Games PC POLICE QUEST 4 User Manual

dedicated to Chief Daryl F. Gates after 42 years of
services to the Department and the
City of Los
Angeles.
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VOLUME I - POLICY OBJECTIVES
110. Motto of the Department
120. Primary Objective
130. Functional Objectives
140. Resource Objectives
PERSONAL CONDUCT
210.
230.
Employee Conduct When to Take Police Action
240. Employee-Public Contact
270.
280.
COMMUNTIY RELATIONS
310.
320.
330.
340.
350.
Employee Conflict of Interest
Sexual Harassment
General Provisions Individual Dignity
Role of the Individual Officer Equality of Enforcement Responsiveness to the
Community
360.
370.
380.
Openess of Operation Intelpersonal Communication Training in Human and Community Relations
COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
420.
440.
480.
News Media Relations Public Information Liaison with Criminal Justice
System
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
536.
540.
544.
546.
547.
Crime Scene Supervision Follow-Up Investigation Informants Conduct of Undercover Officers Undercover Officers Posing as
Members of the News Media
548.
Department Response to Impending Riot
556.
564.
571.
584.
588.
VOLUME MANAGEMENTRULES ANDPROCEDURES
GENERAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES
258.
RECORDS AND REPORTS
405.
Use of Firearms Officers Surrendering Weapon Use of Department Police Dogs Vice Enforcement Narcotic Enforcement
III-
Monthly Shooting Qualification
Confidential Nature of Department Records, Reports, and Information
406.
Release of Police Record
Information
UNIFORMS AND
PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
e3
UNIFORMS AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED)
615.
Optional Uniform-Police
Officers
Eligible for Unrestricted
Field Duty
616.
Uniform-Captain
Dress
and
Above
617.
Air Support Division
Uniform-
Police Officers
618.
Indoors
Uniform--Police
Officers
619.
620.
Jumpsuits-Police Officers Fatigue
Uniform-Police
Officers
621.
Field Equipment-Police Officers
622.
624.
Police Equipment Belt Additional Clothing-Police Officers Eligible for Unrestricted Field Duty
626.
Uniform Accessories-Police Officers Eligible for Unrestricted Field Duty
627.
Plainclothes Equipment-Police Officers
637.
Wearing of Department Decorations
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
755. Employee Service Pins
756.
Commendations
770. Physical Fitness and Physical Fitness Tests
776. Loyalty Oath
797.
Deaths of Department Employees
FIELD ACTIVITIES
201.
Notifications to Investigating Officers, General
202.
203.
Field Interrogation Preliminary Field Investigation and Reports
212.
216.
217.
220.
221.
222.
238.
245.
Requesting Aid in the Field
Taking Persons into Custody
Custody of Unbooked Prisoners Vehicle Reporting Procedure Field Releasing Vehicles Impounding Vehicles Dead Bodies
Employee-Involved Use of Force
Incidents
275. Pin
279.
BOOKING, CUSTODY, AND DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY
Maps
Shotguns in Police Vehicles
505. Property Classifications
510.
525.
FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION
702.
Booking Procedure Preserving Property
Detective’s Case Envelope­Felony Arrestees
709.
710.
712.
733. 7x0.
Deaths Homicides Missing/Found Persons Informants
Vehicles-Investigation and Release
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
504.
508.
The Nature of Task
Police Action Based on Legal Justification
520.
522.
Preliminary Investigation Reporting Incidents Motivated by
Hatred or Prejudice
528.
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601.
602.
Possession of
Uniforms
and Personal Equipment Maintenance of Uniforms and
VOLUME IV-LINE PROCEDURES
Equipment
605.
606.
610.
611.
614.
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Personal Appearance Wearing of Uniform Firearms Ammunition
Basic
Uniform-Police
Officers
Eligible for Unrestricted Field Duty
105.
110.
120.
130.
Department Communications
System Radio Unit Designations Radio Terminology, Codes, and Crime Broadcasts
Radio Message Priority
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VOLUME
1 -
POLICY
OBJECTIVES
110. MOTTO OF THE DEPARTMENT.
The motto,
Serve,” states the essential purpose of the Los Angeles Police Department.
The Department protects the right of
all persons within its jurisdiction to be free from criminal attack, to be secure in their possessions, and to
live in peace. The Department serves the people of Los Angeles by performing the law enforcement
function in a professional manner,
and it is to these people that the Department is ultimately responsible.
120. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE.
A large urban society free from crime
and disorder remains an unachieved
ideal; nevertheless, consistent with
the values of a free society, it is the
primary objective of the Los Angeles
Police Department to as closely as
possible approach that ideal. In so
doing, the Department’s role is to enforce the law in a fair and impartial manner,
statutory and judicial limitations of
police authority and the constitutional
right of all persons. It is not the role of the Department to legislate, to
render legal judgments, or to punish.
“To Protect and To
recognizing both the
130. FUNCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.
130.10 PREVENTION OF CRIME.
Peace in a free society depends on voluntary compliance with the law. The primary responsibility for upholding the law therefore lies not with the police, but with the people. Since crime is a social phenomenon, crime prevention is the concern of every person living in society. Society employs professional police to prevent crime,
to deter it, and when that fails, to apprehend those who violate the law.
Crime is a symptom of ills within society which are responsibility of the Department to cure. The Department is responsible, however, for interacting with the community to generate mutual understanding so that there may be public support for crime prevention.
Community involvement is essential to facilitate a free flow of information between the public and the Department to assist in the identification of problem areas and to inform the public of crime statistics and trends. Additionally, knowledge of the community is necessary so that each Department employee may be instilled with a sense of concern for
the crime problems and law enforcement needs in his assigned area of responsibility.
full-time
not the
130.10 (CONTINUED)
The
prevention Of Crime
basic obligation of society. When it
becomes necessary to rely on police
action to secure compliance with the
law, society has failed in this
responsibility.
