Agilent Technologies 4396B User Manual

Agilent 4396B

Analyzer

User's Guide

Network/Spectrum/Impedance

SERIAL

This

manual applies

number

NUMBERS

directly to

prex JP1KE.

instruments which

have

the

serial

Agilent Part No. 04396-90051

Printed in Japan May 2003

Fifth Edition

c



Copyright 1997, 2000, 2002, 2003 Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.

Manual Printing

History

The manual

edition. The

printing date

printing date

(Minor corrections

cause the

date to

extensive technical

March 1997

July 1997

March 2000

::

::

::

:

::

:

:

:

November 2002

May 2003

:

:

:

:

:

and part

changes when

and updates

change.)

changes are

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that are

The

manual

incorporated.

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First

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F

ourth

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number indicate

a new

edition is

incorporated at

part

number

Edition

Edition

Edition

Edition

Edition

(part

number:

(part

number:

(part number:

(part

number:

(part number:

its current

printed.

reprint do

changes

04396-90021)

04396-90031)

04396-90031)

04396-90041)

04396-90051)

not

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Certication

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Summary

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ix

How T

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This Manual

Installation

Quick Start

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Setup

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Measurement Examples

This is

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Guide

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Contents

1.

Installation

Incoming

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1-7

1-7

1-7

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-9

1-11

1-12

1-14

1-14

1-15

1-17

2.

Spectrum

Before

Overview ............

Required Equipment

Step 1: Preparing for a Measurement

Turning ON the analyzer

Connecting the T

Step 2: Setting Up the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting

Setting the

Selecting the Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Setting the Frequency Range ............ 2-6

Step 3: Making a Measurement ............ 2-8

Reading the Peak Level Using the Marker ...... 2-8

Setting the Resolution Bandwidth to See Low Level

Analyzer

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Contents-1

3.

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Step

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..

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. 2-15

..

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. 3-8

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..

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.

2-11

2-12

2-12

2-13

3-1

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-3

3-3

3-5

3-5

3-6

3-7

3-9

3-10

3-12

3-12

3-14

3-14

3-14

4.

Spectrum

Basic

Harmonic

T

est Signal

Measurement

Connection

Analyzer

Multiple

C/N

T

est

Measurement

Connection

Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . .

Fixed 1Marker and Noise F

Tracking a Drifting Signal . . . . . . . .

Test Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tracking an Unstable Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Network Measurement with Spectrum Monitor . . . . . 4-7

Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Performing Calibration ...... ...... ... 4-8

Network Measurement ............... 4-8

Measurement

Setup

Distortion

Measurement

Signal

.

Distortion

and

Setup .

Settings

P

eak

Measurement

.

Setup

.

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.

Measurement

T

est

Device

.

.

.

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.

Search

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Examples

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and

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ormat for C/N Measurement

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or

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4-1

4-2

4-2

4-2

4-2

4-3

4-4

4-4

4-4

4-4

4-4

4-4

4-5

4-5

4-5

4-5

4-5

4-6

Contents-2

Monitoring

Spectrum

AM

Signal Measurement

T

est Signal

Measurement

Connection

Analyzer

Carrier

the

Modulating

Measurement

FM

Signal

T

est

Signal

Measurement

Connection

Analyzer

Frequency

Frequency

Carrier

Narrow

Burst

Signal

T

est

Signal

Measurement

Connection

Analyzer

Gated

Zero

the Leakage

Settings

Amplitude

Marker

Frequency

Measurement

Settings

Deviation

Level

Band

Measurement

Settings

Sweep

Span

for

Monitor .

.

.

.

.

Setup .

..

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.

.

Using

.

.

.

.

Setup

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and

FM

Signal

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Setup

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..

for

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Time

Signal at

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.

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and

Frequency

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and

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of

Wide

.

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Measurement

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Domain

the

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the

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4-9

4-10

4-10

. 4-10

. 4-10

. 4-10

. 4-10

.

4-11

.

4-12

.

4-12

.

4-12

.

4-12

.

4-12

.

4-12

.

4-12

.

4-13

.

4-14

.

4-16

.

4-16

.

4-16

.

4-16

.

4-16

.

4-17

.

4-17

5.

Network

Basic

Example

Measuring

Measurement

Read

3

Ripple

Measuring Phase Response

Using the Expanded Phase Mode

Measuring Electrical Length . . . . . . . . .

Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electrical Length A

Measuring Phase Distortion

Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deviation from Linear Phase ............ 5-10

Group Delay Measurement ............. 5-10

Where to Find More Information .......... 5-11

Reection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Measurement

Setup

Connection

Analyzer

P

erforming

Measurement

Out

dB

Bandwidth

Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoothing Group Delay Trace . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

Connection........ ...... ..... . 5-13

.

.

.

DUT .

Transmission Characteristics

Setup

.

.

Settings

Calibration

.

Insertion

or

Flatness

Examples

.

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of

a

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Loss

Using

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djustment ............

the

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5-1

.

5-1

.

5-2

. 5-2

. 5-2

. 5-2

. 5-2

5-3

.

5-3

.

5-4

5-5

5-6

5-7

5-8

5-8

5-8

5-8

5-10

5-10

Contents-3

Analyzer

P

erforming Calibration

Measurement

Return

Standing

S-P

arameters Measurement

Data

Impedance

A

dmittance

List

Sweep

Sweep

Analyzer

Creating

P

erforming

Dynamic

Filter

T

esting

Example

Analyzer

Creating

P

erforming

Separated

Gain

Compression

Measurement

Connection

Analyzer

P

erformance

Measurement

Absolute

Settings .

Loss and

Wave

Readout

Measurement

Measurement

.

.

.

Time

Reduction

Settings

a

Sweep

List

Range

Using

of

Limit

Settings

Limit

Limit

Limit

Setup

.

Settings

Output

..

..

.

.

.

Reection

Ratio

Enhancement

.

Calibration

.

.

.

Using

the

Marker

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

List

.

Sweep

Limit

Lines

Lines

F

or

.

.

.

Lines

Lines

Measurement

.

Level

.

T

est

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..

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. 5-13

. 5-13

..

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.

..

..

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. 5-16

..

. 5-18

.

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..

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. 5-21

..

. 5-22

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5-14

5-14

5-15

5-16

5-17

5-19

5-19

5-19

5-20

5-20

5-22

5-22

5-22

5-23

5-24

5-25

5-25

5-25

5-25

5-26

5-26

5-27

A.

F

or

Index

More

Information

Contents-4

Figures

1-1. P

ower

Cable

Supplied

1-2. Rack

1-3. Connecting

1-4. Connecting

1-5. Spectrum

1-6.

1-7.

1-8.

1-9.

2-1.

3-1.

3-2.

3-3. S-P

4-1.

4-2.

4-3.

4-4.

4-5.

4-6.

4-7.

4-8.

4-9.

4-10.

4-11.

4-12.

4-13.

4-14.

4-15.

4-16. Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement

4-17. Maximum and Minimum Envelopes of

4-18. Superimposing Spectrum and Envelopes

4-19. Burst Signal Measurement Setup . . .

4-20. Burst Signal Measurement Result Using Normal Sweep

4-21. Burst Signal Measurement Using Gated Sweep

4-22. Burst Signal Spectrum and T

5-1. Transmission Measurement Setup .......... 5-2

5-2. Response of a Dielectric Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5-3. Using the Marker to Determine 3 dB Bandwidth ... 5-4

5-4. Using Peak Search to Determine Ripple ....... 5-5

5-5. Amplitude and Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter . 5-6

5-6. Expanded Phase Mode ............... 5-7

Mount

Network

Network

Using

a

Connecting

Required

Required

Transmission/Reection

arameter

Basic

Connection

Harmonics

Using

Multiple

Harmonic

Using

Markers

Display

Display

Inuence

an

Network

Transmission

Leakage)

Spectrum

Dual Display

Carrier Amplitude

Modulating Frequency

Wide Band

Zooming

Signal .. ....

Kits

a

Transmission/Reection

an

S-parameter

Analyzer

Analyzer

Analyzer

Transmission/Reection

a

Keyboard

Equipment

Equipment

T

est

Measurement

P

eak

Distortion

and

When

After

A

djacent

Starting

Signal

on

Network

Circuit

Measurement

Measurement

.

.

Monitoring

of Network

FM Signal

Carrier

.

.

.

Installation

T

Mode

(One

Mode

(One

Mode

(Two

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

T

est

Set

Setup

for

Spectrum

Setup

Search

Noise

Has

.

.

and Frequency

Signal

and

.

.

F

ormat

Signal

Drifted

Measurement

.

.

With

Result

.

.

..

Result

and Spectrum

of AM

Measurement .

of

FM

...... ...... ...

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

T

est

Set

est

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.

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.

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A

ctive

Probe)

A

ctive

Probe)

A

ctive

Probes)

T

est

Set

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Set

Setup

.

.

.

.

.

Measurement

.

.

.

Marker

.

.

.

.

.

to

Measure

Track

.

Spectrum

at

Signal .

Signal

est Signal Envelope

.

.

by

.

.

..

(Inuenced

..

..

the

B

Input

of AM

.

.

Monitor

.

Narrow Band FM

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

List

to

.

.

.

.

C/N

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Leakage

..

.

.

..

.

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.

..

Measurement

Signal .

..

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.

..

..

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.

.

..

........

...

........

.

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.

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.

.

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.

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.

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.

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.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Measure

.

.

Ratio

.

.

.

.

from

.

.

Setup

by

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

....

....

...

