Datasheet SA9109BFA Datasheet (SAMES)

sames

MONOCHIP SINGLE PHASE BIDIRECTIONAL

KILOWATT HOUR METERING IC

FEATURES

n Performs bidirectional energy meter-

ing and directly drives a LCD with 7
digits display plus announciators

n Programable method of energy addi-

tion

n Pin compatible with SAMES SA9109A
n 4 externally selectable on-chip tariff

registers

n An additional total energy register
n Meets the IEC 521/1036 Specification

requirements for Class 1 AC Watt hour
meters

DESCRIPTION

The SAMES SA9109B Single Phase bidi­rectional energy metering integrated cir­cuit has an integrated Liquid Crystal Dis­play (LCD) driver for a 7 digit (7 segment)
display as well as 4 multiple tariff registers.
The SA9109B performs the active power
calculation.

The method of calculation takes the power
factor into account.

Two methods of energy measurement are
available. One method results in energy
values which take the direction of energy
flow into account, a summation of signed
integers. The alternative method meas­ures energy regardless of the direction of
energy flow, a summation of absolute
values. The required measurement
method may be selected when writing to
the RAM of the device.

SA9109B

n Optical interface for electronic reading

according to IEC1107 Mode D

n Pulse output for calibration
n Power consumption rating below 40mW
n Adaptable to different types of current

sensors

n Operates over a wide temperature

range

n Precision voltage reference on-chip
n Protected against ESD

PIN CONNECTIONS

PCLK
PDTA
PGM
PB
SR[0]
SR[1]
VBA
V

SS
CIP
CIN
COP

DR -0125 2

OSC2

S[13]

SDO

OSC1

38

39

37 3536

40
41
42
43
44
1
2
3
4
5
6

10911

IIN

IVN87CON

IIP

S[8]

S[11]

S[10]

S[9]

S[12]

34

12

VREF

GND

S[6]

S[7]

30

313233

29

28

S[5]

27

S[4]

26

S[3]

25

S[2]

24

S[1]

23

S[0]

22

COFF

21

R[3]

20

R[2]

19

R[1]

18

R[0]

16

151413

17

DD

CPIP

CPON

V

CPOP

CPIN

Package: PLCC-44

4482 PDS039-SA9109B-001 REV. B 13-06-1997

1/16

SA9109B

DESCRIPTION (continued)

The measured energy is displayed in kiloWatt hours (kWh). The SA9109B is capable
of driving a display having a resolution of 1/10 kWh.

This innovative universal energy metering integrated circuit is ideally suited for energy
measurement in single phase systems.

The SA9109B integrated circuit is available in a 44 pin plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC-

44) package type.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

V

V

VBA

SD0

R[0]

SS

DDR[3]R[1] R[2]

CIN
CIP
CON
COP

IVN
GND

IIP
IIN

CPOP
CPON
CPIN

VREF

DR -01253

ANALO G

SIGNAL

PRO-

CESSING

REF

INTERFACE

REGISTERS

G E NE RAT IO N

T I M ING & CONTRO L

PGM

SERIAL

OUT

TARIFF

INTEGRAT.

&

PULSE

RATE

PDTAPB

LCD

CONT ROL

SR[1]SR[0]PCLK

OSC

S[0]
S[1]
S[2]
S[3]
S[4]
S[5]
S[6]
S[7]
S[8]
S[9]
S[10]
S[11]
S[12]

S[13]
COFF

OSCI
OSC2

2/18

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SA9109B

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Parameter Symbol Min Max Unit

Supply Voltage VDD -V
Current on any pin I
Storage Temperature T
Operating Temperature T

PIN

STG

O

SS

-0.3 6.0 V

-150 +150 mA

-40 +125 °C

-40 +85 °C

* Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause perma-

nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the
device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operational
sections of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Ratings
for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(V

= 2.5V, VSS = -2.5V, over the temperature range -10°C to +70°C#, unless otherwise

DD

specified.)

Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Condition

Operating temperature
range # T
Supply Voltage: Positive V
Supply Voltage: Negative V
Supply Current: Positive I
Supply Current: Negative I

DD

SS

DD

SS

-25 +85 °C

o

2.25 2.75 V

-2.75 -2.25 V
710mA
710mA

Current Sensor Inputs (Differential)
Input Current Range I

-25 +25 µA

II

Voltage Sensor Inputs (Asymmetric)
Input current Range I

LCD backplane Voltage V

LCD segment Voltage V

IV

-25 +25 µA

B

S

VDD &

V

1/3V
2/3V

SS

DD
DD

V R[0] ... R3]

S[0] ...S[15]

V

Pin SDO

Pulse rate f

Pulse width t
Output Low Voltage V
Output High Voltage V

P

3.5 Hz Default
35 Hz Programmed

4.3 5.9 mS

p

OL

VDD-1 V IOH = -2mA

OH

VSS+1 V IOL = 5mA

1

1

Oscillator Recommended crystal:

TV colour burst crystal f = 3.5795 MHz

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3/18

SA9109B

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Condition

Pin VREF With R7 = 24kΩ
Ref. Current -I
Ref. Voltage V

R
R

45 50 55 µA connected to V

1.1 1.3 V Referred to V

Pins PB, SR[0], SR[1],
PGM

Input Voltage High V
Input Voltage Low V

IH

IL

Pullup Current 30 µA VIN = V

4V

1V

SS

Pin PCLK

Input Voltage High V
Input Voltage Low V

IH

IL

Input Current High/ ±30 µA VIN=VSS..V

4V

1V

DD

Low

Pin VBA I

#

Extended Operating Temperature Range available on request

V

MAX

MIN

1.1 5.5 V mode

50 nA Power down

Note 1: At rated conditions

SS

SS

PIN DESCRIPTION

Pin Designation Type Description

11 GND Supply Ground
17 V

DD

3VSSSupply Negative Supply Voltage sense
2 VBA Supply Battery back-up. Negative Supply Voltage
8 IVN Analog in Analog input for Voltage

10 IIN Analog in Analog input for Current

9 IIP Analog in
38 OSC1 Input Connections for crystal or ceramic resonator
37 OSC2 Output (OSC1 = Input; OSC2 = Output)
18 R[0] Output Liquid crystal display (LCD) backplane drivers
19 R[1] Output
20 R[2] Output
21 R[3] Output

4/18

Supply Positive Supply Voltage sense

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SA9109B

PIN DESCRIPTION (continued)

Pin Designation Type Description

23 S[0] Output Liquid crystal display (LCD) segment drivers
24 S[1] Output
25 S[2] Output
26 S[3] Output
27 S[4] Output
28 S[5] Output
29 S[6] Output
30 S[7] Output
31 S[8] Output
32 S[9] Output
33 S[10] Output
34 S[11] Output
35 S[12] Output
36 S[13] Output
22 COFF Output Connection for all unused LCD segments, to ensure

off status
7 CON Analog Connections for outer loop capacitor of A/D
6 COP Analog converter (Current)
5 CIN Analog Connections for inner loop capacitor of A/D
4 CIP Analog converter (Current)

16 CPIP Analog Connections for inner loop capacitor of A/D
15 CPIN Analog converter (Voltage)
14 CPOP Analog Connections for outer loop capacitor of A/D
13 CPON Analog converter (Voltage)
12 VREF Analog Connection for reference current setting resistor
39 SDO Open drain Pulse rate output. Serial data output when PB is low
44 SR[0] Input Control for tariff register selection (on-chip pull-up)

1 SR[1] Input Control for tariff register selection (on-chip pull-up)

43 PB Input Push Button: Display select/start serial data

transmission on SDO (on-chip pull-up)

42 PGM Input Programming Mode. It is recommended that pin PGM be

connected to V

transients or noise

41 PDTA Input Programming Data (on-chip pull-down)
40 PCLK Input Programming Clock

via a 470Ω resistor to guard against

DD

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5/18

SA9109B

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The SA9109B is a CMOS mixed signal Analog/Digital integrated circuit, which performs
power calculations across a power range of 1000:1, to an overall accurancy of better than
Class 1. An on-chip LCD driver directly drives a 7 digit (7 segment) LCD display. Also
included on-chip, are 4 tariff registers externally selectable for multi-tariff energy metering
applications and a fifth register which retains the total energy consumption.

