Zyxel GS-4012F user manual
GS-4012F
Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.60
4/2005
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.
Copyright 1
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Interference Statements and
Warnings
FCC Statement
This switch complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1 This switch may not cause harmful interference.
2 This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operations.
FCC Warning
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:
Notice 1
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Certifications
1 Go to www.zyxel.com
2 Interference Statements and Warnings
GS-4012F User’s Guide
2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's
page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
Registration
Register your product online for free future product updates and information at www.zyxel.com for global
products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can service the device. Please contact
your vendor for further information.
• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or power adaptor to
the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Do NOT
allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where anyone can walk on
the power cord.
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
Interference Statements and Warnings 3
GS-4012F User’s Guide
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This
warranty shall not apply if the product is modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or
subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind of character to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.
4 ZyXEL Limited Warranty
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
GS-4012F User’s Guide
METHOD
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Customer Support 5
GS-4012F User’s Guide
METHOD
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6 Customer Support
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Copyright .................................................................................................................. 1
Interference Statements and Warnings.................................................................. 2
ZyXEL Limited Warranty ......................................................................................... 4
Customer Support ................................................................................................... 5
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... 7
List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 19
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 25
Preface.................................................................................................................... 29
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch................................................................................ 31
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 31
1.2 Software Features ............................................................................................. 31
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................ 34
1.4 Applications ....................................................................................................... 35
1.4.1 Backbone Application ............................................................................... 35
1.4.2 Bridging Example ..................................................................................... 35
1.4.3 High Performance Switching Example ..................................................... 36
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples .............................................. 36
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ............................................................. 37
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ....................................................... 37
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection ................................................................ 39
2.1 Freestanding Installation ................................................................................... 39
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ........................................................................ 40
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements ................................................ 40
2.2.1.1 Precautions .................................................................................... 40
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................ 40
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................ 40
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 43
3.1 Front Panel Connection .................................................................................... 43
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GS-4012F User’s Guide
3.1.1 Console Port ........................................................................................... 43
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ............................................................................. 44
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................ 44
3.1.3 SFP Slots ................................................................................................ 44
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................ 44
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ................................................................... 45
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................ 46
3.2.1 Power Connector ..................................................................................... 46
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ............................................. 46
3.3 Front Panel LEDs .......................................................................................... 47
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ........................................................................................... 49
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 49
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................. 49
4.3 The Status Screen ........................................................................................ 50
4.3.1 Change Your Password ........................................................................ 54
4.4 Switch Lockout ................................................................................................ 54
4.5 Resetting the Switch ....................................................................................... 55
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File ................................................................. 55
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ............................................................... 56
4.7 Help ................................................................................................................. 56
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example............................................................................................. 57
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 57
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ...................................................................... 57
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings .......................................................... 58
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ...................................................................................... 59
5.1.4 Setting Port VID ....................................................................................... 60
5.1.5 Enabling RIP ............................................................................................ 61
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics........................................................................ 63
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 63
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................... 63
6.2.1 Port Details ............................................................................................. 64
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 69
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 69
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................... 69
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................. 71
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GS-4012F User’s Guide
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ...................................................................................... 73
7.5 IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 74
7.6 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................ 74
7.7 IP Setup ............................................................................................................ 76
7.7.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................ 76
7.8 Port Setup ......................................................................................................... 78
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 81
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................. 81
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames .............................................. 81
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration .......................................................................... 82
8.2.1 GARP ....................................................................................................... 82
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers ................................................................................. 82
8.2.2 GVRP ....................................................................................................... 82
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ......................................................................................... 83
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ...................................................................................... 83