130.20 While there are certain crimes that cannot be deterred, crimes committed against property and against innocent
victims in public places are reduced by police patrol. Street crime is curbed by the potential criminal’s fear of immediate apprehension or by the increased likelihood of his detection. The deterrence of crime
requires the investigation of behavior
which reasonably appears to be criminally directed.
In deploying patrol forces to deter crime and to inspire public confidence in its ability to ensure a peaceful environment, the Department must strike a balance between the desirable deterrent effect of visible patrol and any undesirable
appearance of oppression. In the
long run, however, it must be the people, not the Department, who determine the limitations on their freedom.
DETERRENCE OF CRIME.
remains
as a
130.25 REVERENCE FOR
HUMAN LIFE.
Reverence for human life is the primary consideration in developing tactics and strategies in pursuit of our motto; “To Protect and To Serve.” Whenever an operation designed to achieve an immediate goal such as the arrest of a felon or the gathering of evidence to complete a criminal investigation causes a victim, witness, or other innocent person to be subjected to potential injury or death, our primary objective must be to protect that person. No arrest, conviction, or piece of evidence can outweigh the value of human life.
130.30 APPREHENSION OF
OFFENDERS.
The administration of criminal justice consists of the identification, arrest,
prosecution, punishment, and
rehabilitation of a law violator, and it has as its objective the voluntary compliance with the law as an alternative to punishment. Once a crime has been committed, it is the duty of the Department to initiate the criminal justice process by identifying and arresting the perpetrator, to obtain necessary evidence, and to cooperate in the prosecution of the case.
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130.30(CONTINUED)
As the certainty of swift and sure punishment serves as an effective deterrent to crime, the Department must diligently strive to solve all crimes and to bring the perpetrators
to justice.
14O.RESOURCE OBJECTIVES.
140.10 DEPARTMENT
PERSONNEL.
Police officers are frequently required to make decisions affecting human life and liberty in difficult situations where there is no opportunity to seek advice and little time for reflection. Law enforcement in a free and complex society requires an officer to have the stamina, intelligence, moral courage, and emotional stability necessary to fairly and impartially deal with human beings in the many complicated and potentially
explosive situations which he encounters. To obtain the caliber of personnel necessary to provide the public with professional law enforcement, it is essential that the Department participate in the recruitment and selection of potential officers. Thereafter, the Department must provide training for all officers and promote the most qualified.
140.20 UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES.
Law enforcement is one of the most expensive and complex services
provided by the City. The quality
and extent of service provided are necessarily limited by available resources which are to a large extent
dependent upon the revenue sources of the City. To ensure that the highest level of service is obtained from the resources at its disposal, the Department must make use of the most efficient management and budgeting techniques available.
PERSONAL CONDUCT
210.EMPLOYEE CONDUCT.
210.10 LAW ENFORCEMENT CODEOFETHICS.
“As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and
property, to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder;
and to respect the Constitutional
rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of
210.10
(CONTINUED)
danger, self-restraint:
scorn, or ridicule; develop
and be constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest
in thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I will be
exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the regulations of my department. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is
confided to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret
unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty.
210.13 RESPECT FOROTHERS.
The cosmopolitan nature of the City is reflected in the diversity of Department employees. In such a diverse environment, biases or prejudices relating to factors such as race, ethnicity, sex, age, economic
status, position in the community, or employee status with the Department must not be allowed to influence decision making or conduct involving other employees. While employees are entitled to their personal beliefs, they must not allow individual feelings or prejudices to enter into
1 will never act officiously or permit
personal feelings, prejudices,
animosities, or friendships to influence my decisions. With no
compromise for crime and with
professional contacts. Employees must treat one another with respect and be constantly mindful that other people are individuals with emotions and needs as significant as their own.
relentless prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor,
malice or ill will, never employing
unnecessary force or violence and
never accepting gratuities.
Respect for individual dignity is an integral part of the Department’s management philosophy and must be practiced by everyone. Employees shall treat all persons with respect
and courtesy, and conduct themselves 1 recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept
it as a public trust to be held so long
as
I am
true
to the ethics of the police
in a manner that will foster the
greatest harmony and cooperation
between themselves and other
members of the Department. service. I will constantly strive to
achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession law enforcement.”
210.15 LOYALTY.
In the performance of his duty to
serve society, an officer is often called upon to make difficult decisions. He must exercise
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210.15(CONTINUED)
discretion in situations where his rights and liabilities and those of the Department hinge upon his conduct
and judgment. An officer’s decisions are not easily made and occasionally they involve a choice which may cause him hardship or discomfort. An officer must be faithful to his oath of office, the principles of
professional police service, and the
objectives of the Department, and in the discharge of his duty he must not allow personal motives to govern his decisions and conduct.
210.20 INTEGRITY.
The public demands that the integrity of its law enforcement officers be
above reproach, and the dishonesty
of a single officer may impair public confidence and cast suspicion upon the entire Department. Succumbing to even minor temptation can be the genesis of a malignancy which may ultimately destroy an individual’s effectiveness and may contribute to the corruption of countless others. An officer must scrupulously avoid
any compromise the integrity of himself,
his fellow officers. or the Department.
conduct which might
210.25 ATTENTION TO DUTY.
As most police work is necessarily performed without close supervision, the responsibility for the proper performance of an officer’s duty lies primarily with the officer himself. An officer carries with him a responsibility for the safety of the community and his fellow officers. He discharges that responsibility by the faithful and diligent performance of his assigned duty. Anything less
violates the trust placed in him by the people, and nothing less qualifies as professional conduct.
210.30 COMPLIANCE WITH
LAWFUL ORDERS.
The Department is an organization
with a clearly defined hierarchy of
authority. This is necessary because unquestioned obedience of a superior’s lawful command is essential for the safe and prompt performance of law enforcement operations. The most desirable means of obtaining compliance are recognition and reward of proper performance and the positive encouragement of a willingness to serve. However, negative discipline may be necessary where there is a willful disregard of lawful orders, commands, or directives.
