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ES-4124
Intelligent Layer 3+ Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.8
4/2007
Edition 1
DEFAULT LOGIN
IP Address http://192.168.1.1
User Name admin
Password 1234
www.zyxel.com
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About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ES-4124 using the web
configurator or via commands. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide contains information on setting up your hardware.
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.
• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
for additional support documentation and product
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Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The ES-4124 may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the “system” or the
“product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
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Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an
exact representation of your device.
The Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
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Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with same type and rating of
fuse.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right
supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
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This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
Safety Warnings
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Safety Warnings
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Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction ............................................................................................................................35
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 37
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 41
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 45
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................51
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 53
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 63
System Status and Port Statistics ..............................................................................................69
Basic Setting ............................................................................................................................. 75
Advanced Setup .....................................................................................................................87
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 89
Static MAC Forward Setup ...................................................................................................... 105
Filtering .................................................................................................................................... 107
Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................................................................... 109
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................................... 129
Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................................................... 131
Mirroring .................................................................................................................................. 133
Link Aggregation ...................................................................................................................... 135
Port Authentication .................................................................................................................. 143
Port Security ............................................................................................................................ 149
Classifier .................................................................................................................................. 153
Policy Rule .............................................................................................................................. 159
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 165
VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................................................... 169
Multicast .................................................................................................................................. 175
Authentication & Accounting ....................................................................................................189
IP Source Guard ...................................................................................................................... 203
Loop Guard .............................................................................................................................. 223
IP Application ....................................................................................................................... 227
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 229
RIP .......................................................................................................................................... 231
OSPF ....................................................................................................................................... 233
IGMP ....................................................................................................................................... 245
DVMRP .................................................................................................................................... 249
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Contents Overview
IP Multicast .............................................................................................................................. 253
Differentiated Services ............................................................................................................. 255
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 263
VRRP ....................................................................................................................................... 271
Management ......................................................................................................................... 281
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 283
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 289
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 307
Syslog ...................................................................................................................................... 309
Cluster Management ............................................................................................................... 313
MAC Table ............................................................................................................................... 319
IP Table .................................................................................................................................... 321
ARP Table ................................................................................................................................ 323
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................... 325
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 327
Commands and Troubleshooting .......................................................................................329
Introducing Commands ..........................................................................................................331
User and Enable Mode Commands ........................................................................................ 385
Configuration Mode Commands .............................................................................................. 391
Interface Commands ............................................................................................................... 403
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ................................................................................. 413
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands ................................................................................ 421
Routing Domain Command Examples .................................................................................... 423
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 425
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 433
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 25
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................31
Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 35
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................37
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 37
1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................. 37
1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 38
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example ....................................................................... 38
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................ 39
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch ................................................................................................ 39
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch ................................................................................. 40
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................41
2.1 Freestanding Installation ..................................................................................................... 41
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 42
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 42
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 42
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 43
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................................. 45
3.1 Panel Connections ............................................................................................................. 45
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................................. 46
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ............................................................................................................ 46
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3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots .........................................................................................................46
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................... 48
3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 48
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ................................................................ 49
3.3 LEDs ................................................................................................................................ 49
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 51
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................53
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 53
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................................... 53
4.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 54
4.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 59
4.4 Saving Your Configuration ................................................................................................... 59
4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................. 59
4.6 Resetting the Switch ......................................................................................................... 60
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File ................................................................................... 60
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................................. 61
4.8 Help ................................................................................................................................... 61
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................63
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 63
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ........................................................................................ 63
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings ............................................................................ 64
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 65
5.1.4 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................66
5.1.5 Enabling RIP .............................................................................................................. 67
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics.........................................................................................69
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 69
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................................... 69
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................70
Chapter 7
Basic Setting .......................................................................................................................... 75
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 75
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................................... 75
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................................. 77
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7.4 Introduction to VLANs ........................................................................................................ 79
7.5 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................................ 79
7.6 IP Setup ............................................................................................................................ 81
7.6.1 IP Interfaces .............................................................................................................. 81
7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................................... 83
Part III: Advanced Setup........................................................................ 87
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 89
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................................. 89
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 89
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ............................................................................................ 90
8.2.1 GARP ......................................................................................................................... 90
8.2.2 GVRP ......................................................................................................................... 90
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ........................................................................................................... 91
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ........................................................................................................ 91
8.5 Static VLAN ......................................................................................................................... 91
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status .................................................................................................... 92
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................................... 92
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................................ 93
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................................ 94
8.6 Subnet Based VLANs ......................................................................................................... 96
8.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN ...................................................................................... 97
8.8 Protocol Based VLANs ....................................................................................................... 98
8.9 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN .................................................................................... 99
8.10 Create an IP-based VLAN Example ................................................................................ 100
8.11 Port-based VLAN Setup .............................................................................................. 101
8.11.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ............................................................................... 102
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup................................................................................................... 105
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 105
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................................. 105
Chapter 10
Filtering..................................................................................................................................107
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule .............................................................................................107
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol........................................................................................................109
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11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ..................................................................................................... 109
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................................... 109
11.1.2 How STP Works .....................................................................................................110
11.1.3 STP Port States ...................................................................................................... 111
11.1.4 Multiple RSTP .......................................................................................................111
11.1.5 Multiple STP ............................................................................................................112
11.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen .............................................................................114
11.3 Spanning Tree Configuration ...........................................................................................115
11.4 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................116
11.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .........................................................................118
11.6 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .........................................................119
11.7 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ........................................................... 121
11.8 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................. 122
11.9 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status ..................................................................... 125
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................129
12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ......................................................................................... 129
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ........................................................................................................... 129
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ................................................................................................. 129