8.5 Static VLAN ....................................................................................................... 84
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ................................................................................... 84
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................ 85
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................. 87
8.6 Port-based VLANs ........................................................................................... 88
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN .................................................................. 88
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup.................................................................................... 91
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 91
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................ 91
Chapter 10
Filtering................................................................................................................... 93
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 93
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule ............................................................................... 93
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol......................................................................................... 95
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 95
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................... 95
11.1.2 How STP Works .................................................................................... 96
11.1.3 STP Port States ..................................................................................... 96
11.2 STP Status ..................................................................................................... 96
11.2.1 Configure STP ....................................................................................... 98
Table of Contents 9
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control............................................................................................... 101
12.1 Configuring .................................................................................................... 101
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................................... 103
13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 103
13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ..................................................................... 103
Chapter 14
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 105
14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 105
14.2 Port Mirroring Configuration .......................................................................... 105
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation ................................................................................................. 107
15.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 107
15.1.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation ................................................................. 107
15.1.2 Link Aggregation ID ............................................................................. 108
15.2 Link Aggregation Status ................................................................................. 108
15.3 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................ 109
Chapter 16
Port Authentication...............................................................................................113
16.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 113
16.1.1 RADIUS ............................................................................................... 113
16.2 Configuring Port Authentication ..................................................................... 113
16.2.1 Activating IEEE 802.1x Security ......................................................... 114
16.2.2 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................. 115
Chapter 17
Port Security..........................................................................................................117
17.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 117
17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................ 117
Chapter 18
Classifier................................................................................................................119
18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 119
18.2 Configuring the Classifier .............................................................................. 119
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................ 122
18.4 Classifier Example ......................................................................................... 123
10 Table of Contents
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Chapter 19
Policy Rule........................................................................................................... 125
19.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 125
19.1.1 DiffServ ................................................................................................ 125
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ............................................................... 125
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ............................................................................... 125
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ...................................................... 128
19.4 Policy Example .............................................................................................. 129
Chapter 20
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 131
20.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 131
20.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) .............................................................. 131
20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ......................................... 132
20.2 Configuring Queuing ...................................................................................... 132
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking ..................................................................................................... 135
21.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 135
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ...................................................................... 135
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................. 136
21.3 VLAN Tag Format .......................................................................................... 136
21.3.1 Frame Format ...................................................................................... 137
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ........................................................................... 138
Chapter 22
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 141
22.1 Configuring .................................................................................................. 141
Chapter 23
RIP ........................................................................................................................ 143
23.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 143
23.2 Configuring .................................................................................................. 143
Chapter 24
OSPF ..................................................................................................................... 145
24.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 145
24.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas .............................................. 145
24.1.2 How OSPF Works ................................................................................ 146
24.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................. 146
24.1.4 Configuring OSPF ............................................................................... 146
24.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................ 147
24.3 Enabling OSPF and General Settings .......................................................... 148
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GS-4012F User’s Guide
24.4 Configuring OSPF Areas .............................................................................. 150
24.4.1 Viewing OSPF Area Information Table ................................................. 151
24.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ....................................................................... 152
24.6 OSPF Virtual Links ...................................................................................... 153
Chapter 25
IGMP...................................................................................................................... 155
25.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 155
25.2 Configuring .................................................................................................. 155
Chapter 26
DVMRP .................................................................................................................. 157
26.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 157
26.2 How DVMRP Works ...................................................................................... 157
26.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ........................................................................... 158
26.3 Configuring DVMRP ..................................................................................... 158
26.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages .............................................. 159
26.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ...................................................................... 160
Chapter 27
IP Multicast ........................................................................................................... 161
27.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 161
27.2 Configuring .................................................................................................... 161
Chapter 28
Differentiated Services........................................................................................ 163
28.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 163
