All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Yaskawa. No patent liability is assumed
with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Moreover, because Yaskawa is constantly striving to improve its high-quality products, the information contained in this manual is
subject to change without notice. Every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this
manual. Nevertheless, Yaskawa assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is
any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in this
publication.
About this Manual
This manual provides the following information for the Σ-II Series SGMBH/SGDH
Servodrives.
• Procedures for installing and wiring the servomotor and SERVOPACK.
• Procedures for trial operation of the Servodrive.
• Procedures for using functions and adjusting the servodrives.
• Procedures for using the built-in Panel Operator and the Hand-held Digital Operator.
• Ratings and specifications for standard models.
• Procedures for maintenance and inspection.
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for the following users.
• Those designing Σ-II Series servodrive systems.
• Those installing or wiring Σ-II Series servodrives.
• Those performing trial operation or adjustments of Σ-II Series servodrives.
• Those maintaining or inspecting Σ-II Series servodrives.
Description of Technical Terms
In this manual, the following terms are defined as follows:
• Servomotor = Σ-II Series SGMBH servomotor.
• SERVOPACK = Σ-II Series SGDH SERVOPACK.
• Servodrive = A set including a servomotor and Servo Amplifier.
• Servo System = A servo control system that includes the combination of a servodrive
with a host computer and peripheral devices.
Indication of Reverse Signals
In this manual, the names of reverse signals (ones that are valid when low) are written with a
forward slash (/) before the signal name, as shown in the following example:
• S-ON
• P-CON
= /S-ON
= /P-CON
iii
Visual Aids
The following aids are used to indicate certain types of information for easier reference.
IMPORTANT
INFO
EXAMPLE
TERMS
Indicates important information that should be memorized, including precautions such as
alarm displays to avoid damaging the devices.
Indicates supplemental information.
Indicates application examples.
Indicates definitions of difficult terms or terms that have not been previously explained in
this manual.
The text indicated by this icon explains the operating procedure using Hand-held type Digi-
tal Operator (Type: JUSP-OP02A-2).
JUSP-OP02A-2
iv
Related Manuals
Refer to the following manuals as required.
Also, keep this manual in a safe place so that it can be referred to whenever neces-
sary.
Σ Series/Σ-ΙΙ Series
Servopacks Personal
Computer Monitoring
Software Operation Manual
Σ-ΙΙ Series
SGMH/SGDM
Digital Operator
Operation Manual
Safety Information
Manual NameManual NumberContents
SIE-S800-35Describes the applications and operation of
software for the Σ Series/Σ-II Series servodrive monitoring devices for use on personal computers.
TOE-S800-34Provides detailed information on the opera-
tion of the JUSP-OP02A-2 Digital Operator, which is an optional product.
WARNING
CAUTION
PROHIBITED
The following conventions are used to indicate precautions in this manual.
Failure to heed precautions provided in this manual can result in serious or possibly even
fatal injury or damage to the products or to related equipment and systems.
Indicates precautions that, if not heeded, could possibly result in loss of life or seri-
ous injury.
Indicates precautions that, if not heeded, could result in relatively serious or minor
injury, damage to the product, or faulty operation.
Indicates actions that must never be taken.
v
Safety Precautions
The following precautions are for checking products upon delivery, installation, wiring,
operation, maintenance and inspections.
Checking Products upon Delivery
CAUTION
• Always use the servomotor and SERVOPACK in one of the specified combinations.
Not doing so may cause fire or malfunction.
Installation
CAUTION
• Never use the products in an environment subject to water, corrosive gases, inflammable gases, or
combustibles.
• Doing so may result in electric shock or fire.
vi
Wiring
WARNING
• Connect the ground terminalto electrical codes (ground resistance: 100 Ω or less).
Improper grounding may result in electric shock or fire.
• Use the thermal protector built into the servomotor according to either of the two following meth-
ods.
SGMBH servomotors are cooled by a fan. If the fan is defective or power to the fan is disconnected, heat
from the motor may result in burns or fire.
Method 1:
• Wire the output from the thermal protector to the host controller and turn OFF the servo when the
thermal protector operates.