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. 3-4

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. 4-9

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

1-12

1-13

1-14

1-15

1-16

1-17

1-18

4-11

4-11

4-13

4-14

4-14

4-15

4-15

4-16

4-17

4-17

4-18

1-5

1-7

2-2

3-2

3-3

4-1

4-2

4-3

4-4

4-6

4-6

4-7

4-7

4-8

4-9

Contents-5

5-7.

Phase Response

Span

5-8.

Electrical Length

5-9.

Deviation From

5-10.

Group Delay

5-11.

Reection Measurement

5-12.

Reection

5-13.

Return

5-14.

SWR

5-15.

S

11

5-16.

Impedance

5-17.

A

dmittance

5-18.

Sweep

5-19.

Dynamic

5-20.

Editing

5-21.

Separated

5-22.

Gain

5-23.

Gain

5-24.

Input

..

Loss

.

.

.

on

P

olar

List

Range

the

Compression

Compression

vs

.

Output

Compression

of a

Dielectric

.

.

.

.

A

djustment

Linear

.

.

.

.

Measurement

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Chart

.

Measurement

Measurement

Edit

Display

Enhancement

Limit

Lines

Limit

Lines

Measurement

.

P

ower

P

oint

.

.

Phase

.

.

.

Setup

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Level

.

.

Filter

Over

a

50

MHz

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

..

. 5-8

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

. 5-9

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

. 5-10

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

..

. 5-11

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

5-12

.

.

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.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

5-13

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

..

.

5-14

.

.

..

..

..

..

.

.

.

.

5-15

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

. 5-16

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

. 5-17

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

..

5-18

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

..

.

.

5-20

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

5-21

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

.

.

5-23

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

.

.

5-24

Setup

.

.

.

at

.

.

.

.

the

.

..

0

.

.

.

..

1

.

.

dB

.

.

.

.

.

Gain

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

. 5-25

.

5-26

.

5-27

Contents-6

T

ables

1-1. Contents

1-2.

Fuse

Selection

1-3.

Rack

Mount

..

.

Kits

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

. 1-2

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

. 1-3

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

. 1-7

Contents-7

1

Installation

and Setup

This chapter

the following

Incoming Inspection

Replacing Fuse

P

ower

Operation

V

entilation

Instruction

Rack/Handle Installation

Connecting

Connecting

Connecting

Setting

Guide

provides

information:

Requirements

Environment

Requirements

for

Cleaning

a

T

est

Set

an

A

ctive

a

Keyboard

Up

a

75



Measurement

installation

for

Network

Probe

and

Analyzer

F

or

setup

instructions

Spectrum

Mode

Analyzer

.

It

Mode

contains

Incoming

Warning

Inspection

T

o

avoid

when

outer

Inspect

or

cushioning

of the shipment have been checked for

has been checked mechanically and electrically

the shipment should be as listed in T

hazardous

there are

signs

enclosure (for

the

shipping

material

electrical

of

shipping

example,

container

is

damaged, it

shock,

covers

for damage

do

damage

,

panel,

.If

should

not

turn

to

any

or

the shipping

be

kept

portion

display)

completeness and the 4396B

.The

able 1-1. If the contents are

on

the

4396B

of

container

until

the

contents of

the

contents

incomplete, if there is mechanical damage or defect, or if the analyzer

does not pass the power-on selftests

Technologies oce

. If the shipping container is damaged, or the

cushioning material shows signs of unusual stress

well as the Agilent T

echnologies oce

, notify the nearest Agilent

, notify the carrier as

. Keep the shipping materials

for the carrier's inspection.

Installation and Setup Guide 1-1

T

able 1-1.

Contents

Description Agilent

Network/Spectrum/Impedance Analyzer 4396B

N

to

BNC

BNC

cable

Sample

P

ower

CD-ROM

Option

mini-DIN

Option

adapter

Program

1

Cable

(for manuals)

810

only

Keyboard

AB

A

only

(50

Disk

)

(2 disks)

2

3

1250-0780

8120-1839

04396-18010

-

04396-905xx

C3757-60401

Documents

04396-900x0

04396-900x1

04396-900x2

04396-900x3

04396-900x4

04396-901x0

04155-90151

04396-900x6

Option

T

ask

Reference

User's

Guide

Function

Reference

Programming

GPIB

Command

P

erformance

Instrument

010

Operation

Guide

Reference

T

est

B

ASIC

Handbook

Manual

User's

HandBook

P

art

Number

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Option

0BW

only

Service

Option

1D5

BNC

Option 1D7

50/75 Minimum

50 BNC-75

Option

1CN

Handle

Manual

only

A

dapter

only

Handle

Kit

Kit

N

Loss P

A

dapter

ad

04396-901x1

1250-1859

11852B option

1250-2438

5062-3991

3

004

Option 1CM Handle Kit

Rack Mount Kit 5062-3979

Option 1CP Rack Mount & Handle Kit

Rack Mount & Handle Kit 5062-3985

1

The

power cable depends on where the instrument is used,see Figure 1-1 .

2

CD-ROM contains the contents of the Task Reference, User's Guide, Function

Reference, Programming Guide, GPIB Command Reference,Performance Test

Manual, Instrument Basic user's Handbook and Option 010 Operation Handbook.

3

The number indicated by \x" in the part number of each manual, is allocated for

numbers increased by one each time a revision is made. The latest edition comes

with the product.

1-2 Installation and Setup Guide

Replacing Fuse

Fuse

Selection

Select

F

or

ordering

and

proper fuse

Service

Fuse

the

Oce

according to

T

able

Rating/Type

5A

250V

UL/CSA

Time

Delay

fuse

,contact

.

1-2.

ac

type

your

the T

Fuse

nearest

able

Selection

Fuse

2110-0030

1-2

.

P

art

Agilent

Number

T

echnologies Sales

Lever

a

dismount

line

receptacle

small

the fuse

minus

holder above

on the

screwdriver

rear panel.

to

the

T

o

check

or

replace

the

fuse

,

pull

the

fuse

holder

the

rating

and remove

fuse

,insert

into

the

A

C

afuse

fuse

the fuse

with the

holder

.

T

o

reinstall

proper

.

Installation and Setup Guide 1-3

Power

Requirements

P

ower

W

arning

Cable

The 4396B

Voltage

requires the

:90

Frequency :

Power

:300

In accordance

is equipped

with a

appropriate ac

frame.

The type

the country

of the

F

or

must

The

protective

of power

of destination.

power cables

protection

not

be

power

plug

earth

following power

to 132

47 to

VA

Vac

,198

63 Hz

maximum

with international

three-wire power

power outlet,

cable

shipped

Refer

available

from

electrical

defeated.

must

be

plugged

ground

connection.

to 264

V

ac

safety standards

cable.

this

cable

with

each

to

Figure

.

shock,

into

source:

When

grounds

instrument

1-1

the

power

an outlet

,this

instrument

connected

the

instrument

depends

for

the

part

cable

that provides

to

numbers

ground

an

on

a

1-4 Installation and Setup Guide

Figure 1-1. Power Cable Supplied

Installation and Setup Guide 1-5

Operation Environment

Providing

Note

clearance

The 4396B

conditions,

must be

and sucient

avoid obstructing

Temperature:

Humidity: less

The

4396B

cause

to

dissipate

T

o

ensure

product,

within

around

air-cooling

temperature

the

product,

Reference

When

temperature

to

\Operation

the

product

Furthermore

conrmed

safety

must

condensation

the

you must

the

specied

the

product

inside

to

refer

.

the

ambient

range

conforms

,

that

standard

operated under

the air



Cto

0

40

than 95%

be

protected

within

heat

at

specications

keep

ambient

range

or

,

for

the

rack

satisfy

the

to

\Specications"

temperature

of

the

Conditions"

to

the

under

that

the

product

when it

temperature environment,

is enclosed

within the

space must

ow of



C

RH at

from

the

be kept

the cooling

40

temperature

instrument.

installation

and

measurement

temperature

by

providing

the

rackmount

housing.

F

or

specications

in

around

operating

in

Chapter

environment

10

requirements

still conforms

with cooling

following environment

behind the

fans.



C

extremes

site

accuracy

around

appropriate

type

,

by

information

and

measurement

Chapter

the

product

of

the

function

of

the

to the

requirements

4396B to

which could

of

the

the

product

cooling

forcefully

on

ambient

accuracy

10

of

the

Function

is

kept

specication

reference),

safety

standard.

it has

been

clearance as

clearance

within

the

(refer

of

the

follows:

of

Instruction for Cleaning

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the 4396B power cable from

the receptacle before cleaning. Wipe with a dry cloth or a soft cloth

that is soaked with water and wrung tightly without undeue pressure

to clean the casing. Do not attempt to clean the 4396B internally.

1-6 Installation and Setup Guide

Conditions

Rear 180 mm

Side 60 mm

Rack/Handle Installation

The analyzer

measurement system.

can be

rack mounted

Figure 1-2

and used

shows how

as a

component in

to rack

mount the

analyzer.

Table

1-3. Rack

Mount Kits

Option Description Agilent P

Number

1CN Handle

Kit

1CM Rack Mount

1CP Rack

Mount &

Handle

Kit

Kit

5062-3991

5062-3979

5062-3985

a

art

Option 1CN Handle Kit

Figure 1-2. Rack Mount Kits Installation

Option

necessary hardware

1CN is a handle kit containing a pair of handles and the

to attach them to the instrument.

Installing the Handle

1. Remove the adhesive-backed trim strips1

front sides of the analyzer.

2. Attach the front handles3

3. Attach the trim strips4

to the sides using the screws provided.

to the handles.

Installation and Setup Guide 1-7

from the left and right

Option

1CM

Rack

Mount

Kit

Option

1CP Rack

Mount &

Option

1CM

necessary

rack

with

Mounting

1.

