Humax HB-1000S User Manual

Humax Freesat HD with <free time>

Model: HB-1000S

LET’S

GET

STARTED

YOUR USER GUIDE

Welcome to freesat.
We are so pleased you bought this

eesat HD with

fr

INCLUDED IN THIS BOX

Quality state-of-the-art satellite TV receiver
Over 150 of your favourite channels
Picture perfect High Definition (selected channels)
BBC iPlayer, ITV Player, 4oD, Demand 5 and YouTube
Catch up on the last 7 days of TV with a unique roll

back TV guide
Showcase (specially selected editorial TV picks)
Easy plug and play set up
Free, expert customer support - visit freesat.co.uk

or call 0345 313 0051

NOT INCLUDED

<free time>

box.

Monthly subscriptions (It’s free)
Lengthy contracts (It’s free forever)
Baing, complicated technology (It’s simple)

NEED A HAND?

If you need help anywhere along the way, just go to the
Help & info menu on the Home screen, visit freesat.co.uk or
ask other freesat customers at community.freesat.co.uk

CONTENTS

Basics

See what’s

on TV

Your remote control 2

On-screen icons 3

Home. It’s where it all happens. 4

The TV Guide 5

Your main controls 6

Seeing what’s on – Now & Next 7

Watching something on earlier 8

Planning what to watch later 9

Browsing whilst watching TV 10

Find out more about a programme 11

Find programmes by channel type 12

Finding and listening to radio channels 13

Setting a reminder 14

Extras

Seeing what’s on – Now & Next 7
Connecting to broadband 15

Watching something on earlier 8
On Demand 16

Planning what to watch later 9
Search 17

Browsing whilst watching TV 10
Controlling your kids’ viewing 18

Find out more about a programme 11
Hiding Adult channels 19

Find programmes by channel type 12
Accessibility 20

Finding and listening to radio channels 13
Recordings — Only accessible if paired with an USB

Setting a reminder 14

Hard Drive (HDD). 21

Safety Instructions 22

Warning 24

Troubl eshoo ting 2 5

Setting the universal remote control 27

Specification 42

Open source software notice 44

1

YOUR REMOTE CONTROL

TV - controls your TV

STB - controls your

freesat+ box

Recordings – goes to
your recordings

Skip backwards – skips
backwards in recordings

Stop – stops a recording
and On Demand

Rewind – rewind up to
x32 times faster

Record – records what
you’re watching or sets
a recording in the TV
Guide

Search – brings up the
Search screen

Back – goes back one
step

MAIN CONTROLS

Up down left right
arrows – get around

the TV Guide and
menus

OK – confirms your
selection

Standby – puts the
box into standby, and
on again

Skip forward –skips
forward in recordings

Fast forward – fast
forward up to x32
times faster

List – sorts the TV Guide
into channel groups

Pause – pauses live
TV, a recording and
On Demand

TV GUIDE

– opens and

closes the TV Guide

Exit – returns to live TV

– takes you to the

Home screen

i – gives you more info
about a programme

Coloured buttons –
gives you more options
on-screen

AD – turns audio
description on or o

TOP TIP

To control your

Number buttons – to
enter channel numbers

freesat+ box, make
sure that the STB
mode is selected on

SUB - turns subtitles
on or o

the remote control

To control your TV
with your remote
control, see page 27

2

ON-SCREEN ICONS

ON-SCREEN ICONS

may contain material with adult themes

subtitles available

audio description available

shown with sign language

Dolby 5.1 surround sound available

3D

High definition

an HD version also available

reminder

part of freesat Showcase

On Demand alternative available

part of a series

3

HOME.
IT’S WHERE IT ALL HAPPENS.

The Home screen will take you anywhere
you want to go. Press ‘home’

Home takes you to:

TV Guide

Ready for some telly? Great. This is the
place to come.

Showcase

Full of programme ideas to tempt you.
Use
what’s on tonight, later this week and
On Demand.

and

to explore our pick of

On Demand

The best free On Demand services full of
TV favourites ready to watch when you
are. Your freesat HD box will need to be
connected to your router (see page 24).

Search

Quickly find a programme without
trawling the TV listings.

Help & info

Tips on making the most of your freesat
HD box, and info about services for
visually impaired and hard of hearing
viewers.

4

THE TV GUIDE

See what’s on the minute you sit down
with our new at a glance ‘Now & Next’
view. Press

Use

- what’s on ‘Now & Next’

- what’s coming up in the

- what’s been on already but

and to explore:

next 7 days

is available for catch-up on
selected channels

TV GUIDE

If you are not connected to broadband
there may be occasions when the TV
picture in the TV Guide screen will
disappear and be replaced by an image
saying ‘receiving data’. This happens
when the guide is collecting up to date
information. When it is updated the
picture will reappear.

later

earlier

5

YOUR MAIN CONTROLS

These buttons can get you
everywhere.

Press OK on a programme in the TV Guide
and all the available options for that
specific programme will be listed.

So if a programme is on live TV now,
highlight it in the TV Guide, press
the Action Menu will look like screen 2.

If the programme is on later, you’ll be able
to

Set a reminder (Screen 3).

Press
options and

to scroll through the

OK

to select.

OK

and

1

2

3

TOP TIP

Pressing OK on a programme brings
up all the available options.

6

SEEING WHAT’S ON – NOW & NEXT

1

The TV Guide shows what’s on now
and next in an ‘at a glance’ view.

Press

To move through the channels,
use

To move through the programmes a page
at a time, press

To move forward and back 24 hours, press

As you browse through the guide, the
short programme info is shown at the top
of the screen. For more programme info,
press

Highlight a programme and press
choose

At any stage to go back to watching TV
full screen, press

TV GUIDE

P

and

i

Watch now (Screen 2).

EXIT

and

or

P

TV GUIDE

OK

and

2

TOP TIP

If you know the channel number,
jump straight to it in the TV Guide
with the number buttons.

7

WATCHING SOMETHING
ON EARLIER

You can roll back the TV Guide to
find programmes that were on
earlier ready to watch now, when
you are connected to broadband.

Available on selected channels with
On Demand services on freesat.
Look out for

earlier highlighted

in the TV Guide where this is
available.

Continue to press to highlight ‘earlier’
on the left hand side of the guide
(Screen 1).

Press
from earlier on today, ready to watch
whenever you are (Screen 2).

You can go back up to 7 days by continuing
to press the

again, and bingo. Programmes

(Screen 3).

1

2

3

Highlight a programme you want to

EXIT

OK

or

TV GUIDE

watch, press

To go back to the live TV Guide, continue
to press

To go back to watching TV full screen,
press

8

PLANNING WHAT
TO WATCH LATER

To plan your viewing a bit further
ahead, the full TV Guide has
listings for the next 7 days.

Use to highlight ‘later’ on the right
hand side of the guide (Screen 1).

Press
(Screen 2).

You can plan your viewing for up to a week
in advance, setting reminders to your
heart’s delight. Just remember to give
yourself time to enjoy it all.

To go back to watching TV full screen,
press

again for the full TV Guide

EXIT

or

TV GUIDE

1

2

TOP TIP

To fast scroll through the TV Guide,
press and hold

9

BROWSING WHILST WATCHING TV

1

You don’t have to stop watching TV to see
what else is on. For a quick snapshot of
what’s on now and next, press any of the

buttons followed by

OK

To see what’s on other channels, press

(Screen 2).

Browse programmes on earlier today
by pressing
pressing

and what’s on later by

(Screen 3).

You can set reminders here by
pressing

OK

To go back to watching live TV full screen,
press

EXIT

2

3

TOP TIP

Press
description.

i

to see the programme

10

FIND OUT MORE ABOUT
A PROGRAMME

Programmes come with extra
info to help you decide whether
to watch them, including a
description, episode details
and more.

To see the programme info, highlight the
programme in the TV Guide and press the

i

button. A short description will
then show in the info area next to the
mini TV (Screen 1).

To see more info about the programme,
now press
(Screen 2).

Select

Here you’ll find a longer description of the
programme including cast and crew info
and more (Screen 3).

OK

for the Action Menu

About

1

2

3

If you are not connected to broadband
there may be occasions when the TV
picture in the TV Guide screen will
disappear and be replaced by an image
saying ‘receiving data’. This happens
when the guide is collecting up to date
information. When it is updated the
picture will reappear.

ON-SCREEN ICONS

You may see these in the info area

High definition

an HD version also available

3D

may contain material with

adult themes

audio description available

subtitles available

shown with sign language

Dolby 5.1 surround sound

available

11

FIND PROGRAMMES BY
CHANNEL TYPE

In the mood for a movie, or need your
next news fix? Jump straight to that
group of channels in the TV Guide by
pressing
(Screen 1).

Use
channel you’re looking for, and press
(Screen 2). You’ll then jump to that group
of channels in the TV Guide.

LIST

on your remote control

to choose the type of

OK

2

12

FINDING AND LISTENING
TO RADIO CHANNELS

Find the radio channels in the TV Guide
quickly by pressing
and select Radio.

To listen to a radio programme, highlight
it in the TV Guide and press

You can choose to

Set reminder

LIST

, then use

OK

Listen now or

TOP TIP

Radio channels start at Channel 700

13

SETTING A REMINDER

1

Worried you’ll miss a programme?
Well worry no more. You can set a
reminder from both the TV Guide
or while watching live TV.

From the TV Guide (Screen 1).

Highlight the programme you want to set
a reminder for, press

Set reminder

While watching live TV (Screen 2).

Highlight a programme and press
select

The reminder prompt will appear on
screen 30 seconds before the programme
starts, and will then auto tune to the
channel.

Set reminder

OK

and select

OK

and

2

TOP TIP

To cancel a reminder, press
when the prompt is on screen.

BACK

14

CONNECTING TO BROADBAND

1

Connect your freesat box to your
broadband and open up a whole
new part of the TV Guide.

You’ll be able to roll back through
the TV Guide on some channels to
catch up on programmes you’ve
missed. You’ll also be able to
enjoy the On Demand services
on freesat. Minimum 2Mbps
broadband speed required.

The best way to connect is with an
Ethernet cable. Slot one end into the
Ethernet port on the back of the box,
and the other end into an Ethernet port
on your router (Illustration 1). That’s it,
you’re connected.

If your router is too far away to use
a cable, try using a pair of Homeplug
Adapters (Illustrations 2 & 3). They’re
a safe and convenient way to send
broadband around your home using
the electrical wiring, or you can use a
Humax WiFi dongle.

2

3

15

ON DEMAND

Find hundreds of hours of
programmes ready to watch
whenever you want.

Press ‘home’

Go to On Demand, and press
available On Demand services (Screen 2).

Use

to browse through the On Demand

services and

Whilst watching an On Demand
programme, you can use the playback
buttons

Pressing
viewed TV channel.

on your remote control.

OK

to select.

and

EXIT

takes you to the last

OK

to see all

NEED TO KNOW

Your freesat HD box needs to be
connected to your broadband router.

2

16

SEARCH

With so much great TV to choose
from, we’ve made it easy to find
what you’re looking for.

Press

Enter the name of the programme you’re
looking for using the on-screen keyboard,
and

You can filter the search result by TV or
Radio, or simply search all the TV listings.

Once you’ve found the programme you’re
looking for, highlight it and press
You’ll be given all the options available for
that specific programme, i.e.

SEARCH

on your remote control.

OK

Watch now .

.

SEARCH TIPS

You can leave out common words
from the search, like ‘the’, ‘a’, ‘an,
‘with’ ‘of’.

There’s no need to include hyphens
or apostrophes.

To clear the search bar and start
again, press

Back

17

CONTROLLING YOUR KIDS’
VIEWING

Some programmes after the
9pm watershed may not be
suitable for children. By setting
a 4 digit PIN you can lock
On Demand playback of these
programmes to stop them
being played back without
your permission.

Setting your 4 digit PIN

When you first set up your box, you’ll be
asked to create your 4 digit PIN. You can
change your PIN code at any time from
Settings, and Parental Controls which
you’ll find by pressing ‘home’

If you forget your PIN

If you forget your four digit PIN, Humax
customer services will be able to re-set it
for you on 0344 318 8800.

18

HIDING ADULT CHANNELS

You can hide all channels classified as
‘Adult’ from the TV Guide. Press ‘home’
and then select

General Settings and then Parental control

Settings and then

Here you have the option to hide all Adult
channels from the TV Guide, and also turn
on all PIN restrictions.

Turning o all PIN-controlled
restrictions

You can turn o all PIN restrictions from
Settings, and Parental Controls which
you’ll find by pressing ‘home’

19

ACCESSIBILITY

These services make programmes
available to visually impaired and
hard of hearing customers.

Digital subtitles, audio description
and signed programmes are
provided by the broadcasters,
but whenever they are available
freesat customers can use them.

Digital subtitles

Subtitles are a text version of the
dialogue in a programme. Look out for

in the TV Guide which indicates

they are available for that programme.

To turn subtitles on while watching live
TV, press

SUB

SUB

again.

. To turn them o, press

Signed programmes

Some broadcasters provide a signed
version of popular programmes for hard
of hearing viewers. Look out for
the TV Guide which indicates it is a signed
programme.

in

Audio description

Audio description is an additional audio
service which describes what is happening
on-screen, including body language,
movements and actions and expressions.
Look out for
which indicates they are available for that
programme.