Maincircuit
contactors
Maincircuit
powersupply
SGDH
SERVOPACK
M
PG
Thermal
protector
ServoOFF
HostController
Method 2:
• Wire the thermal protector to the operating circuit of the main circuit contactors or the host control-
ler and turn OFF the main circuit when the thermal protector operates.
• Do not connect a three-phase power supply to the SERVOPACK’s U, V, or W output terminals.
Doing so may result in injury or fire.
• Securely fasten the power supply terminal screws and motor output terminal screws.
Not doing so may result in fire.
vii
Operation
WARNING
• Never touch any rotating motor parts while the motor is running.
Doing so may result in injury.
CAUTION
• Conduct trial operation on the servomotor alone with the motor shaft disconnected from machine to
avoid any unexpected accidents.
Not doing so may result in injury.
• Before starting operation with a machine connected, change the settings to match the parameters
of the machine.
Starting operation without matching the proper settings may cause the machine to run out of control or malfunction.
• Before starting operation with a machine connected, make sure that an emergency stop can be
applied at any time.
Not doing so may result in injury.
• Do not touch the heat sinks during operation.
Doing so may result in burns due to high temperatures.
Maintenance and Inspection
WARNING
• Never touch the inside of the SERVOPACKs.
Doing so may result in electric shock.
• Do not remove the panel cover while the power is ON.
Doing so may result in electric shock.
• Do not touch terminals for five minutes after the power is turned OFF.
Residual voltage may cause electric shock.
CAUTION
• Do not disassemble the servomotor.
Doing so may result in electric shock or injury.
• Do not attempt to change wiring while the power is ON.
Doing so may result in electric shock or injury.
viii
General Precautions
Note the following to ensure safe application.
• The drawings presented in this manual are sometimes shown without covers or protective guards. Always
replace the cover or protective guard as specified first, and then operate the products in accordance with
the manual.
• The drawings presented in this manual are typical examples and may not match the product you received.
• This manual is subject to change due to product improvement, specification modification, and manual
improvement. When this manual is revised, the manual code is updated and the new manual is published
as a next edition.
• If the manual must be ordered due to loss or damage, inform your nearest Yaskawa representative or one
of the offices listed on the back of this manual.
• Yaskawa will not take responsibility for the results of unauthorized modifications of this product.
Yaskawa shall not be liable for any damages or troubles resulting from unauthorized modification.
SGDH SERVOPACK Standards and Certification
SGDH SERVOPACKs conform to the following standards. However, because this product is
a built-in type, reconfirmation is required after being installed in the final product.
This section describes the basic configuration of a servo mechanism and technical terms relating
to servos and also explains the features of Σ-ΙΙ Series AC Servos.
1.1.1 Servo Mechanisms
You may be familiar with the following terms:
• Servo
• Servo mechanism
• Servo control system
In fact, these terms are synonymous. They have the following meaning:
A control mechanism that monitors physical quantities such as specified positions.
In short, a servo mechanism is like a servant who does tasks faithfully and quickly according
to his master’s instructions. In fact, “servo” originally derives from the word “servant.”
1
Servo system could be defined in more detail as a mechanism that:
• Moves at a specified speed and
• Locates an object in a specified position
TERMS
1
Servo mechanism
According to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) terminology, a “servo mechanism” is defined as a
mechanism that uses the position, direction, or orientation of an object as a process variable to control
a system to follow any changes in a target value (set point). More simply, a servo mechanism is a control mechanism that monitors physical quantities such as specified positions. Feedback control is normally performed by a servo mechanism. (Source: JIS B0181)
1-2
1.1 Basic Understanding of AC Servos
To develop such a servo system, an automatic control system involving feedback control1
must be designed. This automatic control system can be illustrated in the following block
diagram:
ConfigurationofServoSystem
Specifiedposition
input
+
-
Servo
amplifier
Servomotor
Feedbackpart
Detector
Controlled
machine
(load)
Machineposition
output
This servo system is an automatic control system that detects the machine position (output
data), feeds back the data to the input side, compares it with the specified position (input
data), and moves the machine by the difference between the compared data.
In other words, the servo system is a system to control the output data to match the specified
input data.
If, for example, the specified position changes, the servo system will reflect the changes.
