How it Works
Zyxel
Loading...
GS1500
specifications
4 pgs1.46 Mb0
user manual
182 pgs5.04 Mb0
Table of contents
Loading...

Zyxel GS1500 user manual

Download
Page 1

GS1500-24P

Web Managed GbE Switch
Default Login Details
Firmware Version 1.00 Edition 1, 8/2009
www.zyxel.com
Copyright © 2009 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
Page 2
Page 3

About This User's Guide

About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the Switch using the web configurator.
Related Documentation
• Support Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
Documentation Feedback
Send your comments, questions or suggestions to: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan.
Need More Help?
More help is available at www.zyxel.com.
• Download Library
Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide and Quick Start Guide in order to better understand how to use your product.
• Knowledge Base
If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here. This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL products.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
3
Page 4
About This User's Guide
•Forum
This contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL products and share your experiences as well.
Customer Support
Should problems arise that cannot be solved by the methods listed above, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
• Product model and serial number.
•Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
4
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 5

Document Conventions

Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The GS1500-24P may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click
Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
5
Page 6
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an exact representation of your device.
Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Tele p ho n e Switch Router
6
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 7

Safety Warnings

Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do not obstruct the device ventillation slots as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Use ONLY power wires of the appropriate wire gauge (see Chapter 24 on page 161 for details) for your device. Connect it to a power supply of the correct voltage (see Chapter
24 on page 161 for details).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Fuse Warning! Replace a fuse only with a fuse of the same type and rating.
• The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7 mm.
• For pluggable equipment (equipment that doesn’t have a fixed power connection), the socket-outlet shall be installed near the equipment and shall be easily accessible (install the device within reach of a power outlet and keep the area free of obstructions).
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
7
Page 8
Safety Warnings
8
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 9

Contents Overview

Contents Overview
Introduction and Hardware ...................................................................................................19
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 21
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 27
Hardware Panels ....................................................................................................................... 31
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................37
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 39
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 47
System ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Configuration .........................................................................................................................57
Link Aggregation ........................................................................................................................ 59
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Spanning Tree Protocol ............................................................................................................. 73
QoS ........................................................................................................................................... 79
Mirroring .................................................................................................................................... 91
SNMP ........................................................................................................................................ 95
Rate Limit ................................................................................................................................ 107
Bandwidth Control and Jumbo Frame ...................................................................................... 111
Power Over Ethernet ................................................................................................................115
Security ................................................................................................................................. 119
MAC Address ......................................................................................................................... 121
802.1x ...................................................................................................................................... 127
Dynamic ARP .......................................................................................................................... 131
Storm Control ........................................................................................................................... 137
Defence Engine ....................................................................................................................... 139
Monitoring and Tools ...........................................................................................................141
Monitoring ................................................................................................................................ 143
Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 149
Troubleshooting & Product Specifications ....................................................................... 155
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 157
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 161
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 167
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
9
Page 10
Contents Overview
10
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 11

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................5
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................7
Contents Overview ................................................................................................................... 9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
Part I: Introduction and Hardware ........................................................ 19
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................21
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 21
1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................. 21
1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 22
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example ....................................................................... 23
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................ 23
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch ................................................................................................ 24
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch ................................................................................. 24
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................27
2.1 Installation Scenarios .......................................................................................................... 27
2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure ........................................................................................... 27
2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 27
2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 28
2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 28
2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 29
Chapter 3
Hardware Panels .....................................................................................................................31
3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 31
3.2 Front Panel ......................................................................................................................... 31
3.2.1 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ............................................................................................... 32
3.2.2 Mini-GBIC Slots ..........................................................................................................33
3.2.3 The RESET Button ..................................................................................................... 35
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
11
Page 12
Table of Contents
3.3 Rear Panel .......................................................................................................................... 35
3.3.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 35
3.4 LEDs .................................................................................................................................. 35
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 37
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................39
4.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 39
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................................... 39
4.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 40
4.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 44
4.4 Saving Your Configuration ................................................................................................... 44
4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................. 44
4.6 Resetting the Switch ......................................................................................................... 45
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................................. 45
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................47
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 47
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 47
5.1.2 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................48
5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ...................................................................... 49
Chapter 6
System ....................................................................................................................................51
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 51
6.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................ 51
6.3 Information ........................................................................................................................ 52
6.4 Time Setting ....................................................................................................................... 53
6.5 IP Setting Screen ............................................................................................................... 53
6.6 User Account ...................................................................................................................... 54
6.7 Port Setting ......................................................................................................................... 55
Part III: Configuration ............................................................................ 57
Chapter 7
Link Aggregation .................................................................................................................... 59
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 59
7.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................ 59
12
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 13
Table of Contents
7.3 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................59
7.3.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation ........................................................................................ 60
7.4 Trunk Group Setting ............................................................................................................ 60
7.5 Trunk Distribution Algorithm ............................................................................................... 62
7.6 LACP Setting ...................................................................................................................... 63
7.7 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 64
7.7.1 Static Trunking Example ............................................................................................. 64
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................67
8.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 67
8.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................ 67
8.3 What You Need to Know ....................................................................................................67
8.3.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs ..................................................................................... 67
8.3.2 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 68
8.3.3 Common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology ................................................................. 68
8.3.4 Static VLAN ................................................................................................................ 69
8.4 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................................ 70
8.5 Port-based VLAN ............................................................................................................. 71
Chapter 9
Spanning Tree Protocol..........................................................................................................73
9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 73
9.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................ 73
9.3 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................73
9.3.1 STP Terminology ....................................................................................................... 74
9.3.2 How STP Works ........................................................................................................ 74
9.3.3 STP Port States .........................................................................................................74
9.4 STP Global Setting .............................................................................................................. 75
9.5 STP Port Setting .................................................................................................................. 77
Chapter 10
QoS...........................................................................................................................................79
10.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 79
10.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................. 79
10.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 80
10.3.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................................... 80
10.3.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior .................................................................................. 80
10.3.3 DiffServ Network Example ...................................................................................... 81
10.4 Port-based Priority ............................................................................................................. 81
10.5 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings ............................................................................. 82
10.5.1 DSCP-based Priority ................................................................................................ 83
10.6 Policy-based Priority .......................................................................................................... 83
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
13
Page 14
Table of Contents
10.6.1 Policy-based Priority - Add/Modify ........................................................................... 85
10.7 Priority to Queue Mapping .................................................................................................86
10.8 Packet Scheduling ............................................................................................................. 87
10.8.1 Strictly Priority Queuing ............................................................................................ 87
10.8.2 Weighted Fair Queuing ............................................................................................ 88
10.8.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ............................................................. 88
Chapter 11
Mirroring ..................................................................................................................................91
11.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 91
11.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................. 91
11.3 Port-based Mirroring .......................................................................................................... 92
11.4 Policy-based Mirroring ....................................................................................................... 93
11.4.1 Policy-based Mirroring - Add/Modify ........................................................................ 93
Chapter 12
SNMP........................................................................................................................................95
12.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 95
12.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................. 95
12.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 95
12.3.1 About SNMP ........................................................................................................... 95
12.4 SNMP Setting .................................................................................................................... 97
12.5 SNMPv3 Setting ................................................................................................................ 99
12.6 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 103
Chapter 13
Rate Limit...............................................................................................................................107
13.1 Rate Limit Overview ....................................................................................................... 107
13.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 107
13.3 Rate Limit Summary ........................................................................................................107
13.3.1 Rate Limit Add/Modify ........................................................................................... 108
Chapter 14
Bandwidth Control and Jumbo Frame................................................................................ 111
14.1 Bandwidth Control and Jumbo Frame Overview ............................................................. 111
14.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................. 111
14.3 Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................................112
14.4 Jumbo Frame Setting .......................................................................................................113
Chapter 15
Power Over Ethernet ............................................................................................................115
15.1 Power Over Ethernet Overview .......................................................................................115
15.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................115
14
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 15
Table of Contents
15.3 Power Over Ethernet ........................................................................................................116
Part IV: Security ....................................................................................119
Chapter 16
MAC Address ....................................................................................................................... 121
16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 121
16.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 121
16.2.1 MAC Forwarding Table ........................................................................................... 122
16.2.2 Static MAC Address Forwarding ............................................................................ 122
16.3 MAC Forwarding Table .................................................................................................... 123
16.4 Static MAC ....................................................................................................................... 123
16.5 MAC Filtering ................................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 17
802.1x.....................................................................................................................................127
17.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 127
17.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 127
17.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 128
17.3.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication ................................................................................... 128
17.4 Port Authentication Configuration .................................................................................... 128
17.5 802.1x Setting .............................................................................................................. 129
17.6 802.1x Port Setting ...................................................................................................... 130
Chapter 18
Dynamic ARP ........................................................................................................................131
18.1 ARP Table Overview ........................................................................................................131
18.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 131
18.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 131
18.3.1 ARP Table Entries .................................................................................................. 132
18.3.2 How Dynamic ARP Works ..................................................................................... 132
18.3.3 ARP Inspection Overview ...................................................................................... 132
18.3.4 MAC-IP Binding ...................................................................................................... 133
18.4 Dynamic ARP Setting ...................................................................................................... 133
18.5 Dynamic ARP VLAN Setting ............................................................................................ 134
18.6 MAC-IP Binding Config .................................................................................................... 135
Chapter 19
Storm Control........................................................................................................................137
19.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 137
19.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 137
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
15
Page 16
Table of Contents
19.3 Storm Control Setting ...................................................................................................... 138
Chapter 20
Defence Engine.....................................................................................................................139
20.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 139
20.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 139
20.3 Activating Defence Engine .............................................................................................. 139
Part V: Monitoring and Tools .............................................................. 141
Chapter 21
Monitoring ............................................................................................................................. 143
21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 143
21.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 143
21.3 Logging Setting ............................................................................................................... 143
21.4 Logging Viewing .............................................................................................................. 145
21.5 Port Statistics ................................................................................................................... 147
Chapter 22
Tools....................................................................................................................................... 149
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 149
22.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 149
22.3 TFTP ................................................................................................................................ 149
22.4 Reset ............................................................................................................................... 151
22.5 Reboot ............................................................................................................................. 151
Part VI: Troubleshooting & Product Specifications.......................... 155
Chapter 23
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................157
23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 157
23.2 Switch Access and Login ................................................................................................. 158
Chapter 24
Product Specifications.........................................................................................................161
Part VII: Appendices and Index .......................................................... 167
Appendix A Changing a Fuse ..............................................................................................169
16
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 17
Table of Contents
Appendix B Common Services.............................................................................................171
Appendix C Legal Information ..............................................................................................175
Index.......................................................................................................................................179
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
17
Page 18
Table of Contents
18
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 19
PART I
Introduction and
Hardware
Getting to Know Your Switch (21)
Hardware Installation and Connection (27)
Hardware Panels (31)
19
Page 20
20
Page 21
CHAPTER 1