To turn audio description on while
watching live TV, press
it o, press

icon in the TV Guide

AD

again.

AD

. To turn

20

Recording functionality is only accessible when an USB Hard Drive (HDD) is paired with your box.

RECORDINGS

This clever little freesat HD with
<free time> box allows you to plug
in a USB Hard Drive (HDD) and
record programmes.

If you choose to record you will need
to dedicate a USB Hard Drive for
this. Therefore once the hard drive is
formatted and paired to your box it won’t
be able to play recorded content on other
freesat boxes or be used on computers.
If you choose to reformat or unpair the
USB Hard Drive from your box all your
recordings will be wiped. Please refer to

www.humaxdigital.com/uk/hb-1000s.
html for more information.

Ways to record

1) one touch record from live TV

Record from when you started watching

Your freesat HD box automatically saves
up to 30mins of the channel you’re
watching, even if you’re not recording.

So if you decide that you want to record
a programme part way through, press

R

and it will record from the point you tuned
to that channel.

NEED TO KNOW

If you unplug your USB Hard Drive
(HDD) you won’t be able to access
your recordings. As soon as you
plug the USB Hard Drive back in
they will reappear.

RECORDING ICONS

to be deleted soon

To record the programme you’re watching
now, press

R

2) from the Now & Next banner

Highlight the programme you want to
record, press

R

3) from the TV Guide

Highlight the programme you want to
record, press

R

4) from Showcase

Record any of the upcoming programmes
in Showcase by pressing

Record

OK

and selecting

5) from Search

Record straight from the Search results,
by pressing

OK

and selecting Record

kept (won’t be deleted)

watched

part watched

series recording

recording set

recording failed

21

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

1. Mains Supply

a) Operate this product only from the type
of power supply indicated on the marking
label. If you are not sure of the type of
power supplied to your home, consult your
local power company.

b) Disconnect the product from the mains
before you start any maintenance or
installation procedures.

2. Overloading

Do not overload a wall outlet, extension
cord or adapter as this may result in
electric fire or shock.

3. Liquid

The product should not be exposed to
liquid of any kind. In addition, no objects
filled with liquid should be placed on the
apparatus.

4. Cleaning

a) Disconnect the product from the wall
outlet before cleaning

b) Use a light damp cloth (no solvents) to
dust the product.

6. Attachments

Do not use any unsupported attachments
as these may be hazardous or cause
damage to the product.

7. Lighting, storm or not in use

Unplug the product from the wall outlet
and disconnect the antenna during a
thunderstorm or when left unattended
and unused for long periods of time. This
will prevent damage to the unit due to
lightning and power-surges.

8. Extraneous objects

Do not insert anything through the
openings in the unit, where they can
touch dangerous voltage points or
damage parts.

9. Replacement of parts

When replacement of parts is required,
be sure the service technician uses
replacement parts specified by the
manufacturer or those that have the
same characteristics as the original part.
Unauthorized substitution may result in
additional damage to the unit.

22

5. Ventilation

a) The slots on top of the product must be
left uncovered to allow proper airflow into
the unit.

b) Do not stand the product on soft
furnishings or carpets.

c) Do not stack electronic equipment on
top of the product.

10. Connection to the aerial

Disconnect the product from the mains
before connecting or disconnecting the
cable from the aerial. Failure to do so can
damage the aerial.

11. Connection to the TV

Disconnect the product from the mains
before connecting or disconnecting the
cable from the TV. Failure to do so can
damage the TV.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

12. Location

a) Place the product indoors to avoid
exposing it to lightning, rain or sun.
Do not place it near a radiator or heat
register.

b) We recommend that the product
has 10 cm clearance from any other
appliances susceptible to electromagnetic
influences, such as a TV or a VCR.

c) Do not block the openings with any
object, and do not place the product on a
bed, sofa, rug, or other similar surface.

d) If you place the product on a rack or a
bookcase, ensure that there is adequate
ventilation and that you have followed
the manufacturer’s instructions for
mounting.

e) Do not place the product on an unstable
cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table where
it can fall. A falling product can cause
serious injury to a child or adults, and
serious damage to the appliance.

23

WARNING

1. To avoid damage of the power cord or
plug

a) Do not modify or process the power
cord or plug arbitrarily.

b) Do not bend or twist the power cord.

c) Make sure to disconnect the power cord
holding the plug.

d) Keep heating appliances as far as
possible from the power cord in order to
prevent the cover vinyl from melting.

e) The mains plug, as a disconnection
device, shall remain readily accessible by
the user.

2. To avoid electrical shock

a) Do not open the main body.

b) Do not insert metal or inflammable
objects inside the product.

3. To avoid damage of product

Do not use the product when it is out of
order. If you continue to use the product
when defective, serious damage can be
caused. Make sure to contact your local
product distributor if the product is out
of order.

4. To avoid damage of the USB hard drive

a) Do not turn the power o suddenly
while the USB hard drive is running.

b) The company shall not be liable for
any corruption of data on USB hard drive
caused by carelessness or misuse.

c) Do not touch the power plug with wet
hands.

d) Disconnect the power cord in case of
lightning.

e) Unplug power cable to install the
antenna cable.

24

TROUBLESHOOTING

Before contacting your local service
centre, please read the tips below
carefully. If the problem persists after
completing the following procedure,
please contact your local product
distributor or service centre for further
instructions.

1. The product will not switch on.

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sure it is plugged into a suitable power
outlet.

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on.

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power outlet.

2. No picture

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on and in operation mode. (Press the
STANDBY button)

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connected to the TV.

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properly connected to the product.

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3. Poor picture/sound quality

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microwave oven near the product.

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apart from each other.

Note: If the antenna is covered with snow
or the RF is weakened by heavy rain,
the condition of the sound and picture
may temporarily be poor. However, poor
sound and picture quality due to weather
conditions cannot be accepted as a
malfunction of product.

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one as this will increase the signal levels
received.

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factor in cases where the noise factor is
too high.

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factor in case the noise factor is too high.

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it is damaged or out of order.

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place.

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your antenna if the level is too low. The
signal level may be aected by weather
conditions.

25

TROUBLESHOOTING

4. No or poor sound

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correctly.

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the product.

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5. Remote control does not operate.

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STB mode is selected on the remote control.

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remote control should point directly towards
the receiving part of the product.

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remote control.

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for a new set.

7. Channel search does not work.

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menu is correct.

8. Cannot record progammes.

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recording purpose.

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unnecessary programmes and make space
for new recording.

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another channel. Stop the current recording
or wait until the recording is finished.

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the recording starts.

6. Cannot make reservations.

Ţ$IFDLUIBUOPQSFWJPVTSFTFSWBUJPOTBSF

conflicting with the new reservation.

26

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

1. Select the button on the remote
control. The button will blink once.

2. Keep pressing the button for 3 seconds
until the button lights on.

3. Enter the 3-digit code. Every time a
number is entered, the button will blink.
When the third digit is entered, the
button will blink twice.

4. If a valid 3-digit code is entered, the
product will power o.

5. Press the button and the mode
button will blink three times. The setup is
complete.

Button TV Button TV

STANDBY POWER Exit EXIT

TV

6. If the product does not power o,
repeat the instruction from 3 to 5.

TOP TIP

When no code is entered for one
minute, the universal setting mode
will switch to normal mode.

Try several setting codes and select
the code that has the most functions.

Remote Control Function List

OK

The keys on the remote control function
as in the list below. Some keys may not
function depending on the product.

TV VOLUME UP

STB VOLUME DOWN

RECORDINGS Home MENU

MUTE MUTE i INFO

TEXT TEXT P ^ PAGE UP













R PIP MOVE 2 2

ll TEXT HOLD 3 3

List 4 4

Search 5 5

TV Guide GUIDE 6 6

OK OK 7 7

UP UP 8 8

TEXT MIX P v PAGE DOWN

PIP INPUT RED RED

TEXT OFF, GREEN GREEN

PIP OFF YELLOW YELLOW

TEXT EXPAND BLUE BLUE

PIP 1 1

27

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

LEFT LEFT 9 9

RIGHT RIGHT 0 0

DOWN DOWN SUB SUBTITLE

Back LAST AD

TV Code List

Brand Code

A.R. Systems 102, 006, 080, 066

Accent 006

Acer 261, 278, 305

Acoustic Solutions 210, 312, 324, 370, 386, 428, 477

Acura 002

ADL 224

Admiral 043, 014, 015, 023

Advent 192, 342

Adyson 034, 035

AEG 211, 256, 327, 489

Agashi 043, 034, 035

AGB 094

Agef 014

Aiko 006, 061, 043, 074, 002, 004, 011,

Aim 006, 171

Airis 316, 413, 473

Aiwa 139, 141, 445

Akai 102, 006, 098, 144, 145, 111, 061,

Akiba 006, 036, 080, 045

Akito 006, 044

Akura 006, 144, 134, 204, 043, 036, 002,

Alaron 034

Alba 006, 144, 134, 204, 087, 064, 036,

AlfaView 220

All-Tel 190, 238

Allorgan 032, 035

028, 034, 035, 065

043, 074, 148, 232, 280, 128, 122,
461, 109, 462, 489, 094, 084, 083,
065, 035, 034, 033, 028, 023, 011,
004, 002, 154, 321

026, 045, 071, 298, 327, 376, 451

005, 108, 473, 455, 447, 388, 099,
084, 077, 072, 065, 059, 034,
023, 002

Allstar 006

Amitech 131, 241

Amoi 315

Amplivision 064, 035, 049

Amstrad 006, 204, 043, 036, 074, 002, 023,

Anam 006, 002

Anam National 006, 129

Andersson 210, 211

Anglo 043, 002

Anitech 006, 043, 002, 045

Ansonic 006, 134, 064, 002, 017, 023, 042,

AOC 120, 266, 335

Apollo 083

Apro 420

Arc En Ciel 020

Arcam 034, 035

Ardem 006, 144

Arena 006

Aristona 102, 006

ART 204

Arthur Martin 023

ASA 010, 014, 017, 018, 055

Asberg 006

Asora 002

Asuka 043, 036, 034, 035, 045

Atec 340, 387

Atlantic 006, 032, 034, 042, 049

Atori 002

Auchan 023

026, 062, 065, 071, 094, 128, 410,
436, 451

048 , 066, 070, 285

28

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Audiosonic 006, 144, 086, 145, 043, 064, 036,

Audioton 086, 043, 064, 035

Audiovox 079

Aumark 009

Autovox 014, 032, 035, 056, 097

AVC 472

Avious 352

Awa 111, 005, 019, 002, 003, 035,

Axxent 002

Baier 192

Baird 011, 012, 020, 033, 035, 054, 218

Bang & Olufsen 014

Barco 023

Basic Line 102, 006, 134, 204, 036, 080, 002,

Bastide 035

Bauer 171, 344

Baur 006, 030, 061, 028, 056, 093, 096,

Bazin 035

Beaumark 027

Beko 006, 144, 086, 145, 111, 064, 072,

Belson 138, 201, 215

Belstar 204

BenQ 223, 328, 329

Bensten 258, 436, 437

Beon 006, 072

Berthen 134

Best 064

Bestar 006, 064, 066

Bestar-Daewoo 066

Binatone 035

Black Diamond 444, 204, 211

Blackway 036, 045

Blaupunkt 030, 005, 080, 025, 028, 096, 101

Blue Media 340, 387

002, 020, 035, 066, 190, 250,
405, 473

079, 271

023, 035, 045, 053, 066, 211

097, 101

172, 361, 405

Blue Sky 102, 006, 144, 134, 204, 145, 087,

Blue Star 045

BlueH 391

Boca 361

Boman 256

Boots 002, 035, 044

Bork 265

Bosch 049

BPL 006, 033, 045, 202

Brandt 120, 144, 103, 020, 046, 052

Brimax 380

Brinkmann 006, 134, 086, 072, 095

Brionvega 006, 014, 062

Britannia 034, 035

Brother 043

Bruns 014

BSR 023

BTC 036

Bush 102, 006, 144, 134, 204, 138, 087,

Canton 036

Capsonic 043

Carad 134, 204, 113

Carena 006, 080

Carrefour 006, 005, 010

Carver 025

Cascade 006, 002

Casio 006

Cat 373, 504

Cathay 006, 386

CCE 006

cello 397, 410, 418, 419, 420

Centrum 204

Centurion 006

Century 014

036, 080, 091, 119, 045, 215, 229,
254, 265, 310, 361, 380, 445

061, 043, 036, 005, 108, 376, 373,
370, 361, 355, 352, 327, 388, 430,
431, 432, 440, 448, 451, 473, 476,
477, 478, 002, 033, 035, 044, 045,
056, 059, 065, 066, 095, 133, 164,
210, 213, 229, 232, 250

