EXFO ETS-1000G User Manual
ETS-1000G
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer
User Guide
Copyright Information
Copyright Information
Copyright © 2013 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form,
be it electronically, mechanically, or by any other means such as
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of EXFO Inc. (EXFO).
Information provided by EXFO is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by EXFO for its use nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from
its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent
rights of EXFO.
EXFO’s Commerce And Government Entities (CAGE) code under the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is 0L8C3.
The information contained in this publication is subject to change without
notice.
Trademarks
EXFO’s trademarks have been identified as such. However, the presence
or absence of such identification does not affect the legal status of any
trademark.
Units of Measurement
Units of measurement in this publication conform to SI standards and
practices.
January 25, 2013
Version number: 1.0.0
ii ETS-1000G
Contents
Contents
Copyright Information ............................................................................................................ ii
Certification Information ......................................................................................................vii
1 Introducing the ETS-1000G .......................................................................... 1
Scope of use ...........................................................................................................................1
Conventions ............................................................................................................................4
Supply Kit ...............................................................................................................................5
2 Safety Information ....................................................................................... 7
Laser Safety Warnings .............................................................................................................7
Installation Instruction Warnings ............................................................................................8
3 Device Description ....................................................................................... 9
Front Panel .............................................................................................................................9
Keyboard ..............................................................................................................................10
LEDs ......................................................................................................................................11
Status Bar .............................................................................................................................13
External Connectors ..............................................................................................................14
Control Menu Structure ........................................................................................................15
4 RFC 2544 ..................................................................................................... 19
Throughput Analysis .............................................................................................................19
Latency Analysis ....................................................................................................................20
Frame Loss Rate Analysis ......................................................................................................21
Back to Back Analysis ............................................................................................................22
5 Preparing RFC 2544 for Analysis ............................................................... 23
Topology ...............................................................................................................................25
Main header parameters .......................................................................................................26
Additional header parameters ..............................................................................................27
Select the Frame Size ............................................................................................................31
Setting Test Parameters .........................................................................................................32
6 Analyzing RFC 2544 .................................................................................... 39
Throughput Test Results ........................................................................................................39
Latency Test Results ..............................................................................................................40
Frame Loss Rate Test Results .................................................................................................42
Back to Back Test Results ......................................................................................................43
Saving Test Results ................................................................................................................44
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer iii
Contents
7 Asymmetric Test ..........................................................................................45
Testing Example ....................................................................................................................46
8 Complex Traffic ...........................................................................................51
Complex Traffic MPLS Setting ...............................................................................................56
9 Loopback .....................................................................................................57
10 OAM .............................................................................................................59
11 ET–Discovery ................................................................................................63
12 TCP/IP Tests ..................................................................................................65
Ping ......................................................................................................................................65
Traceroute .............................................................................................................................69
DNS Lookup ..........................................................................................................................71
ARP Request Monitor ............................................................................................................73
TCP Client .............................................................................................................................74
13 BERT .............................................................................................................77
BERT MPLS Setting ................................................................................................................81
Connection Options ..............................................................................................................81
14 Delay Variation ............................................................................................85
15 Traffic Generator .........................................................................................89
Static Traffic ..........................................................................................................................91
MAC/IP and VLAN flood ........................................................................................................94
16 Statistics ......................................................................................................95
Summary statistics ................................................................................................................95
Statistics of Frame Types .......................................................................................................96
Statistics of Frame Sizes ........................................................................................................97
Statistics for Layers ...............................................................................................................98
Statistics of Frame Errors ......................................................................................................99
17 Saving test results and statistics .............................................................101
18 Network Parameters .................................................................................103
19 Interface Parameters ................................................................................105
iv ETS-1000G
Contents
20 Device Settings ......................................................................................... 111
Display Settings ..................................................................................................................111
General Settings .................................................................................................................112
Information ........................................................................................................................113
SFP/SFP+ Information .........................................................................................................114
Storage Battery ...................................................................................................................114
Temperature .......................................................................................................................115
Option Control ...................................................................................................................115
21 Profiles ...................................................................................................... 117
22 Event Logging .......................................................................................... 119
23 Remote Control ........................................................................................ 121
Updating SW versions on the device ...................................................................................121
Connecting to a PC via the USB Interface ...........................................................................122
Remote Control Over TELNET ..............................................................................................123
Remote Control Through the WWW Interface ....................................................................124
Taking Screenshots .............................................................................................................124
24 Service and Maintenance ......................................................................... 127
Recalibrating the Unit .........................................................................................................128
Battery Charging Procedure ................................................................................................128
Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only) ..................................................130
25 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................... 131
Contacting the Technical Support Group ............................................................................132
26 Warranty .................................................................................................. 133
General Information ...........................................................................................................133
Liability ...............................................................................................................................134
Exclusions ...........................................................................................................................135
Certification ........................................................................................................................135
Service and Repairs .............................................................................................................136
EXFO Service Centers Worldwide ........................................................................................137
A Specifications ............................................................................................. 139
Interfaces ............................................................................................................................139
Testing ................................................................................................................................139
General Features .................................................................................................................141
Delivery options ..................................................................................................................142
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer v
Contents
B Reference Tables......................................................................................... 143
Traffic Types and Priorities ..................................................................................................143
Precedence Values ..............................................................................................................144
ToS Values ...........................................................................................................................144
Class of Service and DSCP Values ........................................................................................145
ECN Values .........................................................................................................................146
TCP/IP Port Numbers ...........................................................................................................147
Connection Errors ...............................................................................................................147
Test Sequences ....................................................................................................................148
Digits, Letters, and Characters ............................................................................................148
C Remote Control Commands ...................................................................... 151
Remote control commands (a console terminal) .................................................................151
Remote control commands (TELNET). Configuration mode ................................................162
D Ethernet Frame Structure .......................................................................... 171
E Glossary....................................................................................................... 173
Index ...............................................................................................................181
vi ETS-1000G
Certification Information
Certification Information
North America Regulatory Statement on Product
Safety
This unit was certified by an agency approved in both Canada and the
United States of America. It has been evaluated according to applicable
North American approved standards for product safety for use in Canada
and the United States.
