Bio-Rad MP-1M User Manual

AG®1, AG MP-1
and AG 2
Strong Anion Exchange Resin
Instruction
Manual
Section 1 Introduction
AG 1, AG MP-1 and AG 2 resins are strongly basic anion exchangers. They are capable of exchanging anions of acidic, basic, and neutral salts, and ampholytes on the basic side of their pI. Strong anion exchange resins are used for sample preparation, enzyme assays, metal separations, and peptide, protein, and nucleic acid separations.
Section 2 Technical Description
Strongly basic anion exchange resins are available as Analytical Grade AG 1 and AG 2 resins, AG MP-1 macroporous resin, and Biotechnology Grade AG 1 resin. The Analytical Grade AG 1, AG MP-1 and AG 2 resins have been exhaustively sized, purified, and con­verted to make them suitable for accurate, reproducible analytical techniques. Biotechnology Grade AG 1 resin is analytical grade resin which is certified to contain less than 100 microorganisms per gram of resin.
1
AG 1 and AG 2 resins are strongly basic anion exchangers with quaternary ammonium functional groups attached to the styrene divinylbenzene copoly­mer lattice. The amount of resin crosslinkage determines the bead pore size. A resin with a lower percentage of crosslinkage has a more open structure permeable to higher molecular weight substances than a highly crosslinked resin. It also has a lower physical resistance to shrinking and swelling, so that it absorbs more water and swells to a larger wet diameter than a highly crosslinked resin of equivalent dry diameter. For exam­ple, the lower crosslinked resins, particularly AG 1-X2 2% crosslinked resin, are useful for the sorption and fractionation of relatively high molecular weight sub­stances such as peptides, ribo- and deoxyribo­nucleotides, and uranium. The higher crosslinked resins, particularly AG 1-X8 8% crosslinked resin, are used for sorption, exchange, and separation of low molecular weight inorganic anions, and in applications such as cyclic nucleotide assays and fractionation of organic acids. Table 1 shows the approximate molecular weight
2
exclusion limits in water for resins of various crosslink­ages.
Table 1. Approximate Molecular Weight Exclusion Limits for Ion Exchange Resins in Water
Percent Approximate MW Exclusion Limit
Crosslinking for Globular Molecules
2% 2,700 4% 1,400
8% 1,000 10% 800 12% 400
AG 2 resin is similar to AG 1 resin, but is slightly less basic and slightly less resistant to oxidation due to differences in the structure of the quaternary functional group. It offers advantages in certain applications. For example, it is capable of separating sugars, sugar alco­hols, and glycosides using a step gradient and borate buffers without isomerizing some sugars, as AG 1 resin tends to do.
3
Each AG 1 resin is supplied in the chloride form. Selected resins are available in the acetate, formate, and hydroxide form. These ionic forms may be considered more activated forms than the chloride form, as may be deduced from the order of selectivity information given in Tables 2 and 3. AG 1 resins purchased in the more active forms may be converted to any other form. The chloride ion, because of its higher selectivity for the resin, is relatively difficult to replace with formate, acetate, hydroxide, or fluoride. Thus, if various ionic forms are to be used, the formate or acetate forms pro­vide flexibility and convenience (see Table 3). Formate and acetate forms may be used to separate most low molecular weight biological compounds, such as nucleotides, hormones, peptides, and carboxylic acids. AG MP-1 resin is the macroporous equivalent of AG 1 resin. Its effective surface area approximates 23 square meters per dry gram, 20% porosity.
The physical properties of the resins are listed in Table 2. The anion exchange resins are thermally stable and resistant to solvents (alcohols, hydrocarbons, etc.), reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.