Getting to Know Your Switch

1.1 Introduction

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.
The Switch is a web managed switch with Layer 2 functions. The Switch has twenty-four 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports each with Power-Over-Ethernet (PoE) function. It also has four GbE dual personality interfaces with each interface comprising one mini-GBIC slot and one 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 port, with either port or slot active at a time.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In addition, the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, or third-party SNMP management.
See Chapter 24 on page 161 for a full list of software features available on the Switch.
This section shows a few examples of using the Switch in various network environments.
1.1.1 Backbone Application
The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the near future. The Switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or connect other switches to the Switch.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
21
Page 22
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
1.1.2 Bridging Example
In this example, the Switch connects different company departments (RD and Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and
eliminate server and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed department servers via the Switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the Switch.
Moreover, the Switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
22
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 23
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example
The Switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The Switch can provide the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 67.
1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by adding, moving or changing ports without any re­cabling.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
23
Page 24
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example

1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch

Use any of the following methods to manage the Switch.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Switch using a (supported) web browser. See Chapter 4 on page 39.
• TFTP. Use TFTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore. See
Chapter 22 on page 149.
• SNMP. The Switch can be monitored by an SNMP manager. See Chapter 12 on
page 95.

1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch

Do the following things regularly to make the Switch more secure and to manage the Switch more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
24
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 25
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Switch to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the Switch. You could simply restore your last configuration.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
25
Page 26
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
26
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 27
CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection

2.1 Installation Scenarios

This chapter shows you how to install and connect the Switch.
The Switch can be placed on a desktop or rack-mounted on a standard EIA rack. Use the rubber feet in a desktop installation and the brackets in a rack-mounted installation.
Note: For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for enclosed rack installations.

2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure

1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of
the Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and
the attachment of cables and the power cord.

2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

The Switch can be mounted on an EIA standard size, 19-inch rack or in a wiring closet with other equipment. Follow the steps below to mount your Switch on a standard EIA rack using a rack-mounting kit.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
27
Page 28
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.3.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it contains.
• Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or top­heavy. Take all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw
holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.
Figure 5 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the
mounting bracket holes into the Switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of
the Switch.
4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
28
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 29
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one side of
the rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the rack.
Figure 6 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the
mounting bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of
the rack.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
29
Page 30
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
30
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 31
CHAPTER 3
Ethernet Ports
Dual Personality Interfaces
LEDs

Hardware Panels

3.1 Overview

This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to make the hardware connections.

3.2 Front Panel

The following figure shows the front panel of the Switch.
Figure 7 Front Panel
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel Connections
LABEL DESCRIPTION
24 10/100/ 1000 RJ-45 Ethernet Ports
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
31
Page 32
Chapter 3 Hardware Panels
Table 1 Front Panel Connections (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Four Dual Personality Interfaces
Each interface has one 1000BASE-T RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) slot (also called a mini-GBIC slot), with one port or transceiver active at a time.
• Four 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ports: Connect these ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches using 1000BASE-T compatible Category 5/5e/6 copper cables.
•Four Mini-GBIC Slots: Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
3.2.1 Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The Switch has 1000Base-T auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/100/1000 Mbps Gigabit, the speed can be 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (10/100/1000 Mbps) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight­through or crossover Ethernet cable.
Four 1000Base-T Ethernet ports are paired with a mini-GBIC slot to create a dual personality interface. The Switch uses up to one connection for each mini-GBIC and 1000Base-T Ethernet pair. The mini-GBIC slots have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC slot and the corresponding GbE port are connected at the same time, the GbE port will be disabled.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, an Ethernet port negotiates with the peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer Ethernet port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, an Ethernet port uses the pre-configured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer Ethernet port are the same in order to connect.
3.2.1.1 Default Ethernet Negotiation Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Gigabit ports on the Switch are:
32
• Speed: Auto
•Duplex: Auto
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 33
• Flow control: Off
•Link Aggregation: Disabled
3.2.1.2 Auto-crossover
All ports are auto-crossover, that is auto-MDIX ports (Media Dependent Interface Crossover), so you may use either a straight-through Ethernet cable or crossover Ethernet cable for all Gigabit port connections. Auto-crossover ports automatically sense whether they need to function as crossover or straight ports, so crossover cables can connect both computers and switches/hubs.
3.2.2 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The Switch does not come with transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) Transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
Chapter 3 Hardware Panels
You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different transceivers to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic or even copper cable connectors.
To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber­optic module’s connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
3.2.2.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing
down.
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to
verify that it is functioning properly.
4 Close the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
33
Page 34
Chapter 3 Hardware Panels
5 Connect the fiber optic cables to the transceiver.
Figure 8 Transceiver Installation Example
Figure 9 Connecting the Fiber Optic Cables
3.2.2.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Remove the fiber optic cables from the transceiver.
2 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
3 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 10 Removing the Fiber Optic Cables
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example
34
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 35
3.2.3 The RESET Button
Reset the Switch to its factory default configuration via the RESET button. Press the RESET button for one second and release. The Switch automatically reboots and reloads its factory default configuration file. The RESET button is on the front panel of the Switch.