Electronic test and measurement equipment is exempt from FCC part 15,
subpart B compliance in the United States of America and from ICES-003
compliance in Canada. However, EXFO Inc. makes reasonable efforts to
ensure compliance to the applicable standards.
The limits set by these standards are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in
a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the user guide, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at his own expense.
Modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
European Union (CE) Information
Electronic test and measurement equipment is subject to the EMC
Directive in the European Union. The EN61326 standard prescribes both
emission and immunity requirements for laboratory, measurement, and
control equipment. This unit has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A digital device. Please refer to the CE Declaration of
Conformity on page ix.
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer vii
Certification Information
Note: If the equipment described herein bears the CE symbol, the said equipment
complies with the applicable European Union Directive and Standards
mentioned in the Declaration of Conformity.
Laser
Your instrument is a Class 1 laser product in compliance with standards IEC
60825-1 and 21 CFR 1040.10. Laser radiation may be encountered at the
output port.
viii ETS-1000G
CE Declaration of Conformity
EN 55022: 2006
Information technology equipment — Radio disturbance
characteristics
EN 55024 :1998 + A1: 2001 + A2: 2003
Information Technology Equipment - Immunity
Characteristics
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,
control, and laboratory use
– Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0
Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and
requirements
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Application of Council Directive(s): 1999/5/EC – The R&TTE Directive
And their amendments
Manufacturer’s Name and Address:
400 Godin Avenue Winchester House
Quebec City, Quebec School Lane, Chandlers Ford
G1M 2K2, CANADA SO53 4DG, UK
Tel.: +1 418 683-0211 Tel.: +44 2380 246 800
Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Basic
Trade Name/Model No.: Ethernet Loopback Device / ETS-1000G
Standard(s) to which Conformity is declared:
2011/65/UE – Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS)
EXFO Inc. EXFO Europe Ltd.
— Limits and methods of measurement
- Limits and Methods of Measurements
Certification Information
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer ix
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer:
Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Vice-President Research and Development
400 Godin Avenue,
Quebec City, Quebec
G1M 2K2 CANADA
January 21, 2013
Page 1 of 1
1 Introducing the ETS-1000G
The analyzer ETS-1000G (hereinafter referred to as the device, the tester) is
designed for analyzing and performing diagnostic tests of equipment in the
Ethernet networks. It supports all data transfer rates from 10 Mbps to
10 Gbps.
Scope of use
Certification of channels and fault diagnostics in the networks that use
the Ethernet technology with rates 10/100/1000 Mbps and 10 Gbps.
Checking the quality of provided services for conformance to the
Service Level Agreement (SLA) (for Voice-over-IP (VoIP) and
Video-over-IP services).
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 1
Introducing the ETS-1000G
Scope of use
Key Features and Benefits
Interfaces:
10G Ethernet: SFP+;
1G Ethernet: SFP (1000BaseX) / RJ-45 (10/100/1000BaseT);
LAN 10/100 BASE-T;
USB 1.1/2.0.
2 ETS-1000G
Introducing the ETS-1000G
Scope of use
Testing in compliance with RFC 2544:
throughput,
latency,
frame loss rate,
limit load.
Measurement of the bit error rate (BERT) on the physical layer, the data
link layer, the network layer and the transport layer using standard and
user-defined sequences.
Support for Q-in-Q (VLAN Stacking): double encapsulation with an
option to insert up to 3 VLAN tags. An option to set a VLAN priority, a
VLAN ID.
