ES-2024 Series
Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.80
11/2 007
Edition 2
DEFAULT LOGIN
IP Address http://192.168.1.1
User Name admin
Password 1234
www.zyxel.com
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ES-2024 using the web
configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and
topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide contains information on setting up your hardware.
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• CLI Reference Guide
The CLI Reference Guide is intended for people who want to configure the ES-2024 via
commands.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.
• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
for additional support documentation and product
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
3
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The ES-2024A and ES-2024PWR may be referred to as the “ES-2024”, “Switch”, the
“device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide. Differentiation is made
where needed.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command keywords are in
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• An arrow (-->) indicates that this line is a continuation of the previous line.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
courier new font.
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ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an
exact representation of your device.
Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
5
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right
supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• CAUTION: RISK OF EXPLOSION IF BATTERY (on the motherboard) IS REPLACED
BY AN INCORRECT TYPE. DISPOSE OF USED BATTERIES ACCORDING TO THE
INSTRUCTIONS. Dispose them at the applicable collection point for the recycling of
electrical and electronic equipment. For detailed information about recycling of this
product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the
store where you purchased the product.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• The PoE (Power over Ethernet) devices that supply or receive power and their connected
Ethernet cables must all be completely indoors.
6
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
Safety Warnings
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
7
Safety Warnings
8
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction ............................................................................................................................27
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 29
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 33
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 37
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................43
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 45
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 55
System Status and Port Statistics ..............................................................................................59
Basic Setting ............................................................................................................................. 65
Advanced Setup .....................................................................................................................77
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 79
Static MAC Forward Setup ........................................................................................................ 91
Filtering ...................................................................................................................................... 93
Spanning Tree Protocol ............................................................................................................. 95
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................................... 109
Broadcast Storm Control .......................................................................................................... 111
Mirroring ...................................................................................................................................113
Link Aggregation .......................................................................................................................115
Port Authentication .................................................................................................................. 121
Port Security ............................................................................................................................ 125
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 129
Multicast .................................................................................................................................. 131
Authentication & Accounting ....................................................................................................145
IP Source Guard ...................................................................................................................... 159
Loop Guard .............................................................................................................................. 169
IP Application ....................................................................................................................... 173
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 175
Differentiated Services ............................................................................................................. 179
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 183
Management .........................................................................................................................189
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 191
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 197
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 215
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
9
Contents Overview
Syslog ...................................................................................................................................... 217
Cluster Management ............................................................................................................... 221
MAC Table ............................................................................................................................... 227
ARP Table ................................................................................................................................ 229
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 231
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 233
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ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11
List of Figures .........................................................................................................................19
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................23
Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 27
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................29
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 29
1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................. 29
1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 30
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example ....................................................................... 30
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................ 31
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch ................................................................................................ 32
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch ................................................................................. 32
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................33
2.1 Freestanding Installation ..................................................................................................... 33
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ........................................................................................... 34
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements ................................................................. 34
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 34
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 35
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview.................................................................................................................37
3.1 Front Panel Connection ....................................................................................................... 37
3.1.1 Console Port .............................................................................................................. 38
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ............................................................................................................ 38
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Table of Contents
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots ..........................................................................................................39
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................... 40
3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 40
3.3 LEDs .................................................................................................................................... 41
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 43
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................45
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 45
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................................... 45
4.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 46
4.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 50
4.4 Saving Your Configuration ................................................................................................... 51
4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................. 51
4.6 Resetting the Switch ......................................................................................................... 51
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................................... 52
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................................. 52
4.8 Help .................................................................................................................................... 53
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................55
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 55
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 55
5.1.2 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................56
5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ............................................................. 57
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics......................................................................................... 59
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 59
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................................... 59
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................60
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ..........................................................................................................................65
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 65
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................................... 65
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................................. 67
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................................... 69
7.5 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................................ 70
7.6 IP Setup ............................................................................................................................ 71
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Table of Contents
7.6.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................................... 72
7.7 Port Setup ........................................................................................................................... 74
Part III: Advanced Setup........................................................................ 77
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................79
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................................. 79
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 79
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ............................................................................................. 80
8.2.1 GARP ......................................................................................................................... 80
8.2.2 GVRP ......................................................................................................................... 80
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................ 81
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ........................................................................................................ 81
8.5 Static VLAN ......................................................................................................................... 81
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status .................................................................................................... 82
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................................... 82
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................................ 83
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................................ 84
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup .................................................................................................86
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ................................................................................... 86
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup.....................................................................................................91
9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 91
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................................... 91
Chapter 10
Filtering....................................................................................................................................93
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule ............................................................................................... 93
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol..........................................................................................................95
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview .......................................................................................................95
11.1.1 STP Terminology ..................................................................................................... 95
11.1.2 How STP Works ...................................................................................................... 96
11.1.3 STP Port States ....................................................................................................... 97
11.1.4 Multiple STP ............................................................................................................. 97
11.2 Spanning Tree Configuration Screen ................................................................................. 99
11.3 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ..................................................................... 100
11.4 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ........................................................................ 102
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Table of Contents
11.5 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................. 103
11.6 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status ..................................................................... 105
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................109
12.1 Bandwidth Control Setup ................................................................................................ 109