Remove

front

sides

2.

Attach

the

analyzer

3.

Remove

slide

the

Handle

Option

1CP

necessary

handles

attached,

spacing.

Mounting

1.

Remove

front

sides

is

a

rack

mount

hardware

482.6

the

the

the

all

foot

to

mount

mm

(19

inches)

Rack

adhesive-backed

of

the

analyzer

rack

using

four

toward

mount

feet

the

(lift

the bar).

ange

screws

Kit

is a

rack

mount

hardware

the

to

mount them

in

an

equipment

Handle and

the adhesive-backed

of

the

analyzer.

kit

containing

them

to

the instrument

horizontal spacing.

trim

strips

.

2



to the

provided.

bar

on

the inner

kit

containing

to

an

rack

with

Rack

trim strips

a

pair

of anges

1



from the

left and

right front

side of

a

pair

of

instrument

482.6

1



from

in an

left and

the foot,

anges

which

mm (19

the

left

and the

equipment

right

sides

and

and

the

has

inches)

and

right

of

2.

Attach

on

the

provided.

3. Remove

slide the

the

left

all

front

and

foot

four

toward

handle

right

feet

3



and

front sides

(lift

bar

on

the

bar).

the

of

the

rack

the

inner

mount

analyzer

side

ange

using

of

the

5



the

foot,

together

screws

and

1-8 Installation and Setup Guide

Front View

1.

LCD

system

2.

4

LINE

3.

3.5 inch

instrument

displays

5

switch

measured

messages,

turns

disk drive

settings

results

error

messages

the analyzer

is used

,

display

, softkey

,

and

ON

to store

images

menus,

Instrument

and

OFF

measurement

,

and

Instrument B

current settings

B

ASIC

.

results

ASIC

programs

,

programs.

4.

CAL OUT (spectrum analyzer calibration output port)

supplies a reference signal (20 MHz, -20 dbm) for reference level

calibration.

5.

S input (spectrum analyzer input)

receives a signal for a

spectrum measurement.

INSTALLATION CATEGORY I

6.

RF OUT (RF signal output port)

supplies a source signal for

network measurements.

Installation and Setup Guide 1-9

,

.

7.

R,

A,

and

for network

measurement inputs

B inputs

(RF signal

measurements,

.

but can

inputs)

also be

mainly

used as

accept signals

spectrum

INSTALLA

8.

MARKER

9.

INSTRUMENT

TION CA

block

STA

analyzer functions

10.

ENTRY

block

contains

increment/decrement keys

11.

Rotary

12.

SWEEP

13.

MEASUREMENT

functions

14.

ACTIVE

15.

Softkeys

pressing

function

knob

changes

block

contains

.

CHANNEL

used

with

hardkeys

or

accesses

TEGORY I

contains

TE block

.

displayed

block

block

hierarchical

.

Pressing

a

lower

keys related

contains keys

numerical keys

, edit

keys,

value

keys

related

controls

selects

to

the

the

menus

a

softkey

level

menu.

to the

, rotary

marker

related

knob

functions

to

setting

,

and unit-terminator

by

turning

the

measurement

active

that are

activates the

sweep

channel

displayed by

the

knob

functions

and

as

displayed

keys

.

.

display

1

or

2.

.

.

1-10 Installation and Setup Guide

Rear View

Caution

16.

If you

may

TEST

test

set to

connect a

cause

SET-I/O

the analyzer

printer with

damage

to

the

connector.

17.

Parallel interface

18.

GPIB interface

connects the printer to the analyzer

controls an GPIB instrument or can be controlled

by an external controller

19.

Power cable receptacle

in the cover of the receptacle

INTERCONNECT

connects

.

the TEST

printer

.

SET-I/O INTERCONNECT

Do

not

connect

.

connects the power cable

.

Installation and Setup Guide 1-11

the

a

printer

. Fuse

S-parameter

,it

to this

.

is held

Connecting a

Test

Set for

Network Analyzer

To

use the

required to

the device

You

can use

set or

the 85046A/B

measures reection

The 85046A/B

reverse directions

For

more

Function R

network analyzer

measure the

under test

either the

(DUT).

87512A/B

S-parameter test

and transmission

S-parameter test

without reconnection.

information

eference

about

manual.

Mode

mode of

the analyzer

transmission and

transmission/reection

set.

in the

set measures

the

test

sets

,a

test

set

is

reection characteristics

(T/R)

The

,

see

87512A/B

forward

both

chapter

the

T/R

direction

forward

9

of

the

test

test

only

of

set

.

and

Connecting a

Transmission/Reection

T

est

Set

1-12 Installation and Setup Guide

Figure 1-3. Connecting a Transmission/Reection T

est Set

1. Place the transmission/reection (T/R) test set in front of the

analyzer.

2. Connect the R and A ports of the analyzer and the T/R test set to

each other.

3. Connect the RF OUT port of the analyzer and the RF IN port of the

T/R test set with a semi-rigid cable.

Note

When

4

5

2

1

to

you

set

use

the

the

characteristic

87512B

,

press

impedance

4

Cal

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

MORE

(Z

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

0

)

SET

to

75

NN

Z0

NN

.

NN

N

.

Then

press

5

5

4

4

7

5

Connecting

an

S-parameter

T

est

Set

Note

Figure

1.

Place

the

2.

Connect

rear

panel

INTERCONNECT

with

the test

3. Connect the RF OUT

analyzer

the

TEST

of

the

set.

1-4.

Connecting

on

the

S-parameter

SET-I/O

analyzer

interface

, R, A, and B inputs of the analyzer to the

S-parameter test set to each other

When you use the 85064B

5

to

4

2

set the characteristic impedance (Z

1

, press

an

S-parameter

test set.

INTERCONNECT

and

the

NETWORK ANAL

of

the

test

set

.

N

NNNN

NNNN

NNNNNNNNN

5

MORE

4

Cal

)to

0

interface

using

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SET Z0

75 .

T

est

Set

on the

YZER-I/O

the cable

. Then press

furnished

4

7545

5

Installation and Setup Guide 1-13

Connecting an

Active

Probe

F

or Spectrum

The active

that has

be used

The analyzer

85024A High

41800A A

41802A 1

51701A A

11945A Close-eld

1141A Dierential

F

or

Function

Analyzer Mode

more

probe allows

no port

for both

can use

Frequency Probe

ctive Probe

M

Input

ctive

information

R

eference

you to

for connecting

spectrum and

the following

(5 Hz

A

dapter

Probe

(DC

Probe

to

Set

Probe

about

these

manual.

analyze an

to the

in-circuit signal

test set.

The active

network measurements

to

500

(5

2.5

active

(300 kHz

Hz

GHz)

active

MHz)

to

100

probes:

to

3

MHz)

probes

GHz)

,

see

.

chapter

or device

probe

can

9

of

the

1-14 Installation and Setup Guide

Figure 1-5. Spectrum Analyzer Mode (One A

ctive Probe)

1. Connect the output connector of the active probe to the S port of

the analyzer

2. Plug the probe power plug into

.

the PROBE POWER connector

.

F

or

Network

Analyzer

Mode

Using

1.

Connect

One A

Figure

ctive Probe

1-6.

Network

the

power

splitter

Analyzer

to the

Mode

RF

OUT

(One

port.

Active

Probe)

Note

2.

Connect

3.

Connect

4. Connect

into the

5. If

necessary,

The

following power

11850C,D

11667A

one

output

the

other

the

active

PROBE

terminate

Three-way P

Power

Splitter

POWER

For more information

Funtion R

eference

manual.

from

the

power splitter

output

probe

splitters are

of

the

to

the

connector

the

DUT

power

B

input

.

with

a

available

splitter

and

load.

for

ower Splitter

about these power splitters

to

the

R

input.

to

the

DUT

.

plug

the

the

probe

analyzer:

plug

, see chapter 9 of the

Installation and Setup Guide 1-15

Using

Two A

ctive Probes

1.

Connect

2.

Connect

3.

Connect

4.

If

Figure

one active

the

the

necessary

1-7.

other

RF

,

terminate

Network

probe to

active probe

OUT

port

Analyzer

the

to

the

the

DUT

R

to

DUT

with

Mode

input.

the

.

a

B

input.

load.

(Two

Active

Probes)

1-16 Installation and Setup Guide

Using

a Transmission/Reection

Test

Set

Connecting

a

K

eyboard

Figure

1.

Connect

2.

Connect

3.

If

necessary

An

mini-DIN

on

the

rear

easier

way

Instrument

functions

the

mini-DIN

4396B

.

1-8.

the 87512A/B

the

active

,

terminate

keyboard

panel

of

to

enter

B

ASIC

programs

by

using

keyboard

keyboard, see

Using

a

T/R test

probe to

the

can

be

the

analyzer

characters

.

Using

Transmission/Reection

set.

the

B

input.

DUT

with

a

load.

connected

.

The

for

the

It

can

function

HP

to

mini-DIN

le

names

also

access

keys

.

Instrument

the

F

or

mini-DIN

keyboard

,

display

the

analyzer

more

B

ASIC

T

est Set

connector

provides

titles

,

and

softkey

information

with

the

an

on

Installation and Setup Guide 1-17

Figure

1-9.

Connecting

a

K

eyboard

Setting

Up

a

Note

Note

75

 Measurement

This

Conversion.

the

1.

2.

3.

4. Press

Perform this procedure each time the analyzer is preset because the

analyzer does not retain this setting in memory

operation

Function

Attach

pad

to

option

Press

4

Cal

NN

INPUT Z

Press

4

*

4

Entry O

F

or

F

the

the

Spectrum

requires

or

detail

R

eference

11852B

S

input. This

the

option

information

manual.

