ZyXEL ES-1124 User Guide

ES-1124

Ethernet Switch

User’s Guide

Version 1.00
10/2006
Edition 2

www.zyxel.com

About This User's Guide

About This User's Guide

Intended Audience

This manual is intended for people who want to install the switch on their network. You
should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology.

Related Documentation

• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains

information on installing your switch.

• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.

• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com

certifications.

for additional support documentation and product

User Guide Feedback

Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!

The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.

E-mail: [e-mail]

ES-1124 User’s Guide

3

Document Conventions

Document Conventions

Warnings and Notes

These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.

1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.

" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may

need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.

Syntax Conventions

• The ES-1124 may be referred to as the “switch”, the “device” or the “system” in this
User’s Guide.

• Product labels are all in bold font.

• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.

• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.

Icons Used in Figures

Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ES-1124 icon is not an
exact representation of your device.

the ES-1124 Computer Server

Printer Switch Internetl

4

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Safety Warnings

Safety Warnings

1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.

• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.

• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.

• Do NOT store things on the device.

• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.

• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.

• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.

• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.

• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.

• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.

• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.

• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).

• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.

• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.

• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.

• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.

• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.

• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

5

Safety Warnings

This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.

6

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3

Document Conventions............................................................................................................4

Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 5

Table of Contents...................................................................................................................... 7

List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 9

List of Tables...........................................................................................................................11

Part I: Introduction, Hardware Installation and Troubleshooting ...... 13

Chapter 1

Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................15

1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 15

1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................. 15

1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 15

Chapter 2

Hardware Installation and Connection ................................................................................. 17

2.1 Freestanding Installation ..................................................................................................... 17

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 18

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 18

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 18

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 19

Chapter 3

Hardware Overview................................................................................................................. 21

3.1 Panel Connections ............................................................................................................. 21

3.1.1 Ethernet Ports ............................................................................................................ 21

3.1.2 Dual Personality GbE Interfaces ................................................................................ 22

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots .........................................................................................................22

3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................... 24

3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 24

3.3 LEDs ................................................................................................................................ 24

ES-1124 User’s Guide

7

Table of Contents

Chapter 4

Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................25

Part II: Appendices and Index............................................................... 27

Appendix A Product Specifications ................................................................................... 29

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................ 31

Appendix C Legal Information...........................................................................................39

Appendix D Customer Support .........................................................................................43

Index......................................................................................................................................... 47

8

ES-1124 User’s Guide

List of Figures

List of Figures

Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................................................. 15

Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................ 16

Figure 3 Attaching Rubber Feet ............................................................................................................ 17

Figure 4 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................................................. 18

Figure 5 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................................................. 19

Figure 6 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................. 21

Figure 7 Transceiver Installation Example ............................................................................................. 23

Figure 8 Installed Transceiver .............................................................................................................. 23

Figure 9 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ..............................................................................23

Figure 10 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................................................. 23

Figure 11 Rear Panel ............................................................................................................................. 24

Figure 12 Network Number and Host ID ................................................................................................ 32

Figure 13 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ................................................................................34

Figure 14 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ................................................................................... 35

ES-1124 User’s Guide

9

List of Figures

10

ES-1124 User’s Guide

List of Tables

List of Tables

Table 1 Panel Connections .................................................................................................................... 21

Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 24

Table 3 Hardware Specifications ........................................................................................................... 29

Table 4 Firmware Specifications ............................................................................................................ 29

Table 5 .................................................................................................................................................. 32

Table 6 Subnet Masks ........................................................................................................................... 33

Table 7 Maximum Host Numbers .......................................................................................................... 33

Table 8 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ............................................................................................. 33

Table 9 Subnet 1 .................................................................................................................................... 35

Table 10 Subnet 2 .................................................................................................................................. 36

Table 11 Subnet 3 .................................................................................................................................. 36

Table 12 Subnet 4 .................................................................................................................................. 36

Table 13 Eight Subnets .......................................................................................................................... 36

Table 14 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ................................................................................37

Table 15 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ................................................................................37

ES-1124 User’s Guide

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List of Tables

12

ES-1124 User’s Guide

PART I

Introduction,

Hardware

Installation and

Troubleshooting

This part contains the following:

Getting to Know Your Switch (15)

Hardware Installation and Connection (17)

Hardware Overview (21)

Troubleshooting (25)

13

14

CHAPTER 1

Getting to Know Your Switch

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.

1.1 Introduction

The ES-1124 is an Ethernet switch with 24 10/100Mbps ports and 2 GbE dual personality
interfaces for uplink. A dual personality interface includes one Gigabit port and one slot for a
mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module) with one port active at a time.

See Appendix A on page 29 for a full list of features available on the switch.

1.1.1 Backbone Application

The switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the
near future. The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can
connect computers and servers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the
switch.

In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.