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control ..................................................................................................... 111
13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ....................................................................................... 111
Chapter 14
Mirroring ................................................................................................................................ 113
14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ........................................................................................................113
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation .................................................................................................................. 115
15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ..............................................................................................115
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ...............................................................................................115
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ................................................................................................116
15.3 Link Aggregation Status ...................................................................................................116
15.4 Link Aggregation Setting .................................................................................................117
15.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol .................................................................................118
15.6 Static Trunking Example ...................................................................................................119
Chapter 16
Port Authentication...............................................................................................................121
16.1 Port Authentication Overview ......................................................................................... 121
16.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication ................................................................................... 121
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration .................................................................................... 122
16.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................................... 122
Chapter 17
Port Security..........................................................................................................................125
17.1 Port Security Overview ...................................................................................................125
17.2 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................................... 125
17.3 Port Security Example .....................................................................................................127
Chapter 18
Queuing Method....................................................................................................................129
18.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................................. 129
18.1.1 Strictly Priority Queuing .......................................................................................... 129
18.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 129
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ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
18.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 130
Chapter 19
Multicast ................................................................................................................................131
19.1 Multicast Overview ......................................................................................................... 131
19.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 131
19.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 131
19.1.3 IGMP Snooping ..................................................................................................... 131
19.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANs ................................................................................... 132
19.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................................. 132
19.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................................. 132
19.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN .................................................................................................... 134
19.5 IGMP Filtering Profile ..................................................................................................... 136
19.6 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 137
19.6.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 137
19.6.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 138
19.6.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 138
19.7 General MVR Configuration ............................................................................................ 138
19.8 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................................. 140
19.8.1 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................................. 141
Chapter 20
Authentication & Accounting ..............................................................................................145
20.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ................................................................ 145
20.1.1 Local User Accounts .............................................................................................. 145
20.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+ ........................................................................................ 146
20.2 Authentication and Accounting Screens .......................................................................... 146
20.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup ........................................................................................ 146
20.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................................................................... 148
20.2.3 Authentication and Accounting Setup ................................................................ 150
20.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute ........................................................................................ 153
20.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes ......................................................................................... 154
20.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication .......................................................................... 155
20.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting ............................................................................... 155
Chapter 21
IP Source Guard....................................................................................................................159
21.1 IP Source Guard Overview .............................................................................................. 159
21.1.1 ARP Inspection Overview ...................................................................................... 159
21.2 IP Source Guard .............................................................................................................. 161
21.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding ....................................................................................... 161
21.4 ARP Inspection Status .....................................................................................................163
21.4.1 ARP Inspection Log Status .................................................................................... 163
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Table of Contents
21.5 ARP Inspection Configure ............................................................................................... 164
21.5.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure .............................................................................. 166
21.5.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................... 167
Chapter 22
Loop Guard............................................................................................................................169
22.1 Loop Guard Overview ..................................................................................................... 169
22.2 Loop Guard Setup ........................................................................................................... 171
Part IV: IP Application.......................................................................... 173
Chapter 23
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 175
23.1 Static Routing Overview ................................................................................................. 175
23.2 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................................. 175
Chapter 24
Differentiated Services.........................................................................................................179
24.1 DiffServ Overview ........................................................................................................... 179
24.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 179
24.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................................... 180
24.2 Activating DiffServ .......................................................................................................... 180
24.3 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings ...................................................................... 181
24.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................................... 182
Chapter 25
DHCP......................................................................................................................................183
25.1 DHCP Overview ............................................................................................................. 183
25.1.1 DHCP Modes ........................................................................................................ 183
25.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options ................................................................................. 183
25.2 DHCP Status ................................................................................................................... 183
25.3 DHCP Relay ................................................................................................................... 184
25.3.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................................. 184
25.3.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay ............................................................................ 185
25.3.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example .......................................................... 185
25.4 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings ................................................................................ 186
25.4.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs .................................................................. 188
Part V: Management............................................................................. 189
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ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 26
Maintenance ..........................................................................................................................191
26.1 The Maintenance Screen ............................................................................................... 191
26.2 Load Factory Default ...................................................................................................... 192
26.3 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 192
26.4 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 193
26.5 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 193
26.6 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 194
26.7 Backup a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 194
26.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 195
26.8.1 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................... 195
26.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................ 195
26.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 196
26.8.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................................... 196
Chapter 27
Access Control......................................................................................................................197
27.1 Access Control Overview ............................................................................................ 197
27.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................................... 197
27.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................................. 198
27.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security ........................................................................................... 199
27.3.2 Supported MIBs ................................................................................................... 199
27.3.3 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................... 199
27.3.4 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................................. 202
27.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group ........................................................................... 204
27.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................................. 205
27.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 207
27.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................................... 207
27.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................................. 208
27.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................................. 208
27.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................208
27.8 HTTPS Example .............................................................................................................. 209
27.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 209
27.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 210
27.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................................... 210
27.9 Service Port Access Control ..........................................................................................211
27.10 Remote Management ............................................................................................... 212
Chapter 28
Diagnostic..............................................................................................................................215
28.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................................... 215
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Chapter 29
Syslog ....................................................................................................................................217
29.1 Syslog Overview .............................................................................................................. 217
29.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................................. 217
29.3 Syslog Server Setup ....................................................................................................... 218
Chapter 30
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................221
30.1 Clustering Management Status Overview ...................................................................... 221
30.2 Cluster Management Status ........................................................................................... 222
30.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................................... 223
30.3 Clustering Management Configuration .......................................................................... 224
Chapter 31
MAC Table..............................................................................................................................227
31.1 MAC Table Overview ...................................................................................................... 227