4
Table 2. Guide to Analytical Grade Anion Exchange Resins
Resin Active Order of Thermal Solvent to Oxidizing Type Group Selectivity Stability Stability Agents
AG 1
R-CH2N+>phenolate OH-form, Very good Slow
and (CH3)3>HSO4>ClO3fair to 50 °C; solution AG MP-1 >NO3>Br> Cl-and other in hot 15% Resins CN>HSO3> forms, good HNO3or
AG 2 R-CH Resin (CH3)2>HSO4>ClO3to 30 °C; Cl
NO2>Cl> to 150 °C conc. H2O HCO3>IO3> H2COO>Ac> OH>F
N+phenolate>I OH-form, Very good Slow
2
C2H4OH >NO3>Br> forms, good in hot 15%
CN>HSO3> to 150 °C HNO3 or NO2>Cl>OH conc. H2O >IO3>H2COO >Ac>F
-
Resistance
solution
Section 3 Mechanism
In an ion exchange procedure, the counterions on the resin are replaced by sample ions that have the same charge. With anion exchange resins such as AG 1 and
5
2
2
AG MP-1, neutral species and cations do not interact with the resin. In the chloride form of AG 1, AG MP-1, and AG 2 resin, the counterion on the resin is Cl
-
. A resin can be converted from one ionic form to another. Usually the resin is used in an ionic form with a lower selectivity for the functional group than the sample ions to be exchanged. The sample ions are then exchanged onto the resin when introduced, and can be eluted by introducing an ion with higher affinity for the resin or a high concentration of an ion with equivalent or lower affinity. Table 3 shows the relative selectivity of various counterions. In general, the lower the selectivity of the counterion, the more readily it exchanges for another ion of like charge. The order of selectivity can also be used to estimate the effectiveness for different ions as eluants, with the most highly selective being the most efficient. Finally, the order of selectivity can be used to estimate the difficulty of converting the resin from one form to another. Conversion from a highly selected to a less highly selected form requires an excess of the new ion.
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Table 3. Relative Selectivity of Various Counterions
Relative Selectivity Relative Selectivity
Counterion for AG 1 and for AG 2 Resin
AG MP-1 Resins
OH
-
1.0 1.0 Benzene sulfonate 500 75 Salicylate 450 65 Citrate 220 23
-
I Phenate 110 27
-
HSO
4
-
ClO
3
-
NO
3
-
Br
-
CN
-
HSO
3
-
BrO
3
-
NO
2
-
Cl
-
HCO
3
-
IO
3
-
HPO
4
Formate 4.6 0.5
175 17
85 15 74 12 65 8 50 6 28 3 27 3 27 3 24 3 22 2.3
6.0 1.2
5.5 0.5
5.0 0.5 Acetate 3.2 0.5
Propionate 2.6 0.3
-
F
1.6 0.3
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The AG 1 and AG MP-1 resins are available in sev­eral particle size ranges. The flow rate in a chromato­graphic column increases with increasing particle size. However, the attainable resolution increases with decreasing particle size and narrower size distribution ranges. Particle size is given either in mesh size or micron size. The larger the mesh size number, the small­er the particle size. Table 4 shows wet mesh and equiva­lent micron diameters.
Table 4. Wet Mesh and Equivalent Micron Diameters
Wet Mesh
(U.S. Standard)
16 20 40 50 80 100 140 200 270 325 400
Micron Diameter
(1 µm = 0.001 mm) 1,180 850 425 300 180 150 106 75 53 45 38
Large mesh material (20-50 and 50-100 mesh) is used primarily for preparative applications and batch operations where the resin and sample are slurried together. Medium mesh resin (100-200) may be used in
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batch as well as column applications. Medium mesh is an ideal, general purpose particle size for use in analyti­cal and preparative scale column chromatography. Fine mesh material (200-400 and minus 400 mesh) is used for high resolution analytical separations.
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Section 4 Resin Conversion
Table 5 outlines common techniques for converting ion exchange resins from one ionic form to another.
Table 5. Techniques for Resin Conversion
Resin From→To
Conversion Sol’n/Vol. Flow Rate
AG 1 and Cl AG MP-1 OH Resins Cl
Cl
AG 2 Resin Cl
Cl–→ NO
(1)
Reagent Used of Resin cm/min of Bed Exchange
OH
formate 1 N formic acid 2 2 N pH<2 4 pH>4.8
formate Use Cl–→ OH–and 20 IX-N pH>4.8
acetate same as formate except IX-N pH<2 4 pH>4.8
OH
3
(2)
1 N NaOH
then OH–→ formate 2 pH>4.8
use 1 N HAc
(2)
1 N NaOH
0.5 N NaNO
3
1. Typical conversions are listed. The same reagents can be used to con-
vert from other ionic forms. Two steps regeneration, ion exchange fol­lowed by neutralization, is included because of ease of conversion and saving on expensive reagents.
