Avery RFID User Manual
HowToRFID
How to RFID
With printers from Avery Dennison
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HowToRFID
Revision history
Revision Date Author Changes
N/A Before 2007 M. Leiblich Changes have not been tracked in the past
7 2007-12-19 R. Boettcher Layout and document structure reworked
Section RFID basics removed
Section EasyPlug command description limited to commands not already
described in the EasyPlug manual (part of the printer documentation)
8 2008-05-30 R. Boettcher
9 2008-06-26 R. Boettcher Various changes indicating differences between standard printer firmware with
10 2008-08-21 R. Boettcher Adaptation of examples witch use PadLeft or PadRight functions to the syntax
11 2008-09-01 R. Boettcher
Section 3.1.2.1: Power level data updated (EU and US module data included)
Section 3.3.2.2: AWID Module identification clarified
Section 3.3.2.1: AWID Firmware compatibility list updated (EU Module => 4.10B)
Section: 4.1.1: HF Technology EAS bit added
Section 5.3.5.3: #RFC command description for modifying the EAS bit added
Section 6.2.7: Sample job for EPC/EAN128 4x6” shipping label added
Section 6.3 added an example for modifying the EAS bit of HF tags
RFID features and semi custom RFID firmware
New section 1 Summary of supported RFID features
New section 2.4.8 Processing failures (errors) – Bad tag signaling
Section 2.2: size limit of 224 bits user memory for NXP chip based tags removed
Section 3.3.2.1: size limit of 224 bits user memory for NXP chip based tags
removed
Section 3.1.2.1 Power level: power level tables and diagrams for AWID EU and
US RFID reader modules updated
Section 3.1.3 Parameters for error handling: description for parameter “Try
times” added
New section 3.1.5 Recommendations for web / material handling
New section 5.1.3 Operation / EasyPlug command matrix
Section 5: description of #SI command updated
Section 5: description of #RFL command added
Section 6: sample for usage of access password (EPC Gen 2 tags) updated
documented in the EasyPlug manual and implemented in firmware versions >=
x.33 (first standard release with RFID). The syntax was changed compared with
previous semi custom releases!
Affected examples:
Section 6.2.3: Write / Read / Print EPC with consecutive numbering
Section 6.2.6: Writing a SSCC-96 to tag
Section 6.2.7: EPC/EAN128 shipping label (SSCC + SSCC-96) + automatic
transfer from Barcode SSCC (NVE) to EPC using a scanner
Section 1.2: Correction of Korea Frequency Range
Section 2.3: table Table 2 – Available RFID kits updated, added 64-08 UHF kits,
HF kits for DPM/ALX removed
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Revision Date Author Changes
12 2008-09-22 R. Boettcher
13 2009-08-31 R. Boettcher
Section 3.3.2.1: List of approved AWID Firmware versions updated
Section 1.1: added “PEM” in the list of RFID enabled systems
Section 2.3: added part numbers for PEM / HF RFID kits
Section 2.4.4 “Using pre qualified supplies”: added a reference to the “RFID
Label Design & Printer Setup Guide” and the RFID inlay qualification process
Section 4.2 "Inlay qualification” added
Updated features list for printer firmware version Vx.34
Several sections: added transponder fields “AFI” and “DSFID” in field
descriptions; feature lists and command descriptions
Section 5.3.4.1: description of #SRF command; optional use of the size
parameter for reading the TID, MEMBANK field
Section 2.4.6: description of the new write based hotspot-/profile test of firmware
version >= X.34
Finalization of changes introduced in revision 12 (no significant changes of
content)
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Content
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.7
2.4.8
2.4.9
2.5
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
5
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
6 Applications / Examples ......................................................................................................................42
Summary of supported RFID features ...................................................................................................6
RFID in a printer ....................................................................................................................................8
Prepare the printer...............................................................................................................................20
RFID Transponder / tags / inlays.........................................................................................................28
Reading and writing RFID data using EasyPlug .................................................................................33
RFID enabled systems (machines)...........................................................................................6
UHF Technology .......................................................................................................................6
HF Technology..........................................................................................................................8
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................8
Supported Technologies ...........................................................................................................8
Hardware prerequisites .............................................................................................................9
Processing of RFID tags in the printer ....................................................................................10
General................................................................................................................................10
Mechanical specifications / restrictions ...............................................................................11
Inlay position / Tag antenna coupling..................................................................................12
Using pre qualified supplies ................................................................................................14
Finding and defining the optimum coupling position (the “Hotspot”)...................................14
Hotspot-/Profile test .............................................................................................................15
Processing failures (errors) – Invalidating labels ................................................................17
Processing failures (errors) – Bad tag signaling .................................................................18