29

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

30

CGE 064, 023, 072

Changhong 180

Chimei 475, 415

Cimline 036, 002

Cineral 079

Cinex 128, 213, 327

Citizen 009

City 002

Clarivox 006, 010, 072

Classic 091

Clatronic 006, 144, 043, 064, 036, 002, 035,

Clayton 204

CMS 034

CMS Hightec 035

Concorde 002

Condor 006, 043, 064, 002, 034, 045,

Conia 179, 201, 298, 376

Conrac 172

Contec 006, 005, 002, 034

Continental Edison 087, 020, 046

Cosmel 006, 002

Crosley 014, 023

Crown 006, 144, 134, 204, 086, 145, 087,

Crown Mustang 135

CS Electronics 036, 034

CTX 395

Curtis Mathes 009, 015, 021, 024, 079

Cybertron 036

Cytronix 246

D-Vision 102, 006, 451

Daewoo 102, 006, 124, 444, 036, 441, 406,

Dainichi 036, 034

Daitsu 237

Dansai 006, 005, 002, 004, 033, 034, 035

Dansette 071

049, 065, 256

049, 070, 072

111, 143, 064, 361, 135, 072, 071,
053, 033, 002

341, 338, 271, 249, 195, 192, 190,
164, 133, 119, 091, 079, 066, 035,
034, 002

Dantax 144, 204, 086, 145, 064, 361,

Datsura 033

Dawa 006

Daytek 221, 269, 271

Dayton 002, 221, 269

Daytron 006, 002, 066

De Graaf 098, 007, 023, 033

DEC 258

Decca 006, 011, 035, 044, 094, 118

Dell 235, 278

Denko 043

Denon 021

Denver 006, 108, 214, 256, 352, 410, 453,

Desmet 006, 002, 014, 049

DGM 436

Diamant 006

Diamond 181

DiBoss 293

Digatron 006

Digihome 210, 370

Digiline 006, 134, 018

Digimate 198

Digital Device 340

Digitek 310, 380

Digitrex 478

Digix Media 195

Dixi 006, 002, 014, 035

DL 199, 258

DMTech 260, 438, 449, 454, 456

Domeos 134

Dream Vision 379

DTS 002

Dual 006, 204, 208, 035, 042, 054,

Dual Tec 035

Dumont 010, 011, 014, 017, 035

Durabrand 285, 361, 453

445, 450

473, 489

056, 095, 097, 164, 210, 219,
237, 468

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Dux 006

Dynatech 035

Dynatron 006

e-motion 380

E:max 256, 316

Easy Living 230, 326, 402

Ecco 162

ECE 006

Edison-Minerva 087

Eiki 150

Elba-Sharp 094

Elbe 102, 006, 113, 036, 028, 035, 042,

Elcit 014, 023, 094

Elekta 043, 045

Element 376

Elfunk 204, 222

ELG 006

Elin 006, 098, 061, 002, 017, 056

Elite 006, 036, 049

Elta 043, 002

Emerson 006, 144, 134, 444, 086, 061, 064,

Emperor 045

Envision 266

Epson 243, 184, 186

Erae 267

Erres 006

ESC 006, 035

Etron 002, 023

Eurofeel 043, 035

Euroman 006, 043, 064, 034, 035

Europa 006

Europhon 006, 035, 094

Evesham 230, 340, 370, 382, 387

Evesham Technology 387

Evolution 395

Excors 467

Expert 023, 032, 042

048, 062, 070, 075, 094, 099, 121

010, 014, 027, 045, 049, 065, 119

Exquisit 006

FairTec 268

Fenner 002, 066

Ferguson 006, 120, 098, 103, 030, 204, 012,

Fidelity 006, 061, 043, 023, 026, 029, 034,

Filsai 035

Finlandia 098, 061, 011, 023, 033, 055

Finlux 102, 006, 144, 145, 333, 327, 172,

Firstline 102, 006, 144, 134, 204, 061, 341,

Fisher 061, 064, 005, 008, 011, 014, 017,

Flint 006, 113, 043, 036, 080, 011

Force 210

Forgestone 029

Formenti 006, 014, 023, 034, 049

Formenti-Phoenix 034, 049

Fortress 014, 015

Fraba 006, 064

Friac 006, 113, 064, 002, 091

Frontech 043, 002, 023, 035

Fujimaro 190

Fujitsu 002, 011, 032, 035, 042, 137,

Fujitsu General 002, 032, 035, 137

Fujitsu Siemens 172, 211, 230, 246, 268, 369

Funai 144, 134, 043, 275, 336, 369, 407

Galaxi 006

Galaxis 006, 064

Gateway 394

GBC 036, 002, 023, 066

GE 015, 027, 045, 052, 079, 150, 442

GEC 006, 061, 011, 023, 035, 056, 094

Geloso 002, 023, 066

General 020, 046, 082

020, 029, 046, 052, 054, 077, 292,
447, 476

065, 071, 093, 097

122, 118, 094, 089, 084, 083,
070, 055, 035, 023, 018, 017, 014,
011, 010

267, 265, 250, 215, 172, 119, 097,
070, 066, 056, 050, 035, 034, 033,
011, 002

033, 035, 056, 097

173, 187

31

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

General Technic 002

Genexxa 006, 036, 002, 023, 071

Gericom 172, 190, 195, 220, 224, 246,

Go Video 009

Gold 397, 413, 484, 485

Goldfunk 134

GoldHand 034

GoldStar 006, 144, 145, 111, 061, 001, 007,

Gooding 087

Goodmans 102, 006, 120, 144, 103, 134, 124,

Gorenje 064

GPM 036

Gradiente 006, 025, 207

Graetz 144, 087, 061, 023, 053, 065, 211

Gran Prix 128

Granada 006, 098, 103, 005, 019, 038, 011,

Grandin 102, 006, 144, 134, 204, 145, 113,

Gronic 035

Grundig 102, 006, 030, 087, 142, 005, 108,

Grunkel 211

H & B 172, 456

Haier 138, 344, 392, 339

Halifax 043, 034, 035

Hallmark 027

Hampton 034, 035

Hanimex 036, 443

Hanns.G 402

Hannspree 262, 263, 264, 342, 401, 402, 463

Hanseatic 102, 006, 120, 144, 124, 061, 064,

Hantarex 006, 002, 094, 190, 260, 289

340, 388

020, 023, 027, 034, 035, 047, 067

444, 204, 087, 043, 036, 005, 478,
211, 232, 477, 250, 476, 271, 445,
355, 370, 373, 440, 376, 382, 383,
386, 002, 004, 011, 035, 047, 052,
054, 065, 066, 084, 091, 094, 119,
121, 133, 172, 195, 210

023, 033, 035, 053, 054, 060, 081,
083, 094, 008

036, 080, 272, 270, 269, 246, 220,
215, 195, 190, 119, 066, 049, 045,
023, 002

498, 476, 448, 447, 445, 430, 405,
370, 271, 267, 250, 225, 135, 121,
010, 101, 096, 028, 077

172, 133, 097, 095, 091, 067, 056,
049, 048, 045, 035, 014, 002

Hantor 006

Harsper 190

Harwa 162, 218, 238

Harwood 006, 087, 002, 071

Hauppauge 006

Havermy 015

HCM 006, 043, 036, 002, 035, 045,

Hema 002, 035

Hemmermann 056, 097

Hifivox 020

Higashi 034

Highline 006, 043

Hikona 036, 452

Hinari 006, 043, 036, 005, 002, 033,

Hisawa 144, 113, 036, 080, 045

Hisense 102, 092, 165, 254, 265, 366, 491

Hit 014

Hitachi 006, 098, 124, 204, 208, 005, 019,

Hitachi Fujian 019

Hitsu 113, 036, 080, 002

HMV 014

Hoeher 144, 190, 211, 327

Home Electronics 111

Hornyphon 006

Hoshai 036, 080, 045

Huanyu 034, 066

Hugoson 198, 224

Humax 505, 299, 506, 507, 245, 319, 322,

HYD 271

Hygashi 034, 035

Hyper 002, 034, 035

Hypersonic 061

Hypson 102, 006, 144, 134, 204, 086, 145,

071, 072

059, 077, 443

037, 146, 152, 153, 163, 169, 193,
197, 007, 206, 210, 217, 227, 295,
296, 330, 377, 399, 424, 483, 020,
021, 023, 027, 035, 054, 056, 060,
076, 081, 083, 084, 085, 089, 091,
094, 018, 106, 107, 011

411, 433, 479

043, 080, 035, 045, 118

32

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Hyundai 164, 190, 192, 241, 244, 271, 291,

Iberia 006

ICE 006, 043, 036, 034, 035, 065

ICeS 036, 034

iDEAL 327

Igo 226

IISonic 271, 308, 342

Iiyama 193, 198, 224

Imperial 006, 064, 056, 072, 121, 487

Indiana 006

InFocus 212, 220, 283

Ingelen 144, 113, 087, 023

Ingersol 002

Inno Hit 036, 002, 011, 035, 045, 047,

Innovation 095

Innowert 190, 246

Interbuy 006, 043, 002

Interfunk 006, 061, 014, 020, 023, 056, 093

Internal 102, 444, 119

Intervision 006, 086, 087, 043, 036, 080,

Irradio 006, 036, 002, 047, 065, 147

Isukai 006, 036, 080, 045

ITC 035, 049

ITS 006, 043, 036, 034, 045, 065

ITT 098, 113, 061, 023, 029, 033, 053

ITT Nokia 098, 113, 111, 061, 023, 033, 053

ITV 006, 043, 066

JDV 451

Jean 005, 307, 308

JEC 004

JMB 102, 124, 077, 091

JNC 378

Jocel 143

Jouge 284

Jubilee 102

317, 338, 340, 341, 439

094, 211

002, 035, 045, 067, 095

055, 056, 083, 084, 097

055, 056, 083, 084

JVC 111, 036, 005, 129, 130, 015, 029

Kaisui 006, 036, 080, 002, 034, 035, 045

Kamp 034

Kapsch 061, 017, 023, 032, 042

Karcher 144, 113, 111, 043, 064, 045, 164,

Kathrein 102, 195

Kawa 065

Kawasho 034

KB Aristocrat 023

Kendo 006, 204, 113, 064, 062, 067, 070,

Kennedy 023, 032, 075

Kennex 204

Keymat 258, 300, 398, 436, 437

Kingsley 034

Kioto 142

Kiss 170

Kiton 006, 134

Kneissel 102, 006, 113, 064, 042, 048, 062

Kobra 290

Kolster 006, 036, 056

Konig 006, 016

Konka 006, 144, 036, 065, 072, 126,

Kontakt 087

Korpel 006

Korting 064, 014, 049

Kosmos 006

Kotron 071, 440

Koyoda 002

Kreisen 192, 293

KTV 035

Kuba 056

Kyoshu 071, 072

Kyoto 023, 034, 035

L&S Electronic 144, 172, 190

LaSAT 086

065, 072, 137, 149, 207, 264, 362
408, 496

327, 451

095, 099, 128, 210, 285, 333

066, 070, 075, 091

158, 201

33

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Lava 293

Lavis 204

Leader 002

Lecson 006

Lemair 070

Lenco 006, 108, 017, 066, 352, 452

Lenoir 002, 214

Lentec 316

Lexsor 218, 303

Leyco 006, 043, 011

LG 102, 006, 144, 145, 138, 061, 064,

Liesenk & Tter 006

Liesenkotter 006

Lifetec 006, 144, 134, 204, 208, 036, 002

Lloyd’s 002

Local India TV 002, 033, 109, 280

Lodos 204, 210

Loewe 006, 064, 014, 048, 093, 094, 123

Logic 494

Logik 204, 001, 003, 029, 162, 195, 224,

Logix 134, 095

Luker 451

Luma 204, 002, 023, 032, 042, 062,

Lumatron 006, 043, 012, 023, 032, 035, 042

Lux May 006, 002

Luxor 098, 204, 061, 023, 033, 035, 047,

LXI 022

M Electronic 006, 144, 124, 030, 061, 361, 133,

Madison 006

MAG 298, 376

Magnadyne 014, 023, 094, 097

Magnafon 012, 034, 094

Magnavox 005, 003

248, 281, 354, 367, 368, 384, 396,
416, 417, 425, 426, 215, 209, 067,
047, 035, 034, 027, 023, 002, 001,
236, 257

066, 095, 137

131, 167, 414, 434

292, 376, 464, 465, 466

066, 070

055, 056, 060, 083, 084, 122, 211

093, 089, 084, 070, 066, 056,
055, 054, 046, 035, 034, 023, 020,
018, 017, 002

Magnin 442

Magnum 006, 144, 145, 128, 242

Mandor 043

Manesth 006, 043, 004, 035, 049

Manhattan 006, 134, 204, 164, 192, 237, 293

Maqma 290, 340, 378, 404

Marantz 102, 006, 071, 140, 277, 317

Marelli 014

Mark 006, 144, 145, 002, 034, 035, 066

Marks and Spencer 420

Marquant 478

Mascom 327, 432

Master’s 091

Masuda 036

Matsui 102, 006, 144, 030, 204, 087, 005,

Matsushita 129

Maxent 394, 160

Maxim 213, 327, 451

Medialine 220, 449

Mediator 102, 006

Medion 102, 006, 144, 134, 204, 138, 208,

Megas 113

Megatron 021, 027

MEI 204

Memorex 204, 002, 009, 027

Memphis 002, 011

Mercury 006, 002

Metronic 120

Metz 006, 134, 030, 108, 014 ,028, 063

MGA 027, 442

Micromaxx 006, 134, 204, 121, 172, 256, 456

Microspot 343

Microstar 172

Mikomi 204, 153, 210

Minato 006

080, 074, 153, 195, 097, 094, 369,
445, 077, 447, 065, 059, 056, 052,
044, 035, 033, 028, 011, 008, 004,
003, 002

