ES-2048
Intelligent Layer 2 Switch
48-port Fast Ethernet +
2 GbE Dual Personality Interfaces (Copper/SFP)
User’s Guide
Version 3.70
8/2006
Edition 1
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Copyright
Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or
software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the
patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products
described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Trademarks
ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL
Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for
identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.
Copyright 1
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement
This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operations.
FCC Warning
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment. This device generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of
this device in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Certifications
CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference
in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A
Warning:
Notices
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Viewing Certifications
1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com.
2 Certifications
ES-2048 User’s Guide
2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that
product's page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
Certifications 3
ES-2048 User’s Guide
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• CAUTION: RISK OF EXPLOSION IF BATTERY (on the motherboard) IS REPLACED
BY AN INCORRECT TYPE. DISPOSE OF USED BATTERIES ACCORDING TO
THE INSTRUCTIONS. Dispose them at the applicable collection point for the recycling
of electrical and electronic equipment. For detailed information about recycling of this
product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or
the store where you purchased the product.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7mm.
Safety Warnings
4 Safety Warnings
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Safety Warnings 5
ES-2048 User’s Guide
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects
in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During
the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure
due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the
defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever
extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating
condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent
product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty
shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the
purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in
no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return
Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is
recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of
purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of
ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products
will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty
gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to
country.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information
at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
6 ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
METHOD
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ftp.europe.zyxel.com
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+1-714-632-0882
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www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.
REGULAR MAIL
ZyXEL Communications Corp.
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Customer Support 7
ES-2048 User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
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SPAIN
SWEDEN
UKRAINE
UNITED KINGDOM
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE
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sales@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-81
info@pl.zyxel.com +48 (22) 333 8250 www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications
+48 (22) 333 8251
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sales@zyxel.ru +7-095-542-89-25
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support@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7700 www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7701
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sales@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-494-49-32
support@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303044
08707 555779 (UK only)
sales@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303034 ftp.zyxel.co.uk
www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK
REGULAR MAIL
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Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)
+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.
8 Customer Support
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Copyright ..................................................................................................................1
Certifications ............................................................................................................2
Safety Warnings ....................................................................................................... 4
ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 6
Customer Support.................................................................................................... 7
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... 9
List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 19
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 23
Preface ....................................................................................................................27
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch ................................................................................ 29
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................29
1.2 Software Features ..............................................................................................29
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................32
1.4 Applications ........................................................................................................33
1.4.1 Backbone Application ...............................................................................33
1.4.2 Bridging Example ......................................................................................34
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example ......................................................34
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ...............................................35
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ..............................................................35
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ........................................................36
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection................................................................. 37
2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................37
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .........................................................................38
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................38
2.2.1.1 Precautions ....................................................................................38
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................38
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................38
Table of Contents 9
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 41
3.1 Panel Connections ............................................................................................41
3.2 LEDs ..............................................................................................................45
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator............................................................................................ 47
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................47
4.2 System Login ..................................................................................................47
4.3 The Status Screen .........................................................................................48
4.4 Menu Overview ..................................................................................................49
4.5 Saving Your Configuration ..................................................................................52
4.6 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................53
4.7 Resetting the Switch .......................................................................................53
4.8 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ...............................................................56
4.9 Help ..................................................................................................................56
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................42
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ...........................................................................................42
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................42
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots .......................................................................................43
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................43
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ...................................................................44
3.1.4 Power Connector ......................................................................................44
4.4.1 Change Your Password .........................................................................52
4.7.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................53
4.7.2 Reset to the Factory Defaults ...................................................................55
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example ............................................................................................. 57
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................57
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN .......................................................................................57
5.1.2 Setting Port VID ........................................................................................58
5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address .....................................................59
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 61
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................61
6.2 Port Status Summary .....................................................................................61
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ...............................................................................63
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 67
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................67
10 Table of Contents
ES-2048 User’s Guide
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................67
7.3 General Setup ...............................................................................................69
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................71
7.5 Switch Setup Screen .......................................................................................72
7.6 IP Setup ..........................................................................................................74
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses ......................................................................74
7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................77
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 81
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN ..................................................81
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ..............................................81
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ...........................................................................82
8.2.1 GARP ........................................................................................................82
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers .................................................................................82
8.2.2 GVRP ........................................................................................................82
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking .........................................................................................83
8.4 Select the VLAN Type .......................................................................................83
8.5 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................84
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ....................................................................................84
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ...................................................................................85