2. Use U.S.P. or C.P. grade (low chloride).
3. N = Neutralization; IX = Ion exchange; IXN = two step process: Ion
exchange to acid or base form followed by neutralization with appro­priate base or acid of salt, example (Step 1) Resin-Cl
10
Volumes of Linear Test for Rinse:Vol. Test for
+ NaOH
Resin conversion is most efficiently carried out in the column mode. However, when choosing a column, remember that the resin may shrink, or it may swell as much as 100%, depending on the conversion.
(4)
Type of Completeness Dl Water/ Completion
(3)
of Conversion Vol. Resin of Rinsing
20 IX Cl
2 2 IX Cl 5IXCl
Resin-OH (IX); (Step 2) Resin-OH + H-formate resin-formate +
O (neutralization).
H
2
4. For 50-100 or finer mesh resin. For 20-50 mesh about is recommended
5. Test for Cl HNO or too basic.
in effluent: Acidify sample with a few drops of conc.
. Add 1% Ag NO3solution. White ppt indicates Cl–, yellow Br
3
–(5)
–(5) –(5)
4 pH<9
4 pH>9 4
1
5 the flow rate
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Conversions to ionic forms not listed in Table 5 can be achieved using the information supplied in Table 3, which lists relative selectivities of various counterions for AG 1, AG MP-1, and AG 2 resin. To convert a resin to an ionic form with a higher selectivity, wash the resin with 2-5 bed volumes of a 1 M solution of the desired counterion. For conversion to an ionic form with a lower relative selectivity for the resin, the necessary volume of counterion solution will depend on the difference in selectivity. As a general rule, use 1 bed volume of 1 M counterion solution for each unit difference in relative selectivity. For example, converting AG 1-X8 resin from the formate form (relative selectivity 4.6) to the hydroxide form (relative selectivity 1.0) would require 4-5 bed volumes of 1 M NaOH.
In some cases, it is more economical and more effi­cient to go through an intermediate counterion when converting to a counterion of much lower selectivity. One example of this is the conversion of AG 1-X8 resin from the chloride form (relative selectivity 22) to the formate form (relative selectivity 4.6). The resin is first converted to the hydroxide form (relative selectivity 1.0)
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using 20 bed volumes of 1 N NaOH. The resin has a very low selectivity for hydroxide, making the conver­sion to the formate form relatively simple (2 bed vol­umes of 1 N formic acid). Another conversion method is to first convert to an ionic form of intermediate selectiv­ity. When converting from the chloride form (relative selectivity 22) to the hydroxide form (relative selectivity
1), the resin can first be converted to the bicarbonate form (relative selectivity 6.0).
The easiest method to test for completeness of con­version depends on the particular conversion. Conversion is complete when the first ion is no longer detected in the effluent. In many cases, this can be moni­tored by pH or by simple qualitative tests. When conver­sion is complete, the resin should be rinsed with deion­ized water, then with starting buffer, until a stable pH is obtained. The resin is then equilibrated to the desired starting conditions.
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Section 5 Instructions for Use
AG 1 and AG MP-1 resins may be used in a batch method or a column method. The batch method consists of adding the resin directly to the sample and stirring. The column method requires packing a column with resin, and passing the sample through.
5.1 Batch Method
The batch method is performed by adding the resin directly into the sample and stirring. The resin should be in the correct ionic form prior to beginning.
1. Weigh out about 5 grams of resin for every 100 ml
of sample. For larger scale applications or when an exact amount of resin is needed, calculate the resin volume based on the resin capacity.
2. Add resin to the sample and stir or shake gently for
1 hour.
3. Filter or decant the sample from the resin.
5.2 Column Method
The column method involves pouring a column with the resin and passing the sample through to achieve the separation. Particle size will determine the flow rate, which will affect the separation. The resin should be in the correct ionic form and equilibrated prior to adding the sample.
1. Calculate the amount of resin required based on the
expected resin capacity and sample concentration. If the sample ionic concentration is unknown, begin with 5 grams of resin for 100 ml of sample, and then optimize the volumes after looking at the results of the first separation.