172, 195, 093, 040, 210, 213, 219,
230, 285, 327, 370, 440, 456

096, 101, 211, 318

34

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Minerva 030, 087, 019, 010, 028, 094,

Minoka 006, 071

Mirai 369, 423, 482

Mirror 440

Mistral Electronics 029

Mitsai 327

Mitsubishi 102, 006, 204, 005, 019, 014, 015,

Mivar 034, 035, 047, 048, 094, 112

Mogen 374, 410

Monaco 002

Morgan’s 006

Motorola 015

MTC 064, 009, 034, 056, 093

MTEC 044

MTlogic 144, 473

Multibroadcast 029

Multitec 006, 134, 204, 086, 327

Multitech 006, 086, 043, 064, 002, 034, 035

Murphy 017, 023, 034

Musikland 036

Mx Onda 298, 376

MyCom 271

Myrica 369

Myryad 102

NAD 006, 061, 190

Naiko 006, 111, 157, 451

Nakimura 006, 066

Narita 451

NAT 038

National 038

NEC 005, 002, 003, 025, 035, 040,

Neckermann 102, 006, 064, 014, 028, 049, 056,

NEI 006, 204, 065

Neon 237, 389

Neovia 190, 192, 220, 260, 267, 268, 271,

096, 101

027, 093, 096, 191, 311

049, 066, 140, 239, 379

070, 072, 101

273, 449, 454

Nesx 389

Netsat 006

NetTV 160

Neufunk 102, 006, 144, 113, 036, 002

New Tech 102, 006, 002, 035, 054

New World 036

Nextier 338

NFREN 170

Nicam 097

Nicamagic 034

Nikkai 006, 043, 036, 005, 002, 004, 011,

Nikkei 144

Nikko 027

Nobliko 010, 034

Nogamatic 020

Nokia 098, 113, 111, 061, 023, 033, 049,

Norcent 266, 335

Nordic 035

Nordmende 006, 144, 103, 030, 020, 046, 054,

Normerel 006

Northern Star 220

Novatronic 006, 018, 066

Novita 273

Oceanic 098, 061, 023, 033, 083

Odeon 043

Okano 006, 043, 064, 002, 011

Olidata 271

Omega 043

Onida 207, 226

Onimax 144

Onn 380, 465, 477, 495, 497, 500, 501

Onwa 036, 074, 065, 109

Onyx 380, 397

Opera 006

Optimus 129, 024

034, 035

053, 055, 056, 066, 083, 084,
089, 122

242, 280, 499

35

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Optoma 234, 346, 371

Orbit 006

Orcom 300

Orion 102, 006, 144, 204, 467, 458, 457,

Orline 006, 036

Ormond 134, 204

Orsowe 094

Osaki 102, 006, 043, 036, 011, 035, 044,

Osio 006, 047

Oso 036

Osume 006, 036, 005, 011

Otic 298, 376

Otto Versand 102, 006, 030, 061, 005, 038, 028,

Pacific 102, 144, 204, 208, 077, 256

Packard Bell 254, 293

Pael 034

Palladium 102, 006, 144, 064, 208, 035, 056,

Palsonic 006, 138, 043, 001, 035, 072, 218,

Panama 006, 043, 002, 034, 035

Panasonic 006, 098, 061, 129, 038, 023,

Panavision 006, 070

Pathe Cinema 023, 034, 048, 049

Pathe Marconi 020

Pausa 002

Penney 009, 022, 027, 442

Perdio 006, 011, 023, 034, 045, 049

Perfekt 006

Petters 006

Philco 006, 064, 014, 021, 072

Philex 029

Philharmonic 035

Philips 102, 006, 061, 459, 435, 429, 395,

456, 448, 445, 443, 385, 218, 195,
131, 097, 094, 077, 071, 059, 050,
049, 003

059, 066, 071

020, 035, 049, 054, 056, 015, 093,
096, 097, 101

028, 070, 072, 095, 101, 023, 121,
131 ,014

238, 303

063, 094, 187, 251, 294, 353, 359,
279, 306

310, 302, 297, 247, 125, 110, 101,
073, 066, 054, 029, 014, 002

Phocus 144, 242, 250, 361, 405

Phoenix 006, 086, 064, 011, 014, 023,

Phonola 102, 006, 014, 029, 034

Pilot 142

Pioneer 006, 086, 061, 064, 020, 023, 024,

Pionier 086, 064, 327

Plantron 006, 043, 002

Playsonic 006, 144, 145, 035, 053, 361, 405

Polaroid 298, 312, 355, 376, 383, 390, 240

Poppy 002

Portland 066, 119

Powerpoint 006, 138, 087, 201

Prandoni-Prince 061, 094

Precision 035

Premier 199

Prima 043, 002, 071, 218, 238, 303

PrimeView 340

Prinston 204, 145

Prinz 061, 011, 056, 097

Profex 061, 002, 023

Profi 002

Profilo 327

Profitronic 006

Proline 006, 120, 124, 204, 011, 050, 070,

Prosco 002

Prosonic 006, 144, 134, 064, 034, 035, 065,

Protech 006, 134, 204, 086, 043, 002, 035,

Proton 027

ProVision 102, 006, 144, 256

Proxima 150, 152

Pvision 192, 310, 456

Pye 102, 006, 014, 056, 066, 101

Pymi 002

QONIX 352

Quadral 036

034, 049

046, 073, 093, 136, 159, 233, 277,
286, 381

118, 121, 271, 324, 386, 450

066, 389, 403, 428, 437, 467, 486

045, 056, 072

36

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Quasar 002, 190

Quelle 006, 134, 030, 204, 061, 101, 097,

Questa 005

R-Line 006

Radialva 036, 023

Radiola 102, 006, 035

Radiomarelli 006, 014, 094

RadioShack 006, 027

Radiotone 006, 134, 204, 043, 064, 002, 071,

Rank 010

Rank Arena 005

RBM 010

RCA 120, 015, 442

RealiTV 237

Reality 237

Recor 006

Rectiligne 006

Rediusion 098, 061, 005, 055

Redstar 006

Reflex 006, 134, 204

Relisys 190, 192, 193, 194, 220, 221, 271,

Remotec 006, 015, 021, 026

Reoc 144

Revox 006

Rex 043, 023, 032, 042, 070, 099

RFT 006, 043, 011, 014

Roadstar 006, 144, 134, 204, 145, 043, 036,

Robotron 014

Rolson 178, 267

Rover 193

Royal Lux 064, 052, 071

Saba 120, 098, 144, 103, 061, 014, 020,

Sagem 113, 080, 182, 253, 337

Saisho 043, 002, 003, 023, 035, 094, 097

Saivod 006, 134, 204, 143, 211, 327, 451

096, 093, 056, 028, 020, 017,
010, 003

072, 128

310, 333, 338, 341, 355, 390

002, 045, 072, 214, 440

023, 046, 052, 054, 090, 094, 335

Sakai 023

Salora 098, 061, 023, 033, 047, 056, 060,

Salsa 052

Sambers 094

Sampo 394, 160

Samsung 102, 006, 043, 064, 108, 115, 231,

Sandra 034, 035

Sansui 006, 142, 131, 148, 189, 267, 326

Santon 002

Sanyo 204, 064, 005, 019, 442, 370, 363,

SBR 102, 006, 029

Schaub Lorenz 098, 144, 086, 111, 061, 056, 066,

Schneider 102, 006, 144, 134, 204, 061, 208,

Scotch 027

Scotland 023

Scott 214

Sears 022, 026, 027

Seaway 124

Seelver 204

SEG 006, 134, 204, 087, 043, 036, 005,

SEI 006, 014, 023, 032, 056, 094, 097

Sei-Sinudyne 006, 014, 032, 094, 097

Seleco 023, 032, 042, 055, 062, 065, 070,

Semp 022

Sencora 002

Sentra 004

Serino 113, 080, 015, 034

Sharp 005, 130, 216, 015, 029, 088, 094,

Shintoshi 006

Shivaki 006, 077

Siarem 014, 023, 094

084, 094, 118, 122, 213, 219, 327

252, 276, 287, 332, 345, 350, 351,
372, 442, 474, 488, 490, 492, 228,
176, 175, 127, 095,047, 035, 034,
033, 027, 023, 011, 009, 002

358, 357, 356, 222, 200, 150, 140,
097, 053, 048, 035, 034, 033, 025,
023, 017, 011, 008, 003, 002, 240

215, 256, 267

036, 451, 450, 293, 128, 097, 095,
065, 056, 054, 042, 035, 023, 010

285, 211, 210, 119, 062, 056, 035,
034, 002

075, 099

177, 274, 334, 365, 409, 166, 288

37

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Siemens 006, 030, 028, 096, 101

Siera 102, 006

Siesta 064

Silva 006, 061, 034, 128

Silva Schneider 006, 213, 327, 451

Silvano 108

Silver 145, 061, 005

SilverCrest 204

Singer 006, 074, 002, 014, 052, 075

Sinotec 162

Sinudyne 006, 061, 014, 023, 032, 056,

Skantic 060

SKY 006, 195, 271, 300, 307, 308, 340,

SKY Brazil 195

Sliding 170, 190, 195, 256, 269, 270, 272

SLX 134

Smaragd 087

Soemtron 190, 246

Sogera 049

Sogo 271, 473

Solavox 006, 098, 061, 011, 023

Sonawa 036

Soniko 006

Sonitron 064, 033, 035, 053

Sonix 271, 389

Sonneclair 006

Sonoko 006, 043, 002, 035, 045

Sonolor 098, 061, 023, 033, 045

Sontec 006, 064, 002

Sony 006, 301, 005, 446, 412, 393,

Sound & Vision 036, 066

Soundesign 027

Soundwave 006, 204, 145, 049, 072, 420

Spectra 002

Squareview 026

094, 097

341, 342, 343, 344, 391, 400, 421

375, 360, 325, 255, 203, 185, 174,
058, 003

Ssangyong 002

Standard 006, 204, 036, 002, 035, 049,

Starlite 006, 043, 002, 023

Stenway 036, 045

Stern 043, 023, 032, 042, 070, 099

Strato 006, 043, 002, 403

Strong 210, 211

Stylandia 035

SunBrite 284

Sungoo 470

Sunkai 113, 087, 036, 080, 050, 059, 190

Sunstar 006, 043, 002, 065

Sunstech 456

Sunwood 006

Superla 034, 035, 094

SuperTech 102, 006, 036, 002, 034

Supra 002, 066

Susumu 036, 046, 052

Sutron 002

SVA 108, 190

Swedx 340

Swissflex 481

Swisstec 481, 480, 422, 421, 401, 400, 391,

Sydney 034, 035

Sylvania 026, 275, 427

Sysline 006

Sytong 034

Tactus 044

Tandberg 061, 020, 063

Tandy 036, 011, 015, 023, 035

Targa 237, 267

Tashiko 005, 023, 025, 034, 035

Tatung 006, 003, 011, 035, 044, 094, 118,

TCL 142, 321

TCM 144, 172, 242, 456

066, 380

344, 343, 342, 341, 340, 308, 307,
300, 271, 195, 190

215, 230, 256, 267, 326, 327, 382,
383, 395

38

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Teac 006, 144, 134, 138, 143, 043, 080,