3.3 Rear Panel

The following figure shows the rear panel of the Switch.
Figure 13 Rear Panel
Chapter 3 Hardware Panels
3.3.1 Power Connector
Note: Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect power to the Switch, insert the female end of the power cord to the AC power receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the unit.
See Chapter 24 on page 161 for information on the Switch’s power supply requirements.

3.4 LEDs

After you connect the power to the Switch, view the LEDs to ensure proper functioning of the Switch and as an aid in troubleshooting.
Table 2 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
STATU S
Off The system is off or has failed.
DESCRIPTION
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
35
Page 36
Chapter 3 Hardware Panels
Table 2 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR
SYS Green On The system is on and functioning properly.
Ethernet Ports
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10 Mbps or
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps
PoE Amber On The port is feeding power.
FDX Amber On The port is in full-duplex mode.
Mini-GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The link to this port is up.
ACT Green Blinking This port is receiving or transmitting data.
STATU S
Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/
On The link to a 10 Mbps or a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Off The port is not feeding power.
Off The port is in half-duplex mode.
Off The link to this port is not connected.
DESCRIPTION
tests.
malfunctioning.
a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network.
up.
Ethernet network.
36
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 37
PART II

Basic Configuration

The Web Configurator (39)
Initial Setup Example (47)
System (51)
37
Page 38
38
Page 39
CHAPTER 4

The Web Configurator

4.1 Overview

This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).

4.2 System Login

1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (for example, the default
management IP address is 192.168.1.1) in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
39
Page 40
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
A
B
C
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234.
Figure 14 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.

4.3 The Status Screen

The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 15 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the screen in the main window. There is also a logout link.
40
B - The device graphic displays information regarding current port usage.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 41
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
C - Displays system information such as MAC address and firmware version.
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION SECURITY MONITORING TOOLS
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 4 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
SYSTEM
Information This link takes you to a screen that displays general system information.
Time Setting This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch’s time
IP Setting This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address,
User Account This link takes you to a screen where you can change the web
Port Setting This link takes you to a screen where you can configure settings for
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
settings.
subnet mask and gateway settings.
configurator login account.
individual Switch ports.
41
Page 42
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 4 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
CONFIGURATION
Link Aggregation
Trunk Group Setting
Trunk Distribution Algorithim
LACP Setting
VLAN This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can configure a port-
Static VLAN This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the static VLAN
Port-based VLAN
Spanning Tree This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP
STP Global Setting
STP Port Setting
QoS This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can configure the
Port-based priority
DSCP­based priority
Policy­based priority
Priority to Queue Mapping Setting
Packet Scheduling
Mirroring This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one
Port-based Mirroring
Policy­based Mirroring
This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can logically aggregate physical links to form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can assign ports to be part of a trunk group.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the trunk distribution algorithm for the trunk groups.
This link takes you to a screen where you can enable Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
based VLAN.
(IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a port.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the port VLAN ID (PVID) for a port.
to prevent network loops.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the global spanning tree settings for the Switch.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure individual port spanning tree settings.
Switch’s quality of service (QoS) parameters.
This link takes you to a screen where you can assign a IEEE
802.1p priority to packets based on the ingress (incoming) port of the packet.
This link takes you to a screen where you can assign priority to packets based on their Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCPs).
This link takes you to a screen where you can classify and prioritize
certain traffic flows.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the priority
level-to-physical queue mapping.
This link takes you to a screen where you can set priorities for the
Switch queues.
port or ports to another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without interference.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure port-based mirroring.
This link takes you to a screen where you can classify an ingress
traffic flow for mirroring.
42
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 43
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 4 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
SNMP This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can configure the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) settings.
SNMP Setting
SNMPv3 Setting
Rate Limit This link takes you to a screen where you can configure rate limits for
Bandwidth Control
Jumbo Frame This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Jumbo
Power Over Ethernet
SECURITY
MAC Address This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can configure MAC
MAC Forwarding Tab le
Static MAC This link takes you to a screen where you can
MAC Filtering
802.1x This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can configure IEEE
802.1x Setting
802.1x Port Setting
Dynamic ARP This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can activate dynamic
Dynamic ARP Setting
Dynamic ARP VLAN Setting
MAC-IP Binding
Storm Control This link takes you to a screen where you can limit the number of
Defence Engine
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure your SNMP
settings.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure your SNMP
v3 settings.
traffic flows.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure bandwidth limits on the Switch.
Frame size.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Power Over Ethernet settings (PoE).
address options.
This link takes you to a screen that displays static and dynamic MAC forwarding entries.
assign static MAC
addresses for a port.
This link takes you to a screen where you can create filtering rules for
traffic going through the Switch.
802.1x port authentication for clients communicating via the Switch.
This link takes you to a screen where you can activate IEEE
802.1x security and configure the RADIUS server settings. This link takes you to a screen where you can configure IEEE
802.1x port authentication settings.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) learning and enter static ARP table entries.
This link takes you to a screen where you can specify whether ports are trusted or untrusted ports for ARP inspection.
This link takes you to a screen where you can enable ARP inspection on each VLAN.
This link takes you to a screen where you can manage static MAC-IP
bindings for DHCP snooping and ARP inspection.
broadcast, multicast and unknown unicast and multicast packets the Switch receives per second on the ports.
This link takes you to a screen where you can enable the Defence Engine to prevent the CPU from being flooded with unknown unicast/multicast packets.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
43
Page 44
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 4 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
MONITORING
Logging This sub-menu takes you to screens where you can view and setup
system logs.
Logging Setting
Logging Viewing
Port Statistics This link takes you to a screen where you can view port statistics.
TOOLS
TFTP This link takes you to a screen where you can perform firmware and
Reset This link takes you to a screen where you can reset the switch to factory
Reboot This link takes you to a screen where you can reboot the switch.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure log settings.
This link takes you to a screen where you can view system logs.
configuration file maintenance.
default settings.
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator password. Click System > User Account to display the next screen.
Figure 16 Change Administrator Login Password

4.4 Saving Your Configuration

When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click the Apply button to save your changes to the Switch.

4.5 Switch Lockout

You could block yourself (and all others) from managing the Switch if you do one of the following:
44
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 45
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
1 Disable all ports.
2 Forget the password and/or IP address.
3 Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch.

4.6 Resetting the Switch

If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator password, you will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the Switch back to the factory defaults.

4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator

Click Logout in the navigation panel to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for security reasons.
Figure 17 Web Configurator: Logout
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
45
Page 46
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
46
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 47
CHAPTER 5

Initial Setup Example

5.1 Overview

This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network.
The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the Switch IP management address
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 18 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
47
Page 48
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Click Configuration > VLAN > Static VLAN in the navigation panel and the
following screen will display.
2 In the Static VLAN screen, enter 2 in the VLAN ID field and enter a descriptive
name in the VLAN Name field for the VLAN group.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the Switch, select Untagged
on port 1 to make it a permanent member of the VLAN2 group only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive
frames properly, make sure Untagged is selected as above so the Switch removes VLAN tags before sending.
5 Click Add / Modify to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the
run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
5.1.2 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
48
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 49
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 19 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Configuration >
VLAN > Port-based VLAN in the navigation
panel.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID
field for port 1 and click Apply to save your changes.