Statistics ..............................................................................................................................18
Using a cutter ..........................................................................................................................19
Configuration...........................................................................................................................20
Activating the RFID-option ..................................................................................................20
Material depending RFID parameters .................................................................................20
Parameters for error handling .............................................................................................22
Chip protection ....................................................................................................................23
Recommendations for web / material handling ...................................................................23
Additional support functions ....................................................................................................24
Functions for testing purpose ..............................................................................................24
For information ....................................................................................................................24
AWID RFID module firmware update......................................................................................25
Update procedure................................................................................................................25
Dependencies .....................................................................................................................26
Memory layout (data fields) of RFID Tags ..............................................................................28
HF Technology ....................................................................................................................28
UHF Technology (EPC tags)...............................................................................................28
Inlay qualification.....................................................................................................................30
The inlay qualification process ............................................................................................30
RFID Label Design & Printer Setup Guide + RFID Suppy Specifications...........................31
Terms used in the inlay specifications and related documents...........................................31
Printer specific dimensions and restrictions ........................................................................32
Design an EASYPLUG job......................................................................................................33
The Basics...........................................................................................................................33
Concepts of data handling...................................................................................................33
Operation / EasyPlug command matrix...............................................................................33
Legacy EasyPlug commands..................................................................................................34
Read and Write operations..................................................................................................34
Other RFID operations ........................................................................................................35
Commands using the variable data handling mechanism ......................................................35
Definition of variables and data manipulation .....................................................................35
Data coding schemes / coding scheme conversion............................................................35
Functions .............................................................................................................................36
Read and Write operations..................................................................................................37
Sending data (read from tag) to an interface ......................................................................39
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6.1
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
45
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
(NVE) to EPC using a scanner .........................................................................................................................48
6.3
6.3.1
7
References ..........................................................................................................................................53
Hot spot test (UHF Technology) .............................................................................................42
EPC class1 Gen2 features......................................................................................................42
Write / Read / Print EPC with 96bit (using variable data handling approach).....................42
Write / Read / Print EPC with 96bit (using legacy commands) ...........................................43
Write / Read / Print EPC with consecutive numbering........................................................43
Write / Read / Print user data (NXP G2/G2XM, Alien Higgs 3 chips only) using legacy commands
Lock data fields (activating write protection + use of access password..............................46
Writing a SSCC-96 to tag ....................................................................................................47
EPC/EAN128 shipping label (SSCC + SSCC-96) + automatic transfer from Barcode SSCC
HF Technology Features ........................................................................................................51
Modifying the EAS bit of NXP I-Code based inlays ............................................................51
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1 Summary of supported RFID features
1.1 RFID enabled systems (machines)
System UHF Technology
Region
AP 5.4 supported
EU / US / Korea
64-04 / 64-05 / 64-06 supported
EU / US / Korea
ALX 924 / ALX 926 supported
EU / US / Korea
PEM not supported supported
HF Technology
not supported
supported
not supported
For details please see section 2.2 and 2.3.
Limitations
− 64-0x printers: the combination of dispenser option and RFID option is not supported.