The integrated circuit includes all the required functions such as two oversampling A/D
converters for the voltage and current sense inputs, power calculation and energy
integration. Offset is eliminated through the use of internal cancellation procedures.

1. Power Calculation

In the Application Circuit (Figure 1), the voltage drop across the shunt will be
between 0 and 16mV
is converted to a current of between 0 and 16µA

(0 to 80A through a shunt resistor of 200µΩ). This voltage

RMS

, by means of resistors R1 and

RMS

R2.
The current sense input saturates at an input current of ±25µA peak.
The voltage level from the mains is divided down through a divider to 14V.This

voltage is converted to a signal current of 14µA

into the voltage sensor input.

RMS

A pulse rate output for calibration purposes is available on SDO (Pin 39), the pulse
rate being proportional to the active energy consumption.

The integrated anti-creep function ensures no metering when no line current is
present.

2. Analog Input Configuration

The input circuitry of the current and voltage sensor inputs are illustrated below.
These inputs are protected against electrostatic discharge through clamping

diodes.
The feedback loops from the outputs of the amplifiers AI and AV generate virtual

shorts on the signal inputs. Exact duplications of the input currents are generated
for the analog signal processing circuitry.

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IIN

CURRENT
SENSOR
INP U TS

IIP

IV N

SA9109B

V

DD

V

SS

V

DD

V

SS

V

DD

A

I

VOLTAGE
SENSOR
INP U T

DR-01254

V

SS

GND

A

V

3. LCD Driver

The SA9109B has an on-chip LCD driver capable of driving a 4 backplane, 7 digit
(7 segment) display, as well as 6 announciators.

The backplane repetition frequency is approximately 90Hz.
The most significant digit is addressed by columns S[13] and S[12] and the least

significant digit by S[1] and S[0]. Announciators for the 4 tariff registers, the total
register and energy direction are available on the `h' segment of the 6 least
significant digits. The display segments are addressed via the column outputs given
in the table below:

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7/18

SA9109B

LCD Segment Address Table

Digit Column R[0] R[1] R[2] R[3]

-1

10

S[0] Total c b a

LSD S[1] d e g f

0

10

S[2] T4 c b a
S[3] d e g f

1

10

S[4] T3 c b a
S[5] d e g f

2

10

S[6] T2 c b a
S[7] d e g f

3

10

S[8] T1 c b a
S[9] d e g f

4

10

S[10] Dir c b a
S[11] d e g f

5

10

S[12] h c b a

MSD S[13] d e g f

LCD Layout

The LCD display is given in the diagram below:

8/18

4

f

..

g

ec

b

h

d

S[ 12]S[ 13]

DR-01255

sames

6

.

T4

S[3]

COLUMNS

.

S[2]

.

TOTAL

S[1]

R[3]

7

.

R[2]
R[1]

R[0]

BACKPLANES

S[0]

The kWh values of the LCD display digits, are given in the table below. The
resolution of the Least Significant Digit is normally programmed to 0.1kWh:

10510410310210110010

-1

kWh

4. Device Programming

The SA9109B contains on-chip registers which enables the meter manufacturer to
store various data:

Slope Adjustment

The slope of the device may be adjusted by programming a slope constant (KS) into
the device during calibration. The output frequency at SDO (fP) is calculated by
means of the following formula:

fP = 11.16

FOSC * II .IV * 40062.5

*

3.5795MHz I

2

R

K

S

Where

FOSC = Oscillator frequency (2MHz ...... 4MHz)

I

I

I

V

I

R

K

S

= Input current for current sensor input (16µA at rated line current)
= Input current for voltage sensor input (14µA at rated line voltage)
= Reference current (typically 50µA)
= Slope constant (1025 ... 16384))

(The default value is 11389)

SA9109B

By changing the slope of the device the resolution of the LCD, together with the
pulse rate on SDO may be changed by up to an order. The block diagram below
illustrates the display update rate.

Programmable slope divider

40062.5*

Pulses / s

D R -01256

1 / K

s

1 / 64

Display

Incr em ent

f

p

* At rated conditions
The display is incremented after every 64th pulse on SDO.

