ZyXEL ES-2108 User Guide

ES-2108 Series

Ethernet Switch

User’s Guide

Version 3.70

8/2006

Edition 1

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or
software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the
patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products
described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.

Trademarks

ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL
Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for
identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.

Copyright 3

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operations.

FCC Warning

This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment. This device generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of
this device in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Certifications

CE Mark Warning:

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference
in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A
Warning:

Notices

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

Viewing Certifications

1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com.

4 Certifications

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that

product's page.

3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

Certifications 5

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.

• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.

• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.

• Do NOT store things on the device.

• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.

• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.

• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.

• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.

• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.

• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.

• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).

• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.

• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.

• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.

• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.

• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.

• CAUTION: RISK OF EXPLOSION IF BATTERY (on the motherboard) IS REPLACED
BY AN INCORRECT TYPE. DISPOSE OF USED BATTERIES ACCORDING TO
THE INSTRUCTIONS. Dispose them at the applicable collection point for the recycling
of electrical and electronic equipment. For detailed information about recycling of this
product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or
the store where you purchased the product.

• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.

Safety Warnings

6 Safety Warnings

This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Safety Warnings 7

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects
in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During
the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure
due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the
defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever
extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating
condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent
product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty
shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.

Note

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the
purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in
no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.

To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return
Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is
recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of
purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of
ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products
will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty
gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to
country.

Registration

Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information
at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

8 ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Customer Support

Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.

• Product model and serial number.

• Warranty Information.

• Date that you received your device.

• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

METHOD

LOCATION

CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
(WORLDWIDE)

COSTA RICA

CZECH REPUBLIC

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY

HUNGARY

KAZAKHSTAN

NORTH AMERICA

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.com

www.europe.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.com

ftp.europe.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.co.cr ZyXEL Costa Rica

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.co.cr

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary

[e-mail] [phone]

http://zyxel.kz/support [phone] www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] 1-800-255-4101

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.us.zyxel.com

www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.

REGULAR MAIL

ZyXEL Communications Corp.
6 Innovation Road II

Science Park
Hsinchu 300
Ta iw a n

Plaza Roble Escazú
Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso
San José, Costa Rica

Czech s.r.o.
Modranská 621
143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany
Ceská Republika

Columbusvej
2860 Soeborg
Denmark

Malminkaari 10
00700 Helsinki
Finland

1 rue des Vergers
Bat. 1 / C
69760 Limonest
France

Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146
Wuerselen
Germany

48, Zoldlomb Str.
H-1025, Budapest
Hungary

43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414
Dostyk Business Centre
050010, Almaty
Republic of Kazakhstan

1130 N. Miller St.
Anaheim
CA 92806-2001
U.S.A.

Customer Support 9

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

METHOD

LOCATION

NORWAY

POLAND

RUSSIA

SPAIN

SWEDEN

UKRAINE

UNITED KINGDOM

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications

[phone]

http://zyxel.ru/support [phone] www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone]

08707 555779 (UK only)

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.co.uk

www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK

REGULAR MAIL

Nils Hansens vei 13
0667 Oslo
Norway

ul. Okrzei 1A
03-715 Warszawa
Poland

Ostrovityanova 37a Str.
Moscow, 117279
Russia

Arte, 21 5ª planta
28033 Madrid
Spain

Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg
Sweden

13, Pimonenko Str.
Kiev, 04050
Ukraine

Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)

+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.

10 Customer Support

ES-2108 User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Copyright ..................................................................................................................3

Certifications ............................................................................................................4

Safety Warnings ....................................................................................................... 6

ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 8

Customer Support.................................................................................................... 9

Table of Contents ................................................................................................... 11

List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 21

List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 25

Preface ....................................................................................................................29

Chapter 1

Getting to Know Your Switch ................................................................................ 31

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................31

1.2 Software Features ..............................................................................................31

1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................33

1.4 Applications ........................................................................................................34

1.4.1 Backbone Application ...............................................................................34

1.4.2 Bridging Example ......................................................................................35

1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example ......................................................35

1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ...............................................36

1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ..............................................................36

1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ........................................................37

Chapter 2

Hardware Installation and Connection................................................................. 39

2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................39

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .........................................................................40

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................40

2.2.1.1 Precautions ....................................................................................40

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................40

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................40

2.3 Wall-mounting Installation ..................................................................................41

Table of Contents 11

ES-2108 User’s Guide

Chapter 3

Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 43

3.1 Front Panel Connection ....................................................................................43

3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................47

3.3 LEDs ..............................................................................................................47

Chapter 4

The Web Configurator............................................................................................ 49

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................49

4.2 System Login ..................................................................................................49

4.3 The Status Screen .........................................................................................50

4.4 Saving Your Configuration ..................................................................................54

4.5 Switch Lockout ..................................................................................................55

4.6 Resetting the Switch .......................................................................................55

4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ...............................................................56

4.8 Help ..................................................................................................................56

3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................44

3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ...........................................................................................44

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................45

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slot .........................................................................................45

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................45

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ...................................................................46

3.1.4 100 Base-FX Fiber-Optic Port ..................................................................46

3.2.1 Power Connector ......................................................................................47

4.3.1 Change Your Password ...........................................................................54

4.6.1 Reload the Factory-default Configuration File ........................................55

Chapter 5

Initial Setup Example ............................................................................................. 57

5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................57

5.1.1 Creating a VLAN .......................................................................................57

5.1.2 Setting Port VID ........................................................................................58

5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ...........................................59

Chapter 6

System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 61

6.1 Port Status Overview ......................................................................................61

6.1.1 Status: Port Details ...............................................................................63

Chapter 7

Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 69

7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................69

7.2 System Information ........................................................................................69

12 Table of Contents

ES-2108 User’s Guide

7.3 General Setup ...............................................................................................71

7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................73

7.5 Switch Setup Screen .......................................................................................74

7.6 IP Setup ..........................................................................................................75

7.6.1 Management IP Addresses ......................................................................76

7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................78

Chapter 8

VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 81

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN ..................................................81

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ..............................................81

8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ...........................................................................82

8.2.1 GARP ........................................................................................................82

8.2.1.1 GARP Timers .................................................................................82

8.2.2 GVRP ........................................................................................................82

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking .........................................................................................83

8.4 Select the VLAN Type .......................................................................................83

8.5 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................84

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ....................................................................................84

8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ...................................................................................85

8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................85

8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ...............................................................87

8.6 Port Based VLAN Setup ................................................................................89

8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ..................................................................89

Chapter 9

Static MAC Forwarding.......................................................................................... 93

9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................93

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ..............................................................93

Chapter 10

Filtering ................................................................................................................... 97

10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule .............................................................................97

Chapter 11

Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................................... 99

11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ......................................................................................99

11.1.1 STP Terminology ....................................................................................99

11.1.2 How STP Works ...................................................................................100

11.1.3 STP Port States ...................................................................................100

11.2 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .......................................................100

11.3 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ....................................................102

Table of Contents 13

ES-2108 User’s Guide

Chapter 12

Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................... 105

12.1 Bandwidth Control Setup ..............................................................................105

Chapter 13

Broadcast Storm Control..................................................................................... 107