Option

C04

minimum loss

Analyzer

1D7

50

about

option

50

N(m)/75

pad is

to

75

Mode

Input

1D7,



N(f)

furnished

Impedance

see

chapter 9

minimum loss

with

1D7.

5

.

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

.

5

to set the impedance of the source (75 ). Then press

5

.

.

of

the

1-18 Installation and Setup Guide

2

Spectrum

Before

Y

ou

Analyzer T

In this

Before starting

(see chapter

information).

Leave

On

The

On

measurement by

Overview

The

1.

2.

our

chapter

T

our

this

tour

following

Preparing

Turning

Connecting

Setting

up

Setting the

,

you

this

1,

\Installation

,

you

will

measuring the

is

a

short

for

a

measurement

ON

the

the

the

analyzer

active channel

explore

tour

,

verify

learn

summary

analyzer

test

signal

the

and

how

spectrum

the

analyzer

Setup

to

make

CAL OUT

of

the

source

analyzer

Guide

a

basic

signal

tour:

is

correctly

,"

if

you

spectrum

of

mode

need

the

of

operation.

installed

additional

analyzer

analyzer

.

Selecting the

Selecting the

Setting the

3.

Making

Reading

Setting

a

analyzer type

input

frequency range

Measurement

the

peak

level

the

resolution bandwidth

using

the

marker

to

see

low

level

signals

Searching for harmonics using the search function

4. Saving and recalling the analyzer settings

Preparing the disk

Saving analyzer settings

Entering

the le name

Recalling the analyzer settings

After you nish this tour, you will understand how to make a basic

measurement in the spectrum analyzer mode of operation. If you

want to learn how to perform more complex tasks, see the

Reference

manual.

Task

Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2-1

Required Equipment

T

o

perform

equipment:

all the

steps in

this tour

,you

must have

the following

4396B

N

BNC

3.5

*

Furnished with

Network/Spectrum Analyzer

to BNC

cable

inch 2HD

Adapter

*

(or 2DD)

the analyzer

(50 )

*

Blank

Disk

.

Figure

2-1.

Required Equipment

2-2 Spectrum Analyzer Tour

Step 1:

Preparing for

a Measurement

Turning ON

Connecting

the analyzer

the

T

est

Signal

Verify

analyzer.

Press

The

operating

In

(20

the power

the

LINE

power

Source

this

MHz

If necessary

switch

on

self-test

correctly

tour

,

you

at

-20

source setting

,see

takes

,

the

following

use

the

front-panel

dBm).

is correct

chapter 1,

about

information

before you

\Installation

10

seconds

CAL

OUT

and

.

If

the

is

displayed

signal

turning

Setup

analyzer

as

the

on

test

ON

Guide

is

the

signal

the

."

LCD:

Connect

the CAL OUT output to the S input using the N-to-BNC adapter and the BNC cable

Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2-3

.

Step 2:

Setting Up

the Analyzer

Setting

the

A

ctive

Channel

In this

Active

step,

you will

channel

Analyzer type

Input

Frequency Range

The

two

front

to

channel

analyzer

dierent

panel

has

measurement

aect

2:

set the

following parameters:

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Spectrum analyzer

S

input

0Hz

to 80

two

measurement

setups

only

the

active channel.

2

MHz

channels

.

Other selections

mode

.

To

This

allows

set the

you to

you make

active

channel

have

on the

Note

In

the

A

CTIVE

4

5

.

Chan

2

All

selected

must

measurement

CHANNEL

select

settings

an

active

setup

block,

are

for

press

stored

channel

that

V

erify

lights

separately

(1

or 2)

channel.

the

Chan

.

for

each

before you

2

active

channel

channel.

can change

indicator

Y

ou

the

2-4 Spectrum Analyzer Tour

Setting

the

Analyzer

Type

In

the

T

o

use

the

the

spectrum

MEASUREMENT

spectrum

analyzer

block,

analyzer

mode

press

4

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mode

after

5

.

,

you

selecting

F

F

F

F

F

ANALYZER

Press

must

an active

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

set the

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

F

TYPE

analyzer type

channel.

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

.

to

Note

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

Press

Changing the

channel.

changing

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

If

the

F

F

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

analyzer

you

want

analyzer

F

F

F

.

type

to

type

keep

,

presets

rst

the

the

current

set

the

analyzer

measurement

other

channel

for

the

active

settings

to

active

when

.

Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2-5

Selecting the

Input

The

analyzer

measurements

be

used for

inputs

variable

the

S input

In

the spectrum

the

following steps

In

the

MEASUREMENT

has

, the

a spectrum

is 20

dB worse

. Therefore

for spectrum

block,

four inputs;

S input

is used.

measurement, but

than the

,to

get the

measurements.

analyzer mode

,you

verify the

press

4

Meas

S, R,

A, and

The R,

S input

and the

most accurate

,the

S

input

S

input

5

.

V

erify

the

(This

shows

spectrum

B.

In most

A, and

the dynamic

spectrum

Binputs

range of

can

attenuator is

results,

is

selected

is

selected.

F

F

FF

F

S

in

that

you should

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

S

F

input

SPECTRUM:

the

by

F

FF

FF

FF

S

is

default.

FF

F

is

selected

analyzer measurement.)

also

these

not

use

In

underlined.

for

a

Setting

the

Frequency

Range

The

CAL

OUT

signal

source

.

T

o

see

this

frequency

range

In the SWEEP block, press

(in

4

(20

MHz

signal

Start

on

this

case

5

. Press

at

0

display

,

0

to

20

80

dBm)

,

you

must

MHz):

5

.

4

0

is

connected

set

as

the

appropriate

test

signal

2-6 Spectrum Analyzer Tour

Press

Press

4

2

4

8

V

erify

as

4

Stop

4

M/

5

.

5

.



shown

below:

5

.

1

5

5

4

.

0

the

20

MHz

signal

is

displayed

Press

Press

Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2-7

Step 3:

Making a

Measurement

Reading the

Peak

Level Using

Let's try

Press

4

Search

the Marker

to read

5

.

peak signal

level by

Marker

using the

appears

marker:

on

trace.

2-8 Spectrum Analyzer Tour

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

Press

SEARCH:PEAK

F

.

Read the marker value shown at the upper

right of grid.

Marker

signal.

moves

to

the top

of the

CAL OUT

Setting

the

Resolution

Bandwidth

T

o

see

lower

noise

oor

to

level

level,

See

use

Low

signals

a

narrow

Level

that

Signals

are

approximately

resolution bandwidth

the

same level

(

rbw

as the

) setting.

Before

level.

technique

very

Press

The

top

4

Scale

This

close

Ref

trace

line

you

5

of

is

.

moves

set

the

increases

useful

to

the

noise

upward

the

grid.

RBW

the

when

,

set the

visibility

you

level.

to

maximum peak

of

the lower

are

measuring

Press

place

the

FF

MKR

tip

FF

FF

FF

F

F

!

of

level as

level signal.

two

signals

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

REFERENCE

the

maximum

the reference

This

and

one is

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

.

peak at

the

Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2-9

Press

4

Bw/A

Now

bandwidth,

below:

,

5

vg

with

5

.

the

noise

oor

level

the

second

and

third

Press

lowered

harmonics

to

4

+

by

narrow

RBW

narrowing

can

be

seen

setting

the

resolution

as shown

to

3

kHz.

2-10 Spectrum Analyzer Tour

Searching

for

Harmonics

Press

Using

Y

ou

can

peak

search

4

Search

the

easily

5

.

Search

readout

function:

Function

a

harmonics'

frequency

F

F

F

SEARCH:PEAK

Press

and

level

by using

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

.

the

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

NEXT PEAK

Press

To move the marker to the second harmonic

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

press

NEXT PEAK

F

.

again.

The

marker

moves

to

the

third

harmonic

.

,

Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2-11

Step 4:

Preparing the

Saving and

Disk

Recalling Analyzer

You

can store

using the

settings that

T

o

use

a

the settings

analyzer's disk

you selected

disk,

you

must

steps:

V

erify

the

disk

is

not

write

protected.

Settings

or measurement

drive.

In this

previously in

rst initialize

Insert

data on

tour,

you save

this tour

it by

performing the

the

disk

into

.

a3.5

the

and

disk

inch

disk

recall

following

drive

the

2-12 Spectrum Analyzer Tour

Press

Toggle

F

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

STOR DEV [MEMORY]

5

4

.

Save

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

FORMAT [DOS]

to

to

FFFFFFFFFFFFFF

[LIF]

F

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

[DISK]

and

.

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FILE

Press

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

Press

INTIALIZE DISK

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

UTILITIES

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

.

.

Note

Press

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

INITIALIZE

The

analyzer

DOS

(Disk

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

Operating

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

DISK:

can

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

YES

use

.

either

System)

a

LIF

format

The

message

is

displayed.

message is

(Logical

disk.

,

\INITIALIZE

After

the

turned o.

Interchange

DISK

disk

Format)

In

is

initialized,

Progress

this

or a

,"

Saving

Analyzer Settings

Press

Note

In

the following

analyzer

4

Save

The

settings

settings

5

.

analyzer

.

Entering the File

example,

you

requests

want

the

Name

use \SA

to

save

le

name

TOUR" as

.

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

STATE

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you

want

the

le

name

of

F

F

F

F

F

F

.

to

use for

the

If a keyboard is connected, you can use it for le name entry

use the front-panel controls as described in

the following steps

the

saved

. If not,

.

Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2-13

Note

The

However

sux.