In the above example, input data is defined as a position, but input data can be any physical
quantities such as orientation (angle), water pressure, or voltage.
Position, speed, force (torque), electric current, and so on are typical controlled values for a
servo system.
1
TERMS
1
Feedback control
A control method in which process variables are returned to the input side to form a closed loop. It is
also called closed-loop control. If a negative signal is returned to the input side, it is called negative
feedback control. Normally, negative feedback control is used to stabilize the system. If feedback is
not returned, the control method is called open-loop control.
1-3
For First-time Users of AC Servos
1
1.1.2 Technical Terms
1.1.2 Technical Terms
The main technical terms used in this manual are as follows:
• Servo mechanism
• Servo
Normally, servo is synonymous with servo mechanism. However, because “mecha-
nism” is omitted, the meaning becomes somewhat ambiguous. Servo may refer to the
entire servo mechanism but may also refer to an integral part of a servo mechanism such
as a servomotor or a servo amplifier. This manual also follows this convention in the use
of the term “servo.”
• Servo control system
Servo control system is almost synonymous with servo mechanism but places the focus
on system control. In this manual, the term “servo system” is also used as a synonym of
servo control system.
Related TermsMeaning
ServomotorGeneral servomotors or Yaskawa SGMBH servomotors. In some cases,
a position detector (encoder) is included in a servomotor.
SERVOPACKTrademark of Yaskawa servo amplifier “SGDH SERVOPACK.”
Servo driveA servomotor and amplifier pair. Also called “servo.”
Servo systemA closed control system consisting of a host controller, servo drive and
The following diagram illustrates a servo system in detail:
Positionor
speed
reference
Comparator
(Input)
Positionor
speed
feedback
Power
amplifier
(3)(2)
Hostcontroller
(5)
Servoamplifier
(4)
Motor
drive
circuit
Gear
1.2 Configuration of Servo System
(Output)
Position
Speed
(1)
Controlled
system
Movabletable
Ballscrew
1
Drivesystem
(1) Controlled
system:
Detector
servomotor
Mechanical system for which the position or speed is to be controlled. This
includes a drive system that transmits torque from a servomotor.
(2) Servomotor:A main actuator that moves a controlled system. Two types are available: AC ser-
vomotor and DC servomotor.
(3) Detector:A position or speed detector. Normally, an encoder mounted on a motor is used as
a position detector.
(4) Servo amplifier:An amplifier that processes an error signal to correct the difference between a ref-
erence and feedback data and operates the servomotor accordingly. A servo
amplifier consists of a comparator, which processes error signals, and a power
amplifier, which operates the servomotor.
(5) Host controller:A device that controls a servo amplifier by specifying a position or speed as a set
point.
1-5
For First-time Users of AC Servos
1
1.1.2 Technical Terms
Servo components (1) to (5) are outlined below:
1. Controlled System
In the previous figure, the controlled system is a movable table for which the position or
speed is controlled. The movable table is driven by a ball screw and is connected to the
servomotor via gears. So, the drive system consists of:
• Gears + Ball Screw
This drive system is most commonly used because the power transmission ratio (gear
ratio) can be freely set to ensure high positioning accuracy. However, play in the gears
must be minimized.
The following drive system
1
is also possible when the controlled system is a movable
table:
• Coupling + Ball Screw
When the power transmission ratio is
1 : 1, a coupling is useful because it
has no play.
This drive system is widely used for
machining tools.
Coupling
Housing
Rolling-contact
guide
Ballscrew
Rolling-contact
bearing
TERMS
• Timing Belt + Trapezoidal Screw Thread
A timing belt is a coupling device that allows
the power transmission ratio to be set freely
and that has no play.
A trapezoidal screw thread does not provide
excellent positioning accuracy, so can be
Trapezoidal
screwthread
treated as a minor coupling device.
To develop an excellent servo system, it is
important to select a rigid drive system that
Servomotor
Timingbelt
has no play.
Configure the controlled system by using an appropriate drive system for the control
purpose.
1
Drive system
Also called a drive mechanism. A drive system connects an actuator (such as a servomotor) to a controlled system and serves a mechanical control component that transmits torque to the controlled system, orientates the controlled system, and converts motion from rotation to linear motion and vice
versa.