1.2 UHF Technology
Feature / Classification Supported standards / variants /
options
Regions / Frequencies EU: 869.525 MHz
US: 902-928 MHz (Frequency hopping)
Korea: 910-914 MHz (Frequency
hopping)
UHF protocols / standards EPC Class 1 Gen 2
ISO / IEC 18000-6C
Addressable tag data tag
fields
EPC Class 1 Gen 2 tags:
EPC (64 / 96 Bit, up to 240 bit)
User memory (up to 512-Bit)
TID
Access password
Kill password
AFI
Notes
For each region a specific RFID reader module
is required.
protocols supported only by semi custom
releases of printer firmware:
EPC Class 1 (“Alien” protocol)
EPC C0 / C0+ (“Matrix” protocol)
EPC V1.19 Rev 2
Impinj Zuma
ISO 18000-6B (U-Code, HSL)
Please note the limitations for specific fields
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Feature / Classification Supported standards / variants /
options
Operations General
optional 2 pass verification of written
data
Data field specific
EPC: R / W / L / U
User memory: R / W / L / U
TID: R
Access password: W / L / U
Kill password: W / L / U
AFI field (*1): R / W
Tag data encoding
standards
Special features
All EPC global defined tag data standard
encodings are supported.
Chip protection feature (64-0x + ALX
only)
Bad tag signal: in case of tag
processing errors a “bad tag signal”
(BTS) is sent to the AI-board.
If not noticed otherwise all features are supported by the AP 5.4, the 64-0x printers and the ALX print and apply
system.
Notes
R = read content of data field
W= write / change content of data field
L = lock (write protect) data field (requires a nonzero access password)
U = unlock (remove write protection)
*1): printer firmware >= Vx.34
It’s preferred to generate the encoded data in
the host system in hex ascii encoding. If this is
not possible the printer can do various data
transformations on bit- and byte level to build
EPC conform data structures from basic
identifiers itself.
Direct transformations of EPC global defined
URI encodings are not supported.
The bad tag signal (BTS) signal can control a
bad tag removal unit (for example the bad tag
separator).
Limitations
AP 5.4 with cutter
− Inlay placement must be close to the inlay depending optimum position.
This is due to the limited back feeding capabilities in general (ribbon wrinkling!) and exceptionally for use of the
add-on cutter (possible loss of contact between material and feeding mechanism) and the need for additional
material movement to reach the RFID operating/coupling position.
− Minimum length of label >= 50 mm
This is due to the requirement to have the inlay in the optimum position and the position of the RFID antenna
inside the printer.
See section 2.5 for details.
AP 5.4 dispenser
− Inlay placement must be close to the inlay depending optimum position.
This is due to the limited back feeding capabilities (ribbon wrinkling!) and the need for additional material
movement to reach the RFID operating/coupling position.
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1.3 HF Technology
HowToRFID
Feature / Classification Supported standards / variants /
options
Regions / Frequencies global: 13.56 MHz
HF protocols / standards
Supported transponders
(tags / chips)
Addressable tag data tag
fields
Operations Data field specific
Tag data encoding
standards
Special features
ISO 15963
ISO 18000-3-Mode 1
Infineon my-d
NXP I-Code 1
NXP I-Code SLI
NXP I-Code EPC
NXP I-Code UID
TI Tag-it HF ISO
User data (block data)
UID
AFI (*1)
DSFID (*1)
EAS-Bit
User data (block data): R / W
AFI: W
DSFID: W (*1)
EAS-Bit: W / L (*1)
n/a
Chip protection feature (64-0x + ALX
only)
*1): printer firmware >= Vx.34
Notes
R = read content of data field
W= write / change content of data field
L = lock (write protect) data field
U = unlock (remove write protection)
2 RFID in a printer
2.1 Introduction
A RFID capable printer from Avery Dennison can be viewed as a normal label printer extended by RFID specific
parts (an RFID reader and an antenna). These parts are available as RFID-Kit for AVERY printer (compare table
1).
In addition to that you need smart labels. Smart labels are labels that are combined with an RFID tag. On the one
hand these labels can be used as normal labels to print human readable information on it and on the other hand as
RFID tags to read/write data in their memory.
2.2 Supported Technologies
Currently supported tags operate at either 13.56 MHz (HF) or 915/869 MHz (UHF). The following is a steady
growing list of supported tag types from different vendors.