13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup .....................................................................107

Chapter 14

Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 109

14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ......................................................................................109

Chapter 15

Link Aggregation...................................................................................................111

15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ........................................................................... 111

15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ........................................................................... 111

15.3 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ..................................................... 112

15.4 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................ 113

15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID .............................................................................112

Chapter 16

Port Authentication.............................................................................................. 115

16.1 Port Authentication Overview ........................................................................115

16.1.1 RADIUS ............................................................................................... 115

16.1.1.1 Vendor Specific Attribute .............................................................115

16.1.1.2 Tunnel Protocol Attribute ............................................................. 116

16.2 Port Authentication Configuration ..................................................................116

16.2.1 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................ 117

16.2.2 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................... 117

Chapter 17

Port Security......................................................................................................... 119

17.1 Port Security Overview ..................................................................................119

17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................ 119

17.3 Port Security Example ....................................................................................121

Chapter 18

Queuing Method................................................................................................... 123

18.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................123

18.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) ...............................................................123

18.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ..........................................123

18.2 Configuring Queuing Method .........................................................................124

14 Table of Contents

ES-2108 User’s Guide

Chapter 19

Multicast................................................................................................................ 125

19.1 Multicast Overview ........................................................................................125

19.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses .........................................................................125

19.1.2 IGMP Filtering .......................................................................................125

19.1.3 IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................125

19.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................126

19.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................126

19.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ....................................................................................128

19.5 MVR Overview ..............................................................................................130

19.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ..............................................................................130

19.5.2 MVR Modes ..........................................................................................130

19.5.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................131

19.6 General MVR Configuration ...........................................................................131

19.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................133

19.7.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................135

Chapter 20

Static Route .......................................................................................................... 137

20.1 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................137

Chapter 21

Differentiated Services ........................................................................................ 139

21.1 DiffServ Overview .........................................................................................139

21.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ..............................................................139

21.1.2 DiffServ Network Example ...................................................................139

21.2 Activating DiffServ .........................................................................................140

21.3 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping Settings .......................................141

21.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings ..................................................................141

Chapter 22

Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 143

22.1 The Maintenance Screen ..............................................................................143

22.2 Load Factory Default .....................................................................................144

22.3 Save Configuration .........................................................................................144

22.4 Reboot System ..............................................................................................145

22.5 Firmware Upgrade ......................................................................................145

22.6 Restore a Configuration File ........................................................................145

22.7 Backup Configuration File ............................................................................146

22.8 FTP Command Line .......................................................................................146

22.8.1 Filename Conventions .........................................................................147

22.8.1.1 Example FTP Commands ...........................................................147

22.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ...........................................................147

Table of Contents 15

ES-2108 User’s Guide

Chapter 23

Access Control..................................................................................................... 149

23.1 Access Control Overview ...........................................................................149

23.2 The Access Control Main Screen ...................................................................149

23.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................150

23.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ..........................................................................152

23.5 SSH Overview ................................................................................................153

23.6 How SSH works .............................................................................................154

23.7 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................155

23.8 Introduction to HTTPS ....................................................................................156

23.9 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................157

23.10 Service Port Access Control .....................................................................159

23.11 Remote Management ................................................................................160

22.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .........................................................................148

22.8.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................148

23.3.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................151

23.3.2 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................151

23.3.3 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................151

23.7.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................155

23.7.2 SSH Login Example ..............................................................................155

23.9.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ...................................................157

23.9.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ...............................................158

23.9.3 The Main Screen ..................................................................................159

Chapter 24

Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 163

24.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................163

Chapter 25

Syslog ................................................................................................................... 165

25.1 Syslog Overview ............................................................................................165

25.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................165

25.3 Syslog Server Setup .....................................................................................166

Chapter 26

Cluster Management............................................................................................ 169

26.1 Clustering Management Status Overview .....................................................169

26.2 Clustering Management Status .....................................................................170

26.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ..................................................171

26.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .....................171

26.3 Clustering Management Configuration .........................................................172

16 Table of Contents

ES-2108 User’s Guide

Chapter 27

MAC Table ............................................................................................................. 175

27.1 MAC Table Overview .....................................................................................175

27.2 Viewing the MAC Table .................................................................................176

Chapter 28

ARP Table.............................................................................................................. 177

28.1 ARP Table Overview .....................................................................................177

28.1.1 How ARP Works ...................................................................................177

28.2 Viewing the ARP Table ..................................................................................177

Chapter 29

Configure Clone ................................................................................................... 179

29.1 Configure Clone Settings ..............................................................................179

Chapter 30

Introducing Commands...................................................................................... 181

30.1 Overview ........................................................................................................181

30.2 Accessing the CLI ..........................................................................................181

30.2.1 The Console Port ..................................................................................181

30.2.1.1 Initial Screen ...............................................................................182

30.3 The Login Screen ..........................................................................................182

30.4 Command Syntax Conventions ......................................................................182

30.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................183

30.6 Privilege Levels ..............................................................................................183

30.7 Command Modes ...........................................................................................184

30.8 Getting Help ...................................................................................................185

30.8.1 List of Available Commands .................................................................186

30.9 Using Command History ................................................................................187

30.10 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................187

30.10.1 Switch Configuration File ....................................................................187

30.10.2 Logging Out ........................................................................................188

30.11 Command Summary ....................................................................................188

30.11.1 User Mode ..........................................................................................188

30.11.2 Enable Mode .......................................................................................189

30.11.3 General Configuration Mode ...............................................................194

30.11.4 interface port-channel Commands ......................................................204

30.11.5 config-vlan Commands .......................................................................207

30.11.6 mvr Commands ...................................................................................208

Chapter 31

User and Enable Mode Commands ................................................................... 211

31.1 Overview ........................................................................................................211

Table of Contents 17

ES-2108 User’s Guide

31.2 show Commands ........................................................................................... 211

31.3 ping ...............................................................................................................214

31.4 traceroute .......................................................................................................214

31.5 Copy Port Attributes .......................................................................................215

Chapter 32

Configuration Mode Commands......................................................................... 217

32.1 Enabling IGMP Snooping ...............................................................................217

32.2 Configure IGMP Filter ....................................................................................218

32.3 Enabling STP .................................................................................................219

32.4 no Command Examples .................................................................................220

32.5 Queuing Method Commands .........................................................................223

32.6 Static Route Commands ................................................................................224

32.7 Enabling MAC Filtering ..................................................................................225

32.8 Enabling Trunking ..........................................................................................226

32.9 Enabling Port Authentication ..........................................................................226

31.2.1 show system-information ..................................................................... 211

31.2.2 show ip ..................................................................................................212

31.2.3 show logging ........................................................................................212

31.2.4 show interface ......................................................................................212

31.2.5 show mac address-table ......................................................................213

31.5.1 Resetting to the Factory Default ...........................................................216

32.4.1 Disable Commands .............................................................................220

32.4.2 Resetting Commands ...........................................................................221

32.4.3 Re-enable commands ...........................................................................221

32.4.4 Other Examples of no Commands ........................................................221

32.4.4.1 no trunk .......................................................................................222

32.4.4.2 no port-access-authenticator .......................................................222

32.4.4.3 no ssh ..........................................................................................223

