Brother PT-P900W, PT-P950NW Software Developer's Manual ESC/P Command Reference

Software Developer's Manual

ESC/P Command Reference

PT-P900W/P950NW

Version 1.02

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Note

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PT-P9XX (where “P9XX” is the model name).

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ESC/P Command Reference

Contents

Introduction ····························································································1
What is ESC/P? ·······················································································2

1. Using ESC/P Commands ······································································3

2. Examples of Using ESC/P Commands ···················································5

3. ESC/P Command Limitations ······························································ 10

3.1 Print area........................................................................................................................ 10

3.2 Characters ..................................................................................................................... 11

3.2.1 Character sizes ............................................................................................. 11

3.3 Print position................................................................................................................. 12

3.3.1 Characters ..................................................................................................... 12

3.3.2 Bitmaps, barcodes and do wnloaded images............................................... 12

3.4 Line feed amount .......................................................................................................... 13

4. Control Code List··············································································· 14

5. Control Command Details··································································· 17

5.1 Character/style selection commands........................................................................ 17

ESC R Select international character set ..................................................... 17

ESC k Select font .......................................................................................... 18

ESC t Select character code table .............................................................. 19

5.2 Text printing commands.............................................................................................. 20

ESC 4 Apply italic style ................................................................................. 20

ESC 5 Cancel italic style ............................................................................... 20

ESC E Apply bo ld style ................................................................................. 21

ESC F Cancel bold style ............................................................................... 21

ESC G Apply double-strike printing............................................................... 22

ESC H Cancel double-strike printing ............................................................ 22

ESC W Specify double-width characters ....................................................... 23

SI Specify compressed characters........................................................ 24

ESC SI Specify compressed characters........................................................ 24

DC2 Cancel compressed characters ........................................................ 24

ESC – Apply/cancel underlining ................................................................... 25

ESC ! Global formatting ............................................................................... 26

ESC X Specify character size ....................................................................... 27

ESC if Apply/cancel a frame ......................................................................... 28

CAN Clear text ............................................................................................ 28

DEL Delete one character ......................................................................... 29

ESC CR Not available .................................................................................... 29

5.3 Line feed commands.................................................................................................... 30

ESC 0 Specify line feed of 1/8 inch .............................................................. 30

ESC 2 Specify line feed of 1/6 inch .............................................................. 30

ESC 3 Specify line feed of n/180 inch .......................................................... 31

ESC A Specify line feed of n/60 inch ............................................................ 31

5.4 Horizontal movement commands .............................................................................. 32

CR Carriage return................................................................................... 32

ESC $ Specify absolute horizontal position ................................................. 33

ESC \ Spec if y relative horizontal position ................................................... 33

ESC a Specify alignment .............................................................................. 34

5.5 Vertical movement commands ................................................................................... 35

LF Line feed ............................................................................................ 35

FF Page feed........................................................................................... 35

ESC J Forward paper feed ........................................................................... 36

- i -

ESC/P Command Reference

5.6 Paper formatting commands ...................................................................................... 37

ESC il Specify label length ........................................................................... 37

ESC im Specify margin width ......................................................................... 37

5.7 Printer control commands .......................................................................................... 38

ESC @ Initialize .............................................................................................. 38

5.8 Graphics commands .................................................................................................... 40

ESC * Select bit image ................................................................................. 40

ESC K 8-dot single-density bit image ........................................................... 46

ESC L 8-dot double-density bit image.......................................................... 48

ESC Y 8-dot double-speed double-density bit image .................................. 49

ESC Z 8-dot quadruple-density bit image .................................................... 49

5.9 Advanced commands .................................................................................................. 51

ESC i B Barcode .............................................................................................. 51

ESC i Q 2D barcode (QR Code) ..................................................................... 55

ESC i P Specify QR Code version .................................................................. 59

ESC i V 2D barcode (PDF417) ....................................................................... 60

ESC i D 2D barcode (DataMatrix) ................................................................... 63

ESC i M 2D barcode (MaxiCode) .................................................................... 66

ESC i J 2D barcode (AztecCode) .................................................................. 68

ESC i F Print transferred data......................................................................... 70

ESC i a Switch command mode ..................................................................... 74

ESC i S Request printer status ....................................................................... 75

ESC i L Apply/cancel rotated printing ............................................................ 81

ESC i C Specify cut setting ............................................................................. 82

ESC i UB Specify baud rate ............................................................................... 83

ESC i Ub Specify bit length ............................................................................... 84

ESC i UP Specify parity setting ......................................................................... 84

ESC i UC Specify busy control .......................................................................... 85