210.35 CONDUCT UNBECOMlNG AN OFFICER.
A police officer is the most conspicuous government, and to the majority of the people the officer is a symbol of stability and authority upon whom they can rely. An officer’s conduct is closely scrutinized, and when the officer’s actions are found to be excessive, unwarranted, or unjustified, they are criticized far more severely than comparable conduct of persons in other walks of life. Since the conduct of officers, on or off duty, may reflect directly upon the Department, officers must at all times conduct themselves in a manner which does not bring discredit to themselves, the Department, or the City.
representative of
210.47 POLICE OFFICERS' DUTY TO TESTIFY.
Among the duties of police officers are those of preventing the commission of crime, of assisting in
its detection, and of disclosing all information known to them which may lead to the apprehension and punishment, of those who have transgressed the law. When police officers acquire knowledge of facts
which will tend to incriminate any
person, it is their duty to disclose
such facts to their superiors and to
testify freely concerning such facts
when called upon to do so, even at the risk of self-incrimination. It is a violation of duty for police officers to refuse to disclose pertinent facts within their knowledge, and such neglect of duty can result in disciplinary action up to and including termination.
210.50 USE OF INTOXICANTS.
There is an immediate lowering of
esteem and suspicion of ineffectiveness
when there is public contact by a Department employee evidencing the use of intoxicants. Additionally, the
stresses of law enforcement require
an employee to be mentally alert and physically responsive. Except as necessary in the performance of an
official assignment, the consumption
of intoxicants is prohibited while an
employee is on-duty. While on-duty,
officers shall not be permitted to
consume intoxicants to such a degree
that it impairs their on-duty
performance.
Department personnel shall not
consume any intoxicants at any
Department facility.
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PERSONAL CONDUC
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(CONTINUED)
210.55 ALCOHOL AND STRESS RELATED PROBLEMS.
The Department recognizes that
alcoholism and stress-related problems are genuine medical problems which
are deserving of the same concern and degree of understanding as the more traditional illnesses. Every employee should be aware of the symptoms of alcoholism and stress. Employees should not hesitate to seek professional assistance for themselves or offer to help fellow employees affected by these disorders. The
personal obligation of individual employees regarding assistance to
fellow employees includes the
recognition of the symptoms of alcoholism and/or stress problems. There is also an accompanying moral obligation to encourage the affected employee to seek professional assistance.
Supervisory personnel becoming aware of behavioral patterns
indicative of alcoholism or stress
among Department employees should immediately meet with the
concerned employee to determine if
alcohol abuse or stress may be causing the problem behavior. Initially, the supervisor should encourage the concerned employee to
offensive to the public and 1 coworkers, and detracts from the professional bearing of the employee. The use of chewing tobacco and
off-duty
230. WHEN TO TAKE POLICE ACTION.
230.05 RESPONSIBILITY OF i ON-DUTY OFFICERS.
On-Duty, Within City, Fully Responsible. On-duty officers within
the City limits, after considering the tactical situation, are to take all steps
reasonably necessary and consistent
with their assignment to effect the enforcement of the penal provisions of the City, State, and Nation, and to protect life and property.
voluntarily seek assistance from qualified professionals if alcohol abuse or stress is the basis for an employee’s problem. If necessary, the concerned employee may be
mandatorily directed to the
Department’s Behavioral Science Services for assistance.
210.60 USE OF CHEWING TOBACCO AND SNUFF.
Department employees are the most prominent representative of government and as such must present a professional image at all times. An employee’s unwise or unsightly use of chewing tobacco and snuff is
snuff is prohibited while on-duty, or
in
uniform.
230.05 (CONTINUED)
On-Duty, Outside of City, Fully responsible for City Matters. On-
duty officers outside the City limits
who become aware of a situation
requiring police action must first
consider the tactical situation, then take all steps reasonably necessary on police matters of direct concern to the City of Los Angeles.
230.10 RESPONSIBILITY OF OFF-DUTY OFFICERS.
Under California law, both on- and off-duty officers have peace officer authority as to any public offense committed or which there is probable cause to believe has been committed
in his presence and with respect to which there is immediate danger to
person or property, or the escape of
i
the perpetrator of such offense.
However, on-duty City limits who are not acting within the scope of their employment as Los Angeles Police officers on matters of direct concern to the City and off­duty officers both inside and outside of the City limits are to give first consideration to causing the
appropriate action to be effected by the responsible law enforcement
1
agency. Such only after consideration of the tactical
situation and of their possible liability
and that of the City of Los Angeles.
officers
officers
outside the
should then act
240. EMPLOYEE-PUBLIC CONTACT.
240.05 RESPECT FOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS.
No person has a constitutional right to violate the law; neither may any person be deprived of his constitutional rights merely because he is suspected of having committed a crime. The task of determining the constitutionality of a statute lies with an appellate court of proper
jurisdiction, not with an officer who
seeks to properly enforce the law as it exists. Therefore, an officer may enforce any federal, state, or local statute which is valid on its face without fear of abrogating the constitutional rights of the person violating that statute. An lawfully acts within the scope of his authority does not deprive persons of their civil liberties. He may within the scope of his authority make reasonable inquiries, conduct investigations, and arrest on probable cause. However, when an officer exceeds his authority by unreasonable conduct, he violates the sanctity of the law which he is sworn to uphold.
officer
who
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240.10 USE OF FORCE.
In a complex urban society, officers are daily confronted with situations
where control must be exercised to effect arrests and to protect the public safety. Control may be achieved through advice, warnings, and
persuasion, or by the use of physical
force. While the use of reasonable
physical force may be necessary in
situations which cannot be otherwise
controlled, force may not be resorted to unless other reasonable alternatives have been exhausted or would clearly
be ineffective under the particular circumstances. to use whatever force that is reasonable and necessary to protect others or themselves from bodily harm.
