LASERJET ENTERPRISE 700 COLOR MFP
Troubleshooting Manual
M775dn M775f M775z M775z+
HP LaserJet Enterprise 700 color MFP
M775
Troubleshooting Manual
Copyright and License
© 2012 Copyright Hewlett-Packard
Development Company, L.P.
Reproduction, adaptation, or translation
without prior written permission is
prohibited, except as allowed under the
copyright laws.
The information contained herein is subject
to change without notice.
The only warranties for HP products and
services are set forth in the express warranty
statements accompanying such products and
services. Nothing herein should be
construed as constituting an additional
warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical
or editorial errors or omissions contained
herein.
Part number: CS522-90968
Edition 1, 10/2012
Trademark Credits
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, Adobe Photoshop®, Acrobat®, and
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are trademarks of Adobe
Systems Incorporated.
Apple and the Apple logo are trademarks of
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and other countries. iPod is a trademark of
Apple Computer, Inc. iPod is for legal or
rightholder-authorized copying only. Don't
steal music.
Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows® XP,
and Windows Vista® are U.S. registered
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
PANTONE® is Pantone, Inc's checkstandard trademark for color.
®
is a registered trademark of The
UNIX
Open Group.
Conventions used in this guide
TIP: Tips provide helpful hints or shortcuts.
NOTE: Notes provide important information to explain a concept or to complete a task.
CAUTION: Cautions indicate procedures that you should follow to avoid losing data or damaging
the product.
WARNING! Warnings alert you to specific procedures that you should follow to avoid personal
injury, catastrophic loss of data, or extensive damage to the product.
ENWW iii
iv Conventions used in this guide ENWW
Table of contents
1 Theory of operation .......................................................................................................... 1
Basic operation ........................................................................................................................ 2
Sequence of operation ............................................................................................... 3
Normal sequence of operation ..................................................................... 3
Formatter-control system ............................................................................................................ 5
Sleep mode .............................................................................................................. 5
Input/output ............................................................................................................. 6
CPU ........................................................................................................................ 6
Memory ................................................................................................................... 6
Firmware ................................................................................................... 6
Nonvolatile memory ................................................................................... 6
PJL overview ............................................................................................................. 6
PML ......................................................................................................................... 7
Control panel ........................................................................................................... 7
Engine-control system ................................................................................................................ 8
DC controller ............................................................................................................ 9
Motors .................................................................................................... 11
Fans ....................................................................................................... 13
Fuser-control circuit ................................................................................... 14
Fuser temperature control ........................................................... 15
Fuser protective function ............................................................. 16
Fuser failure detection ................................................................ 17
Fuser installation protection ........................................................ 17
Fuser presence detection ............................................................ 17
Fuser life detection .................................................................... 17
Low-voltage power supply ......................................................................... 18
Power-outage recovery circuit ..................................................... 19
Sleep mode operation ............................................................... 19
Automatic damp paper detection ................................................ 19
Overcurrent/overvoltage protection ............................................. 20
High-voltage power supply ........................................................................ 21
Laser/scanner system ............................................................................................................. 23
ENWW v
Laser failure detection .............................................................................................. 24
Image-formation system ........................................................................................................... 25
Electrophotographic process ..................................................................................... 25
Image formation process .......................................................................................... 27
Latent-image formation block ..................................................................... 28
Pre-exposure ............................................................................. 28
Primary charging ...................................................................... 28
Laser beam exposure ................................................................. 29
Developing block ..................................................................................... 30
Transfer block .......................................................................................... 31
Primary transfer ......................................................................... 31
Secondary transfer .................................................................... 31
Separation ............................................................................... 32
Fusing block ............................................................................................ 32
ITB cleaning block .................................................................................... 33
Drum cleaning block ................................................................................. 33
Toner cartridges ...................................................................................................... 34
Memory tag ............................................................................................ 35
Cartridge presence detection ..................................................................... 35
Toner level detection ................................................................................. 35
Cartridge life detection ............................................................................. 35
Developing unit engagement and disengagement control .............................. 35
ITB unit .................................................................................................................. 37
Primary transfer roller engagement and disengagement control ...................... 38
ITB unit presence detection ........................................................................ 39
ITB life detection ....................................................................................... 39
ITB cleaning mechanism ............................................................................ 40
Calibration ............................................................................................................. 41
Color-misregistration control ...................................................................... 41
Environment change control ....................................................................... 42
Image stabilization control ........................................................................ 42
Image density control (DMAX) ..................................................... 42
Image halftone control (DHALF) ................................................... 43
Pickup, feed, and delivery system ............................................................................................. 44
Photo sensors .......................................................................................................... 45
Motors and solenoids .............................................................................................. 46
Pickup and feed block ............................................................................................. 47
Tray 2 cassette pickup .............................................................................. 47
Tray 2 cassette multiple-feed prevention ...................................................... 48
Tray 2 cassette media-size detection and Tray 2 cassette-presence detection . . . 50
Tray 2 cassette lift-up operation .................................................................. 51
vi ENWW
Cassette media-presence detection ............................................................. 53
Tray 1 (MP tray) paper pickup .................................................................................. 53
Tray 1 (MP tray) last-paper detection ......................................................................... 54
Paper feed ............................................................................................................. 55
Skew-feed prevention ................................................................................ 57
Media detection ....................................................................................... 58
Feed-speed control ................................................................................... 59
Fusing and delivery block ......................................................................................... 60
Loop control ............................................................................................ 60
Pressure roller pressurization and depressurization control ............................ 61
Output bin full detection ............................................................................ 62
Duplex Block .......................................................................................................... 63
Duplex reverse and duplex feed control ...................................................... 63
Duplex operation ..................................................................................... 64
Jam detection ......................................................................................................... 66
Scanning/image capture system .............................................................................................. 68
Scanner ................................................................................................................. 68
Document feeder system ........................................................................................... 68
Sensors in the ADF ................................................................................... 68
ADF paper path ....................................................................................... 69
Stapler/stacker ...................................................................................................................... 71
Stapler/stacker motors ............................................................................................. 73
Motor failure detection .............................................................................. 74
Offset motor ............................................................................. 74
Stack-ejection motor ................................................................... 74
Output-bin-shift motor ................................................................. 74
Stapler motor ............................................................................ 75
Stapler/stacker fan .................................................................................................. 75
Fan failure detection ................................................................................. 76
Stapler/stacker paper feed and delivery .................................................................... 77
Stapler ................................................................................................................... 79
Stapler/stacker jam detection ................................................................................... 80
Automatic delivery ................................................................................... 81
1x500-sheet paper feeder ....................................................................................................... 82
1x500-sheet paper feeder paper-feeder motors ........................................................... 83
1x500-sheet paper feeder paper-feeder paper pickup and feed .................................... 84
1x500-sheet paper feeder cassette media-size detection and cassette-presence
detection ................................................................................................................ 85
1x500-sheet paper feeder cassette lift operation ......................................................... 85
1x500-sheet paper feeder jam detection .................................................................... 86
1x500-sheet paper feeder automatic delivery ............................................................. 87
ENWW vii
1x500-sheet paper deck ......................................................................................................... 88
1x500-sheet paper-deck motors ................................................................................ 89
1x500-sheet paper-deck paper pickup and feed ......................................................... 91
1x500-sheet paper-deck cassette media-size detection and cassette-presence detection .. . 92
1x500-sheet paper-deck cassette lift operation ............................................................ 92
1x500-sheet paper-deck cassette media-out detection ................................... 93
1x500-sheet paper-deck jam detection ...................................................................... 94
1x500-sheet paper deck automatic delivery ............................................................... 94
3x500-sheet paper deck ......................................................................................................... 95
3x500-sheet paper-deck motors ................................................................................ 97
3x500-sheet paper-deck pickup-and-feed operation ..................................................... 98
3x500-sheet paper-deck cassette media-size detection and cassette-presence detection . 100
3x500-sheet paper-deck cassette lift-up operation ..................................................... 101
3x500-sheet paper-deck jam detection .................................................................... 102
3x500-sheet paper deck automatic delivery .............................................. 103
3,500-sheet high-capacity input (HCI) feeder ........................................................................... 104
HCI motor control .................................................................................................. 106
HCI failure detection ............................................................................... 106
HCI pickup-and-feed operation ............................................................................... 107
HCI cassette media-size detection and cassette-presence detection ............... 108
HCI lift-up operation ............................................................................... 109
HCI cassette media-presence detection ..................................................... 110
HCI jam detection ................................................................................................. 111
HCI no pick jam 2 .................................................................................. 111
HCI no pick jam 3 .................................................................................. 111
HCI Residual paper jam 1 ....................................................................... 112
HCI Door open jam 1 ............................................................................. 112
HCI automatic delivery .......................................................................................... 112
2 Solve problems ............................................................................................................. 113
Solve problems checklist ....................................................................................................... 114
Menu map .......................................................................................................................... 116
Preboot menu options ........................................................................................................... 117
Current settings pages .......................................................................................................... 124
Troubleshooting process ........................................................................................................ 125
Determine the problem source ................................................................................. 125
Troubleshooting flowchart ....................................................................... 125
Power subsystem ................................................................................................... 126
Power-on checks .................................................................................... 126
Power-on troubleshooting overview ............................................ 126
Control-panel checks ............................................................................................. 127
viii ENWW
Control-panel diagnostic flowcharts .......................................................... 130
Touchscreen black, white, or dim (no image) .............................. 131
Touchscreen is slow to respond or requires multiple presses to
respond ................................................................................. 132
Touchscreen has an unresponsive zone ...................................... 133
No control-panel sound ............................................................ 134
Home button is unresponsive .................................................... 135
Hardware integration pocket (HIP) is not functioning (control panel
functional) .............................................................................. 136
Scanning subsystem .............................................................................................. 136
Tools for troubleshooting ....................................................................................................... 137
Individual component diagnostics ............................................................................ 137
LED diagnostics ...................................................................................... 137
Understand lights on the formatter ............................................. 137
Engine diagnostics ................................................................................. 141
Defeating interlocks ................................................................. 142
Disable cartridge check ........................................................... 143
Engine test button .................................................................... 144
Paper path test ....................................................................................... 145
Paper path sensors test ........................................................................... 145
Manual sensor and tray/bin manual sensor tests ........................................ 147
Manual sensor test .................................................................. 147
Tray/bin manual sensor test ..................................................... 149
Print/stop test ........................................................................................ 150
Component tests ..................................................................................... 151
Control-panel tests ................................................................... 151
Component test (special-mode test) ............................................ 151
Scanner tests ......................................................................................... 154
Scanner tests .......................................................................... 155
Diagrams ............................................................................................................. 157
Block diagrams ...................................................................................... 157
Location of connectors ............................................................................ 162
DC controller PCA ................................................................... 162
HCI Controller PCA ................................................................. 164
Paper Deck Controller PCA ....................................................... 165
Staple Stacker Controller PCA ................................................... 166
Plug/jack locations ................................................................................. 167
Locations of major components ................................................................ 168
Base product .......................................................................... 168
1 x 500-sheet paper feeder ...................................................... 173
1 x 500-sheet paper deck ........................................................ 175
ENWW ix
3,500-sheet paper deck (HCI) ................................................... 177
Stapler/stacker ....................................................................... 179
General timing chart ............................................................................... 181
Circuit diagrams .................................................................................... 183
Internal print-quality test pages ................................................................................ 191
Print quality troubleshooting pages ........................................................... 191
Print quality assessment page .................................................................. 194
Cleaning page ....................................................................................... 196
Set up an auto cleaning page ................................................... 196
Print configuration page .......................................................................... 197
Configuration page ................................................................. 197
HP embedded Jetdirect page .................................................... 199
Finding important information on the configuration pages ............ 200
Color band test ...................................................................................... 201
Print quality troubleshooting tools ............................................................................ 201
Repetitive defects ruler ............................................................................ 201
Calibrate the product to align the colors .................................................... 202
Control-panel menus .............................................................................................. 203
Administration menu ............................................................................... 203
Reports menu .......................................................................... 203
General Settings menu ............................................................. 205
Copy Settings menu ................................................................. 221
Scan/Digital Send Settings menu .............................................. 229
Fax Settings menu ................................................................... 240
General Print Settings menu ...................................................... 254
Default Print Options menu ....................................................... 256
Display Settings menu .............................................................. 258
Manage Supplies menu ........................................................... 260
Manage Trays menu ................................................................ 265
Network Settings menu ............................................................ 267
Troubleshooting menu .............................................................. 281
Device Maintenance menu ...................................................................... 285
Backup/Restore menu .............................................................. 285