5.10 Advanced static commands ..................................................................................... 86

ESC iXE2 Specify barcode margin setting ........................................................ 86

ESC iXE1 Retrieve barcode margin setting....................................................... 86

Appendix A: Specifications ···································································· 87
Appendix B: Character Code Tables ······················································· 88

Character code tables ........................................................................................................ 88

International character set table....................................................................................... 91

Appendix C: Introducing the Brother Developer Center ··························· 92

- ii -

ESC/P Command Reference

Introduction

This material provides the necessary information for directly controlling PT-P9XX.
This information is provided assuming that the user has full understanding of the operating system being used
and basic mastery of communication interfaces in a developer's environment.
Read the model names that appear in the screens in this manual as the name of your printer.

We accept no responsibility for any problems caused by programs that you develop using the information
provided in this material, affecting software, data or hardware, including the PT-P9XX, and any problems
resulting directly or indirectly from them. Use this material only if you accept these terms.

This material shall not be reproduced, in part or in full, without prior approval. In addition, this material shall
not be used as evidence in a lawsuit or dispute in a way that is unfavorable towards our company.

These ESC/P commands have been adapted specifically for this company.

- 1 ­Introduction

ESC/P Command Reference

What is ESC/P?

ESC/P is one type of control codes used for printers. With the codes introduced in this document, various
labels can be created and printed. In this document, ESC/P codes are provided as both ASCII and binary
codes.
When sending codes to the printer, make sure that the binary codes are used, otherwise the printer cannot
parse the codes.

- 2 -

What is ESC/P?

(1) Start ESC/P

1. Switch the command mode.

2. Initialize

- Switch command mode (ESC i a 0) Note: ESC/P mode

- Initialize (ESC @)

(2) Format settings

1. Select the orientation.

- Apply/cancel rotated printing (ESC i L)

2. Specify the line feed amount.

- Specify line feed amount (ESC 0, ESC 2, ESC 3 and ESC A)

(3) Print operations

1. Specify the print position.

- Specify vertical position (ESC J)

- Specify horizontal position (ESC $, ESC \ and ESC a)

2. Transfer the print data
(one line).

- If necessary, transfer text processing codes (see (4))

- bit images, bar codes and downloaded data (see (5))

3. End of the line.

- Feed the paper (CR and LF)

4. Repeat 1–3 above.

5. End of the page.

- Specify cut setting (ESC i C)

- Page feed (FF)

6. Repeat 1–5 above.

7. End of the document.

1. Using ESC/P Commands

Below is a description of the flow for creating documents.
Also refer to “2. Exam ples of Using ESC/P Commands”.

ESC/P Command Reference

- 3 -

1. Using ESC/P Commands

ESC/P Command Reference

(4) Text operations

1. Specify the character set.

- Select font (ESC k)

- Specify character size (ESC X)

2. Specify the character style.

- Specify character style

ESC SI, DC2, ESC - and ESC !)

3. Specify character codes.

* Repeat 1–3 above as necessary.

(5) Bit images, barcodes, and

image da ta

1. Specify bit images.

- (ESC *, ESC K, ESC L, ESC Y and ESC Z)

2. Specify barcodes.

- (ESC i B)

3. Specify 2D barcodes.

- (ESC i Q, ESC i V, ESC i D, ESC i M and ESC i J)

4. Print the downloaded data

- (ESC i F)

saved on the main unit.

- Select character code (ESC t)

- Select international character set (ESC R)

(ESC 4, ESC 5, ESC E, ESC F, ESC G, ESC H, ESC W, SI,

With transferred data, the image data must first be transferred and

- 4 -

1. Using ESC/P Commands

2. Examples of Using ESC/P Commands

Set Basic setup first.

Basic setup

Specify ESC/P command mode.

Basic set up : Specify ESC/P command mode

ESC/P Command Reference

Entered Command

ESC ia 00h

- 5 -

2. Examples of Using ESC/P Commands

This is the label that will be made.

ESC/P Command Reference

4 inches

1inch

Step 2:
Horizontal position

In order to make this label, the following four steps are required.

Step

Step 1:
Page length

Step 3:
Font type : Helsinki
(Bitmap fonts)

Step 4:
Character size :
24 points (120 dots)

1. Specify the tape length

2. Specify the horizontal position.

3. Select the font type.

4. Specify the character size.

- 6 -

2. Examples of Using ESC/P Commands

1 inch

Step 1: Specify the tape length

ESC/P Command Reference

4 inches

Step 2: Specify the horizontal position.