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9/18

SA9109B

Display resolution

From the above formula for fP it can be derived that the slope constant, Ks, is given
by the following expression:

626 * 3600 * 1000 * E

KS =

VL * I

L

kWL

Where

E

kWh

V

L

I

L

= energy for 1 display increment in kWh
= rated line voltage
= rated line current

This formula is valid only if 16µA
current (IL) and 14µA

flows into the voltage sense input for rated line voltage (VL).

RMS

flows into the current sense input for rated line

RMS

Offset Adjustment

The precision of this device does not require any offset adjustment for Class 1
metering. This facility has been provided to compensate for poor PCB layout or
circumstances requiring precision well beyond a Class 1 rating.

The offset of the device may be adjusted by programming a different offset into the
device during calibration. To calculate the offset the following procedure should be
followed:

Measure the linearity error at the current where offset correction is needed.

IM * E

KO =

IR * 6 * 10

RR

-6

Where IM= Measured current on the current sensor

IR= Rated current on the current sensor
ERR= Error ratio between the device and the Wh standard
KO= Offset constant (-127 ...127)

(The default value is 0)

Note that KO must be programmed as a integer value.

Meter/Manufacturers Identification Data

A total of eleven 4 bit words are available to store relevant data such as the meter
and manufacturer identification codes. For the optical interface protocol, the 4-bit
words are converted to 8-bit words (ASCII-format).

Writing to RAM

The memory is configured as ten 32 bit words. The programming data must be
written to the device as a bitstream containing a total of 320 bits. ROM-locations
will not be overwritten.

10/18

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SA9109B

Word Bit Function Description

number number

1 31..28 Sign of Register 1 A '0' indicates a negative register value
1 27..0 Register 1 Contents of register 1 in binary coded decimal
2 31..28 Sign of Register 2 A '0' indicates a negative register value
2 27..0 Register 2 Contents of register 2 in binary coded decimal
3 31..28 Sign of Register 3 A '0' indicates a negative register value
3 27..0 Register 3 Contents of register 3 in binary coded decimal
4 31..28 Sign of Register 4 A '0' indicates a negative register value
4 27..0 Register 4 Contents of register 4 in binary coded decimal
5 31..28 Sign of Register A '0' indicates a negative register value

'Total'

5 27..0 Register 'Total' Registers 1, 2,3 and 4 are added and stored in the

register 'Total'
6 31..16 ROM Don't care
6 15..0 Manufacturers 16 bits are available for the manufacturer of the

Identification metering system as a system identification
7 31..28 ROM Don't care
7 27..0 System 28 bits are available for the manufacturer of the

Identification metering system as a system identification
8 31..0 ROM Don't care

9 31 Programmed Programmed slope select bit must be set if the

slope select default slope in ROM is not used
9 30..26 ROM Don't care
9 25 Summation 0 to select addition which takes direction of

method select energy flow into account

1 to select addition which does not take direction

of energy flow into account
9 24..22 SAMES defined Bits must be set to 0 for correct functionality
9 21 Sign of offset By setting the sign bit a negative value is indi-

cated
9 20..14 Offset Offset of the device in binary
9 13..0 Slope Slope of the device in binary. (default = 11389)

10 31..0 ROM Don't care

The first bit of the programming data is written to word number 1, bit 31. The last
bit is written to word number 10, bit 0.

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11/18

SA9109B

Programming procedure:

PGM

PCLK

PDTA
BIT-N0

W ORD-NO

DR-01257

31 30
11

29
1

28 27

1

1

26 25

24
111

023

1

10

The PGM pin is pulled low and the PCLK pin should be clocked with an external
clock. The programming data on the PDTA pin must be stable during the rising edge
of the clock signal on PCLK.

The clock signal on PCLK should not exceed 200 kHz and does not have to be
synchronised with the oscillator frequency (FOSC).

Programming mode is interrupted if PGM goes high.

Memory Reset

In programming mode (while PGM is pulled low) if PCLK is left floating and
PDTA = 0, the internal clock of the SA9109B will ensure that default values are set.
For default conditions all of the RAM locations are set to 0 and the value of the slope
is set to 11389.

