Bio-Rad MP-1M User Manual

AG®1, AG MP-1

and AG 2

Strong Anion Exchange Resin

Instruction

Manual

Table of Contents

Page

Section 1 Introduction ............................................ 1

Section 2 Technical Description............................. 1

Section 3 Mechanism .............................................. 5

Section 4 Resin Conversion.................................... 10

Section 5 Instructions for Use................................ 14

5.1 Batch Method.................................................... 14

5.2 Column Method................................................ 15

Section 6 Sample Protocols

Section 7 Applications............................................. 23

Section 8 Product Information............................... 32

Section 9 Technical Information............................ 39

for Anion Exchange Resins.................... 18

6.1 Separation of Metal Ions................................... 18

6.2 Glucose Binding on AG 1-X8 Resin ................ 21

Section 1
Introduction

AG 1, AG MP-1 and AG 2 resins are strongly basic
anion exchangers. They are capable of exchanging
anions of acidic, basic, and neutral salts, and ampholytes
on the basic side of their pI. Strong anion exchange
resins are used for sample preparation, enzyme assays,
metal separations, and peptide, protein, and nucleic acid
separations.

Section 2
Technical Description

Strongly basic anion exchange resins are available
as Analytical Grade AG 1 and AG 2 resins, AG MP-1
macroporous resin, and Biotechnology Grade AG 1
resin. The Analytical Grade AG 1, AG MP-1 and AG 2
resins have been exhaustively sized, purified, and con­verted to make them suitable for accurate, reproducible
analytical techniques. Biotechnology Grade AG 1 resin
is analytical grade resin which is certified to contain less
than 100 microorganisms per gram of resin.

1

AG 1 and AG 2 resins are strongly basic anion
exchangers with quaternary ammonium functional
groups attached to the styrene divinylbenzene copoly­mer lattice. The amount of resin crosslinkage determines
the bead pore size. A resin with a lower percentage of
crosslinkage has a more open structure permeable to
higher molecular weight substances than a highly
crosslinked resin. It also has a lower physical resistance
to shrinking and swelling, so that it absorbs more water
and swells to a larger wet diameter than a highly
crosslinked resin of equivalent dry diameter. For exam­ple, the lower crosslinked resins, particularly AG 1-X2
2% crosslinked resin, are useful for the sorption and
fractionation of relatively high molecular weight sub­stances such as peptides, ribo- and deoxyribo­nucleotides, and uranium. The higher crosslinked resins,
particularly AG 1-X8 8% crosslinked resin, are used for
sorption, exchange, and separation of low molecular
weight inorganic anions, and in applications such as
cyclic nucleotide assays and fractionation of organic
acids. Table 1 shows the approximate molecular weight

2

exclusion limits in water for resins of various crosslink­ages.

Table 1. Approximate Molecular Weight Exclusion
Limits for Ion Exchange Resins in Water

Percent Approximate MW Exclusion Limit

Crosslinking for Globular Molecules

2% 2,700
4% 1,400

8% 1,000
10% 800
12% 400

AG 2 resin is similar to AG 1 resin, but is slightly
less basic and slightly less resistant to oxidation due to
differences in the structure of the quaternary functional
group. It offers advantages in certain applications. For
example, it is capable of separating sugars, sugar alco­hols, and glycosides using a step gradient and borate
buffers without isomerizing some sugars, as AG 1 resin
tends to do.

3

Each AG 1 resin is supplied in the chloride form.
Selected resins are available in the acetate, formate, and
hydroxide form. These ionic forms may be considered
more activated forms than the chloride form, as may be
deduced from the order of selectivity information given
in Tables 2 and 3. AG 1 resins purchased in the more
active forms may be converted to any other form. The
chloride ion, because of its higher selectivity for the
resin, is relatively difficult to replace with formate,
acetate, hydroxide, or fluoride. Thus, if various ionic
forms are to be used, the formate or acetate forms pro­vide flexibility and convenience (see Table 3). Formate
and acetate forms may be used to separate most low
molecular weight biological compounds, such as
nucleotides, hormones, peptides, and carboxylic acids.
AG MP-1 resin is the macroporous equivalent of AG 1
resin. Its effective surface area approximates 23 square
meters per dry gram, 20% porosity.

The physical properties of the resins are listed in
Table 2. The anion exchange resins are thermally stable
and resistant to solvents (alcohols, hydrocarbons, etc.),
reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.