Officers
are permitted
240.15 COURTESY.
Effective law enforcement depends on a high degree of cooperation between the Department and the public it serves. The practice of courtesy in all public contacts encourages understanding appreciation; discourtesy breeds contempt and resistance. The
majority of the public are law­abiding citizens who rightfully expect fair and courteous treatment by Department employees. While the urgency of a situation might
and
preclude the ordinary social amenities, discourtesy under any
circumstance is indefensible. The practice of courtesy by an officer is not a manifestation of weakness; it is, on the contrary, entirely consistent with the firmness and impartiality that characterizes a professional
police officer.
270. EMPLOYEE CONFLICT OF INTEREST.
270.25 OFFICER CONTACTS WITH THE PUBLIC.
In each of his contacts with the public, an officer must be aware that his actions, appearance, and statements are those of the Department. For that reason, and
because of the inherent potential for conflict in many police contacts, an officer must develop a fair, impartial, and reasonable attitude and perform his task in a businesslike manner. His statements must be the result of considered judgment and be absent of personal opinion, bias, or editorial comment. Extended conversation which reflects the officer’s personal opinions will normally be considered inappropriate.
280. SEXUAL HARASSMENT.
It is essential that the Department maintain a healthy working environmentwhich will provide all
280. (CONTINUED)
employees perform their duties to their fullest potential. The working environment must
be free of sexual harassment to assure all employees. Sexual harassment is a
violation of Federal and State law
and City and Department policy. It
exposes the City, the Police
Department, and the offending
employee to serious liability and can
lower morale,
integrity of employee relationships, and interfere with the efficiency of
Department operations. Sexual
harassment is viewed by the Department as serious misconduct which can result in the offending employee being subject to disciplinary action termination. The Department will not tolerate sexual harassment.
the opportunity to
fair and courteous treatment of
undermine the
up to and including
Employee Responsibility. All
employees are responsible for avoiding situations which involve actual or apparent sexual harassment. When employees observe behavior they believe to be sexual harassment they should confront the offender directly and make it clear that the offender’s behavior is unacceptable
and the behavior must stop.
Employees who become aware of conduct they believe to be sexual
harassment, whether or not the
conduct is directed at them, witnessed by them, or related to them by another employee, shall report the incident to a supervisor immediately. Employees who do not receive a satisfactory response to their complaint shall contact the next level of
supervision, the Sexual Harassment Counselor/Women’s Coordinator.
All employees may obtain support and
guidance when
involving sexual harassment. In addition to their supervisors, the Sexual
Harassment Counselor/Women’s Coordinator, employees may also contact the City Personnel Department’s Sexual Harassment Counselor, Equal Employment Opportunities Division.
dealing with situations
Supervisory Responsibility.
Supervisory employees shall ensure that each workplace has a working atmosphere free from sexual
harassment for all employees. The working environment shall be
businesslike, assuring fair and courteous treatment for all employees
and the public they serve. Supervisors shall take prompt and appropriate action whenever they
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280. (CONTINUED)
observe or are made aware of any action or conduct that may be
interpreted as sexual harassment.
Command Responsibility.
Commanding officers are responsible
for ensuring that their commands are free of sexual harassment by providing appropriate training and inspection which ensures the
existence of a working environment free of sexual harassment. Moreover, commanding officers shall ensure
that supervisors assigned to their command strictly enforce the policy of the Department against sexual harassment promptly and appropriately.
COMMUNITY RELATIONS
310. GENERAL PROVISIONS.
Community relations is based upon the principle that in a democratic society the police are an integral and indivisible element of the public they serve. Community relations is
manifested by positive interaction between the people and the police and represents their unity and
common purpose.
A system of law and its enforcement is not superimposed upon an unwilling public in a free society; the
law is created by the themselves to control the behavior of those who would seek to interfere with the community welfare and
existence.
While the primary responsibility for the enforcement of the law lies with the people, the complexities of
modem society and the inability of the people to personally cope with crime has required that they create the police service to assist in maintaining social order. The police
represent only a portion of the total resources expended by the public to this end; however, this effort, frequently being restrictive
individual freedom, brings the police
into contact with members of the public under circumstances which have a far-reaching impact upon the lives of the affected individuals. A
citizen’s encounter with the police can be a very frightening and emotionally painful experience, and under these circumstances, the risk of
a misunderstanding is very great. The minimization of this risk is a challenge intrinsic to each public contact by the Department must strive for the
establishment of a climate where an
officer may perform his duties with the acceptance, understanding, and
i
approval of the public. Additionally,
Department. The
people
of
310.
(CONTINUED)
the participation
enforcing the law is essential for the
preservation of freedom.
320.
A recognition of individual dignity is vital all persons are subject to the law, all persons have a right to dignified treatment under the law, and the protection of this right is a duty which is as binding on the Department as any other.
An officer must treat a person with as
much respect as that person will allow, and he must be constantly
mindful that the people with whom he is dealing are individuals with human emotions and needs. Such
conduct is not a duty imposed in addition to an officer’s primary responsibilities, it is inherent in them.
willing and practiced
of the people in
INDIVIDUAL DIGNITY.
in a free system of law. Just as
330. ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL OFFICER
Community relations is manifested in its most common form in the
numerous daily encounters between individual officers and citizens. It is at this level that reality is given to the unity of the people and the police and
where the greatest burden for strengthening
community relations is laid.
In dealing with people each officer must attempt to make his contact one
which inspires respect for himself as an individual and professional and one which generates the cooperation and approval of the public. While entitled to his personal beliefs, an officer cannot allow his individual feelings or prejudices to enter into public contacts. However, since an officer’s prejudices may be subconsciously manifested, it is incumbent upon him to strive for the elimination of attitudes which might impair his impartiality and effectiveness.
340. ENFORCEMENT.
As one of the world’s largest cities,
Los Angeles is composed of many different communities, each with its own life style and each with its own individual crime problems. The cosmopolitan nature of the City is manifested by the diverse ethnic and
sociological background of its
people. However, all persons in each area of the City have in common the need for the protection which is afforded by fair and impartial law enforcement.
Additionally, as a person moves throughout the City, he must be able to expect a similar police response to his behavior wherever it occurs.