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Manufacturer Tag type
Name ID
HF Technology
NXP (Philips)
I•CODE 1 (A) 2 512 bit 4 16 (11)1 proprietary
I•CODE SLI (A) 3 1024 bit 4 32 (28) 2 ISO 15693
I•CODE EPC (B) 7 96 bit EPC / no UID 1 17 proprietary
I•CODE UID (B) 8 192 bit / with UID 1 24 (12) proprietary
Tag-it HF * 256 bit 4 8 proprietary Texas Instruments
Tag-it HF ISO (A) 4 2048 bit 4 66 (64)3 ISO 15693
My-d (A) 1 10240 bit 10 (8)4 128 (125)5 ISO 15693 Infineon
My-d V2 (A) 1 10240 bit 4 256 (250) ISO 15693
UHF Technology
Matrics (1) EPC class 0 5 64 / 96 bit EPC na na proprietary
Alien (1) EPC class 1 6 64 / 96 bit EPC na na proprietary
U•CODE EPC 1.19 10 64/96 bit EPC + 256 bit user data 1 32 proprietary NXP (Phillips) (1)
U•CODE HSL 11 2048 bit 4 64 proprietary
Impinj (1) Zuma / EPC class 0+ 12 64/96 bit EPC + up to 64 bit user data 2 depending on
Various EPC class 1 Gen2 15 64..240 bit EPC (+ available user data) 2 0 / 14 / 326 EPC class 1
Table 1 – Supported transponder types
Memory Blocksize
in byte
Nr of blocks
(user data)
EPC size
Standard
proprietary
Gen2
Key: Text not longer supported
(option) (A) or (B) = different module options, one per module supported
(1) only supported by semi custom firmware (not standard firmware version X.33 and later)
2.3 Hardware prerequisites
For the different RFID technologies, printers and printer generations there are RFID upgrade options available. See the
following list of part numbers.
Application Country
HF WW (13.56 MHz)
UHF
EU (869.525 MHz)
US (915 MHz)
1
5 blocks are reserved internally. They are hidden from the user. There is an effective block range from 0 up to 10.
2
4 blocks are reserved internally. They are hidden from the user. There is an effective block range from 0 up to 27.
3
There is an effective block range from 0 up to 63.
4
There are 2 extra bytes for each block reserved for administration purposes. From an user point of view there are 8 bytes per block.
5
The first three blocks are reserved for internal purposes - for example ISO unique identification number (UID). These blocks are NOT hidden
from the user. These blocks cannot be written, but can be read. There is an effective block range from 0 up to 127. Block 0 contains UID.
6
NXP / Philips chips only
Description
Option for 64-04
Option for 64-05
Option for 64-06
Option for 64-04/05
Option for 64-06
Option for AP 5.4
Option for ALX/DPM 4/5"
Option for ALX/DPM 6"
Option for 64-04/05
Option for 64-06
Option for AP 5.4
Option for ALX/DPM 4/5"
Variant Part number
X1237
X1232
X1238
X1443
X1444
X1445
LH/RH X1446
LH/RH X1447
X1448
X1449
X1450
LH/RH X1451
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Application Country
64 bit series “High Performance” – RoHS compliant – Generation 3
HF WW (13.56 MHz)
UHF
Korea (910~914MHz)
EU (869.525 MHz)
US (915 MHz)
Korea (910~914MHz)
Description
Option for ALX/DPM 6"
Option for 64-04/05
Option for 64-06
Option for AP 5.4
Option for ALX/DPM 4/5"
Option for ALX/DPM 6"
Option for 64-04/05 HP
Option for 64-06 HP
Option for PEM 4/5”
Option for PEM 6”
Option for 64-04/05 HP
Option for 64-06 HP
Option for 64-08 HP
Option for ALX/DPM 4/5" HP
Option for ALX/DPM 6" HP
Option for 64-04/05 HP
Option for 64-06 HP
Option for 64-08 HP
Option for ALX/DPM 4/5" HP
Option for ALX/DPM 6" HP
Option for 64-04/05 HP
Option for 64-06 HP
Option for 64-08 HP
Option for ALX/DPM 4/5" HP
Option for ALX/DPM 6" HP
Variant Part number
LH/RH X1452
X1675
X1676
X1677
LH/RH X1678
LH/RH X1679
X1701
X1702
LH/RH X1716
LF/RH X1717
X1687
X1688
X1787
LH/RH X1689
LH/RH X1690
X1691
X1692
X1788
LH/RH X1693
LH/RH X1694
X1695
X1696
X1789
LH/RH X1697
LH/RH X1698
Table 2 – Available RFID kits
2.4 Processing of RFID tags in the printer
2.4.1
RFID operations are seamlessly integrated in the printing process of an AVERY printer. AVERY printers are
printing labels by means of EasyPlug commands. EasyPlug is a command oriented language for printer control.