Calibration/Cleaning menu ...................................................... 285
USB Firmware Upgrade menu ................................................... 288
Service menu .......................................................................... 288
Interpret control-panel messages and event log entries ............................................... 289
Control-panel message types ................................................................... 289
Control-panel messages and event log entries ............................................ 289
10.0X.Y0 Supply memory error ................................................ 289
10.22.50 ............................................................................... 290
x ENWW
10.22.51 ............................................................................... 290
10.22.52 ............................................................................... 290
10.23.50 ............................................................................... 291
10.23.51 ............................................................................... 291
10.23.52 ............................................................................... 291
10.23.70 Printing past very low ............................................... 291
10.39.50 New Document Feeder Kit ......................................... 292
10.39.53 ............................................................................... 292
10.39.55 Clean Document Feeder Rollers .................................. 292
10.39.56 ............................................................................... 292
10.39.60 Document Feeder Kit low ........................................... 292
10.39.69 Document Feeder Kit very low .................................... 293
10.39.70 Scanning past very low ............................................. 293
10.39.71 Document Feeder has stopped ................................... 293
10.XX.34 Used supply in use .................................................... 293
10.XX.40 Genuine HP supplies installed .................................... 294
10.XX.41 Unsupported supply in use ......................................... 294
10.XX.70 Printing past very low ................................................ 295
10.YY.15 Install <supply> ........................................................ 295
10.YY.25 Wrong cartridge in <color> slot ................................. 296
10.YY.35 Incompatible <supply> .............................................. 297
11.00.YY Internal clock error .................................................... 297
13.00.00 ............................................................................... 297
13.80.A1 .............................................................................. 298
13.80.D1 .............................................................................. 298
13.80.F1 ............................................................................... 298
13.80.FF ................................................................................ 299
13.84.A1 Jam in lower bin area ............................................... 299
13.84.F1 ............................................................................... 299
13.85.A1 Jam inside right cover ............................................... 299
13.85.A1 Jam inside right door ................................................ 300
13.85.F1 Jam inside right cover ................................................ 300
13.89.31 Staple jam inside right cover ..................................... 300
13.8A.EE ............................................................................... 301
13.A3.D3 .............................................................................. 301
13.A3.D4 .............................................................................. 301
13.A3.D5 .............................................................................. 302
13.A3.D6 .............................................................................. 303
13.A3.FF ............................................................................... 303
13.A4.D4 .............................................................................. 303
13.A4.D5 .............................................................................. 304
ENWW xi
13.A4.D6 .............................................................................. 305
13.A4.FF ............................................................................... 305
13.A5.A5 .............................................................................. 305
13.A5.D6 .............................................................................. 306
13.A5.FF ............................................................................... 306
13.A6.D6 .............................................................................. 307
13.A6.FF ............................................................................... 307
13.AA.EE ............................................................................... 308
13.AB.EE ............................................................................... 308
13.B2.AX ............................................................................... 309
13.B2.DX ............................................................................... 310
13.B2.FF ................................................................................ 311
13.B4.FF ................................................................................ 311
13.B9.AZ ............................................................................... 311
13.B9.CZ ............................................................................... 313
13.B9.DZ ............................................................................... 315
13.B9.FF ................................................................................ 316
13.BA.EE ............................................................................... 316
13.BB.EE ................................................................................ 316
13.E1.DZ ............................................................................... 317
13.FF.FF ................................................................................ 318
20.00.00 Insufficient memory: <Device> To continue, touch “OK” 319
21.00.00 Page too complex To continue, touch “OK” ................. 319
30.01.01 ............................................................................... 319
30.01.06 ............................................................................... 319
30.01.08 ............................................................................... 319
30.01.41 ............................................................................... 320
30.01.43 ............................................................................... 320
30.01.44 ............................................................................... 320
30.01.45 ............................................................................... 321
30.01.46 ............................................................................... 321
30.03.14 ............................................................................... 321
30.03.20 ............................................................................... 322
30.03.22 ............................................................................... 322
30.03.23 ............................................................................... 322
30.03.30 ............................................................................... 322
30.03.45 ............................................................................... 323
31.01.47 ............................................................................... 323
31.03.30 ............................................................................... 323
31.03.31 ............................................................................... 324
31.03.32 ............................................................................... 324
xii ENWW
31.08.A1 .............................................................................. 324
31.08.A2 .............................................................................. 325
31.08.A3 .............................................................................. 325
31.13.01 ............................................................................... 325
31.13.02 ............................................................................... 326
31.13.13 ............................................................................... 326
31.13.14 ............................................................................... 327
31.13.15 ............................................................................... 327
32.1C.XX ............................................................................... 327
32.21.00 ............................................................................... 332
33.01.01 ............................................................................... 332
33.01.02 ............................................................................... 333
33.01.03 ............................................................................... 333
33.01.04 ............................................................................... 333
33.01.05 ............................................................................... 333
33.02.01 ............................................................................... 333
33.02.02 ............................................................................... 334
33.02.03 ............................................................................... 334
33.03.01 ............................................................................... 334
33.03.02 ............................................................................... 334
40.00.01 USB I/O buffer overflow To continue, touch “OK” ........ 335
40.00.02 Embedded I/O buffer overflow To continue, touch
“OK” ..................................................................................... 335
40.00.04 Unsupported USB accessory detected To continue,
touch “OK” ............................................................................ 335
40.00.05 Embedded I/O bad transmission To continue, touch
“OK” ..................................................................................... 335
40.08.0X USB storage accessory removed ................................. 335
40.0X.05 USB storage accessory removed ................................. 336
41.01.YZ ............................................................................... 336
41.02.00 Error ....................................................................... 337
41.02.0Z Error ....................................................................... 337
41.03.YZ Unexpected size in Tray <X> ..................................... 338
41.03.YZ Unexpected size in Tray <X> To use another tray, touch
"Options" ............................................................................... 339
41.04.YZ ............................................................................... 339
41.05.YZ Unexpected type in Tray <X> ..................................... 340
41.05.YZ Unexpected type in Tray <X> To use another tray,
touch "Options" ...................................................................... 342
41.07.YZ Error To continue, touch “OK” .................................... 343
41.WX.YZ Error To use another tray, touch "Options" ................. 344
42.XX.YY ............................................................................... 346
ENWW xiii
47.00.00 ............................................................................... 346
47.00.XX ............................................................................... 346
47.01.XX ............................................................................... 346
47.02.XX ............................................................................... 347
47.03.XX ............................................................................... 347
47.04.XX ............................................................................... 347
47.05.00 ............................................................................... 347
47.06.XX ............................................................................... 348
47.WX.YZ Printer calibration failed To continue, touch “OK” ....... 348
48.01.XX Error ....................................................................... 349
49.XX.YY Error To continue turn off then on ................................ 350
50.WX.YZ Fuser error To continue turn off then on ...................... 350
51.00.YY Error To continue turn off then on ................................ 354
52.<XX>.00 Error To continue turn off then on ............................ 354
54.XX.YY Error ....................................................................... 354
55.XX.YY DC controller error To continue turn off then on ............ 356
56.00.01 Illegal Input Printer Error To continue turn off then on .... 356
56.00.02 Selected media output bin unavailable ........................ 356
56.00.03 Media input path operation error ............................... 357
57.00.0Y Error To continue turn off then on ................................ 357
58.00.02 environmental sensor malfunction ............................... 358
58.00.04 Error To continue turn off then on ............................... 358
59.00.YY Error To continue turn off then on ................................ 359
59.0X.50 Error To continue turn off then on ................................ 360
59.0X.60 Error To continue turn off then on ................................ 360
59.0X.70 Error To continue turn off then on ................................ 360
59.0X.80 Error To continue turn off then on ................................ 361
60.00.0Y Tray <Y> lifting error ................................................ 361
60.10.0Y Media input source <Y> pickup mechanism
malfunction ............................................................................. 363
61.00.01 ............................................................................... 363
62.00.00 No system To continue turn off then on ........................ 363
66.80.02 ............................................................................... 364
66.80.17 ............................................................................... 364
66.80.19 ............................................................................... 364
66.80.23 ............................................................................... 365
66.80.33 ............................................................................... 365
69.11.YY Error To continue, touch “OK” .................................... 365
70.00.00 Error To continue turn off then on ............................... 365
80.0X.YY Embedded Jetdirect Error ........................................... 366
81.WX.00 Wireless Network Error To continue turn off then on .... 367
xiv ENWW
81.WX.YZ Embedded Jetdirect Error To continue turn off then on . . 368
98.00.02 Corrupt data in solutions volume ................................ 368
98.00.03 Corrupt data in configuration volume .......................... 368
98.00.04 Corrupt data in job data volume ................................ 369
98.00.0X Corrupt data in X volume ........................................... 369
99.00.01 Upgrade not performed file is corrupt ......................... 369
99.00.02 Upgrade not performed timeout during receive ............ 369
99.00.03 Upgrade not performed error writing to disk ................ 370
99.00.04 Upgrade not performed timeout during receive ............ 370
99.00.05 Upgrade not performed timeout during receive ............ 370
99.00.06 Upgrade not performed error reading upgrade ............ 370
99.00.07 Upgrade not performed error reading upgrade ............ 371
99.00.08 Upgrade not performed error reading upgrade ............ 371
99.00.09 Upgrade canceled by user ........................................ 371
99.00.10 Upgrade canceled by user ........................................ 371
99.00.11 Upgrade canceled by user ........................................ 372
99.00.12 Upgrade not performed the file is invalid .................... 372
99.00.13 Upgrade not performed the file is invalid .................... 372
99.00.14 Upgrade not performed the file is invalid .................... 372
99.00.2X ............................................................................... 373
99.01.XX ............................................................................... 373
99.02.01 ............................................................................... 374
99.02.09 ............................................................................... 374
99.09.60 Unsupported disk ..................................................... 374
99.09.61 Unsupported disk ..................................................... 374
99.09.62 Unknown disk .......................................................... 374
99.09.63 Incorrect disk ........................................................... 375
99.09.64 Disk malfunction ....................................................... 375
99.09.65 Disk data error ......................................................... 375
99.09.66 No disk installed ...................................................... 375
99.09.67 Disk is not bootable please download firmware ........... 375
99.09.68 ............................................................................... 376
99.XX.YY ............................................................................... 376
<Binname> full Remove all paper from bin ................................. 376
<Supply> almost full ................................................................ 376
<Supply> low OR Supplies low ................................................. 377
<Supply> very low OR Supplies very low ................................... 377
<Tray X> lifting ....................................................................... 378
[File System] device failure To clear press OK ............................. 379
[File System] file operation failed To clear press OK .................... 379
[File System] file system is full To clear press OK ......................... 379
ENWW xv
[File System] is not initialized .................................................... 379
[File System] is write protected .................................................. 379
Accept bad signature ............................................................... 380
Bad optional tray connection .................................................... 380
Calibration reset pending ......................................................... 380
Canceling .............................................................................. 380
Canceling <jobname> ............................................................. 380
Checking engine ..................................................................... 381
Checking paper path ............................................................... 381
Chosen personality not available To continue, touch “OK” ........... 381
Cleaning do not grab paper ..................................................... 381
Cleaning... ............................................................................. 381
Clearing event log ................................................................... 382
Clearing paper path ................................................................ 382
Close front door ...................................................................... 382
Close lower right door ............................................................. 382
Close middle right door ........................................................... 383
Close right door ...................................................................... 383
Close upper right door For help press ? ..................................... 383
Cooling device ....................................................................... 384
Data received To print last page, press OK ................................ 384
Event log is empty ................................................................... 384
Expected drive missing ............................................................. 384
HP Secure Hard Drive disabled ................................................. 384
Incompatible <supply> ............................................................. 385
Incompatible supplies .............................................................. 385
Initializing... ........................................................................... 385
Install <supply> ....................................................................... 386
Install <supply> Close rear door ............................................... 386
Install Fuser Unit ...................................................................... 386
Install supplies ........................................................................ 387
Install Transfer Unit .................................................................. 387
Internal disk not functional ........................................................ 387
Internal disk spinning up .......................................................... 388
Load Tray <X>: [Type], [Size] ................................................... 388
Load Tray <X>: [Type], [Size] To use another tray, touch OK ........ 388
Loading program <XX> ............................................................ 389
Manually feed output stack Then touch "OK" to print second
sides ...................................................................................... 389
Manually feed: [Type], [Size] To continue, touch “OK” ................ 389
Manually feed: [Type], [Size] To use another tray, touch OK ........ 390
xvi ENWW
Moving solenoid ..................................................................... 390
Moving solenoid and motor ...................................................... 390
No job to cancel ..................................................................... 390
Paused ................................................................................... 391
Performing Color Band Test… ................................................... 391
Performing Paper Path Test… .................................................... 391
Please wait… .......................................................................... 391
Printing CMYK samples... ......................................................... 391
Printing Color Usage Log... ...................................................... 391
Printing Configuration... ........................................................... 392
Printing Demo Page... .............................................................. 392
Printing Diagnostics Page... ...................................................... 392
Printing Engine Test... .............................................................. 392
Printing Event Log... ................................................................. 392
Printing File Directory... ............................................................ 393
Printing Font List... ................................................................... 393
Printing Fuser Test Page... ......................................................... 393
Printing Help Page... ............................................................... 393
Printing Menu Map... ............................................................... 393
Printing PQ Troubleshooting... .................................................. 393
Printing Registration Page... ...................................................... 394
Printing RGB Samples... ........................................................... 394
Printing stopped ...................................................................... 394
Printing Supplies Status page... ................................................. 394
Printing Usage Page... ............................................................. 394
Processing duplex job... Do not grab paper until job completes .... 395
Processing job from tray <X>... Do not grab paper until job
completes ............................................................................... 395
Processing... <filename> .......................................................... 395
Processing... copy <X> of <Y> .................................................. 395
Ready .................................................................................... 395
Ready <IP Address> ................................................................ 396
Remove all toner cartridges ...................................................... 396
Remove at least one toner cartridge ........................................... 396
Remove shipping lock from Tray 2 ............................................. 396
Replace <supply> ................................................................... 396
Replace supplies ..................................................................... 397
Restore Factory Settings ........................................................... 398
Restricted from printing in color ................................................. 398
Rotating <color> motor ............................................................ 398
Rotating Motor ........................................................................ 399
ENWW xvii
Size mismatch in Tray <X> ....................................................... 399
Sleep mode on ....................................................................... 399
Supplies in wrong positions ...................................................... 400
Tray <X> empty: [Type], [Size] ................................................. 400