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control .....................................................................................................131
13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ...................................................................................... 131
Chapter 14
Mirroring ................................................................................................................................ 133
14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ....................................................................................................... 133
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation ..................................................................................................................135
15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ............................................................................................. 135
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ............................................................................................. 135
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ............................................................................................... 136
15.3 Link Aggregation Status ..................................................................................................136
15.4 Link Aggregation Setting ............................................................................................... 137
15.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol ................................................................................ 138
15.6 Static Trunking Example .................................................................................................. 140
Chapter 16
Port Authentication............................................................................................................... 143
16.1 Port Authentication Overview ........................................................................................ 143
16.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication ................................................................................... 143
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16.1.2 MAC Authentication ............................................................................................... 144
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration .................................................................................... 145
16.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................................... 145
16.2.2 Activate MAC Authentication ................................................................................. 146
Chapter 17
Port Security.......................................................................................................................... 149
17.1 About Port Security ......................................................................................................... 149
17.2 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................................... 149
Chapter 18
Classifier................................................................................................................................153
18.1 About the Classifier and QoS .......................................................................................... 153
18.2 Configuring the Classifier ...............................................................................................153
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................................... 156
18.4 Classifier Example ........................................................................................................... 157
Chapter 19
Policy Rule............................................................................................................................ 159
19.1 Policy Rules Overview ....................................................................................................159
19.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................................. 159
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................. 159
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................................. 160
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ........................................................................ 162
19.4 Policy Example ................................................................................................................ 163
Chapter 20
Queuing Method.................................................................................................................... 165
20.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................................. 165
20.1.1 Strictly Priority ........................................................................................................ 165
20.1.2 Weighted Fair Queuing .......................................................................................... 165
20.1.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 166
20.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 166
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................................................... 169
21.1 VLAN Stacking Overview ................................................................................................ 169
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ........................................................................................ 169
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................................... 170
21.3 VLAN Tag Format ............................................................................................................ 171
21.3.1 Frame Format ........................................................................................................ 171
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................................. 172
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Chapter 22
Multicast ................................................................................................................................ 175
22.1 Multicast Overview ......................................................................................................... 175
22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 175
22.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 175
22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ..................................................................................................... 175
22.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANs ................................................................................... 176
22.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................................. 176
22.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................................. 176
22.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN .................................................................................................... 178
22.5 IGMP Filtering Profile ..................................................................................................... 180
22.6 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 181
22.6.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 181
22.6.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 182
22.6.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 182
22.7 General MVR Configuration ............................................................................................ 182
22.8 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................................. 184
22.8.1 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................................. 185
Chapter 23
Authentication & Accounting .............................................................................................. 189
23.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ............................................................... 189
23.1.1 Local User Accounts .............................................................................................. 189
23.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+ ........................................................................................ 190
23.2 Authentication and Accounting Screens .......................................................................... 190
23.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup ........................................................................................ 190
23.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................................................................... 192
23.2.3 Authentication and Accounting Setup ................................................................ 194
23.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute ........................................................................................ 197
23.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes ......................................................................................... 198
23.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication .......................................................................... 199
23.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting ............................................................................... 199
Chapter 24
IP Source Guard....................................................................................................................203
24.1 IP Source Guard Overview .............................................................................................. 203
24.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview ..................................................................................... 203
24.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview ...................................................................................... 205
24.2 IP Source Guard .............................................................................................................. 207
24.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding ....................................................................................... 207
24.4 DHCP Snooping .............................................................................................................. 209
24.5 DHCP Snooping Configure .............................................................................................. 212
24.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ............................................................................. 213
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24.5.2 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure .......................................................................... 215
24.6 ARP Inspection Status .....................................................................................................216
24.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ................................................................................. 216
24.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status .................................................................................... 217
24.7 ARP Inspection Configure ............................................................................................... 219
24.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure .............................................................................. 220
24.7.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................... 221
Chapter 25
Loop Guard............................................................................................................................ 223
25.1 Loop Guard Overview ..................................................................................................... 223
25.2 Loop Guard Setup ........................................................................................................... 225
Part IV: IP Application.......................................................................... 227
Chapter 26
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 229
26.1 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................................. 229
Chapter 27
RIP .........................................................................................................................................231
27.1 RIP Overview ................................................................................................................... 231
27.2 Configuring RIP .............................................................................................................. 231
Chapter 28
OSPF ......................................................................................................................................233
28.1 OSPF Overview .............................................................................................................. 233
28.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas ................................................................ 233
28.1.2 How OSPF Works .................................................................................................. 234
28.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................................... 234
28.1.4 OSPF and Router Elections ................................................................................... 234
28.1.5 Configuring OSPF ................................................................................................. 235
28.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................................. 235
28.3 OSPF Configuration ......................................................................................................237
28.4 Configure OSPF Areas ................................................................................................... 239
28.4.1 View OSPF Area Information Table ....................................................................... 240
28.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ........................................................................................ 240
28.6 OSPF Virtual-Links ....................................................................................................... 242
Chapter 29
IGMP.......................................................................................................................................245
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29.1 IGMP Overview ............................................................................................................... 245
29.1.1 How IGMP Works ................................................................................................... 246
29.2 Port-based IGMP ............................................................................................................. 247
29.3 Configuring IGMP ............................................................................................................ 247
Chapter 30
DVMRP ................................................................................................................................... 249
30.1 DVMRP Overview ............................................................................................................249
30.2 How DVMRP Works ........................................................................................................ 249
30.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ............................................................................................. 250
30.3 Configuring DVMRP ....................................................................................................... 250
30.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages ................................................................ 251
30.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ........................................................................................ 252
Chapter 31
IP Multicast ............................................................................................................................ 253
31.1 IP Multicast Overview ...................................................................................................... 253
31.2 Configuring Multicast ....................................................................................................... 253
Chapter 32
Differentiated Services.........................................................................................................255
32.1 DiffServ Overview ........................................................................................................... 255
32.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 255
32.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................................... 256
32.2 Two Rate Three Color Marker Traffic Policing ................................................................. 256
32.2.1 TRTCM - Color-blind Mode .................................................................................... 257
32.2.2 TRTCM - Color-aware Mode .................................................................................. 257
32.3 Activating DiffServ .......................................................................................................... 258
32.3.1 Configuring 2-Rate 3 Color Marker Settings ......................................................... 258
32.4 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings ...................................................................... 260
32.4.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................................... 260
Chapter 33
DHCP...................................................................................................................................... 263
33.1 DHCP Overview ............................................................................................................. 263
33.1.1 DHCP Modes ........................................................................................................ 263
33.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options ................................................................................. 263
33.2 DHCP Status ................................................................................................................... 264
33.3 DHCP Server Status Detail ............................................................................................. 264
33.4 DHCP Relay ................................................................................................................... 265
33.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................................. 265
33.4.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay ............................................................................ 266
33.4.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example .......................................................... 267
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33.5 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings ................................................................................ 268
33.5.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs .................................................................. 270
Chapter 34
VRRP ......................................................................................................................................271