Tec 006, 002, 035, 042, 052, 082

Tech Line 006, 134, 211, 285

Tech Lux 214

Techica 036

Technema 049

Technica 118, 451

Technics 102, 129

Technika 422, 428, 465, 468, 480, 493

TechniSat 102, 131, 237

Technisson 144, 242, 361

Technosonic 102, 120, 091, 195, 256, 258, 436,

Technotrend 316, 378

Techwood 204, 211

Teckton 271

Tecnimagen 102

Teco 205

Tedelex 002, 035, 380

Teiron 002

Tek 168

Teknika 009

TELE System 192

Teleavia 046, 054

Telecor 006, 036, 023, 035, 042

Telefunken 006, 120, 144, 103, 086, 320, 202,

Telefusion 006

Telegazi 006, 043, 036, 023, 042

Telemagic 150

Telemeister 006, 049

Telesonic 006

Telestar 102, 006

Teletech 006, 134, 204, 002

Teleton 005, 032, 035, 042, 056

Televideon 023, 034, 049

Teleview 006

Tempest 002

002, 025, 026, 027, 056, 093

437, 451, 468

105, 090, 082, 055, 054, 052, 046,
020, 016, 012, 348

Tennessee 006

Tensai 006, 204, 145, 036, 002, 017, 018,

Tenson 002, 049

Tevion 102, 006, 144, 134, 204, 208, 468,

Texet 036, 002, 034, 035, 066

Texla 165

Thes 467, 469, 471

Thomson 006, 120, 103, 020, 046, 052, 054,

Thorn 006, 061, 005, 100, 096, 093, 091,

Thorn-Ferguson 012, 029, 052, 054, 091

Time 378, 454, 455

Tiny 238

TMK 027

Tobishi 310

Tokai 006, 134, 204, 002, 011, 023,

Tokaido 204

Tokyo 004, 034

Tomashi 036, 045

Topline 134, 204

Toshiba 030, 204, 005, 115, 129, 092, 447,

Tosumi 451

Towada 035, 056

Toyoda 002

Trakton 043

TRANS-continents 102, 006, 134, 204, 035, 118, 190,

Transonic 006, 108, 002

Transtec 034

Trident 035, 094

Trio 298, 376

Tristar 043, 036, 029

Triumph 102, 006, 055, 094

Tsoschi 045

TVTEXT 95 102

035, 049, 065, 066, 067

405, 403, 376, 355, 327, 298, 246,
242, 232, 230, 172, 128

056, 082, 335

054, 052, 044, 029, 020, 017, 012,
011, 004

035, 066

364, 313, 304, 242, 212, 211, 183,
100, 039, 022, 020, 010, 009, 004,
236, 257

269, 272

39

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

TWF 432

Uher 006, 086, 064, 032, 042, 049,

Ultravox 006, 014, 023 034, 066

UMC 308, 340, 343, 391, 400, 422, 480,

Unic Line 006, 080, 083

United 006, 144, 204, 145, 108, 397,

Universal 006

Universum 006, 134, 030, 204, 061, 043, 064,

Univox 006, 014, 023

V2max 190

V7 Videoseven 195, 224, 237, 271, 369, 394

Venturer 324, 386, 428

Vestel 006, 134, 204, 035, 211, 333, 370

Vexa 006, 002

Vibrant 044

Victor 005

Videocon 092

Videologic 036, 034

Videologique 036, 034, 035

VideoSystem 006

Videotechnic 034, 035, 049, 066

Videoton 023, 060

Vidikron 150, 277

Vidtech 027

Viewpia 192

Viewsonic 307, 308, 323, 335, 349, 391, 394,

Visiola 034

Vision 006, 035, 049

Vistar 032

Vistron 265, 460

Vivax 250, 258

Vivid 250

Vortec 006

Voxson 006, 014, 023, 072

066, 072, 084

481, 493

445, 451

005, 115, 070, 072, 083, 084, 089,
093, 096, 097, 101, 122, 172, 211,
285, 062, 056, 055, 047, 035, 025,
020, 018, 017, 010, 003, 002

259, 331

Waltham 006, 134, 204, 020, 035, 060,

Wards 009, 022, 024, 027

Watson 006, 144, 134, 204, 036, 002, 023,

Watt Radio 023, 034, 056, 097

Wega 006, 005, 014

Wegavox 002

Welltech 014

Weltblick 035, 049

Weltstar 204

Westinghouse 189

Wharfedale 102, 006, 095, 189, 256, 327, 370,

White Westinghouse 006, 034, 049, 119

Wilson 102

Windsor 134, 204

Windstar 045

Windy Sam 102

World-of-Vision 190, 193, 195, 198, 224, 242, 246,

X-View 215

Xenius 124, 133

XLogic 188

Xomax 397

Xoro 218, 224, 229, 303, 404, 503

Xrypton 006

Yakumo 342

Yalos 398

Yamaha 169, 314, 330, 184

Yamishi 006, 036, 080, 035, 045

Yokan 006

Yoko 006, 043, 064, 036, 002, 034,

Yorx 036

Ytawai 316

Zanussi 032, 035

Zenith 119, 236

Zenor 053

072, 077

049, 095, 271, 285

452, 453, 477, 502

340, 389

035, 053

TV/VCR Combo

40

SETTING THE UNIVERSAL
REMOTE CONTROL

Aiwa 445

Amstrad 026

Beko 086

Black Diamond 444

Blue Sky 119, 445

Daewoo 444, 119

Dantax 445

Emerson 444, 119

Ferguson 120, 012

Fidelity 026

Finlux 017

Firstline 119

GE 015, 442

GoldStar 006

Goodmans 444, 066, 119, 445

Grandin 119

Grundig 102, 006, 030, 101, 445

Hanimex 443

Hinari 005, 443

Internal 444, 119

Irradio 147

LG 027

Magnin 442

Matsui 445

MGA 442

Mitsubishi 102, 015

Orion 443, 445

Penney 442

Philips 102, 006

Portland 119

Radiola 102

RCA 015, 442

Saba 120

Samsung 442

Sanyo 442

Schneider 102, 006

SEG 119

Sharp 015

Siemens 006

Sony 301, 446

Teac 026

Technics 102

Thomson 120

United 445

Universum 018

White Westinghouse 119

TV/VCR/DVD Combo

Bush 448

Ferguson 447

Grundig 448

Matsui 447

Orion 448

If the code for your equipment is not
listed, visit the following website
and see MDB1.3 for a complete list of
supported codes.

(http://www.humaxdigital.com/
global/support/rcucodelist.asp)

41

SPECIFICATION

Power Supply

Power Type: External Adaptor

Power Consumption: 12Vd.c./2A

Input Voltage: 100-240V a.c., 50/60Hz

Protection: Separate Internal Fuse & Lightning protection

Physical Specification

Size (W x H x D): 200 x 33 x155 (mm)

Weight: 485g

‘WEEE’ Instructions

This product should not be disposed with other household wastes at the end
of its working life. Please separate this from other types of wastes and recycle
it responsibly to promote the sustainable reuse of material resources. This will
prevent possible harm to the environment or human health from uncontrolled
waste disposal.

Domestic users:

Please contact either the retailer where you purchased this product or their
local government oce for details of where and how they can take this item for
environmentally safe recycling.

Business users:

Contact your supplier and check the terms and conditions of the purchase contract. This
product should not be mixed with other commercial wastes for disposal.

Trademarks

Ţ.BOVGBDUVSFEVOEFSMJDFOTFGSPN%PMCZ-BCPSBUPSJFT

Dolby and the double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories.

Ţ)%.*UIF)%.*-PHPBOE)JHI%FŻOJUJPO.VMUJNFEJBJOUFSGBDFBSFUSBEFNBSLTBOE
SFHJTUFSFEUSBEFNBSLTPG)%.*-JDFOTJOH--$

Note: The model name is located on the bottom of the product.

42

SPECIFICATION

EU regulatory conformance

Hereby, HUMAX Co., Ltd, declares that this HB-1000S is in compliance with the

essential requirements and other relevant provisions of EC Directives

Ţ&$-7%%JSFDUJWF

Ţ&$&.$%JSFDUJWF

Ţ&$&S1%JSFDUJWF

Ţ&63P)4%JSFDUJWF

The product carries the CE mark applied onto it.

The Declaration of conformity made under EC Directives and is available for

viewing at the following location in the EU community:

http://www.humaxdigital.com/global/support/support.html

43

OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
NOTICE

44

OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE
HUMA X product s use certai n open source o perating s ystem sof tware
distr ibuted purs uant to GNU GENE RAL PUB LIC LICEN SE Version 2
and GNU L ESSER GENER AL LICE NSE Version 2.1 e ach as defined an d
publish ed by the Free S oftwar e Foundatio n, Inc.
The fol lowing GPL an d LGPL soft ware sour ce codes used i n this produc t
can be pr ovided and th is oer is valid f or up to three y ears from th e
date of or iginal down load of the sof tware or p urchase of pr oduct
conta ining such sof tware. P lease conta ct us at gnu@hu maxdigita l.com.

GPL Software

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busybox
compiler
dnsmasq
mtd-utils

LGPL Software

id3lib
Libexif
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MIT Lic ense Soft ware

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libcurl
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pixman
jquery
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FreeType Li cense (FT L) Softw are

freetype
Por tions of this so ftware a re copyrig ht © <2007 > The FreeType Pr oject
(ww w.freety pe.org). A ll rights r eserved .

OpenSS L License So ftware

OpenSSL
This pr oduct includ es crypt ographic so ftwar e written b y Eric Young.
(eay@ crypts oft.com)
This pr oduct includ es softw are writ ten by Tim Huds on. (tjh@
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This pr oduct includ es softw are develo ped by the Open SSL Projec t for
use in the O penSSL Toolkit .
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libpng
libpng ve rsions 1.2. 6, August 15, 2 004, thro ugh 1.2.25 , Februar y 18,
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and are dis tributed a ccording to t he same disclai mer and license
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Contr ibuting Aut hors Cosmin Tru ta

Zlib License Softw are

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Copy right (C) 19 95-2004 Je an-loup Gaill y and Mark Adler

Ncurses License Software

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Copyright (c) 1998-2004,2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Libexpat License Software

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Copy right (c) 199 8, 1999, 200 0 Thai Open Sou rce Soft ware Cente r Ltd
and Clark Cooper
Copy right (c) 200 1, 2002, 200 3, 2004, 20 05, 2006 Exp at maintaine rs.

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Copy right (C) 19 91-2012 , Thomas G. La ne, Guido Vollbe ding.

wpa_supplicant Software

wpa_supplicant
Copyr ight (c) 2003 -2010, Joun i Malinen <HY PERLINK “m ailto:j@
w1.fi”j@w1.fi>

Use, mod ification a nd redistri bution of the O pen Source S oftwar e is
gover ned by the ter ms and conditi ons of the appli cable Open Sou rce
Licens e. The GNU Gen eral Public Li cense (GPL) v2 i s shown belo w.
The GNU G eneral Publi c License (GP L)
Versio n 2, June 1991
Copy right (C) 19 89, 1991 Fr ee Softw are Founda tion, Inc.
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Ever yone is permi tted to cop y and distribu te verbat im copies
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free dom to share and c hange it. By co ntrast, t he GNU Genera l Public
Licens e is intended to g uarantee y our freedom t o share and chan ge
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This Gen eral Public L icense applie s to most of the F ree Soft ware
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will indi vidually ob tain patent li censes, in e ect making t he program
propr ietary. To pre vent this, we ha ve made it clea r that any pat ent
must be li censed for ev eryone’s fr ee use or not lic ensed at all.
The pr ecise terms an d conditions f or copying, d istribut ion and
modification follow.
TERM S AND CONDI TIONS FOR C OPYING , DISTRIB UTION A ND
MODIFICATION

0. This L icense applie s to any progr am or other wor k which conta ins
a notic e placed by the c opyright h older saying i t may be distr ibuted
under th e terms of this Ge neral Public L icense. The “ Program”, bel ow,
refer s to any such pr ogram or wor k, and a “work b ased on the Pr ogram”
means ei ther the Pro gram or any der ivative w ork under cop yright
law: th at is to say, a work c ontaining the P rogram or a p ortion of it ,
either v erbatim or w ith modific ations and/or tr anslated in to another
languag e. (Hereina fter, transla tion is includ ed without li mitation in t he
term “mo dificatio n”.) Each license e is addressed a s “you”.
Acti vities ot her than copy ing, distrib ution and mod ification ar e not
cover ed by this Lice nse; they ar e outside its s cope. The ac t of running
the Pr ogram is not re stricte d, and the outp ut from the P rogram is
cover ed only if its c ontents con stitute a w ork based on th e Program
(indep endent of hav ing been made by r unning the Pr ogram). Whe ther
that is tr ue depends on w hat the Prog ram does.

1. You may co py and distri bute verba tim copies of t he Program’s
sourc e code as you rec eive it, in an y medium, prov ided that yo u
conspic uously and app ropriatel y publish on each c opy an approp riate
copyr ight notic e and disclaimer o f warrant y; keep inta ct all the not ices
that re fer to this Lic ense and to the ab sence of any wa rranty ; and
give an y other reci pients of the P rogram a cop y of this Licen se along
with the Program.
You may cha rge a fee for th e physical ac t of transf erring a cop y, and
you may a t your option o er warra nty prote ction in exc hange for a fee .

2. You may m odify your c opy or copies o f the Progra m or any port ion of
it, thu s forming a wor k based on the Pr ogram, and co py and distr ibute
such mod ifications o r work under th e terms of Sec tion 1 above ,
prov ided that you a lso meet all of th ese conditi ons:
a) You must c ause the modi fied files to car ry promin ent notices s tating
that yo u changed the fil es and the date o f any change.
b) You must ca use any work t hat you distr ibute or publi sh, that in who le
or in par t contains or is de rived fro m the Progr am or any part t hereof,
to be lice nsed as a whole a t no charge to all t hird parti es under the
terms o f this License .
c) If the m odified pro gram normall y reads comman ds interac tively
when ru n, you must caus e it, when st arted runn ing for such int eractiv e
use in the m ost ordinar y way, to print o r display an anno uncement
includin g an appropria te copyri ght notice an d a notice that t here is
no warr anty (or else , saying tha t you provid e a warrant y) and that
users ma y redistr ibute the pro gram under the se conditio ns, and
telling t he user how to vi ew a copy of this L icense. (E xception: if t he
Progr am itself is in teracti ve but does no t normally pr int such an
announc ement, your w ork based on t he Program i s not require d to print
an announcement.)
These r equiremen ts apply to the m odified wor k as a whole. If
identi fiable sec tions of that w ork are not der ived from t he Progra m,
and can be r easonably c onsidered ind ependent and s eparate wor ks
in thems elves, then t his License, a nd its terms, d o not apply to t hose
sect ions when you di stribute t hem as separa te works. B ut when you
distr ibute the sam e sections as p art of a whol e which is a work b ased
on the Pr ogram, the di stributi on of the whole m ust be on the ter ms of
this Lic ense, whose p ermissions f or other licen sees exte nd to the entir e
whole, a nd thus to each an d every par t regardl ess of who wro te it.
Thus, i t is not the inten t of this sect ion to claim rig hts or conte st your
right s to work wri tten entir ely by you; r ather, the inte nt is to exerc ise
the rig ht to contro l the distrib ution of deri vative or c ollectiv e works
based on t he Progra m.
In addit ion, mere aggr egation of a nother wor k not based on th e
Prog ram with the P rogram (or wi th a work base d on the Progr am) on
a volume o f a storage or di stributi on medium does no t bring the ot her
work un der the scope o f this License .