4

Table 2. Guide to Analytical Grade Anion
Exchange Resins

Resin Active Order of Thermal Solvent to Oxidizing
Type Group Selectivity Stability Stability Agents

AG 1

R-CH2N+>phenolate OH-form, Very good Slow

and (CH3)3>HSO4>ClO3fair to 50 °C; solution
AG MP-1 >NO3>Br> Cl-and other in hot 15%
Resins CN>HSO3> forms, good HNO3or

AG 2 R-CH
Resin (CH3)2>HSO4>ClO3to 30 °C; Cl

NO2>Cl> to 150 °C conc. H2O
HCO3>IO3>
H2COO>Ac>
OH>F

N+phenolate>I OH-form, Very good Slow

2

C2H4OH >NO3>Br> forms, good in hot 15%

CN>HSO3> to 150 °C HNO3 or
NO2>Cl>OH conc. H2O
>IO3>H2COO
>Ac>F

-

Resistance

solution

Section 3
Mechanism

In an ion exchange procedure, the counterions on
the resin are replaced by sample ions that have the same
charge. With anion exchange resins such as AG 1 and

5

2

2

AG MP-1, neutral species and cations do not interact
with the resin. In the chloride form of AG 1, AG MP-1,
and AG 2 resin, the counterion on the resin is Cl

-

. A
resin can be converted from one ionic form to another.
Usually the resin is used in an ionic form with a lower
selectivity for the functional group than the sample ions
to be exchanged. The sample ions are then exchanged
onto the resin when introduced, and can be eluted by
introducing an ion with higher affinity for the resin or a
high concentration of an ion with equivalent or lower
affinity. Table 3 shows the relative selectivity of various
counterions. In general, the lower the selectivity of the
counterion, the more readily it exchanges for another ion
of like charge. The order of selectivity can also be used
to estimate the effectiveness for different ions as eluants,
with the most highly selective being the most efficient.
Finally, the order of selectivity can be used to estimate
the difficulty of converting the resin from one form to
another. Conversion from a highly selected to a less
highly selected form requires an excess of the new ion.

6

Table 3. Relative Selectivity of Various Counterions

Relative Selectivity Relative Selectivity

Counterion for AG 1 and for AG 2 Resin

AG MP-1 Resins

OH

-

1.0 1.0
Benzene sulfonate 500 75
Salicylate 450 65
Citrate 220 23

-

I
Phenate 110 27

-

HSO

4

-

ClO

3

-

NO

3

-

Br

-

CN

-

HSO

3

-

BrO

3

-

NO

2

-

Cl

-

HCO

3

-

IO

3

-

HPO

4

Formate 4.6 0.5

175 17

85 15
74 12
65 8
50 6
28 3
27 3
27 3
24 3
22 2.3

6.0 1.2

5.5 0.5

5.0 0.5
Acetate 3.2 0.5

Propionate 2.6 0.3

-

F

1.6 0.3

7

The AG 1 and AG MP-1 resins are available in sev­eral particle size ranges. The flow rate in a chromato­graphic column increases with increasing particle size.
However, the attainable resolution increases with
decreasing particle size and narrower size distribution
ranges. Particle size is given either in mesh size or
micron size. The larger the mesh size number, the small­er the particle size. Table 4 shows wet mesh and equiva­lent micron diameters.

Table 4. Wet Mesh and Equivalent
Micron Diameters

Wet Mesh

(U.S. Standard)

16 20 40 50 80 100 140 200 270 325 400

Micron Diameter

(1 µm = 0.001 mm)
1,180 850 425 300 180 150 106 75 53 45 38

Large mesh material (20-50 and 50-100 mesh) is
used primarily for preparative applications and batch
operations where the resin and sample are slurried
together. Medium mesh resin (100-200) may be used in

8

batch as well as column applications. Medium mesh is
an ideal, general purpose particle size for use in analyti­cal and preparative scale column chromatography. Fine
mesh material (200-400 and minus 400 mesh) is used
for high resolution analytical separations.

9

Section 4
Resin Conversion

Table 5 outlines common techniques for converting
ion exchange resins from one ionic form to another.

