Keywords Reference Manual
Volume II: I–Z
Version 6.6
ABAQUS Keywords
Reference Manual
Volume II
Version 6.6
CAUTIONARY NOTICE TO USERS:
This manual is intended for qualified users who will exercise sound engineering judgment and expertise in the use of the ABAQUS Software. The ABAQUS Software is inherently complex, and the examples and procedures in this manual are not intended to be exhaustive or to apply to any particular situation. Users are cautioned to satisfy themselves as to the accuracy and results of their analyses.
ABAQUS, Inc. will not be responsible for the accuracy or usefulness of any analysis performed using the ABAQUS Software or the procedures, examples, or explanations in this manual. ABAQUS, Inc. shall not be responsible for the consequences of any errors or omissions that may appear in this manual.
ABAQUS, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL.
IN NO EVENT SHALL ABAQUS, INC. OR ITS THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) EVEN IF ABAQUS, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
The ABAQUS Software described in this manual is available only under license from ABAQUS, Inc. and may be used or reproduced only in accordance with the terms of such license.
This manual and the software described in this manual are subject to change without prior notice.
No part of this manual may be reproduced or distributed in any form without prior written permission of ABAQUS, Inc.
© 2006 ABAQUS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
U.S. GOVERNMENT USERS: The ABAQUS Software and its documentation are “commercial items,” specifically “commercial computer software” and “commercial computer software documentation” and, consistent with FAR 12.212 and DFARS 227.7202, as applicable, are provided with restricted rights in accordance with license terms.
TRADEMARKS
The trademarks and service marks (“trademarks”) in this manual are the property of ABAQUS, Inc. or third parties. You are not permitted to use these trademarks without the prior written consent of ABAQUS, Inc. or such third parties.
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of ABAQUS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries: ABAQUS, ABAQUS/Standard, ABAQUS/Explicit, ABAQUS/CAE, ABAQUS/Viewer, ABAQUS/Aqua, ABAQUS/Design, ABAQUS/Foundation, ABAQUS/AMS, ABAQUS for CATIA V5, VCCT for ABAQUS, DDAM for ABAQUS, Unified FEA, and the ABAQUS Logo. The 3DS logo and SIMULIA are trademarks of Dassault Systèmes.
Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. For additional information concerning trademarks, copyrights, and licenses, see the Legal Notices in the ABAQUS Version 6.6 Release Notes and the notices at http://www.abaqus.com/products/products_legal.html.
Cover image: bolted joint in an aircraft brake courtesy Honeywell Landing Systems.
|
ABAQUS Offices and Representatives |
ABAQUS, Inc. |
Rising Sun Mills, 166 Valley Street, Providence, RI 02909–2499, Tel: +1 401 276 4400, |
|
Fax: +1 401 276 4408, support@Abaqus.com, http://www.abaqus.com |
ABAQUS Europe BV |
Gaetano Martinolaan 95, P. O. Box 1637, 6201 BP Maastricht, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 43 356 6906, |
|
Fax: +31 43 356 6908, info.europe@abaqus.com |
|
Sales, Support, and Services |
United States |
ABAQUS Central, West Lafayette, IN, Tel: +1 765 497 1373, support@AbaqusCentral.com |
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ABAQUS East, Warwick, RI, Tel: +1 401 739 3637, support@AbaqusEast.com |
|
ABAQUS Erie, Beachwood, OH, Tel: +1 216 378 1070, support@AbaqusErie.com |
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ABAQUS Great Lakes, Plymouth, MI, Tel: +1 734 451 0217, support@AbaqusGreatLakes.com |
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ABAQUS South, Flower Mound, TX, Tel: +1 214 513 1600, support@AbaqusSouth.com |
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ABAQUS West, Fremont, CA, Tel: +1 510 794 5891, support@AbaqusWest.com |
Argentina |
KB Engineering S. R. L., Buenos Aires, Tel: +54 11 4326 9176/7542, sanchezsarmiento@arnet.com.ar |
Australia |
ABAQUS Australia Pty. Ltd., Richmond VIC, Tel: +61 3 9421 2900, info@abaqus.com.au |
Austria |
ABAQUS Austria GmbH, Vienna, Tel: +43 1 929 16 25-0, support@abaqus.at |
Benelux |
ABAQUS Benelux BV, Huizen, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 35 52 58 424, support@abaqus.nl |
Brazil |
SMARTtech Mecânica Serviços e Sistemas Ltda, São Paulo, Tel: +55 11 3168 3388, smarttech@smarttech.com.br |
China |
ABAQUS China, Beijing, P. R. China, Tel: +86 10 84580366, abaqus@abaqus.com.cn |
Czech Republic |