3. You may co py and distr ibute the Pr ogram (or a wor k based on it,
under Se ction 2) in obj ect code or ex ecutable f orm under the te rms of
Sect ions 1 and 2 abov e provided t hat you also do on e of the follow ing:
a) Accom pany it with t he complete c orrespond ing machine-r eadable
sourc e code, which mu st be distrib uted under th e terms of
Sect ions 1 and 2 abov e on a medium custo marily used f or softw are
interchange; or,
b) Accomp any it with a w ritten o er, valid for at le ast three ye ars, to
give an y third par ty, for a charge n o more than yo ur cost of phys ically
perf orming sour ce distribu tion, a comple te machine-r eadable cop y
of the cor respondin g source code , to be distrib uted under the t erms
of Sec tions 1 and 2 abov e on a medium cust omarily use d for soft ware
interchange; or,
c) Acco mpany it wit h the informa tion you rec eived as to th e oer to
distr ibute corre sponding sour ce code. (T his alterna tive is allow ed only
for non commercial di stributi on and only if yo u received t he program
in objec t code or exec utable for m with such an o er, in accord wi th
Subsec tion b abov e.)
The sou rce code for a w ork means the pr eferred f orm of the wor k for
making m odificatio ns to it. For an e xecutable w ork, compl ete source
code mea ns all the sourc e code for all mod ules it contai ns, plus any
associ ated inter face defini tion files, plu s the script s used to contr ol
compila tion and insta llation of th e executabl e. However, as a s pecial
excep tion, the sou rce code dist ributed ne ed not include an ything tha t
is norma lly distrib uted (in eith er source or bin ary form) w ith the major
compon ents (compiler, ke rnel, and so on) o f the operat ing system on
which t he executa ble runs, unles s that compone nt itself ac companies
the exe cutable.
If dist ribution of e xecutabl e or object cod e is made by oer ing access
to copy f rom a designa ted place, the n oering equ ivalent ac cess to
copy th e source code f rom the same pl ace counts as di stributi on of the
sourc e code, even th ough third par ties are no t compelled to co py the
sourc e along with th e object code .

4. You may n ot copy, modif y, sublicense, o r distribut e the Progr am
excep t as express ly provide d under this Lic ense. Any at tempt
other wise to copy, m odify, subli cense or distr ibute the Pr ogram is
void, an d will automat ically term inate your ri ghts under thi s License.
Howe ver, parties w ho have rec eived copie s, or rights, f rom you unde r
this Lic ense will not ha ve their licen ses terminat ed so long as such
part ies remain in fu ll compliance.

5. You are n ot required t o accept this L icense, since y ou have not si gned
it. Ho wever, nothin g else grants y ou permissi on to modify o r distribut e
the Pr ogram or its de rivati ve works. T hese actio ns are prohibi ted
by law if y ou do not accep t this Licens e. Therefo re, by modif ying or
distr ibuting the P rogram (or any w ork based on t he Program ), you

indica te your accep tance of this L icense to do so, a nd all its terms
and condi tions for cop ying, distr ibuting or mo difying th e Program or
work s based on it.

6. Each t ime you redis tribute th e Program (or a ny work base d on the
Progr am), the rec ipient autom atically re ceives a lice nse from the
origin al licensor to co py, distribu te or modify t he Progra m subject
to thes e terms and cond itions. You ma y not impose any f urther
rest rictions o n the recipien ts’ exerc ise of the righ ts granted h erein.
You are no t responsibl e for enforc ing compliance b y third par ties to
this License.

7. If, as a consequ ence of a court j udgment or alle gation of pa tent
infri ngement or for a ny other reas on (not limite d to patent issu es),
condit ions are impos ed on you (whe ther by cour t order, agreem ent or
other wise) that c ontradic t the conditi ons of this Licen se, they do no t
excus e you from the c onditions of t his License. I f you cannot dis tribute
so as to sa tisfy simul taneously y our obligati ons under this Li cense and
any oth er pertinen t obligatio ns, then as a conse quence you ma y not
distr ibute the Pr ogram at all. F or example, if a p atent licens e would
not per mit royalt y-free r edistribu tion of the Pr ogram by all th ose who
recei ve copies dir ectly or indi rectly th rough you, t hen the only wa y you
could sa tisfy bot h it and this Lic ense would be to r efrain ent irely from
distr ibution of th e Program.
If any po rtion of thi s section is he ld invalid or un enforceab le under any
part icular circum stance, th e balance of the s ection is int ended to appl y
and the se ction as a wh ole is intended t o apply in othe r circumsta nces.
It is not t he purpose of t his sectio n to induce you to i nfringe any
paten ts or other pro perty r ight claims or to c ontest vali dity of any su ch
claims; t his section h as the sole pur pose of prot ecting the in tegrit y of
the fr ee softw are distrib ution sys tem, which is im plemented b y public
license p ractice s. Many peopl e have made gene rous contr ibutions to
the wid e range of sof tware dis tributed t hrough that s ystem in rel iance
on consis tent applica tion of that s ystem; it is u p to the author/don or
to decide if he or she is willing to distribute so ftware through any oth er
sys tem and a license e cannot impos e that choice.
This se ction is inte nded to make tho roughly cle ar what is belie ved to be
a conseq uence of the re st of this Lice nse.

8. If the di stributi on and/or use of the P rogram is r estrict ed in certain
countr ies either b y patents or b y copyrigh ted interf aces, the or iginal
copyr ight holder w ho places the P rogram unde r this License m ay add an
explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
so that di stributi on is permit ted only in or amo ng countrie s not thus
exclud ed. In such case , this License i ncorpora tes the limita tion as if
writ ten in the bod y of this Licens e.

9. The Fr ee Soft ware Founda tion may publis h revised an d/or new
versi ons of the Gener al Public Lic ense from tim e to time. Such ne w
versi ons will be simila r in spirit to the p resent ver sion, but may di er in
detail t o address new p roblems or con cerns.
Each ve rsion is give n a distinguish ing version num ber. If the Prog ram
speci fies a version n umber of this Li cense which ap plies to it and
“any lat er version”, you h ave the optio n of followin g the terms and
condit ions either of t hat versio n or of any later v ersion publish ed by the
Free So ftwar e Foundation . If the Prog ram does not sp ecify a ver sion
number of t his License, y ou may choos e any version e ver publishe d by
the Free Software Foundation.

10. If yo u wish to incor porate par ts of the Pro gram into ot her free
progr ams whose dis tribution c onditions ar e dierent , write to th e
autho r to ask for permi ssion. For sof tware w hich is copyr ighted by th e
Free So ftwar e Foundation , write to th e Free Soft ware Foun dation;
we some times make ex ceptions for t his. Our decis ion will be guide d
by the t wo goals of pre serving t he free sta tus of all deri vatives o f our
free s oftwar e and of promot ing the sharin g and reuse of so ftware
generally.
NO WARRANTY

11. BE CAUSE THE P ROGRA M IS LICENSE D FREE OF CH ARGE, THE RE IS
NO WARR ANT Y FOR THE PRO GRAM, TO T HE EXT ENT PERM ITTED B Y
APP LICABL E LAW. EXCEP T WHEN OT HERWISE S TATED IN W RITING
THE CO PYRIGH T HOLDERS A ND/OR OTHE R PARTIES P ROVIDE T HE
PROGR AM “AS IS” WI THOUT WA RRANT Y OF ANY K IND, EITH ER
EXP RESSED OR IM PLIED, INC LUDING, BU T NOT LIMI TED TO, TH E
IMPLI ED WARRA NTIES OF ME RCHANTA BILIT Y AND FITN ESS FOR
A PART ICULAR P URPOSE. T HE ENTIR E RISK AS TO T HE QUALI TY
AND PE RFORMA NCE OF THE P ROGRAM I S WITH YOU . SHOULD TH E
PROGR AM PROV E DEFECT IVE, YO U ASSUME TH E COST OF AL L
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED
TO IN WR ITING WI LL ANY COP YRIGH T HOLDER, O R ANY OTHE R
PART Y WHO MAY MODI FY AND/OR R EDISTR IBUTE TH E PROGRA M AS
PERM ITTED A BOVE, B E LIABLE T O YOU FOR DA MAGES, INC LUDING
ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARIS ING OUT OF TH E USE OR INAB ILITY T O USE THE PRO GRAM
(INCL UDING BUT N OT LIMIT ED TO LOSS OF DATA OR D ATA BEING
REND ERED INAC CURATE OR LO SSES SUSTA INED BY YOU O R THIRD
PART IES OR A FAILUR E OF THE PRO GRAM TO OP ERATE WI TH ANY
OTHE R PROGRA MS), EVE N IF SUCH HOLD ER OR OTHE R PARTY HA S
BEEN A DVISED OF T HE POSSIB ILITY O F SUCH DAMA GES.
END OF T ERMS AND CO NDITION S
How to A pply These Ter ms to Your New Pro grams
If you de velop a new pr ogram, and yo u want it to be of t he greates t
possibl e use to the publi c, the best w ay to achieve t his is to make
it fre e softwa re which eve ryone can r edistribu te and change und er
these terms.
To do so, att ach the follo wing notice s to the progr am. It is safes t to
atta ch them to the s tart of each s ource file to mo st eect ively con vey
the exc lusion of war ranty; and e ach file should h ave at least t he
“copy right” line an d a pointer to wh ere the full no tice is found.
One line to g ive the pro gram’s name and a br ief idea of wha t it does.
Copyright (C) yyyy name of author
This pr ogram is fre e softwa re; you can re distribut e it and/or modif y it
under th e terms of the GN U General Pub lic License as pu blished by the
Free So ftwar e Foundation ; either vers ion 2 of the Lice nse, or (at your
option) any later version.
This pr ogram is distr ibuted in the h ope that it wi ll be useful, bu t
WIT HOUT AN Y WARRAN TY; witho ut even the imp lied warran ty of
MERCH ANTABIL ITY or FI TNESS FOR A P ARTICUL AR PURP OSE. See
the GNU G eneral Publi c License for m ore details.
You should h ave recei ved a copy of th e GNU General P ublic Licens e
along wi th this progr am; if not, wr ite to the Fr ee Softw are Foundat ion,
Inc., 5 1 Franklin Str eet, Fif th Floor, Bos ton, MA 021 10-1301 , USA.
Also add i nformati on on how to cont act you by el ectronic a nd
paper mail.
If the pr ogram is inte ractive , make it outpu t a short not ice like this
when it s tarts in an in teracti ve mode:
Gnomov ision versi on 69, Copyr ight (C) yea r name of author
Gnomov ision comes w ith ABSOL UTELY NO WARR ANT Y; for details
typ e `show w’. This is fr ee soft ware, and you a re welcome to
redis tribute it un der certain c onditions; t ype `show c’ f or details.
The hy pothetic al commands `sho w w’ and `show c’ sh ould show
the appr opriate par ts of the Gen eral Public L icense. Of co urse, the
command s you use may be ca lled somethi ng other than `sh ow w’