Support for multi-protocol label switching: an option to insert up to 3
MPLS labels.
Setting up a loopback on the physical, data link, network and transport
layers.
Intelligent device search mode: detecting other ETS-1000G devices in
the network and subsequently enabling the Loopback mode on them
for the data link, network or transport layer using the OAM protocol.
Generating and analyzing several data streams to check the operability
and the Quality of Service (QoS) of different services.
Managing the device over TELNET.
Displaying test results through the WWW interface.
Packet jitter measurement.
Gathering and displaying statistics of the traffic being received and
transmitted on the physical, data link and network layers in
compliance with RFC 2819[4].
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 3
Introducing the ETS-1000G
Conventions
Conventions
Before using the product described in this guide, you should understand
the following conventions:
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
may result in minor or moderate injury. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
may result in component damage. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
WARNING
CAUTION
CAUTION
IMPORTANT
Refers to information about this product you should not overlook.
4 ETS-1000G
Introducing the ETS-1000G
Supply Kit
Supply Kit
The supply kit consists of the following:
Name Quantity
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer ETS-1000G 1
Pulsed power supply unit with connecting cable 1
PC connecting cable 2
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 5
2 Safety Information
Before working with analyzer ETS-1000G carefully read this operations
manual, the purpose of the keyboard, external connectors and parts tester.
Laser Safety Warnings
WARNING
When the LASER LED is on or flashing, the ETS-1000G is
transmitting an optical signal.
WARNING
Do not install or terminate fibres while a laser source is active.
Never look directly into a live fibre, and ensure that your eyes are
protected at all times.
WARNING
This product may employ a Class 1M SFP or SFP+. Check pluggable
transceiver label for laser classification.
WARNING
Use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye
hazard.
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 7
Safety Information
Installation Instruction Warnings
Installation Instruction Warnings
This unit is designed for indoor use only.
No user serviceable parts are contained inside. Contact the
manufacturer regarding service of this equipment.
All electrical interfaces are SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) circuitry
intended for intra-building use only.
All wiring and installation must be in accordance with local building
and electrical codes acceptable to the authorities in the countries
where the equipment is installed and used.
CAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTION
IMPORTANT
CAUTION
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Sensitive Equipment:
Plug-in modules can be damaged by static electrical discharge. To
minimize the risk of damage, dissipate static electricity by touching
a grounded unpainted metal object
before removing, inserting, or handling the module.
before connecting or disconnecting cables to/from the module.
before inserting or removing SFP/SFP+ to/from the module.
8 ETS-1000G
3 Device Description
Status Bar
Display
Keyboard
Power On/Off
Indicator
On/Off Button
Status LEDs
The parts of the device are explained in the sections that follow.
Front Panel
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 9
Device Description
Keyboard
Keyboard
Icon Description
On/Off
To switch the device on or off, press and hold the key for
2-3 s.
Main menu
The key for returning to the main menu from any submenu.
Enter
When a menu item is selected, pressing the key opens the
respective menu.
When a menu item that provides for inputting parameter
values is selected, pressing the key enables the data input
mode. To confirm input data and exit the data input mode,
press the key repeatedly.
Cancel/Escape
The key is used for returning to the previous menu or canceling data input in the data input mode.
Laser
After pressing the key, the prompt to switch the laser on
appears on the screen (if the laser is disabled). If a user
presses (Yes), the laser will be enabled and the Laser
LED will be lit red (refer to LEDs on page 11). To disable
the laser, press again. Depending on the 10G or 1G
mode SFP+ or SFP laser is turned on.
10 ETS-1000G
Function keys
Cursor keys
Icon Description
Device Description
LEDs
Numeric, character and symbol keys.
Digits, letters and characters that can be input using the numeric
keyboard.
LEDs
LED Color State Description
10G, 1st LED Green LED is
constantly on.
Red LED is
constantly on.
— LED is off. Interface is disabled.
10G, 2nd LED Green LED is flashing
or constantly
on.
A connection to the 10G
equipment being tested is
established.
No connection.
Packet traffic is being
transmitted over 10G
interface.
— LED is off. Packet traffic is not being
transmitted.
10G, 3rd LED Green LED is flashing
or constantly
on.
— LED is off. Packet traffic is not being
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 11
Packet traffic is being
received on 10G interface.
received.
Device Description
LEDs
LED Color State Description
1G, 1st LED Green LED is
constantly on.
Red LED is
constantly on.
—
LED is off. Interface is disabled.
1G, 2nd LED Green LED is flashing
or constantly
on.
— LED is off. Packet traffic is not being
1G, 3rd LED Green LED is flashing
or constantly
on.
— LED is off. Packet traffic is not being
Test Gre en LE D is
constantly on.
Green LED is flashing. The Loopback mode is
A connection to the 1G
equipment being tested is
established.
No connection.