31.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................................... 228
Chapter 32
ARP Table ..............................................................................................................................229
32.1 ARP Table Overview .......................................................................................................229
32.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................... 229
32.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................................... 229
Chapter 33
Configure Clone....................................................................................................................231
33.1 Configure Clone .............................................................................................................. 231
Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 233
Appendix A Product Specifications.......................................................................................235
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................243
Appendix C Legal Information ..............................................................................................251
Appendix D Customer Support............................................................................................. 255
Index.......................................................................................................................................261
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ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................................................. 29
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................ 30
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................................................... 31
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................................................... 31
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet ............................................................................................................ 33
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................................................. 34
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ............................................................................................... 35
Figure 8 Front Panel: ES-2024A ........................................................................................................... 37
Figure 9 Front Panel: ES-2024PWR ..................................................................................................... 37
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................................................... 39
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver .............................................................................................................. 39
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................................................ 40
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................................................. 40
Figure 14 AC Rear Panel ...................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 15 DC Rear Panel ...................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 16 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................................................... 46
Figure 17 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................................................. 46
Figure 18 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................................................50
Figure 19 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................................................... 52
Figure 20 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ......................................................................................... 53
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................................... 55
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................................................... 57
Figure 23 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................................................... 57
Figure 24 Status .................................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 25 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................................. 61
Figure 26 Basic Setting > System Info .................................................................................................. 66
Figure 27 Basic Setting > General Setup .............................................................................................. 68
Figure 28 Basic Setting > Switch Setup ................................................................................................ 70
Figure 29 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 72
Figure 30 Basic Setting > Port Setup .................................................................................................... 74
Figure 31 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................... 81
Figure 32 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................................................... 81
Figure 33 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status ......................................................................... 82
Figure 34 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 82
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ...................................................................... 83
Figure 36 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................. 85
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) ............................ 87
Figure 38 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................. 88
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
19
List of Figures
Figure 39 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................... 91
Figure 40 Advanced Application > Filtering ........................................................................................... 93
Figure 41 STP/RSTP Network Example ................................................................................................ 98
Figure 42 MSTP Network Example ........................................................................................................ 98
Figure 43 MSTIs in Different Regions ................................................................................................... 99
Figure 44 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example ......................................................................... 99
Figure 45 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol ................................................................ 100
Figure 46 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP ................................................... 100
Figure 47 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP ....................................... 102
Figure 48 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................. 103
Figure 49 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ...................................... 106
Figure 50 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control ........................................................................ 109
Figure 51 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control ...............................................................111
Figure 52 Advanced Application > Mirroring .........................................................................................113
Figure 53 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status .................................................................116
Figure 54 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ................................117
Figure 55 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP ...................118
Figure 56 Trunking Example - Physical Connections ........................................................................... 120
Figure 57 Trunking Example - Configuration Screen ............................................................................ 120
Figure 58 IEEE 802.1x Authentication Process ................................................................................... 122
Figure 59 Advanced Application > Port Authentication ....................................................................... 122
Figure 60 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x ........................................................ 123
Figure 61 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................. 126
Figure 62 Port Security Example ......................................................................................................... 127
Figure 63 Advanced Application > Queuing Method ........................................................................... 130
Figure 64 Advanced Application > Multicast ........................................................................................ 132
Figure 65 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ......................................................... 133
Figure 66 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................. 135
Figure 67 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile ................... 136
Figure 68 MVR Network Example ....................................................................................................... 137
Figure 69 MVR Multicast Television Example ..................................................................................... 138
Figure 70 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................. 139
Figure 71 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 141
Figure 72 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 142
Figure 73 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 142
Figure 74 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................................... 143
Figure 75 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................................... 143
Figure 76 AAA Server .......................................................................................................................... 145
Figure 77 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct ............................................................................... 146
Figure 78 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ........................................ 147
Figure 79 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................... 149
Figure 80 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup .......................................... 151
Figure 81 Example: Man-in-the-middle Attack ..................................................................................... 159
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ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 82 IP Source Guard ................................................................................................................... 161
Figure 83 IP Source Guard Static Binding ............................................................................................ 162
Figure 84 ARP Inspection Status .......................................................................................................... 163
Figure 85 ARP Inspection Log Status ................................................................................................... 164
Figure 86 ARP Inspection Configure .................................................................................................... 165
Figure 87 ARP Inspection Port Configure ............................................................................................ 166
Figure 88 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure .......................................................................................... 167
Figure 89 Loop Guard vs. STP ............................................................................................................. 169
Figure 90 Switch in Loop State ............................................................................................................. 170
Figure 91 Loop Guard - Probe Packet .................................................................................................. 170
Figure 92 Loop Guard - Network Loop ................................................................................................. 170
Figure 93 Advanced Application > Loop Guard ....................................................................................171
Figure 94 Static Routing Overview ...................................................................................................... 175
Figure 95 IP Application > Static Routing ............................................................................................ 176
Figure 96 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................................................... 179
Figure 97 DiffServ Network ................................................................................................................. 180
Figure 98 IP Application > DiffServ ...................................................................................................... 181
Figure 99 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 182
Figure 100 IP Application > DHCP Status ........................................................................................... 184
Figure 101 IP Application > DHCP > Global ........................................................................................ 185
Figure 102 Global DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................................. 186
Figure 103 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................................................. 186
Figure 104 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ....................................................................................... 187
Figure 105 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs ............................................................................................. 188
Figure 106 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs Configuration Example ........................................................ 188
Figure 107 Management > Maintenance ............................................................................................. 191
Figure 108 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................................................ 192
Figure 109 Reboot System: Confirmation ........................................................................................... 193
Figure 110 Management > Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade ........................................................... 193
Figure 111 Management > Maintenance > Restore Configuration ...................................................... 194
Figure 112 Management > Maintenance > Backup Configuration ...................................................... 194
Figure 113 Management > Access Control ......................................................................................... 197
Figure 114 SNMP Management Model .............................................................................................. 198
Figure 115 Management > Access Control > SNMP ........................................................................... 202
Figure 116 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group ..................................................... 204
Figure 117 Management > Access Control > Logins ........................................................................... 206
Figure 118 SSH Communication Example ...........................................................................................207
Figure 119 How SSH Works ................................................................................................................. 207
Figure 120 HTTPS Implementation ...................................................................................................... 209
Figure 121 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................................... 209
Figure 122 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 210
Figure 123 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 210