28.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior .............................................................. 163
28.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................. 163
28.2 Activating DiffServ ........................................................................................ 164
28.3 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping ...................................................... 165
28.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................. 165
Chapter 29
DHCP..................................................................................................................... 167
29.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 167
29.1.1 DHCP modes ...................................................................................... 167
29.2 DHCP Server Status ...................................................................................... 167
29.3 Configuring DHCP Server ........................................................................... 168
29.3.1 DHCP Server Configuration Example .................................................. 170
29.4 Configuring DHCP Relay ............................................................................... 170
29.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ........................................................... 171
29.4.2 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................... 172
12 Table of Contents
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Chapter 30
VRRP ..................................................................................................................... 173
30.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 173
30.2 Viewing VRRP Status .................................................................................. 174
30.3 Configuring VRRP ......................................................................................... 175
30.3.1 IP Interface Setup ............................................................................... 175
30.3.2 VRRP Parameters ............................................................................... 176
30.3.2.1 Advertisement Interval ............................................................... 176
30.3.2.2 Priority ....................................................................................... 176
30.3.2.3 Preempt Mode ........................................................................... 176
30.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters ............................................................ 177
30.4 VRRP Configuration Summary ...................................................................... 178
30.5 VRRP Configuration Examples .................................................................... 178
30.5.1 One Subnet Network Example ............................................................ 178
30.5.2 Two Subnets Example ........................................................................ 180
Chapter 31
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 183
31.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................. 183
31.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................ 183
31.3 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................... 184
31.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ................................................................... 184
31.5 Load Factory Defaults .................................................................................. 185
31.6 Reboot System .............................................................................................. 185
31.7 FTP Command Line ...................................................................................... 186
31.7.1 Filename Conventions ........................................................................ 186
31.7.1.1 Example FTP Commands .......................................................... 186
31.7.2 FTP Command Line Procedure .......................................................... 187
31.7.3 GUI-based FTP Clients ........................................................................ 187
31.7.4 FTP over WAN Restrictions ................................................................ 188
Chapter 32
Access Control..................................................................................................... 189
32.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 189
32.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................. 189
32.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................. 190
32.3.1 Supported MIBs ................................................................................. 191
32.3.2 SNMP Traps ....................................................................................... 191
32.3.3 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................. 192
32.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................. 192
32.4 SSH Overview ............................................................................................... 193
32.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................. 194
32.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ............................................................... 195
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GS-4012F User’s Guide
32.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ............................................................... 195
32.7 Introduction to HTTPS ................................................................................... 195
32.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................ 196
32.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ................................................... 196
32.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages .............................................. 197
32.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................. 198
32.9 Service Port Access Control ........................................................................ 200
32.10 Remote Management ................................................................................ 200
Chapter 33
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 203
33.1 Diagnostic ..................................................................................................... 203
Chapter 34
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 205
34.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 205
34.2 Cluster Management Status ......................................................................... 206
34.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................. 207
34.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .................... 207
34.3 Configuring Cluster Management ................................................................. 208
Chapter 35
MAC Table..............................................................................................................211
35.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 211
35.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................. 212
Chapter 36
IP Table ................................................................................................................. 213
36.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 213
36.2 Viewing the IP Table ..................................................................................... 214
Chapter 37
ARP Table ............................................................................................................. 215
37.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 215
37.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................. 215
37.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................. 215
Chapter 38
Routing Table ....................................................................................................... 217
38.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 217
38.2 Viewing the Routing Table ............................................................................ 217
14 Table of Contents
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Chapter 39
Introducing the Commands .............................................................................. 219
39.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 219
39.1.1 Switch Configuration File ..................................................................... 219
39.2 Accessing the CLI .......................................................................................... 219
39.2.1 Access Priority .................................................................................... 220
39.2.2 The Console Port ................................................................................. 220
39.2.2.1 Initial Screen ............................................................................... 220
39.2.3 Telnet ................................................................................................... 220
39.3 The Login Screen ......................................................................................... 221
39.4 Command Syntax Conventions ..................................................................... 221
39.5 Getting Help ................................................................................................... 222
39.5.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................. 222
39.5.2 Detailed Command Information ........................................................... 223
39.6 Command Modes .......................................................................................... 223
39.7 Using Command History ................................................................................ 224
39.8 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................. 224
39.8.1 Logging Out .......................................................................................... 225
39.9 Command Summary ...................................................................................... 225
39.9.1 User Mode ............................................................................................ 225