Tray <X> overfilled .................................................................. 401
Troubleshooting ...................................................................... 401
Type mismatch Tray <X> .......................................................... 401
Unsupported drive installed To continue, touch “OK” ................... 402
Unsupported supply in use OR Unsupported supply installed To
continue, touch “OK” ............................................................... 402
Unsupported tray configuration ................................................. 403
Unsupported USB accessory detected Remove USB accessory ....... 403
USB accessory needs too much power Remove USB and turn off
then on .................................................................................. 403
USB accessory not functional .................................................... 403
Used supply installed To continue, touch “OK” OR Used supply in
use ........................................................................................ 404
Wrong cartridge in <color> slot ................................................ 404
Event log messages ............................................................................................... 405
Print or view an event log ........................................................................ 406
Clear an event log .................................................................................. 406
Clear jams .......................................................................................................................... 407
Jam locations ........................................................................................................ 407
Paper path sensor locations ..................................................................... 408
Auto-navigation for clearing jams ............................................................................ 411
Clear jams in the document feeder .......................................................................... 412
Clear jams in the output bin area ............................................................................ 414
Clear staple jams .................................................................................................. 414
Clear jams in the stapler/stacker ............................................................................. 417
Clear jams in the right door .................................................................................... 419
Clear jams in Tray 1 .............................................................................................. 421
Clear jams in Tray 2 .............................................................................................. 423
Clear jams in the 1 x 500-sheet feeder or the 1 x 500-sheet feeder with cabinet ........... 425
Clear jams in the 3 x 500-sheet feeder .................................................................... 427
Clear jams in the 3,500-sheet high-capacity tray ....................................................... 429
Change jam recovery ............................................................................................ 432
Paper feeds incorrectly or becomes jammed ............................................................................ 433
The product does not pick up paper ........................................................................ 433
The product picks up multiple sheets of paper ........................................................... 433
The document feeder jams, skews, or picks up multiple sheets of paper ....................... 434
Prevent paper jams ................................................................................................ 434
xviii ENWW
Use manual print modes ....................................................................................................... 435
Solve image quality problems ................................................................................................ 439
Image defects table ............................................................................................... 439
Clean the product ................................................................................................................ 445
Print a cleaning page ............................................................................................ 445
Check the scanner glass for dirt or smudges ............................................................. 445
Clean the pickup rollers and separation pad in the document feeder ........................... 448
Solve performance problems ................................................................................................. 450
Solve connectivity problems ................................................................................................... 451
Solve USB connection problems .............................................................................. 451
Solve wired network problems ................................................................................ 451
The product has a poor physical connection. ............................................. 451
The computer is using the incorrect IP address for the product ...................... 451
The computer is unable to communicate with the product ............................ 452
The product is using incorrect link and duplex settings for the network .......... 452
New software programs might be causing compatibility problems ................ 452
The computer or workstation might be set up incorrectly .............................. 452
The product is disabled, or other network settings are incorrect .................... 452
Service mode functions ......................................................................................................... 453
Service menu ........................................................................................................ 453
Product resets ....................................................................................................... 457
Restore factory-set defaults ....................................................................... 457
Restore the service ID .............................................................................. 457
Product cold reset ................................................................................... 458
Format Disk and Partial Clean functions ................................................................... 458
Active and repository firmware locations ................................................... 458
Partial Clean ......................................................................................... 458
Execute a Partial Clean ............................................................ 459
Format Disk ........................................................................................... 459
Execute a Format Disk .............................................................. 460
Solve fax problems ............................................................................................................... 461
Checklist for solving fax problems ........................................................................... 461
What type of phone line are you using? .................................................... 461
Are you using a surge-protection device? .................................................. 462
Are you using a phone company voice-messaging service or an answering
machine? .............................................................................................. 462
Does your phone line have a call-waiting feature? ...................................... 462
Check fax accessory status ..................................................................................... 463
General fax problems ............................................................................................ 464
Use Fax over VoIP networks .................................................................................... 465
Problems with receiving faxes ................................................................................. 466
ENWW xix
Problems with sending faxes ................................................................................... 468
Fax error messages on the product control panel ...................................................... 469
Send-fax messages ................................................................................. 470
Receive-fax messages ............................................................................. 471
Service settings ..................................................................................................... 472
Settings in the Troubleshooting menu ........................................................ 472
Product upgrades ................................................................................................................. 473
Determine the installed revision of firmware .............................................................. 473
Perform a firmware upgrade ................................................................................... 473
HP Embedded Web Server ...................................................................... 473
USB flash drive (Preboot menu) ................................................................ 474
USB flash drive (control-panel menu) ......................................................... 475
Appendix A Service and support ..................................................................................... 477
Hewlett-Packard limited warranty statement ............................................................................. 478
HP's Premium Protection Warranty: LaserJet toner cartridge limited warranty statement ................. 480
HP policy on non-HP supplies ................................................................................................ 481
HP anticounterfeit Web site ................................................................................................... 482
Color LaserJet Fuser Kit, Transfer Kit, and Roller Kit Limited Warranty Statement ........................... 483
Data stored on the toner cartridge .......................................................................................... 484
End User License Agreement .................................................................................................. 485
OpenSSL ............................................................................................................................. 488
Customer self-repair warranty service ..................................................................................... 489
Customer support ................................................................................................................. 490
Appendix B Product specifications ................................................................................... 491
Physical specifications .......................................................................................................... 492
Power consumption, electrical specifications, and acoustic emissions .......................................... 492
Environmental specifications .................................................................................................. 492
Appendix C Regulatory information ................................................................................. 493
FCC regulations ................................................................................................................... 494
Environmental product stewardship program ........................................................................... 495
Protecting the environment ...................................................................................... 495
Ozone production ................................................................................................. 495
Power consumption ............................................................................................... 495
Paper use ............................................................................................................. 495
Plastics ................................................................................................................. 495
HP LaserJet print supplies ....................................................................................... 495
Return and recycling instructions ............................................................................. 496
xx ENWW
United States and Puerto Rico .................................................................. 496
Multiple returns (more than one cartridge) .................................. 496
Single returns .......................................................................... 496
Shipping ................................................................................ 496
Non-U.S. returns .................................................................................... 497
Paper .................................................................................................................. 497
Material restrictions ............................................................................................... 497
Disposal of waste equipment by users ...................................................................... 498
Electronic hardware recycling ................................................................................. 498
Chemical substances ............................................................................................. 498
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ......................................................................... 498
For more information ............................................................................................. 498
Declaration of conformity ...................................................................................................... 499
Declaration of conformity (fax models) .................................................................................... 501
Certificate of Volatility .......................................................................................................... 503
Safety statements ................................................................................................................. 505
Laser safety .......................................................................................................... 505
Canadian DOC regulations .................................................................................... 505
VCCI statement (Japan) .......................................................................................... 505
Power cord instructions .......................................................................................... 505
Power cord statement (Japan) ................................................................................. 505
EMC statement (China) .......................................................................................... 506
EMC statement (Korea) .......................................................................................... 506
EMI statement (Taiwan) .......................................................................................... 506
Laser statement for Finland ..................................................................................... 506
GS statement (Germany) ........................................................................................ 508
Substances Table (China) ....................................................................................... 508
Restriction on Hazardous Substances statement (Turkey) ............................................. 508
Restriction on Hazardous Substances statement (Ukraine) ........................................... 508
Additional statements for telecom (fax) products ....................................................................... 509
EU Statement for Telecom Operation ....................................................................... 509
New Zealand Telecom Statements ........................................................................... 509
Additional FCC statement for telecom products (US) .................................................. 509
Telephone Consumer Protection Act (US) .................................................................. 510
Industry Canada CS-03 requirements ...................................................................... 510
Vietnam Telecom wired/wireless marking for ICTQC Type approved products ............. 511
Japan Telecom Mark ............................................................................................. 511
Index ............................................................................................................................... 513
ENWW xxi
xxii ENWW
List of tables
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation (product base) ....................................................................................... 3
Table 1-2 Electrical components ............................................................................................................. 9
Table 1-3 Motors ................................................................................................................................ 11
Table 1-4 Fans ................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 1-5 Photo sensors and switches (product) ...................................................................................... 45
Table 1-6 Motors and solenoids (paper path) ......................................................................................... 46
Table 1-7 Tray 2 cassette media-size detection and Tray 2 cassette-presence detection (product base) .......... 50
Table 1-8 Fuser loop sensors control ...................................................................................................... 60
Table 1-9 Paper sizes, duplex operation ................................................................................................ 65
Table 1-10 Print modes, duplex operation .............................................................................................. 65
Table 1-11 Stapler/stacker motors ........................................................................................................ 73
Table 1-12 Stapler/stacker fan ............................................................................................................. 75
Table 1-13 Stapler/stacker electrical components ................................................................................... 78
Table 1-14 1x500-sheet paper feeder paper-feeder motors ...................................................................... 83
Table 1-15 1x500-sheet paper feeder paper-feeder electrical components ................................................. 84
Table 1-16 1x500-sheet paper feeder cassette media-size detection and cassette-presence detection ............ 85
Table 1-17 1x500-sheet paper-deck motors ........................................................................................... 89
Table 1-18 1x500-sheet paper-deck electrical components ...................................................................... 91
Table 1-19 1x500-sheet paper-deck cassette media-size detection and cassette-presence detection ............... 92
Table 1-20 3x500-sheet paper deck motors ........................................................................................... 97
Table 1-21 3x500-sheet paper deck ..................................................................................................... 98
Table 1-22 3x500-sheet paper-deck cassette media-size detection and cassette-presence detection ............. 100
Table 1-23 HCI electrical components ................................................................................................. 105
Table 1-24 HCI motors ...................................................................................................................... 106
Table 1-25 HCI pickup-and-feed operation components ......................................................................... 107
Table 2-1 Preboot menu options (1 of 6) .............................................................................................. 117
Table 2-2 Preboot menu options (2 of 6) .............................................................................................. 119
Table 2-3 Preboot menu options (3 of 6) .............................................................................................. 120
Table 2-4 Preboot menu options (4 of 6) .............................................................................................. 121
Table 2-5 Preb
Table 2-6 Preboot menu options (6 of 6) .............................................................................................. 122
Table 2-7 Troubleshooting flowchart .................................................................................................... 125
oot menu options (5 of 6) .............................................................................................. 121
ENWW xxiii
Table 2-8 Control-panel diagnostic functions ........................................................................................ 128
Table 2-9 Heartbeat LED, product initialization ..................................................................................... 138
Table 2-10 Heartbeat LED, product operational .................................................................................... 140
Table 2-11 Paper-path sensors diagnostic tests ..................................................................................... 146
Table 2-12 Manual sensor diagnostic tests ........................................................................................... 147
Table 2-13 Tray/bin manual sensors ................................................................................................... 149
Table 2-14 Component test details ...................................................................................................... 152
Table 2-15 Photo sensors and switches (product) .................................................................................. 157
Table 2-16 1x500-sheet paper-feeder sensors and switches ................................................................... 158
Table 2-17 1x500-sheet paper-deck sensors and switches ..................................................................... 159
Table 2-18 3x500-sheet paper-deck sensors and switches ..................................................................... 160
Table 2-19 High capacity input (HCI) sensors and switches .................................................................... 161
Table 2-20 DC controller connectors ................................................................................................... 162
Table 2-21 Component locations (1 of 6) ............................................................................................. 168
Table 2-22 Component locations (2 of 6) ............................................................................................. 169
Table 2-23 Component locations (3 of 6) ............................................................................................. 169
Table 2-24 Component locations (4 of 6) ............................................................................................. 170
Table 2-25 Component locations (5 of 6) ............................................................................................. 171
Table 2-26 Component locations (6 of 6) ............................................................................................. 172
Table 2-27 1 x 500-sheet paper feeder (1 of 2) ................................................................................... 173
Table 2-28 1 x 500-sheet paper feeder (2 of 2) ................................................................................... 174
Table 2-29 1 x 500-sheet paper deck (1 of 2) ...................................................................................... 175
Table 2-30 1 x 500-sheet paper deck (2 of 2) ...................................................................................... 176
Table 2-31 3,500-sheet paper deck (1 of 2) ........................................................................................ 177
Table 2-32 3,500-sheet paper deck (2 of 2) ........................................................................................ 178
Table 2-33 Stapler/stacker (1 of 2) ..................................................................................................... 179
Table 2-34 Stapler/stacker (2 of 2) ..................................................................................................... 180
Table 2-35 Important information on the configuration pages ................................................................. 200
Table 2-36 Reports menu ................................................................................................................... 203
Table 2-37 Ge
Table 2-38 Copy Settings menu .......................................................................................................... 221
Table 2-39 Scan/Digital Send Settings menu ....................................................................................... 229
Table 2-40 Fax Settings menu ............................................................................................................ 241
Table 2-41 General Print Settings menu ............................................................................................... 254
Table 2-42 Default Print Options menu ................................................................................................ 256