Figure 124 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection ...................................................................211
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
21
List of Figures
Figure 125 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control ..................................................211
Figure 126 Management > Access Control > Remote Management .................................................. 212
Figure 127 Management > Diagnostic ................................................................................................. 215
Figure 128 Management > Syslog ....................................................................................................... 218
Figure 129 Management > Syslog > Server Setup ............................................................................. 219
Figure 130 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................................... 222
Figure 131 Management > Cluster Management ................................................................................ 222
Figure 132 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen .................................... 223
Figure 133 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............................................. 224
Figure 134 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration .................................................. 225
Figure 135 MAC Table Flowchart ........................................................................................................ 227
Figure 136 Management > MAC Table ................................................................................................ 228
Figure 137 Management > ARP Table ................................................................................................ 230
Figure 138 Management > Configure Clone .......................................................................................231
Figure 139 DC Power Plug ................................................................................................................... 235
Figure 140 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 244
Figure 141 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 246
Figure 142 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 247
22
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................... 38
Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 41
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................................................... 47
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................................................. 48
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................................................. 49
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................................................ 59
Table 7 Status > Port Details ................................................................................................................. 61
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info ...................................................................................................... 66
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup .................................................................................................. 68
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup .................................................................................................. 70
Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 72
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup ...................................................................................................... 74
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................................................ 80
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status .......................................................................... 82
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 83
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ......................................................................... 84
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................... 85
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup ....................................................... 89
Table 19 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ..................................................................... 92
Table 20 Advanced Application > Filtering ............................................................................................. 93
Table 21 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................................................... 96
Table 22 STP Port States ...................................................................................................................... 97
Table 23 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP .................................................... 100
Table 24 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP ........................................ 102
Table 25 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................... 104
Table 26 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ........................................ 106
Table 27 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control .......................................................................... 109
Table 28 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................112
Table 29 Advanced Application > Mirroring ..........................................................................................114
Table 30 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch .........................................................................................116
Table 31 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ..........................................................................................116
Table 32 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status ..................................................................116
Table 33 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ..................................117
Table 34 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP .....................119
Table 35 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x .......................................................... 123
Table 36 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................... 126
Table 37 Port Security Example .......................................................................................................... 128
Table 38 Physical Queue Priority ......................................................................................................... 129
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
23
List of Tables
Table 39 Advanced Application > Queuing Method ............................................................................. 130
Table 40 Multicast Status ..................................................................................................................... 132
Table 41 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ........................................................... 133
Table 42 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................... 135
Table 43 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile .................... 136
Table 44 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................... 139
Table 45 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 141
Table 46 RADIUS vs. TACACS+ ......................................................................................................... 146
Table 47 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ......................................... 147
Table 48 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ...................................... 149
Table 49 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup ............................................ 151
Table 50 Supported VSAs ................................................................................................................... 153
Table 51 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ..................................................................................... 154
Table 52 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ..................................................................... 156
Table 53 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Telnet/SSH ................................................................ 156
Table 54 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ..................................................................... 156
Table 55 IP Source Guard ................................................................................................................... 161
Table 56 IP Source Guard Static Binding ............................................................................................ 162
Table 57 ARP Inspection Status .......................................................................................................... 163
Table 58 ARP Inspection Log Status ................................................................................................... 164
Table 59 ARP Inspection Configure ..................................................................................................... 165
Table 60 ARP Inspection Port Configure ............................................................................................. 167
Table 61 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure .......................................................................................... 167
Table 62 Advanced Application > Loop Guard ....................................................................................171
Table 63 IP Application > Static Routing .............................................................................................. 176
Table 64 IP Application > DiffServ ....................................................................................................... 181
Table 65 Default DSCP-IEEE 802.1p Mapping ................................................................................... 182
Table 66 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting .............................................................................182
Table 67 IP Application > DHCP Status ............................................................................................... 184
Table 68 Relay Agent Information ....................................................................................................... 184
Table 69 IP Application > DHCP > Global ........................................................................................... 185
Table 70 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ............................................................................................ 187
Table 71 Management > Maintenance ................................................................................................ 191
Table 72 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................................... 195
Table 73 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .................................................................. 196
Table 74 Access Control Overview ...................................................................................................... 197
Table 75 SNMP Commands ................................................................................................................ 198
Table 76 SNMP System Traps ............................................................................................................. 199
Table 77 SNMP Interface Traps ........................................................................................................... 200
Table 78 AAA Traps ............................................................................................................................. 201
Table 79 SNMP IP Traps ..................................................................................................................... 201
Table 80 SNMP Switch Traps .............................................................................................................. 201
Table 81 Management > Access Control > SNMP .............................................................................. 203
24
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
List of Tables
Table 82 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group ........................................................ 205
Table 83 Management > Access Control > Logins .............................................................................. 206
Table 84 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control ................................................... 212
Table 85 Management > Access Control > Remote Management ...................................................... 212
Table 86 Management > Diagnostic .................................................................................................... 215
Table 87 Syslog Severity Levels .......................................................................................................... 217
Table 88 Management > Syslog .......................................................................................................... 218
Table 89 Management > Syslog > Server Setup ................................................................................. 219
Table 90 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ..................................................................... 221
Table 91 Management > Cluster Management .................................................................................... 223
Table 92 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................................................. 224
Table 93 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration ..................................................... 225
Table 94 Management > MAC Table ................................................................................................... 228
Table 95 Management > ARP Table .................................................................................................... 230
Table 96 Management > Configure Clone ........................................................................................... 232
Table 97 Hardware Specifications ....................................................................................................... 235
Table 98 Feature Descriptions ............................................................................................................. 236
Table 99 Firmware Specifications ........................................................................................................ 238
Table 100 Standards Supported .......................................................................................................... 240
Table 101 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ........................................................... 244
Table 102 Subnet Masks ..................................................................................................................... 245
Table 103 Maximum Host Numbers .................................................................................................... 245
Table 104 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................................... 245
Table 105 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................................. 247
Table 106 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................................. 248
Table 107 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................................. 248
Table 108 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................................. 248
Table 109 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................................... 248
Table 110 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 249
Table 111 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 249
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
25
List of Tables
26
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
PART I
Introduction
Getting to Know Your Switch (29)
Hardware Installation and Connection (33)
Hardware Overview (37)
27
28
CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.