5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address

The default management IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.1. You can change it by following the example below.
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the Switch. Make sure your
computer is in the same subnet as the Switch.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
49
Page 50
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the
address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 39 for more information.
3 Click System> IP
Setting in the navigation
panel.
4 Configure the IP fields
and click Apply to save your changes to the switch.
50
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 51
CHAPTER 6

System

6.1 Overview

This chapter describes how to configure the Information, Time Setting, IP Setting, User Account and Port Setting screens.
The Information screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware version number). The Time Setting screen allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the Switch logs. The IP Setting screen allows you to configure a Switch IP address for management purposes. The User Account screen allows you to configure a login account for the web configurator. The Port Setting screen allows you to configure Switch port settings.

6.2 What You Can Do

•Use the Information screen (Section 6.3 on page 52) to check the firmware version number.
•Use the Time Setting screen (Section 6.4 on page 53) to configure the system time.
•Use the IP Setting screen (Section 6.5 on page 53) to configure the Switch IP address and default gateway.
•Use the User Account screen (Section 6.6 on page 54) to configure a login account for the web configurator.
•Use the Port Setting screen (Section 6.7 on page 55) to configure Switch port settings.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
51
Page 52
Chapter 6 System

6.3 Information

In the navigation panel, click System > Information to display the screen as shown.
Figure 20 System > Information
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 5 System > Information
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Type This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification
purposes.
MAC Address This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the
Switch.
IP Address This field displays the IP address of the Switch.
Netmask This field displays the IP subnet mask of the IP address.
Gateway This field displays the IP address of the gateway.
Firmware Version
Firmware Date
This field displays the version number of the Switch 's current firmware.
This field displays the date the Switch 's current firmware was created.
52
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 53

6.4 Time Setting

Use this screen to configure the time settings of the Switch. Click System > Time Setting in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Figure 21 System > Time Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 System > Time Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SNTP Select Enable to use Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) or Disable
to set the time manually.
Time Server IP Address
Time (hh:mm:ss)
Date (yyyy­mm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated,
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
If SNTP is enabled, enter the IP address of the time server you will use. Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch and to update the time.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format.
formerly known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 6 System

6.5 IP Setting Screen

Use the IP Setting screen to configure the Switch IP address and the default gateway device. The gateway field specifies the IP address of the gateway (next hop) for outgoing traffic.
The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. The factory default subnet mask is
255.255.255.0.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
53
Page 54
Chapter 6 System
Click System > IP Setting in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Figure 22 System > IP Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 System > IP Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mode Select Static IP from the drop-down box if you don’t have a DHCP server
or if you wish to assign static IP address information to the Switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you select this option.
Select DHCP option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the Switch an IP address, subnet mask and a gateway IP address automatically.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for
example 192.168.1.1.
Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for
example 255.255.255.0.
Gateway Enter the IP address of the gateway in dotted decimal notation.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.

6.6 User Account

Use the User Account screen to configure the web configurator login details. Click System > User Account in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Note: It is highly recommended that you change the default password (1234).
Figure 23 System > User Account
54
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 55
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System > User Account
LABEL DESCRIPTION
New Username Enter your new username.
New Password Enter your new system password.
Retype Password Retype your new system password for confirmation.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch.

6.7 Port Setting

Use this screen to configure Switch port settings. Click System > Port Setting in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Figure 24 System > Port Setting
Chapter 6 System
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 System > Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Select the port(s) from the list box that you will change the port settings
State Select Enable from the drop-down box to enable a port. The factory
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
for. Hold down [Shift] or [CTRL] to highlight more than one port from the list box.
default for all ports is enabled. A port must be enabled for data transmission to occur. Select Disable to not use a port.
55
Page 56
Chapter 6 System
Table 9 System > Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Speed/ Duplex
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows
Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port. Choices are Auto, 10M/Half, 10M/Full, 100M/Half, 100M/Full and 1000M/Full (Gigabit connections only).
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the Switch negotiates with the peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
buffer memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The Switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision" signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to enable it.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Port The Port column displays the port number.
State The State column indicates if the port is Enabled or Disabled.
Speed/Duplex
Config The Config column displays the port’s Speed/Duplex configuration.
Actual The Actual column displays the port’s current Speed/Duplex status.
Flow Control
Config The Config column displays if Flow Control has been configured to be
turned On or Off for the port.
Actual The Actual column displays the port’s current Flow Control status.
56
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 57
PART III

Configuration

Link Aggregation (59)
VLAN (67)
Spanning Tree Protocol (73)
QoS (79)
Mirroring (91)
SNMP (95)
Rate Limit (107)
Bandwidth Control and Jumbo Frame (111)
Power Over Ethernet (115)
57
Page 58
58
Page 59
CHAPTER 7

Link Aggregation

7.1 Overview

This chapter shows you how to logically aggregate physical links to form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link. However, the more ports you aggregate then the fewer available ports you have. A trunk group is one logical link containing multiple ports.
The beginning port of each trunk group must be physically connected to form a trunk group.

7.2 What You Can Do

•Use the Trunk Group Setting screen (Section 7.4 on page 60) to assign ports to be part of a trunk group.
•Use the Trunk Distribution Algorithm screen (Section 7.5 on page 62) to configure the trunk distribution algorithm for the trunk groups.
•Use the LACP Setting screen (Section 7.6 on page 63) to enable Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP).

7.3 What You Need to Know

The Switch supports both static and dynamic link aggregation.
Note: In a properly planned network, it is recommended to implement static link
aggregation only. This ensures increased network stability and control over the trunk groups on your Switch.
See Section 7.7.1 on page 64 for a static port trunking example.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
59
Page 60
Chapter 7 Link Aggregation
7.3.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation
The Switch adheres to the IEEE 802.3ad standard for static and dynamic (LACP) port trunking.
The IEEE 802.3ad standard describes the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) for dynamically creating and managing trunk groups.
When you enable LACP link aggregation on a port, the port can automatically negotiate with the ports at the remote end of a link to establish trunk groups. LACP also allows port redundancy, that is, if an operational port fails, then one of the “standby” ports become operational without user intervention. Please note that:
• You must connect all ports point-to-point to the same Ethernet switch and configure the ports for LACP trunking.
• LACP only works on full-duplex links.
• All ports in the same trunk group must have the same media type, speed, duplex mode and flow control settings.
Configure trunk groups or LACP before you connect the Ethernet switch to avoid causing network topology loops.

7.4 Trunk Group Setting

Click Configuration > Link Aggregation > Trunk Group Setting in the navigation panel to view the screen as shown.
Figure 25 Configuration > Link Aggregation > Trunk Group Setting
60
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 61
Chapter 7 Link Aggregation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Configuration > Link Aggregation > Trunk Group Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Group ID Select the group ID This field displays the group ID to identify a trunk
group, that is, one logical link containing multiple ports.
Type Sele c t Static if the ports are to be configured as static members of a trunk
group.
Select LACP if the ports are to be configured to join a trunk group via LACP.
Ports Select the ports to be added to the trunk group.
LACP Active Select the LACP active ports to be added to the trunk group. This field is
active when LACP is selected as the Type.
Add / Modify Click Add / Modify to save your changes to the Switch.
Group ID This field displays the group ID to identify a trunk group, that is, one
logical link containing multiple ports.
Type This field displays Static if the ports are configured as static members of
the trunk group.
This field displays LACP if the ports are configured to be part of the trunk group via LACP.
Ports This field displays the ports that are part of the trunk group.
LACP Active/ Passive
Select Select the check box for a trunk group setting and click Delete to remove
Delete Click Delete to remove any selected trunk groups.
Select All Click Select All to select all trunk group settings.
The first number in this field displays the number of ports that have LACP activated. The second number displays the number of ports that do not have LACP activated.
all settings from the selected trunk group.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
61
Page 62
Chapter 7 Link Aggregation