Table 2-43 Display Settings menu ....................................................................................................... 258
Table 2-44 Manage Supplies menu .................................................................................................... 260
Table 2-45 Manage Trays menu ......................................................................................................... 266
Table 2-46 Network Settings menu ..................................................................................................... 268
Table 2-47 Jetdirect Menu .................................................................................................................. 268
Table 2-48 Troubleshooting menu ....................................................................................................... 281
neral Settings menu ...................................................................................................... 205
xxiv ENWW
Table 2-49 Backup/Restore menu ....................................................................................................... 285
Table 2-50 Calibration/Cleaning menu ............................................................................................... 286
Table 2-51 Photo sensors and switches (product) .................................................................................. 408
Table 2-52 Print modes under the Adjust Paper Types submenu .............................................................. 436
Table 2-53 MP modes under the Optimize submenu ............................................................................. 437
Table 2-54 Image defects table .......................................................................................................... 439
Table 2-55 Solve performance problems .............................................................................................. 450
Table 2-56 Send-fax messages ........................................................................................................... 470
Table 2-57 Receive-fax messages ........................................................................................................ 471
Table B-1 Physical specifications, with toner cartridges .......................................................................... 492
Table B-2 Product dimensions with all doors, trays, and the document feeder fully opened ......................... 492
Table B-3 Operating-environment specifications .................................................................................... 492
ENWW xxv
xxvi ENWW
List of figures
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main product systems ......................................................................... 2
Figure 1-2 Engine-control system ............................................................................................................. 8
Figure 1-3 DC controller block diagram ................................................................................................... 9
Figure 1-4 Motors ............................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 1-5 Fans .................................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 1-6 Fuser-control circuit .............................................................................................................. 14
Figure 1-7 Fuser-heater control circuit .................................................................................................... 15
Figure 1-8 Low-voltage power supply .................................................................................................... 18
Figure 1-9 High-voltage power supply ................................................................................................... 21
Figure 1-10 Laser/scanner system ......................................................................................................... 23
Figure 1-11 Electrophotographic process block diagram ......................................................................... 25
Figure 1-12 Electrophotographic process drive system ............................................................................. 26
Figure 1-13 Image formation process .................................................................................................... 27
Figure 1-14 Pre-exposure ..................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 1-15 Primary charging ............................................................................................................... 28
Figure 1-16 Laser beam exposure ......................................................................................................... 29
Figure 1-17 Developing ....................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 1-18 Primary transfer ................................................................................................................. 31
Figure 1-19 Secondary transfer ............................................................................................................ 31
Figure 1-20 Separation ....................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 1-21 Fusing .............................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 1-22 ITB cleaning ...................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 1-23 Drum cleaning .................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 1-24 Print cartridge block diagram .............................................................................................. 34
Figure 1-25 Developing unit engagement and disengagement control ....................................................... 36
Figure 1-26 ITB unit block diagram ....................................................................................................... 37
Figure 1-27 Primary transfer roller engagement and disengagement control ............................................... 38
Figure 1-28 I
Figure 1-29 Color-misregistration control ............................................................................................... 41
Figure 1-30 Pickup, feed, and delivery system ........................................................................................ 44
Figure 1-31 Pickup, feed, and delivery system blocks .............................................................................. 45
Figure 1-32 Photo sensors (paper path) ................................................................................................. 45
TB cleaning mechanism ..................................................................................................... 40
ENWW xxvii
Figure 1-33 Motors and solenoids (paper path) ...................................................................................... 46
Figure 1-34 Pickup and feed block ........................................................................................................ 47
Figure 1-35 Tray 2 cassette pickup operation ......................................................................................... 48
Figure 1-36 Tray 2 cassette multiple-feed prevention ............................................................................... 49
Figure 1-37 Tray 2 cassette lift-up operation ........................................................................................... 52
Figure 1-38 Tray 2 cassette media-presence detection ............................................................................. 53
Figure 1-39 Tray 1 (MP tray) paper pickup ............................................................................................ 54
Figure 1-40 Tray 1 (MP tray) last-paper detection ................................................................................... 55
Figure 1-41 Paper feed ....................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 1-42 Skew-feed prevention ......................................................................................................... 57
Figure 1-43 Fusing and delivery block ................................................................................................... 60
Figure 1-44 Pressure roller pressurization and depressurization control ...................................................... 61
Figure 1-45 Output bin full detection ..................................................................................................... 62
Figure 1-46 Duplex block .................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 1-47 Duplex operation .............................................................................................................. 64
Figure 1-48 Sensors for jam detection ................................................................................................... 66
Figure 1-49 ADF path for single-sided documents ................................................................................... 69
Figure 1-50 ADF path for two-sided documents ...................................................................................... 70
Figure 1-51 Stapler/stacker paper path ................................................................................................. 71
Figure 1-52 Stapler/stacker controller signal flow diagram ...................................................................... 72
Figure 1-53 Stapler/stacker motors ....................................................................................................... 73
Figure 1-54 Stapler/stacker fan ............................................................................................................ 75
Figure 1-55 Stapler/stacker electrical components (1 of 2) ...................................................................... 77
Figure 1-56 Stapler/stacker electrical components (2 of 2) ...................................................................... 77
Figure 1-57 Stapler ............................................................................................................................. 79
Figure 1-58 Stapler/stacker jam detection ............................................................................................. 80
Figure 1-59 Paper-feeder paper path .................................................................................................... 82
Figure 1-60 Paper-feeder signal flow block diagram ............................................................................... 82
Figure 1-61 1x500-sheet paper feeder paper-feeder motors ..................................................................... 83
Figure 1-62 1x
Figure 1-63 1x500-sheet paper feeder cassette lift operation ................................................................... 86
Figure 1-64 1x500-sheet paper feeder jam detection .............................................................................. 86
Figure 1-65 1x500-sheet paper-deck paper path .................................................................................... 88
Figure 1-66 1x500-sheet paper-deck signal flow block diagram ............................................................... 89
Figure 1-67 1x500-sheet paper-deck motors .......................................................................................... 89
Figure 1-68 1x500-sheet paper-deck electrical components ..................................................................... 91
Figure 1-69 1x500-sheet paper-deck cassette lift operation ...................................................................... 93
Figure 1-70 1x500-sheet paper-deck jam detection ................................................................................. 94
Figure 1-71 3x500-sheet paper deck .................................................................................................... 95
Figure 1-72 3x500-sheet paper deck signal flow block diagram ............................................................... 96
Figure 1-73 3x500-sheet paper-deck motors .......................................................................................... 97
500-sheet paper feeder paper-feeder electrical components ................................................ 84
xxviii ENWW
Figure 1-74 3x500-sheet paper-deck pickup-and-feed operation ............................................................... 98
Figure 1-75 3x500-sheet paper-deck cassette lift-up operation ................................................................ 101
Figure 1-76 3x500-sheet paper deck jam detection .............................................................................. 102
Figure 1-77 HCI paper path ............................................................................................................... 104
Figure 1-78 HCI signal flow ............................................................................................................... 104
Figure 1-79 HCI motors ..................................................................................................................... 106
Figure 1-80 HCI pickup-and-feed components ...................................................................................... 107
Figure 1-81 HCI lift-up operation mechanism ........................................................................................ 109
Figure 1-82 HCI jam detection sensors ................................................................................................ 111
Figure 2-1 Touchscreen blank, white, or dim (no image) ........................................................................ 131
Figure 2-2 Touchscreen is slow to respond or requires multiple presses to respond .................................... 132
Figure 2-3 Touchscreen has an unresponsive zone ................................................................................ 133
Figure 2-4 No control-panel sound ...................................................................................................... 134
Figure 2-5 Home button is unresponsive .............................................................................................. 135
Figure 2-6 Hardware integration pocket (HIP) is not functioning (control panel functional) .......................... 136
Figure 2-7 Defeating interlocks (1 of 2) ................................................................................................ 142
Figure 2-8 Defeating interlocks (2 of 2) ................................................................................................ 143
Figure 2-9 Engine test button .............................................................................................................. 144
Figure 2-10 Photo sensors (paper path) ............................................................................................... 157
Figure 2-11 1x500-sheet paper-feeder sensors and switches .................................................................. 158
Figure 2-12 1x500-sheet paper-deck sensors and switches .................................................................... 159
Figure 2-13 3x500-sheet paper-deck sensors and switches .................................................................... 160
Figure 2-14 High capacity input (HCI) sensors and switches ................................................................... 161
Figure 2-15 DC controller PCA ........................................................................................................... 162
Figure 2-16 HCI Controller PCA ......................................................................................................... 164
Figure 2-17 Paper Deck Controller PCA ............................................................................................... 165
Figure 2-18 Staple Stacker Controller PCA ........................................................................................... 166
Figure 2-19 Component locations (1 of 6) ............................................................................................ 168
Figure 2-20 Component locations (2 of 6) ............................................................................................ 169
Figure 2-21 Component locations (3 of
Figure 2-22 Component locations (4 of 6) ............................................................................................ 170
Figure 2-23 Component locations (5 of 6) ............................................................................................ 171
Figure 2-24 Component locations (6 of 6) ............................................................................................ 172
Figure 2-25 1 x 500-sheet paper feeder (1 of 2) .................................................................................. 173
Figure 2-26 1 x 500-sheet paper feeder (2 of 2) .................................................................................. 174
Figure 2-27 1 x 500-sheet paper deck (1 of 2) ..................................................................................... 175
Figure 2-28 1 x 500-sheet paper deck (2 of 2) ..................................................................................... 176
Figure 2-29 3,500-sheet paper deck (1 of 2) ....................................................................................... 177
Figure 2-30 3,500-sheet paper deck (2 of 2) ....................................................................................... 178
Figure 2-31 Stapler/stacker (1 of 2) .................................................................................................... 179
Figure 2-32 Stapler/stacker (2 of 2) .................................................................................................... 180
6) ............................................................................................ 169
ENWW xxix
Figure 2-33 General timing chart (1 of 2) ............................................................................................ 181
Figure 2-34 General timing chart (1 of 2) ............................................................................................ 182
Figure 2-35 Product circuit block diagram ............................................................................................ 183
Figure 2-36 General circuit diagram (1 of 3) ....................................................................................... 184
Figure 2-37 General circuit diagram (2 of 3) ....................................................................................... 185
Figure 2-38 General circuit diagram (3 of 3) ....................................................................................... 186
Figure 2-39 1 x 500-sheet paper feeder .............................................................................................. 187
Figure 2-40 1 x 500- and 3 x 500-sheet paper deck (3 x 500 PD 3 PCAs) .............................................. 188
Figure 2-41 High capacity input feeder ............................................................................................... 189
Figure 2-42 Staple/stacker ................................................................................................................ 190
Figure 2-43 Print-quality troubleshooting procedure ............................................................................... 191
Figure 2-44 Yellow print-quality troubleshooting page ........................................................................... 192
Figure 2-45 Yellow comparison page .................................................................................................. 192
Figure 2-46 Black print-quality troubleshooting page ............................................................................. 193
Figure 2-47 Configuration page ......................................................................................................... 197
Figure 2-48 HP embedded Jetdirect page ............................................................................................ 199
Figure 2-49 Repetitive defects ruler ..................................................................................................... 201
Figure 2-50 Sample event log ............................................................................................................ 405
Figure 2-51 Sensors (product base) ..................................................................................................... 408
Figure 2-52 Sensor locations; 1x500-sheet paper feeder (PF) ................................................................. 409
Figure 2-53 Sensor locations; 1x500-sheet paper deck ......................................................................... 409
Figure 2-54 Sensor locations; 3x500-sheet paper deck ......................................................................... 410
Figure 2-55 Sensor locations; high capacity input feeder ....................................................................... 410
Figure 2-56 Sensor locations; stapler stacker ........................................................................................ 411
Figure C-1 Certificate of Volatility (1 of 2) ............................................................................................ 503
Figure C-2 Certificate of Volatility (2 of 2) ............................................................................................ 504
xxx ENWW
1 Theory of operation
Basic operation
●
Formatter-control system
●
Engine-control system
●
Laser/scanner system
●
Image-formation system
●
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
●
Scanning/image capture system
●
Stapler/stacker
●
1x500-sheet paper feeder
●
1x500-sheet paper deck
●
3x500-sheet paper deck
●
3,500-sheet high-capacity input (HCI) feeder
●
ENWW 1
Basic operation
The product routes all high-level processes through the formatter, which stores font information,
processes the print image, and communicates with the host computer.
The basic product operation comprises the following systems:
The engine-control system, which includes the power supply and the DC controller printed circuit
●
assembly (PCA)
The laser/scanner system, which forms the latent image on the photosensitive drum
●
The image-formation system, which transfers a toner image onto the paper
●
The paper feed system, which uses a system of rollers and belts to transport the paper through the
●
product
Options (optional input devices)
●
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main product systems
Laser/scanner system
Engine control system
Image-formation system
Paper-feed system
Option
2 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Sequence of operation
The DC controller in the engine-control system controls the operational sequences of the product. The
following table describes durations and operations for each period of a print operation from the time
the product is turned on until the motor stops rotating.
Normal sequence of operation
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation (product base)
Name Timing Purpose
WAIT From the time the power switch is turned on, the door
is closed, or the product exits Sleep mode, until the
product is ready for a print operation.
STBY (standby) From the end of the WAIT or LSTR period until either
a print command is sent or the power switch is
turned off.
INTR (initial
rotation)
From the time the print command is received until the
product picks up a piece of paper.
Brings the product to printable condition:
Detects and heats the fuser
●
Detects the toner cartridge and any cartridge
●
changes
Detects the ITB, and moves the intermediate
●
transfer belt (ITB) and the developing unit to the
home position
Cleans residual toner from the ITB and the
●
secondary transfer roller
Maintains the product in printable condition:
Enters Sleep mode if the sleep command is
●
received
Performs a calibration if the calibration
●
command is received
Prepares for the print job
Activates the high-voltage power supply
●
Activates the laser/scanner
●
Opens the laser shutter
●
ENWW
Cleans the protective laser glass
●
Engages the print cartridges
●
Warms the fuser
●
Basic operation
3
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation (product base) (continued)
Name Timing Purpose
PRINT From the end of the INTR period until the last sheet
completes the fusing operation.
LSTR (last
rotation)
From the end of the PRINT period until the main
motor stops rotating.
Prints
Forms the image on the photosensitive drum
●
Transfers the toner image to the paper
●
Fuses the toner image to the paper
●
Moves the last printed sheet to the output bin
Stops the high-voltage power supply
●
Stops the laser/scanner
●
Closes the laser shutter
●
Cleans the protective laser glass
●
Disengages the print cartridges
●
Stops the fuser
●
The product enters the INTR period as the LSTR
period is completed, if the formatter sends another
print command.
4 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Formatter-control system
The formatter is responsible for the following procedures:
Controlling sleep mode
●
Receiving and processing print data from the various product interfaces
●
Monitoring control-panel functions and relaying product-status information (through the control
●
panel and the network or bidirectional interface)
Developing and coordinating data placement and timing with the DC controller PCA
●
Storing font information
●
Communicating with the host computer through the network or the bidirectional interface
●
The formatter receives a print job from the network or bidirectional interface and separates it into
image information and instructions that control the printing process. The DC controller PCA
synchronizes the image-formation system with the paper input and output systems, and then signals the
formatter to send the print-image data.
Sleep mode
NOTE: In the General Settings menu (a submenu of the Administration menu), this item is termed
Sleep Timer Settings.