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................86
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ...............................................................88
8.6 Protocol Based VLANs ......................................................................................90
8.7 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN ...................................................................91
8.8 Create an IP-based VLAN Example ...................................................................93
8.9 Port Based VLAN Setup ................................................................................94
8.9.1 Configure a Port Based VLAN ..................................................................94
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forwarding.......................................................................................... 99
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................99
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ..............................................................99
Chapter 10
Filtering ................................................................................................................. 103
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule ...........................................................................103
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol ....................................................................................... 105
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ....................................................................................105
11.1.1 STP Terminology ..................................................................................105
11.1.2 How STP Works ...................................................................................106
Table of Contents 11
ES-2048 User’s Guide
11.2 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .......................................................107
11.3 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ....................................................108
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................... 113
12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview .......................................................................... 113
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ...............................................................................113
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control..................................................................................... 117
13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Overview ...............................................................117
13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ......................................................................117
Chapter 14
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 121
11.1.3 STP Port States ...................................................................................106
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ..........................................................................................113
14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ......................................................................................121
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation.................................................................................................. 125
15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ...........................................................................125
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ...........................................................................125
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID .............................................................................126
15.3 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status .....................................................126
15.4 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................127
Chapter 16
Port Authentication.............................................................................................. 131
16.1 Port Authentication Overview ........................................................................131
16.1.1 RADIUS ...............................................................................................131
16.1.1.1 Vendor Specific Attribute .............................................................131
16.1.1.2 Tunnel Protocol Attribute .............................................................132
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration ..................................................................132
16.2.1 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................133
16.2.2 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ...........................................................134
Chapter 17
Port Security......................................................................................................... 137
17.1 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................137
17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................137
12 Table of Contents
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Chapter 18
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 141
18.1 Queuing Method Overview .............................................................................141
18.1.1 Strictly Priority .......................................................................................141
18.1.2 Weighted Fair Queuing .........................................................................141
18.1.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ..........................................142
18.2 Configuring Queuing ......................................................................................142
Chapter 19
Multicast................................................................................................................ 145
19.1 Multicast Overview ........................................................................................145
19.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses .........................................................................145
19.1.2 IGMP Filtering .......................................................................................145
19.1.3 IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................145
19.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................146
19.3 Multicast Settings ..........................................................................................146
19.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ....................................................................................149
19.5 MVR Overview ..............................................................................................151
19.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ..............................................................................151
19.5.2 MVR Modes ..........................................................................................151
19.5.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................152
19.6 General MVR Configuration ...........................................................................152
19.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................155
19.7.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................156
Chapter 20
DHCP Relay .......................................................................................................... 159
20.1 DHCP Relay Overview ...................................................................................159
20.1.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................159
20.2 DHCP Relay Configuration ...........................................................................159
Chapter 21
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 161
21.1 Configure Static Routing ...............................................................................161
Chapter 22
DiffServ Code Point ............................................................................................. 163
22.1 DiffServ Overview .........................................................................................163
22.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ..............................................................163
22.1.2 DiffServ Network Example ...................................................................163
22.2 Activating DiffServ .........................................................................................164
22.3 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping Settings .......................................166
22.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings ..................................................................166
Table of Contents 13
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Chapter 23
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 169
23.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................169
23.2 Load Factory Default .....................................................................................170
23.3 Save Configuration .........................................................................................170
23.4 Reboot System ...............................................................................................171
23.5 Firmware Upgrade ......................................................................................171
23.6 Restore a Configuration File .......................................................................172
23.7 Backup a Configuration File ........................................................................172
23.8 FTP Command Line .......................................................................................173
Chapter 24
Access Control..................................................................................................... 177
23.8.1 Filename Conventions .........................................................................173
23.8.1.1 Example FTP Commands ...........................................................174
23.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ...........................................................174
23.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .........................................................................175
23.8.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................175
24.1 Access Control Overview ...........................................................................177
24.2 The Access Control Main Screen ...................................................................177
24.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................178
24.3.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................179
24.3.2 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................179
24.3.3 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................180
24.4 Setting Up Login Accounts .........................................................................180
24.5 SSH Overview ................................................................................................182
24.6 How SSH works .............................................................................................182
24.7 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................183
24.7.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................184
24.8 Introduction to HTTPS ....................................................................................184
24.9 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................185
24.9.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ...................................................185
24.9.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ...............................................185
24.9.3 The Main Screen ..................................................................................186
24.10 Service Port Access Control .....................................................................187
24.11 Remote Management ..............................................................................188
Chapter 25
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 191
25.1 Diagnostic .....................................................................................................191
14 Table of Contents
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Chapter 26
Syslog ................................................................................................................... 193
26.1 Overview ........................................................................................................193
26.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................193
26.3 Syslog Server Setup .....................................................................................194
Chapter 27
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 197
27.1 Clustering Management Status Overview .....................................................197
