This manual is intended for people who want to configure ZyXEL Switches via Command
Line Interface (CLI). You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking
concepts and topology.
"This guide is intended as a command reference for a series of products.
Therefore many commands in this guide may not be available in your product.
See your User’s Guide for a list of supported features and details about feature
implementation.
Please refer to www.zyxel.com or your product’s CD for product specific User Guides and
product certifications.
How To Use This Guide
•Read the How to Access the CLI chapter for an overview of various ways you can get to
the command interface on your Switch.
• Use the Reference section in this guide for command syntax, description and examples.
Each chapter describes commands related to a feature.
• To find specific information in this guide, use the Contents Overview, the Index of Commands, or search the PDF file. E-mail techwriters@zyxel.com.tw if you cannot find
the information you require.
CLI Reference Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all Reference Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
3
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this CLI Reference Guide.
1Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device. See your
User’s Guide for product specific warnings.
"Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
This manual follows these general conventions:
• ZyXEL’s switches (such as the ES-2024A, ES-2108, GS-3012, and so on) may be referred
to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this Reference Guide.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
Command descriptions follow these conventions:
• Commands are in
• Required input values are in angle brackets <>; for example,
must specify an IP address for this command.
• Optional fields are in square brackets []; for instance show logins[name], the name
field is optional.
The following is an example of a required field within an optional field: snmp-server [contact <system contact>], the contact field is optional. However, if you
use contact, then you must provide the system contact information.
• Lists (such as <port-list>) consist of one or more elements separated by commas.
Each element might be a single value (1, 2, 3, ...) or a range of values (1-2, 3-5, ...)
separated by a dash.
•The | (bar) symbol means “or”.
• italic terms represent user-defined input values; for example, in snmp-server [contact <system contact>], system contact can be replaced by the
administrator’s name.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “Enter” or “Return” key on your keyboard.
courier new font.
ping<ip> means that you
4
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
Document Conventions
• <cr> means press the [ENTER] key.
• An arrow (-->) indicates that this line is a continuation of the previous line.
Command summary tables are organized as follows:
Table 1 Example: Command Summary Table
COMMANDDESCRIPTIONMP
show vlanDisplays the status of all VLANs.E3
vlan <1-4094>Enters config-vlan mode for the specified VLAN. Creates the
VLAN, if necessary.
inactiveDisables the specified VLAN.C13
no inactiveEnables the specified VLAN.C13
no vlan <1-4094>Deletes a VLAN.C13
C13
The Table title identifies commands or the specific feature that the commands configure.
The COMMAND column shows the syntax of the command.
• If a command is not indented, you run it in the enable or config mode. See Chapter 2 on
page 15 for more information on command modes.
• If a command is indented, you run it in a sub-command mode.
The DESCRIPTION column explains what the command does. It also identifies legal input
values, if necessary.
The M column identifies the mode in which you run the command.
• E: The command is available in enable mode. It is also available in user mode if the
privilege level (P) is less than 13.
• C: The command is available in config (not indented) or one of the sub-command modes
(indented).
The P column identifies the privilege level of the command. If you don’t have a high enough
privilege level you may not be able to view or execute some of the commands. See Chapter 2
on page 15 for more information on privilege levels.
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
5
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an exact
representation of your device.
Appendices and Index of Commands ................................................................................ 223
8
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
PART I
Introduction
How to Access and Use the CLI (11)
Privilege Level and Command Mode (15)
Initial Setup (21)
9
10
CHAPTER 1
How to Access and Use the CLI
This chapter introduces the command line interface (CLI).
1.1 Accessing the CLI
Use any of the following methods to access the CLI.
1.1.1 Console Port
1 Connect your computer to the console port on the Switch using the appropriate cable.
2 Use terminal emulation software with the following settings:
Table 2 Default Settings for the Console Port
SETTINGDEFAULT VALUE
Terminal EmulationVT100
Baud Rate9600 bps
ParityNone
Number of Data Bits8
Number of Stop Bits1
Flow ControlNone
3 Press [ENTER] to open the login screen.
1.1.2 Telnet
1 Connect your computer to one of the Ethernet ports.
2 Open a Telnet session to the Switch’s IP address. If this is your first login, use the default
values.
Table 3 Default Management IP Address
SETTINGDEFAULT VALUE
IP Address192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask255.255.255.0
Make sure your computer IP address is in the same subnet, unless you are accessing the
Switch through one or more routers.
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
11
Chapter 1 How to Access and Use the CLI
1.1.3 SSH
1 Connect your computer to one of the Ethernet ports.
2 Use a SSH client program to access the Switch. If this is your first login, use the default
values in Table 3 on page 11 and Table 4 on page 12. Make sure your computer IP
address is in the same subnet, unless you are accessing the Switch through one or more
routers.