7.5 Trunk Distribution Algorithm

Click Configuration > Link Aggregation > Trunk Distribution Algorithm to display the screen shown next. See Section 7.1 on page 59 for more information on link aggregation.
Figure 26 Configuration > Link Aggregation > Trunk Distribution Algorithm Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Configuration > Link Aggregation > Trunk Distribution Algorithm Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Group ID Select the link aggregation group for which the Distribution Algorithm
Parameters will be changed.
Distribution Algorithm Parameters
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Select the outgoing traffic distribution type. Packets from the same source and/or to the same destination are sent over the same link within the trunk. By default, the Switch uses the Source MAC distribution type. If the Switch is behind a router, the packet’s destination or source MAC address will be changed. In this case, set the Switch to distribute traffic based on its IP address to make sure port trunking can work properly.
Select Source Port to distribute traffic based on the packet’s source port.
Select Source MAC to distribute traffic based on the packet’s source MAC address.
Select Destination MAC to distribute traffic based on the packet’s destination MAC address.
Select Source IP to distribute traffic based on the packet’s source IP address.
Select Destination IP to distribute traffic based on the packet’s destination IP address.
62
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 63
Table 11 Configuration > Link Aggregation > Trunk Distribution Algorithm Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Group ID This field displays all the trunk groups.
Distribution Algorithm Parameters
This field displays which Distribution Algorithm Parameters are active for each trunk group.
SPA represents Source Port. SMAC represents Source MAC. DMAC represents Destination MAC. SIP represents Source IP. DIP represents Destination IP.

7.6 LACP Setting

Click Configuration > Link Aggregation > LACP Setting to display the screen shown next. See Section 7.3.1 on page 60 for more information on dynamic link aggregation.
Chapter 7 Link Aggregation
Figure 27 Configuration > Link Aggregation > LACP Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Configuration > Link Aggregation > LACP Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LACP Status Select Enable from the drop down box to enable Link Aggregation Control
Note: Do not configure this screen unless you want to enable
dynamic link aggregation.
Protocol (LACP). Select Disable to not use LACP.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
63
Page 64
Chapter 7 Link Aggregation
Table 12 Configuration > Link Aggregation > LACP Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Priority
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Port This field displays the port number.
LACP This field displays if the port has LACP enabled.
Group ID The field identifies the link aggregation group, that is, one logical link
LACP system priority is a number between 1 and 65,535. The switch with the lowest system priority (and lowest port number if system priority is the same) becomes the LACP “server”. The LACP “server” controls the operation of LACP setup. Enter a number to set the priority of an active port using Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The smaller the number, the higher the priority level.
containing multiple ports.

7.7 Technical Reference

This section provides technical background information on the topics discussed in this chapter.
7.7.1 Static Trunking Example
This example shows you how to create a static port trunk group for ports 2-5.
1 Make your physical connections - make sure that the ports that you want to
belong to the trunk group are connected to the same destination. The following figure shows ports 2-5 on switch A connected to switch B.
Figure 28 Trunking Example - Physical Connections
64
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 65
Chapter 7 Link Aggregation
2 Adding ports to the trunk group - Click Configuration > Link Aggregation >
Trunk Group Setting. In this screen select trunk Group ID Trunk1, select the
type Static and then highlight ports 2 to 5. To highlight multiple ports hold down [CTRL] while clicking on the ports. Click Add / Modify when you are done.
Figure 29 Trunking Example - Configuration Screen
3 Configuring trunk distribution algorithm - Click Configuration > Link
Aggregation > Trunk Distribution Algorithm Setting. In this screen select trunk Group ID Trunk1 and then select the traffic distribution algorithm used by this group. Click Apply when you are done
Figure 30 Trunking Example - Configuration Screen 2
Your trunk group 1 (T1) configuration is now complete.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
65
Page 66
Chapter 7 Link Aggregation
66
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 67
CHAPTER 8

VLAN

8.1 Overview

This chapter shows you how to configure static, port-based VLANs.

8.2 What You Can Do

•Use the Static VLAN screen (Section 8.4 on page 70) to configure the static VLAN settings on a port.
•Use the Port-Based VLAN screen (Section 8.5 on page 71) to configure the port VLAN ID (PVID) for a port.

8.3 What You Need to Know

Read this section to know more about VLAN and how to configure the screens.
8.3.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
67
Page 68
Chapter 8 VLAN
frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.3.2 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the Switch first decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
8.3.3 Common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology
Please refer to the following table.
68
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
VLAN Administrative Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all
TERM DESCRIPTION
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN
members.
Registration Forbidden
Normal Registration
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the specified VLAN.
Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
outgoing frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 69
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)
VLAN PARAMETER
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames
8.3.4 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
Chapter 8 VLAN
TERM DESCRIPTION
that this port received.
Acceptable Frame Type
Ingress filtering If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just untagged incoming frames on a port.
VLANs that do not have this port as a member
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the specified VID.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
69
Page 70
Chapter 8 VLAN

8.4 Static VLAN

Use this screen to configure and view static VLAN parameters for the Switch. To access this screen click Configuration > VLAN > Static VLAN.
Figure 31 Configuration > VLAN > Static VLAN
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 14 Configuration > VLAN > Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and
4094.
VLAN Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.
This name consists of up to 16 printable characters.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
Select All Use this only if you want to make a row have the same settings for all
ports.
Untagged Select Untagged to make the port a permanent member of this VLAN
group. All outgoing frames will be transmitted without a VLAN Group ID tag.
Tag ge d S el ec t Tagged to make the port a permanent member of this VLAN
group. All outgoing frames will be transmitted with the VLAN Group ID tag.
Not Member Select Not Member to prohibit the port from joining the VLAN group.
Add / Modify Click Add / Modify to save your changes to the Switch.
VLAN ID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to
edit the VLAN settings.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Member Ports This field displays the ports that are a member of the VLAN group.
70
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 71
Table 14 Configuration > VLAN > Static VLAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Tagged Ports This field displays all the ports that will transmit outgoing frames with a
VLAN group ID tag.
Untagged Ports
Delete Select the check box and click Delete to remove the VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
This field displays all the ports that will transmit outgoing frames without a VLAN group ID tag.

8.5 Port-based VLAN

Use the Port-based VLAN screen to configure the port VLAN ID (PVID). To access this screen click Configuration > VLAN > Port-based VLAN.
A PVID (Port VLAN ID) is a tag that adds to incoming untagged frames received on a port so that the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 32 Configuration > VLAN > Port-based VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Configuration > VLAN > Port-based VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Select the ports to change the PVID for.
PVID Enter a number between 1 and 4094 as the port VLAN ID (PVID).
Port This field displays the port number.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
71
Page 72
Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 15 Configuration > VLAN > Port-based VLAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This field displays the port number.
PVID This field displays the port’s port VLAN ID (PVID).
72
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 73
CHAPTER 9

Spanning Tree Protocol

9.1 Overview

The Switch supports Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as defined in the following standards.
• IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol
• IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

9.2 What You Can Do

•Use the STP Global Setting screen (Section 9.4 on page 75) to configure global
spanning tree settings for the switch.
•Use the STP Port Setting screen (Section 9.5 on page 77) to configure individual
port spanning tree settings.