1.1 Introduction
The Switch is a stand-alone layer-2 Ethernet switch with 24 10/100Mbps ports and two
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The ES-2024PWR comes with the Power-over-Ethernet
(PoE) feature.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In addition,
the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, SSH (Secure SHell), any terminal emulator
program on the console port, or third-party SNMP management.
See Appendix A on page 235 for a full list of software features available on the Switch.
1.1.1 Backbone Application
The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the
near future. The Switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can
connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or connect other switches to the
Switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
29
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the Switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the Switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the Switch.
Moreover, the Switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example
The Switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The Switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
30
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 79.
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In
the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports
can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
31
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch
Use any of the following methods to manage the Switch.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Switch using a
(supported) web browser. See Chapter 4 on page 45.
• Command Line Interface. Line commands offer an alternative to the Web Configurator
and may be necessary to configure advanced features. See the CLI Reference Guide.
• FTP. Use File Transfer Protocol for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
See Section 26.8 on page 195.
• SNMP. The device can be monitored and/or managed by an SNMP manager. See Section
27.3 on page 198.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch
Do the following things regularly to make the Switch more secure and to manage the Switch
more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of
different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an
earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even
crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Switch to its factory
default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to
totally re-configure the Switch. You could simply restore your last configuration.
32
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the Switch.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These rubber feet help
protect the Switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
33
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
" Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
" Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
34
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the Switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
Switch.
4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
35
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
36
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to
make the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connection
The figure below shows the front panel of the Switch.
Figure 8 Front Panel: ES-2024A
Console Port
10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports
Figure 9 Front Panel: ES-2024PWR
10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports
Gigabit Ethernet/
Mini-GBIC Ports
Console Port
Gigabit Ethernet/
Mini-GBIC Ports
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
37
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel
LABEL DESCRIPTION
CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the Switch using the command line
24 10/100
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports
Gigabit
Ethernet/ mini
GBIC ports
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
interface (CLI) via the console port.
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Alternatively, use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections
to backbone Ethernet switches
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the Switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports
The Switch has 24 10/100-Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/100
Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps and the duplex mode can be half
duplex or full duplex.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled. The speed of the Gigabit
Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports can be 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps and the duplex mode can be half
duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (10/100 Mbps)
and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the Switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: off
38
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The Switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
" To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
39
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figures show the rear panel of the Switch. The power receptacle is on the rear
panel.
Figure 14 AC Rear Panel
Figure 15 DC Rear Panel
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the Switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to the power
source.
40
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
3.3 LEDs
The LEDs are located on the front panel. The following table describes the LEDs on the front
panel.
Table 2 LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Ethernet Ports
LNK/ACT Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10/100 Mbps
FDX/COL
(ES-
2024A)
POE
(ES-
2024PWR)
Gigabit Ports
100/1000 Green On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
Mini-GBIC Ports
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
ACT Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Ethernet network.
On The link to a 10/100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Amber Blinking The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and
collisions are occurring; the more collisions that occur the faster
the LED blinks.
On The Ethernet port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Off The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and no
collisions are occurring.
Amber On Power is supplied to the port.
Off Power is not supplied to the port.
Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
On The port has a connection to an Ethernet network but not
receiving or transmitting data.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
Off The port is not sending or receiving data.
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
41
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
42
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
PART II
Basic Configuration
The Web Configurator (45)
Initial Setup Example (55)
System Status and Port Statistics (59)
Basic Setting (65)
43
44
CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1)
in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
45
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 16 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 17 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
B
C
DE
A
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.
46
B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is saved in the configuration file from which the Switch booted from and
it stays the same even if the Switch’s power is turned off. See Section 26.3 on page 192 for
information on saving your settings to a specific configuration file.
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the Switch.
D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
47
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN Status
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation Status
Port Authentication
Port Security
Queuing Method
Multicast Status
Authentication and
Accounting
IP Source Guard
Loop Guard
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
VLAN Detail
Configuration
RSTP
MSTP
Link Aggregation
Setting
Ling Aggregation
Control Protocol
802.1x
Multicast Setting
IGMP Snooping VLAN
IGMP Filtering Profile
MVR
Group Configuration
RADIUS Server Setup
TACACS+ Server
Setup
Auth and Acct Setup
IP Source Guard
Static Binding
ARP Inspection Status
ARP Inspection Log
Status
ARP Inspection
Configure
ARP Inspection Port
Configure
ARP Inspection VLAN
Configure
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
Static Routing
DiffServ
DSCP Setting
DHCP Status
DHCP Relay
VLAN Setting
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Trap Group
Logins
Service Access Control
Remote Management
Diagnostic
Syslog Setup
Syslog Server Setup
Clustering Management
Status
Clustering Management
Configuration
MAC Table
ARP Table
Configure Clone
48
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information about the Switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global Switch parameters
such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features
Auth and Acct This link takes you to a screen where you can configure authentication and
IP Source Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure filtering of unauthorized
Loop Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure protection against network
IP Application
mask (necessary for Switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up IP routing domains.
Switch ports.
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MSTP to prevent
network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure IEEE 802.1x port
authentication.
set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
queue weights.
and create multicast VLANs.
accounting services via external servers. The external servers can be either
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) or TACACS+ (Terminal
Access Controller Access-Control System Plus).
ARP packets in your network.
loops that occur on the edge of your network.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
defines how the Switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ and set DSCP-to-
IEEE802.1p mappings.
DHCP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DHCP settings.
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
and configure SNMP and remote management.
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log
server.
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to other
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
ports.
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management > Access Control > Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 18 Change Administrator Login Password
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
4.4 Saving Your Configuration
When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the Switch’s storage that
remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.
" Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.
4.5 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) if you do one of the following:
1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the Switch.
3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disable all ports.
5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.
6 Forget the password and/or IP address.
7 Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.
8 Change a service port number but forget it.
" Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch.
4.6 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the Switch back to the factory
defaults.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600 bps with 8 data bits, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 38 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the Switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect
the Switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
5 Wait for the “
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
upload on your terminal.
6 After a configuration file upload, type
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
atgo to restart the Switch.
An example is shown below.
Figure 19 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V1.07 | 04/20/2005 13:38:02
RAM: Size = 32768 Kbytes
FLASH: AMD 32M *1
ZyNOS Version: V3.70(TX.0)| 07/11/2006 19:59:04
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
....................
Enter Debug Mode
sysname> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 49152 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
sysname> atgo
The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default
password of “1234”.
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.
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Figure 20 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.8 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the Switch IP management address
Before you begin, you should log in to the web configurator.
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the Switch. Make sure your computer is
in the same subnet as the Switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar
to access the web configurator.
See Section 4.2 on page 45 for more information.
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Click Advanced Application
and VLAN in the navigation
panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
2 In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the VLAN2
network.
" The VLAN Group ID field in this screen and the VID field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 10 on the Switch, select Fixed to
configure port 10 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5 Click Add to create the static VLAN and click the Save button to save the settings.
5.1.2 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
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Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced
Applications and VLAN
in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field
for port 10 and click
Apply to set the VLAN
port setting and click the
Save button to save the
settings.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address
The default management IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another
IP address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an
example.
Figure 23 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Click Basic Setting and IP Setup
in the navigation panel.
2 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the VLAN2 network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
3 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP address
to belong. This is the same as the
VLAN ID you configure in the
Static VLAN screen.
4 Click Add.
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in any web configurator screen to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 24 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting, Port Setup screen.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
screen (refer to Figure 25 on page 61).
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). It also shows the cable
type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 6 Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
port (see Section 11.1.3 on page 97 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
PD (PWR
model only)
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
Clear Counter Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical
This field displays the current amount of power consumed by devices (powered
devices, or PD) that use Power over Ethernet (PoE) to get power from the Switch on
this port.
enabled on the port.
been up.
information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
Switch.
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Figure 25 Status: Port Details
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status > Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.
Name This field displays the name of the port.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for
1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the
cable type (Copper or Fiber).
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port
(see Section 11.1.3 on page 97 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
PD
PowerCon
sumption
PD
MaxCurre
nt
This field is available for the PWR model only.
This field displays the current amount of power consumed by devices (powered
devices, or PD) that use Power over Ethernet (PoE) to get power from the Switch on
this port.
This field is available for the PWR model only.
This field displays the maximum amount of current drawn by devices (powered
devices, or PD) that use Power over Ethernet (PoE) to get power from the Switch on
this port.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 7 Status > Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PD
MaxPower
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
This field is available for the PWR model only.
This field displays the maximum amount of power consumed by devices (powered
devices, or PD) that use Power over Ethernet (PoE) to get power from the Switch on
this port.
transmitted.
received.
by exactly one collision.
inhibited by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
packets have already been transmitted.
error.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 7 Status > Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
octets in length.
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
10241518
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general Switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the Switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global Switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a Switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting > System Info to display the screen as shown. You
can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch temperature, fan speeds and
voltage in this screen.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 26 Basic Setting > System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
PoE Status (This section is available for the PWR model only.)
Total Power This field displays the total power the Switch can provide to the connected PoE-
Consuming
Power
Allocated
Power
Remaining
Power
This field displays the version number of the Switch's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the Switch.
enabled devices on the PoE ports.
This field displays the amount of power the Switch is currently supplying to the
connected PoE-enabled devices.
This field displays the total amount of power the Switch has reserved for PoE after
negotiating with the connected PoE device(s).
This field displays the amount of power the Switch can still provide for PoE.
Note: The Switch must have at least 16 W of remaining power in order
to supply power to a PoE device; even if the PoE device
requested for a lower power supply than 16W.
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and LOCAL refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the Switch
The Switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current This shows the current temperature at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
above.
Fan Speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the Switch still
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
works.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
7.3 General Setup
Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic
Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 27 Basic Setting > General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Location Enter the geographic location of your Switch. You can use up to 32 English
keyboard characters; spaces are allowed.
Contact Person's
Name
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Enter the name of the person in charge of this Switch. You can use up to 32 English
keyboard characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of
seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
Switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The Switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
Daylight Saving
Time
Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected
End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set
their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the
evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Daylight Saving Time. The time is displayed in the 24 hour format. Here are a
couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second
Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving
Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Second,
Sunday, March and 2:00.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All
of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, March and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany for
instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead
of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Daylight Saving Time. The time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple
of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November.
Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.
local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and
2:00.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October.
All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, October and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany
for instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
" VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 79 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 28 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
70
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 79 for more information.
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on
VLAN setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the following fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The Switch has four physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the Switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if
the network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
variations in delay).
Network Architecture) transactions.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
7.6.1 IP Interfaces
The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
Configure IP addresses for accessing and managing the Switch from the ports belonging to the
pre-defined VLAN(s). See Table 99 on page 238 for how many IP addresses you can
configure.
Figure 29 Basic Setting > IP Setup
72
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Domain Name
Server
Default Management IP Address
Configure the fields to set the default management IP address.
DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the Switch an IP
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
address and subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server
IP address.
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Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Static IP
Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the Switch IP address. This is
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Management IP Addresses
Configure the fields to set additional management IP address.
IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the Switch by the members of the VLAN specified
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Default
Gateway
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the Switch. It then displays in the summary table at
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays the management IP address of the Switch.
IP Subnet
Mask
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the network.
Default
Gateway
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Select this option if you don't have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP
address information to the Switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you
select this option.
192.168.1.1.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254
the VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All
ports, by default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage
the device from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that
port cannot access the device. To access the Switch, make sure the port that you are
connected to is a member of Management VLAN.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
in the VID field below.
Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation. For example, 255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254
the bottom of the screen.
The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link
on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when
you are done configuring.
This field displays the subnet mask for the corresponding IP address.
This field displays the IP address of default gateway.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
7.7 Port Setup
Use this screen to configure Switch port settings. Click Basic Setting > Port Setup in the
navigation panel to display the configuration screen.
Figure 30 Basic Setting > Port Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
numerical characters.
Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in
some web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet/Fast Ethernet connection and 10/100/
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.
1000M for Gigabit connections.
Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex (for Gigabit ports only).
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends
support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the Switch negotiates with the
peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer
port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines
the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex
mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the preconfigured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to
make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
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Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The Switch uses IEEE 802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE 802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 70 for more information.
PD This field is only available on the PWR model but not available for the Gigabit or mini-
PD Priority This field is only available on the PWR model but not available for the Gigabit or mini-
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
GBIC ports.
A powered device (PD) is a device such as an access point or a switch, that supports
PoE (Power over Ethernet) so that it can receive power from another device through a
10/100Mbps Ethernet port.
Select the check box to allow a powered device (connected to the port) to receive
power from the Switch.
GBIC ports.
When the total power requested by the PDs exceeds the total PoE power budget on
the Switch, you can set the PD priority to allow the Switch to provide power to ports
with higher priority.
Select Critical to give the highest PD priority on the port.
Select High to set the Switch to assign the remaining power to the port after all critical
priority ports are served.
Select Low to set the Switch to assign the remaining power to the port after all the
critical and high priority ports are served.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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PART III
Advanced Setup
VLAN (79)
Static MAC Forward Setup (91)
Filtering (93)
Spanning Tree Protocol (95)
Bandwidth Control (109)
Broadcast Storm Control (111)
Mirroring (113)
Link Aggregation (115)
Port Authentication (121)
Port Security (125)
Queuing Method (129)
Multicast (131)
Authentication & Accounting (145)
IP Source Guard (159)
Loop Guard (169)
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CHAPTER 8
VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from
an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first decides
where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default
VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Acceptable Frame
Type
Ingress filtering If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just
untagged incoming frames on a port.
that do not have this port as a member
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8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 31 Port VLAN Trunking
Chapter 8 VLAN
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen.
Figure 32 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
See Section 8.1 on page 79 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown
next.
Figure 33 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; Dynamic - using GVRP,
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
This is the number of VLANs configured on the Switch.
details.
screen.
static VLAN was set up.
Static - added as a permanent entry or Other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details
Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1
on page 79 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN
Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 34 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
static VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the Switch. See Section
8.1 on page 79 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click Static
VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
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Chapter 8 VLAN
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes. This name
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
consists of up to 64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
this VLAN Group ID.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
VLAN settings.
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings
Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.1 on page 79 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 36 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management
port and the Gigabit uplink ports but not communicate with each other. This option
is the most limiting but also the most secure.
Ingress Check Select this check box to activate ingress filtering on the Switch.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering the Switch.
Port This field displays the port number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable
Frame Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
ES-2024 Series User’s Guide
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag On ly.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the Switch.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the Switch on which they were created.
" When you activate port-based VLAN, the Switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
" In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen and then click VLAN
from the navigation panel to display the next screen.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 38 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)
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Chapter 8 VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing
port). CPU refers to the Switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the Switch cannot
be managed from that port.
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the Switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the Switch cannot be managed from that port.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
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CHAPTER 9
Static MAC Forward Setup
Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.
9.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure forwarding rules based on MAC addresses of devices
on your network.
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the Switch. See Chapter 17 on page 125 for more information
on port security.
Click Advanced Applications > Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.
Figure 39 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding
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Chapter 9 Static MAC Forward Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address
MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
forwarding rule.
character pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Enter the port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
automatically forwarded.
Add Click Add to save your rule to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses this
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
rule if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel
to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
address-forwarding rule.
identification number to which the MAC address belongs.
forwarded.
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CHAPTER 10
Filtering
This chapter discusses MAC address port filtering.
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule
Filtering means sifting traffic going through the Switch based on the MAC addresses and
VLAN group (ID).
Click Advanced Application > Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown next.
Figure 40 Advanced Application > Filtering
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 20 Advanced Application > Filtering
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate
a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.
Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for this rule. This is for
identification only.
MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character
pairs.
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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Chapter 10 Filtering
Table 20 Advanced Application > Filtering (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.
Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the
Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose
MAC
Address
VID This field displays the VLAN group identification number.
Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.
settings.
only.
This field displays the MAC address with the VLAN identification number to which the
MAC address belongs.
Delete button.
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CHAPTER 11
Spanning Tree Protocol
The Switch supports Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) as defined in the following standards.
• IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol
• IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
• IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
The Switch also allows you to set up multiple STP configurations (or trees). Ports can then be
assigned to the trees.
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a Switch to interact with other (R)STP-compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
The Switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allows faster
convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STPonly aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout
the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is
required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then
notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering
database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.
" In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.
11.1.1 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree.
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Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. The recommended
cost is assigned according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the
media, the higher the cost.
Table 21 STP Path Costs
LINK
SPEED
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535
10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535
16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535
100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535
1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535
10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535
On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this Switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this Switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.
RECOMMENDED
VALUE
RECOMMENDED
RANGE
ALLOWED
RANGE
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
11.1.2 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.
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11.1.3 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.
Table 22 STP Port States
PORT STATE DESCRIPTION
Disabled STP is disabled (default).
Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.
Note: The listening state does not exist in RSTP.
Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the
learning process but not forwarded.
Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and
forwarded.
11.1.4 Multiple STP
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1s) is backward compatible with STP/RSTP and
addresses the limitations of existing spanning tree protocols (STP and RSTP) in networks to
include the following features:
Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol
• One Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) that represents the entire network’s
connectivity.
• Grouping of multiple bridges (or switching devices) into regions that appear as one single
bridge on the network.
• A VLAN can be mapped to a specific Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI). MSTI
allows multiple VLANs to use the same spanning tree.
• Load-balancing is possible as traffic from different VLANs can use distinct paths in a
region.
11.1.4.1 MSTP Network Example
The following figure shows a network example where two VLANs are configured on the two
switches. If the switches are using STP or RSTP, the link for VLAN 2 will be blocked as STP
and RSTP allow only one link in the network and block the redundant link.
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Figure 41 STP/RSTP Network Example
A
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
B
With MSTP, VLANs 1 and 2 are mapped to different spanning trees in the network. Thus
traffic from the two VLANs travel on different paths. The following figure shows the network
example using MSTP.
Figure 42 MSTP Network Example
A
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
11.1.4.2 MST Region
An MST region is a logical grouping of multiple network devices that appears as a single
device to the rest of the network. Each MSTP-enabled device can only belong to one MST
region. When BPDUs enter an MST region, external path cost (of paths outside this region) is
increased by one. Internal path cost (of paths within this region) is increased by one when
BPDUs traverse the region.
Devices that belong to the same MST region are configured to have the same MSTP
configuration identification settings. These include the following parameters:
• Name of the MST region
• Revision level as the unique number for the MST region
• VLAN-to-MST Instance mapping
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11.1.4.3 MST Instance
An MST Instance (MSTI) is a spanning tree instance. VLANs can be configured to run on a
specific MSTI. Each created MSTI is identified by a unique number (known as an MST ID)
known internally to a region. Thus an MSTI does not span across MST regions.
The following figure shows an example where there are two MST regions. Regions 1 and 2
have 2 spanning tree instances.
Figure 43 MSTIs in Different Regions
Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol
11.1.4.4 Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST)
A CIST represents the connectivity of the entire network and it is equivalent to a spanning tree
in an STP/RSTP. The CIST is the default MST instance (MSTID 0). Any VLANs that are not
members of an MST instance are members of the CIST. In an MSTP-enabled network, there is
only one CIST that runs between MST regions and single spanning tree devices. A network
may contain multiple MST regions and other network segments running RSTP.
Figure 44 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example
11.2 Spanning Tree Configuration Screen
Use this screen to select the STP mode for the Switch. To open this screen, click Advanced
Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration.
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Figure 45 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol
Select the STP mode you want to configure on the Switch.
11.3 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Use this screen to configure RSTP settings, see Section 11.1 on page 95 for more information
on RSTP. Click RSTP in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol screen.
Figure 46 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP
100
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status Click Status to display the RSTP Status screen (see Figure 47 on page 102).
Active Select this check box to activate RSTP. Clear this check box to disable RSTP.
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