1.2 Logging in
Use the administrator username and password. If this is your first login, use the default values.
Table 4 Default User Name and Password
SETTINGDEFAULT VALUE
User Nameadmin
Password1234
"The Switch automatically logs you out of the management interface after five
minutes of inactivity. If this happens to you, simply log back in again.
1.3 Using Shortcuts and Getting Help
This table identifies some shortcuts in the CLI, as well as how to get help.
Table 5 CLI Shortcuts and Help
COMMAND / KEY(S)DESCRIPTION
historyDisplays a list of recently-used commands.
yz (up/down arrow keys)Scrolls through the list of recently-used commands. You can edit
[CTRL]+UClears the current command.
[TAB]Auto-completes the keyword you are typing if possible. For
?Displays the keywords and/or input values that are allowed in
helpDisplays the (full) commands that are allowed in place of help.
any command or press [ENTER] to run it again.
example, type config, and press [TAB]. The Switch finishes the
word configure.
place of the ?.
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Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
Chapter 1 How to Access and Use the CLI
1.4 Saving Your Configuration
When you run a command, the Switch saves any changes to its run-time memory. The Switch
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power. Use the
enable mode to save the current configuration permanently to non-volatile memory.
sysname# write memory
write memory command in
"You should save your changes after each CLI session. All unsaved
configuration changes are lost once you restart the Switch.
1.5 Logging Out
Enter logout to log out of the CLI. You have to be in user, enable, or config mode. See
Chapter 2 on page 15 for more information about modes.
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
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Chapter 1 How to Access and Use the CLI
14
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
CHAPTER 2
Privilege Level and Command
Mode
This chapter introduces the CLI privilege levels and command modes.
• The privilege level determines whether or not a user can run a particular command.
• If a user can run a particular command, the user has to run it in the correct mode.
2.1 Privilege Levels
Every command has a privilege level (0-14). Users can run a command if the session’s
privilege level is greater than or equal to the command’s privilege level. The session’s
privilege level initially comes from the login account’s privilege level, though it is possible to
change the session’s privilege level after logging in.
2.1.1 Privilege Levels for Commands
The privilege level of each command is listed in the Reference A-G chapters on page 25.
At the time of writing, commands have a privilege level of 0, 3, 13, or 14. The following table
summarizes the types of commands at each of these privilege levels.
Table 6 Types of Commands at Different Privilege Levels
PRIVILEGE LEVEL TYPES OF COMMANDS AT THIS PRIVILEGE LEVEL
0Display basic system information.
3Display configuration or status.
13Configure features except for login accounts, the authentication method
sequence, multiple logins, and administrator and enable passwords.
14Configure login accounts, the authentication method sequence, multiple logins,
and administrator and enable passwords.
2.1.2 Privilege Levels for Login Accounts
You can manage the privilege levels for login accounts in the following ways:
• Using commands. Login accounts can be configured by the admin account or any login
account with a privilege level of 14. See Chapter 29 on page 111.
• Using vendor-specific attributes in an external authentication server. See the User’s Guide
for more information.
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
15
Chapter 2 Privilege Level and Command Mode
The admin account has a privilege level of 14, so the administrator can run every command.
You cannot change the privilege level of the admin account.
2.1.3 Privilege Levels for Sessions
The session’s privilege level initially comes from the privilege level of the login account the
user used to log in to the Switch. After logging in, the user can use the following commands to
change the session’s privilege level.
2.1.3.1 enable Command
This command raises the session’s privilege level to 14. It also changes the session to enable
mode (if not already in enable mode). This command is available in user mode or enable
mode, and users have to know the enable password.
In the following example, the login account user0 has a privilege level of 0 but knows that the
enable password is 123456. Afterwards, the session’s privilege level is 14, instead of 0, and
the session changes to enable mode.
sysname> enable
Password: 123456
sysname#
The default enable password is 1234. Use this command to set the enable password.
password <password>
<password> consists of 1-32 alphanumeric characters. For example, the following
command sets the enable password to 123456. See Chapter 68 on page 215 for more
information about this command.
sysname(config)# password 123456
2.1.3.2 enable <0-14> Command
This command raises the session’s privilege level to the specified level. It also changes the
session to enable mode, if the specified level is 13 or 14. This command is available in user
mode or enable mode, and users have to know the password for the specified privilege level.
In the following example, the login account user0 has a privilege level of 0 but knows that the
password for privilege level 13 is pswd13. Afterwards, the session’s privilege level is 13,
instead of 0, and the session changes to enable mode.
sysname> enable 13
Password: pswd13
sysname#
16
Users cannot use this command until you create passwords for specific privilege levels. Use
the following command to create passwords for specific privilege levels.
password <password> privilege <0-14>
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
Chapter 2 Privilege Level and Command Mode
<password> consists of 1-32 alphanumeric characters. For example, the following
command sets the password for privilege level 13 to pswd13. See Chapter 68 on page 215 for
more information about this command.
sysname(config)# password pswd13 privilege 13
2.1.3.3 disable Command
This command reduces the session’s privilege level to 0. It also changes the session to user
mode. This command is available in enable mode.
2.2 Command Modes
The CLI is divided into several modes. If a user has enough privilege to run a particular
command, the user has to run the command in the correct mode. The modes that are available
depend on the session’s privilege level.
2.2.1 Command Modes for Privilege Levels 0-12
If the session’s privilege level is 0-12, the user and all of the allowed commands are in user
mode. Users do not have to change modes to run any allowed commands.
2.2.2 Command Modes for Privilege Levels 13-14
If the session’s privilege level is 13-14, the allowed commands are in one of several modes.
Table 7 Command Modes for Privilege Levels 13-14 and the Types of Commands in Each One
MODEPROMPTCOMMAND FUNCTIONS IN THIS MODE
enablesysname#Display current configuration, diagnostics, maintenance.
configsysname(config)#Configure features other than those below.
sysname(config-if)#Enable and enter configuration mode for an IP routing
domain.
(DVRMP).
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
17
Chapter 2 Privilege Level and Command Mode
Each command is usually in one and only one mode. If a user wants to run a particular
command, the user has to change to the appropriate mode. The command modes are organized
like a tree, and users start in enable mode. The following table explains how to change from
one mode to another.
Table 8 Changing Between Command Modes for Privilege Levels 13-14
Use the help command to view the executable commands on the Switch. You must have the
highest privilege level in order to view all the commands. Follow these steps to create a list of
supported commands:
1 Log into the CLI. This takes you to the enable mode.
2 Type help and press [ENTER]. A list comes up which shows all the commands
available in enable mode. The example shown next has been edited for brevity’s sake.
sysname# help
Commands available:
help
logout
exit
history
enable <0-14>
enable <cr> traceroute <ip|host-name> [vlan <vlan-id>][..]
.
.
traceroute help
ssh <1|2> <[user@]dest-ip> <cr>
ssh <1|2> <[user@]dest-ip> [command </>]
sysname#
18
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
Chapter 2 Privilege Level and Command Mode
3 Copy and paste the results into a text editor of your choice. This creates a list of all the
executable commands in the user and enable modes.
4 Type configure and press [ENTER]. This takes you to the config mode.
5 Type help and press [ENTER]. A list is displayed which shows all the commands
available in config mode and all the sub-commands. The sub-commands are preceded by
the command necessary to enter that sub-command mode. For example, the command
name <name-str> as shown next, is preceded by the command used to enter the
config-vlan sub-mode:
sysname# help
.
.
no arp inspection log-buffer logs
no arp inspection filter-aging-time
no arp inspection <cr>
vlan <1-4094>
vlan <1-4094> name <name-str>
vlan <1-4094> normal <port-list>
vlan <1-4094> fixed <port-list>
vlan <1-4094>.
6 Copy and paste the results into a text editor of your choice. This creates a list of all the
executable commands in config and the other submodes, for example, the config-vlan
mode.
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
19
Chapter 2 Privilege Level and Command Mode
20
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
CHAPTER 3
Initial Setup
This chapter identifies tasks you might want to do when you first configure the Switch.
3.1 Changing the Administrator Password
"It is recommended you change the default administrator password.
Use this command to change the administrator password.
admin-password <pw-string> <Confirm-string>
where <pw-string> may be 1-32 alphanumeric characters long.
By default, multiple CLI sessions are allowed via the console port or Telnet. See the User’s
Guide for the maximum number of concurrent sessions for your Switch. Use this command to
prohibit concurrent logins.
no multi-login
Console port has higher priority than Telnet. See Chapter 38 on page 131 for more multi-
login
commands.
sysname# configure
sysname(config)# no multi-login
3.4 Changing the Management IP Address
The Switch has a different IP address in each VLAN. By default, the Switch has VLAN 1 with
IP address 192.168.1.1 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0. Use this command in config-vlan
mode to change the management IP address in a specific VLAN.
ip address <ip> <mask>
This example shows you how to change the management IP address in VLAN 1 to 172.16.0.1
with subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
sysname# configure
sysname(config)# vlan 1
sysname(config-vlan)# ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0
"Afterwards, you have to use the new IP address to access the Switch.