2. Insure that the resin is in the proper ionic form to
allow the sample ions to be exchanged onto the resin. If conversion of the resin into another ionic form is necessary, use the guidelines described for resin conversion (see Table 5).
3. Prepare the initial buffer so that the pH and ionic
concentration will allow the sample ions to be
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15
exchanged onto the column. For unknown solutions, use deionized water.
4. Slurry and pour the resin into the column. Equilibrate the resin in the initial buffer using 3 bed volumes of buffer. Poorly equilibrated resin will not give reproducible results. Alternatively, equilibra­tion can be done by the batch technique, prior to pouring the column. First, convert the resin to the appropriate form, then suspend it in the starting buffer. Check the pH with a pH meter while stirring continuously. Adjust the pH by adding acid or base dropwise to the buffer until the desired pH is obtained. Then transfer the resin to the column, and pass 1 bed volume of the starting buffer through the column.
5. Slurry the resin in the initial buffer and pour the col­umn. Allow excess buffer to pass through the col­umn, leaving enough buffer to just cover the top of the resin bed.
6. Apply the sample dropwise to the top of the column without disturbing the resin bed. Drain the sample into the top of the bed and apply several small por-
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tions of starting eluant, being very careful to rinse down the sides of the column and to avoid stirring up the bed. Drain each portion to the level of the resin bed before the next portion is added. Never allow the liquid level to drain below the top of the resin bed sample.
7. The actual flow rate that is used will depend upon the application, the resin, and the column cross-sec­tion. To obtain flow rates for any given size column, multiply the suggested flow rates in Table 6 by the column cross-sectional area. Table 6 gives typical flow rates of analytical grade resins.
8. If an anion free solution is the goal, collect the efflu­ent. If the concentrated anions are of interest, allow all of the sample to pass through the column, then elute the anions off the resin with a solution contain­ing a counterion of higher selectivity than the bound anion.
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Table 6. Suggested Flow Rates for Ion Exchange Resin Columns
Linear
Flow Rate
Application (cm/min)
Removing trace ions 5-10 Separations with very few components 1-3 Separations of multi-component samples 0.3-1.0 Using high resolution resins
with small particle size 1-2
Section 6 Sample Protocols for Anion Exchange Resins
2, Trail Edition, Laboratory Manual of the Chemical Education Material Study.
Materials
AG 1-X8 resin, 50-100 mesh, 10 grams Glass column approximately 12 mm ID, 30-40 cm
long, and resistant to 9 N HCl HCl approximately 9 N, 5 N, and 0.5 N Sample solution - 0.1 meq Co2+, Ni2+, and Fe
pared from 238 mg CoCl and 271 mg FeCl
3
·6H2O; 238 mg NiCl2·6H2O;
2
·6H2O in 10 ml 9 N HCl
3+
pre-
Cobalt test solution - 10% NH4SCN in acetone Nickel test solution - 1% KSCN or 1% NH
SCN
4
Test tubes or vials, 12
6.1 Separation of Metal Ions
This experiment was suggested by Professor Harold Walton, University of Colorado, and Professors Charles Koch and George Pimental, University of California at Berkeley. It is a modification of Experiment 32, Volume
18
Procedure
1. Slurry the resin in distilled water.
2. Pour the resin into a column that is resistant to 9 N HCl. The resin bed should be approximately 10 cm deep.
19
3. Equilibrate the resin by passing approximately 15 ml of 9 N HCl over the resin bed.
4. Adjust the flow rate to no faster than 1 drop/second or 4 ml/min.
5. When the level of 9 N HCl has reached the top of the resin bed, either shut the screw clamp, or add 2 ml of sample (0.2 meq of each ion).
6. Do not allow air into the resin bed because air may cause channeling with uneven flow of subsequent solutions.
7. After the sample has soaked into the resin bed, add approximately 20 ml of 9 N HCl.
8. Begin collecting 5 ml aliquots.
9. The color of the eluant should intensify and then the eluant should become nearly colorless in the third or fourth aliquot.