Figure 1 Backbone Application

1.1.2 Bridging Example

In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server

and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.

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15

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.

Figure 2 Bridging Application

16

ES-1124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 2

Hardware Installation and

Connection

This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.

2.1 Freestanding Installation

1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the

switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.

3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the

attachment of cables and the power cord.

4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help

protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.

Figure 3 Attaching Rubber Feet

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17

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

" Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when

stacking.

For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements

• Two mounting brackets.

• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

" Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.

2.2.1.1 Precautions

• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.

• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch

1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on

the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.

Figure 4 Attaching the Mounting Brackets

18

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the switch.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the

switch.

4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the

rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.

Figure 5 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the rack.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

19

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

20

ES-1124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 3

Hardware Overview

This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.

3.1 Panel Connections

The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.

Figure 6 Front Panel

LEDs

The following table describes the ports on the panels.

Table 1 Panel Connections

CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION

24 10/100
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports

Two Dual
Personality
Interfaces

3.1.1 Ethernet Ports

The switch has 24 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/100
Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps and the duplex mode can be half
duplex or full duplex.

10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports

RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC
Dual Personality Interfaces

Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.

Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.

• 2 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports:
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network

Ethernet switches.

•2 Mini-GBIC Ports:
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone

Ethernet switches.

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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (100/
1000Mpbs) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.

An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.

3.1.1.1 Default Ethernet Settings

The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:

• Speed: Auto

• Duplex: Auto

• Flow control: Off

3.1.2 Dual Personality GbE Interfaces

There are two Dual Personality GbE interfaces (Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports). The mini­GBIC ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the
corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
The speed of the Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the
duplex mode can be half duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots

These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.

There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.

You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.

• Type: SFP connection interface

• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)

" To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s

connectors.

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation

Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.

22

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

Figure 7 Transceiver Installation Example

2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that

it is functioning properly.

Figure 8 Installed Transceiver

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal

Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).

Figure 9 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example

2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.

Figure 10 Transceiver Removal Example

ES-1124 User’s Guide

23

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

3.2 Rear Panel

The following figure shows the rear panel of the switche.

Figure 11 Rear Panel

3.2.1 Power Connector

Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.

To connect the power to the ES-1124 AC unit, insert the female end of power cord to the
power receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a
100~240V AC, 1.5A power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.

3.3 LEDs

The following table describes the LEDs.

Table 2 LEDs

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

PWR Green On The system is turned on.

Ethernet Ports

LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network.

Gigabit/Mini-GBIC Port

1000 Green On The port has a successful 1000 Mbps connection to a network.

100 Green On The port has a successful connection to a 100 Mbps Ethernet

10 Green On The port has a successful connection to a 10 Mbps Ethernet

Off The system is off.

On The link to an Ethernet network is up.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data to/from a 1000 Mbps

network.

Off The port is not connected to a 1000 network or the link is down.

network.

Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data to/from a 100 Mbps

Ethernet network.

Off The port is not connected to a 100 Ethernet device or the link is

down.

network.

Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data to/from a 10 Mbps

Ethernet network.

Off The port is not connected to a 10 Ethernet device or the link is

down.

24

ES-1124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 4

Troubleshooting

This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter.

V The switch does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.

1 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the switch.
2 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the switch and plugged in to an

appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.

3 Turn the switch off and on.
4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the switch.
5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.

V One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.

1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 3.3 on page 24.
2 Check the hardware connections. See Section 3.1 on page 21.
3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the switch.
5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.

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25

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting

26

ES-1124 User’s Guide

PART II

Appendices and

Index

This part contains the following:

Product Specifications (29)

IP Addresses and Subnetting (31)

Legal Information (39)

Index (47)

27

28

APPENDIX A

Product Specifications

The following tables summarize the switch’s hardware and firmware features.

Table 3 Hardware Specifications

LEDs PWR

Per Gigabit port: 1000, LNK/ACT
Per mini-GBIC port: LNK, ACT
Per Ethernet port: LNK, ACT

Dimensions (W x D x H) 441 x 130 x 44 mm

19” rack mountable

Power Supply 100 - 240 VAC 50/60Hz internal universal power supply

Power Consumption 19.8 Watt Max.

Interfaces 24 10/100 Ethernet RJ-45 ports

2 GbE Dual Personality interfaces (Each interface has one 1000Base-T
copper port and one Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one
port active at a time.)