Table 5. Techniques for Resin Conversion

Resin From→To

Conversion Sol’n/Vol. Flow Rate

AG 1 and Cl
AG MP-1 OH
Resins Cl

Cl

AG 2 Resin Cl

Cl–→ NO

(1)

Reagent Used of Resin cm/min of Bed Exchange

–

–

→ OH

–

→ formate 1 N formic acid 2 2 N pH<2 4 pH>4.8

–

→ formate Use Cl–→ OH–and 20 IX-N pH>4.8

–

→ acetate same as formate except IX-N pH<2 4 pH>4.8

–

–

→ OH

–

3

(2)

1 N NaOH

then OH–→ formate 2 pH>4.8

use 1 N HAc

(2)

1 N NaOH

0.5 N NaNO

3

1. Typical conversions are listed. The same reagents can be used to con-

vert from other ionic forms. Two steps regeneration, ion exchange fol­lowed by neutralization, is included because of ease of conversion and
saving on expensive reagents.

2. Use U.S.P. or C.P. grade (low chloride).

3. N = Neutralization; IX = Ion exchange; IXN = two step process: Ion

exchange to acid or base form followed by neutralization with appro­priate base or acid of salt, example (Step 1) Resin-Cl

10

Volumes of Linear Test for Rinse:Vol. Test for

–

+ NaOH →

Resin conversion is most efficiently carried out in the
column mode. However, when choosing a column,
remember that the resin may shrink, or it may swell as
much as 100%, depending on the conversion.

(4)

Type of Completeness Dl Water/ Completion

(3)

of Conversion Vol. Resin of Rinsing

20 IX Cl

2 2 IX Cl
5IXCl

Resin-OH (IX); (Step 2) Resin-OH + H-formate → resin-formate +

O (neutralization).

H

2

4. For 50-100 or finer mesh resin. For 20-50 mesh about
is recommended

5. Test for Cl
HNO
or too basic.

–

in effluent: Acidify sample with a few drops of conc.

. Add 1% Ag NO3solution. White ppt indicates Cl–, yellow Br

3

–(5)

–(5)
–(5)

4 pH<9

4 pH>9
4

1

⁄5 the flow rate

11

–

Conversions to ionic forms not listed in Table 5 can
be achieved using the information supplied in Table 3,
which lists relative selectivities of various counterions
for AG 1, AG MP-1, and AG 2 resin. To convert a resin
to an ionic form with a higher selectivity, wash the resin
with 2-5 bed volumes of a 1 M solution of the desired
counterion. For conversion to an ionic form with a lower
relative selectivity for the resin, the necessary volume of
counterion solution will depend on the difference in
selectivity. As a general rule, use 1 bed volume of 1 M
counterion solution for each unit difference in relative
selectivity. For example, converting AG 1-X8 resin
from the formate form (relative selectivity 4.6) to the
hydroxide form (relative selectivity 1.0) would require
4-5 bed volumes of 1 M NaOH.

In some cases, it is more economical and more effi­cient to go through an intermediate counterion when
converting to a counterion of much lower selectivity.
One example of this is the conversion of AG 1-X8 resin
from the chloride form (relative selectivity 22) to the
formate form (relative selectivity 4.6). The resin is first
converted to the hydroxide form (relative selectivity 1.0)

12

using 20 bed volumes of 1 N NaOH. The resin has a
very low selectivity for hydroxide, making the conver­sion to the formate form relatively simple (2 bed vol­umes of 1 N formic acid). Another conversion method is
to first convert to an ionic form of intermediate selectiv­ity. When converting from the chloride form (relative
selectivity 22) to the hydroxide form (relative selectivity

1), the resin can first be converted to the bicarbonate
form (relative selectivity 6.0).

The easiest method to test for completeness of con­version depends on the particular conversion.
Conversion is complete when the first ion is no longer
detected in the effluent. In many cases, this can be moni­tored by pH or by simple qualitative tests. When conver­sion is complete, the resin should be rinsed with deion­ized water, then with starting buffer, until a stable pH is
obtained. The resin is then equilibrated to the desired
starting conditions.

13

Section 5
Instructions for Use

AG 1 and AG MP-1 resins may be used in a batch
method or a column method. The batch method consists
of adding the resin directly to the sample and stirring.
The column method requires packing a column with
resin, and passing the sample through.

5.1 Batch Method

The batch method is performed by adding the resin
directly into the sample and stirring. The resin should be
in the correct ionic form prior to beginning.

1. Weigh out about 5 grams of resin for every 100 ml

of sample. For larger scale applications or when an
exact amount of resin is needed, calculate the resin
volume based on the resin capacity.