4 inches = 720 dots

Tape length = n1 + n2 * 256 = 720

↓ ↓

208 2

↓ ↓

D0h 02h

Entered Command

ESC il D0h 02h

1 inch = 60

Horizontal position = n1 + n2 * 256 = 60

↓ ↓

60 0

↓ ↓

3Ch 00h

- 7 -

Entered Command

ESC $ 3Ch 00h

2. Examples of Using ESC/P Commands

(Bitmap font)

Step 3: Select the font type.

ESC/P Command Reference

Font type : Helsinki

Step 4: Specify the character size.

Entered Command

ESC k 00h

Character size :
24 points (120 dots)

Entered Command

ESC X 36h

- 8 -

2. Examples of Using ESC/P Commands

Binary command: 1B 69 61 00

72 20 73 69 64 65

All commands together will make the example label shown below.

ESC/P Command Reference

Select ESC/P mode

ESC ia 00h
ESC @
ESC il D0h 02h

Initialize ESC/P mode
Binary command: 1B 40

ESC $ 3Ch 00h

4 steps explainde above

ESC k 00h
ESC X 36h
"At your side"

Text to be print
Binary command: 41 74 20 79 6F 75

FF

However, these commands should be converted to binary data before sent to the printer, as shown

below.

Here is the captured converted binary data.

Print start command
Binary command: 0C

When the printer receives above binary commands, the label shown below is printed.

- 9 -

2. Examples of Using ESC/P Commands

Width (①)

(tape width)

Printable area

Length (④) (label length)

Top margin
(

③)

Bottom
margin (③)

Right margin

(⑥)

Left margin (⑥)

②

⑤

Left/right

Max. no. of

printed lines

3. ESC/P Command Limitations

3.1 Print area

The print area for each tape width is listed below.

ESC/P Command Reference

Printable

Type

Width

Printable area

(vertical)

(mm)

(mm/dots)

Top/botto

m margins

(mm)

Length

(mm)

area

(horizontal)

margins

(mm)

Dot position

*1

mm/dots

①

② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥

36 36 32.0/454 2.00 46～499 18

24 24 22.6/320 0.71 113～432 13

18 18 16.5/234 0.75 156～389 9

12 12 10.6/150 0.71 198～247 6

9 9 7.5/106 0.76 220～325 4

6 6 4.5/64 0.74 241～304 2

3.5 3.5 2.5/36 0.74 255～290 1

HS24 23.6 18.1/256 2.9 145～400 10

HS18 17.7 15.0/212 1.4 167～378 8

HS12 11 .7 9.3/132 1.1 207～338 5

HS9 8.8 6.8/96 1.0 225～320 4

HS6 5.8 4.0/56 0.9 245～300 2

*1

The dot position for the lowest dot is specified as 1. (1～560)
The maximum length (④) is 1 m, and the minimum left and right margins (⑥) are 1 mm.
Fle label is recognized as 24mm width label.

- 10 -

3. ESC/P Command Limitations

ESC/P Command Reference

Half

Full

3.2 Characters

<Overseas>
 This system uses single-byte character codes and is installed with two bitmap fonts (Letter Gothic and

Helsinki).

 Each font has six sizes: 21 dots, 28 dots, 44 dots, 56 dots, 88 dots and 120 dots.

3.2.1 Character sizes

<Overseas>
Each font is available in full size, compressed (half width) and double width.

size

width

Double width

 Line-drawing characters (┘└ ┤─ ├ │ ┼ ┬ ┐┌) and shaded characters appear with the width of the Letter

Gothic font, regardless of the specified font setting.

- 11 -

3. ESC/P Command Limitations

ESC/P Command Reference

A

Print position

Baseline position

A

Print position

A

Baseline position

3.3 Print position

The print position is the standard position for printing characters, bitmaps and bar codes.
With the print position, there is a horizontal print position, which is the reference point for vertical position
movement.

3.3.1 Characters

Each character is arranged so that their top edge aligns with the print position.
The baseline of each character is the bottom edge of the character, regardless of size, font, etc.

All characters on the same line are printed so that the baseline position is the same for each character.
If the text consists of characters with different heights, the characters are aligned on the baseline of the tallest
character in the line of text.

In addition, underlines are printed 4 dots below the baseline position.

3.3.2 Bitmaps, barcodes and downloaded images

These types of image data are treated in the same way as characters and are printed so that the bottom edge
of the image aligns with the baseline.

A

- 12 -

3. ESC/P Command Limitations

ESC/P Command Reference

Line feed amount

3.4 Line feed amount

The line feed amount is the amount of vertical movement from the print position of one line to the print of the
next line.

ＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨ
ＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨ
ＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨＨ

The line feed amount is specified using ESC 0, ESC 2, ESC A and ESC 3.