EQUALITY OF
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340. c-j
Where the law is not evenly enforced, there follows a reduction in
respect for the law and a resistance to
its enforcement.
In order to respond to varying law enforcement needs in the different parts of the City, the Department must have flexibility in deployment
and methods of enforcement; however, enforcement policies should be formulated on a Citywide basis, and applied uniformly in all areas.
Implicit in uniform enforcement of law is the element of evenhandedness in its application. The amount of force used or the method employed to secure compliance with the law or
to make arrests is governed by the particular situation. circumstances require similar treatment in all areas of the City and for all groups and individuals.
To ensure equal treatment in similar
circumstances, an officer must be
alert to situations where, because of a language barrier or for some other reason, he may be called upon to display additional patience and understanding in dealing with what might otherwise appear to be a lack
of response.
Similar
350. RESPONSIVENESS TO COMMUNITY.
THE
The Department must be responsive to the needs and problems of the community. While the Department’s
task is governed by the law, the policies formulated to guide the enforcement of the law must include
consideration of the public will. This responsiveness must be manifested at all levels of the Department by a willingness to listen and by a genuine concern for the problems of individuals or groups. The total needs of the community must
become an integral part of the programs designed to carry out the mission of the Department.
360. OPENNESS OF OPERATION.
Law enforcement operations in a free society must not be shrouded in
secrecy. It is necessary that there be full public disclosure of policies and an openness in matters of public interest. Consistent with protection of the legal rights of involved individuals and with consideration of the necessity for maintaining the confidentiality of Department records and of other primary Department responsibilities, the Department is to disseminate accurate and factual accounts of occurrences of public
interest. Additionally, the Department
must strive to make known and accepted its objectives and policies.
370.
INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION.
To
promote understanding and cooperation them must be interpersonal communication between members of the community and officers at all levels of the Department. Each employee must be aware of the law enforcement needs of the community and his particular assigned area of
responsibility. Guided by policy, an officer must tailor his performance to attain the objectives of the Department and to solve the specific crime problems in the area he serves. The Department must provide for programs to encourage productive dialogue with the public at all levels
and to ensure that the unity of the police and the people is preserved.
380. TRAINING IN HUMAN AND
COMMUNITY RELATIONS.
The selection process for police officers is designed to choose the most qualified and to eliminate those
who are physically, emotionally,
mentally, or socially unfit. Those
selected, however, are representative
of the community at large and as
such are subject to having the same
prejudices and biases found in much of society. Exposure to crime and its aftermath can tend to harden and render insensitive an officer whose
sympathetic understanding is needed
to properly perform his duties. The Department must provide initial and continuing training in human and community relations to help
officers avoid this hardening of attitude and to imbue in each officer an understanding of his total role in the community.
LA Police Department Manual community
relations excerp
recognizes that alcoholism and
stress-related problems are genuine
medical problems which are deserving of the same concern and degree of understanding as the more traditional illnesses. Every employee
should be aware of the symptoms of
alcoholism and stress. Employees
should not hesitate to seek
professional assistance
for
themselves or offer to help fellow
employees affected by these
disorders. The personal obligation of
individual employees regarding
assistance to fellow employees
includes the recognition of the
symptoms of alcoholism and/or stress problems. There is also an accompanying moral obligation to encourage the affected employee to
seek professional assistance.
Supervisory personnel becoming aware of behavioral patterns
indicative of alcoholism or stress
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380. (CONTINUED)
among Department employees
should immediately meet with the concerned employee to determine if alcohol abuse or stress may be causing the problem behavior. Initially, the supervisor should encourage the concerned employee to voluntarily seek assistance from qualified professionals if alcohol abuse or stress is the basis for an employee’s problem. If necessary, the concerned employee may be
mandatorily directed to the Department’s Behavioral Science Services for assistance.
COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
420. NEWS MEDIA RELATIONS.
420.10 ROLE OF THE NEWS
MEDIA.
A well-informed public is essential to the existence of a democratic nation. To effectively exercise his franchise,
a citizen must be aware of current events and the state of government. A free press serves the public by supplying needed information, by stimulating thought, and by providing a medium for expression.
Crime, its results, and the efforts to combat it are all matters of
continuing public concern. The
Department is regularly involved in events at which members of the news media are properly present and performing their task of gathering information.
420.20 ROLE OF THE DEPARTMENT.
The Department actively seeks to establish a cooperative climate in which the news media may obtain information on matters of public interest in a manner which does not hamper police operations. However, certain information must be withheld from the news media in order to protect the constitutional rights of an accused, to avoid interfering with a Department investigation, or because it is legally privileged.
420.30 DEPARTMENT PRESS i RELATIONS OFFICER.
To foster cooperation and mutual ~ respect between the news media and the Department, a member of the personal staff of the Chief of Police is designated as the Department Press ! Relations Officer. His personal services are made available to authorized representatives of the news
media to assist in solving problems of mutual concern to the press and the Department. Additionally, the Press Relations Off&r responds to serious police incidents to assist the news
media in their function.
420.40
RESPONSIBILITY FOR
THE RELEASE OF
INFORMATION.
When an
event being investigated is
of such a spectacular or unusual
nature as to stimulate general community interest, the news media will be notified.
420.50 SCOPE AND CONTENT
OF
THE RELEASE OF
INFORMATION.
The
scope and content of each release of information must be determined according to the facts of each
situation. Generally, a description of
the circumstances which is not legally
privileged and which will not prejudice the rights of suspects or interfere with an investigation will be made.
420.80 WHERE A NEWSMAN IS
NOT AUTHORIZED.
While a newsman may be permitted
in the area of a crime scene or a serious police incident, he does not have the authority to be within a crime scene or area which has been secured to preserve evidence or at any location where his presence
jeopardizes police operations.
420.85 NEWS MEDIA NOT EXEMPT FROM LAWS.
A newsman’s primary responsibility is to report the news by obtaining information and photographs at news-worthy incidents.