2. Add resin to the sample and stir or shake gently for

1 hour.

3. Filter or decant the sample from the resin.

5.2 Column Method

The column method involves pouring a column with
the resin and passing the sample through to achieve the
separation. Particle size will determine the flow rate,
which will affect the separation. The resin should be in
the correct ionic form and equilibrated prior to adding
the sample.

1. Calculate the amount of resin required based on the

expected resin capacity and sample concentration. If
the sample ionic concentration is unknown, begin
with 5 grams of resin for 100 ml of sample, and then
optimize the volumes after looking at the results of
the first separation.

2. Insure that the resin is in the proper ionic form to

allow the sample ions to be exchanged onto the
resin. If conversion of the resin into another ionic
form is necessary, use the guidelines described for
resin conversion (see Table 5).

3. Prepare the initial buffer so that the pH and ionic

concentration will allow the sample ions to be

14

15

exchanged onto the column. For unknown solutions,
use deionized water.

4. Slurry and pour the resin into the column.
Equilibrate the resin in the initial buffer using 3 bed
volumes of buffer. Poorly equilibrated resin will not
give reproducible results. Alternatively, equilibra­tion can be done by the batch technique, prior to
pouring the column. First, convert the resin to the
appropriate form, then suspend it in the starting
buffer. Check the pH with a pH meter while stirring
continuously. Adjust the pH by adding acid or base
dropwise to the buffer until the desired pH is
obtained. Then transfer the resin to the column, and
pass 1 bed volume of the starting buffer through the
column.

5. Slurry the resin in the initial buffer and pour the col­umn. Allow excess buffer to pass through the col­umn, leaving enough buffer to just cover the top of
the resin bed.

6. Apply the sample dropwise to the top of the column
without disturbing the resin bed. Drain the sample
into the top of the bed and apply several small por-

16

tions of starting eluant, being very careful to rinse
down the sides of the column and to avoid stirring
up the bed. Drain each portion to the level of the
resin bed before the next portion is added. Never
allow the liquid level to drain below the top of the
resin bed sample.

7. The actual flow rate that is used will depend upon
the application, the resin, and the column cross-sec­tion. To obtain flow rates for any given size column,
multiply the suggested flow rates in Table 6 by the
column cross-sectional area. Table 6 gives typical
flow rates of analytical grade resins.

8. If an anion free solution is the goal, collect the efflu­ent. If the concentrated anions are of interest, allow
all of the sample to pass through the column, then
elute the anions off the resin with a solution contain­ing a counterion of higher selectivity than the bound
anion.

17

Table 6. Suggested Flow Rates for
Ion Exchange Resin Columns

Linear

Flow Rate

Application (cm/min)

Removing trace ions 5-10
Separations with very few components 1-3
Separations of multi-component samples 0.3-1.0
Using high resolution resins

with small particle size 1-2

Section 6
Sample Protocols for
Anion Exchange Resins

2, Trail Edition, Laboratory Manual of the Chemical
Education Material Study.

Materials

AG 1-X8 resin, 50-100 mesh, 10 grams
Glass column approximately 12 mm ID, 30-40 cm

long, and resistant to 9 N HCl
HCl approximately 9 N, 5 N, and 0.5 N
Sample solution - 0.1 meq Co2+, Ni2+, and Fe

pared from 238 mg CoCl
and 271 mg FeCl

3

·6H2O; 238 mg NiCl2·6H2O;

2

·6H2O in 10 ml 9 N HCl

3+

pre-

Cobalt test solution - 10% NH4SCN in acetone
Nickel test solution - 1% KSCN or 1% NH

SCN

4

Test tubes or vials, 12

6.1 Separation of Metal Ions

This experiment was suggested by Professor Harold
Walton, University of Colorado, and Professors Charles
Koch and George Pimental, University of California at
Berkeley. It is a modification of Experiment 32, Volume

18

Procedure

1. Slurry the resin in distilled water.

2. Pour the resin into a column that is resistant to 9 N
HCl. The resin bed should be approximately 10 cm
deep.

19

3. Equilibrate the resin by passing approximately 15 ml
of 9 N HCl over the resin bed.

4. Adjust the flow rate to no faster than 1 drop/second
or 4 ml/min.

5. When the level of 9 N HCl has reached the top of
the resin bed, either shut the screw clamp, or add 2
ml of sample (0.2 meq of each ion).