1-6
1.2 Configuration of Servo System
2. Servomotor
• DC Servomotor and AC Servomotor
Servomotors are divided into two types: DC servomotors and AC servomotors.
DC servomotors are driven by direct current (DC). They have a long history. Up until
the 1980s, the term “servomotor” used to imply a DC servomotor.
From 1984, AC servomotors were emerging as a result of rapid progress in micropro-
cessor technology. Driven by alternating current (AC), AC servomotors are now widely
used because of the following advantages:
• Easy maintenance: No brush
• High speed: No limitation in rectification rate
Note however that servomotors and SERVOPACKs use some parts that are subject to
mechanical wear or aging. For preventive maintenance, inspect and replace parts at reg-
ular intervals. For details, refer to Chapter 8 Inspection, Maintenance, and Trouble-
shooting.
• AC Servomotor
1
AC servomotors are divided into two types: Synchronous type and induction type. The
synchronous type is more commonly used.
For a synchronous type servomotor, motor speed is controlled by changing the fre-
quency of alternating current.
A synchronous type servomotor provides strong holding torque when stopped, so this
type is ideal when precise positioning is required. Use this type for a servo mechanism
for position control.
The following figure illustrates the structure of a synchronous type servomotor:
Rotary disc
Light-emitting
element
Position detector
(encoder)
Light-receiving
element
Armature
wire
Lead wire
Housing
Stator core
Magnet
Front cap
Ball bearing
Shaft
Rotor core
Yaskawa SGMBH servomotors are of the synchronous type.
• Performance of Servomotor
A servomotor must have “instantaneous power” so that it can start as soon as a start ref-
erence is received. The term “power rating (kW/s)” is used to represent instantaneous
power. It refers to the electric power (kW) that a servomotor generates per second. The
greater the power rating, the more powerful the servomotor.
1-7
For First-time Users of AC Servos
1
3. Detector
A servo system requires a position or speed detector. It uses an encoder mounted on a
servomotor for this purpose. Encoders are divided into the following two types:
• Incremental Encoder
An incremental encoder is a pulse generator, which generates a certain number of pulses
per revolution (e.g., 2,000 pulses per revolution). If this encoder is connected to the
mechanical system and one pulse is defined as a certain length (e.g., 0.001 mm), it can
be used as a position detector. However, this encoder does not detect an absolute posi-
tion and merely outputs a pulse train. Hence zero point return operation must be per-
formed before positioning. The following figure illustrates the operation principle of a
pulse generator:
Phase A pulse train
Phase B pulse train
Fixed slit
Light-receiving
element
Center of
revolution
Phase A
Phase B
Phase Z
Rotary
disc
Slit
Light-emitting
element
Rotary slit
• Absolute Encoder
An absolute encoder is designed to detect an absolute angle of rotation as well as to per-
form the general functions of an incremental encoder. With an absolute encoder, there-
fore, it is possible to create a system that does not require zero point return operation at
the beginning of each operation.
• Difference between an Absolute and Incremental Encoder
An absolute encoder will keep track of the motor shaft position even if system power is
lost and some motion occurs during that period of time. The incremental encoder is
incapable of the above.
1-8
1.2 Configuration of Servo System
4. Servo Amplifier
A servo amplifier is required to operate an AC servomotor. The following figure illus-
trates the configuration of a servo amplifier:
Servo amplifier
Motor driving AC power
Reference
input
Comparator
Power
amplifier
1
Feedback
Commercial AC power
Servomotor
A servo amplifier consists of the following two sections:
• Comparator
A comparator consists of a comparison function and a control function. The comparison
function compares reference input (position or speed) with a feedback signal and gener-
ates a differential signal.
The control function amplifies and transforms the differential signal. In other words, it
performs proportional (P) control or proportional/integral (PI) control
1
. (It is not impor-
tant if you do not understand these control terms completely at this point.)
• Power Amplifier
A power amplifier runs the servomotor at a speed or torque proportional to the output of
the comparator. In other words, from the commercial power supply of 50/60 Hz, it gen-
erates alternating current with a frequency proportional to the reference speed and runs
the servomotor with this current.
5. Host Controller
A host controller controls a servo amplifier by specifying a position or speed as a set
point.