34.1 VRRP Overview .............................................................................................................. 271
34.2 VRRP Status .................................................................................................................. 272
34.3 VRRP Configuration .......................................................................................................273
34.3.1 IP Interface Setup ................................................................................................. 273
34.3.2 VRRP Parameters ................................................................................................. 274
34.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters .............................................................................. 275
34.3.4 Configuring VRRP Parameters .............................................................................. 276
34.4 VRRP Configuration Examples ...................................................................................... 276
34.4.1 One Subnet Network Example .............................................................................. 276
34.4.2 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................................... 278
Part V: Management............................................................................. 281
Chapter 35
Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 283
35.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................................. 283
35.2 Load Factory Default ...................................................................................................... 284
35.3 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 284
35.4 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 285
35.5 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 285
35.6 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 286
35.7 Backup a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 286
35.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 287
35.8.1 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................... 287
35.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................ 287
35.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 288
35.8.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................................... 288
Chapter 36
Access Control...................................................................................................................... 289
36.1 Access Control Overview ............................................................................................ 289
36.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................................... 289
36.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................................. 290
36.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security ........................................................................................... 291
36.3.2 Supported MIBs ................................................................................................... 291
36.3.3 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................... 291
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36.3.4 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................................. 294
36.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group ........................................................................... 296
36.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................................. 297
36.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 299
36.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................................... 299
36.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................................. 300
36.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................................. 300
36.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................300
36.8 HTTPS Example .............................................................................................................. 301
36.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 301
36.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 302
36.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................................... 302
36.9 Service Port Access Control ......................................................................................... 303
36.10 Remote Management ............................................................................................... 304
Chapter 37
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 307
37.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................................... 307
Chapter 38
Syslog ....................................................................................................................................309
38.1 Syslog Overview .............................................................................................................. 309
38.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................................. 309
38.3 Syslog Server Setup ....................................................................................................... 310
Chapter 39
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................313
39.1 Clustering Management Status Overview ...................................................................... 313
39.2 Cluster Management Status ........................................................................................... 314
39.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................................... 315
39.3 Clustering Management Configuration .......................................................................... 316
Chapter 40
MAC Table..............................................................................................................................319
40.1 MAC Table Overview ...................................................................................................... 319
40.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................................... 320
Chapter 41
IP Table ..................................................................................................................................321
41.1 IP Table Overview ........................................................................................................... 321
41.2 Viewing the IP Table ........................................................................................................ 322
Chapter 42
ARP Table .............................................................................................................................. 323
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42.1 ARP Table Overview .......................................................................................................323
42.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................... 323
42.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................................... 323
Chapter 43
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................325
43.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 325
43.2 Viewing the Routing Table Status ................................................................................... 325
Chapter 44
Configure Clone.................................................................................................................... 327
44.1 Configure Clone .............................................................................................................. 327
Part VI: Commands and Troubleshooting ......................................... 329
Chapter 45
Introducing Commands.......................................................................................................331
45.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 331
45.2 Accessing the CLI ............................................................................................................ 331
45.2.1 The Console Port ................................................................................................... 331
45.3 The Login Screen ........................................................................................................... 332
45.4 Command Syntax Conventions ....................................................................................... 332
45.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................................. 333
45.6 Creating a New IP Interface ............................................................................................ 333
45.7 Privilege Levels ............................................................................................................... 334
45.8 Command Modes ............................................................................................................ 334
45.9 Getting Help ..................................................................................................................... 335
45.9.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................................... 336
45.10 Using Command History ................................................................................................ 337
45.11 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................................. 337
45.11.1 Switch Configuration File ...................................................................................... 338
45.11.2 Logging Out .......................................................................................................... 338
45.12 Command Summary ...................................................................................................... 338
45.12.1 User Mode ............................................................................................................ 338
45.12.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................................ 339
45.12.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................................ 349
45.12.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................................... 375
45.12.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................................... 380
45.12.6 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................................ 382
45.13 mvr Commands .............................................................................................................383
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Chapter 46
User and Enable Mode Commands..................................................................................... 385
46.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 385
46.2 show Commands .............................................................................................................385
46.2.1 show system-information ...................................................................................... 385
46.2.2 show ip ................................................................................................................... 386
46.2.3 show logging ......................................................................................................... 386
46.2.4 show interface ....................................................................................................... 386
46.2.5 show mac address-table ....................................................................................... 387
46.3 ping ................................................................................................................................. 388
46.4 traceroute ........................................................................................................................ 388
46.5 Copy Port Attributes ........................................................................................................ 389
46.6 Configuration File Maintenance ...................................................................................... 389
46.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ....................................................................... 390
46.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ............................................................................. 390
Chapter 47
Configuration Mode Commands .........................................................................................391
47.1 Enabling IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 391
47.2 Configure IGMP Filter ...................................................................................................... 392
47.3 Enabling STP ................................................................................................................... 393
47.4 no Command Examples .................................................................................................. 394
47.4.1 Disable Commands ............................................................................................... 394
47.4.2 Resetting Commands ............................................................................................. 395
47.4.3 Re-enable commands ............................................................................................ 395
47.4.4 Other Examples of no Commands ......................................................................... 395
47.5 Queuing Method Commands ........................................................................................... 397
47.6 Static Route Commands .................................................................................................. 398
47.7 Enabling MAC Filtering ....................................................................................................398
47.8 Enabling Trunking ............................................................................................................ 399
47.9 Enabling Port Authentication ........................................................................................... 400
47.9.1 RADIUS Server Settings ........................................................................................ 400
47.9.2 Port Authentication Settings ................................................................................... 401
Chapter 48
Interface Commands ............................................................................................................403
48.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 403
48.2 Interface Command Examples ........................................................................................ 403
48.2.1 interface port-channel ........................................................................................... 403
48.2.2 IEEE 802.3ah Link Layer Ethernet OAM Implementation ...................................... 403
48.2.3 bpdu-control .......................................................................................................... 405
48.2.4 broadcast-limit ....................................................................................................... 406
48.2.5 bandwidth-limit ...................................................................................................... 406
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48.2.6 mirror ..................................................................................................................... 407
48.2.7 gvrp ....................................................................................................................... 407
48.2.8 ingress-check ........................................................................................................ 408
48.2.9 frame-type .............................................................................................................408
48.2.10 weight .................................................................................................................. 408
48.2.11 egress set ............................................................................................................409
48.2.12 qos priority ............................................................................................................ 409
48.2.13 name .................................................................................................................... 410
48.2.14 speed-duplex ........................................................................................................ 410
48.2.15 test ....................................................................................................................... 410
48.3 Interface no Command Examples ....................................................................................411
48.3.1 no bandwidth-limit ...................................................................................................411
Chapter 49
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands .............................................................................. 413
49.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................................... 413
49.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................................. 414
49.2.1 GARP Status .......................................................................................................... 414
49.2.2 GARP Timer .......................................................................................................... 414
49.2.3 GVRP Timer ........................................................................................................... 415
49.2.4 Enable GVRP ......................................................................................................... 415
49.2.5 Disable GVRP ........................................................................................................ 415
49.3 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................................... 415
49.3.1 Set Port VID .......................................................................................................... 415
49.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................................... 416
49.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ................................................................................ 416
49.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................................... 416
49.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ...................................................................................................... 418
49.4 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 418
49.5 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 418
49.6 Show VLAN Setting ........................................................................................................418
Chapter 50
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands...........................................................................421
50.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 421
50.2 Create Multicast VLAN .................................................................................................. 421
Chapter 51
Routing Domain Command Examples................................................................................ 423
51.0.1 interface route-domain ........................................................................................... 423
Chapter 52
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................425
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52.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ..................................................................................... 425
52.2 Problems Accessing the Switch ...................................................................................... 425
52.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ........................................... 426
52.3 Problems with the Password ........................................................................................... 431
Part VII: Appendices and Index .......................................................... 433
Appendix A Product Specifications.......................................................................................435
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................441
Appendix C Legal Information ..............................................................................................449
Appendix D Customer Support............................................................................................. 453
Index....................................................................................................................................... 457
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List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................................................. 37
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................................................... 39
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................................................... 39
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................................................... 41
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................................................. 42
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................................................. 43
Figure 8 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................. 45
Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example ............................................................................................. 47
Figure 10 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................................................ 47
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................................................ 48
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................................................. 48
Figure 13 Rear Panel - AC Model ......................................................................................................... 48
Figure 14 Rear Panel - DC Model ........................................................................................................ 48
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................................................... 54
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................................................. 54
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................................................59
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................................................... 61
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ......................................................................................... 61
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................................................... 63
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................................... 65
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................................................... 66
Figure 23 Status .................................................................................................................................... 69
Figure 24 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................................ 71
Figure 25 Basic Setting > System Info .................................................................................................. 76
Figure 26 Basic Setting > General Setup .............................................................................................. 77
Figure 27 Basic Setting > Switch Setup ................................................................................................ 80
Figure 28 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 82
Figure 29 Basic Setting > Port Setup .................................................................................................... 84
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................... 91
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................................................... 91
Figure 32 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status ........................................................................ 92
Figure 33 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 92
Figure 34 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ...................................................................... 93
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................. 95
Figure 36 Subnet Based VLAN Application Example ............................................................................ 96
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN ........................ 97
Figure 38 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example .......................................................................... 99
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Figure 39 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN ...................... 99
Figure 40 Protocol Based VLAN Configuration Example .................................................................... 101
Figure 41 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .......................... 102
Figure 42 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ........................... 103
Figure 43 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................. 105
Figure 44 Advanced Application > Filtering ......................................................................................... 107
Figure 45 MRSTP Network Example ....................................................................................................111
Figure 46 STP/RSTP Network Example ...............................................................................................112
Figure 47 MSTP Network Example ......................................................................................................113
Figure 48 MSTIs in Different Regions ..................................................................................................114
Figure 49 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example ........................................................................114
Figure 50 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................115
Figure 51 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration ........................................115
Figure 52 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP ....................................................116
Figure 53 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP ........................................118
Figure 54 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP .................................................119
Figure 55 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP .................................... 121
Figure 56 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................. 123
Figure 57 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ...................................... 126
Figure 58 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control ........................................................................ 130
Figure 59 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control .............................................................. 131
Figure 60 Advanced Application > Mirroring ........................................................................................ 133
Figure 61 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status ................................................................ 136
Figure 62 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ............................... 137
Figure 63 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP .................. 139
Figure 64 Trunking Example - Physical Connections ........................................................................... 140
Figure 65 Trunking Example - Configuration Screen ............................................................................ 141
Figure 66 IEEE 802.1x Authentication Process .................................................................................. 144
Figure 67 MAC Authentication Process .............................................................................................. 144
Figure 68 Advanced Application > Port Authentication ....................................................................... 145
Figure 69 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x ........................................................ 145
Figure 70 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication ................................... 147
Figure 71 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................. 150
Figure 72 Advanced Application > Classifier ....................................................................................... 154
Figure 73 Advanced Application > Classifier: Summary Table ............................................................ 156
Figure 74 Classifier: Example .............................................................................................................. 158
Figure 75 Advanced Application > Policy Rule ................................................................................... 160
Figure 76 Advanced Application > Policy Rule: Summary Table ......................................................... 162
Figure 77 Policy Example .................................................................................................................... 163
Figure 78 Advanced Application > Queuing Method ........................................................................... 167
Figure 79 VLAN Stacking Example ..................................................................................................... 170
Figure 80 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking .............................................................................. 172
Figure 81 Advanced Application > Multicast ........................................................................................ 176
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Figure 82 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ......................................................... 177
Figure 83 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................. 179
Figure 84 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile ................... 180
Figure 85 MVR Network Example ....................................................................................................... 181
Figure 86 MVR Multicast Television Example ..................................................................................... 182
Figure 87 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................. 183
Figure 88 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 185
Figure 89 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 186
Figure 90 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 186
Figure 91 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................................... 187
Figure 92 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................................... 187
Figure 93 AAA Server ......................................................................................................................... 189
Figure 94 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct ............................................................................... 190
Figure 95 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ........................................ 191
Figure 96 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................... 193
Figure 97 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup .......................................... 195
Figure 98 DHCP Snooping Database File Format ............................................................................... 204
Figure 99 Example: Man-in-the-middle Attack ..................................................................................... 205
Figure 100 IP Source Guard ................................................................................................................. 207
Figure 101 IP Source Guard Static Binding .......................................................................................... 208
Figure 102 DHCP Snooping ................................................................................................................. 209
Figure 103 DHCP Snooping Configure ................................................................................................ 212
Figure 104 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ......................................................................................... 214
Figure 105 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure ...................................................................................... 215
Figure 106 ARP Inspection Status ........................................................................................................ 216
Figure 107 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ............................................................................................. 217
Figure 108 ARP Inspection Log Status ................................................................................................. 218
Figure 109 ARP Inspection Configure .................................................................................................. 219
Figure 110 ARP Inspection Port Configure ........................................................................................... 220
Figure 111 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................................ 221
Figure 112 Loop Guard vs STP ............................................................................................................ 223
Figure 113 Switch in Loop State ........................................................................................................... 224
Figure 114 Loop Guard - Probe Packet ................................................................................................ 224
Figure 115 Loop Guard - Network Loop ............................................................................................... 224
Figure 116 Advanced Application > Loop Guard .................................................................................. 225
Figure 117 IP Application > Static Routing .......................................................................................... 229
Figure 118 IP Application > RIP ........................................................................................................... 232
Figure 119 OSPF Network Example ..................................................................................................... 234
Figure 120 OSPF Router Election Example ......................................................................................... 235
Figure 121 IP Application > OSPF Status ............................................................................................ 236
Figure 122 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ............................ 238
Figure 123 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ............................................................ 239
Figure 124 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ..................................................... 240
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List of Figures
Figure 125 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Interface ................................................... 241
Figure 126 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Virtual Link ............................................... 242
Figure 127 IP Multicast ........................................................................................................................ 245
Figure 128 IGMP Version 1 Example .................................................................................................. 246
Figure 129 IGMP Version 2 Example .................................................................................................. 247
Figure 130 IGMP Version 3 Example .................................................................................................. 247
Figure 131 IP Application > IGMP ....................................................................................................... 248
Figure 132 How DVMRP Works .......................................................................................................... 250
Figure 133 IP Application > DVMRP ................................................................................................... 250
Figure 134 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ..................................................................................... 251
Figure 135 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ............................................................................ 251
Figure 136 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ............................................................................. 252
Figure 137 IP Application > IP Multicast .............................................................................................. 253
Figure 138 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................................................. 255
Figure 139 DiffServ Network ............................................................................................................... 256
Figure 140 TRTCM - Color-blind Mode ............................................................................................... 257
Figure 141 TRTCM - Color-aware Mode ............................................................................................. 257
Figure 142 IP Application > DiffServ .................................................................................................... 258
Figure 143 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker ............................................................. 259
Figure 144 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting ......................................................................... 260
Figure 145 IP Application > DHCP Status ........................................................................................... 264
Figure 146 IP Application > DHCP > DHCP Server Status Detail ....................................................... 264
Figure 147 IP Application > DHCP > Global ........................................................................................ 266
Figure 148 Global DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................................. 267
Figure 149 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................................................. 267
Figure 150 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ....................................................................................... 268
Figure 151 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs ............................................................................................. 270
Figure 152 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs Configuration Example ........................................................ 270
Figure 153 VRRP: Example 1 ............................................................................................................. 271
Figure 154 IP Application > VRRP Status ........................................................................................... 272
Figure 155 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > IP Interface ......................................................... 273
Figure 156 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > VRRP Parameters .............................................. 275
Figure 157 VRRP Configuration: Summary ......................................................................................... 276
Figure 158 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network ............................................. 277
Figure 159 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ............................................... 277
Figure 160 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ............................................... 277
Figure 161 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ................................................................... 277
Figure 162 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ................................................................... 278
Figure 163 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ............................................. 278
Figure 164 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A ................................. 278
Figure 165 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B ................................. 279
Figure 166 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ................................................................... 279
Figure 167 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ................................................................... 279
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List of Figures
Figure 168 Management > Maintenance ............................................................................................ 283
Figure 169 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................................................ 284
Figure 170 Reboot System: Confirmation ........................................................................................... 285
Figure 171 Management > Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade .......................................................... 285
Figure 172 Management > Maintenance > Restore Configuration ...................................................... 286
Figure 173 Management > Maintenance > Backup Configuration ...................................................... 286
Figure 174 Management > Access Control ......................................................................................... 289
Figure 175 SNMP Management Model .............................................................................................. 290
Figure 176 Management > Access Control > SNMP ........................................................................... 295
Figure 177 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group .................................................... 297
Figure 178 Management > Access Control > Logins .......................................................................... 298
Figure 179 SSH Communication Example ...........................................................................................299
Figure 180 How SSH Works ................................................................................................................. 299
Figure 181 HTTPS Implementation ...................................................................................................... 301
Figure 182 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................................... 301
Figure 183 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 302
Figure 184 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 302
Figure 185 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection .................................................................. 303
Figure 186 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control ................................................ 303
Figure 187 Management > Access Control > Remote Management .................................................. 304
Figure 188 Management > Diagnostic ................................................................................................. 307
Figure 189 Management > Syslog ....................................................................................................... 310
Figure 190 Management > Syslog > Server Setup ..............................................................................311
Figure 191 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................................... 314
Figure 192 Management > Cluster Management ................................................................................ 314
Figure 193 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen .................................... 315
Figure 194 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............................................. 316
Figure 195 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration ................................................. 317
Figure 196 MAC Table Flowchart ........................................................................................................ 319
Figure 197 Management > MAC Table ................................................................................................ 320
Figure 198 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................................................. 321
Figure 199 Management > IP Table .................................................................................................... 322
Figure 200 Management > ARP Table ................................................................................................ 324
Figure 201 Management > Routing Table .......................................................................................... 325
Figure 202 Management > Configure Clone .......................................................................................327
Figure 203 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ............................................................ 396
Figure 204 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 426
Figure 205 Internet Options ................................................................................................................. 427
Figure 206 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 428
Figure 207 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 428
Figure 208 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 429
Figure 209 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 430
Figure 210 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 430
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Figure 211 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 431
Figure 212 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 442
Figure 213 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 444
Figure 214 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 445
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List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 Panel Connections .................................................................................................................... 45
Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 49
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................................................... 55
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................................................. 56
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................................................. 57
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................................................ 69
Table 7 Status > Port Details ................................................................................................................. 71
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info ...................................................................................................... 76
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup .................................................................................................. 78
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup .................................................................................................. 80
Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 82
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup ...................................................................................................... 84
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................................................ 90
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status .......................................................................... 92
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 93
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ......................................................................... 94
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................... 95
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup ............... 97
Table 19 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN Setup ........... 100
Table 20 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup ..................................................... 104
Table 21 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................... 106
Table 22 Advanced Application > FIltering .......................................................................................... 107
Table 23 STP Path Costs .....................................................................................................................110
Table 24 STP Port States .....................................................................................................................111
Table 25 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration .........................................115
Table 26 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP .....................................................116
Table 27 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP .........................................118
Table 28 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP ..................................................119
Table 29 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP ..................................... 121
Table 30 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................... 124
Table 31 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ........................................ 126
Table 32 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control .......................................................................... 130
Table 33 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control ................................................................ 132
Table 34 Advanced Application > Mirroring ......................................................................................... 134
Table 35 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ........................................................................................ 136
Table 36 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ......................................................................................... 136
Table 37 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status ................................................................. 136
Table 38 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ................................. 138
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Table 39 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP .................... 139
Table 40 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x .......................................................... 146
Table 41 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication ..................................... 147
Table 42 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................... 150
Table 43 Advanced Application > Classifier ......................................................................................... 154
Table 44 Classifier: Summary Table .................................................................................................... 156
Table 45 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ................................................................... 156
Table 46 Common IP Ports .................................................................................................................. 157
Table 47 Advanced Application > Policy Rule ..................................................................................... 161
Table 48 Policy: Summary Table ......................................................................................................... 162
Table 49 Advanced Application > Queuing Method ............................................................................. 167
Table 50 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................................................. 171
Table 51 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ............................................................. 171
Table 52 802.1Q Frame ....................................................................................................................... 171
Table 53 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking ............................................................................... 172
Table 54 Multicast Status ..................................................................................................................... 176
Table 55 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ........................................................... 177
Table 56 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................... 179
Table 57 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile .................... 180
Table 58 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................... 183
Table 59 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 185
Table 60 RADIUS vs TACACS+ .......................................................................................................... 190
Table 61 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ......................................... 191
Table 62 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ...................................... 193
Table 63 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup ............................................ 195
Table 64 Supported VSAs ................................................................................................................... 197
Table 65 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ..................................................................................... 198
Table 66 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ..................................................................... 200
Table 67 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Telnet/SSH ................................................................ 200
Table 68 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ..................................................................... 200
Table 69 IP Source Guard ................................................................................................................... 207
Table 70 IP Source Guard Static Binding ............................................................................................ 208
Table 71 DHCP Snooping .................................................................................................................... 210
Table 72 DHCP Snooping Configure ................................................................................................... 212
Table 73 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ........................................................................................... 214
Table 74 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure .........................................................................................215
Table 75 ARP Inspection Status .......................................................................................................... 216
Table 76 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ................................................................................................ 217
Table 77 ARP Inspection Log Status ................................................................................................... 218
Table 78 ARP Inspection Configure ..................................................................................................... 219
Table 79 ARP Inspection Port Configure ............................................................................................. 221
Table 80 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure .......................................................................................... 222
Table 81 Advanced Application > Loop Guard ....................................................................................225
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Table 82 IP Application > Static Routing .............................................................................................. 229
Table 83 IP Application > RIP .............................................................................................................. 232
Table 84 OSPF vs. RIP ........................................................................................................................ 233
Table 85 OSPF: Router Types ............................................................................................................. 233
Table 86 IP Application > OSPF Status ............................................................................................... 236
Table 87 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields .................................................................................. 236
Table 88 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ............................... 238
Table 89 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ................................................................ 239
Table 90 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ......................................................... 240
Table 91 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Interface ....................................................... 241
Table 92 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Virtual Link ................................................... 243
Table 93 IP Application > IGMP ........................................................................................................... 248
Table 94 IP Application > DVMRP ....................................................................................................... 251
Table 95 DVMRP: Default Timer Values .............................................................................................. 252
Table 96 IP Application > IP Multicast ................................................................................................. 254
Table 97 IP Application > DiffServ ....................................................................................................... 258
Table 98 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker ................................................................. 259
Table 99 Default DSCP-IEEE 802.1p Mapping ................................................................................... 260
Table 100 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 261
Table 101 IP Application > DHCP Status ............................................................................................. 264
Table 102 IP Application > DHCP Server Status Detail ....................................................................... 265
Table 103 Relay Agent Information ..................................................................................................... 266
Table 104 IP Application > DHCP > Global ......................................................................................... 266
Table 105 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN .......................................................................................... 269
Table 106 IP Application > VRRP Status ............................................................................................. 272
Table 107 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > IP Interface ........................................................... 274
Table 108 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > VRRP Parameters ................................................ 275
Table 109 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ............................................................................... 276
Table 110 Management > Maintenance ............................................................................................... 283
Table 111 Filename Conventions ......................................................................................................... 287
Table 112 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients ................................................................. 288
Table 113 Access Control Overview .................................................................................................... 289
Table 114 SNMP Commands .............................................................................................................. 290
Table 115 SNMP System Traps ........................................................................................................... 291
Table 116 SNMP InterfaceTraps .......................................................................................................... 292
Table 117 AAA Traps ........................................................................................................................... 293
Table 118 SNMP IP Traps ................................................................................................................... 293
Table 119 SNMP Switch Traps ............................................................................................................ 294
Table 120 Management > Access Control > SNMP ............................................................................ 295
Table 121 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group ...................................................... 297
Table 122 Management > Access Control > Logins ............................................................................ 298
Table 123 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control ................................................. 304
Table 124 Management > Access Control > Remote Management .................................................... 304
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List of Tables
Table 125 Management > Diagnostic .................................................................................................. 307
Table 126 Syslog Severity Levels ........................................................................................................ 309
Table 127 Management > Syslog ........................................................................................................ 310
Table 128 Management > Syslog > Server Setup ................................................................................311
Table 129 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ................................................................... 313
Table 130 Management > Cluster Management .................................................................................. 315
Table 131 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ........................................................................... 316
Table 132 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration ................................................... 317
Table 133 Management > MAC Table ................................................................................................. 320
Table 134 Management > IP Table ...................................................................................................... 322
Table 135 Management > ARP Table .................................................................................................. 324
Table 136 Management > Routing Table ............................................................................................. 325
Table 137 Management > Configure Clone ......................................................................................... 328
Table 138 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ............................................................................... 335
Table 139 Command Summary: User Mode ...................................................................................... 338
Table 140 Command Summary: Enable Mode .................................................................................... 339
Table 141 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .......................................................................... 349
Table 142 interface port-channel Commands ...................................................................................... 375
Table 143 interface route-domain Commands .....................................................................................381
Table 144 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands .................................................................... 382
Table 145 Command Summary: mvr Commands ................................................................................ 383
Table 146 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ...................................................................... 425
Table 147 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ............................................................................... 425
Table 148 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................................................ 431
Table 149 Hardware Specifications ..................................................................................................... 435
Table 150 Firmware Specifications ...................................................................................................... 436
Table 151 Switching Specifications ...................................................................................................... 438
Table 152 Standards Supported .......................................................................................................... 439
Table 153 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ........................................................... 442
Table 154 Subnet Masks ..................................................................................................................... 443
Table 155 Maximum Host Numbers .................................................................................................... 443
Table 156 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................................... 443
Table 157 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................................. 445
Table 158 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................................. 446
Table 159 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................................. 446
Table 160 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................................. 446
Table 161 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................................... 446
Table 162 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 447
Table 163 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 447
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PART I
Introduction
Getting to Know Your Switch (37)
Hardware Installation and Connection (41)
Hardware Overview (45)
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CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.
1.1 Introduction
The ES-4124 is a stand-alone layer 3 Ethernet switch with 24 10/100Mbps ports, two RJ-45
Gigabit ports for stacking and 2 GbE dual personality interfaces for uplink as well as a console
port and a management port for local management. A dual personality interface includes one
Gigabit port and one slot for a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module) with one port active at a
time.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In addition,
the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console
port, or third-party SNMP management.
See Appendix A on page 435 for a full list of software features available on the Switch.
1.1.1 Backbone Application
The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the
near future. The Switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can
connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or connect other switches to the
Switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the Switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the Switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the Switch.
Moreover, the Switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example
The Switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The Switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 89.
1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In
the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports
can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch
Use any of the following methods to manage the Switch.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Switch using a
(supported) web browser. See Chapter 4 on page 53.
• Command Line Interface. Line commands offer an alternative to the Web Configurator
and may be necessary to configure advanced features. See Chapter 45 on page 331.
• FTP. Use File Transfer Protocol for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
See Section 35.8 on page 287.
• SNMP. The device can be monitored and/or managed by an SNMP manager. See Section
36.3 on page 290.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch
Do the following things regularly to make the Switch more secure and to manage the Switch
more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of
different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an
earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even
crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Switch to its factory
default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to
totally re-configure the Switch. You could simply restore your last configuration.
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CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the Switch.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These rubber feet help
protect the Switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet
" Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
" For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
1 Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
42
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the Switch.
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3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
Switch.
4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
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CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to
make the hardware connections.
3.1 Panel Connections
The figure below shows the front panel of the Switch.
Figure 8 Front Panel
RJ-45 Gigabit Ports for stacking
LEDs
The following table describes the ports on the panels.
Table 1 Panel Connections
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
24 10/100
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports
Two 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit Ports
Two Dual
Personality
Interfaces
10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
• 2 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports:
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network
Ethernet switches.
•2 Mini-GBIC Ports:
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
Console Port
Management Port
RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC
Dual Personality Interfaces
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 1 Panel Connections (continued)
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
Console Port Only connect this port if you want to configure the Switch using the command line
Management
Port
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the Switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
interface (CLI) via the console port.
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
Switch.
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports
The Switch has 24 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/
100Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10Mbps or 100Mbps and the duplex mode can be
half duplex or full duplex.
There are two Dual Personality interfaces (Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports). The miniGBIC ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the
corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
The speed of the Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the
duplex mode can be half duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (100/
1000Mpbs) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the Switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The Switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
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There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
1 To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 10 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figures show the rear panels of the AC and DC power input model switches.
The rear panel contains a connector for backup power supply (BPS) and the power receptacle.
For the DC power input model, it also contains a power switch.
Figure 13 Rear Panel - AC Model
Figure 14 Rear Panel - DC Model
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
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To connect the power to the ES-4124 AC unit, insert the female end of power cord to the
power receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a
100~240V AC, 1.5A power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
The ES-4124 DC unit requires DC power supply input of -48V DC to -60V DC, 1.5A Max no
tolerance. To connect the power to the unit, insert one end of the supplied power cord to the
power receptacle on the rear panel and the other end to a power outlet. Make sure that no
objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector
The Switch supports external backup power supply (BPS).
The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the Switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the Switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
3.3 LEDs
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
The following table describes the LEDs.
Table 2 LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
Off The system is off.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Ethernet Ports
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
FDX Amber On The Ethernet port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Off The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 2 LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Gigabit Ports
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10/1000 Mbps
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
FDX Amber On The Ethernet port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Mini-GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
MGMT
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
Ethernet network.
On The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Off The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode.
Off This link is disconnected.
On The port is connected at 10 Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100 Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
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PART II
Basic Configuration
The Web Configurator (53)
Initial Setup Example (63)
System Status and Port Statistics (69)
Basic Setting (75)
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CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1)
in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
B
C
DE
A
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.
54
B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.
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B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is saved in the configuration file from which the Switch booted from and
it stays the same even if the Switch’s power is turned off. See Section 35.3 on page 284 for
information on saving your settings to a specific configuration file.
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the Switch.
D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation
Port Authentication
Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
VLAN Stacking
Multicast
Authentication and
Accounting
IP Source Guard
Loop Guard
VLAN Port Setting
Subnet Based VLAN
Protocol Based VLAN
Static VLAN
Configuration
RSTP
MRSTP
MSTP
Link Aggregation
Setting
Ling Aggregation
Control Protocol
802.1x
MAC Authentication
Multicast Setting
IGMP Snooping VLAN
IGMP Filtering Profile
MVR
Group Configuration
RADIUS Server Setup
TACACS+ Server
Setup
Auth and Acct Setup
IP Source Guard
Static Binding
DHCP Snooping
ARP Inspection Status
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
Static Routing
RIP
OSPF Status
OSPF Configuration
OSPF Interface
OSPF Virtual Link
IGMP
DVMRP
IP Multicast
DiffServ
2-Rate 3 Color
Marker
DSCP Setting
DHCP Status
DHCP Relay
VLAN Setting
VRRP
VRRP Configuration
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access Control
Remote Management
Diagnostic
Syslog
Syslog Setup
Server Setup
Cluster Management
Status
Configuration
MAC Table
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table
Configure Clone
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information about the Switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global Switch parameters
such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority
queues.
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
mask (necessary for Switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual
Switch ports.
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q
VLAN (depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu). You can also
configure a protocol based VLAN or a subnet based VLAN in these screens.
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to group
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to perform
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MRSTP/MSTP to
prevent network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure IEEE 802.1x port
authentication as well as MAC authentication for clients communicating via the
Switch.
set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
packets based on the specified criteria.
special treatment on the grouped packets.
queue weights for each port.
and create multicast VLANs.
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Auth and Acct This link takes you to a screen where you can configure authentication and
accounting services via external servers. The external servers can be either
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) or TACACS+ (Terminal
Access Controller Access-Control System Plus).
IP Source Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure filtering of unauthorized
DHCP and ARP packets in your network.
Loop Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure protection against network
loops that occur on the edge of your network.
IP Application
Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
defines how the Switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing
Information Protocol) direction and versions.
OSPF This link takes you to screens where you can view the OSPF status and configure
IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.
DVMRP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DVMRP (Distance
IP Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to remove
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure marking
DHCP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DHCP settings.
VRRP This link takes you to screens where you can configure redundant virtual router for
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses (and types) of
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table.
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to other
OSPF settings.
Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) settings.
VLAN tags from IP multicast packets on an out-going port.
rules and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.
your network.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
server.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
ports.
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4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
4.4 Saving Your Configuration
When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the Switch’s storage that
remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.
" Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.
4.5 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) if you do one of the following:
1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the Switch.
3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disable all ports.
5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.
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6 Forget the password and/or IP address.
7 Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.
8 Change a service port number but forget it.
" Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch. If you do lock
yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the Switch.
4.6 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the Switch back to the factory
defaults.
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 46 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the Switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect
the Switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
5 Wait for the “
6 After a configuration file upload, type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
upload on your terminal.
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
atgo to restart the Switch.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.7 | 02/17/2006 11:56:33
RAM:Size = 64 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 65536K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.80(AIC.0)b0 | 01/19/2007 19:06:37
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.....................
Enter Debug Mode
ES-4124> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 393216 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
ES-4124> atgo
The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default
password of “1234”.
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.8 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
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CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:
• Configure an IP interface
• Configure DHCP server settings
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Enable RIP
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface
On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
Switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
Switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface
1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make
sure your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port.
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2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in
the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 53 for more
information.
3 Click Basic Setting and IP Setup
in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the Sales network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static
VLAN screen.
6 Click Add to save the settings to
the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings
You can set the Switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server,
etc.) to DHCP clients on the network.
For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the Switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.
1 In the web configurator, click IP
Application and DHCP in the
navigation panel and click the
VLAN link.
2 In the VLAN Setting screen,
specify the ID of the VLAN to
which the DHCP clients belong,
the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway
address and the DNS server
address(es).
3 Click Add to save the settings to
the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
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5.1.3 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
1 Click Advanced Application > VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
2 In the Static VLAN screen, select
ACTIVE, enter a descriptive
name in the Name field and enter
2 in the VLAN Group ID field
for the VLAN2 network.
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" The VLAN Group ID field in this screen and the VID field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the Switch, select Fixed to
configure port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags
before sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
5.1.4 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced Applications
and VLAN in the navigation
panel. Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for
port 1 and click Apply to save
your changes back to the runtime memory. Settings in the
run-time memory are lost when
the Switch’s power is turned off.
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5.1.5 Enabling RIP
To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains,
enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen.
1 Click IP Application and RIP in the navigation panel.
2 Select Both in the Direction
field to set the Switch to
broadcast and receive
routing information.
3 In the Ver si on field, select
RIP-1 for the RIP packet
format that is universally
supported.
4 Click Apply to save your
changes back to the run-time
memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned
off.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 23 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
screen (refer to Figure 24 on page 71).
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting, Port Setup screen.
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Table 6 Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). It also shows the cable
type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
port (see Section 11.1.3 on page 111 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
enabled on the port.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
been up.
Clear Counter Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical
information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
Switch.
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Figure 24 Status: Port Details
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status > Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.
Name This field displays the name of the port.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the
cable type (Copper or Fiber).
(see Section 11.1.3 on page 111 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
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Table 7 Status > Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
transmitted.
received.
error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
by exactly one collision.
inhibited by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
packets have already been transmitted.
error.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
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Table 7 Status > Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
10241518
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general Switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the Switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global Switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a Switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting > System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 25 Basic Setting > System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the Switch
Current This shows the current temperature at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
Fan Speed
(RPM)
This field displays the version number of the Switch 's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the Switch.
The Switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
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Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the Switch still
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
works.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
7.3 General Setup
Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic
Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Figure 26 Basic Setting > General Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
Location Enter the geographic location of your Switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
Contact Person's
Name
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Daylight Saving
Time
Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected
64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the name of the person in charge of this Switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of
seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
Switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The Switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set
their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the
evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Daylight Saving Time. The time is displayed in the 24 hour format. Here are a
couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second
Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving
Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Second,
Sunday, March and 2:00.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All
of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, March and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany for
instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead
of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
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Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected
Daylight Saving Time. The time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple
of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November.
Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.
local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and
2:00.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October.
All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, October and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany
for instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
" VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 89 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 27 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on
VLAN setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 89 for more information.
Select Active to allow the Switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
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Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The Switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the Switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if
the network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.
7.6.1 IP Interfaces
The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
On the Switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the Switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.
You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the Switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 28 Basic Setting > IP Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default
Gateway
Domain Name
Server
Default
Management
Management IP Address
Use these fields to set the settings for the out-of-band management port.
IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the Switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the Switch send the packets to the management port
labelled MGMT. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the Switch send the packets to all ports except the
management port (labelled MGMT) to which connected device(s) do not receive
these packets.
notation. For example, 192.168.0.1.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254
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Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
IP Interface
Use these fields to create or edit IP routing domains on the Switch.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
192.168.1.1. This is the IP address of the Switch in an IP routing domain.
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays IP address of the Switch in the IP domain.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask of the Switch in the IP domain.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the Switch.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation. For
example, 255.255.255.0.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
7.7 Port Setup
Use this screen to configure Switch port settings.Click Basic Setting > Port Setup in the
navigation panel to display the configuration screen.
Note: Deleting all IP subnets locks you out from the Switch.
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Figure 29 Basic Setting > Port Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
numerical characters.
Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in
some web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet/Fast Ethernet connection and 10/100/
1000M for Gigabit connections.
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.
Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex (for Gigabit ports only).
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends
support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the Switch negotiates with the
peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer
port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines
the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex
mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the preconfigured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to
make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
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Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The Switch uses IEEE 802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE 802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 80 for more information.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tunn el to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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PART III
Advanced Setup
VLAN (89)
Static MAC Forward Setup (105)
Filtering (107)
Spanning Tree Protocol (109)
Bandwidth Control (129)
Broadcast Storm Control (131)
Mirroring (133)
Link Aggregation (135)
Port Authentication (143)
Port Security (149)
Classifier (153)
Policy Rule (159)
Queuing Method (165)
VLAN Stacking (169)
Multicast (175)
Authentication & Accounting (189)
IP Source Guard (203)
Loop Guard (223)
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CHAPTER 8
VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Acceptable Frame
Type
Ingress filtering If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just
untagged incoming frames on a port.
that do not have this port as a member
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8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking
Chapter 8 VLAN
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen.
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
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8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
See Section 8.1 on page 89 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown
next.
Figure 32 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
This is the number of VLANs configured on the Switch.
details.
screen.
static VLAN was set up.
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details
Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1
on page 89 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN
Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 33 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
static VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the Switch. See Section
8.1 on page 89 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click
Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 34 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes. This name
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
consists of up to 64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
this VLAN Group ID.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
VLAN settings.
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings
Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.1 on page 89 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
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Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management
port and the Gigabit uplink ports but not communicate with each other. This option
is the most limiting but also the most secure.
Port This field displays the port number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the Switch discards incoming frames for
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable
Frame Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
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Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag On ly.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames
will be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the Switch.
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Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.6 Subnet Based VLANs
Subnet based VLANs allow you to group traffic into logical VLANs based on the source IP
subnet you specify. When a frame is received on a port, the Switch checks if a tag is added
already and the IP subnet it came from. The untagged packets from the same IP subnet are then
placed in the same subnet based VLAN. One advantage of using subnet based VLANs is that
priority can be assigned to traffic from the same IP subnet.
For example, an ISP(Internet Services Provider) may divide different types of services it
provides to customers into different IP subnets. Traffic for voice services is designated for IP
subnet 172.16.1.0/24, video for 192.168.1.0/24 and data for 10.1.1.0/24. The Switch can then
be configured to group incoming traffic based on the source IP subnet of incoming frames.
You configure a subnet based VLAN with priority 6 and VID of 100 for traffic received from
IP subnet 172.16.1.0/24 (voice services). You also have a subnet based VLAN with priority 5
and VID of 200 for traffic received from IP subnet 192.168.1.0/24 (video services). Lastly,
you configure VLAN with priority 3 and VID of 300 for traffic received from IP subnet
10.1.1.0/24 (data services). All untagged incoming frames will be classified based on their
source IP subnet and prioritized accordingly. That is video services receive the highest priority
and data the lowest.
Figure 36 Subnet Based VLAN Application Example
Tagged Frames
Internet
Untagged
Frames
172.16.1.0/24
VID = 100
192.168.1.0/24
VID = 200
10.1.1.0/24
VID = 300
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Chapter 8 VLAN
8.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN
Click Subnet Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration
screen as shown.
" Subnet based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only when
you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Check this box to activate this subnet based VLANs on the Switch.
DHCP-Vlan
Override
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Active Check this box to activate the IP subnet VLAN you are creating or editing.
Name Enter up to 32 alpha numeric characters to identify this subnet based VLAN.
IP Enter the IP address of the subnet for which you want to configure this subnet based
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When DHCP snooping is enabled DHCP clients can renew their IP address through
the DHCP VLAN or via another DHCP server on the subnet based VLAN.
Select this checkbox to force the DHCP clients in this IP subnet to obtain their IP
addresses through the DHCP VLAN.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
VLAN.
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Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mask-Bits Enter the bit number of the subnet mask. To find the bit number, convert the subnet
VID Enter the ID of a VLAN with which the untagged frames from the IP subnet specified in
Priority Select the priority level that the Switch assigns to frames belonging to this VLAN.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index This is the index number identifying this subnet based VLAN. Click on any of these
Active This field shows whether the subnet based VLAN is active or not.
Name This field shows the name the subnet based VLAN.
IP This field shows the IP address of the subnet for this subnet based VLAN.
Mask-Bits This field shows the subnet mask in bit number format for this subnet based VLAN.
VID This field shows the VLAN ID of the frames which belong to this subnet based VLAN.
Priority This field shows the priority which is assigned to frames belonging to this subnet
Delete Click this to delete the subnet based VLANs which you marked for deletion.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
mask to binary format and add all the 1’s together. Take “255.255.255.0” for example.
255 converts to eight 1s in binary. There are three 255s, so add three eights together
and you get the bit number (24).
this subnet based VLAN are tagged. This must be an existing VLAN which you
defined in the Advanced Applications, VLAN screens.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
numbers to edit an existing subnet based VLAN.
based VLAN.
8.8 Protocol Based VLANs
Protocol based VLANs allow you to group traffic into logical VLANs based on the protocol
you specify. When an upstream frame is received on a port (configured for a protocol based
VLAN), the Switch checks if a tag is added already and its protocol. The untagged packets of
the same protocol are then placed in the same protocol based VLAN. One advantage of using
protocol based VLANs is that priority can be assigned to traffic of the same protocol.
" Protocol based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only
when you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.
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For example, port 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to static VLAN 100, and port 4, 5, 6, 7 belong to static
VLAN 120. You configure a protocol based VLAN A with priority 3 for ARP traffic received
on port 1, 2 and 3. You also have a protocol based VLAN B with priority 2 for Apple Talk
traffic received on port 6 and 7. All upstream ARP traffic from port 1, 2 and 3 will be grouped
together, and all upstream Apple Talk traffic from port 6 and 7 will be in another group and
have higher priority than ARP traffic, when they go through the uplink port to a backbone
switch C.
Figure 38 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example
8.9 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN
Click Protocol Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration
screen as shown.
" Protocol-based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only
when you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.
Figure 39 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 19 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Check this box to activate this protocol based VLAN.
Port Type a port to be included in this protocol based VLAN.
Name Enter up to 32 alpha numeric characters to identify this protocol based VLAN.
Ethernet-type Use the drop down list box to select a predefined protocol to be included in this
VID Enter the ID of a VLAN to which the port belongs. This must be an existing VLAN
Priority Select the priority level that the Switch will assign to frames belonging to this VLAN.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index This is the index number identifying this protocol based VLAN. Click on any of these
Active This field shows whether the protocol based VLAN is active or not.
Port This field shows which port belongs to this protocol based VLAN.
Name This field shows the name the protocol based VLAN.
Ethernet Type This field shows which Ethernet protocol is part of this protocol based VLAN.
VID This field shows the VLAN ID of the port.
Priority This field shows the priority which is assigned to frames belonging to this protocol
Delete Click this to delete the protocol based VLANs which you marked for deletion.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
This port must belong to a static VLAN in order to participate in a protocol based
VLAN. See Chapter 8 on page 89 for more details on setting up VLANs.
protocol based VLAN or select Others and type the protocol number in hexadecimal
notation. For example the IP protocol in hexadecimal notation is 0800, and Novell IPX
protocol is 8137.
Note: Protocols in the hexadecimal number range of 0x0000 to 0x05ff
are not allowed to be used for protocol based VLANs.
which you defined in the Advanced Applications, VLAN screens.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
numbers to edit an existing protocol based VLAN.
based VLAN.
8.10 Create an IP-based VLAN Example
This example shows you how to create an IP VLAN which includes ports 1, 4 and 8. Follow
these steps:
1 Activate this protocol based VLAN.
2 Type the port number you want to include in this protocol based VLAN. Type 1.
3 Give this protocol-based VLAN a descriptive name. Type IP-VLAN.
4 Select the protocol. Leave the default value IP.
5 Type the VLAN ID of an existing VLAN. In our example we already created a static
VLAN with an ID of 5. Type 5.
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