6. Do not allow air into the resin bed because air may
cause channeling with uneven flow of subsequent
solutions.

7. After the sample has soaked into the resin bed, add
approximately 20 ml of 9 N HCl.

8. Begin collecting 5 ml aliquots.

9. The color of the eluant should intensify and then the
eluant should become nearly colorless in the third or
fourth aliquot.

10. Continue elution using 20 ml of 5 N HCl, and then
20 ml of 0.5 N HCl, in the manner described above.

11. In each case, 5 to 10 ml more of the eluant may be
added if the eluant is still strongly colored after 20
ml of acid has soaked into the resin bed.

20

12. Observe and record the colors in the resin bed and in
the eluant.

13. Test each aliquot for each of three ions:

+2

Co

test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop cobalt test solu-

tion. Strong test is a bright blue color.

+2

Ni

test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop nickel test solu-

tion. Neutralize with concentrated NH

. A bright red

3

ppt is a positive test for nickel.

+3

Fe

test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop iron test solu-

tion. A bright red color is a positive test.

6.2 Glucose Binding on AG 1-X8 Resin

This procedure demonstrates the binding and elution

of glucose on AG 1-X8 resin.

Materials

Poly-Prep®disposable chromatography column, 2 ml
1 N NaOH
AG 1-X8 resin, 200-400 mesh, formate form, 2-3 ml
Glucose sample, 100 mg/ml

21

Ames Keta-Diastix test for glucose
1 M NaCl

Procedure

1. Pack the Poly-Prep chromatography column with
2 ml AG 1-X8 resin, 200-400 mesh, formate form.

2. Convert the resin to the OH form by washing it with
10 bed volumes of 1 N NaOh, then with 5 bed vol­umes of distilled water.

3. Add 1 ml of the glucose sample.

4. Wash with 3 bed volumes of water.

5. Check for the presence of glucose.

6. Elute the glucose with 1 M NaCl.

7. Check for glucose.

Section 7
Applications

Strong anion exchange resins are used for sample
preparation, enzyme assays, metal separations, and pep­tide, protein, and nucleic acid separations. The tables
below summarize the applications.

Table 7. Anion Exchange Resins for
Sample Preparation

Application Resin Reference

Recovery of P
glucose-phosphate resin Biochem., 24, 6, 2304 (1985).

Extraction of AG 1-X8 Dombro, R. S. and Hutson, D. G.,
5-hydroxy-indole resin Clin. Chim. Acta, 100, 231 (1980).
acetic acid from
CSF and urine

Anion removal from AG 1-X8 Torben, K. and Penderson, J. S.,
porphyrin in urine resin Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 38, 279

Purification of cyclic AG 1-X8 Shanfield, J., Jones, J. and
nucleotides resin Davidovitch, Z., Anal. Biochem.,

from AG 1-X4 Stroop, S. D. and Boyer, P. D.,

i

(1978).

113, 256 (1981).

22

23

Application Resin Reference

Purification of AG 1-X8 Rajagopalan, T. G., Moore, S. and
carboxylated resin Stein, W. J., J. Biol. Chem., 241,
pepsinogen 4940, (1966).

Separation of cAMP AG 1-X8 Kuehl, F. A., Jr., Ham, E. A. and
from cGMP resin Zanetti, M. E, et al., Proc. Nat.

Concentration AG 1-X8 Minkler, P. E., Ingalls, S. T.,
of amines resin Kormos, L., et al., J. Chromatog.,

Removal of triiodide AG 1-X8 Basciano, L. K., Berenstein, E. H.,

Concentration of Ag 1-X8 Tyler, T. A. and Shrago, R. R.,
niacin prior to HPLC resin J. Liq. Chromatog., 3, 269 (1980).
analysis

Removal of organic AG 1-X8 Marescau, B., De Deyn, P., Van
acids and carbo- resin Gorp, L. and Lowenthal, A., J.
hydrates from Chromatog., 377, 334 (1986).
guanidino compounds

resin Kmak, L. and Siraganian, R. P., J.

Acad. Sci. USA, 71, 1866 (1974);
Fallon, A. M. and Wyatt, G. R.,

Anal. Biochem., 63, 614 (1975).

336, 271 (1984).

Biol. Chem., 261, 11823 (1986).