This feature conserves power after the product has been idle for an adjustable period of time. When
the product is in Sleep Mode, the control-panel backlight is turned off, but the product retains all
settings, downloaded fonts, and macros. The default setting is for Sleep Mode to be enabled, and the
product enters Sleep Mode after a 30-minute idle time.
The product exits Sleep Mode and enters the warm-up cycle when any of the following events occur:
A print job, valid data, or a PML or PJL command is received
●
A control-panel button is pressed
●
A cover is opened
●
A paper tray is opened
●
The engine-test switch is pressed
●
NOTE: Product error messages override the Sleep message. The product enters Sleep Mode at the
appropriate time, but the error message continues to appear.
TIP: When the product is in Sleep Mode, the sub power supply is off and the low-voltage power
supply is on. The scanner can not be used when the product is in Sleep Mode.
ENWW
Formatter-control system
5
Input/output
The product has three I/O interfaces:
Hi-Speed USB 2.0
●
10/100/1000 Ethernet LAN connection with IPv4 and IPv6
●
Easy-access USB printing (no computer required)
●
CPU
The formatter incorporates an 800 MHz processor.
Memory
The random access memory (RAM) on the formatter printed circuit assembly (PCA) contains the page,
I/O buffers, and the font storage area. It stores printing and font information received from the host
system, and can also serve to temporarily store a full page of print-image data before the data is sent to
the print engine.
NOTE: If the product encounters a problem when managing available memory, a clearable warning
message displays on the control-panel display.
Firmware
The firmware is contained in the hard disk drive (HDD). A remote firmware upgrade process is used to
overwrite and upgrade the firmware on the HDD.
Nonvolatile memory
The product uses nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) to store device and user configuration
settings. The contents of NVRAM are retained when the product is turned off or disconnected.
PJL overview
The printer job language (PJL) is an integral part of configuration, in addition to the standard printer
command language (PCL). With standard cabling, the product can use PJL to perform a variety of
functions.
Two-way communication with the host computer through a network connection or a USB
●
connection. The product can inform the host about the control-panel settings which can be
changed from the host.
Dynamic I/O switching. The product uses this switching to be configured with a host on each I/O.
●
The product can receive data from more than one I/O simultaneously, until the I/O buffer is full.
This can occur even when the product is offline.
6 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Context-sensitive switching. The product can automatically recognize the personality (PS or PCL) of
●
each job and configure itself to serve that personality.
Isolation of print environment settings from one print job to the next. For example, if a print job is
●
sent to the product in landscape mode, the subsequent print jobs print in landscape mode only if
they are formatted for landscape printing.
PML
The printer management language (PML) allows remote configuration and status read-back through the
I/O ports.
Control panel
The control panel is an 8 inch full color SVGA (800 x 600 LCD) with capacitive touchscreen and
adjustable viewing angle. The control panel includes an easy-access USB port for walk-up printing and
a hardware integration pocket for third-party USB devices such as card readers.
The control panel has a diagnostic mode to allow testing of the touchscreen, Home button, and
Speaker. The control panel does not require calibration.
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Formatter-control system
7
Engine-control system
The engine-control system coordinates all product functions according to commands that the formatter
sends. The engine-control system drives the laser/scanner system, the image formation system, and the
pickup/feed/delivery system.
DC controller
●
High-voltage power supply
●
Low-voltage power supply
●
Figure 1-2 Engine-control system
Formatter
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
LASER SCANNER SYSTEM
DC controller
IMAGE-FORMATION SYSTEM
Low-voltage power supply
PAPER FEED SYSTEM
High-voltage power supply
OPTION
8 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
DC controller
The DC controller controls the operational sequence of the printer.
Figure 1-3 DC controller block diagram
ITB ass’y
T2 roller
AC input
Power
supply fan
Switch
Staple stacker
Transfer 1
High-voltage
power supply
Transfer 2
High-voltage
power supply
Fuser
Low-voltage
power supply
Sub power
supply
DC controller
Developing
High-voltage
power supply
Cartridge
Motor
Fuser fan
Solenoid
Switch
Photointerrupter
LED
Sensor
(x 4)
Sub power
supply fan
ICB
Formatter
Image scanner
Formatter fan
Laser scanner ass’y
Table 1-2 Electrical components
Component type Abbreviation Name
Solenoid SL1 Tray 2 cassette pickup solenoid
SL2 Tray 1 (MP Tray) pickup solenoid
SL3 Duplex reverse solenoid
SL5 Primary transfer (T1) disengagement solenoid
Accessory
Cartridge fan
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Engine-control system
9
Table 1-2 Electrical components (continued)
Component type Abbreviation Name
Switch SW1 Power switch
SW2 24V interlock switch
SW3 5V interlock switch 1
SW4 5V interlock switch 2
SW5 Primary transfer (T1) disengagement switch
SW6 Toner collection unit switch
SW7 Tray 2 cassette media end switch
SW8 Tray 2 cassette media width switch
Fan FM1 Power supply fan
FM2 Fuser fan
FM3 Formatter fan
FM4 Cartridge fan
FM5 Sup power supply fan
Photointerrupter (sensor) PS1 Tray 2 cassette paper out sensor
PS2 Tray 1 (MP Tray) paper out sensor
PS3 Last-paper sensor
PS4 Tray 2 cassette paper-stack surface sensor
PS5 Top-of-page (TOP) sensor
PS6 Fuser delivery sensor
PS7 Loop sensor 1
PS8 Loop sensor 2
PS9 Fuser pressure-release sensor
PS10 Face-down output bin paper full sensor
PS11 Developing disengagement sensor
PS12 K drum home-position sensor
PS13 Y/M/C drum home-position sensor
PS14 Front door sensor
PS15 Right door sensor
10 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Table 1-2 Electrical components (continued)
Component type Abbreviation Name
Motor M1 ITB Motor
M2 Drum motor
M3 Developing motor
M4 Fuser motor
M5 Pickup motor
M6 Developing disengagement motor
M7 Duplex reverse motor
M8 Duplex feed motor
M9 Tray 2 cassette lifter motor
M10 Scanner motor
LED Not applicable Front pre-exposure LED 1–4
Not applicable Rear pre-exposure LED 1–4
Motors
The product has ten motors for paper feed and image formation. The DC controller determines there is
a motor failure if a motor does not reach a specified speed within a specified period after motor
startup, or if the rotational speed is outside a specified range for a specified period.
Figure 1-4 Motors
Drum motor
Developer motor
Fuser motor
ITB motor
Developer
disengagement
motor
Scanner motor
Cassette lifter motor
Table 1-3 Motors
Description Components driven Failure
Duplex
reverse
motor
Duplex
feed
motor
Pickup motor
detection
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ITB motor (M1) ITB
Black photosensitive drum
Black developing roller
Yes
Engine-control system
11
Table 1-3 Motors (continued)
Description Components driven Failure
detection
Drum motor (M2) Yellow, magenta, and cyan photosensitive drums Yes
Developing motor (M3) Yellow, magenta, and cyan developing rollers Yes
Fuser motor (M4) Fuser pressure and delivery rollers
Pressurizes and depressurizes the pressure roller
Engages and disengages the primary transfer roller
Pickup motor (M5) Tray 1 (MP Tray) pickup roller
Tray 2 pickup roller
Tray 2 feed roller
Developing
disengagement motor
(M6)
Duplex reverse motor
(M7)
Duplex feed motor (M8) Duplex feed roller No
Tray 2 cassette lifter
motor (M9)
Scanner motor (M10) Scanner mirror No
Engages and disengages the developing unit No
Duplex reverse roller No
Lifter for the Tray 2 cassette No
Yes
No
12 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Fans
The product uses five fans to maintain the correct internal temperature. The DC controller determines a
fan failure when a fan locks for a specified period after it starts driving.
Figure 1-5 Fans
Sub power supply fan
Cartridge fan
Power supply fan
Formatter fan
Fuser fan
Table 1-4 Fans
Description Area cooled Type Speed
Power supply fan
(FM1)
Fuser (FM2) Duplex feed unit
Formatter (FM3) Formatter area Intake Controlled by
Cartridge fan (FM4) Cartridge area Intake Full/half
Sub power supply
fan (FM5)
Low-voltage power supply
Output bin
Delivery unit
Laser scanner unit
ITB area
Sub power supply area Exhaust Full
Intake Full/Half
Intake Full
the formatter
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Engine-control system
13
Fuser-control circuit
The fuser-control circuit monitors and controls the temperature in the fuser. The product uses on-demand
fusing. The fuser-control circuit consists of the following major components:
Fuser main heater (H1): Heats the center of the fuser sleeve
●
Fuser sub heater (H2): Heats the ends of the fuser sleeve
●
Thermistors; detect the fuser temperature (contact type)
●
Sleeve thermistor (TH1): Detects the temperature at the center of the fuser sleeve
◦
Main thermistor (TH2): Detects the temperature at the center of the fuser heater
◦
Sub thermistor 1 (TH3): Detects the temperature at the end of the fuser heater nearest the front
◦
of the product
Sub thermistor 2 (TH4): Detects the temperature at the end of the fuser heater nearest the rear
◦
of the product
Thermal fuse (FU1): Prevents abnormal temperature rise in the fuser heater (non-contact type)
●
Figure 1-6 Fuser-control circuit
TH3
Pressure roller
Front of engine
H2
TH4
Fuser sleeve
H1
TH2
FU1
TH1
FUSER TEMPERATURE signal
FUSER HEATER
CONTROL signal
Low-voltage power supply
Fuser heater
control circuit
DC controller
Fuser heater
safety circuit
14 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Fuser temperature control
The fuser temperature control maintains the fuser heater at its targeted temperature.
The fuser main heater and sub heater control the temperature of the fuser sleeve.
The DC controller monitors the main thermistor and the sleeve thermistor. The DC controller controls the
FUSER MAIN HEATER CONTROL (FSRD1) and the FUSER SUB-HEATER CONTROL (FSRD2) signals
according to the detected temperature. The fuser-heater control circuit controls the fuser heater
depending on the signal so that the heater remains at the targeted temperature.
Figure 1-7 Fuser-heater control circuit
AC input
Low-voltage power supply
Noise filter
Fuser heater
control circuit
Zerocross
circuit
Improper fuser installation prevention circuit
H2
TH3 TH4
RL102
FU102
RL103
Fuser
Fuser presence circuit
Fuser sleeve
H1
TH2
TH1
FU1
RLD1
RLD2
FSRD1
FSRD2
ZEROX
FUSEROPEN
FUHL
THERM4
THERM2
THERM1
THERM3
DC controller
Fuser heater
safety circuit
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Engine-control system
15
Fuser protective function
The fuser protective function detects an abnormal temperature rise of the fuser unit and interrupts power
supply to the fuser heater.
The following four protective components prevent an abnormal temperature rise of the fuser heater:
DC controller
●
The DC controller interrupts power supply to the fuser heater when it detects an abnormal
◦
temperature of the fuser heater.
Fuser-heater safety circuit
●
The fuser heater safety circuit interrupts power supply to the fuser heater when the detected
◦
temperature of the main and sub thermistors is abnormal.
Thermal fuse
●
The thermal fuse is broken to interrupt power supply to the fuser heater when the
◦
thermoswitch detects an abnormal temperature of the fuser heater.
Current detection
●
The current detection circuit detects the current value flowing in the fuser heater control
◦
circuit. The DC controller deactivates the FUSER HEATER CONTROL signal and releases the
relay to interrupt power supply to the fuser heater when it detects a specified current value or
higher by the CURRENT DETECTION (FUR_CURRMS) signal.
16 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Fuser failure detection
The DC controller determines a fuser unit failure, deactivates the FUSER HEATER CONTROL signal,
releases the relay to interrupt power supply to the fuser heater, and then notifies the formatter of a
failure state when it encounters the following conditions:
Abnormal temperature rise: The sleeve thermistor does not rise to a specified temperature
●
within a specified period after the fuser heater control starts.
Abnormally low temperature: The thermistors are at a specified temperature or lower during
●
a print operation or other fuser heating cycle.
Abnormally high temperature: The thermistors are at a specified temperature or higher,
●
regardless of the fuser control status.
Drive circuit abnormality: The frequency in the zerocross circuit is out of a specified range
●
when the product is turned on or is in the standby period. Or, if the current value in the fuser
heater control circuit is out of a specified range.
Fuser installation protection
The DC controller detects if the correct fuser for this product is installed by monitoring the FUSER
IMPROPER INSTALLATION (FUHL) signal during the product initial rotation (INTR) period (see
of operation on page 3) after one of the two following conditions:
Sequence
The product power is turned on.
●
The right door is closed.
●
The DC Controller notifies the formatter if it determines an incorrect fuser is installed.
Fuser presence detection
The DC controller detects if the fuser is installed by monitoring the FUSER PRESENCE (FUSEROPEN)
signal during the product initial rotation (INTR) period (see
of the two following conditions:
The product power is turned on.
●
The right door is closed.
●
The DC Controller notifies the formatter if it detects that a fuser is not installed.
Fuser life detection
The DC controller detects the useful life of the fuser for the following conditions:
The DC controller notifies the formatter if it determines the fuser is near the end of its useful life
●
based on a specified number of pages printed or a specified time period passes.
Sequence of operation on page 3) after one
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The formatter notifies the DC Controller when a replacement fuser is installed.
●
Engine-control system
17
Low-voltage power supply
The low-voltage power supply (LVPS) converts ac input voltage to dc voltage.