- 13 -

3. ESC/P Command Limitations

ESC/P Command Reference

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

ESC R

1B 52

Select international character set

ESC k

1B 6B

Select font

ESC t

1B 74

Select character code table

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

ESC 4

1B 34

Apply italic style

ESC 5

1B 35

Cancel italic style

ESC E

1B 45

Apply bold style

ESC F

1B 46

Cancel bold style

ESC G

1B 47

Apply double-strike printing

ESC H

1B 48

Cancel double-strike printing

ESC W

1B 57

Specify double-width characters

SI

0F

Specify compressed characters

ESC SI

1B 0F

Specify compressed characters

DC2

12

Cancel compressed characters

ESC -

1B 2D

Apply/cancel underlining

ESC !

1B 21

Global formatting

ESC X

1B 58

Specify character size

ESC if

1B 69 66

Apply/cancel a frame (global)

CAN

18

Clear text

DEL

7F

Delete one character

ESC CR

1B 0D

Not available

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

ESC 0

1B 30

Specify line feed of 1/8 inch

ESC 2

1B 32

Specify line feed of 1/6 inch

ESC 3

1B 33

Specify minimum line feed

ESC A

1B 41

Specify line feed of n/60 inch

4. Control Code List

Character/style selection commands (Refer to section 5.1 Character/style selection commands.)

Text printing commands (Refer to section 5.2 Text printing commands)

Line feed commands (Refer to section 5.3 Line feed commands.)

- 14 -

4. Control Code List

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

CR

0D

Carriage return

ESC $

1B 24

Specify absolute horizontal position

ESC \

1B 5C

Specify relative horizontal position

ESC a

1B 61

Specify alignment

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

LF

0A

Line feed

FF

0C

Page feed

ESC J

1B 4A

Forward paper feed

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

ESC i l

1B 69 6C

Specify label length

ESC i m

1B 69 6D

Specify margin width

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

ESC @

1B 40

Initialize

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

ESC *

1B 2A

Select bit image

ESC K

1B 4B

8-dot single-density bit image

ESC L

1B 4C

8-dot double-density bit image

ESC Y

1B 59

8-dot double-speed double-density bit image

ESC Z

1B 5A

8-dot quadruple-density bit image

Horizontal movement comm ands (Refer to section 5.4 Horizontal movement commands.)

Vertical movement commands (Refer to section 5.5 Vertical movement commands.)

Paper formatting commands (Refer to section 5.6 Paper formatting commands.)

ESC/P Command Reference

Printer control comm ands (Refer to section 5.7 Printer control commands.)

Graphics commands (Refer to section 5.8 Graphics commands.)

- 15 -

4. Control Code List

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

ESC i B

1B 69 42

Barcode

ESC i Q

1B 69 51

2D bar code (QR Code)

ESC i P

1B 69 50

Specify QR Code version

ESC i V

1B 69 56

2D bar code (PDF417)

ESC i D

1B 69 44

2D bar code (DataMatrix)

ESC i M

1B 69 4D

2D bar code (MaxiCode)

ESC i J

1B 69 4A

2D barcode (AztecCode)

ESC i F

1B 69 46

Print transferred data

ESC i a

1B 69 61

Switch command mode

ESC i S

1B 69 53

Request printer status

ESC i L

1B 69 4C

Apply/cancel rotated printing

ESC i C

1B 69 43

Specify cut setting

ESC i UB

1B 69 55 42

Specify baud rate

ESC i Ub

1B 69 55 62

Specify bit length

ESC i UP

1B 69 55 50

Specify parity setting

ESC i UC

1B 69 55 43

Specify busy control

ASCII Code

Binary Code

Description

ESC iXE2

1B 69 58 45 32

Specify barcode margin setting

ESC iXE1

1B 69 58 45 31

Retrieve barcode margin setting

Advanced commands (Refer to section 5.9 Advanced commands.)

ESC/P Command Reference

Advanced static commands (Refer to section 5.10 Advanced static commands.)

- 16 -

4. Control Code List

ESC/P Command Reference

n=0:

U.S.A

n=1:

France

n=2:

Germany

n=3:

UK

n=4:

Denmark I

n=5:

Sweden

n=6:

Italy

n=7:

Spain I

n=8:

Japan

n=9:

Norway

n=10:

Denmark II

n=11:

Spain II

n=12:

Latin America

n=13:

South Korea

n=64:

Legal

5. Control Command Details

5.1 Character/style selection commands

ESC R Select international character set

ASCII: ESC R n
Decim al: 27 82 n

Hexadecimal: 1B 52 n

Parameters

0≤n≤13, 64

Description
 Selects the character set for the country, and switches some character codes in the code table according to

the value of n.