Either

A

The

contains

the

you

case

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below

le

the

the

le

name

,

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upper

name

le

name

up

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name

can

enter

sensitive

rotary

knob

rst

character

with

for a

to

.

for

a

the

analyzer

,

you

or

lower

DOS format

can

be

3

characters

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extension

a

le

in

the DOS

to move

,

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LIF

format

can

case

up

to

name

the arrow

can be

,

the

last 2

enter

a

le name

is

recognized

consists of

8 characters

.

A

period separates

part

reserved by

of

up to

8 characters

format.

Press

up to

10 characters

characters are

of up

to 8

in the

a le

long and

LIF format.

name and

the extension

the extension

the analyzer

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F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

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F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

SELECT

LETTER

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long.

reserved for

characters.

an extension.

le name

F

F

F

FF

.

a

from

. Therefore

is

not

,

2-14 Spectrum Analyzer Tour

Keep

entering

entered.

characters

until

SA

TOUR

If

you

enter

a

wrong

to

erase

character

the

is

F

F

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

SPACE

F

BACK

,

press

character

.

T

o

complete

the

le

name

entry

,

press

F

F

F

F

F

DONE

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

.

V

erify

the

disk

access

shows

to the

that

disk).

the

indicator

analyzer

is

saving

lights

the

(this

settings

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the

Analyzer

Settings

Y

ou

can

recall

the

le

you

want.

settings

the

settings

containing

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is

true

,

even

.

In

this

in

example

the

SA

,

TOUR

you

if

le

you

will

.

the

change

preset

saved

analyzer

the

the analyzer

current

Presetting

Press

4

5

.

Preset

The

analyzer

is

set

to the

preset

conditions

.

However

settings from the previous examples are stored in the SA

the disk.

settings

analyzer

and then

,

the

analyzer

TOUR le on

anytime

recall

Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2-15

Recalling

the S

ATOUR

le

.

Note

Press

The

stored

area.

settings

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analyzer

to

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are

what

manual.

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that

the

recalled.

5

.

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F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

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you

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name

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in

the

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F

F

F

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F

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to

recall

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in

.

access

Y

ou

are

softkey

the

a

DOS

lamp

can

verify

saved,

label

analyzer

analyzer

format,

goes

out, all

them on

see chapter

The

disk access

settings

an

extension,

the display

8of

lamp lights

are

saved.

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If

you

,"

analyzer settings

.If

you want

the

Function

.

save

is

appended

that you

to

Reference

the

set

know

2-16 Spectrum Analyzer Tour

3

Network

Before

Y

ou

Analyzer T

In this

Before starting

(see chapter

information).

Leave

On

The

On

measurement by

bandpass lter

Overview

The

1.

2. Setting

our

chapter

T

our

this

tour

following

Preparing

Turning

Connecting

up

,

you

this

1,

\Installation

,

you

will

measuring the

.

is

a

short

for

a

ON

the

the

the

analyzer

explore

tour

,

verify

the

and

learn

how

summary

measurement

analyzer

DUT

network

the

Setup

to

analyzer

Guide

make

analyzer

is

correctly

,"

if

a

basic

mode

you

need

network

of

installed

analyzer

transmission characteristics

of

the

tour:

operation.

additional

of

a

Setting the

Selecting the

Setting

Setting

P

erforming

3. Making

active channel

analyzer type

the

input

the

frequency

the

automatic

a calibration

port

range

scaling

4. Reading a measurement result

Reading a measured value by using marker

5. Printing out the measurement result

Conguring and connecting a printer

Making

After you

a hardcopy of the display

nish this tour

, you will understand how to make a basic

measurement in the network analyzer of operation. If you want to

learn how to perform more complex tasks, see the

Task Reference

manual.

Network Analyzer Tour 3-1

Required Equipment

T

o

perform

equipment:

all the

steps in

this tour

,you

must have

the following

4396B

Measurement

THRU

Two

T

Network/Spectrum Analyzer

Device:

This

tour assumes

bandpass

lter

(BNC female-to-female

BNC cables

est Set

(use either

Transmission/Reection

Two

N-to-BNC adapters

S-P

arameter T

Two

APC7-to-N adapters

Two

N-to-BNC adapters

HP

DeskJet Printer

P

arallel Interface

*

If

you

do

not

have

\Printing Out

the

the device

of the

following)

(T/R) T

est

Set

*

*

Cable

an

DeskJet

Measurement

under test

connector)

est Set

printer

and

Results".

(DUT) is

cable

,

skip

a70

step

MHz

5,

3-2 Network Analyzer Tour

Figure 3-1. Required Equipment

Step 1:

Preparing for

the Measurement

You

must set

setup procedure

for Network

up the

test set

for the

Analyzer Mode

before you

test set

"in

turn ON

is described

Chapter 1.

the

analyzer

in \Connecting

.

The

aT

est

Set

Turning

Connecting

ON

the

the

Analyzer

Press the

DUT

LINE switch.

The

power

Connect

on self-test

the

DUT

as

shown

takes about

in

Figure

10

seconds

3-2

or

.

Figure

3-3

.

Figure 3-2. Transmission/Reection Test Set Setup

Network Analyzer Tour 3-3

Figure

3-3.

S-P

arameter

T

est

Set

Setup

3-4 Network Analyzer Tour

Step 2:

Setting up

the Analyzer

Setting

the

A

ctive

Channel

Before you

t your

frequency range

start the

measurement requirements

of the

following parameters:

Active

channel

Analyzer type

Inputs

Format

Frequency Range

Because

two

active

the

dierent

channel

analyzer

measurement

to

channel

measurement, you

.F

measurement. In

Channel

1

Network analyzer

B/R

Log

Center

has

two

(depending on

or S

21

magnitude

70

MHz,

measurement

setups

at

the

1:

must set

or example

this step

mode

(default)

Span

500

channels

same

up the

,you

,you

the test

kHz

time

.

analyzer to

must set

will set

set)

you

can

T

o

change

the

the

have

the

In

4

Chan

the

A

CTIVE

5

.

1

CHANNEL

block,

press

V

erify

lights

the

Chan

1

active

channel

indicator

.

Network Analyzer Tour 3-5

Setting

the

Analyzer

Type

In

the

T

o

use

the

analyzer

type

channel.

MEASUREMENT

analyzer

to

the

block,

in

the

network

press

4

network

analyzer

5

.

Meas

analyzer

mode after

F

F

ANALYZER

Press

mode

,you

must set

selecting the

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

TYPE

.

the

active

Press

F

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

NETWORK

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

ANALYZER

F

F

F

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

.

3-6 Network Analyzer Tour

Selecting the

Input

The

analyzer

and

B). Usually

A

input receives

receives

This

example assumes

because

the

DUT,

When

you use

and

reverse characteristics

the

inputs.

the

forward direction.

uses

,the

the transmission

you are

select B/R

the S-parameter

In that

three inputs

R input

the reection

signal through

you are

going to

measure

to measure

of a

case,

select

for network

accepts the

signal from

using the

the

the

ratio

test set,

2-port device

for

S

21

measurements (R,

RF OUT

signal directly

the DUT

the DUT

T/R test

.

set. Therefore

transmission

of

B

and

R

you

can

measure

without

a transmission

A,

,

,and

the B

input

characteristics

inputs

.

the

forward

reconnecting

measurement in

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Network Analyzer Tour 3-7

Setting

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3-8 Network Analyzer Tour

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the LCD

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3. Format is set to log magnitude mode.

4. Center frequency is set to 70 MHz.

5. Frequency span is set to 500 kHz.

.

Network Analyzer Tour 3-9

Step 3:

Making a

Calibration

To

ensure accurate

making a

uncertainty.

cancel a

connector) is

transmission measurement.

measurement results

measurement. Calibration

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frequency response

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3-10 Network Analyzer Tour

Press

Press

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FF

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erform

Network Analyzer Tour 3-11

Step 4:

Reading a

Measurement Result

You

may want

You

can use

the frequency

to readout

the marker

and response

the measured

function for

value at

values on

this purpose

the marker

the displayed

.The

marker

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trace

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alue

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by

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block, press

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Marker

5

. V

erify a

marker

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the

trace

.

3-12 Network Analyzer Tour

Turn

the

knob

to

the

right

to

move the

marker

toward

the

right.

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marker has

evaluate

the trace

a

search

results

function

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or

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example

the

values

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display.

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press

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.

MAX

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Read

the

displayed

.

frequency

at

the

upper

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response

right

values

of

the

display

.

Network Analyzer Tour 3-13

Step 5:

Printing Out

the Measurement

You

may want

record of

a snapshot

external controller

a hardcopy

the measurement.

of the

display or

.

Result

of the

measured results

The analyzer

as a

list of

for a

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information

manual.

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connector

about

on

the

printer

back

, see

of

the

analyzer

the chapter

.

9

of

the

Function

3-14 Network Analyzer Tour

Press

4

Copy

F

FFFFFF

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.

PRINT [STANDARD]

Press

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to execute the

printing.

4

Spectrum

Basic Setup

Measurement Examples

This chapter

Harmonic distortion

Carrier/noise ratio

Tracking a

Network

Amplitude

Frequency

Burst

T

o

measure

Figure

contains

drifting

measurement

modulation

modulation

signal

the

4-1

.

the

following

measurement

(

c/n

)

signal

with

(

am

(

fm

measurement

spectrum

of

measurement

)

)

a

spectrum

spectrum

signal

signal

test

signal,

measurement

measurement

measurement

monitor

use

the

S

input

examples:

as

shown

in

Figure 4-1. Basic Connection for Spectrum

Measurement

The spectrum of input signals can also be monitored at the A, B

R inputs

in

. The use of the spectrum monitor function is described later

this chapter

.

Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-1

, and

Harmonic Distortion

Measurement

T

est

Signal

Measurement

and

T

est

Setup

The analyzer

between the

The test

a20

Device

The

Connection

Set

signal used

MHz sine

following

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Frequency:

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est

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up

the

can simultaneously

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wave input

test

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100

MHz

analyzer

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example is

signal.

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shown

display the

harmonics up

the output

device

in

are

Figure

4-2

dierence values

to the

of an

used

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this

.

seventh harmonic

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.

4-2 Spectrum Measurement Examples

Figure

4-2. Harmonics

Measurement Setup

Analyzer

Settings

Multiple

A

ctive

Block

Measurement

Block

Sweep

P

eak Search

Channel

Block

Select

Select

Select

Start

Stop

and Marker

Press

channel

Spectrum

S

frequency

frequency

Harmonic components

the

marker

can

be

all

markers

procedure

1.

Press

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2.

Press

tracking

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marker

to

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Figure

5

4

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input

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1.8

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set

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GHz

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harmonic

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peaks

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and

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trace

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all

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Chan

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on

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(default)

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4

Start

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read

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F

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F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

SPECTRUM

Measurement

sub-markers

and

frequency

.

The

following

the harmonics:

turn

the

the marker

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to

turn

N

N

N

N

N

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ALL

to

the

turn marker

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ANALYZER

by

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search

move

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as

shown

F

F

F

F

F

of

.

the

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

in

Figure 4-3.

Using Multiple Peak Search and Marker List to Measure Harmonic

Distortion

5.

Press

4

measurement.

Marker

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5

PRESET MKRS

, when you are nished with this

Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-3

C/N

Measurement

T

est

Signal

C/N

is the

ratio of

noise

level directly

Do

the \Harmonic

measurement.

This

example

Distortion

Measurement"

the carrier

and read

Distortion Measurement"

uses

the same

to the

out the

test signal

example

noise.

C/N using

.

The analyzer

before doing

used in

can measure

the marker

the \Harmonic

functions.

this

Measurement

Fixed

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and

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example

made

in

the

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Change

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fundamental

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displays

of

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4

the

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this

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measurement:

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to zoom

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at

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on

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4-4 Spectrum Measurement Examples

Figure 4-4.

Using Markers and Noise Format to Measure C/N Ratio

6.

Press

4

measurement.

Ma

rk

5

er

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N

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MKRS

when

you are

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Tracking

Measurement

a

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est

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ctive

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sweep

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following

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channel

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input

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the

analyzer

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test

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test

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4

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a

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signal

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the

the

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sweep

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analyzer's

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example

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Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-5

Tracking

an

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In

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this

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Display

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the

signal

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N

N

N

N

N

center

the

a

display

a

display

center

at

the

marker

the

marker close

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

TRK

NN

on

frequency

marker

when

after

frequency

center

has

drifted

NN

N

OFF

N

N

N

on.

N

N

N

N

N

N

to

signal

the

of

to

to the

N

to

turn

automatically

the

center

track

analyzer

has

been

the

display

a

higher

signal you

the

signal track

of

the

is

ON

sweeps

changed

.

Channel

frequency

changes

display

at

channel

a

few

to

2

.

want to

on. As

to

.

1.

times

maintain

shows

.

4-6 Spectrum Measurement Examples

Figure 4-5.

Display

When

Starting

Signal

Figure 4-6. Display After Signal Has Drifted

Track

Network Measurement

with Spectrum

Monitor

During a

from an

detect the

network measurement,

adjacent circuit

eect of

the spectrum

Inuence

on

these spurious

of the

input signal

Network

crosstalk or

can change

the measurement

inputs,

at

the

Figure 4-7.

Measurement

Circuit

leakage (such

the analyzer

R,

A,

and

by

Leakage

B

inputs

from

as noise)

results.

To

can monitor

.

an

A

djacent

Measurement

Setup

In

this

an

adjacent

240

example

MHz

and

,

signal

the

the

source

DUT

network

.

The

is

a

250 MHz

measurement

frequency

bandpass

circuit

of the

lter

has

signal

.

leakage

source

from

is

Connection

Figure 4-8. Network Measurement With Spectrum Monitor Setup

Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-7

Analyzer

Settings

P

erforming

A

ctive

Channel

Block

Measurement

Block

Sweep

Block

Calibration

Press

4

Desired Settings Key

Select

channel

Select

Spectrum

Select

S

21

Select

LOG

Center

frequency

Span

frequency 200

P

erform

follows:

1.

Press

2.

Connect

cables

3.

Press

measurement.

4.

Press

N

N

N

CORRECTION

to

5

. Then

Preset

1

Analyzer

(or

B/R)

measurement

MA

G

format

250 MHz

MHz

a

frequency

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

CALIBRATE

5

4

Cal

a

THRU

in

place

of

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

THRU

to

perform

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

DONE:RESPONSE

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

set

the

response

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

calibration

the

DUT

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

ON

off

analyzer's

4

Chan

1

Press

4

Meas

4

5

Meas

4

F

ormat

Press

4

Center

Press

4

Span

calibration

N

N

N

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

MENU

standard

.

a

frequency

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

CORRECTION

(

N

N

N

.)

controls

5

(default)

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

ANALYZER

5

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

N

N

N

N

F

F

LOG

N

N

N

N

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

MAG

5

5

200

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

F

FF

FF

250

N

N

N

N

response

N

N

N

N

Trans:FWD

5

N

N

N

N

RESPONSE

N

N

N

N

as

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

S21

F

F

F

F

(default)

5

4

M/



5

4

M/



for

this

N

N

N

N

N

.

between

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

on

OFF

follows:

Strokes

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

TYPE

F

F

F

F

F

F

[B/R]

N

N

N

N

N

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

NETWORK

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

measurement

the

measurement

calibration

N

N

is

automatically

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

ANALYZER

data

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

as

set

Network

Measurement

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

1.

Press

4

Scale

2.

Press

4

Sea

rch

trace

.

The

in

Figure

Transmission Measurement Result (Inuenced by Leakage)

AUTO

5

Ref

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

PEAK

5

transmission

4-9

.

to

N

SCALE

put the

to

marker on

measurement

Figure 4-9.

t

scale

to

an

result

the

trace

unknown

is

displayed

.

peak

as

of

the

shown

4-8 Spectrum Measurement Examples

The

measurement result

shows an

unknown

peak

at

240

MHz.

Monitoring

the

Leakage

Signal

During

is

turned o.

1.

Press

2.

Press

3.

Press

4.

Press

at

the B

the spectrum

To

monitor the

5

Chan

Meas

Center

Span

.

2

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

ANALYZER

5

5

250

5

200

4

4

4

4

Input Using

measurement sweep

input signal

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

TYPE

5

.

4

M/



5

.

4

M/



NN

NN

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

SPECTRUM

the Spectrum

,the

network measurement

at the

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

Binput:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

ANALYZER

Monitor

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

B

.

The

Figure

spectrum

4-10.

Spectrum

measurement

Monitoring

result

shows

Result

at

the leakage

the

signal

B

Input

at

240

MHz.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

5.

Press

display both

same time

4

Displa

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

5

y

DUAL

the

CHAN

network

on

and

OFF

the

N

to

spectrum

.

ON

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

off

to

perform

measurements

and

at

the

Figure 4-11. Dual Display of Network and Spectrum Measurement

Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-9

AM Signal

Measurement

Test

Measurement

A

ctive

Block

Measurement

Block

Signal

Setup

Channel

In this

example,

are derived:

Carrier amplitude

Modulating frequency

The

following

AM

Signal

Frequency

Modulating

Modulation

test

(

signal

index

Connection

Connect

the

test

Analyzer Settings

Press

Select

channel

Select

Spectrum Analyzer

Select

S

4

Preset

Desired

input

5

.

Then

Settings

1

the following

)and

(

E

c

) and

(

f

m

signal

is

used

):

100

f

c

MHz

frequency

(

m

):

15%

signal

set

source

the

analyzer's

4

Chan

Press

4

Meas

parameters for

frequency (

f

modulation index

in

this

example:

):

10

(

f

m

to

the

S

input.

controls

5

(default)

1

F

F

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

ANALYZER

5

4

Meas

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

SPECTRUM:S

5

F

)

c

kHz

F

F

F

F

FF

F

F

F

K

F

F

ey

F

F

(default)

AM signal

(

as

follows:

Strokes

F

F

F

F

TYPE

F

F

F

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

measurement

m

)

F

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

SPECTRUM

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

F

F

ANALYZER

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

Carrier

Sweep

Amplitude

Block

and

Center

frequency

Span

frequency

Frequency

Press

4

Scale

rescaled.

1.

Press

2.

Press

and frequency

Figure 4-12.

100

MHz

200

kHz

Measurement

5

and enter

Ref

5

rch

to

turn

4

Sea

NNNNNNNNNNN

MAX

to search

are displayed in the upper right corner as shown in

Press

Press

Using

the reference

the

marker

4

Center

4

Span

5

on.

5

100

200

4

the

value if

5

4

M/



5

k/m

Marker

the

trace

needs

to

for the carrier signal. The carrier amplitude

be

4-10 Spectrum Measurement Examples

Figure

4-12.

Carrier

Amplitude

and

Frequency of

AM Signal

Modulating

Frequency

The

frequency

and

Modulation

3.

Press

4.

Press

The

sweep

modulation

marker

4

Ma

4

Sea

oset

shows

)

is

(

100

f

c

Index

NN

N

N

N

N

1MODE

5

rk

er

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

SEARCH:PEAK

5

rch

value

parameter

frequency

that

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

from

the

carrier amplitude

MHz.

