644

R603

L601

C317

R643 R631

R604

R657

C605

C623 R617

R738

R602

R616

8

1

C718

C403

IC10

R607

R659

R698

C803

C24

C612

C609

R699

R686

R737

C35

5

4

C613

Q602

R685

D718

C404

C606

R609

R623

R611

R508

R22

R809

R658

C8

R632

D601

R613

BE

EB

R612

R669

Q718

L7

C418

R670

C12

R23

BE

R661

C7

R668

3

4

EB

C737

8

1

Q603

BE

1

5

R663

R732

L6

R16

Q403

IC11

R627

IC15

Q601

EB

R21

R614

5

4

R621

C37

W12

C40

C11

Q7

C27

R18

C410

C420

R608

D5

C422

R625

R6

Q1

R620

R504

R8

BEB

L508

C68

C508

8

1

C321

L507

C221

IC12

C512

C511

C25

R331

C510

C509

C9

C5

C36

R7

L5

EB

Q3

EB

Q2

R5

C16 C15

C20

5

4

W11

W10

C67

R619

R505

C19

R9

C18

C22

C14

R10

C58

R231

R232

R332

C518

C513

C502

W9

L504

C524

R618

Q907

EBE

R14

C504

D504

C503

C2

C61

EBE

L4

L501

C64

C507

L505

W13

D2

C527

Q903

C3

C526

C63

L3

C1

C65

L510

Q905

W3

D3

C702

L1

D1

R417

D307

R673

C723

EBE

Q908

R908

EB

C306

CB E

C746

R724

R909

C406

CBE

C525

R723

C307

R907

C308

Q715

C208

C712

C732

R722

R729

C719

R731

C433

D405

R420

R421

BE

Q402

C424

R733

C724

R730

R734

D710

BE

Q711

C50

L903

R901

C51

L503

C529

D502

R513

C62

C528

R502

D501

R512

D715

D505

D503

C523

Q901

BE

EB

Q902

R904

R903

C910

C716

D709

D711

R726

R725

C911

R902

R906

Q716

D717

EB

D707

C707 R711

D706

EBE

BE

C909 C901

C726

C731

R714

C708

Q712

Q714

W8

D308

C207 C206 C205

C305

D708

Q709

6

(X14-6700-21)

Ref. No. Address Ref. No. Address Ref. No. Address

7

IC1 IC2 IC4 IC6 IC7 IC8 IC9 IC14 IC16 IC17 IC18 IC19

4D 3D 4A 3A 4B 4C 3E 4A 4D 5E 6C 5C

Q6044CQ6054DQ7005CQ7013BQ7023BQ7032BQ7043BQ7054BQ7063BQ7073BQ7085DQ710

5A

Q7176DQ7195DQ720

5E

Refer to the schematic diagram for the values of resistors and capacitors.

(X14-6700-21)

Ref. No. Address Ref. No. Address

Address

IC10 IC11 IC12 IC15

3G 3H 3H 4H Q2 Q3 Q7 Q202 Q203 Q302 Q303 Q402 2H 2H 2H 2G 2F 2G 2F 3J

Q603Ref. No.

Q7094JQ7114JQ7153JQ7164JQ7185GQ8516GQ9035IQ9056IQ907

4H

Q403 Q601 Q602

3H 4H 4G

5H

Refer to the schematic diagram for the values of resistors and capacitors.

13 14

L MK N O P Q R S T

PC BOARD (Component side view)

1

2

3

4

5

6

SWITCH UNIT (X25-8960-00) SWITCH UNIT (X25-8960-00)

X25-8960-00 A/2 (J74-1212-12)

S8

ANGLE

S7

ENT

2

3

IC4

1

4

S6

FNC

87

1

(X25-8960-00)

Ref. No. Address

D22

S17

D23

TEL

S5

RST

DSP

S4

EQ

S13

ATT

S14

DSP

S15

COLOR

S16

D7D6

X25 B/2

CD EJECT

S1 S2

MD EJECT

C27

169

S9

SRC

D14

S3

C26

C23

AM-

CN2

S11

10

FM+

1

9

C24

2

S10

88

ED1

C25

S18

D11

C22

S12

VOL

C19

C20

C21

D13

D12

CN2

1

2

9

10

PC BOARD (Foil side view)

X25-8960-00 (J74-1212-12)

C34

C30 C28 C29

CP6

CP5

5

1

51

50

CP4

31

30

CP2

R2

R1 R4 R3

R65 R6

R10

75

IC2

1

D8

R30

C17

C16

CP11

R63

R62

C15

C14

R59

R64

R61

CP9

C18

D26

R23

76

100

R41

R40

C32

C31

C33

D16

R73

R42

R26

C5

CP8

R25

C4

R22

D2

81

D3

D4

C3

D5

75

1

100

R24

E

Q1

B

D1

R13

IC3

80

1

CP1

R28

CP7

C7

D25

C2

IC1

C45

R12

R11

51

25

D24

Q3

R18

C1

X1

R16

R14

R15

50

26

C12

C13

E

B

C10

C11

CP10

76

C9

100

C8

R27

X25 B/2

D17

Q2

R21

C36

3

CP3

C35

4

R43

R38

D15

R29

C6

L1

CN1

51

25

R44

R67

Q5

R54

R51

R57

R20

R37

50

26

C38

R47

R46

R45 R74

R39

R72

Q4

B

E

Q9

R32

R36

R19

R5

R8

R7

C37

C44

C39

D18

R58

R75

R48

C49

R60

BEBE

R34

D19

D21

R69

C46

R33

D20

B

R35

C43

E

C47

Q8

R77 R52 R76 R49

R78

R55

R70

Q6

R68

B

E

R66

R31

R56 R50 R53

Q7

R71

C48

R9

1

24

(X25-8960-00)

Ref. No. Address

IC1 IC2 IC3

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8

D9

D10

Q9

3R 5R 5Q 4Q 3R 6Q 3S 3R 2S 3S 3S 3S

2NIC4

7

Refer to the schematic diagram for the values of resistors and capacitors.

15 16