Application Resin Reference

Removal of thyroid AG 1-X8 Stanley, F., Tsai, J. R. and
hormone from serum resin Samuels, H. H., J. Biol. Chem., 261,

AG 2-X8 Stringer, B. M. J. and Wynford­resin Thomas, D., Hormone Res., 16, 392

Concentration AG 1-X8 Ellis, R. and Morris, E. R., Cereal
of phytate resin Chem., 63, 58 (1986).

Removal of ATP from AG 1-X8 Woldegiorgis, G. and Shrago, E., J.
proteoliposomes resin Biol. Chem., 260, 7585 (1985).

Removal or concen- AG 1-X8 Chen, P. M., Richardson, D. G. and
tration of organic acids resin Mellenthin, W. M., J. Amer. Soc.

9400 (1966).

(1982).

Hort. Sci., 107, 807 (1982).

Table 8. Metal Separation on Anion Exchangers

Metals Resin Eluted Ions Reference

Ni, Mn (ii), AG 1-X8 Ni - 12 M HCl: Kraus, K. A., and
Co (ii), resin Mn - 6 M HCl; Moore, G. E., J. Amer.
Cu (ii), Cu - 2.5 M HCl; Chem. Soc., 75, 1460
Fe (iii), Fe - 0.5 M HCl; (1953).
Zn (ii) Zn - 0.005 M HCl

Recommended Eluant and

24

25

Metals Resin Eluted Ions Reference

Ni, Co, Cu, AG 1-X8 Ni - 96% MeOH, Fritz, J. S. Pietrzyk,
Zn resin 0.2 M HCl; Co - D. J., Talanta, 8, 143

Mn, Co, Ni AG 1-X8 Mn, Co, Ni - 8.5 Morie, G. P., and
Fe, Mo, resin x 10
(also Cr, Zn, Fe - tartaric acid Chromatog., 16, 201
Cd, Hg) in 0.1 M HCl; (1964).

Th, Hf, Zr, AG 1-X8 Th - 0.7 N Strelow, F. W. E. and
Mo resin H

V, Th, Fe AG 1-X8 Absorbed as Korkisch, J. and

Recommended Eluant and

55% IPA, 1.3 M (1961).
HCl; Cu - 55%
IPA, 0.1 M HCl;
Zn - 0.005 M HCl

-2

M tartrate; Sweet, T. R., J.

Mo - 3 M NaOH

; Hf - 1.25 Bothma, C. J. C.,

2SO4

N H2SO4; Zr - Anal. Chem., 39, 595

2.0 N H2SO4; (1967).
Mo - 2.0 N NH4;
NO3, 0.5 N NH

resin citrate com- Krivanec, H., Anal.

plexes; Th - 8 M Chim. Acta, 83, 111
HCl; Fe - IBMK, (1976).
acetone, 1 N HCl
(1:8:1 v/v);
V - 1 M HCl

3

Metals Resin Eluted Ions Reference

Bi, Pb, Cd, Ag 1-X8 Pb, Cd, Zn - Strelow, F. W. E.,
Zn resin HBr-HNO

Recommended Eluant and

Bi - EDTA (1978).

; Anal. Chem., 50, 1359

3

Table 9. Peptide and Protein Separations
on Anion Exchangers

Application Resin Reference

Separation of small AG 1-X2 Titani, K., Koide, A., Ericsson,
peptides from rabbit resin L. H., et al., Biochem., 17, 5680
muscle (1978).

Separation of peptides AG 1-X2 Ozuls, J., Craig, G. and Nobrega,
from horse liver cyto- resin F. G., J. Biol. Chem., 251, 6767
chromes (1976).

Purification of fungal AG 1-X4 Bhella, R. S. and Altosaar, I., Anal.
glucoamylase resin Biochem., 140, 200 (1984).

26

27

Table 10. Anion Exchange Resins
in Enzymatic Assays

Enzyme Substrate Product Resin Reference

NADase NAD Nicotinamide AG 1-X2 Moss, J., Manganiello, V. C. and Vaughn,

resin M., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 73, 4424

(1976).

Cyclic 3',5' - cAMP Adenosine AG 1-X2 Brooker, G., Thomas, L. J., Jr. and
nucleotide resin Appelman, M. M., Biochem., 12, 4177
phosphodiesterase (1968); Ong, K. K. and Rennie, P. I. C., Anal.

Biochem., 76, 53 (1976); Thompson, W. J.,
Teraski, W. L., Epstein, P. M. and Strada, S.
J., Advan. Cyclic Nucleotide Res., 9, 69
(1978).