10. Continue elution using 20 ml of 5 N HCl, and then 20 ml of 0.5 N HCl, in the manner described above.
11. In each case, 5 to 10 ml more of the eluant may be added if the eluant is still strongly colored after 20 ml of acid has soaked into the resin bed.
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12. Observe and record the colors in the resin bed and in the eluant.
13. Test each aliquot for each of three ions:
+2
Co
test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop cobalt test solu-
tion. Strong test is a bright blue color.
+2
Ni
test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop nickel test solu-
tion. Neutralize with concentrated NH
. A bright red
3
ppt is a positive test for nickel.
+3
Fe
test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop iron test solu-
tion. A bright red color is a positive test.
6.2 Glucose Binding on AG 1-X8 Resin
This procedure demonstrates the binding and elution
of glucose on AG 1-X8 resin.
Materials
Poly-Prep®disposable chromatography column, 2 ml 1 N NaOH AG 1-X8 resin, 200-400 mesh, formate form, 2-3 ml Glucose sample, 100 mg/ml
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Ames Keta-Diastix test for glucose 1 M NaCl
Procedure
1. Pack the Poly-Prep chromatography column with 2 ml AG 1-X8 resin, 200-400 mesh, formate form.
2. Convert the resin to the OH form by washing it with 10 bed volumes of 1 N NaOh, then with 5 bed vol­umes of distilled water.
3. Add 1 ml of the glucose sample.
4. Wash with 3 bed volumes of water.
5. Check for the presence of glucose.
6. Elute the glucose with 1 M NaCl.
7. Check for glucose.
Section 7 Applications
Strong anion exchange resins are used for sample preparation, enzyme assays, metal separations, and pep­tide, protein, and nucleic acid separations. The tables below summarize the applications.
Table 7. Anion Exchange Resins for Sample Preparation
Application Resin Reference
Recovery of P glucose-phosphate resin Biochem., 24, 6, 2304 (1985).
Extraction of AG 1-X8 Dombro, R. S. and Hutson, D. G., 5-hydroxy-indole resin Clin. Chim. Acta, 100, 231 (1980). acetic acid from CSF and urine
Anion removal from AG 1-X8 Torben, K. and Penderson, J. S., porphyrin in urine resin Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 38, 279
Purification of cyclic AG 1-X8 Shanfield, J., Jones, J. and nucleotides resin Davidovitch, Z., Anal. Biochem.,
from AG 1-X4 Stroop, S. D. and Boyer, P. D.,
i
(1978).
113, 256 (1981).
22
23
Application Resin Reference
Purification of AG 1-X8 Rajagopalan, T. G., Moore, S. and carboxylated resin Stein, W. J., J. Biol. Chem., 241, pepsinogen 4940, (1966).
Separation of cAMP AG 1-X8 Kuehl, F. A., Jr., Ham, E. A. and from cGMP resin Zanetti, M. E, et al., Proc. Nat.
Concentration AG 1-X8 Minkler, P. E., Ingalls, S. T., of amines resin Kormos, L., et al., J. Chromatog.,
Removal of triiodide AG 1-X8 Basciano, L. K., Berenstein, E. H.,
Concentration of Ag 1-X8 Tyler, T. A. and Shrago, R. R., niacin prior to HPLC resin J. Liq. Chromatog., 3, 269 (1980). analysis
Removal of organic AG 1-X8 Marescau, B., De Deyn, P., Van acids and carbo- resin Gorp, L. and Lowenthal, A., J. hydrates from Chromatog., 377, 334 (1986). guanidino compounds
resin Kmak, L. and Siraganian, R. P., J.
Acad. Sci. USA, 71, 1866 (1974); Fallon, A. M. and Wyatt, G. R.,
Anal. Biochem., 63, 614 (1975).
336, 271 (1984).
Biol. Chem., 261, 11823 (1986).
Application Resin Reference
Removal of thyroid AG 1-X8 Stanley, F., Tsai, J. R. and hormone from serum resin Samuels, H. H., J. Biol. Chem., 261,
AG 2-X8 Stringer, B. M. J. and Wynford­resin Thomas, D., Hormone Res., 16, 392
Concentration AG 1-X8 Ellis, R. and Morris, E. R., Cereal of phytate resin Chem., 63, 58 (1986).