32.9.1 RADIUS Server Settings .......................................................................226

32.9.2 Port Authentication Settings .................................................................227

Chapter 33

Interface Commands............................................................................................ 229

33.1 Overview ........................................................................................................229

33.2 Interface Command Examples .......................................................................229

33.2.1 interface port-channel ..........................................................................229

33.2.2 broadcast/multicast storm control ........................................................229

33.2.3 bandwidth-limit .....................................................................................230

33.2.4 mirror ...................................................................................................231

33.2.5 gvrp ......................................................................................................231

33.2.6 frame-type ............................................................................................232

33.2.7 egress set ............................................................................................232

18 Table of Contents

ES-2108 User’s Guide

33.2.8 qos priority ............................................................................................233

33.2.9 name .....................................................................................................233

33.2.10 speed-duplex ......................................................................................234

33.2.11 test ......................................................................................................234

33.3 Interface no Command Examples ..................................................................235

33.3.1 no bandwidth-limit .................................................................................235

Chapter 34

IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 237

34.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ..............................................................................237

34.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................238

34.2.1 GARP Status .........................................................................................238

34.2.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................238

34.2.3 GVRP Timer .........................................................................................239

34.2.4 Enable GVRP .......................................................................................239

34.2.5 Disable GVRP .......................................................................................239

34.3 Port VLAN Commands ...................................................................................239

34.3.1 Set Port VID .........................................................................................240

34.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type .................................................................240

34.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ...............................................................240

34.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ..............................................................................241

34.3.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ..........................................241

34.3.4.2 Forwarding Process Example .....................................................241

34.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ....................................................................................242

34.4 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................242

34.5 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................243

34.6 Show VLAN Setting .......................................................................................243

Chapter 35

Multicast VLAN Registration Commands .......................................................... 245

35.1 Overview ........................................................................................................245

35.2 Create Multicast VLAN .................................................................................245

Chapter 36

Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 247

36.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ....................................................................247

36.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .....................................................................247

36.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................248

36.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................248

36.2.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................251

36.2.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................252

36.3 Problems with the Password ..........................................................................253

Table of Contents 19

ES-2108 User’s Guide

Appendix A

Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 255

Appendix B

IP Addresses and Subnetting ............................................................................. 259

Index...................................................................................................................... 267

20 Table of Contents

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................. 35

Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................35

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application ................................................. 36

Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ...................................................................37

Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................... 37

Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ............................................................................ 39

Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets .............................................................40

Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................. 41

Figure 9 Front Panel: ES-2108 .............................................................................. 43

Figure 10 Front Panel: ES-2108-G/ES-2108PWR ............................................... 43

Figure 11 Front Panel: ES-2108-LC ..................................................................... 43

Figure 12 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................... 46

Figure 13 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................46

Figure 14 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................ 46

Figure 15 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................. 46

Figure 16 Rear Panel ............................................................................................ 47

Figure 17 Web Configurator: Login ........................................................................ 50

Figure 18 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 50

Figure 19 Change Administrator Login Password ................................................. 54

Figure 20 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................... 56

Figure 21 Web Configurator: Logout Screen .........................................................56

Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................... 57

Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................... 59

Figure 24 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................... 60

Figure 25 Status (ES-2108PWR) .......................................................................... 61

Figure 26 Status (ES-2108-G) .............................................................................. 62

Figure 27 Status: Port Details (ES-2108PWR) ...................................................... 64

Figure 28 Status: Port Details (ES-2108-G) ........................................................... 65

Figure 29 System Info (ES-2108PWR) .................................................................. 70

Figure 30 System Info (ES-2108-G) ...................................................................... 70

Figure 31 General Setup ....................................................................................... 72

Figure 32 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 74

Figure 33 IP Setup .................................................................................................76

Figure 34 Port Setup (ES-2108PWR) .................................................................... 78

Figure 35 Port Setup (ES-2108-G) ........................................................................ 79

Figure 36 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................... 83

Figure 37 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 84

Figure 38 VLAN: VLAN Status ............................................................................... 84

List of Figures 21

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 39 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................85

Figure 40 VLAN: Static VLAN ...............................................................................86

Figure 41 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ...................................................................... 88

Figure 42 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 90

Figure 43 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ...............................................91

Figure 44 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................... 94

Figure 45 Filtering .................................................................................................. 97

Figure 46 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................. 101

Figure 47 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ..................................................102

Figure 48 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................105

Figure 49 Broadcast Storm Control .......................................................................107

Figure 50 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 109

Figure 51 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................. 112

Figure 52 Link Aggregation: Configuration ............................................................ 113

Figure 53 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 115

Figure 54 Port Authentication ................................................................................117

Figure 55 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................117

Figure 56 Port Authentication: 802.1x ...................................................................118

Figure 57 Port Security .......................................................................................... 120

Figure 58 Port Security Example ........................................................................... 121

Figure 59 Queuing Method .................................................................................... 124

Figure 60 Multicast Status. ..................................................................................... 126

Figure 61 Multicast Setting .....................................................................................127

Figure 62 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................ 129

Figure 63 MVR Network Example ......................................................................... 130

Figure 64 MVR Multicast Television Example ....................................................... 131

Figure 65 MVR ...................................................................................................... 132

Figure 66 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................... 134

Figure 67 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................135

Figure 68 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................135

Figure 69 MVR Group Configuration Example ..................................................... 136

Figure 70 MVR Group Configuration Example ...................................................... 136

Figure 71 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 137

Figure 72 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .....................................................139

Figure 73 DiffServ Network Example ..................................................................... 140

Figure 74 DiffServ .................................................................................................. 140

Figure 75 DiffServ: DSCP Setting .......................................................................... 142

Figure 76 Maintenance ......................................................................................... 143

Figure 77 Load Factory Default: Confirmation ....................................................... 144

Figure 78 Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................ 145

Figure 79 Restore Configuration .......................................................................... 146

Figure 80 Backup Configuration ............................................................................146

Figure 81 Access Control ...................................................................................... 149

22 List of Figures

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 82 SNMP Management Model .................................................................. 150

Figure 83 Access Control: SNMP .......................................................................... 152

Figure 84 Access Control: Logins ..........................................................................153

Figure 85 SSH Communication Example ............................................................... 154

Figure 86 How SSH Works ..................................................................................... 154

Figure 87 SSH Login Example .............................................................................. 156

Figure 88 HTTPS Implementation ..........................................................................157

Figure 89 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) .......................................... 158

Figure 90 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ............................................................ 158

Figure 91 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ............................................................ 159

Figure 92 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection ......................................159

Figure 93 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................... 160

Figure 94 Access Control: Remote Management .................................................. 161

Figure 95 Diagnostic ..............................................................................................163

Figure 96 Syslog .................................................................................................... 166

Figure 97 Syslog: Server Setup .............................................................................167

Figure 98 Clustering Application Example ............................................................. 169

Figure 99 Clustering Management: Status ............................................................ 170

Figure 100 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ...... 171

Figure 101 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ...............172

Figure 102 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................... 173

Figure 103 MAC Table Flowchart ..........................................................................175

Figure 104 MAC Table ...........................................................................................176

Figure 105 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 178

Figure 106 Configure Clone .................................................................................. 179