Synerma s. r. o., Skuhrov, Tel: +420 603 145 769, abaqus@synerma.cz |
France |
ABAQUS France SAS, Versailles, Tel: +33 01 39 24 15 40, support@abaqus.fr |
Germany |
ABAQUS Deutschland GmbH, Aachen, Tel: +49 241 474010, info@abaqus.de |
|
ABAQUS Deutschland GmbH, München, Tel: +49 89 5999 1768, info@abaqus.de |
India |
ABAQUS Engineering India (P) Ltd., Alwarpet, Chennai, Tel: +91 44 55651590, abaqus@abaqus.co.in |
Italy |
ABAQUS Italia s.r.l., Milano (MI), Tel: +39 02 39211211, info@abaqus.it |
Japan |
ABAQUS, Inc., Tokyo, Tel: +81 3 5474 5817, tokyo@abaqus.jp |
|
ABAQUS, Inc., Osaka, Tel: +81 6 4803 5020, osaka@abaqus.jp |
Korea |
ABAQUS Korea, Inc., Seoul, Tel: +82 2 785 6707, info@abaqus.co.kr |
Malaysia |
WorleyParsons Advanced Analysis, Kuala Lumpur, Tel: +60 3 2161 2266, abaqus.my@worleyparsons.com |
New Zealand |
Matrix Applied Computing Ltd., Auckland, Tel: +64 9 623 1223, abaqus-tech@matrix.co.nz |
Poland |
BudSoft Sp. z o.o., Sw. Marcin, Tel: +48 61 8508 466, budsoft@budsoft.com.pl |
Russia, Belarus & Ukraine |
TESIS Ltd., Moscow, Russia, Tel: +7 095 212-44-22, info@tesis.com.ru |
Singapore |
WorleyParsons Advanced Analysis, Singapore, Tel: +65 6735 8444, abaqus.sg@worleyparsons.com |
South Africa |
Finite Element Analysis Services (Pty) Ltd., Mowbray, Tel: +27 21 448 7608, feas@feas.co.za |
Spain |
Principia Ingenieros Consultores, S.A., Madrid, Tel: +34 91 209 1482, abaqus@principia.es |
Sweden |
ABAQUS Scandinavia, Västerås, Tel: +46 21 150870, abaqus@abaqus.se |
Taiwan |
APIC, Taipei, Tel: +886 02 25083066, apic@apic.com.tw |
Thailand |
WorleyParsons Advanced Analysis, Bangkok, Tel: +66 2 689 3000, abaqus.th@worleyparsons.com |
Turkey |
A-Ztech Ltd., Istanbul, TURKIYE, Tel: +90 216 361 8850, info@a-ztech.com.tr |
United Kingdom |
ABAQUS UK Ltd., Warrington, Cheshire, Tel: +44 1 925 810166, hotline@abaqus.co.uk |
|
Sales Only |
United States |
ABAQUS East, Mid-Atlantic Office, Forest Hill, MD, Tel: +1 410 420 8587, support@AbaqusEast.com |
|
ABAQUS South, Southeast Office, Acworth, GA, Tel: +1 770 795 0960, support@AbaqusSouth.com |
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ABAQUS West, Southern CA and AZ Office, Tustin, CA, Tel: +1 714 731 5895, Info@AbaqusWest.com |
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ABAQUS West, Rocky Mountains Office, Boulder, CO, Tel: +1 303 664 5444, Info@AbaqusWest.com |
China |
ABAQUS China, Shanghai, P. R. China, Tel: +021 58309096/58203227 18, abaqus@abaqus.com.cn |
Finland |
ABAQUS Finland Oy, Espoo, Tel: +358 9 2517 2973, abaqus@abaqus.fi |
India |
ABAQUS Engineering India (P) Ltd., Pune, Tel: +91 20 30913739, abaqus@abaqus.co.in |
United Kingdom |
ABAQUS UK Ltd., Sevenoaks, Kent, Tel: +44 1 732 834930, hotline@abaqus.co.uk |
Complete contact information is available at http://www.abaqus.com.
This section lists various resources that are available for help with using ABAQUS.
Support
ABAQUS, Inc., offers both technical engineering support (for problems with creating a model or performing an analysis) and systems support (for installation, licensing, and hardware-related problems) for ABAQUS through a network of local support ofÞces. Contact information is listed in the front of each ABAQUS manual.
ABAQUS Online Support System
The ABAQUS Online Support System (AOSS) has a knowledge database of ABAQUS Answers. The ABAQUS Answers are solutions to questions that we have had to answer or guidelines on how to use ABAQUS. You can also submit new requests for support in the AOSS. All support incidents are tracked in the AOSS. If you are contacting us by means outside the AOSS to discuss an existing support problem and you know the incident number, please mention it so that we can consult the database to see what the latest action has been.
To use the AOSS, you need to register with the system. Visit the My ABAQUS section of the ABAQUS Home Page for instructions on how to register.
Many questions about ABAQUS can also be answered by visiting the ABAQUS Home Page on the World Wide Web at
http://www.abaqus.com
Anonymous ftp site
ABAQUS maintains useful documents on an anonymous ftp account on the computer ftp.abaqus.com. Login as user anonymous, and type your e-mail address as your password.
Training
All ABAQUS ofÞces offer regularly scheduled public training classes. We also provide training seminars at customer sites. All training classes and seminars include workshops to provide as much practical experience with ABAQUS as possible. For a schedule and descriptions of available classes, see the ABAQUS Home Page or call your local ABAQUS representative.