His opportunity to do so is infrequently momentary at an emergency scene.
An officer sharing these circumstances with a newsman should not unnecessarily obstruct the newsman in the performance of his duty; however, members of the news media are neither impliedly nor expressly exempt from any municipal, state, or federal
440. PUBLIC INFORMATION.
440.10 REQUESTS FOR
INFORMATION.
statute.
The public has an abiding interest in
law enforcement and in the activities
of the Department. The news media
and members of the public frequently
direct inquiries to the Department
seeking information on a variety of
subjects. While it is the aim of the
Department to fulfill such requests, it
is not always possible to do so.
Whether to release information or to
grant interviews will be determined
according to the facts of each case.
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440.40 RESPONSIBILITY OF OFFICERS TO SUPPLY
INFORMATION.
Frequently, due to
public expectations and because of his accessibility, an officer is called upon
to supply information both related
and unrelated to the law enforcement
function. An officer should appropriately answer questions put to him or refer the person to the proper individual or agency for such answers. When a request is made for information about a police matter, an
officer should decide if he is in possession of sufficient facts and is qualified to respond, and whether the person making the request is a proper
person to receive the information. Generally, an officer should be open
in his dealings with the public and,
unless there is reason to the contrary, he should supply requested information. He should, however, be cautious to avoid representing as fact that which is his opinion.
available to them informatio concerning techniques and procedures developed or used by the Department.
480.20 CRITICISM OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM.
The Department shares responsibility
with the Judiciary and other law
enforcement agencies in the criminal justice system. All elements of the system work toward common objectives and each element is functionally complementary. The cooperative and
harmonious working relationships which are essential in attaining those objectives are impaired by unnecessary criticism of others
engaged in the administration of criminal justice. For that reason
officers should be aware of the effect
upon law enforcement of any comments they make which might be interpreted as being critical of other law enforcement or prosecution agencies or individual members of the Judiciary. However, it is not
480. LIAISON WITH CRIMINAL
JUSTICE SYSTEM.
intended that there be any infringement of an officer’s right to express his personal views regarding
480.10 COOPERATION WITH OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.
the criminal justice system in general or any trends which seem destructive
of its efficacy. The Department maintains a close working relationship with other law enforcement agencies, and makes
and prosecution
LAW
n
ENFORCEMENT
OPERATIONS
504.
THE NATURE OF THE
TASK.
Law
enforcement operations consist
of
many diverse activities which are directed toward the attainment of Department objectives. Activities
such
as patrolling, conducting field
interviews, and issuing traffic
citations are not objectives in themselves; rather, they are methods
of achieving the real objectives of preventing and deterring crime,
arresting criminal offenders, and
preventing traffic collisions.
Decisions in law enforcement
operations frequently must be made
in an instant, and the lives of officers and others may depend upon the
quality of those decisions. An officer
is confronted in stress situations with both criminal and noncriminal behavior,
and he must be capable of
making a reasonable response in both cases. An officer musts base his conduct and action in each instance
upon the facts of the situation as they
reasonably appear, relying upon his experience, training, and judgment to
guide him toward morally justified
and lawful decisions and actions.
SOS. POLICE ACTION BASED ON LEGAL JUSTIFICATION.
What is reasonable in terms of appropriate police action or what constitutes probable cause varies with each situation, and different facts may justify either an investigation, a detention, a search, an arrest, or no action at all. The requirement that legal justification be
present imposes a limitation on an officer’s action. In every case, an officer must act reasonably within the limits of his authority as defined by
statute and judicial interpretation, thereby ensuring that the rights of both the individual and the public are
protected.
520. PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION.
520.10 SCOPE OF PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION.
The scope of preliminary investigation
by a uniformed officer may be very restricted or it may constitute the entire investigation of the crime. In a
particular crime, the scope of the preliminary investigation may be limited by investigative policy, and in all cases it is limited by an officer’s assignment workload. Consistent with his other responsibilities, an officer should continue a preliminary
investigation to the point where the delay in investigation caused by the
report being processed will not materially jeopardize
the
investigation.
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520.20 FOLLOW-UP
INVESTIGATION BY UNIFORMED OFFICERS.
Uniformed officers may conduct a limited follow-up investigation upon supervisory approval when there is a
reasonable chance of apprehending the suspect, when there is a need for obtaining additional information for the preliminary investigation report, or when there are other compelling
circumstances.
520.30 COURTESY CRIME REPORTS.
Generally, crime reports shall not be completed for occurrences outside the City. Department personnel
should impress upon a citizen requesting a crime report the importance of an expeditious investigation and the fact that this can only occur if the crime is reported to the concerned agency. In those cases where exigent circumstances exist that would make it impractical for a person to report the crime to the concerned agency, a courtesy report
may be completed, with prior
supervisory approval,
522. REPORTING INCIDENTS
MOTIVATED BY HATRED OR
PREJUDICE.
It is the policy of the Los Angeles Police Department to ensure that the rights of all people guaranteed by the
constitutions of the United States and the State of California are protected. When such rights are infringed upon by violence, threats, or other harassment, the Department will
use every necessary resource to rapidly and decisively identify the suspects, arrest them, and bring them to
justice.
Acts or threats of violence motivated by hatred or prejudice are serious.
Such acts generate fear and concern
among victims and the public and have the potential of recurring, escalating, and possibly causing counterviolence.
528. FIELD SUPERVISION.
Since emergency situations occur
without warning, and their duration is often brief, officers must frequently
make critical decisions without benefit of on-the-scene direction. In most police operations, however, supervision is
available and / necessary to provide guidance and training. Supervision gives coherence to the police task and directs the energies of the
Department into an organized effort. Proper supervision is essential to maintain a professional level of competence in law enforcement operations,
520.10 SUPERVISION IN FIELD OPERATIONS.
The
Department is an organization
with
an assignment of responsibility and accountability throughout the rank structure. To the degree that a senior officer is responsible and accountable for the performance of his junior, he must be granted commensurate authority in order to properly discharge his supervisorial responsibility. Field supervision begins with the senior policemen of the Department, and it is upon them that the primary burden of training and supervising less experienced officers is placed. A field sergeant is the first level of full-time supervision, and it is his primary responsibility to guide, train, direct, and motivate those over whom he has control. A field sergeant is not normally expected to engage in law enforcement operations except in a command or supervisory capacity.