39.9.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................ 226
39.9.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................ 230
39.9.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................... 241
39.9.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................... 244
39.9.6 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................ 245
Chapter 40
Command Examples........................................................................................... 247
40.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 247
40.2 show Commands ........................................................................................... 247
40.2.1 show system-information .................................................................... 247
40.2.2 show hardware-monitor ........................................................................ 248
40.2.3 show ip ................................................................................................. 248
40.2.4 show logging ....................................................................................... 249
40.2.5 show interface ..................................................................................... 249
40.2.6 show mac address-table ..................................................................... 250
40.3 ping ............................................................................................................... 251
40.4 traceroute ...................................................................................................... 252
40.5 Enabling RSTP .............................................................................................. 252
40.6 Configuration File Maintenance .................................................................... 253
40.6.1 Backing up Configuration ..................................................................... 253
40.6.2 Restoring Configuration ...................................................................... 253
40.6.3 Using a Different Configuration File ..................................................... 254
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GS-4012F User’s Guide
40.6.4 Resetting to the Factory Default ........................................................... 254
40.7 no Command Examples ................................................................................ 255
40.7.1 no mirror-port ...................................................................................... 255
40.7.2 no https timeout .................................................................................... 255
40.7.3 no trunk ................................................................................................ 256
40.7.4 no port-access-authenticator ................................................................ 256
40.7.5 no ssh ................................................................................................... 257
40.8 interface Commands ..................................................................................... 257
40.8.1 interface port-channel ......................................................................... 258
40.8.2 interface route-domain ......................................................................... 258
40.8.3 bpdu-control ........................................................................................ 259
40.8.4 broadcast-limit ..................................................................................... 259
40.8.5 bandwidth-limit .................................................................................... 260
40.8.6 mirror ................................................................................................... 261
40.8.7 gvrp ..................................................................................................... 261
40.8.8 ingress-check ...................................................................................... 262
40.8.9 frame-type ........................................................................................... 262
40.8.10 spq .................................................................................................... 263
40.8.11 wrr ..................................................................................................... 263
40.8.12 egress set .......................................................................................... 264
40.8.13 qos priority .......................................................................................... 264
40.8.14 name .................................................................................................. 265
40.8.15 speed-duplex ...................................................................................... 265
Chapter 41
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 267
41.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview .......................................................... 267
41.2 VLAN Databases ........................................................................................... 267
41.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ............................................................... 267
41.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) .......................................................... 268
41.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................. 268
41.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands ............................ 269
41.4.1 GARP Status ........................................................................................ 269
41.4.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................ 269
41.4.3 GVRP Timer ......................................................................................... 270
41.4.4 Enable GVRP ....................................................................................... 270
41.4.5 Disable GVRP ...................................................................................... 271
41.5 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................. 271
41.5.1 Set Port VID ........................................................................................ 271
41.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................. 271
41.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP .............................................................. 272
41.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................. 272
41.5.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ......................................... 273
16 Table of Contents
GS-4012F User’s Guide
41.5.4.2 Forwarding Process Example ..................................................... 273
41.5.5 Delete VLAN ID .................................................................................... 273
41.6 Enable VLAN ................................................................................................ 274
41.7 Disable VLAN ................................................................................................ 274
41.8 Show VLAN Setting ...................................................................................... 274
Chapter 42
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 277
42.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ................................................................... 277
42.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .................................................................... 277
42.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................... 278
42.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers .............................................. 278
42.2.1.2 JavaScripts ................................................................................. 281
42.2.1.3 Java Permissions ....................................................................... 283
42.3 Problems with the Password ......................................................................... 285
Appendix A
Product Specifications........................................................................................ 287
Appendix B
IP Subnetting........................................................................................................ 291
Index...................................................................................................................... 299
Table of Contents 17
GS-4012F User’s Guide
18 Table of Contents
GS-4012F User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................. 35
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................36
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................... 36
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ...................................................................37
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................... 37
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 39
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets .............................................................40
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................. 41
Figure 9 Front Panel ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................... 45
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................ 45
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................ 45
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................. 46
Figure 14 Rear Panel ............................................................................................ 46
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login ........................................................................ 49
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 50
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................54
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................... 56
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen .........................................................56
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................... 57
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ...................................................59
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................... 60