Figure 1-8 Low-voltage power supply
Low-voltage power supply
Power switch
SW1
Formatter
FU101
FU102
RL102
RL103
Noise filter
Fuser heater
control circui t
Fuser
Noise filter
Rectifying circuit
RL101
RLD1
RLD2
REMOTEON
Zerocross
detection circuit
ZEROX
generation circuit
+12V
generation circuit
Protection circuit
+24V
generation circuit
+3.3V
Power outage
recover circuit
generation circuit
+24V
Remote switch
control circuit
+3.3V
generation circuit
+5V
+24R
+3.3V
+5V
+12V
+3.3V
AUTO_ON
PWRON
SWON/OFF
DC controller
SW2
+24V
interlock switch
+24R
SW4
SW3
+5V
interlock switch
+5R
The product uses four dc voltages: 24V, 12V, 5V, and 3.3V. The voltages are subdivided as follows:
+24V Supplied constantly
Stopped during Sleep mode
+24R Interrupted when the front or right door is opened
+5V Supplied constantly
Stopped during Sleep mode
18 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
+5R Interrupted when the front or right door is opened
+3.3V Supplied constantly
+12V Supplied constantly
Power-outage recovery circuit
The product features a power-outage recovery circuit that helps the product recover after an unexpected
power outage.
The power-outage recovery circuit applies +3.3V to the DC controller when the product is in the on
condition, but records a power-outage condition if ac power is unexpectedly lost. The DC controller
confirms whether the last time the product power was turned off was a normal power off event or was
because of a power outage. The DC controller then determines if it should turn off the power or start a
power on operation when power is restored.
Sleep mode operation
When the product is in Sleep Mode, the sub power supply is off and the low-voltage power supply is
on. The scanner can not be used when the product is in Sleep Mode.
Automatic damp paper detection
The product automatically detects damp paper. This helps to avoid jams caused by curling damp
paper.
The DC controller detects damp paper by measuring the resistance value of the transfer roller during a
transfer operation. Also, the DC controller records the damp condition of paper loaded in the input
devices.
The DC controller optimizes the fuser temperature control and prevents an occurrence of paper curl
when the damp paper is fed through the product.
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Engine-control system
19
Overcurrent/overvoltage protection
The low-voltage power supply (LVPS) has a protective circuit against overcurrent and overvoltage to
prevent failures in the power supply circuit. The low-voltage power supply automatically stops supplying
the dc voltage whenever excessive current flows or voltage abnormally increases.
If the dc voltage is not being supplied from the LVPS, the protective function might be running. In this
case, turn off the power switch and unplug the power cable. Do not turn the power switch on until the
root cause is found.
For safety, the product interrupts the power supply of +24R and +5R. The interlock switch is turned off
and +24R and +5R are stopped whenever the front or right door is opened.
Interrupting +24R stops power supply to:
High-voltage power supplies
●
Image (developing) high-voltage power supply (HVPS)
◦
First-transfer high-voltage power supply
◦
Second-transfer high-voltage power supply
◦
Motors
●
Intermediate transfer belt (ITB) motor M1
◦
Drum motor M2
◦
Developing motor M3
◦
Fuser motor M4
◦
Duplex reverse and duplex feed motors
◦
Interrupting +5R stops power supply to:
Laser scanner assembly
●
WARNING! The product power switch only interrupts dc voltage from the LVPS. The ac voltage is
present in the product when the power cord is plugged into a power receptacle and the power switch
is in the off position. You must unplug the product power cord before servicing the product.
WARNING! If you believe the overcurrent or overvoltage protection circuits have been activated, do
not connect the product power cord or turn on the product power until the cause of the failure is found
and corrected.
In addition, fuses in the LVPS protect against overcurrent. If overcurrent flows into the ac line, the fuses
melt and cut off the power distribution.
20 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
High-voltage power supply
The DC controller controls the high-voltage power supply to generate biases.
Figure 1-9 High-voltage power supply
TR1 high-voltage power supply
Primary transfer bias circuit
TRI-1
PRI-1
DEV-4
DEV-2
DEV-3
DEV-1
Developing bias circuit
TRI-2
PRI-2
PRI-4
Primary charging bias circuit
PRI-3
TRI-3
TRI-4
FG
Secondary transfer bias circuit
TRS2
ENWW
DEV high-voltage power supply
DC controller
TR2 high-voltage power supply
The high-voltage power supply (HVPS) applies biases to the following components:
Primary charging roller: The primary charging bias is applied to the surface of the photosensitive
●
drum to charge it uniformly negative as a preparation for the image formation.
Developing roller: The developing bias is used to adhere toner to an electrostatic latent image
●
formed on the photosensitive drum.
Engine-control system
21
Primary transfer roller: The primary transfer bias is used to transfer the toner from each
●
photosensitive drum onto the ITB.
Secondary transfer roller: The secondary transfer bias is used to transfer the toner image from the
●
ITB onto the paper. The reversed bias is applied to transfer residual toner on the secondary
transfer roller back to the ITB. The residual toner on the ITB is deposited in the toner collection unit.
22 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Laser/scanner system
The laser/scanner system forms latent images on the photosensitive drums according to the VIDEO
signals sent from the formatter.
The main components of the laser/scanner are the laser unit and the scanner motor unit. The DC
controller sends signals to the laser/scanner to control the functions of these components.
Figure 1-10 Laser/scanner system
Photosensitive drum
Scanner motor unit
Connecting board
SCANNER MOTOR CONTROL signal
VIDEO signal
LASER CONTROL signal
BDI signal
Laser unit (C/Bk)
Laser unit (Y/M)
Scanner mirror
DC controller
Formatter
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Laser/scanner system
23
Laser failure detection
The DC controller determines an optical unit failure and notifies the formatter if the laser/scanner
encounters the following conditions:
The scanner motor does not reach a specified rotation frequency within a specified period of the
●
scanner motor start up.
If the beam detect (BD) interval is not detected during a print operation, the DC controller reports a
●
BD error. If the BD interval does not recover within a specified period after the BD error occurs, the
DC controller reports a scanner motor abnormal rotation error.
24 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Image-formation system
Electrophotographic process
The electrophotographic process forms an image on the paper. Following are the major components
used in the process:
Print cartridges
●
Intermediate transfer belt (ITB)
●
Secondary transfer roller
●
Fuser
●
Laser scanner
●
The DC controller uses the laser scanner and HVPS to form the toner image on the photosensitive drum.
The image is transferred to the print media and then fused onto the paper.
Figure 1-11 Electrophotographic process block diagram
TR1 high-voltage
power supply
Cartridge
Laser scanner
ITB
DEV high-voltage
power supply
Fuser
Secondary transfer
roller
TR2 high-voltage
power supply
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DC controller
Image-formation system
25
Figure 1-12 Electrophotographic process drive system
Drum motor
M2
Developing roller
Developing roller
Developing roller
Fuser motor
M4
Developing roller
Developing motor
M3
M1
ITB motor
26 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Image formation process
Each of the following processes functions independently and must be coordinated with the other
product processes. Image formation consists of the following processes:
Latent-image formation block Step 1: pre-exposure
Step 2: primary charging
Step 3: laser-beam exposure
Developing block Step 4: developing
Transfer block Step 5: primary transfer
Step 6: secondary transfer
Step 7: separation
Fusing block Step 8: fusing
ITB cleaning block Step 9: ITB cleaning
Drum cleaning block Step 10: Drum cleaning
Figure 1-13 Image formation process
: Media path
: Direction of drum rotation
: Block
Delivery
ITB cleaning
9. ITB cleaning
: Step
4. Developing
Developing
5. Primary transfer
10. Drum cleaning
1. Pre-exposure
2. Primary charging
3. Laser beam exposure
Latent image formation
8. Fuser
Fuser
Transfer
7. Separation
6. Secondary transfer
Drum cleaning
Registration
Pickup
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Image-formation system
27
Latent-image formation block
During the latent-image formation stage, the laser/scanner forms invisible images on the photosensitive
drums in the print cartridges.
Pre-exposure
Step 1: Light from the pre-exposure LED strikes the photosensitive drum surface. This eliminates the
residual electrical charges on the drum surface.
Figure 1-14 Pre-exposure
LED
Photosensitive drum
Primary charging
Step 2: The dc and ac biases are applied to the primary charging roller, which transfers a uniform
negative potential to the photosensitive drum.
Figure 1-15 Primary charging
Primary charging roller
Primary charging bias
Photosensitive drum
28 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Laser beam exposure
Step 3: The laser beam scans the photosensitive drum to neutralize negative charges on parts of the
drum surface. An electrostatic latent image is formed on the drum where negative charges were
neutralized.
Figure 1-16 Laser beam exposure
Laser beam
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Image-formation system
29
Developing block
Step 4: In the print cartridge, toner acquires a negative charge from the friction that occurs when the
developing roller rotates against the developing blade. The developing bias is applied to the
developing roller to create a difference in the electric potential of the drum. When the negatively
charged toner comes in contact with the photosensitive drum, it adheres to the latent image because the
drum surface has a higher potential.
Figure 1-17 Developing
Developing blade
Developing roller
Developing bias
Photosensitive drum
30 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Transfer block
Primary transfer
Step 5: The toner on the photosensitive drum is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt (ITB). The
ITB is given a positive charge by the bias of the primary transfer roller. The negatively charged toner on
the drum surface is transferred onto the ITB. All four color planes are transferred onto the ITB in this
step.
Figure 1-18 Primary transfer
Primary transfer roller
ITB
Primary transfer bias
Photosensitive
drum
Secondary transfer
Step 6: The toner image on the ITB is transferred to the paper. The secondary transfer bias is applied
to the secondary transfer roller to charge the paper positive. As the paper passes between the
secondary transfer roller and the ITB, the complete toner image on the ITB is transferred onto the paper.
Figure 1-19 Secondary transfer
Secondary transfer roller
Secondary transfer
opposed roller
ITB
Paper
Secondary transfer bias
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Image-formation system
31
Separation
Step 7: The elasticity of the paper and the curvature of the secondary transfer opposed roller cause the
paper to separate from the ITB. The static charge eliminator reduces backside static charge of the
paper and controls excess discharge after the transfer process for stable media feed and image quality.
Figure 1-20 Separation
Static charge eliminator
Secondary transfer
opposed roller
ITB
Paper
Secondary transfer roller
Fusing block
Step 8: The product uses an on-demand fuser. The toner image is permanently affixed to the printing
paper by heat and pressure.
Figure 1-21 Fusing
Fuser sleeve
Fuser heater
Toner
Paper
Pressure roller
32 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
ITB cleaning block
Step 9: The cleaning blade scrapes the residual toner off the surface of the ITB. The residual toner feed
screw deposits residual toner in the toner collection unit.
Figure 1-22 ITB cleaning
Residual toner feed screw
Drum cleaning block
Step 10: The cleaning blade scrapes the residual toner off the surface of the photosensitive drum, and
toner is deposited in the waste section inside the print cartridge.
Figure 1-23 Drum cleaning
Cleaning blade
ITB
Cleaning blade
Toner waste
Photosensitive
drum
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Image-formation system
33
Toner cartridges
The product has four toner cartridges, one for each color: yellow, magenta, cyan, and black. Each of
them has the same structure. The cartridges are filled with toner and consist of the following
components:
Photosensitive drum
●
Developing unit
●
Primary charging roller
●
The DC controller rotates the motors to drive the photosensitive drum, developing unit, and primary
charging roller.
Figure 1-24 Print cartridge block diagram
DC controller
PS13:
YMC drum home
position sensor
Memory tag
Developing
M6
disengagement
motor
Photosensitive drum
Primary charging roller
Developing unit
PS11:
Developing disengagement
sensor
M2
Drum motor
M3
Developing motor
34 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Memory tag
The memory tag is a non-volatile memory chip in the cartridge that stores information about usage for
the cartridge. The product reads and writes the data in the memory tag. The DC controller determines a
memory tag error and notifies the formatter when it fails to either read from or write to the memory tag.
Cartridge presence detection
The DC controller detects the presence of the cartridges by monitoring the cartridge memory tagand
ground circuit. When the DC controller determines a cartridge absence, it notifies the formatter.
Toner level detection
The DC controller detects the remaining toner level in a cartridge by the optical detection method. The
DC controller notifies the formatter of the remaining toner level.
Cartridge life detection
The DC controller detects the cartridge life by monitoring the total operational wear limit or remaining
toner level of the cartridge. The DC controller determines a cartridge end of life and notifies the
formatter when the operational wear limit of the cartridge reaches a specified amount or the cartridge
runs out of toner.
Developing unit engagement and disengagement control
The developing unit engagement and disengagement control engages the developing unit with the
photosensitive drum or disengages the developing unit from the drum depending on the print mode: fullcolor mode or black-only mode. The developing unit is engaged only when required, preventing a
deterioration of the drums and maximizing their life.
The developing disengagement motor rotates the developing disengagement cam. As the cam rotates,
the developing unit engages with or separates from the photosensitive drum.
When the product is turned on and when each print job is completed, all four of the developing units
disengage from the photosensitive drums. When the print mode is in full-color mode, all of the
developing units engage with the drums. When the print mode is in black-only mode, only the black
developing unit engages with the drum.
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Image-formation system
35
The DC controller determines a developing disengagement motor abnormality and notifies the formatter
when it does not detect a specified signal from the developing disengagement sensor during the
developing roller engagement and disengagement operation.
Figure 1-25 Developing unit engagement and disengagement control
Developing unit is disengaged
Photosensitive drum
Developing unit
PS11:
Developing
disengagement
sensor
Developing disengagement cam
Developing unit is engaged
Developing disengagement motor
M6
DC controller
36 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
ITB unit
The ITB unit receives the toner image from the photosensitive drums and transfers the complete toner
image to the print media. The ITB unit consists of the following components:
●
●
●
●
The ITB motor drives the ITB drive roller which rotates the ITB. The rotation of the ITB causes the primary
transfer rollers to rotate. The ITB cleaner cleans the ITB surface.