536. CRIME SCENE
ERVISION.
SUP
The senior investigating officer present is in charge of a crime scene.
540. FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION.
540.10 INVESTIGATION OF REPORTED
CRIMES.
Follow-up investigation consists of
efforts to interview victims and
witnesses; locate, identify, and
Preserve physical evidence; recover
stolen property; identify, locate, interview, and arrest suspects; present the case to the prosecutor; and cooperate in the prosecution of the defendant. Such investigations are conducted to produce evidence
relating to the guilt or innocence of
any suspect and to recover property.
540.20 ALLOCATION OF
RESOURCES TO FOLLOW-UP
INVESTIGATIONS.
As it is not feasible to expend equal
time and energy in the investigation
of all reported crimes, priority of
investigation and allocation of
resources must be based upon the
relative seriousness of each reported
crime. However, reported crimes
will be investigated to the fullest
extent possible without regard to the status of the victims or the areas of the City in which the crimes occur.
544.
INFORMANTS.
544.10 USE OF INFORMANTS.
Often, information from confidential sources is the investigative lead which solves a case and without which there could not be a prosecution.
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544.10 (CONTINUED)
Information is received by the Department regarding criminal
activities and suspects from persons in all walks of life. Many people who give information have been victims or witnesses of crimes, or they may have a strong desire to aid law enforcement. There are others motivated purely by selfish interests. However,
motivation, the use of informants is a
basic weapon in the fight against crime, and they are a judicially recognized source of information. An informant’s motivation should be
carefully evaluated in determining the extent upon which the information will be relied.
regardless of their
544.20 INFORMANT’S IMMUNITY FROM PROSECUTION.
Informants will sometimes offer to exchange information for immunity or for their release. Such immunity
may properly be granted by a judge
in a judicial proceeding; however, neither the Department nor any of its members may grant any person immunity from prosecution.
546. CONDUCT OF UNDERCOVER OFFICERS.
In order to obtain information and evidence regarding criminal activities, it may be necessary that the
Department utilize undercover operators. Such operators shall not become “Agents Provocateurs” or engage in entrapment. The officers shall not commit any act or omit to
perform any duty imposed by law
which constitutes a crime.
547. UNDERCOVER OFFICERS POSING AS MEMBERS OF THE NEWS MEDIA.
The use of a news media cover by an officer to obtain intelligence information is not an acceptable form of undercover activity. Once a police officer is discovered in such a role, particularly in a crowd control situation, legitimate members of the
media become suspect and could possibly be exposed to danger. In addition, such undercover activity does damage to the trust which should exist between members of a free society and the news media which serves them.
548. DEPARTMENT RESPONSE TO IMPENDING RIOT.
When the City is confronted with a situation which may escalate into a riot, the Department must establish
control of the situation by reacting quickly and committing sufficient resources to control the situation. Control must be established in all parts of the involved area so that
548. (CONTINUED)
there are no areas into which the
Department cannot go. Law violators must
be arrested and their prosecution
sought.
Finally, the Department must remain in the affected area with adequate personnel and equipment for a sufficient period of time after order is
restored to convince all concerned that additional outbreaks will not be tolerated.
556.
USE OF FIREARMS.
556.10 PREAMBLETOTHEPOLICY ON THE USE OF FIREARMS.
The use of a firearm is in all
probability the most serious act in
which a law enforcement officer will engage. It has the most far-reaching
consequences for all of the parties involved. It is, therefore, imperative not only that the officer act within the
boundaries of legal guidelines, ethics,
good judgment, and accepted practices, but also that the officer be prepared by training, leadership, and direction to act wisely whenever using a firearm in the course of duty.
A reverence for the value of human life shall guide officers in considering the use of deadly force. While officers have an affirmative duty to use that degree of force
necessary to protect human life, the use of deadly force is not justified merely to protect property interests.
It is in the public interest that a police off&r of this Department be guided by a policy which the people believe to be fair and appropriate and which creates public confidence in the Department and its individual officers.
This policy is not intended to create doubt in the mind of an officer at a moment when action is critical and there is little time for meditation or reflection. guidelines governing the use of firearms so that officers can be confident in exercising judgment as to the use of deadly force. Such a policy must be viewed as an administrative guide for decision­making before the fact and as a standard for administrative judgment of the propriety of the action taken.
It is not to be considered a standard for external judgment (civil or criminal litigation) of the propriety of an action taken. This is a matter of established law and also a process for courts and juries reviewing specific facts of a given incident.
It provides basic
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556.20 NECESSITY THAT OFFICERS BE ARMED.
As long as members of the public are victims of violent crimes and officers
in the performance of their duties are confronted with deadly force, it will remain necessary for police officers to be properly armed for the protection of society and themselves.
556.25 REASON FOR THE USE OF DEADLY FORCE.
An officer is equipped with a firearm to protect himself or others against the immediate threat of death or
serious bodily injury or to apprehend a fleeing felon who has committed a violent crime and whose escape
presents a substantial risk of death or
serious bodily injury to others.
556.35 MINIMIZING THE RISK OF DEATH.
An officer does not shoot with the intent to kill; he shoots when it is
necessary to prevent the individual , from completing what he is attempting. In the extreme stress of a shooting situation, an officer may not have the opportunity or ability to direct his shot to a nonfatal area. To
require him to do so, in every
instance, could increase the risk of harm to himself or others. However, in keeping with the philosophy that the minimum force that is necessary should be used, officers should be ! aware that, even in the rare cases where the use of firearms reasonably 1 appears necessary, the risk of death to any person should be minimized.