Figure 23 Status .................................................................................................... 63
Figure 24 Status: Port Details ................................................................................ 65
Figure 25 System Info ........................................................................................... 70
Figure 26 General Setup ....................................................................................... 72
Figure 27 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 74
Figure 28 IP Setup .................................................................................................. 77
Figure 29 Port Setup ............................................................................................. 79
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................... 83
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 84
Figure 32 VLAN: VLAN Status ............................................................................... 84
Figure 33 VLAN: Static VLAN ...............................................................................86
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ...................................................................... 87
Figure 35 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 89
Figure 36 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ...............................................89
Figure 37 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................... 91
Figure 38 Filtering .................................................................................................. 93
List of Figures 19
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Figure 39 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................. 97
Figure 40 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ..................................................98
Figure 41 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................101
Figure 42 Broadcast Storm Control ....................................................................... 103
Figure 43 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 105
Figure 44 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................. 108
Figure 45 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ................................. 110
Figure 46 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 113
Figure 47 Port Authentication ................................................................................114
Figure 48 Port Authentication: 802.1x ...................................................................114
Figure 49 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................115
Figure 50 Port Security .......................................................................................... 117
Figure 51 Classifier ................................................................................................ 120
Figure 52 Classifier: Summary Table ..................................................................... 122
Figure 53 Classifier: Example ................................................................................124
Figure 54 Policy ....................................................................................................126
Figure 55 Policy: Summary Table .......................................................................... 128
Figure 56 Policy Example ...................................................................................... 130
Figure 57 Queuing Method .................................................................................... 132
Figure 58 VLAN Stacking Example ....................................................................... 136
Figure 59 VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................138
Figure 60 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 141
Figure 61 RIP ........................................................................................................ 144
Figure 62 OSPF Network Example ........................................................................ 146
Figure 63 OSPF Status .......................................................................................... 147
Figure 64 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ..........................149
Figure 65 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup .......................................................... 150
Figure 66 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ................................................... 151
Figure 67 OSPF Interface ......................................................................................152
Figure 68 OSPF Virtual Link .................................................................................. 153
Figure 69 IGMP ..................................................................................................... 155
Figure 70 How DVMRP Works .............................................................................. 158
Figure 71 DVMRP ................................................................................................. 158
Figure 72 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ......................................................... 159
Figure 73 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ................................................ 159
Figure 74 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ................................................. 160
Figure 75 IP Multicast ............................................................................................ 161
Figure 76 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .....................................................163
Figure 77 DiffServ Network Example ..................................................................... 164
Figure 78 DiffServ .................................................................................................. 164
Figure 79 DiffServ: DSCP Setting .......................................................................... 165
Figure 80 DHCP: DHCP Server Status .................................................................168
Figure 81 DHCP: Server ....................................................................................... 169
20 List of Figures
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Figure 82 DHCP Server Network Example ........................................................... 170
Figure 83 DHCP Server Configuration Example ................................................... 170
Figure 84 DHCP: Relay ......................................................................................... 171
Figure 85 DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................. 172
Figure 86 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ..................................................... 172
Figure 87 VRRP: Example 1 ................................................................................. 173
Figure 88 VRRP Status ......................................................................................... 174
Figure 89 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ..........................................................175
Figure 90 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters .............................................. 177
Figure 91 VRRP Configuration: Summary ............................................................. 178
Figure 92 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network .................179
Figure 93 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ................... 179
Figure 94 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ................... 179
Figure 95 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ....................................... 180
Figure 96 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ....................................... 180
Figure 97 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ................. 180
Figure 98 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A .....181
Figure 99 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B .....181
Figure 100 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ..................................... 181
Figure 101 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ..................................... 181
Figure 102 Maintenance ....................................................................................... 183
Figure 103 Firmware Upgrade ..............................................................................183
Figure 104 Restore Configuration ......................................................................... 184
Figure 105 Backup Configuration .......................................................................... 184
Figure 106 Load Factory Default: Conformation ...................................................185
Figure 107 Load Factory Default: Start .................................................................. 185
Figure 108 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................. 185
Figure 109 Reboot System: Start .......................................................................... 186
Figure 110 Console Port Priority ............................................................................ 189
Figure 111 Access Control ..................................................................................... 190
Figure 112 SNMP Management Model .................................................................190
Figure 113 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................192
Figure 114 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................ 193
Figure 115 SSH Communication Example ............................................................. 194
Figure 116 How SSH Works ................................................................................... 194
Figure 117 HTTPS Implementation ........................................................................ 196
Figure 118 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ........................................ 197
Figure 119 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) .......................................................... 197