Packet traffic is being
transmitted over 1G
interface.
transmitted.
Packet traffic is being
received on 1G interface.
received.
A test is being performed.
enabled.
— LED is off. The Loopback mode is
disabled; testing is not
performed.
Laser Red LED is
Laser is enabled (SFP/SFP+).
constantly on.
12 ETS-1000G
Device Description
The LED which is located at the bottom of the device's clipboard is lit when
the external power supply is connected:
Green - batteries are charged,
Green (flashing) - batteries are being charged,
Green (blinking) - the device's SW versions are being updated.
Status Bar
The status bar contains data about the following parameters (from left to
right):
Battery charge level,
Data rate (“- - -” indicates that a connection to the equipment being
tested is not established),
SFP/SFP+ module type,
Test being conducted (“—” indicates that testing is not being
performed at the moment),
Status Bar
Rx signal power level (10G, SFP+),
Current time.
The tests being performed are indicated in the status bar using
abbreviations:
Abbreviation Expansion
THR (throughput) Throughput analysis.
LAT (latency) Latency analysis.
FRL (frame loss) Frame loss analysis.
BTB (back-to-back) Back to back analysis.
LB1 (loopback layer 1) Loopback on the physical (first) layer.
LB2 (loopback layer 2) Loopback on the data link (second) layer.
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 13
Device Description
External Connectors
Abbreviation Expansion
LB3 (loopback layer 3) Loopback on the network (third) layer.
LB4 (loopback layer 4) Loopback on the transport (fourth) layer.
BER (bit error rate test) Determining the bit error rate.
PJ (packet jitter) Determining the packet jitter.
GEN (generate) Generating test traffic.
J+G (jitter + generate) The functions of determining the packet jitter and
generating test traffic are started on the same port.
CTR (complex traffic) Generating/receiving complex traffic.
External Connectors
The layout of external connectors on the top and side panels of the device
is shown in following figures
14 ETS-1000G
Device Description
1
Control Menu Structure
The digit 1 in the above figure specifies the reset button.
Marking Description
10G Connecting the SFP+ module
1G RJ-45 connectors to connect to the tested network or
equipment (supported rates 10/100/1000 Mbps)
Port of the device contains 2 connectors — RJ-45 and SFP.
During the test only one connector of the port is used.
SFP-module connectors
LAN Remote control of the tester
USB Connecting to a PC via the USB interface
DC IN External power unit connector
Control Menu Structure
The main menu of the ETS-1000G device consists of three submenus
(hereinafter referred to as menus). To switch between them, use the
following keys: (ETS-1000G Setup), (ETS-1000G Tools),
(ETS-1000G Tests).
1. ETS-1000G Setup.
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 15
Device Description
Control Menu Structure
16 ETS-1000G
2. ETS-1000G Tools.
3.
ETS-1000G Tests.
Device Description
Control Menu Structure
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 17
4 RFC 2544
RFC 2544 methodology define a set of tests which are used for evaluating
key features of network devices and checking conformance of the services
being rendered to the specifications stipulated in SLA between
telecommunications operators and clients.
Owing to an opportunity of making an analysis of throughput, latency,
frame loss rate and limit load, these methods are currently are a de facto
standard for evaluating the performance of Ethernet-based networks.
ETS-1000G allows performing four standard tests in compliance with RFC
2544.
Throughput Analysis
Note: An analysis of throughput is performed for determining the maximum
possible switching speed for network elements in transport Ethernet-based
networks.
Throughput is the maximum data rate at which the quantity of frames
1
that
have been transferred via DUT is equal to the quantity of frames that have
been sent to it from the test equipment. During an analysis of throughput, a
number of packets are sent to the DUT input with the minimum interframe
2
gap
. Then the quantity of packets that have been received from the output
port of DUT is calculated. If it is less than the quantity of transmitted
packets, the interframe gap will be increased and the test will be repeated.
The binary search method is used for determining throughput.
1
The terms a frame and a packet are used in descriptions as synonyms.
2
Hereinafter it is assumed that the tester automatically executes all the operations under consideration.
10 Gigabit Ethernet Analyzer 19
RFC 2544
Latency Analysis
Latency Analysis
Note: An analysis of latency is used for evaluating the time it takes a frame to be
transferred from the source to the destination and back to the source
element. A variable latency value may cause problems in the operation of
real-time services.
During an analysis of latency, the throughput of DUT is determined first.
Then a frame ow is sent to the destination for each packet size determined
by RFC 2544 at the flow data rate corresponding to it. After a while a label
of the specific format is inserted into one packet. A Ta value (the time by
which the labeled packet has been completely transmitted) is recorded on
the transmitting side. On the receiving side the label is identified and a Tb
value (the time when the labeled packet was received) is recorded.
A latency is a difference (Tb - Ta). The analysis results are used for
calculating an average latency.
20 ETS-1000G
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