27.2 Clustering Management Status .....................................................................198
27.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ..................................................199
27.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .....................200
27.3 Clustering Management Configuration .........................................................201
Chapter 28
MAC Table ............................................................................................................. 205
28.1 MAC Table Overview .....................................................................................205
28.2 Viewing the MAC Table .................................................................................206
Chapter 29
ARP Table.............................................................................................................. 207
29.1 ARP Table Overview .....................................................................................207
29.1.1 How ARP Works ...................................................................................207
29.2 Viewing the ARP Table ..................................................................................207
Chapter 30
Configure Clone ................................................................................................... 209
30.1 Configure Clone Settings ..............................................................................209
Chapter 31
Introducing Commands...................................................................................... 211
31.1 Overview ........................................................................................................211
31.2 Accessing the CLI .......................................................................................... 211
31.2.1 The Console Port ..................................................................................211
31.2.1.1 Initial Screen ...............................................................................212
31.3 The Login Screen ...........................................................................................212
31.4 Command Syntax Conventions ......................................................................212
31.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................213
31.6 Privilege Levels ..............................................................................................213
31.7 Command Modes ...........................................................................................214
31.8 Getting Help ...................................................................................................215
31.8.1 List of Available Commands .................................................................216
31.9 Using Command History ................................................................................217
Table of Contents 15
ES-2048 User’s Guide
31.10 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................217
31.11 Command Summary ....................................................................................218
Chapter 32
User and Enable Mode Commands ................................................................... 241
32.1 Overview ........................................................................................................241
32.2 show Commands ...........................................................................................241
32.3 ping ................................................................................................................244
32.4 traceroute .......................................................................................................244
32.5 Copy Port Attributes .......................................................................................245
32.6 Configuration File Maintenance .....................................................................246
31.10.1 Switch Configuration File ....................................................................217
31.10.2 Logging Out ........................................................................................218
31.11.1 User Mode ..........................................................................................218
31.11.2 Enable Mode .......................................................................................219
31.11.3 General Configuration Mode ...............................................................224
31.11.4 interface port-channel Commands ......................................................233
31.11.5 config-vlan Commands .......................................................................237
31.11.6 mvr Commands ...................................................................................238
32.2.1 show system-information ......................................................................241
32.2.2 show ip ..................................................................................................242
32.2.3 show logging .........................................................................................242
32.2.4 show interface .......................................................................................242
32.2.5 show mac address-table .......................................................................243
32.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ......................................................246
32.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ...........................................................247
Chapter 33
Configuration Mode Commands......................................................................... 249
33.1 Enabling IGMP Snooping ...............................................................................249
33.2 Configure IGMP Filter ....................................................................................250
33.3 Enabling STP .................................................................................................251
33.4 no Command Examples .................................................................................252
33.4.1 Disable Commands .............................................................................252
33.4.2 Resetting Commands ...........................................................................253
33.4.3 Re-enable commands ...........................................................................253
33.4.4 Other Examples of no Commands ........................................................253
33.4.4.1 no trunk .......................................................................................254
33.4.4.2 no port-access-authenticator .......................................................254
33.4.4.3 no ssh ..........................................................................................255
33.5 Queuing Method Commands .........................................................................255
33.6 Static Route Commands ................................................................................256
33.7 Enabling MAC Filtering ..................................................................................257
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ES-2048 User’s Guide
33.8 Enabling Trunking ..........................................................................................258
33.9 Enabling Port Authentication ..........................................................................259
33.9.1 RADIUS Server Settings .......................................................................259
33.9.2 Port Authentication Settings .................................................................260
Chapter 34
Interface Commands............................................................................................ 263
34.1 Overview ........................................................................................................263
34.2 Interface Command Examples .......................................................................263
34.2.1 interface port-channel ...........................................................................263
34.2.2 bpdu-control ..........................................................................................263
34.2.3 broadcast-limit ......................................................................................264
34.2.4 bandwidth-limit ......................................................................................264
34.2.5 mirror ....................................................................................................265
34.2.6 gvrp .......................................................................................................266
34.2.7 ingress-check ........................................................................................266
34.2.8 frame-type .............................................................................................267
34.2.9 weight ...................................................................................................267
34.2.10 egress set ...........................................................................................268
34.2.11 qos priority ..........................................................................................268
34.2.12 name ...................................................................................................269
34.2.13 speed-duplex ......................................................................................269
34.2.14 test ......................................................................................................269
34.3 Interface no Command Examples ..................................................................270
34.3.1 no bandwidth-limit .................................................................................270
Chapter 35
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 271
35.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ..............................................................................271
35.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................272
35.2.1 GARP Status .........................................................................................272
35.2.2 GARP Timer .........................................................................................272
35.2.3 GVRP Timer .........................................................................................273
35.2.4 Enable GVRP .......................................................................................273
35.2.5 Disable GVRP .......................................................................................273
35.3 Port VLAN Commands ...................................................................................273
35.3.1 Set Port VID ..........................................................................................274
35.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type .................................................................274
35.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ...............................................................274
35.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ...............................................................................275
35.3.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ..........................................275
35.3.4.2 Forwarding Process Example .....................................................275
35.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ....................................................................................276
Table of Contents 17
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35.4 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................276
35.5 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................277
35.6 Show VLAN Setting .......................................................................................277
Chapter 36
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands .......................................................... 279
36.1 Overview ........................................................................................................279
36.2 Create Multicast VLAN ...................................................................................279
Chapter 37
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 281
37.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ....................................................................281
37.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .....................................................................281
37.3 Problems with the Password ..........................................................................289
37.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................282
37.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................282
37.2.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................285
37.2.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................287
Appendix A
Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 291
Appendix B
IP Addresses and Subnetting ............................................................................. 295