Removal of ATP from AG 1-X8 Woldegiorgis, G. and Shrago, E., J. proteoliposomes resin Biol. Chem., 260, 7585 (1985).
Removal or concen- AG 1-X8 Chen, P. M., Richardson, D. G. and tration of organic acids resin Mellenthin, W. M., J. Amer. Soc.
9400 (1966).
(1982).
Hort. Sci., 107, 807 (1982).
Table 8. Metal Separation on Anion Exchangers
Metals Resin Eluted Ions Reference
Ni, Mn (ii), AG 1-X8 Ni - 12 M HCl: Kraus, K. A., and Co (ii), resin Mn - 6 M HCl; Moore, G. E., J. Amer. Cu (ii), Cu - 2.5 M HCl; Chem. Soc., 75, 1460 Fe (iii), Fe - 0.5 M HCl; (1953). Zn (ii) Zn - 0.005 M HCl
Recommended Eluant and
24
25
Metals Resin Eluted Ions Reference
Ni, Co, Cu, AG 1-X8 Ni - 96% MeOH, Fritz, J. S. Pietrzyk, Zn resin 0.2 M HCl; Co - D. J., Talanta, 8, 143
Mn, Co, Ni AG 1-X8 Mn, Co, Ni - 8.5 Morie, G. P., and Fe, Mo, resin x 10 (also Cr, Zn, Fe - tartaric acid Chromatog., 16, 201 Cd, Hg) in 0.1 M HCl; (1964).
Th, Hf, Zr, AG 1-X8 Th - 0.7 N Strelow, F. W. E. and Mo resin H
V, Th, Fe AG 1-X8 Absorbed as Korkisch, J. and
Recommended Eluant and
55% IPA, 1.3 M (1961). HCl; Cu - 55% IPA, 0.1 M HCl; Zn - 0.005 M HCl
-2
M tartrate; Sweet, T. R., J.
Mo - 3 M NaOH
; Hf - 1.25 Bothma, C. J. C.,
2SO4
N H2SO4; Zr - Anal. Chem., 39, 595
2.0 N H2SO4; (1967). Mo - 2.0 N NH4; NO3, 0.5 N NH
resin citrate com- Krivanec, H., Anal.
plexes; Th - 8 M Chim. Acta, 83, 111 HCl; Fe - IBMK, (1976). acetone, 1 N HCl (1:8:1 v/v); V - 1 M HCl
3
Metals Resin Eluted Ions Reference
Bi, Pb, Cd, Ag 1-X8 Pb, Cd, Zn - Strelow, F. W. E., Zn resin HBr-HNO
Recommended Eluant and
Bi - EDTA (1978).
; Anal. Chem., 50, 1359
3
Table 9. Peptide and Protein Separations on Anion Exchangers
Application Resin Reference
Separation of small AG 1-X2 Titani, K., Koide, A., Ericsson, peptides from rabbit resin L. H., et al., Biochem., 17, 5680 muscle (1978).
Separation of peptides AG 1-X2 Ozuls, J., Craig, G. and Nobrega, from horse liver cyto- resin F. G., J. Biol. Chem., 251, 6767 chromes (1976).
Purification of fungal AG 1-X4 Bhella, R. S. and Altosaar, I., Anal. glucoamylase resin Biochem., 140, 200 (1984).
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27
Table 10. Anion Exchange Resins in Enzymatic Assays
Enzyme Substrate Product Resin Reference
NADase NAD Nicotinamide AG 1-X2 Moss, J., Manganiello, V. C. and Vaughn,
resin M., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 73, 4424
(1976).
Cyclic 3',5' - cAMP Adenosine AG 1-X2 Brooker, G., Thomas, L. J., Jr. and nucleotide resin Appelman, M. M., Biochem., 12, 4177 phosphodiesterase (1968); Ong, K. K. and Rennie, P. I. C., Anal.
Biochem., 76, 53 (1976); Thompson, W. J., Teraski, W. L., Epstein, P. M. and Strada, S. J., Advan. Cyclic Nucleotide Res., 9, 69 (1978).