Measurement

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

MENU

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

1MKR

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

NEXT

the carrier

value

shown

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

in

N

N

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

PEAK

is

displayed

Figure

)

is

(

E

c

Using 1Marker

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

to

search

as

the

4-13

.

This

0

19.949

for

a sideband.

marker

value

dBm

is

and

the

Figure 4-13. Modulating Frequency of AM Signal

The 1marker shows that

carrier is

0

19.76

dB. The modulation index (

the following equation:

1

Mkr+6

m

=10

20

=20:51%

where

1Mkr

is the 1marker sweep parameter value shown in

Figure 4-13.

the sideband amplitude value relative to the

m

) can be derived from

Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-11

FM Signal

Measurement

T

est

Measurement

A

ctive

Block

Measurement

Block

Sweep

Signal

Setup

Channel

Block

This example

value.

The

following

Wide band

Carrier frequency:

Modulating frequency:

Frequency deviation:

Narrow band

Carrier frequency:

Modulating frequency:

Frequency deviation:

Connection

Connect

Analyzer

Press

Select

Select

Select

RBW

Center

Span

the

4

Preset

Desired

channel

Spectrum

S

input

1

kHz

frequency

frequency

test

Settings

5

.

Settings

1

Analyzer

100

5MHz

describes how

test

signals

are used

FM Signal

100 MHz.

FM Signal

100 MHz.

signal

Then

set

to

the

MHz

to derive

1kHz.

1MHz.

1kHz.

5kHz.

the

S

input.

analyzer's

4

5

Chan

1

Press

4

Meas

F

FF

SPECTRUM:S

4

5

Meas

4

Press

Press

Rw/Avg

4

4

5

Center

Span

the frequency

in this

example:

controls

(default)

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

ANALYZER

5

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

5

1

4

k/m

5

100

5

5

4

M/



K

ey

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

(default)

4

M/



5

as

Strokes

F

F

F

FF

F

F

F

F

TYPE

5

deviation (1f

follows:

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

SPECTRUM

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

F

F

ANALYZER

)

p

eak

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

Frequency

Deviation of

4-12 Spectrum Measurement Examples

Wide Band

Press

4

Scale Ref

FM Signal

5

and enter reference value if the trace needs to be

rescaled.

Frequency Deviation

NN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

1.

2.

3.

Press

Press

Press

4

Search

4

Marker

4

Search

N

5

SEARCH:PEAK

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

1MODE MENU

NNNNNNN

5

SEARCH:PEAK

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNN

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

1MKR

NNNNNNN

NNN

NEXT PEAK

N

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

.

Figure

4-14.

Wide

Band

FM

Signal Measurement

The

frequency

equation:

1

f

where

Figure

kHz.

Press

measurement.

Carrier

The

method

zooming

signal.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1Mkr

4-14

.

5

4

Ma

rk

er

Level

carrier

Press

Press

Press

Press

Press

level

similar

function

4

Displa

4

Ma

4

Mark

N

N

N

N

NN

CROSS CHAN on OFF

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

RETURN

deviation

=

peak

is

the

In

this

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

PRESET

and

and

to

5

y

5

to

rk

er

er

!

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

)

can

(

1f

peak

j

1

M

k

r

j

2

marker

example

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

the

is

used

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

DUAL

put

NN

NN

MORE

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MKR ZOOM

sweep

,

the frequency

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

MKRS

when

Modulating Frequency

modulating

AM

signal

to

measure

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

CHAN on

the

maker

NN

NN

NN

N

NN

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

ZOOMING APERTURE

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNN

to zoom up to the carrier signal.

be

parameter

you

frequency

measurement.

the

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

OFF

on

the carrier

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

to

N

ON off

N

N

derived

are

nished

carrier

N

N

N

NN

ON

to

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

from

value shown

deviation is

with

can

be

derived

In

this

and

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

off

.

frequency.

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

0.2

4

2

.

the following

in

about

this

using

example

the

adjacent

5

.

1

981

,

the

a

9. Press

10. Press

11. Press

12. Press

13.

4

5

Chan 2

4

Scale Ref

rescaled.

4

Marker

frequency. The carrier amplitude can be read as the marker

value.

4

Marker

Press

4

Search

the marker to the sideband.

.

5

and enter reference vale if the trace needs to be

5

5

100

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

1MODE MENU

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

SEARCH:PEAK

to move the marker to the career

4

M/



NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

1MKR

to put the 1maker on the carrier.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LEFT PEAK

(or

Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-13

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

RIGHT PEAK

)tomove

Press

you

4

are

Figure

Displa

y

nished

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

DUAL

4-15.

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

CHAN

with

Zooming

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

ON

this

measurement.

NN

N

N

N

N

off

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Carrier

N

N

N

N

N

N

on

to

Signal

N

N

N

NN

NN

OFF

of FM

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

and

then

Signal

4

Chan

5

1

when

Narrow

Band FM

Signal

Measurement

1.

2.

3.

Change

Press

the

Press

the

4

Chan

narrow

4

Scale

test

signal source

5

4

Span

1

band

5

0

10

Ref

5

FM

100

signal

4

2

to the

5

4

4

k/m

Bw/Avg

is

displayed.

5

.

1

narrow

5

10

4

k/m

band

5

.

Figure 4-16. Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement

4. Press

4

Chan 254Span

5

100

4

k/m54Bw/Avg

5104

k/m54Scale Ref

same as channel 1.

5. Press

4

Display

NNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

DATA HOLD [OFF]

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNN

NNNNNN

MAX

and then wait for a few

sweeps until the trace is stable. The maximum envelope is

displayed.

6.

Press

4

Display

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

DATA!MEMORY

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DATA and MEMORY

display the maximum envelope.

FM

signal.

The

spectrum

5010

to store and

of

5

as

4

2

1

4-14 Spectrum Measurement Examples

7.

Press

until

8.

Press

knob

frequency

9.

Press

10.

Press

to move

xed 1marker

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

DATA

the

4

Ma

to move

NN

NN

NN

1MODE MENU

N

N

N

N

N

N

RETURN

N

HOLD [MAX]

trace

N

N

N

N

MKR

5

rker

the marker

deviation.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

the marker

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

is

stable

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

ON

NN

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

FIXED 1MKR

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

MKR

ON

value.

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

The

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

[DATA]

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

[MEMORY]

to

the

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

MIN

and then

minimum envelope

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

to the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

position

N

to

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

[MEMORY]

desired

N

.

N

N

N

NN

N

[DATA]

to

that

wait for

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

position

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

is

the

NN

N

N

.

NN

Then

NN

N

.

Then

same

afew

sweeps

is displayed.

turn

the

to

measure

turn

the

value

as

the

knob

the

Maximum

The

equation

example

11.

Press

and

12.

Press

superimposes

Figure 4-18

and

frequency

that

,

1f

peak

5

4

Displa

y

its

envelope

N

N

MORE

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

SPLIT

.

Minimum

deviation

is

used

can

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

DUAL

are

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

the

spectrum on

(

for

the

be

derived

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

CHAN

displayed

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

DISP

Figure

Envelopes

)

can

peak

wide

to

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

OFF

on the

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

off

the envelopes

N

1f

N

N

on

N

N

ON

4-17.

of

be

band

be

5

kHz.

N

N

N

N

N

N

ON

to

split display

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

on

to

Narrow

derived

FM

signal. In

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

off

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

OFF

Band

from

.

Both

.

.

The

analyzer

as shown

FM

the

this

the

in

Signal

same

spectrum

Figure 4-18. Superimposing Spectrum and Envelopes

Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-15

Burst Signal

Measurement

Test

Measurement

Signal

Setup

This measurement

analyzer.

settings for

The

Pulse

kHz

Duty

RF

A summary

dierent signals

following

period

)

ratio

frequency

test

is

(

pri

80% (

is

Connection

Setup

the

analyzer

requires that

of how

is contained

signal

is

used

)

=100



s

pulse width

960 MHz

as

shown

in

option 1D6

to determine

gate delay

at the

in

this example:

(pulse repetition



is

80



s)

Figure

4-19

.

be installed

end of

frequency

in the

and gate

length

this example

prf

is

.

10

Active Channel

Block

Measurement

Block

Sweep Block

4-16 Spectrum Measurement Examples

Analyzer

Press

4

Preset

Figure

Settings

5

.

Then

4-19.

set

Burst

the

analyzer's

Desired Settings Key Strokes

Select channel 1

4

Chan 1

Select Spectrum Analyzer Press

Select S input

4

Meas

Set RBW to 100 kHz Press

Center frequency 960 MHz Press

Span frequency 10 MHz Press

Signal

controls

5

(default)

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

5

ANALYZER TYPE

4

Meas

FFFFFFF

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

5

SPECTRUM:S

4

Bw/Avg

4

5

Center

4

5104

Span

Measurement

as

follows:

FFFFFFFFFFFFFF

(default)

M/

4



4

M/

k/m

5

5

5



5

100

960

Setup

F

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

Gated

Sweep

for

Burst

Signal

Measurement

1.

2.

3.

Burst

Press

the

trigger

Press

Press

signal

4

Trigger

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

GATE

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

Signal

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Measurement

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

TRIGGER:[FREE

5

mode

to

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

DELAY

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

GATE LENGTH

spectrum

as

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

the

N

N

N

30

NN

N

N

N

N

shown

NN

30

NN

NN

4

NN

N

N

N

N

edge

M/

4

M/

N



Figure

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

RUN]

mode

5

for

5

.

The



in

Figure

4-20.

Result

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

.

setup

analyzer

4-21

Using

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

GATE

time

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

[LEVEL]

of

displays

Normal

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

the

RBW

N

N

N

N

NN

only

Sweep

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

EDGE

.