Feedback
We welcome any suggestions for improvements to ABAQUS software, the support program, or documentation. We will ensure that any enhancement requests you make are considered for future releases. If you wish to make a suggestion about the service or products provided by ABAQUS, refer to the ABAQUS Home Page. Complaints should be addressed by contacting your local ofÞce or through the ABAQUS Home Page.
|
CONTENTS |
Contents — Volume I |
|
A |
|
*ACOUSTIC FLOW VELOCITY |
1.1 |
*ACOUSTIC MEDIUM |
1.2 |
*ACOUSTIC WAVE FORMULATION |
1.3 |
*ADAPTIVE MESH |
1.4 |
*ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT |
1.5 |
*ADAPTIVE MESH CONTROLS |
1.6 |
*AMPLITUDE |
1.7 |
*ANNEAL |
1.8 |
*ANNEAL TEMPERATURE |
1.9 |
*AQUA |
1.10 |
*ASSEMBLY |
1.11 |
*ASYMMETRIC-AXISYMMETRIC |
1.12 |
*AXIAL |
1.13 |
B |
|
*BASE MOTION |
2.1 |
*BASELINE CORRECTION |
2.2 |
*BEAM ADDED INERTIA |
2.3 |
*BEAM FLUID INERTIA |
2.4 |
*BEAM GENERAL SECTION |
2.5 |
*BEAM SECTION |
2.6 |
*BEAM SECTION GENERATE |
2.7 |
*BIAXIAL TEST DATA |
2.8 |
*BLOCKAGE |
2.9 |
*BOND |
2.10 |
*BOUNDARY |
2.11 |
*BRITTLE CRACKING |
2.12 |
*BRITTLE FAILURE |
2.13 |
*BRITTLE SHEAR |
2.14 |
*BUCKLE |
2.15 |
*BUCKLING ENVELOPE |
2.16 |
*BUCKLING LENGTH |
2.17 |
*BUCKLING REDUCTION FACTORS |
2.18 |
*BULK VISCOSITY |
2.19 |
v
CONTENTS
C
*C ADDED MASS |
3.1 |
*CAPACITY |
3.2 |
*CAP CREEP |
3.3 |
*CAP HARDENING |
3.4 |
*CAP PLASTICITY |
3.5 |
*CAST IRON COMPRESSION HARDENING |
3.6 |
*CAST IRON PLASTICITY |
3.7 |
*CAST IRON TENSION HARDENING |
3.8 |
*CAVITY DEFINITION |
3.9 |
*CECHARGE |
3.10 |
*CECURRENT |
3.11 |
*CENTROID |
3.12 |
*CFILM |
3.13 |
*CFLOW |
3.14 |
*CFLUX |
3.15 |
*CHANGE FRICTION |
3.16 |
*CLAY HARDENING |
3.17 |
*CLAY PLASTICITY |
3.18 |
*CLEARANCE |
3.19 |
*CLOAD |
3.20 |
*COHESIVE SECTION |
3.21 |
*COMBINED TEST DATA |
3.22 |
*COMPLEX FREQUENCY |
3.23 |
*CONCRETE |
3.24 |
*CONCRETE COMPRESSION DAMAGE |
3.25 |
*CONCRETE COMPRESSION HARDENING |
3.26 |
*CONCRETE DAMAGED PLASTICITY |
3.27 |
*CONCRETE TENSION DAMAGE |
3.28 |
*CONCRETE TENSION STIFFENING |
3.29 |
*CONDUCTIVITY |
3.30 |
*CONNECTOR BEHAVIOR |
3.31 |
*CONNECTOR CONSTITUTIVE REFERENCE |
3.32 |
*CONNECTOR DAMAGE EVOLUTION |
3.33 |
*CONNECTOR DAMAGE INITIATION |
3.34 |
*CONNECTOR DAMPING |
3.35 |
*CONNECTOR DERIVED COMPONENT |
3.36 |
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY |
3.37 |
*CONNECTOR FAILURE |
3.38 |
*CONNECTOR FRICTION |
3.39 |
*CONNECTOR HARDENING |
3.40 |
vi
|
CONTENTS |
*CONNECTOR LOAD |
3.41 |
*CONNECTOR LOCK |
3.42 |
*CONNECTOR MOTION |
3.43 |
*CONNECTOR PLASTICITY |
3.44 |
*CONNECTOR POTENTIAL |
3.45 |
*CONNECTOR SECTION |
3.46 |
*CONNECTOR STOP |
3.47 |
*CONSTRAINT CONTROLS |
3.48 |
*CONTACT |
3.49 |
*CONTACT CLEARANCE |
3.50 |
*CONTACT CLEARANCE ASSIGNMENT |
3.51 |
*CONTACT CONTROLS |
3.52 |
*CONTACT CONTROLS ASSIGNMENT |
3.53 |
*CONTACT DAMPING |
3.54 |
*CONTACT EXCLUSIONS |
3.55 |
*CONTACT FILE |
3.56 |
*CONTACT FORMULATION |
3.57 |
*CONTACT INCLUSIONS |
3.58 |
*CONTACT INTERFERENCE |
3.59 |
*CONTACT OUTPUT |
3.60 |
*CONTACT PAIR |
3.61 |
*CONTACT PRINT |
3.62 |
*CONTACT PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT |
3.63 |
*CONTACT RESPONSE |
3.64 |
*CONTOUR INTEGRAL |
3.65 |
*CONTROLS |
3.66 |
*CORRELATION |
3.67 |
*CO-SIMULATION |
3.68 |
*CO-SIMULATION REGION |
3.69 |
*COUPLED TEMPERATURE-DISPLACEMENT |
3.70 |
*COUPLED THERMAL-ELECTRICAL |
3.71 |
*COUPLING |
3.72 |
*CRADIATE |
3.73 |
*CREEP |
3.74 |
*CREEP STRAIN RATE CONTROL |
3.75 |
*CRUSHABLE FOAM |
3.76 |
*CRUSHABLE FOAM HARDENING |
3.77 |
*CYCLED PLASTIC |
3.78 |
*CYCLIC |
3.79 |
*CYCLIC HARDENING |
3.80 |
*CYCLIC SYMMETRY MODEL |
3.81 |
vii
CONTENTS
D
*D ADDED MASS |
4.1 |
*DAMAGE EVOLUTION |
4.2 |
*DAMAGE INITIATION |
4.3 |
*DAMAGE STABILIZATION |
4.4 |
*DAMPING |
4.5 |
*DASHPOT |
4.6 |
*DEBOND |
4.7 |
*DECHARGE |
4.8 |
*DECURRENT |
4.9 |
*DEFORMATION PLASTICITY |
4.10 |
*DENSITY |
4.11 |
*DEPVAR |
4.12 |
*DESIGN GRADIENT |
4.13 |
*DESIGN PARAMETER |
4.14 |
*DESIGN RESPONSE |
4.15 |
*DETONATION POINT |
4.16 |
*DFLOW |
4.17 |
*DFLUX |
4.18 |
*DIAGNOSTICS |
4.19 |
*DIELECTRIC |
4.20 |
*DIFFUSIVITY |
4.21 |
*DIRECT CYCLIC |
4.22 |
*DISPLAY BODY |
4.23 |
*DISTRIBUTION |
4.24 |
*DISTRIBUTING |
4.25 |
*DISTRIBUTING COUPLING |
4.26 |
*DLOAD |
4.27 |
*DRAG CHAIN |
4.28 |
*DRUCKER PRAGER |
4.29 |
*DRUCKER PRAGER CREEP |
4.30 |
*DRUCKER PRAGER HARDENING |
4.31 |
*DSA CONTROLS |
4.32 |
*DSECHARGE |
4.33 |
*DSECURRENT |
4.34 |
*DSFLOW |
4.35 |
*DSFLUX |
4.36 |
*DSLOAD |
4.37 |
*DYNAMIC |
4.38 |
*DYNAMIC TEMPERATURE-DISPLACEMENT |
4.39 |
viii
CONTENTS
E |
|
*EL FILE |
5.1 |
*EL PRINT |
5.2 |
*ELASTIC |
5.3 |
*ELCOPY |
5.4 |
*ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY |
5.5 |
*ELEMENT |
5.6 |
*ELEMENT MATRIX OUTPUT |
5.7 |
*ELEMENT OUTPUT |
5.8 |
*ELEMENT PROPERTIES |
5.9 |
*ELEMENT RESPONSE |
5.10 |
*ELGEN |
5.11 |
*ELSET |
5.12 |
*EMBEDDED ELEMENT |
5.13 |
*EMISSIVITY |
5.14 |
*END ASSEMBLY |
5.15 |
*END INSTANCE |
5.16 |
*END LOAD CASE |
5.17 |
*END PART |
5.18 |
*END STEP |
5.19 |
*ENERGY FILE |
5.20 |
*ENERGY OUTPUT |
5.21 |
*ENERGY PRINT |
5.22 |
*EOS |
5.23 |
*EOS COMPACTION |
5.24 |
*EOS SHEAR |
5.25 |
*EPJOINT |
5.26 |
*EQUATION |
5.27 |
*EXPANSION |
5.28 |
*EXTREME ELEMENT VALUE |
5.29 |
*EXTREME NODE VALUE |
5.30 |
*EXTREME VALUE |
5.31 |
F |
|
*FAIL STRAIN |
6.1 |
*FAIL STRESS |
6.2 |
*FAILURE RATIOS |
6.3 |
*FASTENER |
6.4 |
*FASTENER PROPERTY |
6.5 |
*FIELD |
6.6 |
*FILE FORMAT |
6.7 |
ix
CONTENTS
*FILE OUTPUT |
6.8 |
*FILM |
6.9 |
*FILM PROPERTY |
6.10 |
*FILTER |
6.11 |
*FIXED MASS SCALING |
6.12 |
*FLOW |
6.13 |
*FLUID BEHAVIOR |
6.14 |
*FLUID BULK MODULUS |
6.15 |
*FLUID CAVITY |
6.16 |
*FLUID DENSITY |
6.17 |
*FLUID EXCHANGE |
6.18 |
*FLUID EXCHANGE ACTIVATION |
6.19 |
*FLUID EXCHANGE PROPERTY |
6.20 |
*FLUID EXPANSION |
6.21 |
*FLUID FLUX |
6.22 |
*FLUID INFLATOR |
6.23 |
*FLUID INFLATOR ACTIVATION |
6.24 |
*FLUID INFLATOR MIXTURE |
6.25 |
*FLUID INFLATOR PROPERTY |
6.26 |
*FLUID LEAKOFF |
6.27 |
*FLUID LINK |
6.28 |
*FLUID PROPERTY |
6.29 |
*FOUNDATION |
6.30 |
*FRACTURE CRITERION |
6.31 |
*FRAME SECTION |
6.32 |
*FREQUENCY |
6.33 |
*FRICTION |
6.34 |
G |
|
*GAP |
7.1 |
*GAP CONDUCTANCE |
7.2 |
*GAP ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE |
7.3 |
*GAP FLOW |
7.4 |
*GAP HEAT GENERATION |