9.3 What You Need to Know

(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches, bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP ­compliant switches in your network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
The Switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allows faster convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STP-only aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.
Note: In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
73
Page 74
Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol
9.3.1 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree.
Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. The recommended cost is assigned according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher the cost.
On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root. It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree network.
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
9.3.2 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports, eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to re-establish a valid network topology.
9.3.3 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.
74
Table 16 STP Port States
PORT STATE
Disabled STP is disabled (default).
Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
DESCRIPTION
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 75
Table 16 STP Port States
PORT STATE
Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.
DESCRIPTION
Note: The listening state does not exist in RSTP.
Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to
the learning process but not forwarded.
Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received
and forwarded.

9.4 STP Global Setting

Use the SPT Global Setting screen to activate one of the STP modes on the Switch. Click Configuration > Spanning Tree > STP Global Setting.
Figure 33 Configuration > Spanning Tree > STP Global Setting
Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Configuration > Spanning Tree > STP Global Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Spanning Tree Status
Force Version Select to use either Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) or Rapid Spanning
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Select Enabled to use Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) or Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP).
Select Disable to not use STP or RSTP.
Tree Protocol (RSTP). See Section 9.1 on page 73 for background information on STP.
75
Page 76
Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol
Table 17 Configuration > Spanning Tree > STP Global Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Priority Priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated
port. The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC address will then become the root switch. Select a value from 0~61440 from the drop-down list box.
The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.
Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines the Root Hello Time, Root Maximum Age and Root Forwarding Delay.
Maximum Age This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch can wait without
receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. All Switch ports (except for designated ports) should receive BPDUs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information (provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the Switch ports attached to the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.
Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data
Units) configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10 seconds.
Forwarding Delay
This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch will wait before changing states. This delay is required because every switch must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30 seconds.
As a general rule:
Note: 2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)
Root priority Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). This
field displays the root bridge’s priority. This Switch may also be the root bridge.
Root MAC Address
Root Path Cost This is the path cost from the root port on this Switch to the root switch.
Root Port This is the number of the port on the Switch through which this Switch
Root Maximum Age
Root Hello Time This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits
Root Forward Delay
Topology Changes
This is the MAC address of the root bridge.
must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.
This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
a configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and Forwarding Delay.
This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states.
This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.
76
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 77
Table 17 Configuration > Spanning Tree > STP Global Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Last Topology Change Time
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.

9.5 STP Port Setting

Click Configuration > Spanning Tree Protocol > STP Port Setting to access the screen as shown.
Figure 34 Configuration > Spanning Tree Protocol > STP Port Setting
Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Configuration > Spanning Tree Protocol > STP Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Select the port(s) to change spanning tree protocol settings for.
Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that
Priority Configure the priority for the port here.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
port. It is recommended to assign this value according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher the cost.
Type a number from 0 to 200000000. Entering 0 means the Switch will automatically assign a value.
Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The allowed range is between 0 and 240 and the default value is 128.
77
Page 78
Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol
Table 18 Configuration > Spanning Tree Protocol > STP Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
P2P Select True when the port is connected to one bridge as a Point-to-
Point link type.
Select False when the port is connected to multiple bridges as a Shared Medium link type.
Select Auto to have the Switch automatically determine the link type.
Edge Select True when the port is connected to an end node (a computer
network card for example).
Select False when the port is connected to a bridge node.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Port This field displays the port number.
State This field displays the port states. See Section 9.3.3 on page 74.
Role This field displays the role of the port in the network topology.
Path Cost Config displays the Path Cost setting you have configured for the port.
Actual displays the Path Cost setting currently in use.
Priority This field displays the port’s priority.
P2P Config displays the P2P setting you have configured for the port.
Actual displays the P2P setting currently in use.
Edge Config displays the Edge setting you have configured for the port.
Actual displays the Edge setting currently in use.
78
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 79
CHAPTER 10
QoS
This chapter introduces the quality of service (QoS) parameters you can configure on the Switch.

10.1 Overview

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on­demand.
It can be used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority.
You can configure the Switch to prioritize traffic even if the incoming packets are not marked with IEEE 802.1p priority tags or change the existing priority tags based on the criteria you select.
It also uses queuing algorithms to allow switches to maintain separate queues for packets from each individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.

10.2 What You Can Do

Use the Port-based Priority screen (Section 10.4 on page 81) to assign a IEEE
802.1p priority to packets based on the ingress (incoming) port of the packet.
Use the DSCP-based Priority screen (Section 10.5 on page 82) to assign priority to packets based on their Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCPs).
Use the Policy-based Priority screens (Section 10.6 on page 83) to classify and prioritize certain traffic flows.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
79
Page 80
Chapter 10 QoS
Use the Priority to Queue Mapping screen (Section 10.7 on page 86) to configure the priority level-to-physical queue mapping.
Use the Packet Scheduling screen (Section 10.8 on page 87) to set priorities for the Switch queues. This can help distribute bandwidth across the different traffic queues.

10.3 What You Need to Know

Read on for concepts on QoS that can help you configure the screens in this chapter.
10.3.1 DiffServ
DiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.
10.3.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (ToS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels and the remaining 2 bits are defined as currently unused (CU). The following figure illustrates the DS field.
Figure 35 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field
DSCP (6 bits) CU (2 bits)
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.
The DSCP value determines the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets as it is forwarded across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule different kinds of traffic can be marked for different priorities of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.
80
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 81
10.3.3 DiffServ Network Example
The following figure depicts a DiffServ network consisting of a group of directly connected DiffServ-compliant network devices. The boundary node (A in Figure
36) in a DiffServ network classifies (marks with a DSCP value) the incoming
packets into different traffic flows (Platinum, Gold, Silver, Bronze) based on the configured marking rules. A network administrator can then apply various traffic policies to the traffic flows. An example traffic policy, is to give higher drop precedence to one traffic flow over others. In our example, packets in the Bronze traffic flow are more likely to be dropped when congestion occurs than the packets in the Platinum traffic flow as they move across the DiffServ network.
Figure 36 DiffServ Network
Chapter 10 QoS

10.4 Port-based Priority

You can configure the Switch to assign a IEEE 802.1p priority to packets based on the ingress (incoming) port of the packet.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
81
Page 82
Chapter 10 QoS
Click Configuration > QoS > Port-based Priority in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Figure 37 Configuration > QoS > Port-based Priority
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Configuration > QoS > Port-based Priority
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Select the number of the port for which you want to assign IEEE 802.1p
priority to incoming frames.
Priority Select the IEEE 802.1p priority you want to assign to the packets coming
into the Switch on the ports specified in the Port field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Port This field displays the port number.
Priority This field indicates what IEEE 802.1p priority is assigned to the incoming
packets from the port.

10.5 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings

You can configure the DSCP to IEEE 802.1p mapping to allow the Switch to prioritize all traffic based on the incoming DSCP value according to the DiffServ to IEEE 802.1p mapping table.
82
The following table shows the default DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mapping.
Table 20 Default DSCP-IEEE 802.1p Mapping
DSCP VALUE 0 – 7 8 – 15 16 – 23 24 – 31 32 – 39 40 – 47 48 – 55 56 – 63
IEEE 802.1p01234567
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 83
10.5.1 DSCP-based Priority
You can configure the Switch to assign a IEEE 802.1p priority to packets coming into the Switch with DSCPs assigned to them. Click Configuration > QoS > DSCP-based Priority to display the screen as shown next.
Figure 38 Configuration > QoS > DSCP-based Priority
Chapter 10 QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Configuration > QoS > DSCP-based Priority
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DSCP Select the DSCP classification identification number(s).
Priority To set the IEEE 802.1p priority mapping, select the priority level from the drop-
down list box.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
DSCP This field displays the DSCP classification identification numbers.
Priority This field displays the DSCP classification identification number’s IEEE 802.1p
priority.