Sucrose synthetase; UDP-glucose Sucrose + UDP; AG 1-X4 Salerno, G. L., Gamundi, S. S. and Pontis,
sucrose phosphate and fructose; UDP + resin H. G. Anal. Biochem., 93, 196 (1979).
synthetase UDP-glucose sucrose -6-P

and fructose-6-P

Guanylate GTP cGMP AG 1-X8 Krishnan, N. and Krishna, G., Anal.
cyclase resin; Biochem., 70, 18 (1976).

neutral
alumina

28

29

Table 10. Anion Exchange Resins
in Enzymatic Assays (

continued

)

Enzyme Substrate Product Resin Reference

Hexokinase Mannose Mannose 6-P AG 1-X8 Li, E., Jabas, I. and Kornfeld, S., J. Biol.

resin Chem., 253, 7762 (1978).

Choline ACh + ATP Phosphoryl- AG 1-X8 Kato, A. C., Collier, B. Ilson, D. and Wright,
kinase choline resin J. M., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 53, 1050

(1975).

HMG-CoA reductase HMG-CoA Mevalonolactone AG 1-X8 Edwards, P. A., Lemongello, D. and

resin Fogelman, A. M., J. Lipid. Res., 20, 40

(1979)

Glutamine synthetase Glutamate Glutamine AG 1-X8 Pishak, M. R. and Phillips, A. T., Anal.

resin Biochem., 94, 88 (1979).

30

31

Section 8
Product Information

Catalog Ionic Dry Mesh Wet bead Capacity Pkg. Nominal
Number Form Size Diameter (µm) (meq/ml) Size Density (gm/ml)

AG 1-X2 Resin, Analytical Grade

140-1231 Chloride 50-100 180-500 0.6 500 g 0.65
140-1241 Chloride 100-200 106-250 0.6 500 g 0.65
140-1251 Chloride 200-400 75-180 0.6 500 g 0.65
140-1253 Acetate 200-400 75-180 0.6 500 g 0.65

AG 1-X4 Resin, Analytical Grade

140-1331 Chloride 50-100 180-425 1.0 500 g 0.70
140-1341 Chloride 100-200 106-250 1.0 500 g 0.70
140-1351 Chloride 200-400 63-150 1.0 500 g 0.70

AG 1-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade

140-1421 Chloride 20-50 300-1,180 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-1422 Hydroxide 20-50 300-1,180 1.2 500 g 0.75

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Catalog Ionic Dry Mesh Wet bead Capacity Pkg. Nominal
Number Form Size Diameter (µm) (meq/ml) Size Density (gm/ml)

AG 1-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade (cont.)

140-1431 Chloride 50-100 180-425 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-1441 Chloride 100-200 106-180 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-1443 Acetate 100-200 106-180 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-1444 Formate 100-200 105-180 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-1451 Chloride 200-400 45-106 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-1453 Acetate 200-400 45-106 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-1454 Formate 200-400 45-106 1.2 500 g 0.75

AG MP-1 Resin, Analytical Grade

141-0831 Chloride 50-100 150-300 1 500 g 0.7
141-0841 Chloride 100-200 75-150 1 500 g 0.7
141-0851 Chloride 200-400 38-75 1 500 g 0.7

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35

Catalog Ionic Dry Mesh Diameter Capacity Pkg. Density
Number Form Size (micron) (meq/ml) Size (gm/ml)

AG 2-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade

140-2421 Chloride 20-50 300-1,180 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-2441 Chloride 100-200 90-250 1.2 500 g 0.75
140-2451 Chloride 200-400 45-106 1.2 500 g 0.75

AG 1-X2 Resin, Biotechnology Grade

143-1255 Hydroxide 200-400 75-180 0.6 100 g 0.65

AG 1-X4 Resin, Biotechnology Grade

143-1345 Hydroxide 100-200 106-250 1.0 100 g 0.70

AG 1-X8 Resin, Biotechnology Grade

143-2445 Hydroxide 100-200 106-180 1.2 100 g 0.75

AG 1-X8 Resin, Biotechnology Grade

143-2446 Hydroxide 200-400 45-106 1.2 100 g 0.75

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Section 9
Technical Information

If you need additional technical assistance in using
ion exchange resins, contact your local Bio-Rad repre­sentative.

38

Bio-Rad Laboratories, 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547

LIT212 Rev C