7.5 |
*GAP RADIATION |
7.6 |
*GASKET BEHAVIOR |
7.7 |
*GASKET CONTACT AREA |
7.8 |
*GASKET ELASTICITY |
7.9 |
*GASKET SECTION |
7.10 |
*GASKET THICKNESS BEHAVIOR |
7.11 |
*GEL |
7.12 |
*GEOSTATIC |
7.13 |
x
CONTENTS
H
*HEADING |
8.1 |
*HEAT GENERATION |
8.2 |
*HEAT TRANSFER |
8.3 |
*HEATCAP |
8.4 |
*HOURGLASS STIFFNESS |
8.5 |
*HYPERELASTIC |
8.6 |
*HYPERFOAM |
8.7 |
*HYPOELASTIC |
8.8 |
*HYSTERESIS |
8.9 |
xi
CONTENTS |
|
Contents — Volume II |
|
I |
|
*IMPEDANCE |
9.1 |
*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY |
9.2 |
*IMPERFECTION |
9.3 |
*IMPORT |
9.4 |
*IMPORT CONTROLS |
9.5 |
*IMPORT ELSET |
9.6 |
*IMPORT NSET |
9.7 |
*INCIDENT WAVE |
9.8 |
*INCIDENT WAVE FLUID PROPERTY |
9.9 |
*INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION |
9.10 |
*INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION PROPERTY |
9.11 |
*INCIDENT WAVE PROPERTY |
9.12 |
*INCIDENT WAVE REFLECTION |
9.13 |
*INCLUDE |
9.14 |
*INCREMENTATION OUTPUT |
9.15 |
*INELASTIC HEAT FRACTION |
9.16 |
*INERTIA RELIEF |
9.17 |
*INITIAL CONDITIONS |
9.18 |
*INSTANCE |
9.19 |
*INTEGRATED OUTPUT |
9.20 |
*INTEGRATED OUTPUT SECTION |
9.21 |
*INTERACTION OUTPUT |
9.22 |
*INTERACTION PRINT |
9.23 |
*INTERFACE |
9.24 |
*ITS |
9.25 |
J |
|
*JOINT |
10.1 |
*JOINT ELASTICITY |
10.2 |
*JOINT PLASTICITY |
10.3 |
*JOINTED MATERIAL |
10.4 |
*JOULE HEAT FRACTION |
10.5 |
K |
|
*KAPPA |
11.1 |
*KINEMATIC |
11.2 |
*KINEMATIC COUPLING |
11.3 |
xii
CONTENTS
L |
|
*LATENT HEAT |
12.1 |
*LOAD CASE |
12.2 |
M |
|
*MAP SOLUTION |
13.1 |
*MASS |
13.2 |
*MASS DIFFUSION |
13.3 |
*MASS FLOW RATE |
13.4 |
*MATERIAL |
13.5 |
*MATRIX |
13.6 |
*MATRIX ASSEMBLE |
13.7 |
*MATRIX INPUT |
13.8 |
*MEMBRANE SECTION |
13.9 |
*MODAL DAMPING |
13.10 |
*MODAL DYNAMIC |
13.11 |
*MODAL FILE |
13.12 |
*MODAL OUTPUT |
13.13 |
*MODAL PRINT |
13.14 |
*MODEL CHANGE |
13.15 |
*MOHR COULOMB |
13.16 |
*MOHR COULOMB HARDENING |
13.17 |
*MOISTURE SWELLING |
13.18 |
*MOLECULAR WEIGHT |
13.19 |
*MONITOR |
13.20 |
*MOTION |
13.21 |
*MPC |
13.22 |
*MULLINS EFFECT |
13.23 |
*M1 |
13.24 |
*M2 |
13.25 |
N |
|
*NCOPY |
14.1 |
*NFILL |
14.2 |
*NGEN |
14.3 |
*NMAP |
14.4 |
*NO COMPRESSION |
14.5 |
*NO TENSION |
14.6 |
*NODAL THICKNESS |
14.7 |
*NODE |
14.8 |
xiii
CONTENTS
*NODE FILE |
14.9 |
*NODE OUTPUT |
14.10 |
*NODE PRINT |
14.11 |
*NODE RESPONSE |
14.12 |
*NONSTRUCTURAL MASS |
14.13 |
*NORMAL |
14.14 |
*NSET |
14.15 |
O |
|
*ORIENTATION |
15.1 |
*ORNL |
15.2 |
*OUTPUT |
15.3 |
P, Q |
|
*PARAMETER |
16.1 |
*PARAMETER DEPENDENCE |
16.2 |
*PARAMETER SHAPE VARIATION |
16.3 |
*PART |
16.4 |
*PERIODIC |
16.5 |
*PERMEABILITY |
16.6 |
*PHYSICAL CONSTANTS |
16.7 |
*PIEZOELECTRIC |
16.8 |
*PIPE-SOIL INTERACTION |
16.9 |
*PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESS |
16.10 |
*PLANAR TEST DATA |
16.11 |
*PLASTIC |
16.12 |
*PLASTIC AXIAL |
16.13 |
*PLASTIC M1 |
16.14 |
*PLASTIC M2 |
16.15 |
*PLASTIC TORQUE |
16.16 |
*POROUS BULK MODULI |
16.17 |
*POROUS ELASTIC |
16.18 |
*POROUS FAILURE CRITERIA |
16.19 |
*POROUS METAL PLASTICITY |
16.20 |
*POST OUTPUT |
16.21 |
*POTENTIAL |
16.22 |
*PREPRINT |
16.23 |
*PRESSURE PENETRATION |
16.24 |