556.40 (CONTINUED)
or the use of deadly force where there is a substantial risk that the person whose arrest is sought will cause death or serious bodily injury to others if apprehension is delayed. Officers shall not use deadly force to protect themselves from assaults which are not likely to have serious results.
Firing at or from moving vehicles is
generally prohibited. Experience shows such action is rarely effective and is extremely hazardous to innocent persons.
Deadly force shall only be exercised when all reasonable alternatives have
been exhausted or appear impracticable.
556.55 SUSPECTED FELONY OFFENDERS.
An officer shall not tire at a person who is called upon to halt on mere
suspicion and who simply runs away to avoid arrest. Nor should an officer tire at a ‘fleeing felon’ if the officer has any doubt whether the person
tired at is in fact the person against
whom the use of deadly force is permitted under this policy.
556.60 YOUTHFUL FELONY
SUSPECTS.
This Department has always utilized
extreme caution with respect to the use of deadly force against youthful offenders. Nothing in this policy is intended to reduce the degree of care required in such cases.
556.30 PROTECTION OF GENERAL PUBLIC.
Regardless of the nature of the crime or the justification for firing at a suspect,
their basic responsibility is to protect the public. Officers shall not fire
under conditions that would subject bystanders or hostages to death or possible injury, except to preserve life or prevent serious bodily injury. Firing under such conditions is not
justified unless the failure to do so at
the time would create a substantial immediate threat of death or serious bodily injury.
1.50
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must remember that
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556.40 THE USE OF DEADLY FORCE.
An officer is authorized the use of deadly force when it reasonably appears necessary:
* To protect himself or others from an immediate threat of death or serious bodily injury, or
* To prevent a crime where the
suspect’s actions place persons in
jeopardy of death or serious bodily
injury, or
* To apprehend a fleeing felon for a crime involving serious bodily injury
Angeles
Police
Department
556.50 JUSTIFICATION LIMITED TO FACTS KNOWN TO OFFICER.
Justification for the use of deadly
force must be limited to what reasonably appear to be the facts
I
known or perceived by an officer at the time he decides to shoot. Facts unknown to an compelling, cannot be considered at a
later date to justify a shooting.
officer,
no matter how
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556.70 SHOOTING AT FLEEING MISDEMEANANTS.
Officers shall not use deadly force to effect the arrest or prevent the escape of a person whose only offense is
classified solely as a misdemeanor under the Penal Code.
556.75 FIRING WARNING SHOTS.
Generally, warning shots should not be tired.
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556.80
DRAWING OR
EXHIBITING FIREARMS.
Unnecessarily or prematurely drawing or exhibiting a firearm limits an officer’s alternatives in controlling a situation, creates unnecessary
anxiety on the part of citizens, and may result in an unwarranted or accidental discharge of the firearm. Officers shall not draw or exhibit a firearm unless the circumstances surrounding the incident create a reasonable belief that it may be necessary to use the firearm in
conformance with this policy on the use
of firearms.
Note: During a special meeting on
September 29, 1977, the Board of Police Commissioners adopted the following as a valid interpretation of this Section:
“Unnecessarily or prematurely drawing or exhibiting a firearm limits an officer’s alternatives in controlling a situation, creates unnecessary anxiety on the part of citizens, and
may result in an unwarranted or accidental discharge of the firearm. An officer’s decision to draw or exhibit a firearm should be based on the tactical situation and the officer’s
reasonable belief there is a
substantial risk that the situation may
escalate to the point where deadly
force may be justified. When an officer has determined that the use of deadly force is not necessary, the
officer shall, as soon as practicable,
secure or holster the firearm.”
564. OFFICERS SURRENDERING WEAPON.
An officer or his partner may be at the mercy of an armed suspect who has the advantage, but experience has shown that the danger to an officer is not reduced by his giving up his gun ~ upon demand. Surrendering his weapon might mean giving away his only chance for survival; therefore, an officer should use every tactical
tool at his disposal to avoid surrendering his weapon.
571. USE OF DEPARTMENT
POLICE DOGS.
Police dogs are a multi-functional asset of the Los Angeles Police Department. Police dogs may be used in appropriate circumstances to assist officers in the search for criminal suspects; the detection and location of narcotics explosives; and the location of i missing adults or juveniles.
Supervisors or officers at the scene of a police incident may request the assistance of a police dog and shall be responsible for determining if the dog is to be used. When a police dog
and/or
571.
(CONTINUED)
is
deployed, the dog handler shall be
solely
responsible for the control and
direction of the dog.
police dogs may be used:
*
In the detection, control, and apprehension of a suspect when there is a reasonable suspicion of the suspect’s involvement in criminal
activity;
* In
the search of buildings and large
areas for suspects;
*
In the investigation of a crime or
possible crime;
*
In searches for narcotics and/or
narcotic paraphernalia;
*
In searches for explosives and/or
explosive devices;
*
In criminal and non-criminal incidents to assist in the search for missing juveniles or adults.
Police dogs are employed to assist officers in the performance of their duties. In appropriate circumstances, police dogs may be used to defend peace officers and others from
Imminent danger at the hands of an assailant, and may defend themselves from annoying, harassing, or provoking acts.
584. VICE ENFORCEMENT.
The people through their elected representatives have decided that criminal sanctions should be imposed against certain behavior which has been traditionally labeled as “vice.”
The Department is charged with the enforcement of all criminal statutes including those defining vice offenses. Where vice conditions are allowed to continue, they are soon exploited by organized crime and the money thus obtained is often used to finance other criminal ventures or
attempts to corrupt public officials.
To prevent the spread of vice conditions, the Department will take
aggressive
enforcement action against all commercialized vice activities, against those vice activities which have been complained of, and against conspicuous vice conditions which appear on the streets and in the
public places of the City.
588. NARCOTIC ENFORCEMENT.
It is the objective of the Department to enforce all local, State, and federal
statutes possession, use, or traffic in narcotics, non-prescription dangerous drugs, and other restricted or prohibited
substances. Through a combination
of aggressive enforcement and public
which prohibit the
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