3.5 Changing the Out-of-band Management IP Address
If your Switch has a MGMT port (also referred to as the out-of-band management port), then
the Switch can also be managed via this interface. By default, the MGMT port IP address is
192.168.0.1 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Use this command in config mode to
change the out-of-band management IP address.
ip address <ip> <mask>
This example shows you how to change the out-of-band management IP address to 10.10.10.1
with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and the default gateway 10.10.10.254
22
sysname# configure
sysname(config)# ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
sysname(config)# ip address default-gateway 10.10.10.254
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
3.6 Looking at Basic System Information
Use this command to look at general system information about the Switch.
show system-information
This is illustrated in the following example.
sysname# show system-information
System Name : sysname
System Contact :
System Location :
Ethernet Address : 00:13:49:ae:fb:7a
ZyNOS F/W Version : V3.80(AII.0)b0 | 04/18/2007
RomRasSize : 1746416
System up Time : 280:32:52 (605186d ticks)
Bootbase Version : V1.00 | 05/17/2006
ZyNOS CODE : RAS Apr 18 2007 19:59:49
Product Model : ES-2024PWR
Chapter 3 Initial Setup
See Chapter 68 on page 215 for more information about these attributes.
3.7 Looking at the Operating Configuration
Use this command to look at the current operating configuration.
show running-config
This is illustrated in the following example.
sysname# show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
vlan 1
name 1
normal ""
fixed 1-9
forbidden ""
untagged 1-9
ip address default-management 172.16.37.206 255.255.255.0
ip address default-gateway 172.16.37.254
exit
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
23
Chapter 3 Initial Setup
24
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
PART II
Reference A-G
AAA Commands (27)
ARP Commands (29)
ARP Inspection Commands (31)
Bandwidth Commands (37)
Broadcast Storm Commands (41)
Classifier Commands (45)
Cluster Commands (49)
Date and Time Commands (53)
DHCP Commands (57)
DHCP Snooping & DHCP VLAN Commands (63)
DiffServ Commands (67)
DVMRP Commands (69)
Ethernet OAM Commands (71)
GARP Commands (77)
GVRP Commands (79)
25
26
CHAPTER 4
AAA Commands
Use these commands to configure authentication and accounting on the Switch.
4.1 Command Summary
The following section lists the commands for this feature.
Table 9 aaa authentication Command Summary
COMMANDDESCRIPTIONMP
show aaa authenticationDisplays what methods are used for authentication.E3
show aaa authentication enableDisplays the authentication method(s) for checking privilege
Sets the update period (in minutes) for accounting sessions.
This is the time the Switch waits to send an update to an
accounting server after a session starts.
Enables accounting of command sessions and specifies the
minimum privilege level (0-14) for the command sessions that
should be recorded. Optionally, sends accounting information
for command sessions to all configured accounting servers at
the same time.
no aaa accounting execDisables accounting of administrative sessions via SSH,
show aaa accounting systemDisplays accounting settings for recording system events, for
aaa accounting system
<radius|tacacs+> [broadcast]
no aaa accounting systemDisables accounting of system events on the Switch.C13
session events.
Enables accounting of IEEE 802.1x authentication sessions
and specifies the mode and protocol method. Optionally,
sends accounting information for IEEE 802.1x authentication
sessions to all configured accounting servers at the same
time.
on the Switch.
sessions via SSH, Telnet or the console port.
Enables accounting of administrative sessions via SSH,
Telnet and console port and specifies the mode and protocol
method. Optionally, sends accounting information for
administrative sessions via SSH, Telnet and console port to
all configured accounting servers at the same time.
Telnet or console on the Switch.
example system shut down, start up, accounting enabled or
accounting disabled.
Enables accounting of system events and specifies the
protocol method. Optionally, sends accounting information for
system events to all configured accounting servers at the
same time.
E3
C13
C13
E3
C13
C13
E3
C13
28
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
CHAPTER 5
ARP Commands
Use these commands to look at IP-to-MAC address mapping(s).
5.1 Command Summary
The following section lists the commands for this feature.
Table 11 arp Command Summary
COMMANDDESCRIPTIONMP
show ip arpDisplays the ARP table.E3
no arpFlushes the ARP table entries.E13
5.2 Command Examples
This example shows the ARP table.
sysname# show ip arp
Index IP MAC VLAN Age(s) Type
1 172.16.37.254 00:04:80:9b:78:00 1 300 dynamic
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 show ip arp
LABELDESCRIPTION
IndexThis field displays the index number.
IPThis field displays the learned IP address of the device.
MACThis field displays the MAC address of the device.
VLANThis field displays the VLAN to which the device belongs.
Age(s)This field displays how long the entry remains valid.
TypeThis field displays how the entry was learned.
dynamic: The Switch learned this entry from ARP packets.
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
29
Chapter 5 ARP Commands
30
Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide
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