*PRESSURE STRESS |
16.25 |
*PRESTRESS HOLD |
16.26 |
*PRE-TENSION SECTION |
16.27 |
xiv
|
CONTENTS |
16.28 |
|
*PSD-DEFINITION |
16.29 |
R |
|
*RADIATE |
17.1 |
*RADIATION FILE |
17.2 |
*RADIATION OUTPUT |
17.3 |
*RADIATION PRINT |
17.4 |
*RADIATION SYMMETRY |
17.5 |
*RADIATION VIEWFACTOR |
17.6 |
*RANDOM RESPONSE |
17.7 |
*RATE DEPENDENT |
17.8 |
*RATIOS |
17.9 |
*REBAR |
17.10 |
*REBAR LAYER |
17.11 |
*REFLECTION |
17.12 |
*RELEASE |
17.13 |
*RESPONSE SPECTRUM |
17.14 |
*RESTART |
17.15 |
*RETAINED EIGENMODES |
17.16 |
*RETAINED NODAL DOFS |
17.17 |
*RIGID BODY |
17.18 |
*RIGID SURFACE |
17.19 |
*ROTARY INERTIA |
17.20 |
S |
|
*SECTION CONTROLS |
18.1 |
*SECTION FILE |
18.2 |
*SECTION ORIGIN |
18.3 |
*SECTION POINTS |
18.4 |
*SECTION PRINT |
18.5 |
*SELECT CYCLIC SYMMETRY MODES |
18.6 |
*SELECT EIGENMODES |
18.7 |
*SFILM |
18.8 |
*SFLOW |
18.9 |
*SHEAR CENTER |
18.10 |
*SHEAR FAILURE |
18.11 |
*SHEAR RETENTION |
18.12 |
*SHEAR TEST DATA |
18.13 |
*SHELL GENERAL SECTION |
18.14 |
*SHELL SECTION |
18.15 |
*SHELL TO SOLID COUPLING |
18.16 |
xv
CONTENTS
*SIMPEDANCE |
18.17 |
*SIMPLE SHEAR TEST DATA |
18.18 |
*SLIDE LINE |
18.19 |
*SLOAD |
18.20 |
*SOILS |
18.21 |
*SOLID SECTION |
18.22 |
*SOLUBILITY |
18.23 |
*SOLUTION TECHNIQUE |
18.24 |
*SOLVER CONTROLS |
18.25 |
*SORPTION |
18.26 |
*SPECIFIC HEAT |
18.27 |
*SPECTRUM |
18.28 |
*SPRING |
18.29 |
*SRADIATE |
18.30 |
*STATIC |
18.31 |
*STEADY STATE CRITERIA |
18.32 |
*STEADY STATE DETECTION |
18.33 |
*STEADY STATE DYNAMICS |
18.34 |
*STEADY STATE TRANSPORT |
18.35 |
*STEP |
18.36 |
*SUBMODEL |
18.37 |
*SUBSTRUCTURE COPY |
18.38 |
*SUBSTRUCTURE DELETE |
18.39 |
*SUBSTRUCTURE DIRECTORY |
18.40 |
*SUBSTRUCTURE GENERATE |
18.41 |
*SUBSTRUCTURE LOAD CASE |
18.42 |
*SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUT |
18.43 |
*SUBSTRUCTURE PATH |
18.44 |
*SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTY |
18.45 |
*SURFACE |
18.46 |
*SURFACE BEHAVIOR |
18.47 |
*SURFACE FLAW |
18.48 |
*SURFACE INTERACTION |
18.49 |
*SURFACE PROPERTY |
18.50 |
*SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT |
18.51 |
*SURFACE SECTION |
18.52 |
*SWELLING |
18.53 |
*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION |
18.54 |
*SYMMETRIC RESULTS TRANSFER |
18.55 |
*SYSTEM |
18.56 |
xvi
CONTENTS
T |
|
*TEMPERATURE |
19.1 |
*TENSILE FAILURE |
19.2 |
*TENSION STIFFENING |
19.3 |
*THERMAL EXPANSION |
19.4 |
*TIE |
19.5 |
*TIME POINTS |
19.6 |
*TORQUE |
19.7 |
*TORQUE PRINT |
19.8 |
*TRACER PARTICLE |
19.9 |
*TRANSFORM |
19.10 |
*TRANSPORT VELOCITY |
19.11 |
*TRANSVERSE SHEAR STIFFNESS |
19.12 |
*TRIAXIAL TEST DATA |
19.13 |
*TRS |
19.14 |
U |
|
*UEL PROPERTY |
20.1 |
*UNDEX CHARGE PROPERTY |
20.2 |
*UNIAXIAL TEST DATA |
20.3 |
*USER DEFINED FIELD |
20.4 |
*USER ELEMENT |
20.5 |
*USER MATERIAL |
20.6 |
*USER OUTPUT VARIABLES |
20.7 |
V |
|
*VARIABLE MASS SCALING |
21.1 |
*VIEWFACTOR OUTPUT |
21.2 |
*VISCO |
21.3 |
*VISCOELASTIC |
21.4 |
*VISCOUS |
21.5 |
*VOID NUCLEATION |
21.6 |
*VOLUMETRIC TEST DATA |
21.7 |
W, X, Y, Z |
|
*WAVE |
22.1 |
*WIND |
22.2 |
xvii
I
9.I
*IMPEDANCE
9.1*IMPEDANCE: Define impedances for acoustic analysis.