Sucrose synthetase; UDP-glucose Sucrose + UDP; AG 1-X4 Salerno, G. L., Gamundi, S. S. and Pontis, sucrose phosphate and fructose; UDP + resin H. G. Anal. Biochem., 93, 196 (1979). synthetase UDP-glucose sucrose -6-P
and fructose-6-P
Guanylate GTP cGMP AG 1-X8 Krishnan, N. and Krishna, G., Anal. cyclase resin; Biochem., 70, 18 (1976).
neutral alumina
28
29
Table 10. Anion Exchange Resins in Enzymatic Assays (
continued
)
Enzyme Substrate Product Resin Reference
Hexokinase Mannose Mannose 6-P AG 1-X8 Li, E., Jabas, I. and Kornfeld, S., J. Biol.
resin Chem., 253, 7762 (1978).
Choline ACh + ATP Phosphoryl- AG 1-X8 Kato, A. C., Collier, B. Ilson, D. and Wright, kinase choline resin J. M., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 53, 1050
(1975).
HMG-CoA reductase HMG-CoA Mevalonolactone AG 1-X8 Edwards, P. A., Lemongello, D. and
resin Fogelman, A. M., J. Lipid. Res., 20, 40
(1979)
Glutamine synthetase Glutamate Glutamine AG 1-X8 Pishak, M. R. and Phillips, A. T., Anal.
resin Biochem., 94, 88 (1979).
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31
Section 8 Product Information
Catalog Ionic Dry Mesh Wet bead Capacity Pkg. Nominal Number Form Size Diameter (µm) (meq/ml) Size Density (gm/ml)
AG 1-X2 Resin, Analytical Grade
140-1231 Chloride 50-100 180-500 0.6 500 g 0.65 140-1241 Chloride 100-200 106-250 0.6 500 g 0.65 140-1251 Chloride 200-400 75-180 0.6 500 g 0.65 140-1253 Acetate 200-400 75-180 0.6 500 g 0.65
AG 1-X4 Resin, Analytical Grade
140-1331 Chloride 50-100 180-425 1.0 500 g 0.70 140-1341 Chloride 100-200 106-250 1.0 500 g 0.70 140-1351 Chloride 200-400 63-150 1.0 500 g 0.70
AG 1-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade
140-1421 Chloride 20-50 300-1,180 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-1422 Hydroxide 20-50 300-1,180 1.2 500 g 0.75
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33
Catalog Ionic Dry Mesh Wet bead Capacity Pkg. Nominal Number Form Size Diameter (µm) (meq/ml) Size Density (gm/ml)
AG 1-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade (cont.)
140-1431 Chloride 50-100 180-425 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-1441 Chloride 100-200 106-180 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-1443 Acetate 100-200 106-180 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-1444 Formate 100-200 105-180 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-1451 Chloride 200-400 45-106 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-1453 Acetate 200-400 45-106 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-1454 Formate 200-400 45-106 1.2 500 g 0.75
AG MP-1 Resin, Analytical Grade
141-0831 Chloride 50-100 150-300 1 500 g 0.7 141-0841 Chloride 100-200 75-150 1 500 g 0.7 141-0851 Chloride 200-400 38-75 1 500 g 0.7
34
35
Catalog Ionic Dry Mesh Diameter Capacity Pkg. Density Number Form Size (micron) (meq/ml) Size (gm/ml)
AG 2-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade
140-2421 Chloride 20-50 300-1,180 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-2441 Chloride 100-200 90-250 1.2 500 g 0.75 140-2451 Chloride 200-400 45-106 1.2 500 g 0.75
AG 1-X2 Resin, Biotechnology Grade
143-1255 Hydroxide 200-400 75-180 0.6 100 g 0.65
AG 1-X4 Resin, Biotechnology Grade
143-1345 Hydroxide 100-200 106-250 1.0 100 g 0.70
AG 1-X8 Resin, Biotechnology Grade
143-2445 Hydroxide 100-200 106-180 1.2 100 g 0.75
AG 1-X8 Resin, Biotechnology Grade
143-2446 Hydroxide 200-400 45-106 1.2 100 g 0.75
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Section 9 Technical Information
If you need additional technical assistance in using ion exchange resins, contact your local Bio-Rad repre­sentative.
38
Bio-Rad Laboratories, 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547
LIT212 Rev C
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