Figure 120 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) .......................................................... 198
Figure 121 Login Screen (Internet Explorer) .......................................................... 199
Figure 122 Login Screen (Netscape) ...................................................................... 199
Figure 123 Access Control: Service Access Control .............................................200
Figure 124 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................ 201
List of Figures 21
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Figure 125 Diagnostic ............................................................................................ 203
Figure 126 Clustering Application Example ........................................................... 205
Figure 127 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................... 206
Figure 128 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ...... 207
Figure 129 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............... 208
Figure 130 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................... 209
Figure 131 MAC Table Flowchart ..........................................................................211
Figure 132 MAC Table ...........................................................................................212
Figure 133 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................... 213
Figure 134 IP Table ...............................................................................................214
Figure 135 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 216
Figure 136 Routing Table Status ...........................................................................217
Figure 137 Initial Console Port Screen ................................................................... 220
Figure 138 CLI: Login Screen ................................................................................221
Figure 139 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 ............................................222
Figure 140 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 ............................................223
Figure 141 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 ........................ 223
Figure 142 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 ....................... 223
Figure 143 CLI: History Command Example ......................................................... 224
Figure 144 CLI: write memory ...............................................................................224
Figure 145 show system-information Command Example ....................................247
Figure 146 show hardware-monitor Command Example ...................................... 248
Figure 147 show ip Command Example ................................................................ 249
Figure 148 show logging Command Example ....................................................... 249
Figure 149 show interface Command Example ..................................................... 250
Figure 150 show mac address-table Command Example .....................................251
Figure 151 ping Command Example .....................................................................251
Figure 152 traceroute Command Example ............................................................ 252
Figure 153 Enable RSTP Command Example ...................................................... 253
Figure 154 CLI: Backup Configuration Example ................................................... 253
Figure 155 CLI: Restore Configuration Example ................................................... 254
Figure 156 CLI: boot config Command Example ................................................... 254
Figure 157 CLI: reload config Command Example ................................................ 254
Figure 158 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ......................................... 255
Figure 159 no mirror-port Command Example ......................................................255
Figure 160 no https timeout Command Example .................................................. 255
Figure 161 no trunk Command Example ............................................................... 256
Figure 162 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ..............................257
Figure 163 no ssh Command Example ................................................................. 257
Figure 164 interface Command Example .............................................................. 258
Figure 165 interface Command Example .............................................................. 259
Figure 166 interface bpdu-control Command Example ......................................... 259
Figure 167 broadcast-limit Command Example .................................................... 260
22 List of Figures
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Figure 168 bandwidth-limit Command Example .................................................... 260
Figure 169 mirror Command Example .................................................................. 261
Figure 170 gvrp Command Example ..................................................................... 262
Figure 171 ingress-check Command Example ...................................................... 262
Figure 172 frame-type Command Example ........................................................... 263
Figure 173 spq Command Example ...................................................................... 263
Figure 174 wrr Command Example ....................................................................... 264
Figure 175 egress set Command Example ........................................................... 264
Figure 176 qos priority Command Example .......................................................... 265
Figure 177 name Command Example ................................................................... 265
Figure 178 speed-duplex Command Example ...................................................... 265
Figure 179 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ......................... 268
Figure 180 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example .............................269
Figure 181 GARP STATUS Command Example ................................................... 269
Figure 182 GARP Timer Command Example ......................................................... 270
Figure 183 GVRP Status Command Example ....................................................... 270
Figure 184 vlan1q port default vid Command Example ......................................... 271
Figure 185 frame type Command Example ........................................................... 272
Figure 186 no gvrp Command Example ................................................................ 272
Figure 187 Modifying Static VLAN Example .......................................................... 273
Figure 188 no vlan Command Example ................................................................ 274
Figure 189 show vlan Command Example ............................................................ 275
Figure 190 Pop-up Blocker ..................................................................................... 278
Figure 191 Internet Options ................................................................................... 279
Figure 192 Internet Options .................................................................................... 280
Figure 193 Pop-up Blocker Settings ....................................................................... 281
Figure 194 Internet Options .................................................................................... 282
Figure 195 Security Settings - Java Scripting .........................................................283
Figure 196 Security Settings - Java ........................................................................ 284
Figure 197 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 285
List of Figures 23
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24 List of Figures
GS-4012F User’s Guide
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................... 43
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs ...................................................................................... 47
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 51
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................. 51
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 52
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................64
Table 7 Status: Port Details ....................................................................................65
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................... 70
Table 9 General Setup ........................................................................................... 72
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 75
Table 11 IP Setup ................................................................................................... 77
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 79
Table 13 GARP Terminology ................................................................................. 82
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................ 85
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 86
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 87
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 90
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................... 92
Table 19 FIltering ................................................................................................... 93
Table 20 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 95
Table 21 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 96
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................... 97
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................... 98
Table 24 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................... 101
Table 25 Broadcast Storm Control .........................................................................104
Table 26 Mirroring ..................................................................................................106