Index...................................................................................................................... 303
18 Table of Contents
ES-2048 User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application ............................................................................. 34
Figure 2 Bridging Application ............................................................................... 34
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application ................................................. 35
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application .................................................................. 36
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ..................................................... 36
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 37
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................ 38
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ............................................................. 39
Figure 9 Front Panel ............................................................................................ 41
Figure 10 Rear Panel ........................................................................................... 41
Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example .......................................................... 43
Figure 12 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................ 44
Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ........................................... 44
Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example ............................................................. 44
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................... 47
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 48
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password ................................................. 52
Figure 18 Example Xmodem Upload ..................................................................... 54
Figure 19 Reload the Configuration file: Via Console Port ................................... 55
Figure 20 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port .......................................... 56
Figure 21 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ........................................................ 56
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................... 57
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID .............................................. 59
Figure 24 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................... 59
Figure 25 Status .................................................................................................... 62
Figure 26 Status: Port Details ............................................................................... 64
Figure 27 System Info ........................................................................................... 68
Figure 28 General Setup ....................................................................................... 70
Figure 29 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 72
Figure 30 IP Setup ................................................................................................ 75
Figure 31 Port Setup ............................................................................................. 78
Figure 32 Port VLAN Trunking .............................................................................. 83
Figure 33 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 84
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Status .............................................................................. 84
Figure 35 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................ 85
Figure 36 VLAN: Static VLAN .............................................................................. 87
Figure 37 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ..................................................................... 89
Figure 38 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example .......................................... 91
List of Figures 19
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 39 Protocol Based VLAN ........................................................................... 92
Figure 40 Protocol Based VLAN Configuration Example ...................................... 93
Figure 41 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 95
Figure 42 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................... 96
Figure 43 Static MAC Forwarding ......................................................................... 100
Figure 44 Filtering ................................................................................................. 103
Figure 45 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .................................................. 107
Figure 46 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................. 109
Figure 47 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................. 114
Figure 48 Broadcast Storm Control ....................................................................... 118
Figure 49 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 122
Figure 50 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................ 126
Figure 51 Link Aggregation: Configuration ............................................................ 128
Figure 52 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 131
Figure 53 Port Authentication ................................................................................ 133
Figure 54 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................ 133
Figure 55 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................... 135
Figure 56 Port Security ......................................................................................... 138
Figure 57 Queuing Method ................................................................................... 143
Figure 58 Multicast Status. ..................................................................................... 146
Figure 59 Multicast Setting ..................................................................................... 147
Figure 60 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................ 150
Figure 61 MVR Network Example ......................................................................... 151
Figure 62 MVR Multicast Television Example ....................................................... 152
Figure 63 MVR ...................................................................................................... 153
Figure 64 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................... 155
Figure 65 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 156
Figure 66 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 157
Figure 67 MVR Group Configuration Example ..................................................... 158
Figure 68 MVR Group Configuration Example ...................................................... 158
Figure 69 DHCP Relay ........................................................................................... 160
Figure 70 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 161
Figure 71 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................... 163
Figure 72 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................... 164
Figure 73 DiffServ ................................................................................................. 165
Figure 74 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ......................................................................... 167
Figure 75 Maintenance ........................................................................................ 169
Figure 76 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................... 170
Figure 77 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................... 171
Figure 78 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................... 172
Figure 79 Restore Configuration ........................................................................... 172
Figure 80 Backup Configuration ............................................................................ 173
Figure 81 Access Control ...................................................................................... 177
20 List of Figures
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 82 SNMP Management Model .................................................................. 178
Figure 83 Access Control: SNMP ......................................................................... 180
Figure 84 Access Control: Logins ......................................................................... 181
Figure 85 SSH Communication Example ............................................................... 182
Figure 86 How SSH Works .................................................................................... 183
Figure 87 HTTPS Implementation .......................................................................... 184
Figure 88 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ......................................... 185
Figure 89 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................... 186
Figure 90 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................... 186
Figure 91 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection ..................................... 187
Figure 92 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................... 188
Figure 93 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................. 189
Figure 94 Diagnostic ............................................................................................. 191
Figure 95 Syslog ................................................................................................... 194
Figure 96 Syslog: Server Setup ............................................................................ 195
Figure 97 Clustering Application Example ............................................................ 198
Figure 98 Clustering Management: Status ............................................................ 199
Figure 99 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ........ 200
Figure 100 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............... 201
Figure 101 Clustering Management Configuration .............................................. 202
Figure 102 MAC Table Flowchart .......................................................................... 205
Figure 103 MAC Table .......................................................................................... 206
Figure 104 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 208
Figure 105 Configure Clone .................................................................................. 209
Figure 106 no port-access-authenticator Command Example .............................. 255
Figure 107 Pop-up Blocker .................................................................................... 282
Figure 108 Internet Options .................................................................................. 283
Figure 109 Internet Options ................................................................................... 284
Figure 110 Pop-up Blocker Settings ....................................................................... 285
Figure 111 Internet Options .................................................................................... 286
Figure 112 Security Settings - Java Scripting ........................................................ 287
Figure 113 Security Settings - Java ....................................................................... 288
Figure 114 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 289
List of Figures 21
ES-2048 User’s Guide
22 List of Figures
ES-2048 User’s Guide
List of Tables
Table 1 Panel Connections ................................................................................... 41
Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................... 45
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 49
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details ............................................. 50
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 50
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................ 62
Table 7 Status: Port Details ................................................................................... 64
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................... 68
Table 9 General Setup .......................................................................................... 70
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 72
Table 11 IP Setup .................................................................................................. 76
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 78
Table 13 IEEE 802.1q Terminology ....................................................................... 82
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................ 84
Table 15 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................ 85
Table 16 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 88