There are some command extensions and several new commands to EasyPlug that handle RFID specific
operations. For the correct use of these commands it is necessary to understand process of printing first.
The basic RFID operations are READ data from tag and WRITE data to the tag. There is one more operation called
SELECT that is important for RFID communication. Because there can be more than one tag in the range of a
reader each tag has to be distinguished from another. This can be done by asking tags for their identification
number and select one tag because of this number. Once a tag is selected you can operate on a tag with
READ/WRITE operations. (The selection is an integrated part of each READ/WRITE operation, so there is no
special command the user needs to issue for this).
General
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2.4.2
Definitions:
– Mechanical distances –
PH-CT: distance from print head (dot-line) to knife (cutting position)
PH-TB: distance from print head (dot-line) to tear bar (tear off edge)
PH-CA: distance from print head (dot-line) to center of printers RFID antenna
PH-DE: distance from print head (dot-line) to dispensing edge
– Mechanical restrictions –
MBF: maximum back-feed distance (without losing “grip” or ribbon wrinkling)
– Label/Inlay specific / depending distances –
LA: inlay / label specific distance from top of label to leading edge of inlay antenna
ILG: label specific inter label gap (distance between two subsequent inlays)
OPA: RFID operating point measured from leading edge of antenna of inlay
OPL: RFID operating point measured from leading edge of label (=> antenna offset)
Figure 1 shows a label web in the paper path of the printer with symbolic dimensions.
Mechanical specifications / restrictions
Figure 1: mechanical dimensions of the paper path (and label)
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Printer PH-CT [mm] PH-TB [mm] PH-CA [mm] PH-DE [mm] MBF [mm]
64-0X 17.13 10.50 62.00 48.50
AP 5.4 17.00 10.00 46.50 16
ALX 92x / DPM n/a n/a 50.00 24.20 (short
dispensing
edge)
39.80 (long
dispensing
edge)
Table 3 –Paper path dimensions of printer relevant for RFID
ca. 100
2.4.3
Inlay position / Tag antenna coupling
Smart labels with RFID functionality are treated by the printer in a two phase process. At first RFID functionality is
executed and afterwards the regular print processing is made. To communicate with an RFID transponder it has to
be in the range (RF field) of the built in reader antenna and it must be the only tag in range. For this purpose the
Easy Plug command #IM has been extended with a parameter called RFID antenna offset. It defines the distance
between label start and optimal coupling point position. In other words, it determines how much the label needs to
be back feed to bring the transponder in the right position near the printer’s antenna.
Figure 2: positioning at label start
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Material Feed Direction
Label X-1 Label X Label X+1
1
Label X-1 Label X Label X+1
2
Label X-1 Label X Label X+1
3
Label X-1 Label X Label X+1
0123456789
4
ABCD (1234)
Figure 3: processing steps of RFID encoding and label printing:
(1) resting position before start of RFID processing / printing
(2) back-feeding of label to the RFID encoding position (move inlay antenna to best-match position with printer
antenna)
(3) forward-feeding to bring start of label to dot line again (after RFID encoding)
(4) label printing in progress
Label positioning is the first action that takes place when processing a RFID label. Afterwards all RFID commands
are executed. When this is finished the label is repositioned to the beginning and all other printing actions are
executed.
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2.4.4
RFID starter kits
Avery Dennison offers RFID starter kits for the RFID printers. The starter kit contains also RFID supplies (labels).
For those supplies a pre qualification was made and the parameters for adjusting the printer to this supply are
available on the supply data sheet. The supply is referenced by an Avery article number. If there is no data sheet
included in the supply package, please ask your reseller or the technical support team for the supply data sheets.
Application requires the use of another inlay?
Avery Dennison publishes a document called “RFID Label Design & Printer Setup Guide”. The content of this
document is the essential extract of an intensive inlay qualification process. Goal of that process is, to find the
optimum label design parameters and printer setup parameters for an “optimized” label.