Figure 107 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ..............................223

Figure 108 Pop-up Blocker ..................................................................................... 249

Figure 109 Internet Options ................................................................................... 249

Figure 110 Internet Options .................................................................................... 250

Figure 111 Pop-up Blocker Settings ....................................................................... 250

Figure 112 Internet Options .................................................................................... 251

Figure 113 Security Settings - Java Scripting ......................................................... 252

Figure 114 Security Settings - Java ........................................................................252

Figure 115 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................253

List of Figures 23

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

24 List of Figures

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

List of Tables

Table 1 Model Specific Features ............................................................................ 31

Table 2 Front Panel ............................................................................................... 44

Table 3 LEDs ......................................................................................................... 47

Table 4 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 51

Table 5 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................. 52

Table 6 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 52

Table 7 Status ........................................................................................................62

Table 8 Status: Port Details ....................................................................................65

Table 9 System Info ............................................................................................... 70

Table 10 General Setup ......................................................................................... 72

Table 11 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 74

Table 12 IP Setup .................................................................................................. 76

Table 13 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 79

Table 14 IEEE 802.1q Terminology ....................................................................... 82

Table 15 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................84

Table 16 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................. 85

Table 17 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 86

Table 18 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 88

Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 91

Table 20 Static MAC Forwarding ...........................................................................94

Table 21 FIltering ................................................................................................... 97

Table 22 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 99

Table 23 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 100

Table 24 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................... 101

Table 25 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................... 102

Table 26 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................... 105

Table 27 Broadcast Storm Control .........................................................................107

Table 28 Mirroring ..................................................................................................109

Table 29 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ..........................................................112

Table 30 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ...........................................................112

Table 31 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................... 112

Table 32 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ...................................113

Table 33 Supported VSA .......................................................................................116

Table 34 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ....................................................... 116

Table 35 Port Authentication: RADIUS ..................................................................117

Table 36 Port Authentication: 802.1x ..................................................................... 118

Table 37 Port Security ...........................................................................................120

Table 38 Port Security Example ............................................................................ 121

List of Tables 25

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 39 Physical Queue Priority ........................................................................... 123

Table 40 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 124

Table 41 Multicast Status ....................................................................................... 126

Table 42 Multicast Setting ...................................................................................... 127

Table 43 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile .............................................................. 129

Table 44 MVR ........................................................................................................ 132

Table 45 MVR: Group Configuration ......................................................................134

Table 46 Static Routing .......................................................................................... 137

Table 47 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 140

Table 48 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 141

Table 49 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ...........................................................................142

Table 50 Maintenance ........................................................................................... 143

Table 51 Filename Conventions ............................................................................147

Table 52 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .....................................148

Table 53 Access Control Overview ........................................................................ 149

Table 54 SNMP Commands ..................................................................................150

Table 55 SNMP Traps ............................................................................................ 151

Table 56 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 152

Table 57 Access Control: Logins ...........................................................................153

Table 58 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................. 160

Table 59 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 161

Table 60 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 163

Table 61 Syslog Severity Levels ............................................................................ 165

Table 62 Syslog ..................................................................................................... 166

Table 63 Syslog: Server Setup ..............................................................................167

Table 64 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .......................................169

Table 65 Clustering Management: Status ..............................................................170

Table 66 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 172

Table 67 Clustering Management Configuration ...................................................173

Table 68 MAC Table ..............................................................................................176

Table 69 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 178

Table 70 Configure Clone ...................................................................................... 179

Table 71 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ................................................... 184

Table 72 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 188

Table 73 Command Summary: Enable Mode ........................................................ 189

Table 74 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .............................................. 194

Table 75 interface port-channel Commands .......................................................... 204

Table 76 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 207

Table 77 mvr Commands ....................................................................................... 208

Table 78 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch .......................................... 247

Table 79 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................... 247

Table 80 Troubleshooting the Password ................................................................ 253

Table 81 General Product Specifications ...............................................................255

26 List of Tables

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 82 Management Specifications .................................................................... 256

Table 83 Physical and Environmental Specifications ............................................. 257

Table 84 Classes of IP Addresses ......................................................................... 260

Table 85 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ...................................................... 260

Table 86 “Natural” Masks ...................................................................................... 261

Table 87 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ........................................................... 261

Table 88 Two Subnets Example ............................................................................262

Table 89 Subnet 1 .................................................................................................. 262

Table 90 Subnet 2 .................................................................................................. 263

Table 91 Subnet 1 .................................................................................................. 263

Table 92 Subnet 2 .................................................................................................. 264

Table 93 Subnet 3 .................................................................................................. 264

Table 94 Subnet 4 .................................................................................................. 264

Table 95 Eight Subnets .......................................................................................... 265

Table 96 Class C Subnet Planning ........................................................................ 265

Table 97 Class B Subnet Planning ........................................................................266

List of Tables 27

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

28 List of Tables

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the ES-2108 Series Ethernet Switch.

This preface introduces you to the ES-2108 Series Ethernet Switch and discusses the
conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.

About This User's Guide

This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
ES-2108 Series for its various applications.

Related Documentation

• Web Configurator Online Help

Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.

• ZyXEL Web Site

Please go to http://www.zyxel.com for product news, firmware, updated documents, and
other support materials.

Syntax Conventions

• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.

• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;

• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “In Windows, click
Start, Settings and then Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point
your mouse pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.

• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.

• The ES-2108 Series may be referred to as “the ES-2108”, “the switch”, or “the device” in
this User’s Guide.

[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.

[ENTER] means the Enter, or

Preface 29

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Graphics Icons Key

ES-2108 Series Computer Server

Computer DSLAM Gateway

Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch

User Guide Feedback

Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to [e-mail] or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.

30 Preface

Getting to Know Your Switch

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.

1.1 Introduction

This user’s guide covers the following switch models: ES-2108, ES-2108-LC, ES-2108-G and
ES-2108PWR. The following table lists features that are specific to the individual models. The
other features discussed in this chapter are common to all of the models covered in this User’s
Guide.

Note: See the product specifications in the appendix for detailed features and

standards support.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 1

Table 1 Model Specific Features

MODEL
FEATURE

Dual personality interface: a 1000 Base-T copper
RJ-45 port and a Small Form-Factor Pluggable
(SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time

Mini-GBIC Port X

100 Base-FX Fiber-Optic Port X

IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet compliant
Ethernet Ports

Fan-less design XXX

With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, SSH (Secure SHell), any terminal emulator
program on the console port, or third-party SNMP management.

ES-2108 ES-2108-LC ES-2108-G ES-2108PWR

XX

1.2 Software Features

This section describes the general software features of the switch.

X

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 31

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

DHCP Client

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP client to obtain TCP/IP information (such as the IP address and subnet
mask) from a DHCP server. If you disable the DHCP service, you must manually enter the
TCP/IP information.

VLAN

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

Differentiated Services (DiffServ)

With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at
DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic
flow.

Queuing

Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Round
Robin (WRR). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each
individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.

Port Mirroring

Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.

Static Route

Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.

IGMP Snooping

The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast traffic
passing through your switch.

32 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)

(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.

Link Aggregation

Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.