Table 17 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 90
Table 18 Protocol Based VLAN Setup .................................................................. 92
Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 97
Table 20 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................... 100
Table 21 FIltering ................................................................................................... 103
Table 22 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 105
Table 23 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 106
Table 24 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .............................................................. 107
Table 25 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................... 110
Table 26 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................. 114
Table 27 Broadcast Storm Control ........................................................................ 118
Table 28 Mirroring ................................................................................................. 122
Table 29 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch .......................................................... 126
Table 30 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ........................................................... 126
Table 31 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................... 127
Table 32 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration .................................. 129
Table 33 Supported VSA ....................................................................................... 132
Table 34 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ....................................................... 132
Table 35 Port Authentication: RADIUS .................................................................. 133
Table 36 Port Authentication: 802.1x .................................................................... 136
Table 37 Port Security ........................................................................................... 138
Table 38 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 144
List of Tables 23
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Table 39 Multicast Status ...................................................................................... 146
Table 40 Multicast Setting ..................................................................................... 148
Table 41 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................. 150
Table 42 MVR ........................................................................................................ 154
Table 43 MVR: Group Configuration ..................................................................... 155
Table 44 DHCP Relay ........................................................................................... 160
Table 45 Static Routing ......................................................................................... 161
Table 46 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 165
Table 47 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 166
Table 48 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 167
Table 49 Maintenance ........................................................................................... 169
Table 50 Filename Conventions ............................................................................ 173
Table 51 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .................................... 175
Table 52 Access Control Overview ....................................................................... 177
Table 53 SNMP Commands .................................................................................. 178
Table 54 SNMP Traps ........................................................................................... 179
Table 55 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 180
Table 56 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................... 181
Table 57 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................ 188
Table 58 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 189
Table 59 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 191
Table 60 Syslog Severity Levels ........................................................................... 193
Table 61 Syslog ..................................................................................................... 194
Table 62 Syslog: Server Setup .............................................................................. 195
Table 63 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ....................................... 197
Table 64 Clustering Management: Status ............................................................. 199
Table 65 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 201
Table 66 Clustering Management Configuration ................................................... 202
Table 67 MAC Table .............................................................................................. 206
Table 68 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 208
Table 69 Configure Clone ...................................................................................... 209
Table 70 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ................................................... 214
Table 71 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 218
Table 72 Command Summary: Enable Mode ....................................................... 219
Table 73 Command Summary: Configuration Mode ............................................. 224
Table 74 interface port-channel Commands ......................................................... 233
Table 75 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 237
Table 76 mvr Commands ...................................................................................... 239
Table 77 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch .......................................... 281
Table 78 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................... 281
Table 79 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................... 289
Table 80 General Product Specifications .............................................................. 291
Table 81 Management Specifications .................................................................... 292
24 List of Tables
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Table 82 Physical and Environmental Specifications ............................................ 292
Table 83 Classes of IP Addresses ........................................................................ 296
Table 84 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ...................................................... 296
Table 85 “Natural” Masks ..................................................................................... 297
Table 86 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation .......................................................... 297
Table 87 Two Subnets Example ............................................................................ 298
Table 88 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................. 298
Table 89 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................. 299
Table 90 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................. 299
Table 91 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................. 300
Table 92 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................. 300
Table 93 Subnet 4 ................................................................................................. 300
Table 94 Eight Subnets ......................................................................................... 301
Table 95 Class C Subnet Planning ........................................................................ 301
Table 96 Class B Subnet Planning ........................................................................ 302
List of Tables 25
ES-2048 User’s Guide
26 List of Tables
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the ES-2048 Intelligent Layer 2 Switch.
This preface introduces you to the ES-2048 Intelligent Layer 2 Switch and discusses the
conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
ES-2048 for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please go to http://www.zyxel.com for product news, firmware, updated documents, and
other support materials.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “In Windows, click
Start, Settings and then Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point
your mouse pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
• The ES-2048 Intelligent Layer 2 Switch may be referred to as “the ES-2048”, “the
switch”, or “the device” in this User’s Guide.
[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
[ENTER] means the Enter, or
Preface 27
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Graphics Icons Key
ES-2048 Computer Server
Computer DSLAM Gateway
Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.
28 Preface
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.
1.1 Introduction
The ES-2048 is a stand-alone layer 2 Ethernet switch with 48 10/100Mbps ports, 2 dual
personality interfaces for uplink as well as a console port and a management port for local
management. A dual personality interface includes one Gigabit port and one slot for miniGBIC transceiver (SFP module) with one port active at a time.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.
ES-2048 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 1
1.2 Software Features
This section describes the general software features of the switch.
DHCP Client
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP client to obtain TCP/IP information (such as the IP address and subnet
mask) from a DHCP server. If you disable the DHCP service, you must manually enter the
TCP/IP information.
VLAN
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
Queuing
Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Three scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ), Weighted Round
Robin (WRR) and Weighted Fair Schedule (WFS). This allows the switch to maintain separate
queues for packets from each individual source or flow and prevent a source from
monopolizing the bandwidth.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 29
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.
Static Route
Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
IGMP Snooping
The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast traffic
passing through your switch.
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand
(MoD)) using multicast traffic across a network. MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to
be shared among different subscriber VLANs on the network.
This improves bandwidth utilization by reducing multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs
and simplifies multicast group management.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
Port Authentication and Security
For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.
30 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Cluster Management
Cluster Management allows you to manage switches through one switch, called the cluster
manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in the same VLAN group so as to be
able to communicate with one another using same cluster management implementation.
Maintenance and Management Features
• Access Control
You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.
• Cluster Management
Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.
• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance
You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.
IP Protocols
• IP Host (No routing)
• Telnet for configuration and monitoring
• SNMP for management
• SNMP MIB II (RFC 1213)
• SNMP v1 RFC 1157
• SNMPv2, SNMPv2c or later version, compliant with RFC 2011
SNMPv2 MIB for IP, RFC 2012 SNMPv2 MIB for TCP, RFC 2013
SNMPv2 MIB for UDP
• Ethernet MIBs RFC 1643
• Bridge MIBs RFC 1493
• SMI RFC 1155
• RMON RFC 1757
• SNMPv2, SNMPv2c RFC 2674
System Monitoring
• System status (link status, rates, statistics counters)
•SNMP
• Temperatures, voltage, fan speed reports and alarms
• Port Mirroring allows you to analyze one port's traffic from another.
Security
• System management password protection
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 31
ES-2048 User’s Guide
• Port-based VLAN
• IEEE 802.1Q VLAN
• 802.1x Authentication
• Limit dynamic port MAC address learning
• Static MAC address filtering
Bandwidth Control
• The ES-2048 supports rate limiting in 64 Kbps increments allowing you to create
different service plans.
• The ES-2048 supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only
forwarded to ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly
reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.
• Broadcast storm control
Quality of Service
• Eight queues so you can ensure mission-critical data gets delivered on time.
• Follows the IEEE 802.1p priority setting standard based on source/destination MAC
addresses.
1.3 Hardware Features
This section describes the hardware features of the ES-2048.
Power
The ES-2048 requires 100~240VAC/1.5A power.