and `show c ’; they could ev en be mouse- clicks or menu i tems-what ever
suits y our program .
You should a lso get your em ployer (if y ou work as a pro grammer) or
your sc hool, if any, to sig n a “copyrig ht disclaimer ” for the prog ram, if
necess ary. Here is a s ample; alter th e names:
Yoyod yne, Inc., he reby disclai ms all copyri ght interes t in the progr am
`Gnomo vision’ (whi ch makes passes a t compilers) w ritten by J ames Hacker.
signat ure of Ty Coon, 1 Ap ril 1989
Ty Coon, Pr esident of V ice
This Gen eral Public L icense does no t permit inco rporatin g your progr am
into pr oprietar y programs . If your prog ram is a subrout ine librar y, you may
conside r it more usef ul to permit link ing proprie tary appli cations wi th the
librar y. If this is what y ou want to do, u se the GNU Libr ary Gener al Public
Licens e instead of th is License.
GNU Les ser General P ublic License ( LGPL)
Versio n 2.1, Februar y 1999
Copy right (C) 19 91, 1999 Fr ee Soft ware Founda tion, Inc. 5 1 Franklin Stre et,
Fift h Floor, Bost on, MA 021 10-1301 U SA Every one is permit ted to copy
and dist ribute ver batim copies o f this license do cument, bu t changing
it is not al lowed.
[This is t he first rele ased versio n of the Lesser G PL. It also co unts as the
succes sor of the GNU L ibrary Pub lic License, v ersion 2, hen ce the versio n
number 2.1.]
Preamble
The lic enses for mos t softwa re are design ed to take away y our freedo m
to share a nd change it. B y contras t, the GNU Gene ral Public Li censes are
intend ed to guarant ee your free dom to share and c hange free s oftwar e-­to make sur e the soft ware is fre e for all its user s.
This lic ense, the Less er General P ublic License , applies to som e specially
designa ted soft ware packa ges--ty pically libr aries--o f the Free Sof tware
Founda tion and othe r authors wh o decide to use i t. You can use it to o,
but we su ggest you fir st think care fully about w hether this l icense or
the ord inary Gener al Public Lic ense is the bet ter strat egy to use in an y
particular case, based on the explanations below.
When we s peak of free s oftwar e, we are ref erring to fr eedom of use, no t
price . Our General Pu blic License s are designed t o make sure tha t you
have th e freedom to di stribute c opies of free s oftwar e (and charge fo r
this ser vice if you w ish); that yo u receive s ource code or ca n get it if you
want it ; that you can c hange the sof tware and u se pieces of it i n new free
progr ams; and that y ou are inform ed that you ca n do these thing s.
To protec t your right s, we need to ma ke restric tions that f orbid
distr ibutors to de ny you these r ights or to ask y ou to surren der these
right s. These re stricti ons translat e to certain r esponsibili ties for you i f you
distr ibute copies o f the librar y or if you modif y it.
For ex ample, if you dis tribute co pies of the libr ary, wheth er gratis or fo r
a fee, yo u must give th e recipient s all the righ ts that we gav e you. You
must mak e sure that the y, too, recei ve or can get the s ource code. I f you
link oth er code with th e library, yo u must provi de complete ob ject files to
the rec ipients, so t hat they can r elink them wit h the librar y after maki ng
change s to the librar y and recompi ling it. And yo u must show the m these
terms s o they know th eir rights.
We prot ect your rig hts with a t wo-step me thod: (1) we c opyrigh t the
librar y, and (2) we o er you this lice nse, which gi ves you legal p ermission
to copy, dis tribute an d/or modify th e library.
To protec t each distr ibutor, we wan t to make it ver y clear that the re is no
warr anty for the f ree librar y. Also, if the l ibrary is mo dified by some one
else and pa ssed on, the r ecipients sh ould know tha t what they ha ve is not
the ori ginal versio n, so that the or iginal autho r’s reputa tion will not be
aec ted by probl ems that might b e introduc ed by others .
Finall y, softwar e patents p ose a constan t threat to th e existenc e of any
free pr ogram. We wi sh to make sure th at a company can not eect ively
rest rict the use rs of a free pr ogram by obt aining a rest rictive l icense from
a paten t holder. There fore, we insi st that any pa tent license ob tained for
a versi on of the librar y must be cons istent wit h the full fre edom of use
speci fied in this licen se.
Most GN U softwa re, including s ome librari es, is covere d by the ordinar y
GNU Gene ral Public Li cense. This li cense, the GNU L esser Gener al Public
Licens e, applies to cer tain desig nated librar ies, and is quit e dierent f rom
the ord inary Gener al Public Lic ense. We use this li cense for cer tain librar ies
in order t o permit linki ng those libra ries into non -free prog rams.
When a pr ogram is linke d with a librar y, whether s tatically o r using a
shared l ibrary, the co mbination of t he two is leg ally speaking a c ombined
work , a derivati ve of the ori ginal librar y. The ordinar y General P ublic
Licens e therefor e permits su ch linking only i f the entire c ombination fi ts
its cr iteria of fr eedom. The L esser Gener al Public Lice nse permits m ore lax
crite ria for linking o ther code wi th the librar y.
We call thi s license the “L esser” Gen eral Public Li cense becau se it does
Less to p rotect th e user’s free dom than the or dinary Gene ral Public
Licens e. It also prov ides other f ree soft ware deve lopers Less o f an
advan tage over co mpeting non-f ree progr ams. These di sadvanta ges are
the rea son we use the or dinary Gene ral Public Li cense for many l ibraries.
Howe ver, the Lesser l icense prov ides advan tages in cer tain special
circumstances.
For ex ample, on rare o ccasions, t here may be a spe cial need to enc ourage
the wid est possible u se of a certai n library, so th at it becomes a d e-facto
stand ard. To achieve th is, non-fre e programs mu st be allowed t o use
the libr ary. A more fr equent case is t hat a free libr ary does t he same
job as wid ely used non-f ree librar ies. In this cas e, there is lit tle to gain
by limit ing the free li brary to fr ee softw are only, so we u se the Lesser
Gener al Public Lice nse.
In other c ases, permi ssion to use a par ticular libr ary in non-f ree progra ms
enables a g reater numb er of people to us e a large body o f free sof tware.
For ex ample, permis sion to use the GN U C Library in n on-free pr ograms
enables m any more peo ple to use the wh ole GNU opera ting syste m, as well
as its v ariant, the G NU/Linux ope rating sy stem.
Altho ugh the Less er General Pub lic License is L ess protec tive of the u sers’
free dom, it does ens ure that the us er of a program t hat is linked wi th the
Librar y has the fr eedom and the w herewith al to run that pr ogram using a
modifi ed version of t he Librar y.
The pr ecise terms an d conditions f or copying, d istribut ion and modific ation
follow . Pay close at tention to t he dierenc e between a “ work base d on
the libr ary” and a “ work that use s the librar y”. The form er contains cod e
deriv ed from the lib rary, wher eas the latt er must be combi ned with the
librar y in order to r un.
TERM S AND CONDI TIONS FOR C OPYING , DISTRIB UTION A ND
MODIFICATION

0. This L icense Agre ement applies t o any soft ware librar y or other
progr am which cont ains a notice pl aced by the cop yright hol der or other
autho rized part y saying it m ay be distrib uted under the t erms of this
Lesser G eneral Publi c License (also c alled “this Li cense”). Each l icensee is
addres sed as “you”.
A “libra ry” means a co llection o f softwa re functi ons and/or data pr epared
so as to be co nvenientl y linked with a pplication p rograms (wh ich use some
of thos e functions a nd data) to for m executa bles.
The “L ibrary”, be low, refers t o any such sof tware libr ary or wor k which
has been d istribute d under these t erms. A “wor k based on the Li brary”
means ei ther the Libr ary or any der ivativ e work under cop yright la w: that
is to say, a wo rk containin g the Librar y or a portio n of it, eithe r verbatim
or with m odificati ons and/or trans lated strai ghtfor wardly int o another
languag e. (Hereina fter, transla tion is includ ed without li mitation in t he
term “modification”.)
“Sour ce code” for a wor k means the pre ferred fo rm of the work f or
making m odificatio ns to it. For a lib rary, comple te source co de means all
the sour ce code for all m odules it cont ains, plus any as sociated in terface
defini tion files, plus t he script s used to contr ol compilatio n and installa tion
of the lib rary.
Acti vities ot her than copy ing, distrib ution and mod ification ar e not
cover ed by this Lice nse; they ar e outside its s cope. The ac t of running
a progr am using the Libr ary is not r estrict ed, and outpu t from such a
progr am is covered o nly if its con tents cons titute a wor k based on the
Librar y (indepen dent of the use o f the Librar y in a tool for wr iting it).
Whet her that is tru e depends on wha t the Librar y does and wha t the
progr am that uses th e Library d oes.

1. You may co py and distr ibute verba tim copies of t he Librar y’s complete
sourc e code as you rec eive it, in an y medium, prov ided that yo u
conspic uously and app ropriatel y publish on each c opy an approp riate
copyr ight notic e and disclaime r of warrant y; keep int act all the not ices that
refer t o this License a nd to the absen ce of any warr anty; and dis tribute a

copy of t his License alo ng with the Li brary.
You may cha rge a fee for th e physical ac t of transf erring a cop y, and you
may at yo ur option o er warrant y protec tion in exchan ge for a fee.

2. You may m odify your c opy or copies o f the Librar y or any port ion of it,
thus for ming a work bas ed on the Libra ry, and copy an d distribut e such
modifi cations or wo rk under the ter ms of Secti on 1 above, pr ovided that
you also m eet all of thes e conditions :
a) The mo dified work m ust itself b e a softwa re library.
b) You must ca use the files mo dified to car ry promine nt notices s tating
that yo u changed the fil es and the date o f any change.
c) You must cause the whol e of the work t o be licensed at n o charge to all
third pa rties unde r the terms of th is License.
d) If a fa cility in the m odified Libr ary refer s to a functi on or a table of
data to b e supplied by an ap plication pr ogram that us es the facili ty, other
than as an ar gument pass ed when the fa cility is inv oked, then yo u must
make a goo d faith eo rt to ensure t hat, in the eve nt an applicat ion does
not supp ly such func tion or table, t he facilit y still opera tes, and per forms
whate ver part of i ts purpose r emains meaning ful.
(For e xample, a func tion in a librar y to comput e square root s has a purpose
that is en tirely well -defined ind ependent of t he applicati on. Theref ore,
Subse ction 2d req uires that an y applicati on-supplie d functio n or table used
by this f unction mus t be optional: i f the applica tion does not s upply it, the
square r oot funct ion must stil l compute squar e roots.)
These r equiremen ts apply to the m odified wor k as a whole. If id entifiable
sect ions of that wo rk are not der ived from t he Library, a nd can be
reaso nably conside red independ ent and separ ate works in t hemselves ,
then thi s License, and i ts terms, do no t apply to tho se section s when you
distr ibute them as se parate wor ks. But whe n you distrib ute the same
sect ions as part of a w hole which is a w ork based on t he Library, t he
distr ibution of th e whole must be o n the terms of th is License, wh ose
permis sions for othe r licensees e xtend to the e ntire whole , and thus to
each and e very par t regardle ss of who wrot e it.
Thus, i t is not the inten t of this sect ion to claim rig hts or conte st your
right s to work wri tten entir ely by you; r ather, the inte nt is to exerc ise the
right t o control th e distribut ion of deriv ative or coll ective w orks based
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In addit ion, mere aggr egation of a nother wor k not based on th e Library
with t he Library (o r with a work b ased on the Libr ary) on a vol ume of a
stor age or distrib ution medium d oes not bring t he other wor k under the
scope o f this License .

3. You may op t to apply the t erms of the or dinary GNU Ge neral Public
Licens e instead of th is License to a gi ven copy of th e Library. To do thi s,
you mus t alter all the no tices that r efer to this Li cense, so that t hey refer
to the or dinary GNU G eneral Public L icense, ver sion 2, inste ad of to this
Licens e. (If a newer v ersion than v ersion 2 of the o rdinary GN U General
Public L icense has app eared, then y ou can specif y that vers ion instead if
you wis h.) Do not make an y other change i n these notic es.
Once thi s change is made in a gi ven copy, it is ir reversib le for that cop y, so
the ord inary GNU Gen eral Public L icense applie s to all subseque nt copies
and deri vative w orks made fr om that copy.
This op tion is useful w hen you wish to c opy part of t he code of the Li brary
into a pr ogram that is n ot a library.

4. You may co py and distr ibute the Libr ary (or a por tion or deri vative o f
it, unde r Section 2) i n object code o r executab le form under t he terms of
Sect ions 1 and 2 abov e provided t hat you accomp any it with t he complete
corre sponding mach ine-readab le source cod e, which must b e distribut ed
under th e terms of Sec tions 1 and 2 abo ve on a medium cus tomarily use d
for softwar e interchange.
If dist ribution of o bject code is m ade by oeri ng access to cop y from a
designa ted place, th en oering e quivalent a ccess to copy t he source cod e
from th e same place sa tisfies the r equirement t o distribu te the source
code, ev en though thi rd parties a re not compell ed to copy the s ource along
with t he object cod e.

5. A prog ram that cont ains no deriv ative of an y portion o f the Librar y, but
is design ed to work wi th the Librar y by being com piled or linked wi th it,
is called a “ work that us es the Librar y”. Such a wor k, in isolati on, is not
a deriv ative wor k of the Libra ry, and there fore falls ou tside the sco pe
of this Li cense.
Howe ver, linking a “wo rk that uses t he Library ” with the L ibrary cre ates an
execu table that is a d erivati ve of the Libr ary (beca use it contain s portions
of the Li brary), ra ther than a “w ork that uses t he library ”. The execu table
is there fore cove red by this Lic ense. Sect ion 6 states t erms for dist ribution
of such e xecutable s.
When a “ work that use s the Librar y” uses mat erial from a he ader file that
is part o f the Librar y, the objec t code for the wo rk may be a deri vative
work of t he Librar y even though t he source co de is not. Whe ther this is
true is e specially sig nificant if t he work can be li nked withou t the Librar y,
or if the w ork is itsel f a library. Th e threshold f or this to be tru e is not
preci sely defined b y law.
If such an o bject file use s only numeri cal paramet ers, data st ructure
layou ts and access ors, and small m acros and small i nline funct ions (ten
lines or le ss in length), t hen the use of th e object file is un restric ted,
regar dless of whet her it is legall y a derivat ive work . (Executa bles
contai ning this objec t code plus por tions of the L ibrary wil l still fall
under Se ction 6.)
Other wise, if th e work is a deri vative of t he Librar y, you may distr ibute the
objec t code for the w ork under the te rms of Sect ion 6. Any exe cutables
contai ning that wor k also fall under S ection 6, w hether or not t hey are
linked dir ectly wi th the Librar y itself.

6. As an e xception to t he Section s above, you ma y also combine o r
link a “wo rk that uses t he Library ” with the L ibrary to pr oduce a work
contai ning portio ns of the Libra ry, and distr ibute that w ork under term s
of your ch oice, prov ided that the t erms permit m odificati on of the work
for the c ustomer’s o wn use and reve rse enginee ring for debug ging such
modifications.
You must gi ve prominen t notice wi th each copy of t he work that t he
Librar y is used in it an d that the Libr ary and its us e are cover ed by this
Licens e. You must suppl y a copy of this L icense. If th e work during
execu tion display s copyrigh t notices, y ou must includ e the copyri ght notice
for the L ibrary amo ng them, as well a s a referenc e directing t he user to the
copy of t his License. A lso, you must d o one of these th ings:
a) Accom pany the wor k with the comp lete corre sponding mach ine­readab le source cod e for the Libra ry including w hatever ch anges were us ed
in the wor k (which must b e distribu ted under Sec tions 1 and 2 abov e); and,
if the wo rk is an execu table linked wi th the Libra ry, with the c omplete
machine -readable “ work that us es the Librar y”, as objec t code and/
or sour ce code, so that t he user can modi fy the Libr ary and then r elink
to prod uce a modified e xecutable c ontaining th e modified Lib rary. (It is
unders tood that th e user who chang es the conten ts of definit ions files in
the Libr ary will no t necessari ly be able to re compile the app lication to us e
the modi fied definit ions.)
b) Use a suit able shared lib rary mech anism for linkin g with the Lib rary. A
suitab le mechanism is o ne that (1) use s at run time a cop y of the librar y
alread y present on t he user’s compu ter syste m, rather th an copying
librar y functio ns into the exe cutable, an d (2) will oper ate proper ly with
a modifi ed version of t he library, i f the user insta lls one, as long as t he
modifi ed version is in terface -compatib le with the ve rsion that th e work
was made w ith.
c) Acco mpany the wor k with a writ ten oer, va lid for at least t hree years ,
to give t he same user th e materials sp ecified in Sub section 6a , above, for a
charge n o more than the c ost of perf orming this dis tributio n.
d) If dis tribution o f the work is mad e by oering a ccess to copy f rom a
designa ted place, o er equival ent access to co py the above s pecified
mater ials from the s ame place.
e) Verif y that the us er has already r eceived a co py of these ma terials or
that yo u have alread y sent this user a c opy.
For an ex ecutable, t he required f orm of the “w ork that uses t he Librar y”
must inc lude any data an d utility pr ograms need ed for repro ducing the
execu table from i t. Howeve r, as a special exc eption, the m aterials to be
distr ibuted need n ot include any thing that i s normally dis tributed ( in either
sourc e or binary for m) with the maj or component s (compiler, kern el, and
so on) of th e operating s ystem on wh ich the exec utable runs , unless that
compon ent itself a ccompanies th e executab le.
It may hap pen that this r equirement c ontradic ts the licens e restric tions of
other pr oprietar y librarie s that do not nor mally accom pany the oper ating
sys tem. Such a cont radictio n means you cann ot use both the m and the
Librar y togeth er in an execut able that you d istribute .

7. You may place li brary fac ilities tha t are a work bas ed on the Libra ry

side-b y-side in a sing le library t ogether wi th other libr ary facili ties not
cover ed by this Lice nse, and distr ibute such a co mbined librar y, provide d
that th e separate dis tributio n of the work ba sed on the Libr ary and of
the oth er library f acilities is o therwis e permitte d, and provid ed that you
do thes e two things:
a) Accom pany the combi ned librar y with a copy of t he same work b ased
on the Lib rary, uncom bined with an y other librar y facilit ies. This must b e
distr ibuted under t he terms of the S ections ab ove.
b) Give pr ominent not ice with the c ombined librar y of the fac t that part
of it is a wo rk based on the L ibrary, and e xplaining wh ere to find the
accomp anying uncom bined form of t he same work .

8. You may no t copy, modif y, sublicense, l ink with, or dis tribute th e Library
excep t as express ly provide d under this Lic ense. Any at tempt other wise
to copy, mo dify, sublic ense, link with , or distribu te the Librar y is void,
and will au tomatical ly terminat e your right s under this Lice nse. Howev er,
part ies who have r eceived cop ies, or right s, from you u nder this Licen se
will not h ave their lice nses termina ted so long as suc h parties r emain in
full compliance.

9. You are no t required t o accept this L icense, since y ou have not sig ned
it. Ho wever, nothin g else grants y ou permissi on to modify o r distribut e
the Libr ary or its d erivati ve works. T hese acti ons are prohib ited by law if
you do no t accept this L icense. Ther efore, by m odifying o r distribut ing the
Librar y (or any wor k based on the Li brary), yo u indicate yo ur acceptan ce
of this Li cense to do so, an d all its terms a nd condition s for copying ,
distr ibuting or modi fying the L ibrary or w orks based o n it.

10. Each t ime you redis tribute t he Library (o r any work bas ed on the
Librar y), the rec ipient auto matically r eceives a lic ense from the o riginal
licenso r to copy, distr ibute, link wi th or modif y the Librar y subject to t hese
terms an d conditions . You may not impo se any furt her restri ctions on th e
recip ients’ exer cise of the ri ghts grant ed herein. You a re not respo nsible
for enf orcing compli ance by third p arties wi th this Licens e.

11. If, as a co nsequence o f a court judgm ent or allegat ion of patent
infri ngement or for a ny other reas on (not limite d to patent issu es),
condit ions are impos ed on you (whe ther by cour t order, agreem ent or
other wise) that c ontradic t the conditi ons of this Licen se, they do no t
excus e you from the c onditions of t his License. I f you cannot dis tribute s o
as to sat isfy simult aneously y our obligatio ns under this Lic ense and any
other p ertinent o bligations, t hen as a consequ ence you may no t distribut e
the Libr ary at all. F or example, i f a patent licen se would not pe rmit royal ty­free r edistribu tion of the Lib rary by all t hose who rec eive copies di rectly or
indire ctly thro ugh you, then th e only way you c ould satisf y both it and t his
Licens e would be to re frain entir ely from dis tribution o f the Librar y.
If any po rtion of thi s section is he ld invalid or un enforceab le under any
part icular circum stance, th e balance of the s ection is int ended to appl y,
and the se ction as a wh ole is intended t o apply in othe r circumsta nces.
It is not t he purpose of t his sectio n to induce you to i nfringe any p atents
or other p ropert y right claims o r to contest v alidity of an y such claims;
this sec tion has the s ole purpose o f protect ing the integr ity of the f ree
soft ware dist ribution s ystem whic h is implemente d by public licen se
prac tices. Many p eople have ma de generous co ntributi ons to the wide
range o f softwa re distribu ted through t hat syste m in reliance on
consis tent applica tion of that s ystem; it is up t o the author/dono r to
decide i f he or she is willin g to distribu te softw are through a ny other
sys tem and a license e cannot impos e that choice.
This se ction is inte nded to make tho roughly cle ar what is belie ved to be a
conseq uence of the re st of this Lice nse.

12. If th e distribut ion and/or use of t he Library i s restric ted in cert ain
countr ies either b y patents or b y copyrigh ted interf aces, the or iginal
copyr ight holder w ho places the L ibrary und er this Licens e may add an
explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
so that di stributi on is permit ted only in or amo ng countrie s not thus
exclud ed. In such case , this License i ncorpora tes the limita tion as if wri tten
in the bod y of this Licen se.

13. The F ree Soft ware Foun dation may pub lish revised a nd/or new vers ions
of the Le sser Genera l Public Licen se from time to t ime. Such new v ersions
will be sim ilar in spirit to t he present v ersion, but m ay dier in det ail to
addres s new problem s or concerns.
Each ve rsion is give n a distinguish ing version num ber. If the Libr ary
speci fies a version n umber of this Li cense which ap plies to it and “an y later
versi on”, you have the op tion of follo wing the term s and conditio ns either
of that v ersion or of an y later versi on published by t he Free Sof tware
Founda tion. If the L ibrary doe s not specif y a license ver sion number, yo u
may cho ose any versi on ever publish ed by the Fre e Softwa re Foundati on.

14. If y ou wish to incor porate par ts of the Lib rary into o ther free pr ograms
whose d istributi on condition s are incompat ible with th ese, write t o the
autho r to ask for permi ssion. For sof tware w hich is copyr ighted by th e
Free So ftwar e Foundation , write to th e Free Soft ware Foun dation; we
somet imes make exce ptions for th is. Our decisio n will be guided b y the two
goals of p reservi ng the free s tatus of all der ivativ es of our free so ftwar e
and of pro moting the sh aring and reus e of softw are generall y.
NO WARRANTY

15. BEC AUSE THE L IBRARY I S LICENSED F REE OF CHA RGE, THER E IS
NO WARR ANT Y FOR THE LIB RARY, TO THE E XTEN T PERMIT TED BY
APP LICABL E LAW. EXCEP T WHEN OT HERWISE S TATED IN W RITING T HE
COPY RIGHT HO LDERS AND/ OR OTHER PA RTIES PRO VIDE THE LI BRARY
“AS IS” WI THOUT WA RRANT Y OF ANY K IND, EITHE R EXPRE SSED OR
IMPLI ED, INCLUD ING, BUT NO T LIMITE D TO, THE IMPL IED WARR ANTIES
OF MERC HANTABI LITY AN D FITNES S FOR A PARTI CULAR PU RPOSE. T HE
ENTI RE RISK AS T O THE QUAL ITY AND P ERFORM ANCE OF TH E LIBRAR Y
IS WIT H YOU. SHOU LD THE LIBR ARY PROV E DEFEC TIVE, YO U ASSUME
THE CO ST OF ALL NEC ESSARY SE RVICING , REPAIR OR CO RRECT ION.

16. IN NO E VENT UNL ESS REQUI RED BY APP LICAB LE LAW OR AGR EED TO
IN WRI TING WIL L ANY COPY RIGHT HO LDER, OR A NY OTHER PA RTY WH O
MAY MODI FY AND/OR R EDISTRI BUTE TH E LIBRAR Y AS PERMI TTED
ABO VE, BE LIA BLE TO YOU F OR DAMAGE S, INCLUDI NG ANY GENE RAL,
SPECI AL, INCI DENTAL OR CON SEQUENT IAL DAM AGES ARIS ING OUT
OF THE U SE OR INABIL ITY TO U SE THE LIBR ARY (INC LUDING BUT N OT
LIMI TED TO LOSS O F DATA OR DATA BEING REN DERED INA CCURATE OR
LOSSE S SUSTAINED B Y YOU OR THI RD PARTIE S OR A FAILURE O F THE
LIBR ARY TO OPE RATE WIT H ANY OTH ER SOFT WARE), E VEN IF SUCH
HOLD ER OR OTHER PA RTY HA S BEEN ADV ISED OF THE P OSSIBILI TY
OF SUCH D AMAGES .
END OF T ERMS AND CO NDITION S
How to A pply These Ter ms to Your New Libr aries
If you de velop a new libr ary, and you w ant it to be of th e greatest p ossible
use to the p ublic, we re commend making i t free sof tware tha t everyo ne
can redi stribute a nd change. You can d o so by permit ting redis tributio n
under th ese terms (or, alt ernative ly, under the ter ms of the ordin ary
Gener al Public Lice nse).
To apply the se terms, at tach the foll owing noti ces to the libra ry. It is
safes t to attach t hem to the sta rt of each sou rce file to mos t eecti vely
conve y the exclusi on of warran ty; and each fi le should have a t least the
“copy right” line an d a pointer to wh ere the full no tice is found.
one line to g ive the libr ary’s name an d an idea of what i t does.> Copy right
(C) yea r name of author
This libr ary is fre e softwa re; you can re distribut e it and/or modif y it under
the ter ms of the GNU Les ser General P ublic Licens e as published by t he
Free So ftwar e Foundation ; either vers ion 2.1 of the Lice nse, or (at your
option) any later version.
This libr ary is dist ributed in th e hope that it wi ll be useful, bu t
WIT HOUT AN Y WARRAN TY; witho ut even the imp lied warran ty of
MERCH ANTABIL ITY or FI TNESS FOR A P ARTICUL AR PURP OSE. See th e
GNU Les ser General P ublic License f or more deta ils.
You should h ave recei ved a copy of th e GNU Lesser Ge neral Public L icense
along wi th this librar y; if not, w rite to the Fr ee Soft ware Founda tion, Inc.,
51 Fra nklin Street , Fifth Flo or, Boston, M A 02110 -1301 USA
Also add i nformati on on how to cont act you by el ectronic a nd paper mail.
You should a lso get your em ployer (if y ou work as a pro grammer) or yo ur
schoo l, if any, to sign a “cop yright dis claimer” fo r the librar y, if necessar y.
Here is a sa mple; alter th e names:
Yoyod yne, Inc., he reby disclai ms all copyri ght interes t in the librar y `Frob’
(a librar y for tweak ing knobs) wr itten by Jam es Random Hack er.
signat ure of Ty Coon, 1 Ap ril 1990
Ty Coon, Pr esident of V ice

45

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