10.6 Policy-based Priority

Use these screens to classify and prioritize application traffic flows to fine-tune network performance.
A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming port number. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
83
Page 84
Chapter 10 QoS
Click Configuration > QoS > Policy-based Priority to display the screen as shown next.
Note: Policy-based priority has a higher priority over both port-based and DSCP-
Note: When two policy-based rules conflict with each other, a higher layer rule has
Figure 39 Configuration > QoS > Policy-based Priority
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Configuration > QoS > Policy-based Priority
LABEL DESCRIPTION
No. This field displays the index number of the policy.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for the policy. This is for identification
Modify Click the Modify button to edit the policy.
Delete Select the checkbox for the policy you want to delete.
Add Click Add to configure a new policy-based priority rule.
Select All
Delete Click Delete to remove any selected entries from the table.
based priority.
priority over lower layer rule.
purpose only.
Click Select All to select all the entries in the table.
84
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 85
10.6.1 Policy-based Priority - Add/Modify
Click Configuration > QoS > Policy-based Priority > Add or Modify to display the screen as shown next.
Figure 40 Configuration > QoS > Policy-based Priority - Add/Modify
Chapter 10 QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Configuration > QoS > Policy-based Priority
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name Type a descriptive name for the policy. This is for identification purpose
only.
Destination MAC Address
Mask Enter the mask of the Destination MAC Address.
Source MAC Address
Mask Enter the mask of the Source MAC Address.
Destination IP Address
Mask Enter the subnet mask of the Destination IP Address.
Source IP Address
Mask Enter the subnet mask of the Source IP Address.
VLAN ID Type the VLAN ID for which this rule will apply. Specify 0 to ignore this field.
TCP/UDP Destination Port
TCP/UDP Source Port
Ether Type Specify an Ethernet type in hexadecimal value.
To specify a destination, type a MAC address in valid MAC address format (six hexadecimal character pairs).
To specify a source, type a MAC address in valid MAC address format (six hexadecimal character pairs).
Enter a destination IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Enter a source IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Type the destination port number to which the rule should be applied. Type 0 to ignore this field. See Appendix B on page 171 for a list of common services.
Type the source port number to which the rule should be applied. Type 0 to ignore this field. See Appendix B on page 171 for a list of common services.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
85
Page 86
Chapter 10 QoS
Table 23 Configuration > QoS > Policy-based Priority (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Source Port Specify a source port, if any.
Priority Specify a priority for this traffic flow.
Add Click Add to save the policy-based priority rule to the Switch.

10.7 Priority to Queue Mapping

IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default priority of the ingress port. Use the next screen to configure the priority level-to-physical queue mapping.
The Switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the Switch, traffic assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Click Configuration > QoS > Priority to Queue Mapping to display the screen as shown next.
Figure 41 Configuration > QoS > Priority to Queue Mapping
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
86
Table 24 Configuration > QoS > Priority to Queue Mapping
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Priority Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types
defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 87
Chapter 10 QoS
Table 24 Configuration > QoS > Priority to Queue Mapping (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk
transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would
include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA
(Systems Network Architecture) transactions.
5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to
jitter.
6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is
the variations in delay).
7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration
messages.
Queue ID Select the Queue ID for which the Priority should be applied.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Priority This field displays the priority for each Queue ID.
Queue ID This field displays the Queue ID.

10.8 Packet Scheduling

Packet Scheduling is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion. Use this screen to configure queuing algorithms for outgoing traffic. See also Priority to Queue Mapping (Chapter 10 on page 86) for related information.
10.8.1 Strictly Priority Queuing
Strictly Priority Queuing (SPQ) services queues based on priority only. As traffic comes into the Switch, traffic on the highest priority queue, Q7 is transmitted first. When that queue empties, traffic on the next highest-priority queue, Q6 is transmitted until Q6 empties, and then traffic is transmitted on Q5 and so on. If higher priority queues never empty, then traffic on lower priority queues never gets sent. SP does not automatically adapt to changing network requirements.
10.8.2 Weighted Fair Queuing
Weighted Fair Queuing is used to guarantee each queue's minimum bandwidth based on its bandwidth weight (portion) (the number you configure in the Weight field) when there is traffic congestion. WFQ is activated only when a port has more
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
87
Page 88
Chapter 10 QoS
traffic than it can handle. Queues with larger weights get more guaranteed bandwidth than queues with smaller weights. This queuing mechanism is highly efficient in that it divides any available bandwidth across the different traffic queues. By default, the weight for Q0 is 1, for Q1 is 2, for Q2 is 3, and so on. Guaranteed quantum is calculated as Queue Weight x 2048 bytes.
10.8.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR)
Round Robin Scheduling services queues on a rotating basis and is activated only when a port has more traffic than it can handle. A queue is a given an amount of bandwidth irrespective of the incoming traffic on that port. This queue then moves to the back of the list. The next queue is given an equal amount of bandwidth, and then moves to the end of the list; and so on, depending on the number of queues being used. This works in a looping fashion until a queue is empty.
Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) uses the same algorithm as round robin scheduling, but services queues based on their priority and queue weight (the number you configure in the queue Weight field) rather than a fixed amount of bandwidth. WRR is activated only when a port has more traffic than it can handle. Queues with larger weights get more service than queues with smaller weights. This queuing mechanism is highly efficient in that it divides any available bandwidth across the different traffic queues and returns to queues that have not yet emptied.
Click Configuration > QoS > Packet Scheduling to display the screen as shown next.
Figure 42 Configuration > QoS > Packet Scheduling
88
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 89
Chapter 10 QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Configuration > QoS > Packet Scheduling
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Scheduling Algorithm
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Queue ID Select the Queue ID to change the weight for.
Weight Select Strict Priority or a weight of between 1 to 15. Bandwidth is divided
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Queue ID This field displays the Queue ID.
Scheduling Algorithm
Weight This field displays the weight of the queue.
Select Weight-fair-queue (Weighted Fair Queuing) or Weight-round- robin (Weighted Round Robin).
Weighted Fair Queuing is used to guarantee each queue's minimum bandwidth based on their bandwidth portion (weight) (the number you configure in the Weight field). Queues with larger weights get more guaranteed bandwidth than queues with smaller weights.
Weighted Round Robin Scheduling services queues on a rotating basis based on their queue weight (the number you configure in the queue Weight field). Queues with larger weights get more service than queues with smaller weights.
across the different traffic queues according to their weights.
Strictly Priority Queuing services queues based on priority only. When the highest priority queue empties, traffic on the next highest-priority queue begins. Q7 has the highest priority and Q0 the lowest.
This field displays the scheduling algorithm for the queue.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
89
Page 90
Chapter 10 QoS
90
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 91
CHAPTER 11

Mirroring

11.1 Overview

This chapter discusses port-based and policy-based mirroring setup screens.
Port-based mirroring allows you to copy a traffic flow to a monitor port (the port you copy the traffic to) in order that you can examine the traffic from the monitor port without interference.
Policy-based mirroring allows you to copy a specfic ingress traffic flow to a monitor port.

11.2 What You Can Do

Use the Port-based Mirroring screen (Section 11.3 on page 92) to select a monitor port and specify the traffic flow to be copied to the monitor port.
Use the Policy-based Mirroring screens (Section 11.4 on page 93) to classify an ingress traffic flow for mirroring.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
91
Page 92
Chapter 11 Mirroring

11.3 Port-based Mirroring

Click Configuration > Mirroring > Port-based Mirroring in the navigation panel to display the following screen. Use this screen to select a monitor port and specify the traffic flow to be copied to the monitor port.
Figure 43 Configuration > Mirroring > Port-based MIrroring
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Configuration > Mirroring > Port-based Mirroring
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mirror Set Index
Mirror Direction
Mirroring Port
Mirrored Port List
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch.
Mirror Set Index
Mirror Direction
Mirroring Port
Mirrored Port List
Specify the Mirror Set Index number from 1 or 2. The Switch can have two mirroring ports set up at the same time.
Specify the direction of the traffic to mirror by selecting from the drop-down list box. Choices are TX (egress - outgoing) or RX (ingress - incoming).
The mirroring port is the port you copy the traffic to in order to examine it in more detail without interfering with the traffic flow on the original port(s). Enter the port number of the mirroring port.
Select the ports or trunks to be monitored by the mirroring port.
This field displays the Mirror Set Index number.
This field displays the direction of the traffic that is being monitored. This will be either Tx (egress - outgoing) or Rx (ingress - incoming).
This field displays the mirroring port. The mirroring port is the port the Switch copies the traffic to in order to examine it in more detail without interfering with the traffic flow on the original port(s).
This field displays the ports or trunks that are being monitored by the mirroring port.
92
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 93
Table 26 Configuration > Mirroring > Port-based Mirroring (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Select Select the checkbox for the Mirror Set Index you want to remove the settings
for.
Delete Click Delete to remove the settings from any selected Mirror Set Index.

11.4 Policy-based Mirroring

Click Configuration > Mirroring > Policy-based Mirroring in the navigation panel to display the following screen. Use this screen to see a summary of all the policy-based mirroring entries.
Figure 44 Configuration > Mirroring > Policy-based MIrroring
Chapter 11 Mirroring
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27 Configuration > Mirroring > Policy-based Mirroring
LABEL DESCRIPTION
No. This field displays the index number of the policy-based mirroring entries.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for the policy.
Modify Click the Modify button to edit the policy.
Delete Select the policy you want to delete.
Add Click Add to create a new policy.
Select All Click Select All to select all policies in the table.
Delete Click Delete to remove any selected policies.
11.4.1 Policy-based Mirroring - Add/Modify
Click Configuration > Mirroring > Policy-based Mirroring > Add or Modify in the navigation panel to display the following screen. Use this screen to classify a traffic flow and configure that flow for monitoring.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
93
Page 94
Chapter 11 Mirroring
Note: Before configuring a policy-based mirroring rule, you must first assign one of
the mirror sets to a mirroring port on the port-based mirroring screen. See
Section 11.3 on page 92 for more details.
Figure 45 Configuration > Mirroring > Policy-based MIrroring > Add/Modify
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 28 Configuration > Mirroring > Policy-based MIrroring > Add/Modify
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name Enter a descriptive name for the policy.
Destination IP Address
Mask Enter the subnet mask of the Destination IP Address.
Source IP Address
Mask Enter the subnet mask of the Source IP Address.
TCP/UDP Destination Port
TCP/UDP Source Port
Mirror Set Select the mirror set index number 1 or 2. This is used in conjunction with
Enter a destination IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Enter a source IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Type the source port number to which the policy should be applied. Type 0 to ignore this field. See Appendix B on page 171 for a list of common services.
Type the destination port number to which the rule should be applied. Type 0 to ignore this field. See Appendix B on page 171 for a list of common services.
the port-based mirroring screen. For example, if mirror set 1 is using port 5 as a mirroring port then port 5 will be the mirroring port for this policy if mirror set 1 is selected on this screen.
94
You cannot use this field if you have not assigned a mirroring port to a mirror set index on the port-based mirroring screen.
Add Click Add to save the policy to the Switch.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 95
CHAPTER 12

SNMP

12.1 Overview

This chapter describes how to configure the SNMP options of the Switch.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol used to manage and monitor TCP/IP-based devices.
SNMP v3 enhances security for SNMP management. SNMP managers can be required to authenticate with agents before conducting SNMP management sessions.

12.2 What You Can Do

•Use the SNMP Setting screen (Section 12.4 on page 97) to configure your SNMP settings.
•Use the SNMPv3 screen (Section 12.5 on page 99) to configure your SNMPv3 settings.

12.3 What You Need to Know

12.3.1 About SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol used to manage and monitor TCP/IP-based devices. SNMP is used to exchange management information between the network management system (NMS) and a network element (NE). A manager station can manage and monitor the Switch through the network via SNMP version one (SNMPv1), SNMP version 2c or SNMP
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
95
Page 96
Chapter 12 SNMP
version 3. The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation. SNMP is only available if TCP/IP is configured.
Figure 46 SNMP Management Model
An SNMP managed network consists of two main components: agents and a manager.
An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed switch (the Switch). An agent translates the local management information from the managed switch into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices.
The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of information to be collected about a switch. Examples of variables include number of packets received, node port status and so on. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects.
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations:
Table 29 SNMP Commands
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
Get Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.
GetNext Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list
within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.
Set Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.
Trap Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.
96
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 97
SNMP v3 and Security
SNMP v3 enhances security for SNMP management. SNMP managers can be required to authenticate with agents before conducting SNMP management sessions.
Security can be further enhanced by encrypting the SNMP messages sent from the managers. Encryption protects the contents of the SNMP messages. When the contents of the SNMP messages are encrypted, only the intended recipients can read them.

12.4 SNMP Setting

Use this screen to configure your SNMP settings.
Click Configuration > SNMP > SNMP Setting in the navigation panel to display the main screen as shown.
Chapter 12 SNMP
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
97
Page 98
Chapter 12 SNMP
Note: A total of 8 community strings can be set.
Figure 47 Configuration > SNMP > SNMP Setting
98
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Configuration > SNMP > SNMP Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SNMP Setting
SNMP Status Select Enabled to activate SNMP on the Switch.
Select Disabled to not use SNMP on the Switch.
System Name Type a System Name for the Switch.
System Location
System Contact Type a System Contact for the Switch.
Type a System Location for the Switch.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Page 99
Chapter 12 SNMP
Table 30 Configuration > SNMP > SNMP Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Engine ID The SNMP Engine ID is a unique identifier that identifies agents to the
managers.
The default SNMP Engine ID is the MAC address of the agent.
The format is limited to hexadecimal characters (0~9 and a~f).
Apply Click Apply to save any changes to the Switch.
Community Strings Setting
String Enter a Community string, this will act as a password for requests from
the management station.
Type Sel e c t read-only to allow the SNMP manager using this string to collect
information from the Switch.
Select read-write to allow the SNMP manager using this string to create or edit MIBs (configure settings on the Switch).
Apply Click Apply to save any changes to the Switch.
String This field displays the community strings.
Type This field displays the community string’s type. This will either be read-
only or read-write.
Select Select the checkbox for the string you want to delete.
Delete Click Delete to remove any selected community strings.
Trap Receivers Setting
IP Address Enter the IP addresses of up to four managers to send your SNMP traps
to.
Community String
Apply Click Apply to save any changes to the Switch.
IP Address This field displays the IP address where the traps from the Switch are
Community String
Select Select the checkbox for the trap receiver entry you want to delete.
Delete Click Delete to remove any selected trap receiver entries.
Enter a Community string, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP manager.
sent.
This field displays the password which is sent with each trap to the SNMP manager.

12.5 SNMPv3 Setting

SNMP v3 adds the concept of groups and users to enhance security for SNMP management. A user is an SNMP manager. A group is a group of SNMP managers that are assigned common access rights to MIBs. For example, one group of managers may only have access to agents with MIB II - System Group MIBs while another may have access to agents with the Ether-like MIB. Use this screen to configure your SNMPv3 settings.
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
99
Page 100
Chapter 12 SNMP
Note: SNMP v3 is enabled when you create SNMP groups and users. Once SNMP v3
is enabled, you must configure unique SNMP communities for SNMP v1 and/or SNMP v2c access.
100
GS1500-24P User’s Guide
Loading...
Buy Points How it Works FAQ Contact Us Questions and Suggestions Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Terms of Use