48 10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Ports
Connect up to 48 computers or switches to the 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, automatic cable
sensing (auto-MDIX) Ethernet RJ-45 ports. All Ethernet ports support:
• IEEE 802.3/3u/3z/3ab standards
• Back pressure flow control in half duplex mode
• IEEE 802.3x flow control in full duplex mode
Two Gigabit Ethernet Ports for Uplink Modules
The gigabit ports allow the ES-2048 to connect to another WAN switch or daisy-chain to other
switches.
32 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Two Slots for Mini-GBIC Modules
The mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) module transceivers allow flexibility in
connection options. You can use mini-GBIC transceivers for fiber connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
iStacking
Up to 24 switches may be stacked.
Console Port
Use the console port for local management of the switch.
Fans
The fans cool the switch sufficiently to allow reliable operation of the switch in even poorly
ventilated rooms or basements.
1.4 Applications
This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.
1.4.1 Backbone Application
In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.
The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 33
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 1 Backbone Application
1.4.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.
Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example
The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
34 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
This section shows a workgroup and a shared server example using 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 81.
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 35
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
36 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Hardware Installation and
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
ES-2048 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Connection
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help
protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet
Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 37
ES-2048 User’s Guide
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
switch.
4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
38 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
ES-2048 User’s Guide
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 39
ES-2048 User’s Guide
40 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.
3.1 Panel Connections
The figures below show the front panel and the rear panel of the switch.
Figure 9 Front Panel
ES-2048 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC
Dual Personality Interfaces
Figure 10 Rear Panel
Console Port
The following table describes the ports on the panels.
Table 1 Panel Connections
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
48 10/100
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports
Two Du al
Personality
Interfaces
10/100 Mbps Ethernet PortsLEDs
Management Port
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
Power Receptacle
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 41
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Table 1 Panel Connections (continued)
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
2 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit
Ports
2 MiniGBIC Ports
Console Port Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line
Management
Port
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
interface (CLI) via the console port.
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
switch.
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports
The switch has 48 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/
100Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10Mbps or 100Mbps and the duplex mode can be
half duplex or full duplex.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled. The speed of the Gigabit
Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half
duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (100/
1000Mpbs) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:
42 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 43
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 12 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example
3.1.4 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to the power
source. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
44 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.2 LEDs
The following table describes the LEDs on the switch.
Table 2 LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
48 Ethernet Ports
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
Uplink Gigabit Port
1000 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
MGMT
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
Off The system is functioning normally.
On The port is connected at 10Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 1000/10Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 1000/10Mbps or to an Ethernet
device.
On The port is connected at 100Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
On The port is connected at 10 Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100 Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 45
ES-2048 User’s Guide
46 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
ES-2048 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default for the
management port is 192.168.0.1 and for the switch port is 192.168.1.1) in the Location or
Address field. Press
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login
[ENTER].
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 47
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4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
B
C
D
E
A
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.
B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.
B - Click this link to save your configuration into the switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is the configuration of your switch that stays the same even if the
switch’s power is turned off.
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the switch.
D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.
48 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
4.4 Menu Overview
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
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BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 49
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The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
Protocol Based
VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation
Status
Configuration
Port Authentication
RADIUS
802.1x
Port Security
Queuing Method
Multicast
Multicast Status
Multicast Setting
IGMP Filtering
Profile
MVR
DHCP Relay
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
Static Routing
DiffServ
DiffServ Setting
DSCP Setting
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore
Configuration
Backup
Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access
Control
Remote
Management
Diagnostic
Syslog
Setup
Server Setup
Cluster Management
Status
Configuration
MAC Table
ARP Table
Configure Clone
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information about the switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such
50 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the management IP
address, subnet mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name
server).
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch
ports.
Advanced
Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu). You can also
configure protocol-based VLANs.
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate maximum port security
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure strictly priority or weighted
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features
DHCP Relay This link takes you to a screen where you can configure DHCP relay information
Routing Protocol
Static Routing This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can configure DiffServ and DSCP settings.
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum incoming bandwidth
allowed on specified port(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
through the use of configured static MAC addresses.
fair scheduling with associated queue weights for each port.
and create multicast VLANs.
and specify the DHCP server(s).
defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 51
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log
server.
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can clone port attributes of a port and
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
transfer them to other port(s).
4.4.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password
4.5 Saving Your Configuration
When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the ES-2048’s power
is turned off.
52 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the ES-2048’s storage that
remains even if the ES-2048’s power is turned off.
Note: Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.
4.6 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) if you do one of the following:
1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the switch.
3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disable all ports.
ES-2048 User’s Guide
5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.
6 Forget the password and/or IP address.
7 Prevent all services from accessing the switch.
8 Change a service port number but forget it.
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch. If you do lock
yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the ES-2048.
4.7 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) out of the switch, you can try using out-of-band management.
If you still cannot correct the situation or forgot the password, you will need to reload the
factory-default configuration file.
4.7.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 53
ES-2048 User’s Guide
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 42 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
5 Wait for the “
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
upload on your terminal.
6 This is an example Xmodem configuration upload using HyperTerminal. Click Transfer,
then Send File to display the following screen.
Figure 18 Example Xmodem Upload
Type the configuration file's
location, or click Browse to
search for it.
Choose the 1K Xmodem
protocol.
Then click Send.
7 After a configuration file upload, type atgo to restart the switch.
54 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 19 Reload the Configuration file: Via Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.6 | 03/06/2006 09:21:13
RAM:Size = 32 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: 3.70(AID.0)b0 | 4/28/2006 17:27:36
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
.................................
Enter Debug Mode
ES-2048> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 262144 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
ES-2048> atgo
The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.
4.7.2 Reset to the Factory Defaults
To reset the switch back to the factory defaults, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See the
chapter on hardware connections for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch's power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch's power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message "
seconds
4 Type
" press any key to enter debug mode.
atbr after the "Enter Debug Mode" message.
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 55
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 20 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.6 | 03/06/2006 09:21:13
RAM:Size = 32 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: 3.70(AID.0)b0 | 4/28/2006 17:27:36
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
.................................
Enter Debug Mode
ES-2048> atbr
Restore default
Romfile.........................................................
..........OK
ES-2048> atgo
5 After the resetting, type atgo to restart the switch.
4.8 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session both for
security reasons and so as you don’t lock out other switch administrators.
Figure 21 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.9 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
56 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the switch IP management address
ES-2048 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 57
ES-2048 User’s Guide
1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
2 In the Static VLAN screen, select
ACTIVE, enter a descriptive name
in the Name field and enter 2 in the
VLAN Group ID field for the
VLAN2 network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in
this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the switch, select Fixed to configure
port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the ES-2048’s power is turned off.
5.1.2 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
58 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced Applications
and VLAN in the navigation
panel. Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for port
1 and click Apply to save your
changes back to the run-time
memory. Settings in the run-time
memory are lost when the ES2048’s power is turned off.
ES-2048 User’s Guide
5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address
The default in-band management IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure
another IP address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows
an example.
Figure 24 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is
in the same subnet as the switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar
to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 47 for more information.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 59
ES-2048 User’s Guide
3 Click Basic Setting and IP Setup
in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the VLAN2 network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP address
to belong. This is the same as the
VLAN ID you configure in the
Static VLAN screen.
6 Select the Manageable check box
to allow the switch to be managed
from the ports belonging to
VLAN2 using this specified IP
address.
Click click Add to save your changes
back to the run-time memory. Settings
in the run-time memory are lost when the ES-2048’s power is turned off.
60 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary table with links to
each port showing statistical details.
ES-2048 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 61
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 25 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting, Port Setup screen.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
62 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
screen (refer to Figure 26 on page 64).
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). It also shows the cable
type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
port (see Section 11.1 on page 105 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
enabled on the port.
Table 6 Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
been up.
Clear Counter Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical
information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 63
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Figure 26 Status: Port Details
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field displays the port number.
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting, Port Setup screen.
Link This field shows whether the Ethernet connection is down, and the speed/duplex
mode. It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
64 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port
(see Section 11.1 on page 105 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
transmitted.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
received.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control received (including those with CRC error) but it
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission was inhibited
Excessive This is a count of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of frames received with a length that was out of range.
does not include the 802.3x Pause frames.
exactly one collision.
by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
frame have already been transmitted.
error(s).
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 65
ES-2048 User’s Guide
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
66 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address, subnet mask(s) and DNS
(domain name server) for management purposes.
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
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Figure 27 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch
Current This field displays the current temperature measured at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
Fan speed
(RPM)
This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.
The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
68 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
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Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage (V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the minimum voltage at which the switch should work.
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
7.3 General Setup
Use this screen to enter administrative details, time settings and login precedence. Click Basic
Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
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Figure 28 General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Location Enter the geographic location of your switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
characters; spaces are allowed.
Contact Person's
Name
Login
Precedence
Enter the name of the person in charge of this switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.
Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).
Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.
Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.
Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.
Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username, password and the access privilege.
70 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 9 General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
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Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 81 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 29 Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 81 for more information.
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
MAC Address
Learning
72 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Select Active to allow the switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
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Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
variations in delay).
Network Architecture) transactions.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
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7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add switch IP address.
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses
The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
You can configure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch from
the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).
Note: You must configure a VLAN first.
74 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 30 IP Setup
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting 75
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Domain
Name Server
Default
Management
In-band
Management
IP Address
DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the switch an IP address,
Static IP
Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the switch IP address. VID is the
Out-of-band Management IP Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.0.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
In-band IP
Addresses
IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the switch by the members of the VLAN specified in
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the out-of-band
management port. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the out-of-band
management port to which connected device(s) do not receive these packets.
subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server IP address
automatically.
Select this option if you don’t have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP
address information to the switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you select
this option.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All ports, by
default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device
from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port cannot
access the device. To access the switch make sure the port that you are connected to is
a member of Management VLAN.
If you change this IP address, make sure the computer connected to this management
port is in the same subnet before accessing the switch.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
You can create up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch
from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s). You must configure a VLAN first.
the VID field below.
76 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ES-2048 User’s Guide
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Default
Gateway
Manageable Select this option to allow the switch to be managed using this specified IP address.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch’s run-time memory. It then displays in the
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry. Click an index number to edit the rule.
IP Address This field displays the IP address of the ES-2048.
IP Subnet
Mask
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the network.
Default
Gateway
Manageable This field displays whether the switch can be managed using the specified IP address.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation.
summary table at the bottom of the screen.
This field displays the subnet mask of the ES-2048.
This field displays the IP address of the default outgoing gateway.
7.7 Port Setup
Full-duplex mode operation only applies to point-to-point access (for example, when attaching
the switch to a workstation, server, or another switch). When connecting to hubs, use a
standard cascaded connection set at half-duplex operation.
Auto-negotiation regulates the speed and duplex of each port, based on the capability of both
devices. When auto-negotiation is turned on, an Ethernet port on the ZyXEL switch negotiates
with the peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer
Ethernet port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the ZyXEL switch
determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex
mode. When the ZyXEL switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, an Ethernet port uses the
preconfigured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make
sure that the settings of the peer Ethernet port are the same in order to connect.
Use this screen to configure switch port settings. Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in
the navigation panel to enter the port configuration screen.
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Figure 31 Port Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Port This is the port index number.
78 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
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Table 12 Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-
numerical characters.
Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in
some web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet/Fast Ethernet connection and 10/100/
1000M for Gigabit connections.
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex (for Gigabit ports only).
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 72 for more information.
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tun nel to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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80 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
CHAPTER 8F
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
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VLAN
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 (212) VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN
ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from
an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first decides
where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default
VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common GARP terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1q Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified don't tag all outgoing
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
frames transmitted.
82 Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 13 IEEE 802.1q Terminology (continued)
VLAN PARAMETER TER M DESCRIPTION
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Acceptable frame
type
Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
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this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.
that do not have this port as a member
Figure 32 Port VLAN Trunking
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
1 Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
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Figure 33 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
See Section 8.1 on page 81 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown
next.
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN
84 Chapter 8 VLAN
This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.
details.
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details
Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1
on page 81 for more information on static VLANs. Click on an index number in the VLAN
Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 35 Static VLAN Details
ES-2048 User’s Guide
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Static VLAN Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
VLAN was set up.
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).
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8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the switch. See Section
8.1 on page 81 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click
Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
86 Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 36 VLAN: Static VLAN
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 16 VLAN: Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Ye s) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
this VLAN Group ID.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
VLAN settings.
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings
Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.1 on page 81 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
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Figure 37 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management
Port This field displays the port number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the device discards incoming frames for
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable Frame
Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.
port and the Gigabit uplink ports but not communicate with each other. This option
is the most limiting but also the most secure.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All, Tag Only and Untag
Only.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
Select Untag Only to accept only untagged frames on this port. All tagged frames
will be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
8.6 Protocol Based VLANs
Protocol based VLANs allow you to group traffic into logical VLANs based on the protocol
you specify. When an upstream frame is received on a port (configured for a protocol based
VLAN), the switch checks if a tag is added already and its protocol. The untagged packets of
the same protocol are then placed in the same protocol based VLAN. One advantage of using
protocol based VLANs is that priority can be assigned to traffic of the same protocol.
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Note: Protocol based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only when
you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.
For example, port 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to static VLAN 100, and port 4, 5, 6, 7 belong to static
VLAN 120. You configure a protocol based VLAN A with priority 3 for ARP traffic received
on port 1, 2 and 3. You also have a protocol based VLAN B with priority 2 for Apple Talk
traffic received on port 6 and 7. All upstream ARP traffic from port 1, 2 and 3 will be grouped
together, and all upstream Apple Talk traffic from port 6 and 7 will be in another group and
have higher priority than ARP traffic, when they go through the uplink port to a backbone
switch C.
Figure 38 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example
8.7 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN
Click Protocol Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration
screen as shown.
Note: Protocol-based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only when
you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.
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Figure 39 Protocol Based VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Protocol Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Check this box to activate this protocol based VLAN.
Port Type a port to be included in this protocol based VLAN.
This port must belong to a static VLAN in order to participate in a protocol based
VLAN. See Section 8.1 on page 81 for more details on setting up VLANs.
Name Enter up to 11 alphanumeric characters to identify this protocol based VLAN.
Ethernet-type Use the drop down list box to select a predefined protocol to be included in this
protocol based VLAN or select Others and type the protocol number in hexadecimal
notation. For example the IP protocol in hexadecimal notation is 0800, and Novell IPX
protocol is 8137.
Note: Protocols in the hexadecimal number range of 0x0000 to 0x05ff
are not allowed to be used for protocol based VLANs.
VID Enter the ID of a VLAN to which the port belongs. This must be an existing VLAN
which you defined in the Advanced Applications, VLAN screens.
Priority Select the priority level that the switch will assign to frames belonging to this VLAN.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Index This is the index number identifying this protocol based VLAN. Click on any of these
numbers to edit an existing protocol based VLAN.
Active This field shows whether the protocol based VLAN is active or not.
Port This field shows which port belongs to this protocol based VLAN.
Name This field shows the name the protocol based VLAN.
Ethernet Type This field shows which Ethernet protocol is part of this protocol based VLAN.
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Table 18 Protocol Based VLAN Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VID This field shows the VLAN ID of the port.
Priority This field shows the priority which is assigned to frames belonging to this protocol
based VLAN.
Delete Click this to delete the protocol based VLANs which you marked for deletion.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
8.8 Create an IP-based VLAN Example
This example shows you how to create an IP VLAN which includes ports 1, 4 and 8. Follow
these steps:
1 Activate this protocol based VLAN.
2 Type the port number you want to include in this protocol based VLAN. Type 1.
3 Give this protocol-based VLAN a descriptive name. Type IP-VLAN.
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4 Select the protocol. Leave the default value IP.
5 Type the VLAN ID of an existing VLAN. In our example we already created a static
VLAN with an ID of 5. Type 5.
6 Leave the priority set to 0 and click Add.
Figure 40 Protocol Based VLAN Configuration Example
To add more ports to this protocol based VLAN.
1 Click the index number of the protocol based VLAN entry. Click 1
2 Change the value in the Port field to the next port you want to add.
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3 Click Add.
8.9 Port Based VLAN Setup
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.
Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.9.1 Configure a Port Based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen (see Figure 33 on page 84)
and then click VLAN from the navigation panel to display the next screen.
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Figure 41 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
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Figure 42 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
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