TERMS
For speed reference, a position control loop may be formed in the host controller when a
position feedback signal is received. Yaskawa machine controller MP920 is a typical
host controller.
1
Proportional/integral (PI) control
PI control provides more accurate position or speed control than proportional control, which is more
commonly used.
1-9
For First-time Users of AC Servos
1
1.3.1 Outline
1.3 Features of Σ-ΙΙ Series Servos
A Σ-ΙΙ Series Servo consists of an SGMBH servomotor and an SGDH SERVOPACK.
1.3.1 Outline
This section outlines SGMBH servomotor types and the control types of SGDH SERVO-
PAC Ks .
SGMBH Servomotor Type
Σ-ΙΙ Series SGMBH servomotors are synchronous type servomo-
tors and have the following features:
Rated Motor
Speed
VoltageMaximum
To rq u e
Rated Output
Maximum
Motor Speed
1500 min
2000 min
-1
-1
400 V200 %22 to 55 kW (10 models)
Control Types of SGDH SERVOPACK
SGDH SERVOPACKs allow the control of speed, position and torque.
Speed Control (Analog Reference)
Accepts an analog voltage speed reference.
Position Control (Pulse Reference)
Accepts a pulse train position reference.
Torque Control (Analog Reference)
Accepts an analog voltage torque reference.
SGMBH
Servomotor
WARNING
5
May cause
electric shock.
Disconnect all power
and wait 5 min.
before servicing.
Use proper
grounding techniques.
SGDH SERVOPACK
1-10
1.3.2 Using the SGDH SERVOPACK
Using the SERVOPACK for Speed Control
The most common use of a SERVOPACK for speed control is shown below:
1.3 Features of Σ-ΙΙ Series Servos
Host controller
Position reference
Position
feedback
(Analog
voltage)
+
Speed
reference
+
-
Position
-
Convert
Position feedback
Position control loop
SERVOPACK
(speed control mode)
Power
amplifier
+
-
Speed
Pulse train
Servomotor
Torque
(current)
feedback
Encoder
As shown in the above figure, a position control loop is formed in the host controller. The
host controller compares a position reference with a position feedback signal and sends the
processed result to the SERVOPACK as a speed reference.
In this way the host controller can be freed from performing the servo mechanism control.
The SERVOPACK undertakes the speed control loop and subsequent control processing.
1
The Yaskawa machine controller MP920 is used as a typical host controller.
1-11
For First-time Users of AC Servos
1
1.3.2 Using the SGDH SERVOPACK
Using the SERVOPACK for Torque Control
The SERVOPACK can be used for torque control as shown below.
Host controller
Position
monitoring
Position
information
Torque
reference
(Analog
voltage)
Position feedbackEncoder
SERVOPACK
(torque control mode)
Power
amplifier
Servomotor
Torque (current)
feedback
Pulse train
The host controller outputs a torque reference to control the SERVOPACK. It also receives a
pulse train (position information) from the SERVOPACK and uses it to monitor the position.
1-12
Using the SERVOPACK for Position Control
The SERVOPACK can be used for position control as shown below.
Host controller
Position
monitoring
1.3 Features of Σ-ΙΙ Series Servos
Position
information
Position
reference
Pulse
train
+
+
--
Speed/current loop
Position feedback
SERVOPACK
(position control mode)
Power
amplifier
Servomotor
Pulse train
Encoder
The host controller can send a position reference (pulse train) to the SERVOPACK to per-
form positioning or interpolation. This type of SERVOPACK contains a position control
loop.
Parameters can be used to select either of the following pulse trains:
• Sign + pulse train
• Two-phase pulse train with 90° phase difference
• Forward and reverse pulse trains
The host controller receives a pulse train (position information) from the SERVOPACK and
uses it to monitor the position.
1
Parameter Setting
A Digital Operator can be used to set parameters for a SERVOPACK as follows:
• Setting parameters to enable or disable each function
• Setting parameters required for functions to be used
Set parameters according to the servo system to be set up.
1-13
2
Basic Operation
This chapter describes the first things to do when Σ-II Series products are
delivered. It also explains the most fundamental ways of connecting and oper-
ating Σ-II Series products. Both first-time and experienced servo users must