Auto-negotiation
Auto-MDIX
Compliant with IEEE 802.3ad/u/x
Back pressure flow control for half duplex
Flow control for full duplex (IEEE 802.3x)

Operation Temperature 0º C ~ 45º C

Operation Humidity 10% ~ 90% RH

Table 4 Firmware Specifications

FEATURE DESCRIPTION

Data Buffer 320 K

Layer 2 Features Bridging: 8K MAC addresses

Other Features No-Blocking full wire speed architecture

EMC FCC Part 15 (Class A)

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Switching: Switching fabric: 8.8 Gbps, non-blocking
Max. Frame size: 1522 bytes
IEEE 802.1p support for two outgoing priority queues
Broadcast Storm Control
Supports automatic address learning
Store-and-forwarding switching architecture for abnormal packet filtering

Fanless design

CE EMC (Class A)

29

Appendix A Product Specifications

30

ES-1124 User’s Guide

APPENDIX B

IP Addresses and Subnetting

This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.

IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.

Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also
use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.

Introduction to IP Addresses

One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same
way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a
common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on
the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network
number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on
the network the packets are delivered.

Structure

An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example,

192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary
number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).

Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in
decimal.

The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1)
are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

31

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting

Figure 12 Network Number and Host ID

How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies
according to the subnet mask.

Subnet Masks

A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits
are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub­network”.

A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the
IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the
corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID.

The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text)
and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).

Table 5

IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001

Host ID 00000010

By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from
the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of
32 bits.

1ST

OCTET:

(192)

2ND

OCTET:

(168)

3RD

OCTET:

(1)

4TH OCTET

(2)

32

Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1”
value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the
remaining 24 bits are zeroes.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following
examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet
masks.

Table 6 Subnet Masks

8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0

16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0

24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0

29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248

Network Size

The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can
have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number
of remaining host ID bits.

An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a
24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast
address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).

BINARY

1ST
OCTET

2ND
OCTET

3RD
OCTET

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting

DECIMAL

4TH OCTET

As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number
of possible hosts in a network as follows:

Table 7 Maximum Host Numbers

Notation

Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing
a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.

For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask

255.255.255.128.

The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.

Table 8 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation

SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS

8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits

16 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits

24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits

29 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits

SUBNET MASK

255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0

255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128

ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION

LAST OCTET
(BINARY)

224 – 2

216 – 2 65534

28 – 2

23 – 2

LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)

16777214

254

6

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33

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting

Table 8 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued)

SUBNET MASK

255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192

255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224

255.255.255.240 /28 1111 00 00 240

255.255.255.248 /29 1111 10 00 248

255.255.255.252 /30 1111 110 0 252

ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION

Subnetting

You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following
example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from
the rest of the company network for security reasons.

In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the
address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a
maximum of 2

8

– 2 or 254 possible hosts.

LAST OCTET
(BINARY)

LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)

The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.

Figure 13 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting

You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate
sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).

34

The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets;

192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25.

The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub­networks, A and B.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting

Figure 14 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting

In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126
possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s
broadcast address).

192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask

255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned
to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.

Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.

Example: Four Subnets

The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two
subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host
ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.

Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 2
zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).

Table 9 Subnet 1

IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER

IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 .11111111.11111111 . 11000000

Subnet Address:

192.168.1.0

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.63

6

- 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62

LAST OCTET BIT
VAL UE

ES-1124 User’s Guide

35

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting

Table 10 Subnet 2

IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER

IP Address 192.168.1. 64

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111. 11111111.11111111. 11000000

Subnet Address:

192.168.1.64

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.127

Tabl e 11 Subnet 3

IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER

IP Address 192.168.1. 128

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000

Subnet Address:

192.168.1.128

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.191

LAST OCTET BIT
VAL UE

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126

LAST OCTET BIT
VAL UE

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190

Table 12 Subnet 4

IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER

IP Address 192.168.1. 192

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111 .11111111. 11000000

Subnet Address:

192.168.1.192

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.255

Example: Eight Subnets

Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and

111).

The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.

Table 13 Eight Subnets

SUBNET

1 0 1 30 31

2 32 33 62 63

3 64 65 94 95

4 96 97 126 127

SUBNET
ADDRESS

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254

FIRST ADDRESS

LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE

LAST
ADDRESS

BROADCAST
ADDRESS

36

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Table 13 Eight Subnets (continued)

SUBNET

5 128 129 158 159

6 160 161 190 191

7 192 193 222 223

8 224 225 254 255

Subnet Planning

The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network
number.

Table 14 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning

NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS

1 255.255.255.128 (/25) 2 126

2 255.255.255.192 (/26) 4 62

3 255.255.255.224 (/27) 8 30

4 255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14

5 255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6

6 255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2

7 255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1

SUBNET
ADDRESS

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting

FIRST ADDRESS

SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS

LAST
ADDRESS

BROADCAST
ADDRESS

NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET

The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network
number.

Table 15 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning

NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS

1 255.255.128.0 (/17) 2 32766

2 255.255.192.0 (/18) 4 16382

3 255.255.224.0 (/19) 8 8190

4 255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094

5 255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046

6 255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022

7 255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510

8 255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254

9 255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126

10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62

11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30

12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14

13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6

SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS

NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET

ES-1124 User’s Guide

37

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting

Table 15 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued)

NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS

14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2

15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1

SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS

Configuring IP Addresses

Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or
your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their
instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.

If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single
user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is
established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this
block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you
are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the switch.

NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET

Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your switch that is easy
to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is
using that IP address.

The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your switch will
compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't
need to change the subnet mask computed by the switch unless you are instructed to do
otherwise.

Private IP Addresses

Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from
the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP
addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private
networks:

• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255

• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255

• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255

You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a
private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an
ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other
hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network
administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.

38

Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always
follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please
refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines

for Management of IP Address Space.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

APPENDIX C

Legal Information

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or
software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the
patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products
described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.

Trademarks

ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL
Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for
identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.

Certifications

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operations.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

39

Appendix C Legal Information

FCC Warning

This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment. This device generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of
this device in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

CE Mark Warning:

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference
in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:

Notices

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT

APPAREIL A LASER DE CLASS 1

PRODUCT COMPLIES WITH 21 CFR 1040.10 AND 1040.11.

PRODUIT CONFORME SELON 21 CFR 1040.10 ET 1040.11.

Viewing Certifications

1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com
2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects
in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During
the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure
due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the
defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever
extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating

.

40

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Appendix C Legal Information

condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent
product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty
shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.

Note

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the
purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in
no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.

To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return
Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is
recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of
purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of
ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products
will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty
gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to
country.

Registration

Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information
at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

ES-1124 User’s Guide

41

Appendix C Legal Information

42

ES-1124 User’s Guide

APPENDIX D

Customer Support

Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.

Required Information

• Product model and serial number.

• Warranty Information.

• Date that you received your device.

• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.com, www.europe.zyxel.com

• FTP Site: ftp.zyxel.com, ftp.europe.zyxel.com

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park,
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

Costa Rica

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.co.cr

• FTP Site: ftp.zyxel.co.cr

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escazú, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San
José, Costa Rica

Czech Republic

• E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.cz

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modranská 621, 143 01 Praha 4 ­Modrany, Ceská Republika

ES-1124 User’s Guide

43

Appendix D Customer Support

Denmark

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.dk

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark

Finland

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.fi

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, Finland

France

• E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.fr

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, France

Germany

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.de

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen,
Germany

Hungary

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.hu

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, Hungary

44

Kazakhstan

• Support: http://zyxel.kz/support

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Appendix D Customer Support

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.kz

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre,
050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

North America

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.us.zyxel.com

• FTP Site: ftp.us.zyxel.com

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806­2001, U.S.A.

Norway

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.no

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, Norway

Poland

• E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.pl.zyxel.com

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, Poland

Russia

• Support: http://zyxel.ru/support

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.ru

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow, 117279, Russia

Spain

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

ES-1124 User’s Guide

45

Appendix D Customer Support

• Web Site: www.zyxel.es

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5ª planta, 28033 Madrid, Spain

Sweden

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.se

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg, Sweden

Ukraine

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.ua.zyxel.com

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev, 04050, Ukraine

United Kingdom

• Support E-mail: [e-mail]

• Sales E-mail: [e-mail]

• Telephone: [phone] (UK only)

• Fax: [phone]

• Web Site: www.zyxel.co.uk

• FTP Site: ftp.zyxel.co.uk

• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK, Ltd.,11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road,
Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)

“+” is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call.

46

ES-1124 User’s Guide

Index

Index

A

alternative subnet mask notation 33
applications

backbone 15
bridging 15

C

certifications 39, 40

notices 40

viewing 40
contact information 43
copyright 39
customer support 43

D

dimensions 29
disclaimer 39

hardware overview 21
humidity, operating 29

I

IANA 38
installation

freestanding 17
precautions 18

rack-mounting 18
Internet Assigned Numbers AuthoritySee IANA 38
introduction 15

L

LEDs 24

M

E

Ethernet ports 21

default settings 22

F

FCC interference statement 39
front panel 21

H

hardware installation 17

mounting 18

mini GBIC ports 22

connection speed 22

connector type 22

transceiver installation 22

transceiver removal 23
mounting brackets 18
MSA (MultiSource Agreement) 22

N

NAT 38

O

operating humidity 29
operating temperature 29

ES-1124 User’s Guide

47

Index

P

power specification 29
product registration 41

R

registration

product 41
related documentation 3
rubber feet 17

S

safety warnings 5
status

LED 24
subnet 31
subnet mask 32
subnetting 34
syntax conventions 4

T

temperature, operating 29
trademarks 39
transceiver

installation 22

removal 23

V

ventilation holes 18

W

warranty 40

note 41

48

ES-1124 User’s Guide