N

N

N

N

N

the

to

select

RF

Figure 4-21. Burst Signal Measurement Using Gated Sweep

Zero Span for Time Domain Measurement

Using zero span, the analyzer can show the envelope of the burst

signal. The repetitive sampling mode can sample a faster signal.

1.

Press

2.

Press

3. Press

4

Trigger

4

Display

4

Chan 2

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

SWEEP:HOLD

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

DUAL CHAN on OFF

5

.

to keep the channel 1 trace.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

to

ON off

.

Spectrum Measurement Examples 4-17

4.

Press

5.

Press

6.

Press

7.

Press

sampling

8.

Press

4

M/

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

ANALYZER

5

4

Meas

N

NN

NN

NN

ZERO

5

4

SP

AN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

mode

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

NN

SAMPLING

5

N

N

NN

NN

NN

of

TRIGGER:[GATE]

4

SWEEP

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NUMBER

5

.



N

NN

N

N

NN

to

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

SPAN

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

the

repetitive

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

POINTS

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

TYPE

NN

N

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

EXTERNAL

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NORM

NN

NN

NN

101

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

rept

sampling

5

.

Then

4

2

1

N

SPECTRUM

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

ANALYZER

N

N

NN

NN

norm

to

mode

press

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

.

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

REPT

to

.

N

N

N

N

SWEEP

change

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

TIME

the

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

550

Figure

Because

gate

delay

In this

therefore

Because the summation of gate delay Tdand the gate length Tgmust be less than the

pulse length (

In this example

If Tdis set to 30

For more information on the gated sweep and the repetitive sampling

mode, see the

4-22.

Burst

How

the

RBW

lter

must

meet

example,

RBW =

,

the

delay time



), the gate length must meet the following limit:

,=80



in this example

Function Reference

to

requires

the

following

100

T



,

Signal

Determine

setup

limit:

kHz,

Td>

in

this

d

example

,T

Spectrum

Gate

Delay

Gate

Delay

time

for

Td>

R

2

100

2

10

must meet

Td>

20

Gate

Length

Td+

T

g

Tg<80

must meet the following limit:

g

Tg<

50

manual.

2

B

3

<

0

the

W

=





T

and

and

lter

20

d

T

est Signal

Gate

to

stabilize after



the following

Envelope

Length

triggering, the

condition:

4-18 Spectrum Measurement Examples

5

Network

Measurement Examples

This chapter

contains

the

following

Transmission Measurement

3dB

bandwidth

Ripple or

Magnitude

Expanded

Electrical

Phase

Deviation

atness

and

phase

length

distortion

from

phase

characteristics

characteristics

measurement

measurement

linear

phase

Group delay

Reection

measurement

Return loss

Reection coecient

Standing

S-parameters

Impedance

List

sweep

Sweep

Dynamic

Filter

Gain

compression

time

testing

wave

ration

measurement

and

admittance

reduction

range

enhancement

using

limit

measurement

(

swr

line

network

)

measurement

measurement

examples:

Basic

Setup

Example

DUT

All

the

examples

S-parameter

approach

The

simplies the

DUT

used

lter with a 836 MHz center frequency

described

Test

Set

in

the examples

in

this chapter

to

connect

to

the

measurement setup

in

this

use the

device

under

85046A/B

test

(

dut

.

chapter

.

is

a

dielectric

If you use your own DUT

modify the parameter values (measurement frequency range

level, etc

.) as appropriate for your DUT

.

Network Measurement Examples 5-1

).

This

bandpass

,

, signal

Measuring Transmission

Characteristics of

a Filter

Measurement

Setup

Insertion loss

and gain

following procedure

dielectric bandpass

key lter

parameters.

Connection

Set

up

the

analyzer as

are ratios

measures the

lter.

This measurement

shown in

of the

output to

insertion loss

Figure 5-1

can be

.

input signals

and gain

of a

used to

.

The

836 MHz

obtain the

A

ctive

Channel

Block

Measurement

block

Sweep block

Figure

Analyzer

Press

4

Preset

Settings

5

.

Desired Settings Key

Select

channel

Select

Network

Select

S

Select LOG MA

1

Analyzer

(or

B/R)

21

G format

IF BW 3 kHz

Center frequency 836 MHz Press

Span frequency 200 MHz Press

5-1.

Then

set

measurement

Transmission

the

analyzer's

4

5

Chan

Press

Press

4

Format

4

Bw/A

(default)

1

4

Meas

4

Meas

FFFFFFFFFF

5

534

vg

4

Center

4

Span

LOG MAG

Measurement

controls

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

5

4

M/

FF

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

(default)

4

M/



5



ANALYZER

5

FF

F

F

F

Trans:FWD

5

FFFFFFFFF

k/m

5

836

5

200

as

follows:

Strokes

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

TYPE

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

S21

5

F

F

F

F

F

F

NETWORK

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

[B/R]

Setup

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

F

ANALYZER

Performing Calibration

Perform a frequency response calibration for this measurement as

follows:

1. Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

4

5

CALIBRATE MENU

Cal

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

RESPONSE

.

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

5-2 Network Measurement Examples

2.

Connect a

cables

3.

Press

THRU calibration

in place

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

THRU

measurement.

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

4. Press

DONE:RESPONSE

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

CORRECTION

to

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Measurement

of the

N

to

perform a

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

ON

standard between

the measurement

DUT.

frequency response

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

CORRECTION on

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

off

(

N

NN

NN

NN

N

.)

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

calibration data

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

OFF

is

automatically set

Read Out

Insertion Loss

Replace

N

N

N

N

N

AUTO

shows

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

SCALE

the

Using the

1.

Press

4

trace

.

upper

2.

Press

4

position of

3.

Enter

60

1marker

THRU

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

if

complete

Marker

5

Sea

rch

The

marker

right

of

5

Ma

rk

er

the marker).

4

M/



.

The

standard

the trace

response

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

MAX

to move

reads

the

display

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

1MARKER

5

to

move

1marker

needs to

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

MENU

the

value

with

out

.

N

N

NN

NN

of

the

the

be rescaled.

the

marker

the

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

1MKR

marker

shows

DUT

.

bandpass

to

insertion

NN

N

N

N

to turn

to

the

the

Press

4

Scale

Note that

lter

under

the

maximum

loss

and

on the

point

oset

out-of-band

5

Ref

the

display

test.

value

displays

it

1Marker (at

from

the

rejection.

of

at the

the

Figure 5-2. Response of a Dielectric Filter

Network Measurement Examples 5-3

3dB

Bandwidth

The

analyzer

power

relative

levels.

to the

calculates

In this

example,

lter center

the bandwidth

it calculates

frequency.

of the

the

DUT between

0

3dB

bandwidth

two equal

1.

Press

center

2.

Press

analyzer

(Quality

frequency

results

trace

3

show

4

Ma

rk

er

of the

4

Sea

rch

calculates

F

actor),

at

the

shows

the

5

. Then

use the

lter passband.

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

WIDTH

5

N

[OFF]

the

insertion

and

the

cuto

upper

the

location

right

passband

of

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

0

3

dB

loss

frequencies

hand

center

the

0

rotary knob

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

WIDTH

N

on

bandwidth,

,

and

dierences

of

of

the

frequency

3

dB cuto

to move

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

OFF

center

the

display

points.

the marker

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

ON

to

off

frequency

between

DUT

.

It

then lists

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Figure 5-5. Amplitude and Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter

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Network Measurement Examples 5-7

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5-8 Network Measurement Examples

Figure 5-7.

Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter Over a 50 MHz Span

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Network Measurement Examples 5-9

Measuring Phase

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For

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Group Delay Measurement

5-10 Network Measurement Examples

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The phase linearity of many devices is specied in terms of group

delay or envelope delay

components and systems

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dierence in propagation time through a device as

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Network Measurement Examples 5-11

Reection Measurement

When making

signal going

reected signal

incident and

or,

when expressed

a reection

to the

DUT and

from the

reected signals

in decibels

Reection measurements

device,

from the

independently of

such as

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a directional

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the

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uses it

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power

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the

following

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of

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gure).

the

the

the

DUT

5-12 Network Measurement Examples

When

the

device

Figure

has

more

5-11.

Multi-P

than

Reection

ort

one

port,

Measurement

T

est

Devices

connect

high-quality

terminations

(loads) to

all unused DUT ports to terminate them into their characteristic impedance (usually

50 or 75 ). If this is not done

, reections o the unused ports will cause

measurement errors.

The S-parameter test set

for each

S-parameter measurement. When using a transmission/reection test set,

terminate the unused input port of the analyzer with

The signal

reected from the DUT is measured as a ratio with the

automatically switches the termination at the unused port

a high quality load.

incident signal. It can be expressed as a reection coecient, a return

loss, or as SWR. These measurements are mathematically dened as:

return

loss(dB) =

0

20

log(



)

Measurement

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the

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5-12.

set

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Performing Calibration

Perform an S11, 1-port calibration for this measurement. The

following procedure is for using 7 mm standards (see the

Reference

manual for using other standard devices).

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(default)

Task

Network Measurement Examples 5-13

Note

1.

Press

4

2.

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trace

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the

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needs

return

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loss

5-13

.

signal

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to

the

to

be

rescaled.

characteristics

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value

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large

just

as

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test

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value

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are

the

for

value

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displayed

passband

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for

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in

is

loss

corresponds

insertion

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5

the

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greater

loss

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N

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than

outside

to

a

corresponds

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N

N

N

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if

format

small

the

to

in

a

5-14 Network Measurement Examples

Figure 5-13. Return Loss

To display the same data in terms of reection coecient, press

4

Format

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

LIN MAG

. This redisplays the existing measurement in a linear