 The following 12 codes are changed.

 The default setting is n=0 (USA) for overseas.
 When using the standard character code table, printing is performed according to the specified international

Example

23h, 24h, 40h, 5Bh, 5Ch, 5Dh, 5Eh, 60h, 7Bh, 7Ch, 7Dh, 7Eh

character set.

Code: 5Ch ESC R 08h 5Ch FF

Print result: \￥

- 17 -

5. Control Command Details

Bitmap fonts

n=0 Helsinki

n=1 Letter Gothic

ESC k Select font

ASCII: ESC k n
Decim al: 27 107 n

Hexadecimal: 1B 6B n

Parameters

0≤n≤1

Description

 Selects the font.

 The default value is n=0 (Helsinki).

ESC/P Command Reference

- 18 -

5. Control Command Details

ESC/P Command Reference

n=0:

Standard character code table

n=1:

Eastern European character code table

n=2:

Western European character code table

n=3:

(Spare)

ESC t Select character code table

ASCII: ESC t n
Decim al: 27 116 n

Hexadecimal: 1B 74 n

Parameters

n=0, 1, 2

Description

 From the three built-in character code tables, select the character code table to be used.

 The default setting is n=0.

- 19 -

5. Control Command Details

5.2 Text printing commands

ESC 4 Apply italic style

ASCII: ESC 4
Decim al: 27 52
Hexadecimal: 1B 34

Parameters

None

Description
 Applies the italic style to the following text.

ESC/P Command Reference

ESC 5 Cancel italic style

ASCII: ESC 5
Decim al: 27 53

Hexadecimal: 1B 35

Parameters

None

Description
 Cancels the italic style.

Example

Code: ABC ESC 4 DEF ESC 5 GHI FF
Print result: ABCDEFGHI

- 20 -

5. Control Command Details

ESC E Apply bold style

ASCII: ESC E
Decim al: 27 69

Hexadecimal: 1B 45

Parameters

None

Description
 Prints the following text in bold.

ESC F Cancel bold style

ASCII: ESC F

ESC/P Command Reference

Decim al: 27 70

Hexadecimal: 1B 46

Parameters

None

Description
 Cancels the bold style.

Example

Code: ABC ESC E DEF ESC F GHI FF
Print result: ABCDEFGHI

- 21 -

5. Control Command Details

ESC G Apply double-strike printing

ASCII: ESC G
Decim al: 27 71

Hexadecimal: 1B 47

Parameters

None

Description
 Prints the following text in bold.

ESC H Cancel double-strike printing

ASCII: ESC H

ESC/P Command Reference

Decim al: 27 72

Hexadecimal: 1B 48

Parameters

None

Description
 Cancels the bold style.

Example

Code: ABC ESC E DEF ESC F GHI FF
Print result: ABCDEFGHI

- 22 -

5. Control Command Details

n=1 or 49 (“1”):

Double-width characters are specified.

n=0 or 48 (“0”):

Double-width characters are cancelled.

ESC W Specify double-width characters

ASCII: ESC W n
Decim al: 27 87 n

Hexadecimal: 1B 57 n

Parameters

n=0 and 1 or 48 and 49

Description
 Specifies double-width characters.

Example

Code: ABC ESC W 1 ABC ESC W 0 ABC FF

ESC/P Command Reference

Print result: ABC

ABC

ABC

- 23 -

5. Control Command Details

SI Specify compressed characters

ASCII: SI
Decim al: 15

Hexadecimal: 0F

Parameters

None

Description
 Prints the following text in half-width characters.

ESC SI Specify compressed characters

ESC/P Command Reference

ASCII: ESC SI
Decim al: 27 15
Hexadecimal: 1B 0F

Parameters

None

Description
 Same as SI

DC2 Cancel compressed characters

ASCII: DC2
Decim al: 18

Hexadecimal: 12

Parameters

None

Description
 Cancels compressed characters specified with SI.

- 24 -

5. Control Command Details

n=1:

Underlining is applied.

n=0:

Underlining is cancelled.

ESC – Apply/cancel underlining

ASCII: ESC - n
Decim al: 27 45 n

Hexadecimal: 1B 2D n

Parameters

n=0 and 1 or 48 and 49

Description

 Applies or cancels underlining.

 The underlining specified by this code is a continuous line.
 Spaces between characters and words are also underlined.

ESC/P Command Reference

Example

Code: ABC ESC - 1 ABC ESC - 0 ABC FF
Print result: ABCABCABC

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5. Control Command Details