It’s highly recommended to use the parameters determined in the RFID inlay qualification process for the
processing of inlays in the printer.
For further details see section 4.2…
Using pre qualified supplies
2.4.5
Finding and defining the optimum coupling position (the “Hotspot”)
If the position of the hotspot measured from the beginning of the label is close to the relative position of the
antenna, little or no material movement between RFID processing and printing is necessary. This leads to an
optimal performance (throughput).
But, due to shielding / coverage reasons this may be not the best position for coupling!
UHF Technology
Printer Position of the center-line of the
UHF antenna relative to print head
(dot-line)
64-0X 62.0 mm +/- 48 mm
AP 5.4 46.5 mm +/- 16 mm
ALX 92x / DPM 50.0 mm
PEM n/a n/a
Table 4 – Antenna position relative to print head
Inlay placement window (+/offset from ideal position)
TBD (depending on dispensing
mode, rewinder etc.)
HF Technology
Printer Position of the center-line of the HF antenna relative to
print head (dot-line)
64-0X 62 mm
AP 5.4 n/a
ALX 92x / DPM 80 mm
PEM n/a
Table 5 – Antenna position relative to print head
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2.4.6
How to execute the hotspot-/profile test
To find an optimized antenna position, execute a “Hotspot test”. To execute a hotspot test use the menu item
“RFID Parameters / Hotspot test”.
Repeat the Hotspot test with different power level settings to find a combination of power level and antenna offset
which makes sure only the inlay in direct contact (located nearby) the antenna is processed and no adjacent read
or writes occur.
With attenuation power control (firmware version <= X.33):
Start with minimum power (high value, for example 245) and increase the power (decrease the power level value)
in steps of 5 or 10. Starting with low power identifies the most sensitive position.
With dBm power control (firmware version >= X.34):
Start with minimum power (low value, for example 5) and increase the power (increase the power level value) in
steps of 5. Starting with low power identifies the most sensitive position.
How to hotspot-/profile test works
Hotspot-/Profile test
At the beginning the printer positions the start of label (top of label) to the center of the printer’s antenna. During the
test the label gets feed stepwise by 2.0 mm until the end of the label reaches the position of the printers antenna.
The length of the label is determined by the current material length setting.
At each position the printer tries to write an EPC code to the tag with different power levels. The range of the power
level to be tested is determined by the current power level and ranges from current value -5 dBm ... current value +
5 dBm. At each test point (position / power level) a single write attempt is made and the result (success or failure)
gets recorded into the printer’s memory.
After the complete label has been processed, a test result graph is generated and printed to the same or a
following label. For short labels the printout can be printed to a following label due to slight slippage during feeding
and gap detection. If it’s required to print exactly to the same label, decreasing the material length by 1..3 mm may
help, especially if material length was adjusted with the auto-calibrate feature.
Hot to read the result printout
The Y-axis (feeding direction) direction shows the position (unit mm) of the “hotspot” relative to top of label (begin
of label = 0 mm). The position determined during analysis of the printout can be transferred 1:1 to the antennaoffset parameter of the EasyPlug #IM command.
The X-axis (across the label) shows the power level (unit dBm). Power level increases from left to right side (0 dBm
at the left side ca. 30 dBm on the right side). Possible range depends from the capabilities of the RFID reader
module.
A black dot (filled square) shows a successful encoding for the related position and power level. The complete
tested range (position and power level) is indicated by the dotted line rectangle.
Current settings of the RFID components (RFID reader module, firmware version, current power level) are shown in
the top right corner.
The thick dotted line across the label shows the position of the printer’s antenna (if TOL is at the print-head).
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AD 222 in 64-05 with AWID-EU reader module AD-222 in AP 5.4 AWID-EU reader module
How to select the antenna offset
Choose a region where at least 3 x 3 adjacent “dots” of the matrix show a successful writing. If there is more then
one region like this, choose one which is located near the center-line of the antenna in the printer (see 2.4.4). The
goal is to avoid unnecessary web movement to reach optimum throughput and to avoid problems from “loosing” the
material if a cutter or tearbar is used.
A note regarding the power level: please keep in mind “less is better”! Only use a high power level if there is no
large enough area in a low power level region for safe and reliable operation.
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