This option is used to provide boundary impedances or nonreßecting boundaries for acoustic and coupled acoustic-structural analyses.
Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/Explicit
Type: History data
Level: Step
References:
•ÒAcoustic, shock, and coupled acoustic-structural analysis,Ó Section 6.9.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual
•ÒAcoustic loads,Ó Section 27.4.5 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual
•*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY
•*SIMPEDANCE
PROPERTY
Set this parameter equal to the name of the *IMPEDANCE PROPERTY option deÞning the table of impedance values to be used.
NONREFLECTING
Set NONREFLECTING=PLANAR (default) to specify the impedance corresponding to that of a normal incidence plane wave.
Set NONREFLECTING=IMPROVED to specify the impedance corresponding to that of a plane wave at an arbitrary angle of incidence. This parameter can be used only for transient dynamics.
Set NONREFLECTING=CIRCULAR to specify a radiation condition appropriate for a circular boundary in two dimensions or a right circular cylinder in three dimensions.
Set NONREFLECTING=SPHERICAL to specify a radiation condition appropriate for a spherical boundary.
Set NONREFLECTING=ELLIPTICAL to specify a radiation condition appropriate for an elliptical boundary in two dimensions or a right elliptical cylinder in three dimensions.
Set NONREFLECTING=PROLATE SPHEROIDAL to specify a radiation condition appropriate for a prolate spheroidal boundary.
9.1–1
*IMPEDANCE
OP
Set OP=MOD (default) to modify existing impedances or to deÞne additional impedances.
Set OP=NEW if all existing impedances applied to the model should be removed. To remove only selected impedances, use OP=NEW and respecify all impedances that are to be retained.
Data line to define an impedance for PROPERTY, NONREFLECTING=PLANAR, or NONREFLECTING=IMPROVED:
First (and only) line:
1.Element number or element set label.
2.Surface impedance type label, In, for impedance on face n.
Data line to define an absorbing boundary impedance for NONREFLECTING=CIRCULAR or NONREFLECTING=SPHERICAL:
First (and only) line:
1.Element number or element set label.
2.Surface impedance type label, In, for impedance on face n.
3. , the radius of the circle or sphere deÞning the absorbing boundary surface.
Data line to define an absorbing boundary impedance for NONREFLECTING=ELLIPTICAL or NONREFLECTING=PROLATE SPHEROIDAL:
First (and only) line:
1.Element number or element set label.
2.Surface impedance type label, In, for impedance on face n.
3.The semimajor axis, a, of the ellipse or prolate spheroid deÞning the surface. a is 1/2 of the maximum distance between two points on the ellipse or spheroid, analogous to the radius of a circle or sphere.
4.The eccentricity, , of the ellipse or prolate spheroid. The eccentricity is the square root of one minus the square of the ratio of the semiminor axis, b, to the semimajor axis, a:
.
5.Global X-coordinate of the center of the ellipse or prolate spheroid deÞning the radiating surface.
6.Global Y-coordinate of the center of the ellipse or prolate spheroid deÞning the radiating surface.
7.Global Z-coordinate of the center of the ellipse or prolate spheroid deÞning the radiating surface.
9.1–2
*IMPEDANCE
8.X-component of the direction cosine of the major axis of the ellipse or prolate spheroid deÞning the radiating surface. The components of this vector need not be normalized to unit magnitude.
9.Y-component of the direction cosine of the major axis of the ellipse or prolate spheroid deÞning the radiating surface.
10.Z-component of the direction cosine of the major axis of the ellipse or prolate spheroid deÞning the radiating surface.
9.1–3
*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY
9.2*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY: Define the impedance parameters for an acoustic medium boundary.
This option is used to deÞne the proportionality factors between the pressure and the normal components of surface displacement and velocity in acoustic analysis. The *IMPEDANCE PROPERTY option must be used in conjunction with the *IMPEDANCE or *SIMPEDANCE option.
Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/Explicit
Type: Model data
Level: Model
References:
•ÒAcoustic loads,Ó Section 27.4.5 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual
•*IMPEDANCE
•*SIMPEDANCE
NAME
Set this parameter equal to a label that will be used to refer to the impedance property on the *IMPEDANCE or *SIMPEDANCE option.
DATA
Set DATA=ADMITTANCE (default) to specify an impedance using a table of admittance values. Set DATA=IMPEDANCE to specify an impedance using a table of real and imaginary parts
of the impedance.
INPUT
Set this parameter equal to the name of the alternate input Þle containing the data lines for this option. See ÒInput syntax rules,Ó Section 1.2.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual, for the syntax of such Þle names. If this parameter is omitted, it is assumed that the data follow the keyword line.
9.2–1
*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY
Data lines to define an impedance using DATA=ADMITTANCE (default):
First line:
1. , the proportionality factor between pressure and displacement of the surface in the normal direction. This quantity is the imaginary part of the complex admittance, divided by the angular frequency; see ÒAcoustic loads,Ó Section 27.4.5 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual. (Units of F−1 L3 .)
2. , the proportionality factor between pressure and velocity of the surface in the normal direction. This quantity is the real part of the complex admittance. (Units of F−1 L3 T−1 .)
3.Frequency. (Cycles/time.) Frequency dependence is active only during frequency domain analysis in ABAQUS/Standard.
Repeat this data line as often as necessary in ABAQUS/Standard to describe the variation of the coefficients with frequency. Only the first line entered will be used in direct-integration procedures.
Data lines to define an impedance using DATA=IMPEDANCE:
First line:
1., the real part of the surface impedance. (Units of F L−3 T.)
2., the imaginary part of the surface impedance. (Units of F L−3 T.)
3.Frequency. (Cycles/time.) Frequency dependence is active only during frequency domain analysis in ABAQUS/Standard.
Repeat this data line as often as necessary in ABAQUS/Standard to describe the variation of the coefficients with frequency. Only the first line entered will be used in direct-integration procedures.
9.2–2
*IMPERFECTION
9.3*IMPERFECTION: Introduce geometric imperfections for postbuckling analysis.
This option is used to introduce a geometric imperfection into a model for a postbuckling analysis.
Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/Explicit
Type: Model data
Level: Model
References:
•ÒIntroducing a geometric imperfection into a model,Ó Section 11.3.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual
•ÒUnstable collapse and postbuckling analysis,Ó Section 6.2.4 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual
•ÒEigenvalue buckling prediction,Ó Section 6.2.3 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual
Optional parameters (mutually exclusive-if neither parameter is specified, ABAQUS assumes that the imperfection data will be entered directly on the data lines):
FILE
Set this parameter equal to the name of the results Þle from a previous ABAQUS/Standard analysis containing either the mode shapes from a *BUCKLE or *FREQUENCY analysis or the nodal displacements from a *STATIC analysis.
INPUT
Set this parameter equal to the name of the alternate input Þle containing the imperfection data, in general, as the node number and imperfection values in the global coordinate system. See ÒInput syntax rules,Ó Section 1.2.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis UserÕs Manual, for the syntax of such Þle names.
STEP
Set this parameter equal to the step number (in the analysis whose results Þle is being used as input to this option) from which the modal or displacement data are to be read.
INC
Set this parameter equal to the increment number (in the analysis whose results Þle is being used as input to this option) from which the displacement data are to be read. If this parameter is omitted, ABAQUS will read the data from the last increment available for the speciÞed step on the results Þle.
9.3–1
*IMPERFECTION
NSET
Set this parameter equal to the node set to which the geometric imperfection values are to be applied. If this parameter is omitted, the imperfection will be applied to all nodes in the model.
SYSTEM
Set SYSTEM=R (default) to specify the imperfection as perturbation values of Cartesian coordinates. Set SYSTEM=C to specify the imperfection as perturbation values of cylindrical coordinates. Set SYSTEM=S to specify the imperfection as perturbation values of spherical coordinates. See Figure 9.3Ð1.
The SYSTEM parameter is entirely local to this option and should not be confused with the *SYSTEM option. As the data lines are read, the imperfection values speciÞed are transformed to the global rectangular Cartesian coordinate system. This transformation requires that the object be centered about the origin of the global coordinate system; i.e., the *SYSTEM option should be off when specifying imperfections as perturbation values using either cylindrical or spherical coordinates.
Data lines to define the imperfection as a linear superposition of mode shapes from the results file:
First line:
1.Mode number.
2.Scaling factor for this mode.
Repeat this data line as often as necessary to define the imperfection as a linear combination of mode shapes.
Data line to define the imperfection based on the solution of a static analysis from the results file:
First (and only) line:
1.Set to 1.
2.Scaling factor.
Data lines to define the imperfection if the FILE and INPUT parameters are omitted:
First line:
1.Node number.
2.Component of imperfection in the Þrst coordinate direction.
3.Component of imperfection in the second coordinate direction.
4.Component of imperfection in the third coordinate direction.
Repeat this data line as often as necessary to define the imperfection.
9.3–2