The minimum time period for a complete reset cycle is determined by:

t

= 322 *

min

64

FOSC

Where FOSC = Oscillator frequency (2MHz......4MHz)

If the recommended crystal frequency of 3.5795MHz is used, this will result in a
minimum reset time of 5.8ms.

The specified signal levels on pins PGM, PCLK and PDTA must remain stable for
the entire reset cycle period.

12/18

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5. Tariff Registers

A multiple tariff facility is provided on-chip by means of 4 tariff registers, which are
externally selectable via the SR[0] and SR[1] inputs. The registers may be selected
by programming the SR[0] and SR[1] inputs as follows:

SR[1] SR[0] Register

0 0 Register 1
0 1 Register 2
1 0 Register 3
1 1 Register 4

The 4 Tariff registers and Total register may be sequentially displayed by activating
the Push Button (PB). The minimum push button make time is 5ms. The contents
of the register selected for display is retained on the display for a period of 10
seconds, provided that the push button is not activated during this period. After the
10 seconds has elapsed, the display defaults to the "active" register defined by the
status of the SR[0] and SR[1] inputs.

The register selected for display via the push button (PB) is indicated by the
relevant announciators.

6. Optical Interface

The SA9109B device contains an interface for automatic meter reading, according
to the IEC1107 Mode D standard. The IEC1107 Mode D is a single baud rate of

2400. For the optical interface protocol, the 4-bit words are converted to 8-bit words
(ASCII-format).

After initiation of a serial transmission by pulling PB (pin 34) low, the data format
transmitted on SDO is given below:

SA9109B

Code Description

/ Start transmission
XXX ID
3 Baud rate identification
YYYYYYYY ID
<cr><lf><cr><lf> Data header
0(nnnnnnnn) Data of Reg. 1 (sign, 10e5, 10e4 ...10e0, 10e-1)
1(nnnnnnnn) Data of Reg. 2
2(nnnnnnnn) Data of Reg. 3
3(nnnnnnnn) Data of Reg. 4
4(nnnnnnnn) Data of Reg. 'Total' = Sum of registers 0 to 3
!<cr><lf><cr><lf> End transmission

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SA9109B

7. Power Failure/Battery Backup

A battery backup facility is available on VBA. This feature is provided to ensure
retention of the information stored in the registers, in case of power breaks.

The VSS supply to the analog circuitry and digital circuitry of this device has been
separated. In the event of a power failure, the supply to the analog circuitry falls
to 0V. The digital circuitry is switched to a power down mode, to minimise the supply
current from an external battery backup. During this procedure, the following
events take place:

• All inputs are disabled

• All outputs are placed in high impedance mode

• The oscillator is inhibited

• The LCD driver is disabled

• The contents of the RAM is retained by means of an external power source.

8. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

The SA9109B integrated circuits inputs/outputs are protected against ESD.

9. Power Consumption

The power consumption rating of the SA9109B integrated circuit is less than 40mW.

TYPICAL APPLICATION

In the Application Circuit (Figure 1), the components required for a single phase power
metering application are shown.

In Figure 1 a shunt resistor is used for current sensing. In the application, the circuitry
requires a +2.5V, 0V, -2.5V DC supply.

The most important external components for the SA9109B integrated circuit are:
C1 and C2 are the outer loop capacitors for the two integrated oversampling A/D

converters. The value of these capacitors is 560pF.

The actual values determine signal to noise and stability performance. The tolerances
should be within ±10%.

C3 and C4 are the inner loop capacitors of the A/D converters. The optimum value is

3.3nF. The actual values are uncritical. Values smaller than 0.5nF and larger than 5nF
should be avoided.

R1, R2 and RSH are the resistors defining the current level into the current sense input.
The values should be selected for an input current of 16µA

into the SA9109A, at

RMS

maximum line current.
R1 = R2 =

Where I

IL

16µA

RMS

L

R

SH

*

2

= Line current

RSH = Shunt resistor

14/18

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SA9109B

R3, R6 and R4 set the current for the voltage sense input. The values should be selected
so that the input current into the voltage sense input (virtual ground) is set to 14µA

RMS

R7 defines all on-chip bias and reference currents. With R7 = 24kΩ, optimum conditions
are set. R7 may be varied within ±10% for calibration purposes. Any change to R7 will
affect the energy calculation quadratically.