Figure 1-26 ITB unit block diagram
ITB
ITB drive roller
Primary transfer rollers
ITB cleaner
DC controller
ITB
ITB cleaner
Primary transfer roller
ITB drive roller
M1
ITB motor
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Image-formation system
37
Primary transfer roller engagement and disengagement control
Figure 1-27 Primary transfer roller engagement and disengagement control
DC controller
M4
Fuser motor
<All colors are disengaged>
YMC slide plate
<All colors are engaged>
Primary transfer
disengagement solenoid
ITB
Primary transfer roller
SL5
SW5
Bk slide plate
Primary transfer
disengagement switch
Primary transfer
disengagement cam
<Only black is engaged>
Photosensitive drum
38 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
The primary transfer roller engagement and disengagement control engages the ITB with the
photosensitive drum, or disengages the ITB from the drum, depending on the requirements of the print
job.
All rollers disengaged: The ITB disengages from all four photosensitive drums. This is the state
●
during a standby period, and is also the home position for the primary transfer rollers.
All rollers engaged: The ITB engages with all four photosensitive drums. This is the state for full-
●
color jobs.
Only black roller engaged: The ITB engages with only the black photosensitive drum. This is
●
the state for the black-only print jobs.
The operational sequence of the primary transfer roller engagement and disengagement control is as
follows:
1. The fuser motor drives the primary transfer disengagement solenoid to rotate the primary transfer
disengagement cam.
2. As the cam rotates, the YMC slide plate or the Bk slide plate moves right or left. This causes the
primary transfer roller to move up or down.
3. The ITB engages with or disengages from the photosensitive drum depending on the movement of
the primary transfer rollers.
The DC controller determines that an abnormal primary transfer roller disengagement error has
occurred and notifies the formatter. This error happens when the DC controller does not detect a
specified signal from the primary transfer disengagement switch, even though the primary transfer
disengagement solenoid is driven.
ITB unit presence detection
The DC controller detects the ITB unit presence by monitoring the primary transfer disengagement
switch. The DC controller drives the primary transfer disengagement solenoid for specified times during
the initial rotation period of the following:
The product is turned on.
●
The product exits Sleep Mode.
●
The door is closed.
●
The DC controller determines an ITB unit absence and notifies the formatter when it does not detect a
specified signal from the primary transfer disengagement switch.
ITB life detection
The DC controller detects if the ITB assembly is near the end of its useful life.
ENWW
The DC controller detects a new ITB assembly when the formatter notifies the DC controller that the
assembly was replaced.
Image-formation system
39
The DC controller notifies the formatter when an ITB assembly is near its end-of-life. ITB end-of-life is
determined when the DC controller detects a specified number of pages have been printed, or the ITB
has been used for a specified time period, after the ITB assembly was replaced.
ITB cleaning mechanism
The cleaning blade in the ITB cleaner scrapes the residual toner off the ITB surface. The ITB motor drives
the residual toner feed screw, and the screw deposits the residual toner in the toner collection unit.
The DC controller detects whether the toner collection unit is full by monitoring the ITB residual toner full
sensor. When the DC controller determines the toner collection unit is full, it notifies the formatter. The
DC controller also detects the presence of the toner collection unit by monitoring the toner collection unit
switch.
Figure 1-28 ITB cleaning mechanism
DC controller
SW6
Toner collection unit switch
ITB residual toner full sensor
Toner collection unit
ITB
Cleaning blade
ITB cleaner
Residual toner feed screw
M1
ITB motor
40 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Calibration
The product calibrates itself to print a high-quality image. The calibration corrects a color-misregistration
and color-density variation caused by environment changes or variation inherent in the product. The
product performs the following calibrations:
Color-misregistration control
●
Environment change control
●
Image stabilization control
●
Color-misregistration control
The color-misregistration control corrects the misaligned color planes caused by the variation inherent in
the laser/scanner units or cartridges. The color-misregistration control corrects the following:
Horizontal scanning start position
●
Horizontal scanning magnification
●
Vertical scanning start position
●
Vertical scanning inclination
●
The DC controller forms a pattern of toner on the surface of the ITB, and measures a misaligned length
with the registration density sensor and the registration density belt-perimeter sensor. Accordingly, the
formatter calibrates the misaligned color.
Figure 1-29 Color-misregistration control
Regisration density sensor
Registration density
belt-perimeter sensor
ITB
Pattern of toner
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Image-formation system
41
The DC controller commands the formatter to perform the color-misregistration control whenever one of
the following occurs:
The product is turned on or the door is closed, after replacing any one of the cartridges.
●
The product is turned on or the door is closed, after replacing the ITB unit or the laser/scanner
●
unit.
A specified number of pages have been printed.
●
Continuous printing for a specified period of time.
●
Cold starting of the fuser when the product is turned on.
●
Color misregistration by the environmental change is out of a specified length.
●
If data from the registration density or registration density belt-perimeter sensor is out of a specified
range during the cartridge-presence detection or when starting the color-misregistration control, the DC
controller determines an abnormal sensor and notifies the formatter.
Environment change control
The environment change control calibrates each high-voltage bias to obtain an appropriate image
according to the environmental changes. The DC controller determines the environment where the
product is installed based on the surrounding temperature and humidity data from the environment
sensor. It adjusts the high-voltage biases to accommodate environmental changes.
The DC controller determines an environment sensor abnormality and notifies the formatter when it
detects out-of-specified-range-data from the environment sensor.
Image stabilization control
The image stabilization control reduces the fluctuations in image density caused by environmental
changes or deterioration of the photosensitive drums or toner. The two kinds of image stabilization
controls are image density control (DMAX) and image halftone control (DHALF).
Image density control (DMAX)
The image density control calibrates each high-voltage bias to stabilize the image density variation
caused by the deterioration of the photosensitive drum or toner. The DC controller commands the
formatter to control the image density under the following conditions:
The detected temperature of the fuser is a specified degree or lower when the product is turned
●
on.
The product is turned on, the door is closed, or a specified number of pages have been printed
●
after replacing any one of the cartridges.
The product is turned on or the door is closed, after replacing the ITB unit or the laser/scanner
●
unit.
A specified number of pages have been printed.
●
42 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
After a specified period of time from the previous image density control.
●
The environment is changed for a specified condition after the previous image density control.
●
Image halftone control (DHALF)
The image halftone control is performed by the formatter to calibrate the halftone. The DC controller
measures the halftone pattern according to a command from the formatter. Accordingly, the formatter
calibrates the halftone. The DC controller controls the image halftone under the following conditions:
The image density control is completed.
●
The formatter sends a command.
●
The DC controller determines an abnormal sensor and notifies the formatter if it detects an out of
specified range data from the registration density sensor or the registration density belt-perimeter sensor
under the following conditions:
Cartridge presence detection
●
Starting the DMAX/DHALF control
●
ENWW
Image-formation system
43
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
The pickup/feed/delivery system consists of several types of feed rollers and sensors. A duplexing
mechanism reverses and refeeds the print media which allows the product to print two sides
automatically.
Figure 1-30 Pickup, feed, and delivery system
Duplex flapper
Duplex reverse roller
Fuser sleeve
Pressure roller
Duplex feed roller
T2 roller
Tray 1 (MP Tray)
pickup roller
Tray 1 (MP Tray)
separation pad
Simplex paper path
Duplex paper p ath
Cassette pickup roller
Cassette separation roller
The pickup/feed/delivery system can be divided into the following three blocks:
Pickup-and-feed block: From each input source to the fuser inlet
●
Fuser-and-delivery block: From the fuser to the output bin
●
Duplex block: From the duplex reverse unit to the duplex re-pickup unit
●
44 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Figure 1-31 Pickup, feed, and delivery system blocks
Photo sensors
Figure 1-32 Photo sensors (paper path)
Fuser-and-delivery block
Duplex block
Pickup-and-feed block
PS10
PS6
PS7
PS8
PS5
MS
PS1
PS4
PS3
PS2
Table 1-5 Photo sensors and switches (product)
Item Description Item Description
PS1 Tray 2 cassette paper-out sensor PS6 Fuser delivery sensor
PS2 Tray 1 (MP tray) paper-out sensor PS7 Loop sensor 1
PS3 Last-paper sensor PS8 Loop sensor 2
PS4 Tray 2 cassette paper-stack surface sensor PS10 Face-down output bin paper full sensor
PS5 Top-of-Page (TOP) sensor MS Media sensor
ENWW
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
45
Motors and solenoids
Figure 1-33 Motors and solenoids (paper path)
M4
M9
M7
SL1
SL3
M8
M1
SL2
M5
Table 1-6 Motors and solenoids (paper path)
Item Description Item Description
M1 ITB motor M9 Tray 2 cassette lifter motor
M4 Fuser motor SL1 Tray 2 cassette pickup solenoid
M5 Pickup motor SL2 Tray 1 (MP tray) pickup solenoid
M7 Duplex reverse motor SL3 Duplex reverse solenoid
M8 Duplex feed motor
46 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Pickup and feed block
The pickup-and-feed block picks one sheet of paper from the Tray 2 cassette or from Tray 1 (MP tray)
and feeds it into the fuser.
Figure 1-34 Pickup and feed block
Simplex paper path
Duplex paper path (duplex model)
Tray 2 cassette pickup
The operational sequence of the Tray 2 cassette pickup is as follows:
1. The product is turned on or the Tray 2 cassette is inserted.
2. The lift-up operation and the lifting plate spring move up the lifting plate to the position where the
paper can be picked up.
3. The DC controller rotates the pickup motor when it receives a print command from the formatter.
4. The Tray 2 cassette (CST) feed roller rotates.
5. The Tray 2 cassette (CST) pickup solenoid is driven at a specified timing.
6. The Tray 2 cassette (CST) pickup roller rotates and picks up the paper.
7. The Tray 2 cassette (CST) separation roller removes any multiple-fed sheets.
8. One sheet of paper is fed into the product.
NOTE: The lift-up operation pushes up the lifting plate to keep the stack surface of paper at the
pickup position.
Pickup-and-feed block
ENWW
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
47
Figure 1-35 Tray 2 cassette pickup operation
DC controller
Pickup motor
M5
CST pickup solenoid
SL1
CST pickup roller
CST feed roller
CST separation roller
Lifting plate spring
Lifter
Tray 2 cassette multiple-feed prevention
The product uses a separation roller method to prevent multiple sheets of print media from entering the
paper path. The Tray 2 cassette separation roller does not have its own driving force. Therefore the
Tray 2 cassette separation roller follows the rotation of the Tray 2 cassette pickup roller.
During normal feed, when the product picks up one piece of paper, the Tray 2 cassette separation
roller is driven by the Tray 2 cassette pickup roller through one sheet of paper. Thus the separation
roller rotates in the paper feed direction.
During multiple-feed, when the product picks up more than one piece of paper, the low friction force
between the sheets weakens the driving force from the Tray 2 cassette pickup roller. In addition, some
braking force is always applied to the Tray 2 cassette separation roller, so the weak rotational force of
48 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
the pickup roller is not enough to rotate the separation roller. Therefore, the separation roller holds
back any multiple-fed sheets, and one sheet of paper is fed into the product.
Figure 1-36 Tray 2 cassette multiple-feed prevention
CST Pickup roller
Print media
CST separation roller
Lifting plate
The separation roller does not rotate
<Normal-feed> <Multiple-feed>
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Pickup, feed, and delivery system
49
Tray 2 cassette media-size detection and Tray 2 cassette-presence detection
The DC controller detects the size of paper loaded in the Tray 2 cassette by using the Tray 2 cassettemedia-end switch and Tray 2 cassette-media-width switch.
The DC controller also detects the presence of the cassette by using the Tray 2 cassette-media-end
switch. The DC controller notifies the formatter if the Tray 2 cassette is absent.
Table 1-7 Tray 2 cassette media-size detection and Tray 2 cassette-presence detection (product
base)
Paper size Cassette-media-width switch Cassette-media-end switch
Top switch Center switch Bottom switch
A4 On On On See footnote Off Off
Letter On On Off Off Off
B5 On Off Off Off Off
Executive Off Off Off Off Off
A5-R Off On On Off Off
B5-R Off Off On Off Off
Letter-R On Off On Off Off
A4-R On Off On Off On
A3 On On On On On
11 X 17 On On Off On On
B4 On Off Off On On
Legal On Off On On On
1
The top Tray 2 cassette-media-end switch detects the presence of the Tray 2 cassette. It turns off when the Tray 2 cassette is
present and turns on when the Tray 2 cassette is absent.
Top switch
1
Center switch Bottom switch
50 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Tray 2 cassette lift-up operation
The cassette lift-up operation keeps the paper stack surface at the correct pickup position whenever the
following conditions occur:
Product power is turned on.
●
Tray 2 cassette is installed.
●
The following list describes the sequence of the Tray 2 cassette lift-up operation.
The Tray 2 cassette lifter motor rotates to move the lifter rack toward the Tray 2 cassette-media-
●
stack surface sensor.
As the lifter rack moves, the lifter moves up.
●
The Tray 2 cassette lifter motor stops when the Tray 2 cassette-media-stack surface sensor detects
●
the lifter rack.
ENWW
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
51
The DC controller determines a Tray 2 cassette lifter motor failure and notifies the formatter if the Tray 2
cassette-media-stack surface sensor does not detect the lifter rack within a specified period after the
Tray 2 cassette lifter motor starts rotating.
Figure 1-37 Tray 2 cassette lift-up operation
PS4:
Cassette media stack surface sensor
Cassette
3
1
Lifting plate
Lifter
2
Lifter rack
Cassette lifter motor
M9
DC controller
Lifter drive ass’y
52 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Cassette media-presence detection
The Tray 2 cassette-media-out sensor detects the presence of paper in the Tray 2 cassette.
The DC controller notifies the formatter when the Tray 2 cassette-media-out sensor detects the media is
absent.
Figure 1-38 Tray 2 cassette media-presence detection
DC controller
PS1
Cassette-media-width sensor
Tray 1 (MP tray) paper pickup
The operational sequence of the MP tray pickup is as follows:
1. The DC controller rotates the pickup motor when it receives a print command from the formatter.
2. As the MP tray pickup solenoid is driven, the MP tray pickup roller rotates and the lifting plate
moves up.
3. The MP tray pickup roller picks up the paper.
4. The MP tray separation pad removes any multiple-fed sheets and one sheet of paper is fed into the
product.
Cassette-media-end switch
ENWW
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
53
The MP tray media-out sensor detects the presence of print media on the MP tray.
Figure 1-39 Tray 1 (MP tray) paper pickup
DC controller
Pickup motor
MP tray pickup solenoid
MP tray pickup roller
M5
SL2
Tray 1 (MP tray) last-paper detection
PS2:
MP tray media-out sensor
Lifting plate
MP tray separation pad
To prevent toner contamination on the photosensitive drums and the ITB the product detects whether the
print media in Tray 1 (MP tray) is the last sheet during continuous printing.
The product attempts to form the next image before the DC controller detects a media absence because
the paper path between the Tray 1 (MP tray) media-out sensor and the registration roller is short. To
prevent the photosensitive drums and the ITB from being contaminated with toner, the last-paper sensor
detects the last paper. The Tray 1 (MP tray) last paper detection roller rotates when the last paper is
54 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
picked up. The DC controller notifies the formatter of a media absence when it detects the last paper by
the last-paper sensor.
Figure 1-40 Tray 1 (MP tray) last-paper detection
DC controller
Feed direction
Paper feed
After the paper pickup operation, the paper picked up from either the Tray 2 cassette or Tray 1 (MP
tray) is then fed to the fusing-and-delivery block.
1. The registration shutter corrects the skew-feeding of the paper that is picked up from the Tray 2
cassette or Tray 1 (MP tray).
2. When the Top-of-Page (TOP) sensor detects the leading edge of paper, the DC controller controls
the rotational speed of the pickup motor to align with the leading edge of the toner image on the
ITB.
3. The media sensor detects the type of print media.
4. The toner image on the ITB is transferred onto the paper, and the paper is fed to the fusing-and-
delivery block.
Last-paper
A
MP tray last-paper detection roller
Cross sectional view from A direction
PS3:
Last-paper sensor
ENWW
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
55
The DC controller notifies the formatter of a paper size mismatch error when the paper length detected
by the TOP sensor does not match the paper size specified by the formatter.
Figure 1-41 Paper feed
DC controller
TOP sensor
Registration shutter
Registration roller
ITB motor
PS5
M1
Pickup motor
M5
56 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Skew-feed prevention
The printer corrects the skew feed without decreasing the throughput.
1. The leading edge of paper strikes the registration shutter and aligns.
2. As the feed rollers keep pushing the paper, the paper gets warped against the registration shutter.
3. The stiffness of paper pushes up the registration shutter and the realigned paper passes through
straightened.
Figure 1-42 Skew-feed prevention
Registration shutter
Registration shutter
Paper
Paper
ENWW
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
57
Media detection
The product automatically selects an optimal print mode for a print-media by monitoring the media
sensors in the paper path.
Media detection sensor types
Reflected light type (detects the glossiness of paper)
●
Transmitted light type (detects the thickness of paper)
●
The DC controller detects the type of print-media by the reflected light and the transmitted light, and
switches the print modes accordingly. The DC controller identifies the following paper types:
Plain paper
●
Light paper
●
Heavy paper
●
Glossy paper
●
Glossy film
●
Overhead transparency (OHT)
●
The DC controller determines a media mismatch error and notifies the formatter under the following
conditions:
Simplex printing
●
The specified print mode is OHT, but the media sensor detects media other than an overhead
◦
transparency.
The specified print mode is something other than OHT, but the media sensor detects an
◦
overhead transparency.
Duplex printing
●
The specified print mode is for duplex-printable-print mode, but the media sensor detects an
◦
overhead transparency. For more information about duplex-printable mode, see
on page 63.
The DC controller flashes the media sensor during the initial rotation period under the following
conditions:
Product power is turned on.
●
The door is closed.
●
The DC controller determines a media sensor abnormality and notifies the formatter when the light
intensity is out of a specified range.
Duplex Block
58 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Feed-speed control
The product adjusts the feed speed to obtain the best print quality depending on the type of print
media. The product prints at the speed corresponding to the print mode specified by the formatter.
NOTE: For the paper types that the media sensor cannot detect, the product adjusts the feed speed
according to the print mode specified by the formatter.
Auto Sense mode Print mode Print
speed
Normal mode Normal 1/1 Yes
Light mode Light media 1 1/1 Yes
Heavy Mode Heavy media 1 2/3 Yes
Cardstock Mode Heavy media 3 1/3 No
Transparency Mode OHT 1/3 Yes
Transparency2 Mode OHT + higher fuser temp 1/3 Yes
Envelope Mode Envelope 2/3 No
Label Mode Label 1/3 No
Tough Mode Glossy film 1/3 Yes
Extra Heavy Mode Heavy media 2 1/3 Yes
Heavy Glossy Mode Glossy media 1 1/3 Yes
X-hvyglossymode Glossy media 2 1/3 Yes
Rough Mode Rough 2/3 No
Media
sensor
detection
ENWW
Card Glossy Mode Glossy media 3 1/3 Yes
4mm trns Mode OHT + lower fuser temp 1/3 Yes
Light Rough Mode Light media 1 + fuser temp adjustments 1/1 Yes
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
59
Fusing and delivery block
The fusing-and-delivery block fuses the toner image onto the print media and delivers the printed page
to the output bin.
Figure 1-43 Fusing and delivery block
Fusing-and-delivery block
Loop control
The product controls the loop (slackness) of print media to prevent print quality and media feed defects.
If the fuser sleeve rotates slower than the ITB, the paper loop increases and an image defect or
●
paper crease occurs.
If the fuser sleeve rotates faster than the ITB, the paper loop decreases and an image is stretched
●
because the toner image is not transferred to the paper correctly.
Two loop sensors located between the fuser sleeve and the ITB detect the paper loop. Accordingly the
DC controller controls the rotational speed of the fuser motor to keep the proper amount of paper loop.
Loop sensor 1: Detects the paper loop for heavy media.
●
Loop sensor 2: Detects the paper loop for plain media other than heavy media.
●
Table 1-8 Fuser loop sensors control
Loop sensor 1 Loop sensor 2 Fuser motor speed
OFF OFF Speed down
Simplex paper path
Duplex paper path (duplex model)
60 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Table 1-8 Fuser loop sensors control (continued)
Loop sensor 1 Loop sensor 2 Fuser motor speed
ON OFF Heavy paper: speed up
Other paper: speed down
ON ON Speed up
Pressure roller pressurization and depressurization control
The product releases the pressure roller from the fuser sleeve, except during printing, to prevent
deforming the fuser sleeve and the pressure roller and to facilitate the jam-clearing procedure.
1. The DC controller reverses the fuser motor to rotate the fuser pressure release cam.
2. The pressure roller is pressurized or depressurized depending on the position of the cam.
The DC controller determines a fuser pressure-release mechanism abnormality and notifies the formatter
when it does not sense the fuser pressure-release sensor for a specified period from when it reverses the
fuser motor.
Figure 1-44 Pressure roller pressurization and depressurization control
Fuser motor
M4
DC controller
PS9:
Fuser pressure release sensor
Fuser pressure release cam
Pressure roller
Fuser sleeve
ENWW
<Pressurized> <Depressurized>
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
61
The pressure roller is depressurized whenever the following occurs:
The product is turned off
●
The product enters Sleep Mode
●
A paper jam is detected
●
A fuser failure occurs
●
An absence of the toner collection unit (TCU) is detected
●
Output bin full detection
The output bin media-full sensor detects whether the output bin is full of printed pages. The DC
controller determines the output bin is full and notifies the formatter when it senses the output bin mediafull sensor is on for a specified period during standby or printing.
Figure 1-45 Output bin full detection
DC controller
Output bin media full sensor
Output bin media full sensor flag
PS10
62 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Duplex Block
The duplex block reverses and feeds the paper.
Figure 1-46 Duplex block
Duplex block
Simplex paper path
Duplex paper path
Duplex reverse and duplex feed control
The duplex reverse control reverses the paper after the first side is printed. The duplex feed control
feeds the paper to the duplex block to print the second side of the page.
The operational sequence of the duplex reverse and duplex feed control is as follows:
1. The DC controller rotates the duplex reverse motor and drives the duplex reverse solenoid at a
specified timing after the first side of page is printed.
2. The duplex flapper moves and the paper is fed by the duplex reverse roller.
3. The duplex reverse motor is reversed.
4. The duplex reverse roller is reversed accordingly, and the paper is switched back.
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Pickup, feed, and delivery system
63
5. The duplex feed motor rotates.
6. The duplex feed roller feeds the paper.
Figure 1-47 Duplex operation
DC controller
Duplex reverse motor
M7
Duplex reverse roller
SL3
Duplex reverse solenoid
Duplex feed roller
Duplex ass’y
M8
Duplex feed motor
Duplex flapper
Duplex operation
The product prints two sides of a page with the following operation (depending on the paper size).
One-sheet operation: Feeds one sheet of a two-sided page in a duplex print operation.
●
Two-sheet operation: Feeds two sheets of a two-sided page in a duplex print operation.
●
The duplex print operation is specified by the formatter.
The duplex print is performed only when using a duplex printable paper size and specified print mode.
Table 1-9 Paper sizes, duplex operation on page 65 and Table 1-10 Print modes, duplex
See
operation on page 65.
Duplex block
Simplex
Duplex paper path
paper path
64 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Table 1-9 Paper sizes, duplex operation
Paper size Duplexing media feed mode
A4-R One-sheet operation
A3
Letter-R
B4
B5-R
Ledger
Legal
A4 One-sheet operation
B5
Two-sheet operation
Letter
A5-R
Executive
Table 1-10 Print modes, duplex operation
Print mode
Duplex print
1
Print mode
Duplex print
AUTO Yes X-hvyglossy Yes
Normal Yes Card glossy No
Light Yes Rough Yes
Light rough Yes Transparency No
Heavy Yes 4mm transparency No
Extra heavy No Tough Yes
Cardstock No Label No
heavy glossy Yes Envelope No
1
This table shows whether the automatic duplex operation is available for each print mode, but it does not mean that the printquality of the automatic duplex print operation will be acceptable.
1
ENWW
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
65
Jam detection
The product uses the following sensors to detect the presence of print-media and to check whether the
print-media is being fed correctly or has jammed:
Top-of-Page (TOP) sensor (PS5)
●
Fuser delivery sensor (PS6)
●
Loop sensor 1 (PS7)
●
Loop sensor 2 (PS8)
●
Output bin media full sensor (PS10)
●
Figure 1-48 Sensors for jam detection
PS10
PS6
PS7
PS8
PS5
Simplex media path
Duplex media path
The product detects the following jams:
Pickup delay jam Tray 1 (MP tray): The TOP sensor does not detect the leading edge of paper within a
specified period, including a retry, after the MP tray pickup solenoid is turned on.
Tray 2 cassette: The TOP sensor does not detect the leading edge of paper within a
specified period, including a retry, after the Tray 2 cassette pickup solenoid is turned on.
Paper feeder: The TOP sensor does not detect the leading edge of paper within a specified
period after the paper-feeder (PF) feed sensor detects the leading edge.
Pickup stationary jam The TOP sensor does not detect the trailing edge of paper within a specified period after the
leading edge of paper reaches the secondary transfer roller unit.
Fuser delivery delay jam The fuser delivery sensor does not detect the leading edge of paper within a specified period
after the leading edge of paper reaches the secondary transfer roller unit.
66 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
Fuser delivery stationary jam The fuser delivery sensor does not detect the trailing edge of paper within a specified period
after the TOP sensor detects the trailing edge.
The output bin media full sensor does not detect the leading edge of paper within a specified
period after the fuser delivery sensor detects the leading edge.
Wrapping jam The fuser delivery sensor detects a paper absence yet it does not detect the trailing edge of
paper after it detects the leading edge.
Residual paper jam One of the following sensors detects a presence of paper when the printer is turned on or
when the door is closed.
TOP sensor
●
Fuser delivery sensor
●
Loop sensor 1
●
Loop sensor 2
●
NOTE: The product automatically clears all paper from the paper path if the TOP sensor
detects residual paper when the product is turned on or a door is closed.
Door open jam A door open is detected during a paper feed operation.
Duplex re-pickup jam The TOP sensor does not detect the leading edge of paper within a specified period after the
paper is reversed during a duplex print operation.
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Pickup, feed, and delivery system
67
Scanning/image capture system
Scanner
The scanner is a carriage-type platen scanner which includes the frame, glass, LED optics, and a
scanner controller board (SCB) attached to the back of the assembly. The scanner has two sensors to
detect legal and ledger/A3 sized media and a switch to indicate when the ADF is open.
The ADF and control-panel assembly are attached to the scanner assembly. If the scanner fails, it can
be replaced as a whole unit. The scanner replacement part does not include the document feeder, SCB,
or control-panel assembly.
Document feeder system
Simplex single pass
●
Duplex three pass
●
Length-short and length-long sensing flag
●
Pick and feed roller assembly with separation pad
●
Mechanical deskew
●
Step glass for ADF scanning
●
Jam clearance door with sensing
●
LED indication when original is placed on input tray
●
Sensors in the ADF
The ADF contains the following sensors:
ADF-cover sensor: Detects whether the ADF cover is open or closed.
●
Paper length sensors: Detects whether there is a letter/A4, legal, or ledger/A3 size original.
●
Pick success sensor: Detects the top of the page before sending a page through the ADF and
●
the end of the page after feeding/scanning is complete.
Paper-present sensor: Detects whether a document is present in the ADF. If paper is present in
●
the ADF when copies are made, the product scans the document using the ADF. If no paper is
present when copies are made, the product scans the document using the scanner glass.
Deskew sensor: Detects the top of the page as it enters the deskew rollers.
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Path sensor 1: Detects the top of the page as it approaches the ADF glass.
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68 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
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