Port Authentication and Security

For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.

Maintenance and Management Features

• Access Control

You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.

• Cluster Management

Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.

• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance

You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.

1.3 Hardware Features

This section describes the ports on the switch.

Ethernet Ports

Connect computers or switches to the 10/100 Mbps auto-negotiating, automatic cable sensing
(auto-MDIX) Ethernet RJ-45 ports.

Gigabit Ethernet Port

Available on the ES-2108-G and ES-2108PWR, the port allows the switch to connect to
another WAN switch.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 33

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Mini-GBIC Slot

Install SPF transceivers in this slot to connect to other Ethernet switches at longer distances
than the Ethernet port.

Console Port

Use the console port for local management of the switch.

PoE (Power over Ethernet)

The ES-2108PWR can provide power to a device (that supports PoE) such as an access point
or a switch through a 10/100Mbps Ethernet port.

1.4 Applications

This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.

1.4.1 Backbone Application

In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.

The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.

In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.

34 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Figure 1 Backbone Application

1.4.2 Bridging Example

In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server

and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

For ES-2108G, you can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a Gigabit Ethernet/
mini-GBIC port on the switch.

Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.

Figure 2 Bridging Application

1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example

The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 35

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application

1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples

This section shows a workgroup and a shared server example using 802.1Q tagged VLANs.

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.

For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8, “VLAN” on page 81.

1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example

Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.

36 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application

1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example

Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 37

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

38 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Hardware Installation and

This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.

2.1 Freestanding Installation

1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.

2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the

switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.

3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the

attachment of cables and the power cord.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 2

Connection

4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.

5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help

protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.

Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet

Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when

stacking.

For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 39

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements

• Two mounting brackets.

• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.

2.2.1.1 Precautions

• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.

• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch

1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on

the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.

Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the switch.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the

switch.

4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the

rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.

40 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the rack.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.

2.3 Wall-mounting Installation

Do the following to hang your switch on a wall.

Note: See the product specifications appendix for the size of screws (not included) to

use and how far apart to place them.

1 Locate a high position on wall that is free of obstructions. Use a sturdy wall.

2 Drill two holes for the screws (not included). Make sure the distance between the centers

of the holes matches what is listed in the product specifications appendix.

Note: Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when

drilling holes for the screws.

3 Do not screw the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm

between the heads of the screws and the wall.

4 Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the

switch with the connection cables.

5 Align the holes on the back of the switch with the screws on the wall. Hang the switch on

the screws.

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 41

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

42 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Hardware Overview

This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.

3.1 Front Panel Connection

The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.

Figure 9 Front Panel: ES-2108

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 3

Console Port

10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports

Figure 10 Front Panel: ES-2108-G/ES-2108PWR

Console Port

10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports

Figure 11 Front Panel: ES-2108-LC

RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC
Dual Personality Interfaces

100 Base-FX Fiber-Optic Port

Console Port

10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 43

Mini-GBIC Port

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.

Table 2 Front Panel

PORT DESCRIPTION

All Models

CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line

Eight 10/100
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports

ES-2108-LC

Mini-GBIC Port Use a mini-GBIC transceiver in this slot for fiber-optic connections to backbone

100 Base-FX
Fiber-Optic
Port

ES-2108-G / ES-2108PWR

Dual
Personality
Interface

100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit Port

Mini-GBIC
Ports

ES-2108PWR

Power over
Ethernet

interface (CLI) via the console port.

Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.

Ethernet switches.

This is a 100-Base FX fiber-optic module and is only available on the ES-2108-LC.
Use the fiber optic cable to connect this uplink port to a backbone Ethernet switch.

This interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.

Connect this Gigabit Ethernet port to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches.

Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.

The 8 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet ports are compliant with the IEEE 802.3af power
over Ethernet standard.

3.1.1 Console Port

For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:

• VT100 terminal emulation

• 9600 bps

• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit

• No flow control

Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.

3.1.2 Ethernet Ports

The switch has Eight 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/
100Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10Mbps or 100Mbps and the duplex mode can be
half duplex or full duplex.

44 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

The ES-2108-G and ES-2108PWR also come with a Gigabit/mini-GBIC port each. The mini­GBIC port has priority over the Gigabit port. This means that if the mini-GBIC port and the
corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
The speed of the Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the
duplex mode can be half duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.

An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (10/100Mpbs)
and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.

An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings

The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:

• Speed: Auto

• Duplex: Auto

• Flow control: off

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slot

This is a slot for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.

There is one Gigabit Ethernet and mini-GBIC port each. The mini-GBIC port has priority over
the Gigabit port. This means that if the mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port are
connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.

You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.

• Type: SFP connection interface

• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)

Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s

connectors.

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation

Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 45

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 12 Transceiver Installation Example

2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.

3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that

it is functioning properly.

Figure 13 Installed Transceiver

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal

Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).

Figure 14 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example

2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.

Figure 15 Transceiver Removal Example

3.1.4 100 Base-FX Fiber-Optic Port

This 100 Base-FX fiber-optic port is only available on the ES-2108-LC.

46 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look directly into a module’s fiber-optic

connectors. Keep the dust cover on a fiber-optic module until you connect it.

You may need to clean the fiber-optic cable’s connectors with a cotton swab
dipped in alcohol.

• Type: Fiber-optic

• Wavelength: 1310 +/- 50 nm

• Multi-mode

• Dual LC connectors

• Connection distance: Up to 2km

3.2 Rear Panel

The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The power receptacle is on the rear
panel.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 16 Rear Panel

3.2.1 Power Connector

Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.

To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to the power
source. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.

3.3 LEDs

The following table describes the LEDs.

Table 3 LEDs

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

PWR Green On The system is turned on.

Off The system is off.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 47

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 3 LEDs (continued)

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.

ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.

1 - 8
(Ethernet
ports) (ES­2108, ES­2108-G
and ES­2108-LC)

1 - 8
(Ethernet
ports) (ES­2108PWR
only)

100/1000 Green On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

LNK/ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.

LNK (mini­GBIC Slot)

ACT (mini
GBIC Slot)

LNK (100
FX)

ACT (100
FX)

Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10 Mbps Ethernet

Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet

Green On The switch is supplying power to the connected device that

Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10/100 Mbps

Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Green On The port has a successful connection.

Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.

Green On The port has a successful connection.

Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.

On The system is on and functioning properly.

Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.

Off The system is functioning normally.

network.

On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

network.

On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

supports PoE.

Off No device is connected to this port or the switch is not supplying

power via the Ethernet cable.

Ethernet network.

On The link to a 10/100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

On The port has a connection to an Ethernet network but not

receiving or transmitting data.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.

Off The port is not sending or receiving data.

Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.

Off The port is not sending or receiving data.

48 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator. This guide
uses the ES-2108PWR screenshots as an example. The screens may vary slightly for different
ES-2108 models. Not all fields are available on all models.

4.1 Introduction

The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.

In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 4

The Web Configurator

• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.

• Java Script (enabled by default).

• Java permissions (enabled by default).

4.2 System Login

1 Start your web browser.

2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in

the Location or Address field. Press

3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default

password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.

[ENTER].

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 49

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 17 Web Configurator: Login

4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.