Table 27 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ..........................................................108
Table 28 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ...........................................................108
Table 29 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Status ..............................................109
Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ...................................110
Table 31 Port Authentication: 802.1x ..................................................................... 114
Table 32 Port Authentication: RADIUS .................................................................. 115
Table 33 Port Security ...........................................................................................118
Table 34 Classifier ................................................................................................. 120
Table 35 Classifier: Summary Table ......................................................................122
Table 36 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ..................................... 122
Table 37 Common IP Ports .................................................................................... 123
Table 38 Policy ......................................................................................................127
List of Tables 25
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Table 39 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................... 128
Table 40 Physical Queue Priority ........................................................................... 131
Table 41 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 133
Table 42 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................... 136
Table 43 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ................................ 137
Table 44 802.1Q Frame ......................................................................................... 137
Table 45 VLAN Stacking ........................................................................................138
Table 46 Static Routing .......................................................................................... 141
Table 47 RIP ..........................................................................................................144
Table 48 OSPF vs. RIP .......................................................................................... 145
Table 49 OSPF: Router Types ............................................................................... 145
Table 50 OSPF Status ...........................................................................................147
Table 51 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields .................................................... 148
Table 52 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ........................... 149
Table 53 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ............................................................ 150
Table 54 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ..................................................... 151
Table 55 OSPF Interface ....................................................................................... 152
Table 56 OSPF Virtual Link ....................................................................................153
Table 57 IGMP ....................................................................................................... 155
Table 58 DVMRP ................................................................................................... 159
Table 59 DVMRP: Default Timer Values ................................................................ 160
Table 60 IP Multicast .............................................................................................162
Table 61 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 164
Table 62 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 165
Table 63 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 166
Table 64 DHCP: DHCP Server Status ................................................................... 168
Table 65 DHCP: Server ......................................................................................... 169
Table 66 DHCP: Relay ........................................................................................... 171
Table 67 VRRP Status ...........................................................................................174
Table 68 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ...........................................................176
Table 69 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ................................................177
Table 70 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ...................................................178
Table 71 Filename Conventions ............................................................................186
Table 72 Access Control Summary ....................................................................... 189
Table 73 SNMP Commands ..................................................................................191
Table 74 SNMP Traps ............................................................................................ 191
Table 75 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 192
Table 76 Access Control: Logins ...........................................................................193
Table 77 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................. 200
Table 78 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 201
Table 79 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 203
Table 80 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .......................................205
Table 81 Cluster Management: Status ................................................................... 206
26 List of Tables
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Table 82 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 208
Table 83 Clustering Management Configuration ...................................................209
Table 84 MAC Table ..............................................................................................212
Table 85 IP Table ................................................................................................... 214
Table 86 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 216
Table 87 Routing Table Status ...............................................................................217
Table 88 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 225
Table 89 Command Summary: Enable Mode ........................................................ 226
Table 90 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .............................................. 230
Table 91 interface port-channel Commands .......................................................... 242
Table 92 interface route-domain Commands ......................................................... 245
Table 93 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 245
Table 94 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch .......................................... 277
Table 95 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................... 277
Table 96 Troubleshooting the Password ................................................................ 285
Table 97 General Product Specifications ...............................................................287
Table 98 Management Specifications .................................................................... 288
Table 99 Physical and Environmental Specifications ............................................. 289
Table 100 Classes of IP Addresses ....................................................................... 291
Table 101 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ....................................................292
Table 102 “Natural” Masks .................................................................................... 292
Table 103 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation .........................................................293
Table 104 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................... 293
Table 105 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................ 294
Table 106 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 294
Table 107 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................ 295
Table 108 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 295
Table 109 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................ 295
Table 110 Subnet 4 ................................................................................................ 296
Table 111 Eight Subnets ........................................................................................ 296
Table 112 Class C Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 296
Table 113 Class B Subnet Planning .......................................................................297
List of Tables 27
GS-4012F User’s Guide
28 List of Tables
GS-4012F User’s Guide
Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the GS-4012F Ethernet Switch.
This preface introduces you to the GS-4012F Ethernet Switch and discusses the conventions
of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
Note: Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and
information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for
North American products.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
GS-4012F for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “click the Apple icon,
Control Panels and then Modem” means first click the Apple icon, then point your
mouse pointer to Control Panels and then click Modem.
• For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.,” as a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” for
“that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual.
• The GS-4012F Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the GS-4012F” or “the switch” in
this User’s Guide.
[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
[ENTER] means the Enter, or
Preface 29
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