XTAL is a colour burst TV crystal (f = 3.5795MHz) for the oscillator. The oscillator
frequency is divided down to 1.7897MHz on-chip to supply the digital circuitry and the
A/D converters.

Figure 1: Application Circuit using a Shunt Resistor for Current Sensing.

.

+2.5V

-2 .5 V

LOA D

SU PPL Y

R10

R11

RSH

R3

R1

R2

C9

C10

0V

R6

0V

C5

C7

R4

R7

C2

C1
C3

DR-01258

C6

6

7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

BAT

D1

D2

C4

4

5

2

3

IC - I

SA9109B

20

1918

R8

T ARIFF SELECT

DIS PLAY
SELEC T

4142144 43 40

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29

2827262524232221

R1 2

-2 .5 V

R9

XTA L

. .

. . . .

. . . . . . . .

N EGATIVE T1 T2 T 3 T4 TOTA L

PG M
PDTA
PCLK

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15/18

SA9109B

Parts List for Application Circuit: Figure 1

Item Symbol Description Detail

1 IC-1 SA9109B PLCC-44
2 XTAL Crystal 3.5795 MHz Colour burst TV
3 R1 Resistor, 1% metal Note 1
4 R2 Resistor, 1% metal Note 1
5 R3 Resistor, 390k, 1%, metal Note 2
6 R4 Resistor, 1M, 1%, metal Note 2
7 R6 Resistor, 24k, 1%, metal Note 2
8 R7 Resistor, 24k, 1% metal

9 R8 Resistor, 2M, 1%, metal
10 R9 Resistor, 820Ω, 1%, metal
11 R10 Resistor, 830 Ω, 1%, metal
12 R11 Resistor, 820 Ω, 1%, metal
13 R12 Resistor, 470Ω
14 RSH Shunt resistor Note 3
15 C1 Capacitor, 560pF
16 C2 Capacitor, 560pF
17 C3 Capacitor, 3.3nF
18 C4 Capacitor, 3.3nF
19 C5 Capacitor, 1µF
20 C6 Capacitor, 100nF
21 C7 Capacitor, 820nF Note 4
22 C9 Capacitor, 100nF
23 C10 Capacitor, 100nF
24 BAT Battery (1.2V)
25 LED Light emitting diode
26 D1 Diode, Shottkey
27 D2 Diode, 1N4148
28 PB Push button
29 DIPSW DIP switch, 2 poles

Note 1: Resistor (R1 and R2) values are dependant upon the selected value of RSH.
Note 2: Resistor (R3, R4 and R6) values are dependant upon the rated mains voltage

(230V in this case).
Note 3: See TYPICAL APPLICATIONS when selecting the value of RSH.
Note 4: Capacitor (C7) to be positioned as close as possible to VDD & VSS of IC-1.

16/18

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ORDERING INFORMATION

Part Number Package

SA9109BFA PLCC-44

SA9109B

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17/18

SA9109B

Disclaimer: The information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary to South African Micro-

Electronic Systems (Pty) Ltd ("SAMES") and may not be copied or disclosed to a third party, in whole or in part,
without the express written consent of SAMES. The information contained herein is current as of the date of
publication; however, delivery of this document shall not under any circumstances create any implication that the
information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date. SAMES does not undertake to
inform any recipient of this document of any changes in the information contained herein, and SAMES expressly
reserves the right to make changes in such information, without notification,even if such changes would render
information contained herein inaccurate or incomplete. SAMES makes no representation or warranty that any
circuit designed by reference to the information contained herein, will function without errors and as intended by
the designer.

Any sales or technical questions may be posted to our e-mail address below:
[e-mail]

For the latest updates on datasheets, please visit our web site:
http://www.sames.co.za

South African Micro-Electronic Systems (Pty) Ltd

P O Box 15888, 33 Eland Street,
Lynn East, Koedoespoort Industrial Area,
0039 Pretoria,
Republic of South Africa, Republic of South Africa

Tel: [phone] Tel: Int [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: Int [phone]

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