4.3 The Status Screen

The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.

The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.

Figure 18 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)

A

A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.

B

C

D

E

B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.

50 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

B - Click this link to save your configuration into the switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is the configuration of your switch that stays the same even if the
switch’s power is turned off.

C - Click this link to go to the status page of the switch.

D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.

E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the

configuration screens.

In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.

Table 4 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

BASIC SETTING

ADVANCED
APPLICATION

IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 51

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.

Table 5 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details

BASIC SETTING

System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup

ADVANCED
APPLICATION

VLAN

VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting

Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol

Status

Spanning Tree

Protocol

Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm

Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation

Link Aggregation

Control Protocol

Status

Configuration
Port Authentication

RADIUS

802.1x
Port Security
Queuing Method
Multicast

Multicast Status
Multicast Setting
IGMP Filtering

Profile
MVR
Group Configuration

IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Static Routing
DiffServ

DSCP Setting

Maintenance

Firmware Upgrade
Restore

Configuration
Backup

Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System

Access Control

SNMP
Logins
Service Access

Control
Remote

Management
Diagnostic
Syslog

Setup

Server Setup
Cluster Management

Status

Configuration
MAC Table
ARP Table
Configure Clone

The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.

Table 6 Navigation Panel Links

LINK DESCRIPTION

Basic Settings

System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware

monitoring information (on the ES-2108PWR).

General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification

52 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

information about the switch.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 6 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such

as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.

IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the management IP

address, subnet mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name
server).

Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch

Advanced
Application

VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN

Static MAC
Forwarding

Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.

Spanning Tree
Protocol

Bandwidth
Control

Broadcast Storm
Control

Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to

Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to

Port
Authentication

Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and

Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure SPQ or WRR with

Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure multicast settings, IGMP

IP Application

Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route

DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ and set DSCP-to-

Advanced
Management

Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration file

Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password

Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).

ports.

(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).

This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.

This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.

This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).

This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.

another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference

form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.

set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.

associated queue weights for each port.

filters and multicast VLAN groups.

defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.

IEEE802.1p mappings.

maintenance as well as reboot the system.

and configure SNMP and remote management.

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 53

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 6 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log

server.

Cluster
Management

MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)

ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP

Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can clone port attributes of a port and

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management and
view its status.

of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.

address resolution table.

transfer them to other port(s).

4.3.1 Change Your Password

After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.

Figure 19 Change Administrator Login Password

4.4 Saving Your Configuration

When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the switch’s power is
turned off.

54 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the switch’s storage that
remains even if the switch’s power is turned off.

Note: Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.

4.5 Switch Lockout

You could block yourself (and all others) from accessing the switch through the web
configurator if you do one of the following:

1 Deleting the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).

2 Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the

management port of the switch.

3 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.

4 Disabling all ports.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

5 Assigning minimum bandwidth to the CPU port. If you limit bandwidth to the CPU port,

you may find that the switch performs sluggishly or not at all.

Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.

4.6 Resetting the Switch

If you lock yourself (and others) from the switch or forget the switch password, you will need
to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the switch back to the factory defaults.

4.6.1 Reload the Factory-default Configuration File

Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.

To upload the factory-default configuration file, do the following:

1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See

Section 3.1.1 on page 44 for details.

2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the

switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.

3 When you see the message “

seconds...

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 55

” press any key to enter debug mode.

Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

4 Type atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.

5 Wait for the “

Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM

upload on your terminal.

6 After the factory-default configuration file upload, type

Figure 20 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port

Bootbase Version: V1.01 | 01/05/2006 09:19:25
RAM: Size = 32768 Kbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK
FLASH: AMD 32M *1
ZyNOS Version: V3.70(ABS.0)b0 | 05/10/2006 18:35:35
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.

..............................

Enter Debug Mode
ras> atlc

Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 262144 bytes received.
Erasing..

................................................................

OK
ras> atgo

atgo to restart the switch.

The switch is now re initialized with the factory-default configuration file including the
default password of “1234”.

4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator

Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session both for
security reasons and so as you don’t lock out other switch administrators.

Figure 21 Web Configurator: Logout Screen

4.8 Help

The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.

Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.

56 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.

5.1 Overview

The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:

• Create a VLAN

• Set port VLAN ID

• Configure the switch IP management address

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 5

Initial Setup Example

5.1.1 Creating a VLAN

VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.

In this example, you want to configure port 5 as a member of VLAN 2.

Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 57

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static

VLAN link.

2 In the Static VLAN

screen, select ACTIVE,
enter a descriptive name
in the Name field and
enter 2 in the VLAN

Group ID field for the
VLAN2 network.

Note: The VLAN Group

ID field in this

screen and the VID
field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the
same VLAN ID.

3 Since the VLAN2

network is connected to
port 5 on the switch,
select Fixed to
configure port 5 to be a
permanent member of
the VLAN only.

4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames

properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.

5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory

are lost when the switch’s power is turned off.

5.1.2 Setting Port VID

Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.

58 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 5 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.

Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID

1 Click Advanced

Applications and
VLAN in the

navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.

2 Enter 2 in the PVID

field for port 5 and
click Apply to save
your changes back to
the run-time memory.
Settings in the run­time memory are lost
when the switch’s
power is turned off.

5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address

The default management IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another IP
address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an
example.

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 59

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 24 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address

1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is

in the same subnet as the switch.

2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar

to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 49 for more information.

3 Click Basic Setting and IP Setup

in the navigation panel.

4 Configure the related fields in the

IP Setup screen.

For the VLAN2 network, enter

192.168.2.1 as the IP address and

255.255.255.0 as the subnet mask.

5 In the VID field, enter the ID of

the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP address
to belong. This is the same as the
VLAN ID you configure in the
Static VLAN screen.

6 Click Add to save your changes

back to the run-time memory.
Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the switch’s power
is turned off.

60 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

System Status and Port

This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.

6.1 Port Status Overview

The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary table with links to
each port showing statistical details.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 6

Statistics

To vi ew the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.

Note: The ES-2108PWR screen is different from the other models covered in this UG.

The screen from ES-2108-G model is shown for comparison.

Figure 25 Status (ES-2108PWR)

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 61

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 26 Status (ES-2108-G)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 7 Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details

screen (refer to Figure 27 on page 64).

Name This field displays the name of the port.

Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or another

value depending on the uplink module being used) and the duplex (F for full duplex
or H for half duplex).

State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the

port (see Section 11.1.3 on page 100 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it

displays STOP.

PD
(ES-2108PWR
Only)

LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has

Clear Counter Select Port and type a port number or select Any to select all ports then click Clear

This fields displays whether PoE (Power over Ethernet) is enabled (On) or disabled
(Off) on this port.

enabled on the port.

been up.

Counter to erase the recorded statistical information for a port or all ports.

62 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

6.1.1 Status: Port Details

Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.

Note: The ES-2108PWR screen is different from the other models covered in this UG.

The screen from ES-2108-G model is shown for comparison.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 63

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Figure 27 Status: Port Details (ES-2108PWR)

64 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

Figure 28 Status: Port Details (ES-2108-G)

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 8 Status: Port Details

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port Info

Name This field shows the name of the port.

Link This field shows whether the Ethernet connection is down, and the speed/duplex

mode.

Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port

(see Section 11.1.3 on page 100 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it

displays STOP.

PD
PowerConsum
ption (W)

(ES-2108PWR
Only)

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 65

This field is only available on the ES-2108PWR but not available for the Gigabit and
mini-GBIC ports.

This field shows the power consumption of the powered device connected to the port.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 8 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

PD
MaxCurrent
(mA)
(ES-2108PWR
Only)

PD MaxPower
(mW)
(ES-2108PWR
Only)

LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.

Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.

TX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)

Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.

Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.

Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.

RX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)

Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.

Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.

TX Collision The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.

Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited

Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was inhibited

Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.

Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the

This field is only available on the ES-2108PWR but not available for the Gigabit and
mini-GBIC ports.

This field shows the maximum current a powered device can get from the switch. If the
powered device’s power consumption exceeds the maximum power offered by the
switch, the switch stops sending power.

The switch can provide up to 351.36mA current to one PD connected to each 10/
100Mbps Ethernet port and up to a total of 123.2W power to all PDs connected to the
switch.

This field shows the maximum power the switch can provide through this port.

transmitted.

received.

by exactly one collision.

by more than one collision.

Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.

packets have already been transmitted.

66 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 8 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Error Packet

RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)

Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64

Distribution

64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64

65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the

error(s).

octets), including the ones with CRC errors.

octets in length.

between 65 and 127 octets in length.

between 128 and 255 octets in length.

between 256 and 511 octets in length.

between 512 and 1023 octets in length.

between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.

maximum frame size.

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 67

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

68 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.

7.1 Overview

The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address, subnet mask(s) and DNS
(domain name server) for management purposes.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 7

Basic Setting

7.2 System Information

In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage (on the ES-2108PWR) in this screen.

Note: The ES-2108PWR screen is different from the other models covered in this UG.

The screen from ES-2108-G model is shown for comparison.

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Figure 29 System Info (ES-2108PWR)

Figure 30 System Info (ES-2108-G)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 9 System Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.

ZyNOS F/W
Version

Ethernet
Address

PoE Status (This section is only available on the ES-2108PWR model)

Total Power
(W)

Consuming
Power (W)

Remaining
Power (W)

This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the
date created.

This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.

This is the total power in Watts the ES-2108PWR can provide over the Ethernet.

This is the power consumed by PoE compatible devices connected to the ES­2108PWR.

This is the remaining power in Watts the ES-2108PWR can provide over the Ethernet.

70 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 9 System Info (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Hardware Monitor (The following hardware monitoring information is only available on the ES­2108PWR.)

Temperature
Unit

Temperature CPU, MAC and LOCAL refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch

Current This field displays the current temperature measured at this sensor.

MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.

MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.

Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.

Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those

Fan speed
(RPM)

Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).

MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute

MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute

Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.

Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error

Voltage (V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and

Current This is the current voltage reading.

MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.

MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.

Threshold This field displays the minimum voltage at which the switch should work.

Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this point;

The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.

printed circuit board.

above.

A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.

(RPM).

(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).

indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.

reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.

otherwise Error is displayed.

7.3 General Setup

Use this screen to enter administrative details, time settings and login precedence. Click Basic
Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

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Figure 31 General Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 10 General Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to

64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.

Location Enter the geographic location (up to 32 characters) of your switch.

Contact Person's
Name

Login
Precedence

Enter the name (up to 32 characters) of the person in charge of this switch.

Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).

Local user accounts can be configured via the Access Control Logins screen or
via the commands. The commands allow you to configure different levels of
privilege. See Section 30.6 on page 183 for more information on creating accounts
via commands.

You can also configure user accounts and privileges on a RADIUS server. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.

Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen or via commands.

Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the accounts configured in the
Access Control Logins screen or commands. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.

Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username, password and privilege level.

72 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 10 General Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Use Time Server
when Bootup

Time Server IP
Address

Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).

New Time
(hh:min:ss)

Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.

New Date (yyyy­mm-dd)

Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.

When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.

Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.

NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the

switch, the time and date will be reset to 2000-1-1 0:0.

Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.

Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.

Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.

known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.

loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

7.4 Introduction to VLANs

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.

VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.

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Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.

See Chapter 8 on page 81 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.

7.5 Switch Setup Screen

Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port

Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.

Figure 32 Switch Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 11 Switch Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on

whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 81 for more information.

MAC Address
Learning

Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC

GARP Timer:
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join message using

GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message terminates all
registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more
background information.

74 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.

addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Table 11 Switch Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each

port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.

Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.

Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.

Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in

milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer; the default is 10000 milliseconds.

Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that

contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.

The switch has four physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.

Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d

standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).

Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.

Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the

variations in delay).

Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.

Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems

Network Architecture) transactions.

Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include

Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.

Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that

Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.

are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

7.6 IP Setup

Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add switch IP address.

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7.6.1 Management IP Addresses

The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

You can configure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch from
the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).

Note: You must configure a VLAN first.

Figure 33 IP Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 12 IP Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Domain
Name Server

Default
Management
IP Address

DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the switch an IP address

76 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.

Configure the fields to set the default management IP address.

and subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server IP address.

Table 12 IP Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Stat ic IP
Address

IP
Address

IP Subnet
Mask

Default
Gateway

VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the switch IP address. This is the

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Management
IP Addresses

IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the switch by the members of the VLAN specified in

IP Subnet
Mask

VID Enter the VLAN identification number.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Index This field displays the index number of an entry.

IP Address This field displays the management IP address of the switch.

IP Subnet
Mask

VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the network.

Default
Gateway

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

Select this option if you don't have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP
address information to the switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you select
this option.

Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.

Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example

255.255.255.0.

Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254

VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All ports, by
default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device
from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port cannot
access the device. To access the switch make sure the port that you are connected to is
a member of Management VLAN.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

Configure the fields to set additional management IP address.

the VID field below.

Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation. For example, 255.255.255.0.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

This field displays the subnet mask of the switch.

This field displays the default gateway of the switch.

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7.7 Port Setup

Ethernet port connections can be in half-duplex or full-duplex mode. Full-duplex refers to a
device's ability to send and receive simultaneously, while half-duplex indicates that traffic can
flow in only one direction at a time. The Ethernet port must use the same speed or duplex
mode setting as the peer Ethernet port in order to connect.

Full-duplex mode operation only applies to point-to-point access (for example, when attaching
the switch to a workstation, server, or another switch). When connecting to hubs, use a
standard cascaded connection set at half-duplex operation.

Auto-negotiation regulates the speed and duplex of each port, based on the capability of both
devices. When auto-negotiation is turned on, an Ethernet port on the switch negotiates with the
peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer Ethernet
port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the
switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, an Ethernet port uses the preconfigured speed and
duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of
the peer Ethernet port are the same in order to connect.

Use this screen to configure switch port settings. Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in
the navigation panel to enter the port configuration screen.

Note: The ES-2108PWR screen is different from the other models covered in this UG.

The screen from ES-2108-G model is shown for comparison.

Figure 34 Port Setup (ES-2108PWR)

78 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Figure 35 Port Setup (ES-2108-G)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 13 Port Setup

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

LABEL DESCRIPTION

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

Port This is the port index number.

Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A

port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.

Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-

numerical characters.

Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in

some web configurator screens.

Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet connection and 10/100/1000M for the

Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports and 100M for a 100 base-FX fiber-optic port.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 79

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Table 13 Port Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.

Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer

802.1P Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.

PD
(ES-2108PWR

Only)

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

For Ethernet ports, select Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half
Duplex or 100M/Full Duplex.

For the Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port, select Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full
Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/Full Duplex or 1000M/Full Duplex.

For the mini-GBIC port on the ES-2108-LC, select Auto or 1000M/Full Duplex.
The port speed and the duplex mode are fixed (100M/Full Duplex) for the 100 Base-

FX fiber optic port on the ES-2108-LC.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port

automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.

memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.

The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and back-pressure flow
control in half duplex mode.

IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.

Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.

See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 11 on page 74 for more information.

This field is only available on the ES-2108PWR but not available for the Gigabit or
mini-GBIC ports.

A powered device (PD) is a device such as an access point or a switch, that supports
PoE (Power over Ethernet) so that it can receive power from another device through a
10/100Mbps Ethernet port.

Select the check box to allow a powered device (connected to the port) to receive
power from the switch.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

80 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 8

The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN

A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).

VLAN

The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 (212) VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN
ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.

TPID
2 Bytes

User Priority
3 Bits

CFI
1 Bit

VLAN ID
12 bits

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames

Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.

Chapter 8 VLAN 81

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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration

GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.

8.2.1 GARP

GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and de­register attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.

8.2.1.1 GARP Timers

Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.

8.2.2 GVRP

GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.

Please refer to the following table for common GARP terminology.

Table 14 IEEE 802.1q Terminology

VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION

VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.

VLAN Administrative
Control

VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing

Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/

deregistration process.

Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.

Registration
Forbidden

Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.

Untagged Ports belonging to the specified don't tag all outgoing

Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.

frames transmitted.

frames transmitted.

82 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 14 IEEE 802.1q Terminology (continued)

VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION

VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that

Acceptable frame
type

Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking

Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.

Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

this port received.

You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.

that do not have this port as a member

Figure 36 Port VLAN Trunking

8.4 Select the VLAN Type

1 Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.

Chapter 8 VLAN 83

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Figure 37 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type

8.5 Static VLAN

Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be

• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.

• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.

• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.

You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status

See Section 8.1 on page 81 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown

next.

Figure 38 VLAN: VLAN Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 15 VLAN: VLAN Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

The Number of
VLAN

Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on this to view port settings for the specified

VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN

This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.

VLAN.

screen.

84 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 15 VLAN: VLAN Status (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static

VLAN was set up.

Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,

static - added as a permanent entry or it shows other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).

Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information

cannot be seen in one screen.

8.5.2 Static VLAN Details

Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1

on page 81 for more information on static VLANs. Click on an index number in the VLAN

Status screen to display VLAN details.

Figure 39 Static VLAN Details

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 16 Static VLAN Details

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.

VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN

screen.

Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is

marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.

Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static

Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,

VLAN was set up.

static - added as a permanent entry or it shows other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).

8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN

Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the switch. See Section

8.5 on page 84 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click

Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.

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Figure 40 VLAN: Static VLAN

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 17 VLAN: Static VLAN

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.

Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.

VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.

Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is

Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with

Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.

this VLAN Group ID.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

86 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 17 VLAN: Static VLAN (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the

VLAN settings.

Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings

Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.5 on page 84 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.

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Chapter 8 VLAN 87

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Figure 41 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 18 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION

GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a

way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.

Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.

Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management

Ingress Check Select this check box to activate ingress filtering on the switch.

Port This field displays the port number.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

port and the uplink ports but not communicate with each other. This option is the
most limiting but also the most secure.

Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering the switch.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.

GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.

Acceptable Frame
Type

Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag On ly.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on

this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will

be dropped.

88 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 18 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not

ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch

loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.

8.6 Port Based VLAN Setup

Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.

Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.

Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.

You cannot change it.

In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.

The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.

8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN

Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen (see Figure 37 on page 84)
and then click VLAN from the navigation panel to display the next screen.

Chapter 8 VLAN 89

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Figure 42 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)

90 Chapter 8 VLAN

Figure 43 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.

All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no

virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.

Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.

After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.

Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through

which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing
port). CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.

Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through

which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not
form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.

Chapter 8 VLAN 91

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Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

92 Chapter 8 VLAN

Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.

9.1 Overview

A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.

Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 119 for more information
on port security.

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 9

Static MAC Forwarding

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding

A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.

Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 119 for more information
on port security.

Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.

Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding 93

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Figure 44 Static MAC Forwarding

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 20 Static MAC Forwarding

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule

without deleting it by clearing this check box.

Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address

MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal

forwarding rule.

character pairs.

Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.

VID Enter the VLAN identification number.

Port Type the port number where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be

Add After you set the fields above, click Add to insert a new rule.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.

Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or

Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC

MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification

VID This field displays the VLAN identification number.

Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be

automatically forwarded.

Clicking Add saves your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.

address-forwarding rule.

number to which the MAC address belongs.

forwarded.

94 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding

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Table 20 Static MAC Forwarding (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding 95

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96 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding

CHAPTER 10

This chapter discusses MAC address port filtering.

10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule

Filtering means sifting traffic going through the switch based on the source MAC addresses
and VLAN group (ID).

Click Advanced Application and Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown next.

Figure 45 Filtering

ES-2108 Series User’s Guide

Filtering

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 21 FIltering

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate

a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.

Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for this rule. This is for

identification purpose only.

MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character

VID Type the VLAN group identification number. Packets which match the VLAN

Chapter 10 Filtering 97

pairs. Packets from this MAC address which also match the VLAN identification number
you enter in the VID field are dropped by the switch.

identification number and the MAC address you enter in the MAC field are dropped by
the switch.

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Table 21 FIltering (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.

Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the

settings.

Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose

only.

MAC
Address

VID This field displays the VLAN group identification number.

Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.

This field displays the source MAC address with the VLAN identification number to
which the MAC address belongs.

Delete button.

98 Chapter 10 Filtering

Spanning Tree Protocol

This chapter introduces the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).

11.1 STP/RSTP Overview

(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.

The switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allows faster
convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STP­only aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout
the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is
required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then
notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering
database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.

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CHAPTER 11

Note: In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.

11.1.1 STP Terminology

The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).

Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost.

Table 22 STP Path Costs

LINK SPEED RECOMMENDED VALUE

Path Cost 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535

Path Cost 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535

Path Cost 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535

Path Cost 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535

Path Cost 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535

Path Cost 10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535

RECOMMENDED
RANGE

ALLOWED RANGE

Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol 99

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On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.

For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.

11.1.2 How STP Works

After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.

STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.

Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.

11.1.3 STP Port States

STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.

Table 23 STP Port States

PORT STATE DESCRIPTION

Disabled STP is disabled (default).

Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.

Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.

Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the

learning process but not forwarded.

Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and

forwarded.

11.2 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status

Use this screen to view RSTP settings, see Section 11.1 on page 99 for more information on
RSTP. Click Spanning Tree Protocol in the Advanced Application, Spanning Tree
Protocol screen.

100 Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol