Matthias Klag, Michael Ruf
Revision and quality control: Cristina Bachmann, Heiko Bischoff, Marion Bröer, Sabine Pfeifer,
Heike
Schilling, Benjamin Schütte
This PDF provides improved access for vision-impaired users. Please note that due to the complexity
and number of images in this document, it is not possible to include text descriptions of images.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH. The software described by this document is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media except as specifically
allowed in the License Agreement. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, or other
wise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Steinberg Media
Technologies GmbH. Registered licensees of the product described herein may print one copy of this
document for their personal use.
Steinberg, HALion, VST, and ASIO are registered trademarks of Steinberg Media Technologies
GmbH. Windows
in the United States and other countries. Macintosh, Mac, Mac OS, and Logic are trademarks of
Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Pentium and Intel Core are trademarks or reg
istered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. All other product and company
names are ™ or ® trademarks of their respective holders.
7, Windows Vista and DirectX are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation
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Table of Contents
6Installation and Setup
6Welcome
7Key Command Conventions
7How You Can Reach Us
7Installation
9Setting Up
11The HALion Control Panel
11Introduction
11Configuring the Control Panel
13Setting the Focus
13Working with Multiple Windows
14Screen Sets
15Overview of the Available Editors
17Macro Pages
18Managing Your Sounds
18The Slot Rack
21Managing Multis
24Managing Files via the MediaBay
28Content Files and Folder Structure
28Loading HALion 3 Programs
29Working with General MIDI Files
30Loading and Managing Programs
30Introduction
30The Columns of the Program Table
31Loading Programs into the Program Table
31Loading Programs from the Program
Table to the Slot Rack
32Editing the Program Table
33Using the Program Tree
33Introduction
34The Program Tree Structure
35Editing Zones, Programs, and Layers
37Making Selections
38Navigating in the Program Tree
39Muting, Soloing, and Hiding
40Adding MIDI Modules
40Adding Insert Effects
40Changing the Order of MIDI Modules and
Insert Effects
41Adding Audio Busses
41Customizing the Program Tree
80Introduction
80The Path Section
81The Location Tree
82The Results List
84The Preview and File Info Section
84Loading Files
87Editing Programs and Layers in the
Sound Editor
87Introduction
87The Main Section
88The Trigger Section
90The Voice Management Section
94The Variation Groups Section
95The Quick Control Assignments Section
95The Note Expression Section
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97Editing Zones in the Sound Editor
97Introduction
97Global Zone Settings
98Editing Selected Zones or All Zones
98Absolute and Relative Editing
98HALion 3 compatibility
98Managing Sections
99The Voice Control Section
102The Pitch Section
103The Oscillator Section
107The Sample Oscillator Section
109The AudioWarp Section
112The Filter Section
116The Amplifier Section
118The Envelope Section
123The LFO Section
126The Step Modulator Section
129The Modulation Matrix Section
136 Mapping Zones
136Introduction
136The Mapping Editor
137Setting the Focus
137Zooming and Scrolling
138Selecting Zones
138Moving Zones
138Setting Key and Velocity Range
139Muting and Soloing Zones
139Showing and Hiding Zones
139Fading and Crossfading Zones
140The Root Key
140Triggering Zones
141Importing Samples Using Drag and Drop
141Mapping Zones
143Filling Gaps between Zones
143Selecting Zones with the Mapping Editor
219Introduction
219Making Preferences Settings
221Selecting the MIDI Input and the Audio
Output
221The Scratch Pad
224 Index
155 MIDI Editing and Controllers
155The MIDI Editor
156Using MIDI Controllers
157Assigning MIDI Controllers
157Assigning MIDI Controllers to AUX FX
157Saving a MIDI Controller Mapping as
Default
158Automation and Factory MIDI Controller
Assignments
158CC 121 Support
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Welcome
Installation and Setup
Congratulations and thank you for purchasing Steinberg’s HALion 4.
Ten years after the release of the first version of HALion, Steinberg is very proud to
present the fourth incarnation of its acclaimed VST sampler. When the idea of HALion
was first formed over a decade ago, the approach was to develop a highly userfriendly, yet powerful software sampler with an unparalleled feature set and a
seamless integration into modern DAWs.
Today, HALion 4 embodies the original philosophy better than ever before. When
comparing HALion 4 with its predecessors, you find many similarities, but the
immense advancements throughout the application stand out a mile. HALion 4 has
undergone a massive overhaul and a shift to an entirely new virtual instrument,
Steinberg’s VST sampler and sound creation system.
For the first time in its history, HALion combines a premium sample engine with a
virtual analog synthesizer and in this way opens the door to new sonic spheres. The
integrated mixing console, the studio-grade effects and the flexible user interface are
just some of the features that will truly inspire your creativity. One of the key objectives
during the development process was to further optimize the workflow concept. When
you get started with HALion 4, you will soon discover the many useful details that help
to turn your vision into reality.
HALion 4 was designed according to the requirements of professional sound
designers and was relentlessly refined during the engineering process, resulting in the
ultimate tool for discerning sound designers as well as finding the appreciation of
musicians, producers, and composers.
First of all, check out the massive sound library. With more than 1,600 instruments
and patches, HALion 4 includes the complete sound collection of the appraised
HALion Sonic workstation alongside many fresh new sounds.
After you have registered HALion 4 online, take some time to explore the community
section at www.steinberg.net/forum. You will find lots of useful information and get to
know other users in our discussion forums. Registering at
www.steinberg.net/mysteinberg also gives you access to special offers from
Steinberg in the future.
Have fun creating your sound. Your way.
The Steinberg HALion Team
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Key Command Conventions
!
!
Many of the default key commands in HALion use modifier keys, some of which are
different depending on the operating system. For example, the default key command
for Undo is [Ctrl]-[Z] under Windows and [Command]-[Z] under Mac OS X.
When key commands with modifier keys are described in this manual, they are shown
with the Windows modifier key first:
[Win modifier key]/[Mac modifier key]-[key]
For example, [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Z] means “press [Ctrl] under Windows or
[Command] under Mac OS X, then press [Z]”.
Similarly, [Alt]/[Option]-[X] means “press [Alt] under Windows or [Option] under Mac
OS X, then press [X]”.
Please note that this manual often refers to right-clicking, for example, to open context
menus. If you are using a Mac with a single-button mouse, hold down [Ctrl] and click.
How You Can Reach Us
Clicking the Steinberg logo in the top right corner of HALion opens a pop-up menu
containing items for getting additional information and help:
• This menu contains links to various Steinberg web pages. Selecting a link
automatically launches your browser application and opens the page.
On the web pages, you can find support and compatibility information, answers to
frequently asked questions, links for downloading new drivers, etc. This requires
that you have a browser application installed on your computer and a working
internet connection.
• When you choose the Help item, an online version of the documentation opens.
• You also find a menu item for the registration of your product.
For further information, see “Register Your Software” on page 9.
Key Command Conventions
Installation
Please read the following section before installing HALion.
The USB-eLicenser
Many Steinberg products, including HALion, use the USB-eLicenser, a hardware
copy protection device. HALion will not run without an eLicenser containing an
activated license.
The USB-eLicenser is a separate product and is not included in the product package
of HALion.
The USB-eLicenser is a USB device on which your Steinberg software licenses are
stored. All hardware-protected Steinberg products use the same type of device, and
you can store more than one license on one device. Also, licenses can (within certain
limits) be transferred between USB-eLicensers. This is helpful if you want to sell a
piece of software, for example.
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Installation and Setup
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The product package of HALion contains an activation code, which is found on the
!
Essential Product License Information card within the product package. To make
unlimited use of your version of HALion, you must manually download a license to an
USB-eLicenser connected to your computer, and activate your permanent license
using the activation code.
In the eLicenser Control Center you can activate new licenses and check which
licenses are installed on your USB-eLicenser. After installation of HALion, the
eLicenser Control Center can be opened via the Start menu on Windows systems or
the Applications folder on a Mac.
Ö If you are using other copy-protected Steinberg products, you may want to transfer all
licenses for your applications to one USB-eLicenser, thus using up only one USB port
of your computer. Please refer to the eLicenser Control Center Help for information on
how to transfer licenses between USB-eLicensers.
System Requirements
To use HALion, your computer must meet the following requirements:
Windows
- Windows Vista or Windows 7
- Pentium/Athlon 2.0 GHz dual core CPU
-2 GB RAM
-Approx. 15 GB of free hard disk space
- Display resolution 1280 x 800 pixels recommended
- For using HALion as a plug-in, a VST2 or VST3 compatible host is required.
Installation
Macintosh
- Mac OS X 10.6
-Intel Core Duo 2.0 GHz processor
-2 GB RAM
- Approx. 15 GB of free hard disk space
- Display resolution 1280 x 800 pixels recommended
- CoreAudio compatible audio hardware
- DVD-ROM drive with dual-layer support
- USB port for USB-eLicenser (license management)
- USB-eLicenser (not included)
- Internet connection for license activation
- For using HALion as a plug-in, a VST3 or AU compatible host is required.
Installing HALion
HALion provides a large amount of content and is distributed on a set of two DVDs.
Please have all DVDs ready for the installation.
The HALion installer allows you to save the content files on a different hard drive than
the program files.
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Installation and Setup
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Setting Up
Proceed as follows:
1. Insert the first DVD into your DVD drive.
An interactive Start Center appears. If it is does not open automatically or if you
have a Macintosh computer, you can manually open it by double-clicking the file
“HALion_Start_Center.exe” (Windows) or “HALion Start Center.app” (Mac).
2. Follow the instructions on screen to start the installation of HALion and browse
through the additional options and information presented.
If you do not want to install HALion via the interactive Start Center, follow the
instructions below:
Windows
1. Double-click the file called “Setup.exe”.
2. Follow the instructions on screen.
Macintosh
1. Double-click the file called “HALion.mpkg”.
2. Follow the instructions on screen.
Register Your Software
We encourage you to register your software! By doing so you are entitled to technical
support and kept aware of updates and other news regarding HALion.
• To register HALion, click the Steinberg logo in the top right corner of the control
panel and select “Register HALion now!” from the pop-up menu.
This option opens the registration page of the Steinberg web site in your web
browser. To register, follow the instructions on screen.
Setting Up
The following sections describe how to use HALion as a plug-in in different host
applications. HALion can also be used as a standalone application. This is described
in detail in the chapter
Setting Up HALion as a VST Instrument in Cubase
We assume that you have correctly set up Cubase as well as your MIDI and audio
hardware, and that Cubase receives MIDI data from your external MIDI keyboard. If
you want to use HALion in another VST host application, please refer to the
documentation of the corresponding application.
Cubase provides two ways of working with VST instruments: the VST Instruments
window and instrument tracks.
Accessing HALion via the VST Instruments Window
Proceed as follows:
1. Open the Devices menu in Cubase and select the VST Instruments option.
The VST Instruments window opens.
2. Click one of the empty slots to open the instrument pop-up menu, and select
HALion.
You are asked whether you want to create an associated MIDI track connected to
the VST instrument.
“Using the HALion Standalone Version” on page 219.
3. Click Create.
HALion is loaded and activated, and its control panel opens. A MIDI track called
HALion is added to the track list. The output of this track is routed to HALion.
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Installation and Setup
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Accessing HALion via an Instrument Track
Proceed as follows:
1. On the Project menu, open the Add Track submenu, and select “Instrument”.
The Add Instrument Track dialog opens.
2. On the instrument pop-up menu, select HALion.
3. Click OK to create the instrument track.
4. Click the Edit Instrument button in the Cubase Inspector to open the HALion
control panel.
HALion is now set up as a VST instrument in Cubase. For more details about the
handling of VST instruments, see the Cubase Operation Manual.
Selecting Outputs
HALion loads with a stereo output configuration by default. However, you can use up
to 32 stereo outputs plus one 5.1 output in Cubase. This allows you to route all 64
program slots to a dedicated Cubase Mixer channel.
To make these outputs available, proceed as follows:
1. Open the VST Instruments window.
Setting Up
2. Click the output button for the HALion instrument.
3. Activate the required outputs.
Cubase automatically creates a MIDI track for each additional output and adds a
channel to its Mixer. You can now route HALion programs or layers to these outputs
for further signal processing within Cubase.
Using HALion in an AU Compatible Application
You can use HALion in an AU host application (e. g. Logic). The AU version of HALion
is installed in your AU plug-ins folder and lets HALion work in an AU environment
without any performance loss or incompatibilities.
For Logic Pro, proceed as follows:
1. Open the Track Mixer and select the instrument channel that you want to use.
2. Click in the I/O field, and select the AU Instruments submenu.
3. On the Steinberg submenu, select HALion.
4. Select Multi Output or Stereo from the submenu.
HALion is now loaded as an AU instrument.
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Installation and Setup
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Introduction
A view
with a
single
editor
A view with
multiple
editors on
different
tabs
HALion provides flexible and highly customizable window management. You can
arrange the available editors in the window, structure the window sections using tabs,
and even configure several separate windows for your work. The size of each window,
and window section, is freely adjustable. This allows you to make the most of the
available screen space.
The HALion Control Panel
Configuring the Control Panel
You can set up the control panel exactly the way you want it, by determining the
number of different sections (which are referred to as “views” in this document) that
you want the window to contain, and by further configuring these sections, for
example by adding tabs. For each of these elements (views or tabs), you can specify
the editor that is displayed.
All these functions can be performed via the setup options. For views, these can be
accessed via the View pop-up menu. For tabs, they are available on the context menu.
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The following setup options are available:
Select… (Editor)
To select the editor to be displayed, open the Editor submenu, and select the editor or
choose “Select…” to display a pane showing icons for the available editors and click
on an icon.
“Split |” and “Split --”
You can add a view or tab to the window by splitting an existing view or tab.
• To perform a vertical split, select “Split |”. This adds a new editor to the right of the
current editor.
• To perform a horizontal split, select “Split --”. This adds an editor below the current
editor.
• You can also create a split view or tab by clicking its upper left corner and
dragging it to another position in the window.
This creates a copy of the view or tab at the drop position. A colored frame
indicates where it will be inserted when you drop it.
Configuring the Control Panel
Ö Some editors have fixed default sizes for height or width. For example, the Slot Rack
Create Tab
Ö If a view contains more tabs than can be displayed, arrow buttons are displayed to
Adjusting the Size of a Split View
• To adjust the size of two split views, point the mouse at the divider between these
two, click, and drag.
If a view is split into three or more parts, these parts are resized proportionally. To
resize an individual part, hold down [Ctrl]/[Command] and drag.
can only be resized vertically but not horizontally.
• Select “Create Tab” to create a tab.
You can also create tabs within tabs.
You can also create tabs the following way:
• Click in the upper left corner of an existing view or tab and drag it onto another
one.
• Click the plus icon to the right of the rightmost tab and click the icon for the editor
you want to display.
navigate between the tabs.
Renaming Tabs
When you create a tab, it gets the name of the editor it displays. You can rename tabs
via the context menu.
Close
Undock
• To remove a view or a tab, select Close.
• To create a duplicate of the view or tab in a new window, select Undock.
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The HALion Control Panel
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Further Setup Options
Moving Views and Tabs
• To move a view or tab, hold down [Shift], click in its upper left corner, and drag it to
another position.
Depending on the drop position, it is added as a tab or as part of a split view.
Expanding and Resizing Editor Sections
Some editors, such as the Options editor, contain expandable sections. These
sections can be resized or collapsed so that they only show their title bar. This helps
you save space and focus on the edited parameters.
Setting the Focus
• To expand or collapse a section, click the “+” or “-” icon on the left of the title bar,
or click the title bar.
• To open several sections at the same time, hold down [Ctrl]/[Command] and click
the “+” icon or the title bar.
• To resize a section, click in the middle of its lower border (the position is indicated
by a dotted line) and drag up or down.
Setting the Focus
It is useful to know which view, window, or tab has the focus, because this is where
your key commands are applied, for example. The view that has the focus is indicated
by a blue frame.
• To set the focus on a specific view, use one of its controls or edit a parameter.
You can also click on the frame of a view or in an empty background of a section.
Working with Multiple Windows
Creating Additional Windows
You can create new windows from existing views using the following methods:
• Click in the upper left corner of an existing view or tab and drag it out of the current
window.
• Use the Undock command, see “Undock” on page 12.
The window menu bar contains a pop-up menu from which you can select the
program that you want to edit.
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The HALion Control Panel
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Using Window Presets
HALion comes with several preconfigured window presets. You can open these by
clicking the “Open New Window” button in the top bar and selecting a preset from
the pop-up menu. You can also create your own window presets using the
corresponding commands on the pop-up menu.
Locking Windows
When you open an additional window, HALion shows the settings belonging to the
focused object (program, layer, zone etc.). This way, all editors and separate windows
relate to the same material.
However, in some cases it might be necessary to show different objects in different
windows, for example, to compare the parameter sets of two zones or layers. This can
be achieved by locking a window.
• To lock a window, click the lock button in the upper right corner. If this is activated,
the window no longer follows selection and focus changes in the main plug-in
window. Instead, it displays the settings of the program that was selected when
you clicked the lock button.
Screen Sets
Screen Sets
When you have set up the HALion control panel to your liking, you can save this
configuration as a “screen set”. This way, you can preconfigure HALion for different
workflows and editing situations.
When you start HALion for the first time, the default screen set is used, which is
optimized for wide-screen monitors and contains all editors.
The following factory screen sets are available:
Screen SetRecommended
Default1440 x 900Full editor screen set.
Basic1024x768A minimized single slot player view.
Extended11280x800Optimized for laptops.
Extended21440 x 900As Extended 1, but slightly more complex.
Advanced1440 x 900Full editor screen set.
Managing Screen Sets
You can load, save, and delete screen sets by clicking the screen set button on the
toolbar in the plug-in functions section and selecting the corresponding command
from the pop-up menu.
Description
Resolution
Ö Factory screen sets cannot be deleted.
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The HALion Control Panel
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Overview of the Available Editors
HALion provides a large amount of different editors that give you access to the
parameters of the plug-in and its programs and modules.
Overview of the Available Editors
The following editors are available:
Slot Rack
Allows you to load and manage the loaded programs, see “The Slot Rack” on page 18.
MIDI
Allows you to configure the ranges and MIDI parameters of the slots, see “The MIDI
Editor” on page 155.
Program Table
Shows all programs that are loaded. This includes the programs that are used in the
Slot Rack as well as those that can be loaded via MIDI program change, see
and Managing Programs” on page 30.
Program Tree
Allows you to create programs by combining samples, layers, busses, as well as MIDI
and audio effects, see
Sound Editor
Gives you access to the parameters of the various program components. It can
display the parameters of programs, layers, zones, MIDI modules, busses, and effects.
Which parameters are displayed depends on the object that is selected in the
Program Tree.
“Loading
“Using the Program Tree” on page 33.
Zone Editor
Allows you to edit the parameters of all zones of the focused layer simultaneously
(including any sublayers).
If zones are selected in the Program Tree or Mapping editor, only these zones can be
modified.
MIDI Modules Editor
Allows you to edit MIDI Modules, see “Using MIDI Modules” on page 63.
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The HALion Control Panel
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Macro
This is a content-specific editor that provides a set of the most important program
parameters. Whether such an editor is available for a program, depends on the
content set, see
Mapping Editor
Allows you to specify and visualize how samples are distributed over the keyboard and
velocity range, see
Sample Editor
Allows you to define all sample and loop parameters, see “Editing Samples in the
Sample Editor” on page 144.
Mixer
Allows you to mix the program slots, access the output and AUX busses, and manage
effects, see
Browser
Overview of the Available Editors
“Macro Pages” on page 17.
“The Mapping Editor” on page 136.
“Mixing and Routing” on page 159.
Allows you to browse and import files, including external sampler formats, see
“Importing and Exporting Samples” on page 66.
MediaBay
Allows you to load programs and layers, see “Managing Files via the MediaBay” on
page 24.
Options
Contains global plug-in settings regarding the overall performance, global edit
functions, and MIDI controllers, see
Undo History
Lists all of your actions and allows you to undo changes, see “Undo/Redo” on page 46.
Keyboard
Combines a keyboard, two wheels, and the HALion Sphere. You can use these
controls to simulate external hardware, see
Quick Controls
Allows you to remote-control any parameter inside the program, see “Quick Controls”
on page 53.
“The Options Editor” on page 48.
“The Keyboard Editor” on page 46.
Trigger Pads
Allow you to assign and trigger notes and chords. Furthermore it is possible to use the
trigger pads to switch the states of FlexPhraser modules, see
page 197.
16
The HALion Control Panel
“The Trigger Pads” on
Page 17
Macro Pages
VST Sound Instrument Sets provide dedicated editors, so-called Macro pages. These
Macro pages are preconfigured to show the most important parameters for the
specific programs.
Whether it is possible to edit a program only via its Macro page or whether you have
access to all underlying zone and layer parameters depends on the instrument set.
If a program comes with a Macro page, it is displayed when you open the Macro
editor.
When loading a program that contains one or multiple layers with Macro pages, all
Macro pages are shown together in the Macro editor. For each existing Macro page,
HALion inserts a navigation button on the toolbar that allows you to switch between
the different Macro pages.
Macro Pages
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The HALion Control Panel
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The Slot Rack
Program Loader
Mute Slot
Solo Slot
MIDI Activity
Indicator
Sort Slots
Remove All Programs
Show Empty Slots
Slot Sizes
The Slot Rack allows you to load up to 64 programs into so-called slots. Slots are
created dynamically for each loaded program. Their order can be arranged freely,
sorted by MIDI channel, or slot index.
Use the scrollbar to the right of the slots to navigate to the slot that you want to make
settings for.
Managing Your Sounds
Changing the Slot Size
You can change the size of the slots that are displayed using the sizing buttons above
the slots. The following options are available:
SizeFeatures
SmallShows MIDI Indicator, Mute, Solo, Program Loader
MediumShows MIDI Indicator, Mute, Solo, Program Loader, MIDI Port/Channel,
LargeShows Instrument Icon, Mute, Solo, Program Loader, MIDI Indicator, MIDI
Showing Empty Slots
By default the Slot Rack only shows slots that are currently filled with programs.
• To show all empty slots, activate the “Show Empty Slots” option on the toolbar.
Loading Programs
Programs and layers can be dragged from the following locations into the Slot Rack:
- HALion or Cubase MediaBay
- Program Table or Program Tree
-Import View
- Explorer (Win) or Finder (Mac)
Level, Pan, Level Meter
Port/Channel, Polyphony, Level, Pan, Output, Level Meter
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Replacing Programs
You can replace the program in a slot by dragging another program or layer onto this
slot.
Alternatively you can use the “Load Program” button at the right of the slot to load a
new program.
Loading Programs in between Slots
• If you want to add a program or layer in a new slot between two existing slots, you
can drag it between these slots.
A red line indicates that a slot will be inserted at this position.
Ö The slot number is taken from the first available slot and does not necessarily reflect
the order in which the slots are listed.
Loading Layers into Slots
If you load a layer into a slot, HALion creates a new program.
Managing Programs via the Slot Context Menu
The Slot Rack
The slot context menu provides additional functions for managing programs. The
following options are available:
OptionDescription
Load ProgramsThis option opens the “Load Program” dialog. Select a program
or layer and click OK to load it into the slot.
Save ProgramThis option saves the program. Please note that factory content
cannot be overwritten. Instead, the “Save Program” dialog is
opened and you can save the edited program under a new name.
Save Program As…This option opens the “Save Program” dialog where you can
save the edited program under a new name.
Remove ProgramSelect this option to remove the program from the slot.
Revert to Last Saved
Program
Cut ProgramSelect this option to copy and remove the program from the slot.
Copy ProgramSelect this option to copy the program without removing it.
Paste ProgramSelect this option to paste the copied program into the slot. If the
Rename ProgramSelect this option to enter a new name.
Reset Selected SlotSelect this option to reset the selected slot to the default values.
Reset All SlotsSelect this option to reset all slots to the default values.
Select this option to discard any changes made to the program
in the slot.
slot already contains a program, it is replaced.
Loading Samples and Third-Party Programs
Samples and third-party programs can be loaded into the Slot Rack from a file
browser or the Import editor using drag and drop.
Renaming Programs
You can rename a program via the context menu.
Ö To make the program with its new name available in the MediaBay, you must save it.
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Managing Your Sounds
Page 20
Sorting Modes
By default, slots are arranged freely. New slots are set to the next available index
number.
• To change the sorting mode, click the Sort Slots button on the left side of the Slot
ModeDescription
Custom SortingDefault mode.
Sort Slots by MIDI Port and
Channel
Sort Slots by IndexSlots are sorted by their index-number. No reordering is
Slot Controls
Depending on the selected slot display size you get access to additional slot controls.
Level
The level fader controls the output level of a program. The parameter has an influence
on all outputs used by layers and zones inside the program.
The Slot Rack
Rack toolbar, and choose a mode:
Slots are sorted by their MIDI channels. No reordering is
possible. New slots are set to MIDI channel A1.
possible. New slots are set to the next available index-number.
Pan
Pan controls the stereo position of a program. The parameter has an influence on all
outputs used by layers and zones inside the program.
Ö The Pan control is disabled if the slot bus has a surround configuration.
Solo
Activate the Solo button of a slot in order to hear only the corresponding program.
Several slots can be soloed at the same time.
Mute
Activate the Mute button to turn off playback of the program.
MIDI Port and Channel
Here you can specify on which MIDI port and channel the slot receives MIDI
messages.
MIDI Activity Indicator
A green bar next to the slot number and symbol indicates incoming MIDI data.
Polyphony
Here, you can specify how many notes can be triggered simultaneously.
Ö The number of resulting voices can be much higher if one note triggers several zones
at the same time.
Output
The output selector lets you define to which output bus the slot sends its signal.
Ö This setting does not affect any output routing that has been set up for individual
layers or zones inside the program.
Level Meter
The level meter indicates the signal level of the slot output bus.
Ö Layers and zones inside the program that are routed to individual outputs do not show
any meter activity.
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The Relationship between Slot and Program Table
Save
Multi-Program
Remove Multi-Program
Load Multi-Program
Export Multi-Program as VST Sound
Export Multi-Program as
VST3 Preset with Samples
The Program Table provides a list of all programs that are loaded into slots, as well as
programs that are not yet loaded but can be addressed by a program change.
When a program is loaded into a slot, it is also inserted in a free place in the Program
Table.
When replacing a program in a slot, the table updates accordingly. If multiple slots
have used the same program, all slots are updated with the new program.
Managing Multis
Multis can load multiple sounds or programs and combine them. You can use multis,
for example, to layer several programs or to create split sounds by setting several
programs to the same MIDI input channel. However, the most common usage is to
create sound sets with different instruments set to individual MIDI channels.
Managing Multis
A multi-program contains all plug-in parameters. When using HALion as a plug-in in
Cubase or Nuendo, these multis are listed in the Preset Management pop-up menu of
the host application. You can drag multis and programs from the Cubase or Nuendo
MediaBay to a slot in HALion.
When using HALion as a plug-in in a different host application, you can use either the
preset functionality from the host application, or the multi management features
provided by HALion.
Loading Multis
• Open the MediaBay and double-click a multi, or drag and drop a multi onto the
multi slot.
• Alternatively, click the “Load Multi-Program” button in the multi slot to open the
“Load Multi-Program” dialog, select a multi and click on OK.
Removing Multis
• To remove all programs of the current multi, click the “Remove All Programs”
button on the toolbar of the Slot Rack.
This also resets all slot parameters and removes effects from the slot busses.
However, AUX and Master effects are not removed.
Ö Removing the programs from the slots does not remove them from the Program Table.
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Saving Multis
Managing Multis
To save multis, proceed as follows:
1. Click the “Save Multi-Program” button.
2. Enter the name of the multi.
3. Assign any attributes you require and click OK.
If the entered name already exists, the “Make Unique Name” option adds a number
suffix to the name of the new multi.
Clearing the Plug-In Instance
To reset the entire HALion instance to an empty state, right-click the Multi Loader and
select “Clear Plug-in Instance” from the context menu.
Saving a Multi as Default
To specify a default multi to be loaded with each new HALion instance, use the “Save
as Default” command on the context menu for the Multi loader.
Creating Subfolders for User-Defined Multis
You can create subfolders inside the user preset folder to organize presets.
• To create a new folder, click the “Create New Folder” icon at the top left of the
“Save Multi-Program” dialog.
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Navigating Through the Folder Hierarchy
You can move through the folder hierarchy using the three navigation buttons at the
top left of the dialog.
They allow you to navigate to the previous or next browse location, or browse the
containing folder.
Editing Attributes
In the “New Preset Tags” section on the right of the “Save Multi-Program” dialog you
can edit the attribute values that are assigned to the preset.
1. To edit an attribute, click on a value field, and enter the new name or value.
2. Click OK to save the preset.
For further information about attributes, see “Editing Preset Attributes” on page 27.
Exporting Multis as VST3 Presets with Samples
You can export multi-programs with samples to transfer a complete multi to another
computer. Programs that use samples from VST Sound containers cannot be exported.
Managing Multis
To export a multi with samples, proceed as follows:
1. Click the “Export Multi-Program as VST3 Preset with Samples” button next to the
multi slot.
2. Enter the name of the multi, and click OK.
The multi is written to the specified location. Additionally, a folder named after the
preset that contains all samples is created.
Exporting Multis as VST Sound Files
You can produce your own HALion VST Sound files, containing all plug-in settings,
programs, and samples.
1. Click the “Export Multi-Program as VST Sound” button next to the multi slot.
2. Enter the required information (marked with an asterisk) and provide additional
data (optional).
3. Enter the path or click the browse button to specify a file name and folder.
4. Click OK.
You cannot include samples that originate from protected VST Sound files.
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Managing Files via the MediaBay
The MediaBay gives access to the HALion presets, such as multis, programs, and
layers.
Managing Files via the MediaBay
The MediaBay is divided into two sections. In the top section you can define which
kind of sounds you want to look for. The lower section presents the corresponding
results list. You can drag the divider at the top of the results list to adjust the size of
the two sections.
Loading Programs into Slots
To load a program into one of the slots of the Slot Rack, you have the following
possibilities:
• Select the slot into which you want to load the program and double-click the
program in the results list.
• Drag a program from the results list to an empty space in the Slot Rack to create a
new slot. If you drag it to an existing slot, the current program is replaced.
• Right-click the program and select “Load Program into selected Slot” from the
context menu.
Importing Presets
You can import existing program presets from any file location using the Explorer
(Win) or Finder (Mac). To import presets, proceed as follows:
1. Select the preset in the Explorer/Finder.
2. Drag it to the MediaBay.
The imported presets are copied to your user folder.
Deleting Presets
• To delete a user preset, right-click it to open the context menu, and select Delete.
Factory presets cannot be deleted.
Importing Folders or ISO Image Files
• To import the content of entire folders or ISO image files into the MediaBay, use
the “Batch Import” command on the location tree context menu.
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Applying Filters
Multi
Program
Layer
Category Filter
You can filter the results list based on up to four filter criteria using the configurable
attribute columns.
Standard attributes are Category, Sub Category, Style, and Character. By clicking on
specific values in the columns, you define the filter. Only the files that match the
selected values are displayed in the results list. Select more values from other
columns to refine the filter.
• To select different filter criteria, click the column header, and select a different
Instrument Set Filter
Use the “Instrument Set Filter” pop-up menu to search a certain content set only. By
default, the search is performed in any of the installed content sets.
Managing Files via the MediaBay
attribute from the submenu.
Using the Results List
The results list shows all files that have been found according to the category filter.
View Filters
The toolbar of the results list has three filter buttons to define which preset types are
displayed. Presets can be multis, programs, and layers. To show a preset, activate the
corresponding icon. In the results list, the corresponding icon is shown to the left of
the preset name.
Columns
The columns of the results list show all the attribute values for the presets that match
the filters that you set up in the top section.
You can reorder the columns in the results list by dragging the table headers to
another position. Furthermore, you can use the column headers to change the sorting
of the list entries. The triangle in the column header shows the sorting direction.
Setting Up the Result Columns
You can select which attribute columns are displayed, by clicking the “Set up Result
Columns” button on the toolbar of the results list. The attributes that you choose are
added at the right of the list.
Rating Filter
You can limit the results list to presets that have a certain rating. The rating slider
allows you to define the minimum rating.
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Managing Files via the MediaBay
!
Text Search
In the text search field on the results list toolbar you can enter text contained in the
name or any of the attributes of a preset that you are looking for. The results list
updates immediately and the Category search section above shows all categories
that contain presets matching the text search.
Resetting the Result Filter
• To reset the text-based result filter, click the Reset button to the left of the search
field.
Content Filter
The content filter buttons allow you to define whether you want to see all presets, only
the factory presets, or only your user presets.
The Results Counter
The number of presets that match the filter criteria is displayed at the far right of the
results list toolbar.
Using the Context Menu of the Results List
The context menu of the results list offers additional options for managing the
selected presets. The following options are available for factory and user presets:
OptionsDescription
Load Program into
This loads the highlighted preset.
selected Slots/
Load Multi-Program
Select AllThis selects all presets in the results list.
Select NoneThis cancels any selection.
The following options are available for user presets only:
OptionsDescription
CopyThis copies the selected presets to the clipboard. This way,
you can paste them at a different location using the file
browser of your OS.
RenameThis opens a dialog for renaming the highlighted preset.
DeleteThis moves the selected presets to the trash bin of your
operating system.
Show in Explorer/ Reveal in
Finder
Set or remove Write
Protection
This shows the preset in the file browser of your operating
system.
This sets or removes the write protection for the selected
presets.
Programs from the HALion factory content are write-protected and cannot be deleted
or renamed.
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Showing the Program Structure
You can also look inside multis, programs, and layers. This enables you to only load
specific components, for example.
Proceed as follows:
1. Activate the “Show Program Structure” button on the results list toolbar.
An additional window pane opens, showing the content of the selected multi,
program, or layer.
2. Navigate through the tree structure and select the subitem you want to use, for
example, a program within a multi, a single layer of a program, or a single zone.
Managing Files via the MediaBay
Ö You cannot open protected layers. These are shown with a lock icon.
Editing Preset Attributes
Each preset can be described using a predefined set of attributes. These attributes
can be set directly in the results list or in the section “New Preset Attributes” of the
Save dialog.
1. Click in the field of the attribute value that you want to set.
Depending on the attribute, a menu or a dialog opens.
2. Select a value.
Ö Attribute values are written directly into the corresponding preset files. However, this
is not possible for write protected factory content. In this case, the data is saved
within HALion’s MediaBay database.
Attributes
Attribute values can be set directly in the results list or the Save dialog. The following
table shows how to edit the various attribute values:
Attribute typeAttributeEditing method
Media
Musical
NameDisplay only.
RatingDrag to set the rating.
CommentClick to select, double-click to edit.
Content SummaryClick to select, double-click to edit.
Write ProtectionDisplay only, use context menu to set
protection.
Library NameClick to select, double-click to edit.
Library ManufacturerClick to select, double-click to edit.
AuthorClick to select, double-click to edit.
CategoryClick to select.
Sub CategoryClick to select.
StyleClick to select.
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Content Files and Folder Structure
Attribute typeAttributeEditing method
Sub StyleClick to select.
CharacterClick to open an editor dialog.
TempoClick to select, double-click to edit.
Bars & BeatsClick to select, double-click to edit.
SignatureClick to select, double-click to edit.
KeyClick to select.
GM SoundClick to select.
Setting the Character Values
Character attribute values can be set via a dedicated editor. This editor provides a list
of values that describe the character of a sound.
Content Files and Folder Structure
HALion has a large amount of ready-to-use sound content, made up of hundreds of
multis, programs, and layers. This content is write-protected. You can edit files while
they are loaded in HALion, but you cannot overwrite the factory content files themselves.
To save edits to the factory content, save the files under a new name. These files have
the name extension “.vstpreset” and are referred to as “user content”. They can be
searched and categorized in the same way as factory content.
User content is saved in a predefined folder structure on your hard disk. You can
create subfolders within this structure, to facilitate moving or exchanging content (see
“Creating Subfolders for User-Defined Multis” on page 22).
Loading HALion 3 Programs
HALion 4 allows you to load HALion 3 presets either from HSB container files or from
FXP/FXB files. To be able to load presets from HALion 3 HSB files, they have to be
registered in the HALion 4 MediaBay.
Registering HSB Files
1. Click the Import button on the right of the Category Filter toolbar, and select
“Register HSB/VST Sound Files”.
2. Navigate to the HSB/VST files, select them, and click OK.
The MediaBay now has access to the presets.
• Alternatively, HSB/VST files can be registered by dragging them from the
Windows Explorer or Mac OS Finder into the HALion MediaBay.
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Registering VST Sound Files
Programs that are contained in VST Sound files can only be seen and accessed by
the MediaBay if the corresponding VST Sound file has been registered. HALion’s
factory content is located in a directory that is automatically scanned when HALion is
loaded. However, it is possible to add further VST Sound files that are not located in
that directory.
To register a VST Sound File, proceed as follows:
1. Click the Import button on the right of the Category filter toolbar.
2. Select “Register HSB/VST Sound Files“.
3. Navigate to the VST Sound file, select it, and click OK.
The MediaBay now has access to the presets.
Loading FXP/FXB Files
To load FXP/FXB files there are two possibilities:
• Drag and drop the FXP/FXB files from the Windows Explorer or the Mac OS
Finder onto the Slot Rack.
• Drag and drop the FXP/FXB files to the Slot Rack/Multi Loader.
HALion converts the FXP/FXB files into HALion programs/multi-programs.
Working with General MIDI Files
Importing FXP/FXB Files
To import multiple FXP/FXB files without loading them in HALion, proceed as follows:
1. Click the Import button to the right of the Category Filter and select “Import
HALion FXP/FXB Files”.
2. Navigate to the folder that contains the FXP/FXB file.
3. Select the file you want to import and click OK.
The presets are converted into the HALion 4 format and saved as VST presets in
the user preset folder.
Ö Alternatively, import multiple FXP/FXB files by dragging them from the Windows
Explorer or Mac OS Finder into the MediaBay.
Working with General MIDI Files
HALion can play back files in the General MIDI format. For this, the following
preparations must be made:
1. Load a GM multi from the MediaBay.
The first 16 slots are prepared with send effects for Chorus and Reverb.
2. Open the Options editor, navigate to MIDI Controller, and activate “Receive
Program Changes” and “Receive RPNs 0/1/2”.
3. Load the GM file that you want to use.
HALion loads the necessary programs and adjusts chorus and reverb levels.
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Introduction
HALion allows you to load a virtually unlimited number of programs per instance. All
loaded programs, that means, programs that can be used in the current project, are
shown in the Program Table. You can load these programs into any of the 64 slots in
the Slot Rack.
The first 128 entries of the Program Table correspond to the 128 MIDI program
change numbers. You can load these programs into a slot by sending MIDI program
change messages on the slot’s MIDI channel.
Ö You can set the focus on any of the programs, for example to verify settings or to copy
zones from there, without having it assigned to any slot. In that case you cannot play
and hear the program.
Loading and Managing Programs
The Columns of the Program Table
The Program Table contains the following columns:
ColumnDescription
Program NumberDisplays the program number, which corresponds to the
MIDI program change number.
Program NameShows the program name. The name can be edited in place.
UsedDisplays the number of slots in which the program is loaded.
PreloadShows if a program is preloaded, even if it is not being used
in a slot.
File SizeDisplays the size of the program with all samples as it is
stored on the hard disk.
Configuring Columns
Inserting Columns
• Right-click the column header at the position where you want to insert the new
column, and select the parameter or column that you want to insert.
Removing Columns
• Right-click the header of the column you want to remove, and select “Remove…”.
Reordering Columns
• Drag and drop the header of the column left or right to the new position.
Changing the Width of a Column
• Drag the right border of the column header left or right to change its width.
Ö All modifications are stored with the project.
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Loading Programs into the Program Table
Loading Programs into the Program Table
There are several ways to load a program into the Program Table:
• Drag it from the MediaBay to the Program Table.
• In the MediaBay, right-click a program to open the context menu, and select “Load
Program into selected Slot”.
• Click the “Load Program” button in the Program Table toolbar, select a program,
and click OK.
If the selected entry in the Program Table already contains a program, the current
program is replaced. All slots that are making use of that program then refer to the
new program.
When multiple programs are dropped on a list entry, not only the target program is
replaced but also the following programs. The number of programs that are replaced
corresponds to the number of programs that you have dragged to the Program Table.
Ö You can also drag and drop programs from third-party sampler formats using the
Import Tree, see “Importing Third-Party Sampler Programs” on page 77.
Loading Programs from the Program Table to the Slot Rack
When dropping a program onto a free Program Table entry, it is added to the table
without being actually loaded to any of the slots. This way you can create a program
table without having to load all programs immediately.
If you want to use the program in a slot, you can create a new slot or replace the
program in an existing slot.
In case a program is loaded multiple times to different slots the slot rack focus jumps
to the first slot.
Creating New Slots
• Make sure that no slot is selected and double-click the program.
• Drag a program to an empty space in the Slot Rack.
Replacing Programs in Slots
• Double-click a program to replace the program in the selected slot.
• Drag a program from the table into an existing slot.
To quickly see which programs are assigned to slots their program numbers are
displayed in yellow.
Preloading Programs
When a program was loaded to the Program Table but is not used by one of the slots,
its samples are not preloaded. However, you can preload unassigned programs to
allow for a faster MIDI program change. You can activate the Preload option
individually for each program. This setting is saved with the project and plug-in preset.
Proceed as follows:
• Open the context menu for a program and select “Always Preload”.
• Activate the Preload icon of the program in the Preload column.
• To deactivate preloading, select “Preload Program On Demand” on the context
menu, or deactivate the icon in the Preload column.
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Editing the Program Table
Deleting Programs
You can delete the selected program by clicking the trash icon on the toolbar.
Alternatively, you can press the [Delete]-key on your computer keyboard or use the
Delete command on the context menu.
Exchanging the List Positions of Two Programs
Once a program has been loaded to a specific table entry, it is also associated with
the corresponding MIDI program change number.
For example, loading a program at position 3 of the list means that this program can
be loaded into a slot when it receives MIDI program change number 3 on its MIDI
channel.
If you want to quickly assign the program to another MIDI program change number,
you can drag it to the corresponding list position. In case another program already
occupies this position, the two programs change places.
Cut, Copy, and Paste
Editing the Program Table
Cut, copy, and paste programs by clicking the corresponding icons on the Program
Table toolbar, using the commands on the context menu, or using key commands.
Renaming Programs
• Select the program you want to rename and click the program name a second
time, or press [F2] (Win)/[Return] (Mac).
• Right-click the program and select Rename on the context menu.
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Introduction
The main area for navigating and making selections in HALion is the Program Tree. It
shows the selected program with all its layers, zones, and modules. Furthermore, it
allows you to load programs and layers, to add, import, or delete zones, etc.
Using the Program Tree
The first three columns in the Program Tree give you access to the Visibility, Mute, and
Solo functions inside the program. In the section to the right, the selected program
and its elements are displayed. They are organized in a hierarchical structure, with the
program at the topmost level.
Each element in the Program Tree is displayed with an icon in front of its name,
indicating the type of the element.
Programs and Layers
Programs are the top-level elements in the Program Tree. Only one program is
displayed at a time.
A HALion program is a complex instrument or sound that combines layers, sample
zones, synth zones, busses, MIDI modules, and FX modules. Often, a program contains
a single layer that already comes with all necessary components such as the synthesis
part or insert effects. This is because a layer already is a complete sound structure on its
own. Layers can be used to organize programs, for example by grouping a number of
zones. This is useful if you want to apply the same settings to a number of zones in one
go. The program adds the possibility of combining different layers to build up more
complex sounds or to create combinations of sounds you want to load as a unit. A
typical example is a bass/piano split sound or a piano/string layer sound.
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Zones
A zone is the element on the lowest level in the tree structure. The zones are the
elements creating the sounds in HALion.
You can choose between synth and sample zones. These zone types differ in their
basic sound source. While a synth zone provides an oscillator section with three main
oscillators, a sub oscillator, a noise generator, and a ring modulation stage, the sample
zone loads a specific sample instead.
Busses
Busses allow you to set up the audio routing in HALion and add audio effects.
MIDI Modules
MIDI Modules can be added for programs and layers, see “Adding MIDI Modules” on
page 40.
Audio Effects
Audio effects can be added for busses. For a detailed description of the available
audio effects, see the chapter
The Program Tree Structure
“Effects Reference” on page 166.
The Program Tree Structure
The Program Tree represents the signal flow inside the program from top to bottom:
The MIDI comes in at the top and goes down through the layers and MIDI modules.
The processing order of the MIDI modules inside the program or layers is from top to
bottom.
The audio is output via busses that can have any number of FX modules. The
processing order of the FX modules inside the busses is also from top to bottom.
Number of Selected Zones
Below the Program Tree, there are three numbers that indicate the following:
• The first number indicates the number of selected zones.
• The second number indicates the number of zones contained in the focused layer.
• The third number indicates the total number of zones in the program.
The three numbers are particularly useful while editing or deleting zones. For example,
if you have a piano that was recorded with several velocity layers per note, you will
know that each velocity layer has 88 sample zones. Let’s say, you want to edit or
delete a whole velocity layer. With a look at the three numbers you will know if you
selected the right amount of sample zones before you edit or delete them.
The Color Scheme
To indicate additional information, the icons of the program, layers, and zones change
their color.
Icon ColorDescription
Light blueThis is the standard color for zones. For sample zones this color
means all samples were found and loaded without problems.
RedThe icon turns red if a sample zone cannot find its sample, for
example, because a removable hard drive is not connected.
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Icon ColorDescription
YellowWhen you create a new sample zone, it is not linked to a sample, yet.
To indicate this, the icons of the corresponding sample zones turn
yellow.
Magenta To free memory on your computer, you can remove the samples
completely from RAM. The samples are played back from the hard
disk only. To indicate this, the icons of the corresponding sample
zones turn magenta.
Dark blueTo reduce hard-disk load, HALion can playback samples from RAM
only. To indicate this, the icons of the corresponding sample zones
turn dark blue.
Editing Zones, Programs, and Layers
Creating Zones
To create a new zone, you have the following possibilities:
• Drag and drop samples from the Cubase MediaBay, Windows Explorer, or Mac
OS Finder to a program or layer.
Editing Zones, Programs, and Layers
• Right-click a layer in the Program Tree, open the New submenu, and select Zone.
• Click the Zone icon on the toolbar of the Program Tree.
When creating new zones, HALion uses the default zone preset to set the zone
parameters to their default values. This preset contains all zone parameters, but no
sample-related parameters (sample start/end, loop start/end, etc.).
• To use specific zone settings, modify the default preset, and save it as default in
your “user presets” directory.
Creating Layers
To create new layers you have the following possibilities:
• Click the “Create New Layer” icon on the toolbar. When a layer is selected, the
new layer is added within this layer. When a zone is selected, the new layer is
added on the same hierarchy level as the zone.
• Too add multiple layers on the same level, [Shift]-click the “Create New Layer”
icon on the toolbar.
• Right-click a layer, open the New submenu, and select Layer.
Saving Programs and Layers
You can save programs and layers from the Program Tree as VST presets.
• To save a program, click the Save icon on the toolbar, or use the “Save Program”
command on the Load/Save submenu of the context menu.
• To save a certain layer, open the context menu, select the “Load/Save” submenu,
and select “Save Layer”.
Deleting Programs, Layers, and Zones
• Select the program or any number of layers and zones, and click the trash icon on
the toolbar, or press [Backspace], or open the context menu and select Delete.
Ö Deleting zones does not delete any samples on your hard drive.
Using the Program Tree
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Renaming Entries
When you create a new element in the Program Tree, it automatically gets a generic
name. You can change this name in the following ways:
• Select an entry, click it a second time, and enter the new name.
• Select an entry, press [F2] (Win) or [Return] (Mac), and enter the new name.
Drag and Drop
Select the program or any number of layers and zones and drag the selection to a
layer to move the selection inside this layer.
Using Cut, Copy, and Paste
• To cut the selected elements, use the Cut icon on the toolbar, the Cut command
on the context menu, or the key command [Ctrl]/[Command]-[X].
• To copy the selected elements, use the Copy icon on the toolbar, the Copy
command on the context menu, or the key command [Ctrl]/[Command]-[C].
• To insert the copied data, use the Paste icon on the toolbar, the Paste command
on the context menu, or the key command [Ctrl]/[Command]-[V].
Editing Zones, Programs, and Layers
Ö You can also copy or move the selection from one program to another. Furthermore, it
is possible to move a complete program into another one. In this case the moved
program becomes a layer inside the target program.
Paste to New Layer
To paste copied zones to a new layer, open the context menu for a zone, layer or
program (depending on where you want to insert the new layer), and select “Paste to
new Layer”.
Copying and Pasting Zone Settings
1. Right-click the zone that contains the settings that you want to copy, and select
“Copy Zone Settings” from the context menu.
2. Right-click one of the selected zones, and select “Paste Zone Settings” from the
context menu.
Transfer Settings to Mapping
Zones often have varying Fine Tune and Level settings, while other settings stay the
same across all zones. To avoid varying Fine Tune and Level settings in the zones, you
can transfer these settings to the Tune and Gain parameter of the mapping.
1. Right-click the program or the layers and zones.
2. Open the “Transfer Settings to Mapping” submenu and specify which settings to
transfer: “Select All” to transfer Fine Tune and Level at the same time or select
“Fine Tune” or “Level” to transfer them individually.
• The corresponding zone settings are transferred to the mapping and reset to their
default afterwards.
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Applying Layer Settings to Zones
In some cases it can be helpful to apply the layer settings to the zones they contain.
1. Open the context menu in the Program Tree and select “Apply Layer Settings to
Zones”.
2. Select which settings to apply. You can either apply all settings at once or one of
the following settings individually: Key Range, Velocity Range, Fine Tune, and
Level Pan.
All layer offsets are now calculated into the correspondent zone settings and then
reset to a neutral position.
Example:
A program contains layers that are limited to a specific key range. The contained
zones, however, use the full key range. In this case, all these zones fill the whole key
range in the mapping editor and it is impossible to see their real limitations. To solve
this, use the “Apply Layer Settings to Zones – Key Range” option so that the zones
inherit the limits of the layers. The layers themselves are reset to the complete key
range. Now, you can see the key range in the mapping.
Making Selections
Making Selections
The selection you make in the Program Tree defines which part of the program can be
edited in HALion. The editors automatically follow the selection and display the
available parameters. The name of the selected entry is marked in blue. If several
elements are selected, the one with the focus is available for editing. It is indicated by
an orange frame around its name. Any editing you perform always applies to the
selection.
Selecting Elements
• To select an element, click on it.
• Use [Shift] and [Ctrl]/[Command] to select a range of elements.
• To select all zones within the same layer, double-click one of its zones.
• To select all elements of a layer, double-click the layer.
• To select the entire content of a program, open the context menu, select the
Selection submenu, and choose “Select All”.
• To select all subentries of an element, open the context menu, select the Selection
submenu, and choose “Select Tree”.
Using the Selection Filter
The Selection Filter lets you select a group of elements by double-clicking on a
program, layer, or zone. By default, a double-click selects all elements of the Program
Tree.
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The Selection Filter can be set to select only zones, layers, effects, MIDI modules, or
busses. Different icons indicate which Selection Filter is active.
• To select a Selection Filter, click on the Selection Filter icon, and choose an
option.
Expanding and Collapsing the Tree
Navigating in the Program Tree
• To show or hide the content of a layer, click the plus or minus sign in front of the
icon.
• To expand or collapse an entire layer, including any sub-layers, open the context
menus for the layer, and select “Expand Tree” or “Collapse Tree”.
Navigating in the Program Tree
When the Program Tree has the window focus, you can use the arrow keys for
navigating in the Program Tree.
• When a single entry is selected, use the up and down arrow keys to select the
previous or next entry, respectively.
• To open or close a selected layer, use the right or left arrow key, respectively.
• To expand the selection, use the up/down arrow keys while holding [Shift].
• With multiple entries selected, use the up and down arrow keys to set the focus to
the previous or next selected entry.
If the Program Tree does not have the window focus, you can use the hotkeys [W],
[A], [D], and [X] to navigate in it.
• To select the previous or next element in the Program Tree, press [W] or [X],
respectively.
• To open or close the focused layer, press [D] or [A], respectively.
• If you are working with undocked views that have a Program Tree of their own, the
hotkeys are applied to the view that has the window focus, provided the lock icon
is activated.
Editing the Focused Entry
The Sound editor automatically shows the parameters of the focused entry, such as a
zone or layer. By using the Sound editor together with the Program Tree, you can
easily access and edit all parts of the program.
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Muting, Soloing, and Hiding
By muting, soloing, or hiding layers and zones, you can focus on editing certain parts
of the program.
In addition, the Program Tree allows you to list a customizable set of zone parameters.
This way, you can compare values between different zones directly in the Program
Tree.
Muting Layers, Zones, and the Program
Layers and zones that are muted are not output when you hit a key. For muted zones
or layers the Mute icon turns yellow. When a muted program or layer contains zones,
these zones are muted as well. This is indicated by an orange Mute icon in front of the
zones.
• To mute an element in the Program Tree, click the Mute icon in front of it. The
corresponding icon turns yellow.
• To reset the muting settings, click the Mute icon on the toolbar.
• To mute the selected zones, open the context menu of the Program Tree, open the
Mute/Solo submenu, and select “Mute Selected Zones”.
• To mute all zones, open the context menu of the Program Tree, open the Mute/Solo
submenu, and select “Mute All Zones”. The program itself and any of its layers are
not muted by this.
Muting, Soloing, and Hiding
Soloing Layers, Zones, and the Program
When a layer or zone is soloed, only that layer or zone can be heard. For soloed zones
or layers the Solo icon turns red. When a program or layer contains zones that are
soloed, its icon turns pink.
• To solo an element in the Program Tree, click the Solo icon in front of it. The
corresponding icon turns red.
• To reset the soloing settings, click the Solo icon on the toolbar.
• To solo the selected zones, open the context menu of the Program Tree, open the
Mute/Solo submenu, and select “Solo Selected Zones”. Alternatively, press [S] on
your computer keyboard.
• To solo all zones, open the context menu of the Program Tree, open the Mute/Solo
submenu, and select “Solo All Zones”. The program itself and any of its layers are
not soloed by this.
Making all Zones Audible Again
• On the context menu, open the Mute/Solo submenu, and select “Make All Zones
Audible”.
This resets all mute and solo states for the program.
• Alternatively click the header of the Mute or Solo column to reset all mute or solo
states.
Using “Solo Follows Selection”
The “Solo Follows Selection” function on the Mute/Solo submenu automatically solos
the layers and zones you select. Other parts of the program are muted. This is useful
if you want to switch between layers and zones and only have the current selection
played back.
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Using the Visibility Settings
Hidden layers and zones are not displayed in the Mapping editor.
Visible zones have an eye icon in the first column of the Program Tree. For invisible
zones or layers the eye icon is dimmed. When a program or layer contains hidden
zones, its icon changes to a half dimmed eye.
To hide or show layers and zones, you have the following possibilities:
• Click in the Visibility column for the layer or zone you want to hide or show.
• Use the options on the Visibility submenu of the context menu.
• To show a single layer or zone, [Alt]/[Option]-click its eye icon.
All other layers and zones are hidden.
• To show only the selected layers and zones, press [Ctrl]-[U] (Win) or [Alt]-[U] (Mac).
• To show all layers and zones, press [Shift]-[Ctrl]-[U] (Win) or [Shift]-[Alt]-[U] (Mac).
Using “Auto Visibility”
The “Auto Visibility” automatically shows the selected zones and any of their direct
siblings that are part of the same layer. Other zones are hidden.
• To activate Auto Visibility, open the context menu, select the Visibility submenu,
and choose Auto Visibility.
Ö With this option active, you can still toggle the visibility of zones inside the visible
layers.
Adding MIDI Modules
Adding MIDI Modules
MIDI modules process the stream of MIDI events inside a program. They can produce
monophonic modulation signals, which can be used as sources in the modulation
matrix. The MIDI modules can be assigned to the whole program or a single layer.
To add a module, proceed as follows:
1. With the program or a layer selected, click the “Create New MIDI Module” icon on
the toolbar of the Program Tree.
2. On the menu, select the MIDI module you want to add.
• Alternatively, open the context menu, select New and MIDI Module, and select the
module from the submenu.
Adding Insert Effects
To add insert effects to an audio bus, proceed as follows:
• Select the audio bus, click the FX icon on the toolbar, and select the effect you
want to add from the menu.
• Alternatively, open the context menu for the audio bus, select New and FX, and
select an effect from the submenu.
Changing the Order of MIDI Modules and Insert Effects
The order of MIDI modules and insert effects in the Program Tree also determines the
order of the processing. The topmost element is processed first, the lowest last. You
can change the order of the elements using drag and drop.
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Adding Audio Busses
If you want to add an insert effect to a program or layer, it has to contain an audio bus.
• To create an audio bus, select the program or a layer, and click the “Create New
Bus” icon on the toolbar.
• Alternatively, open the context menu for the program or layer, open the New
submenu, and select Bus.
Customizing the Program Tree
By default, the Program Tree has the columns Visibility, Mute, Solo, and Name. You
can add further columns that show more information.
The following columns can be added to the Program Tree:
ColumnDescription
Velocity RangeThis shows the velocity range of the zones.
Key RangeThis shows the key range of the zones.
Root KeyThis shows the root key of the zones.
TuneThis shows the tune offset of sample zones. Normally, Tune
GainThis shows the gain offset of sample zones. Normally, Gain
File SizeThis shows the size of the samples as stored on the hard
PreloadThis shows the amount of preload per sample.
MuteThis shows the Mute column.
SoloThis shows the Solo column.
VisibilityThis shows the Visibility column.
Learn Zone ParameterTo display a zone parameter in a column, use this option.
Adding Audio Busses
is set in the Mapping editor.
is set in the Mapping editor.
disk. Programs and layers show the sum of the samples
they contain.
Configuring Columns
• To add a column, right-click the column header and select the element you want to
show.
• To remove a column, right click the column header and select Remove.
You can also add a zone parameter as a column using the Learn function. Proceed as
follows:
1. Right-click the column header, and choose “Learn Zone Parameter”.
The mouse pointer changes to a question mark to indicate that HALion is in Learn
mode.
2. In the editor for the zone, click the parameter that you want to add as a column in
the Program Tree.
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Sorting Layers and Zones
You can change the sorting order of layers and zones using the Sorting Options
submenu on the context menu for the column or manually via drag and drop.
Sorting by Columns
The layers and zones in the Program Tree can be sorted according to columns in
ascending or descending order. The triangle in the header of a column indicates that
the sorting via this column is active. The tip of the triangle points up for ascending and
down for descending order.
• To activate the sorting via a column, click the header of the corresponding column.
• To switch between ascending and descending order, click the header of the
column again.
• To deactivate the sorting via the column, click a third time.
Sorting the Name Column
By default, the Name column is sorted in alphabetical order. However, you can
change the sorting according to pitch, velocity, or root key.
• To change the sorting, open the context menu, select Sorting Options and choose
an option.
Customizing the Program Tree
Changing the Sorting Order Manually
Samples are imported and shown in a certain order. When the column sorting is not
activated for a column, you can change the order manually using drag and drop.
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Global Functions and Settings
Introduction
This chapter describes global functions and settings in HALion.
The Plug-in Functions Section
The top section of the HALion window contains the plug-in functions section. This
section gives you access to functions that affect both the loaded programs, and the
plug-in in general.
The Plug-in Name
If you click the program name on the left, the About box opens. It contains information
regarding the version and build number of the plug-in. Use this information to verify if
your software is up-to-date. To close the about box, click on it or press [Esc] on your
computer keyboard.
The Program Slot Section
The program slot shows the program that is selected in the Slot Rack. The slot
parameters are the same as in the Slot Rack, see
In addition, the following parameters are available:
Program Icon
The program icon on the left shows to which sound category a program belongs, if a
category is set.
Slot Number
• Click the slot number and select a slot.
“The Slot Rack” on page 18.
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The Master Section
The master section can be used to set up volume and tuning for the plug-in.
Master Volume
Use the Master Volume slider to adjust the overall volume.
Master Tune
You can set the Master Tune slider within a range from 415.3 Hz to 466.2 Hz
(-100
cents to +100 cents). The default value is 440 Hz.
The Performance Displays
The Plug-in Functions Section
The performance displays to the right of the master section provide information about
the current system load.
CPU
This meter shows the processor load during playback. The more voices you play, the
higher the processor load. If the red overload indicator lights up, reduce the Max
Voices setting in the Options editor (see
Disk
This meter shows the hard disk transfer load during the streaming of samples or when
loading presets. If the red overload indicator lights up, the hard disk is not supplying
data fast enough. In such a case, adjust the Disk vs. RAM slider in the Options editor
towards RAM or decrease the Max Voices setting in the Options editor.
# – Polyphony
The first number indicates the number of voices currently played back, to help you
trace performance problems. If you have to reduce the Max Voices setting in the
Options editor, you can verify your settings by monitoring the number of voices
currently playing. The second number indicates the number of audio channels. For
example, one stereo voice displays two audio channels.
MEM (Memory)
This display indicates the overall amount of RAM currently used by the plug-in, to help
you trace performance problems. The number refers to the streaming buffer and the
preloaded samples. For example, if you need to free up memory for other applications,
you can do so by adjusting the Balance slider in the Options editor towards Disk and
verify your settings by monitoring the MEM display.
“Max Voices” on page 48).
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The Toolbar
Missing
Busses
Find Missing
Samples
Insert Effects/
AUX Effects/
FlexPhrasers
RAM Save
Enable MIDI Mapping
Selection Options
Undo/RedoMIDI
Reset
The toolbar is situated below the plug-in functions section. On the left, controls for
loading multi-programs are located, see
these you find two buttons for managing screen sets, see “Screen Sets” on page 14.
The right section of the toolbar contains various buttons with useful global functions.
Missing Busses
The Toolbar
“Managing Multis” on page 21. To the right of
If one or more bus connections could not be established, this button allows you to
open the Pending Busses dialog. Here you can select alternative busses to be used
instead, see
“Automatic Output Connection” on page 161.
Find Missing Samples
If you load a program that cannot find all samples that it uses, the “Find Missing
Samples” dialog opens, see
dialog without resolving all missing samples, this button becomes available. It allows
you to open the “Find Missing Samples” dialog after you have loaded a program.
“Finding Missing Samples” on page 70. If you close this
Global Insert Effects/AUX Effects/FlexPhrasers
Use these buttons to switch off all insert effects, all AUX effects, or all FlexPhrasers for
the plug-in at once. You can use this feature to compare sounds with and without
effects, for example.
RAM Save Mode
The RAM Save function can be helpful for optimizing the performance of your system. It
scans the playback of your project and unloads unused samples. Proceed as follows:
1. Click the RAM Save button.
2. In the dialog, click Yes to start collecting the necessary samples.
The RAM Save button starts blinking.
3. Play back the project in your host application from the beginning to the end or to
the point where no new notes are played.
4. Click the RAM Save button again.
A dialog opens asking if you want to unload all unused samples.
5. Click Yes to unload the unused samples.
If you click Yes, the button lights up, to indicate that RAM Save mode is active.
• To deactivate RAM Save and reload the unused samples, click the RAM Save
button again.
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Ö RAM Save mode always keeps samples that are within the range of the highest and
Pitchbend
wheel
Modulation
wheel
Ö If a program randomly triggers notes (for example different guitar slide noises), it is
MIDI Select
MIDI Reset
The Keyboard Editor
lowest note of the played programs. This also applies for unused expression layers
that can be controlled via key switches. This allows you to switch between
expressions within the valid note range after applying RAM Save mode.
possible that these notes are not triggered during the RAM Save analysis process,
and the samples are therefore removed. To prevent this, make sure that the highest
required note is manually triggered during the RAM Save analysis.
When this option is activated, played MIDI notes can be used to select zones. This
also influences zone parameters displayed in the editors.
This parameter is linked to the corresponding option in the Mapping editor so that you
can remote-control the option even if the Mapping editor is not visible, see
Zones with the Mapping Editor Keyboard” on page 143.
Sometimes notes can “hang”, due to the plug-in losing the MIDI connection, or the
plug-in receiving wrong MIDI controller data. In such a case, you can “emergency
reset” the plug-in.
“Selecting
• Click the MIDI Reset button (the lightning icon) to send an “All Sound Off” and
“Reset All Controllers” message to the plug-in.
The plug-in stops playback immediately and resets the controllers to their default
values.
Undo/Redo
You can click the Undo/Redo buttons to undo or redo a single step, or you can click
the small triangles to open a list of the performed steps, and go back (or forward) to
that particular step.
Ö The Undo History can also be opened as a separate editor. This allows for a better
overview over the undo/redo steps.
The Keyboard Editor
The Keyboard editor contains the wheel controls, the sphere control and the internal
keyboard.
Wheel Controls
To the left of the internal keyboard, the pitchbend wheel and the modulation wheel are
located.
The modulation wheel is hardwired to MIDI controller #1 which is normally used as a
source in the modulation matrix, but can be used as a quick control as well. Typically,
you assign the modulation wheel to a parameter of an insert effect, such as the speed
of the Rotary effect.
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Internal Keyboard
The internal keyboard in HALion spans the entire MIDI note range from C-2 to G8.
You can use it for several purposes. The simplest one is to trigger notes just as
playing them on a MIDI keyboard, but you can also drop samples onto it to import and
map samples.
Display Options
You can resize the internal keyboard horizontally and vertically. A vertical resize changes
the size of the individual keys and a horizontal resize defines how many octaves are
visible. When the horizontal size is not sufficient to display all octaves you can use the
left/right arrow buttons to both sides of the keys to shift the visible range by octaves.
For each key, the keyboard indicates whether a sample is mapped to it. Empty keys
are displayed in light gray.
The Keyboard Editor
The following color scheme is used for the keys:
ColorDescription
YellowA key switch is assigned to that key.
BeigeA remapped key switch is assigned to that key.
RedThe key is assigned to an expression in the Layer Alternate MIDI module.
BlueThe key is assigned to a trigger pad.
GreenA loop trigger note is assigned to that key.
Triggering Notes
The vertical position where you click the key defines the velocity that is used to trigger
a note. Click on the lower end of a key to use the highest velocity, and click on the
upper end of a key to use the lowest velocity.
• Right-click a key to open a context menu that contains information about the key.
You can import samples to a specific key (or key range) by dragging them onto the
keyboard, see
Sphere Control
The “Assigned Zones” submenu displays the names of all zones that are mapped
to this key, allowing you to select a zone. The Info submenu shows pitch and
velocity information. Select “Clear key” to remove all assignments.
“Importing and Exporting Samples” on page 66.
The Sphere is a two-dimensional control. It allows you to adjust two parameters
simultaneously, by dragging the mouse horizontally (Sphere H) and vertically
(Sphere
Sphere, such as cutoff and resonance.
The small triangles for indicating the horizontal and vertical axis are only available if
parameters are assigned to Sphere H and V.
You can reset the sphere to the center position using the corresponding options on
the context menu.
V). Typically, two parameters that belong together are assigned to the
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The Options Editor
The Options editor contains global settings regarding performance issues, global
functions, and MIDI controllers.
The Options Editor
Performance Section
This section contains settings to optimize the overall CPU performance of HALion.
Max Voices
This specifies a maximum number of voices that a plug-in instance of HALion can play
back simultaneously. As soon as the limit is reached, HALion starts “stealing” voices.
Max CPU
To avoid clicks caused by CPU overload, you can specify a maximum limit for the CPU
load of the plug-in instance in percent. When the limit is reached, HALion automatically
starts stealing voices. At a setting of 100
Because HALion needs some time to react, you can get CPU peaks that exceed the
limit you specified, which can lead to artifacts such as audio drop-outs. Therefore, it is
advisable to set the Max CPU value a bit lower than actually needed.
Voice Fade Out
This adjusts the fade out time for voices that need to be stolen because the Max
Voices or the Max CPU setting of the plug-in instance is reached.
Osc ECO Mode
When this is activated, the oscillators of synth layers run in ECO mode, and use less
CPU. This allows you to play more voices, but also produces more aliasing at higher
pitches.
%, no voices are stolen.
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The Options Editor
Multi Loading
Normally, when loading multi-programs, the previous multi is kept in the RAM until the
new multi has been completely loaded. Therefore, replacing a large multi by another
can lead to RAM overload on 32-bit systems.
• To clear a multi before loading a new one, select “Clear before” on the “Multi
Loading” pop-up menu.
Ö When “Clear before” is selected and you cancel the loading process, an empty multi
is loaded.
Multi-Core
On the Multi-Core pop-up menu, you can specify how many of the available CPU
cores of your system can be used by HALion. This allows HALion to compute each
program on a different core, for example. The best setting here depends on multiple
factors, and varies from system to system, and project to project. A good starting
point is to set this value to one core less than the available number of cores.
If problems occur, reduce the number of cores, or set the pop-up menu to Off to
deactivate multi-core mode and load multiple instances of HALion instead. This way,
the host application distributes the work load across the available cores.
Streaming Section
Some of the programs include up to 1 GB of samples, such as the acoustic piano. This
is a large amount of data and your computer cannot load all samples into the RAM,
especially if you are using all slots. Instead, HALion only loads the first milliseconds of
each sample into the RAM and constantly loads more manageable portions from the
hard disk while you play. With every additional note you play, the hard disk load
increases, therefore, it is a good idea to load as much material as possible into the RAM
beforehand. This, of course, leaves less RAM for other applications. For an optimum
performance of your system, you can balance the hard disk versus RAM usage.
Balance
With this slider, you can balance the hard disk versus RAM usage.
• If you need more RAM for other applications, drag the slider to the left towards the
Disk setting.
• If your hard disk is not supplying data fast enough, drag the slider to the right
towards the RAM setting.
The memory displays are updated accordingly.
The Balance setting always applies to all plug-in instances. It is not saved with the
project. You have to set it up only once for your computer system.
Max Preload
This slider determines the maximum amount of RAM that HALion uses for preloading
samples. In most cases, the default values are sufficient. However, it may become
necessary to reduce this value, for example, when working with other applications or
plug-ins that require a lot of memory.
Used Memory and Available Memory
These displays provide information of the memory load in MB according to the current
Balance slider setting.
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Edit Section
Ö You can also right-click on the title bar of a section and select the “Auto Collapse
The Options Editor
This section contains some common settings of HALion and you can specify an
external wave editor that you want to use for editing your samples.
The settings in the Edit section are not saved with a particular project, but affect
HALion as a whole.
Show Tooltips
Activates and deactivates the tooltips.
Show Value Tooltips
When this is activated, parameters without a value field indicate their value in a tooltip
when you use the control.
Auto Collapse Sections
By default, all collapsable sections can be freely collapsed and expanded. Activate
“Auto Collapse Sections” to automatically collapse all other sections when expanding
a specific section.
Sections” option.
Restore Screen Set
This option restores the corresponding screen set when loading a multi.
Ö In a VST 2 or AU environment, screen sets and windows are always restored when
loading a multi.
Undo Steps
This option determines the number of undo steps that are memorized in the undo
history. Set this value to infinite (Maximum) to realize unlimited undo. Keep in mind that
the more undo steps in the history, the more RAM is used up.
Key Commands
This opens the Key Commands dialog. For detailed information, see “Using Key
Commands” on page 59.
External Wave Editor
HALion allows you to specify an external sample editor application that can be used to
perform destructive offline editing on a sample, for example applying EQs, filtering, or
denoising.
Here, you can specify which application to use. You can either type in the path
manually or click the Browse button to navigate to the corresponding application
folder. For more information, see
Temp Folder
Here, you can specify a temp folder for exchanging samples between HALion and the
external editor.
“Editing Samples in an External Editor” on page 149.
Update Sample
Here, you can specify the behavior of HALion when a sample is saved in the external
editor. The following options are available:
OptionDescription
AskWhen switching back to HALion, you are asked whether the changed
sample should replace the current sample.
AlwaysHALion accepts the modified sample.
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The Options Editor
OptionDescription
With BackupHALion accepts the modified sample and automatically creates a
backup of the old sample file.
NeverModified samples are never accepted automatically. You have to
import the modified sample manually from the temp folder.
Temp Cleanup
After a certain period of time, HALion removes temporary sample files from the temp
folder. The Temp Cleanup option allows you to specify how HALion handles these
samples. The following options are available:
OptionDescription
AskYou are prompted to confirm the cleanup of the temp folder.
AlwaysAlways removes temporary files without further notice. If a file cannot
be deleted, an error message is shown.
Ignore ErrorAlways removes temporary files without further notice. If a file cannot
be deleted, no error message is shown.
NeverTemporary files are never deleted. You have to delete them manually.
Import Section
Here, you can specify which zone templates to use when importing samples. For
example, by specifying different headroom settings for single and multiple samples,
you can import single drum loop samples without headroom and multiple instrument
samples including their headroom settings, which are required for polyphonic
playback.
MIDI Controller Section
Here, you can make MIDI controller settings.
Controller Assignment
• To restore the factory MIDI controller assignments, click the “Reset to Factory”
button.
• To save the current MIDI controller assignments as default, click the “Save as
Default” button.
“Save as Default” does not include any of the MIDI controller assignments of the
AUX effects.
The MIDI controller mapping is saved with each project. This allows you to transfer
your settings to other systems. The project includes the MIDI controller assignments
of the AUX effects as well.
Receive Program Changes
Activate this option if you want HALion to respond to program change messages.
These are generally used by General MIDI (GM) files, for example.
Receive RPNs 0/1/2
GM files can contain information about pitchbend range, coarse tuning, and fine
tuning. This information is transmitted as RPNs (Registered Parameter Numbers).
Activate this option if you want HALion to respond to RPNs.
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The Options Editor
Smoothing
MIDI controllers have a maximum resolution of 128 steps. This is rather low. When
you use a MIDI controller as a modulation source in the modulation matrix or to
remote-control a quick control, the parameter does not change smoothly, which can
produce an effect often referred to as “zipper noise”. To avoid this, HALion offers MIDI
controller smoothing.
• Turn the control to the left to increase controller smoothing.
Parameter changes triggered by MIDI controllers are less immediate.
• Turn the control to the right to decrease controller smoothing.
This way, parameters respond faster to MIDI controllers.
Velocity Note-On to Note-Off
Some keyboards do not transmit note-off velocity messages. If this option is activated,
the played note-on velocity value is also used as note-off velocity for the notes.
FlexPhraser Hold Reset
Sends a global Hold Reset message to all FlexPhraser modules that are used in
HALion.
The Reset Controller pop-up menu allows you to assign a dedicated MIDI controller
to the FlexPhraser Hold Reset button for remote-controlling it.
Performance Meter Section
The Performance Meter section provides a variety of performance relevant information.
Each meter displays the current value, the peak value, and a curve showing the changes
over time. To reset all peaks, click the reset button (the lightning icon) in the title bar of
the section. The following values are displayed:
OptionDescription
VoicesThe number of played voices.
Streamed MB/sThe quantity of sample data that is streamed from the hard
CPU Avg LoadThe average CPU load.
CPU Peak LoadThe CPU peak load.
Dropout/sThe number of dropouts per second. (This can be an indicator
Preload MemoryThe quantity of samples loaded into the RAM of your
disk.
for hard disks that are too slow.)
computer.
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Quick Controls
Quick controls allow you to remote-control any parameter inside the program. For
each program and layer, eight quick controls are available. Furthermore, “Sphere H”,
“Sphere V”, and the modulation wheel can also serve as quick controls.
The quick controls can be accessed via the Quick Controls editor for a program or
layer.
Assigning Quick Controls
You can assign quick controls to a parameter of the program or one of its layers, to
zones inside a program or layer, or to parameters of a MIDI module or an effect.
Proceed as follows:
1. In the Program Tree, select the element that you want to remote-control via a quick
control.
2. Open the Sound editor.
Quick Controls
3. Right-click the control to which you want to assign a quick control and open the
Assign Quick Control submenu.
4. On the submenu for the program or layer, select the quick control that you want to
assign.
Ö You can assign the same quick control to different parameters. This allows you to
make complex sound settings with a single control. However, you cannot assign
different quick controls to the same parameter.
• To remove a quick control assignment, right-click the control, and select “Forget
Quick Control”.
• To unassign a quick control in the Quick Control Assignments section, select the
quick control that you want to edit in the list on the left, right-click its assignment in
the list to the right, and select “Remove Assignment”.
Single Assignment vs. Multi Assignment
You can assign a quick control to a single parameter of a zone or module (single
assignment) or to the same parameter of all zones inside a layer (multi assignment).
• Single assignments override multi assignments. For example, if a quick control
remote-controls the cutoff of all zones inside a layer and you assign the cutoff of
one of these zones to another quick control, the multi assignment is overridden by
this single assignment.
• If you remove a single assignment from a parameter of a zone that is part of a layer
that has a multi assignment on the same parameter of all other zones, the zone
becomes part of the multi assignment again.
• If you add another zone to a layer that has a multi assignment, the added zone gets
the same quick control assignments as the other zones of that layer.
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Managing Quick Controls
The Quick Control Assignments section in the Sound editor for programs and layers
allows you to manage and edit assigned quick controls. The eight quick controls are
listed on the left. The assignments of the selected quick control are listed on the right.
Each assignment is displayed in a separate row with parameters to adjust the
behavior of the quick control assignment.
Ö If the selected quick control has no assignments, the list on the right is empty.
Naming Quick Controls
1. Open the Quick Control Assignments section of the program or layer that holds
the quick control.
2. In the Name column in the section on the left, click the quick control you want to
rename, and enter a new name.
Quick Controls
Ö You can also enter the name for a quick control in the Quick Controls editor.
Duplicating Quick Controls
You can duplicate a quick control assignment using the “Duplicate Assignment”
command on the context menu for the quick control.
Changing the Order of Quick Control Assignments
Drag an assignment between two other quick controls. When a line is shown, release
the mouse button to insert the quick control assignment.
Replacing Quick Control Assignments
Drag an assignment onto another quick control. When a rectangle is shown, release
the mouse button to replace the quick control assignment.
Assigning Quick Controls to Another Parameter
In the Quick Control Assignments section, you can reassign a quick control to another
parameter.
Proceed as follows:
1. Select the quick control that you want to edit.
2. In the list on the right, click the parameter name to open the pop-up menu, and
select a parameter from the menu.
You can only select parameters within the same layer, zone or module. In other words,
if the quick control is assigned to a layer parameter, you cannot reassign it to a zone
parameter.
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Setting the Scope of Quick Control Assignments
By default, all zones inside the layer that the quick control belongs to respond to the
quick control. To prevent zones inside a program from responding to the quick control,
you can change the scope of the quick control for a single layer or zone.
The pop-up menu in the middle of each assignment row displays which part of the
program is affected by this quick control assignment. If the name of a zone or module is
displayed here, only that zone or module is affected by the quick control assignment. If
the name of the program or one of its layers is displayed, all zones inside the program or
layer are affected. You can change which part of the program is affected by selecting
the corresponding option from the pop-up menu.
When a quick control is assigned to a parameter of the program or one of its layers,
the scope of that assignment is always that program or layer only. Any layers from
deeper hierarchy levels are not affected by the quick control. This behavior is different
to assignments that apply to zone parameters: Assignments for all zones inside a
program or layer always affect the zones that are on a deeper hierarchy level, too.
You can also deactivate the “Receive Quick Controls” button for certain layers, see
“Receiving Quick Controls” on page 56.
Quick Controls
Setting the Minimum/Maximum Range
You can set the minimum and maximum range for each assignment separately. This
gives you better control over the parameter change.
You can set the range for a control either by specifying a minimum and maximum value
on the context menu of the control itself, or by using the corresponding value fields in
the Quick Control Assignments section. To edit the range graphically, click and drag
the blue handles in the curve display.
Trimming the Range
The Trim Range function allows you to optimize the quick control range depending on
the current parameter value.
Proceed as follows:
1. Right-click the assignment in the list on the right.
2. To trim the range of a single assignment, select “Trim Range”. To trim the range of
all quick controls, select “Trim Range of all Quick Controls”.
3. The minimum and maximum values are set automatically.
Whenever you change the original parameter, you have to apply the Trim Range
function again to guarantee the best control range.
Setting the Default Range
This function sets the quick control to the maximum possible range.
Proceed as follows:
1. In the Quick Control Assignments section, right-click the assignment on the right.
2. To set the default range of a single assignment, select “Set Default Range”. To set
the default range of all quick controls, select “Set Default Range of all Quick
Controls”.
As soon as you change the original parameter in the editor section again, the Set
Default Range function has to be reapplied to guarantee the best control range.
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Adjusting the Curvature
You can adjust the curvature of each assignment separately.
Proceed as follows:
1. On the left of the Quick Controls Assignment section, select the quick control you
want to edit.
2. On the right, specify the curvature in the value field between the minimum and
maximum value field.
Positive values change the curvature towards logarithmic and negative values
towards exponential behavior.
You can also edit the curvature graphically in the display on the right by dragging it up
and down.
Setting the Behavior of Quick Control Assignments
A quick control behaves either as continuous control or as a switch. In addition, it
remote-controls a parameter either in relative or absolute mode. Relative mode changes
the values of the assigned parameters without loosing their relative settings. Absolute
mode changes the assigned parameters by overwriting them with the current quick
control value. You can specify a mode for each assignment. You can set the behavior in
the context menu for the control itself or via the pop-up menu in the Quick Control
Assignments section.
Quick Controls
The following options are available:
OptionDescription
RelativeRemote-controls the parameter values continuously.
AbsoluteRemote-controls the parameter values continuously.
Switch RelativeSwitches between the minimum and maximum value.
Switch AbsoluteSwitches between the minimum and maximum value.
Receiving Quick Controls
In the upper right corner of the Quick Control Assignments section the Receive Quick
Controls button is located. Use this button to determine whether zones inside a layer
respond to quick controls. This includes any single and multi assignment to zones.
Quick control assignments belonging to the layer itself are not affected.
This is useful if you assigned quick controls to the whole program and you want to
exclude parts of it, such as the layer containing the instrument noises.
Proceed as follows:
1. In the Program Tree, select the program or layer that you want to respond to the
quick controls.
2. In the Quick Control Assignments section, click the “Receive Quick Controls”
button (the antenna icon).
When the Antenna button is activated, zones inside a layer respond to quick
controls from outside.
Parameter changes can still be heard.
Parameter changes are overwritten.
Parameter changes can still be heard.
Parameter changes are overwritten.
Bypassing Quick Controls
To hear a sound without quick control assignments, bypass them temporarily by
clicking the corresponding Mute button in the Quick Control Assignments section.
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Assigning Quick Controls in the Modulation Matrix
In addition to assigning the quick controls directly to parameter controls, you can also
assign them as source or modifier in the modulation matrix. This way, you can combine
the quick control with other modulation sources.
Proceed as follows:
1. In the Program Tree, select the zones you want to edit. Make sure that the zones
are part of the program or layer with the quick controls you want to use.
2. In the Sound editor, open the Modulation Matrix section.
3. On the pop-up menu in the Source/Modifier column, open the Assign Quick
Control submenu, and select the quick control.
The submenu lists only the quick controls that belong to the same layer or that are
on a higher hierarchy level.
AI-Knob Support
HALion can be controlled with the ai-knob of Steinberg’s CC121, CI 2, and CI2+
controller units.
AI-Knob Support
• To change a parameter value, move the mouse pointer over the control you want to
change and turn the ai-knob to set the value.
Ö Certain parameters cannot be controlled by the ai-knob due to internal differences in
parameter resolution. For example, sample marker positions cannot be changed with
the ai-knob because their ranges vary too much.
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Introduction
This chapter describes common editing methods in HALion.
Using Controls in HALion
Knobs and Sliders
Most of the editing methods are the same for knobs and sliders. The following applies:
• You can adjust the value by clicking on a knob or fader, and dragging up and
down, or by using the mouse wheel.
• When you press [Alt]/[Option] and click on a knob, a small fader appears, allowing
you to set the parameter.
Common Editing Methods
• Press [Shift] and move the knob or use the mouse wheel to make fine adjustments.
• Press [Ctrl]/[Command] and click on a control to restore the default value.
• Knobs and sliders can be unidirectional or bidirectional. Unidirectional values, for
example level values, start at a minimum value and go up to the maximum.
Bidirectional controls start from the middle position and go to the left for negative
and to the right for positive values.
• To navigate to the next parameter, press [Tab]. To jump backwards to the previous
parameter, press [Shift]-[Tab].
Ö When no parameter is selected inside a focused view, pressing [Tab] always jumps to
the very first parameter.
Multi Selection and Parameter Controls
When several zones are selected and they do not share the exact same values, most
of the controls indicate this by turning entirely or partially red. This is true for knobs,
On/Off buttons, combo boxes, value fields and text faders.
For example, if you have selected 3 zones with cutoff frequency values of 1200, 1400,
and 2500
The corresponding field shows the value of the focused zone in red.
Ö More complex controls (for example the envelope editors) only show the values of the
focused zone.
You can adjust the value range of a parameter using the corona of the knob. The
values for the zones are distributed within the new range, keeping their relative
distances.
• Drag the corona to compress or expand the value range.
• [Ctrl]/[Command]-drag the corona to adjust the upper limit of the range.
Hz, the corona of the frequency knob shows a range from 1200 to 2500.
• [Alt]/[Option]-drag the corona to adjust the lower limit of the range.
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On/Off Buttons
These controls normally know two states, Off and On. When you move the mouse
over an On/Off button, it changes its appearance to show that you can click it.
Push Buttons
In contrast to an On/Off button, a push button only triggers an action and then goes
back to its inactive state. Such buttons can be found in several places for opening
menus or file dialogs.
Value Fields
You have the following options:
• To type in a value, click in the value field, start typing, and press [Enter].
• Click in the value field and drag up or down to change the value.
• Position the mouse over the value field and use the mouse wheel to adjust the
Using Key Commands
If the entered value exceeds the parameter range, it is automatically set to the
maximum value.
value.
• [Ctrl]/[Command]-click a value field to set it to the default value.
• [Alt]/[Option]-click a value field to bring up a fader.
• Click the up/down triangles next to the field to adjust the value.
You can adjust musical values, such as key ranges or the root key, using your MIDI
keyboard.
• To enter a value with your MIDI keyboard, double-click the value field, press a key
on your MIDI keyboard, and press [Return].
Using Key Commands
Key commands can be assigned to most operations that can be performed via the
standalone panel of HALion. The Key Commands dialog contains a list of all available
commands, arranged in a hierarchical way. When you open a category folder by
clicking the “+” sign beside it, the items and functions it contains are displayed with
the assigned key commands.
• To open the Key Commands dialog, open the Options editor, and click the
corresponding button in the Edit section.
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Setting Up Key Commands
Load PresetSave
Delete
1. In the Commands list on the left, select a category.
2. Click the “+” sign to open the category folder.
You can also click the global “+” and “-” signs in the top left corner to open and
close all category folders simultaneously.
3. Select the item to which you want to assign a key command.
Assigned key commands are shown in the Keys column and in the Keys section in
the top right corner.
4. Click in the “Type in Key” field, and enter a new key command.
You can choose any single key or a combination of one or several modifier keys
plus any key.
5. Click the Assign button above the field to assign the key command to the function.
The new key command is displayed in the Keys list.
6. Click OK to close the dialog.
Ö You can set up several key commands for the same function.
Working with Presets
Searching for Functions
• To search for a specific function, enter its name in the search field at the top of the
dialog, and click the search button.
Removing Key Command Assignments
• To remove a key command assignment, select the corresponding command in the
Commands list, select the key command in the Keys list, and click the Delete
button (trash icon).
Working with Presets
HALion offers two types of presets: Firstly, there are section and module presets that
allow you to store and recall the setup of a specific user interface component.
Secondly, there are VST presets that allow you to store and recall the settings relating
to a program. During the setup, HALion installs its factory presets in a dedicated
folder and creates a user folder for your own presets. The handling of presets is the
same throughout HALion.
Ö Factory presets are write-protected, but may be overwritten when a software update
is executed. Presets in your user folder are never changed by the software.
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Section and Module Presets
MIDI and effect modules as well as many sections in the Sound editor, such as the
LFO and the Step Modulator sections, come with their own preset controls.
Loading Presets
The available presets can be selected from the presets pop-up menu at the top right
of the section module.
Saving Presets
1. Click the Save button (disk icon) to open a file dialog.
2. Name the preset and click Save to save the parameter set as a preset.
Ö You can modify a factory preset and save it under the same name in your user folder.
Deleting Presets
You can only delete user presets.
1. Click the Delete button (trash icon).
2. Click Yes to confirm.
Working with Presets
VST Presets
Loading VST Presets
When you load a VST preset, the current program is replaced. Proceed as follows:
1. On the Program Tree toolbar, click the Load icon.
2. Select a VST preset and click OK.
Inserting VST Presets as Layers
1. Right-click the program or layer for which you want to insert the VST preset, open
the “Load/Save” submenu, and select “Load to new Layer”.
2. Select a VST preset and click OK.
The program is inserted as an additional layer.
• Alternatively, drag the VST preset from the MediaBay or file browser into the
Program Tree, and drop it on a layer.
Replacing Programs and Layers with VST Presets
1. Right-click the program or layer you want to replace.
2. Open the “Load/Save” submenu, and select “Replace Program” or “Replace
Layer”.
3. Select a VST preset and click OK.
• Alternatively, drag the VST preset from the MediaBay or file browser into the
Program Tree, and drop it on a program or layer.
Reverting to the Last Saved Program
• To revert to the last saved version of a program, open the context menu for the
program, choose the Load/Save submenu, and select “Revert to last Saved
Program”.
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Using Automation
You can automate any program that is loaded into a slot. Each slot has its own set of
automation parameters, that means, Mute, Solo, Level, and Pan. In addition, you can
automate the Quick Controls of the program. You can access the automation
parameters from the automation track of your sequencer software.
Automation Parameters
Each slot offers the following pre-assigned automation parameters:
ParameterDescription
MuteThis automates the Mute button of the corresponding slot.
SoloThis automates the Solo button of the corresponding slot.
LevelThis automates the loudness of the corresponding slot.
PanThis automates the panorama position of the corresponding
Quick Controls 1-8This automates the Quick Controls 1 to 8 of the program that
Using Automation
slot.
is loaded into the slot.
Using Effects
HALion features AUX busses that can be used to realize classical send effects. All
slot, program, and layer busses as well as zones can send signal portions to these
busses. Each bus hosts up to eight insert effects, which allows you to set up complex
effects. The busses are then routed to either the main plug-in output or to one of the
individual outputs. Furthermore, the Mixer provides access to the master output bus.
These can be used to add a global EQ or compressor to the signal chain, for example.
In the Mixer, you can set up insert effects for AUX busses.
Using the Insert Effect Slots
All busses, including the master bus, have eight slots for insert effects. The handling is
the same for all slots:
• To assign an insert effect, click the effect slot, and select an effect from the pop-up
menu.
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• To remove an insert effect, click the effect slot, and select None from the pop-up
menu.
The effect is removed, including its settings.
• To bypass an insert effect, click the bypass button in front of the effect name.
The bypass is active when the button lights up yellow.
• To edit an insert effect, click the “e” button of the corresponding slot.
You can edit only one effect at a time. The parameters of the corresponding insert
effect are displayed in the bottom section.
Changing the Output Assignments
• To change the output assignment of an AUX bus, open the Output pop-up menu,
and select a different output.
Adjusting the Output Levels
• Move the fader of the AUX bus.
• Alternatively, double-click the value in the field below the fader, and enter a new
value.
Using MIDI Modules
Muting AUX Busses
• To mute an AUX bus, click the Mute icon.
The icon turns yellow.
The Master Effect Bus
The master bus works similar to the AUX busses. The only difference you will find is
that the master bus has no bus output selector since it is “hard-wired” to the main
plug-in output (1/2).
Multi-Channel Effects
HALion comes with a large number of effects that are mainly intended for use on
stereo busses. However, most of them can also be used on surround busses. In this
case the effect is processed on all channels. When a bus changes from stereo to
surround, the effect follows. For effects with level meters, the number of meters is
adapted accordingly.
Using MIDI Modules
The MIDI modules available in HALion range from standard modules like an Arpeggiator
(the so-called FlexPhraser) to more dedicated modules that trigger specific events or
deliver special modulation signals, for example, to control articulations of sampled
instruments. In general, MIDI modules process the stream of MIDI events inside a
program. In addition, they are able to produce monophonic modulation signals, which
can be used as sources in the modulation matrix. MIDI modules can be assigned to the
whole program or just a single layer. This way, you can process the MIDI stream of the
whole program or just parts of it. To cover more complex tasks, multiple MIDI modules
can be assigned in series.
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Inserting a MIDI Module
1. In the Program Tree, select the program or layer where you want to insert the MIDI
module.
2. Right-click to open the context menu, open the New submenu, and select “MIDI
Modules”.
3. Select the MIDI module that you want to insert.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to insert multiple modules in series.
Changing the Order of MIDI Modules
The order of the MIDI modules in the Program Tree has great influence on the
processing of the MIDI events.
• To change the order, drag the MIDI modules to new positions in the Program Tree.
The routing between the MIDI modules changes accordingly.
Deleting a MIDI Module
1. In the Program Tree, select the MIDI modules that you want to delete.
Using MIDI Modules
2. Open the context menu and select Delete. Alternatively, press Delete on your
computer keyboard.
Bypassing a MIDI Module
Any MIDI module can be bypassed. This way, you can play the layer without the
FlexPhraser or the conditions that have been set with the MegaTrig module.
• To bypass a MIDI module, click the crossed out speaker icon in the upper right
corner of the caption of the MIDI module.
Assigning MIDI Modules in the Modulation Matrix
Some MIDI modules, like the FlexPhraser, directly process the MIDI events. Other
MIDI modules, like True Pedaling, produce modulation signals, which must be
assigned in the modulation matrix before they can be used.
To assign a MIDI module as source or modifier in the modulation matrix, proceed as
follows:
1. In the Program Tree, select the zones that you want to edit. Make sure that the
zones are part of a program or layer with a MIDI module that produces modulation
signals, for example, True Pedaling.
2. Open the Sound editor and show the Modulation Matrix section.
3. On the pop-up menu of the Source/Modifier column, open the Modulation Module
submenu.
The submenu lists only the MIDI modules that belong to the same layer or that are
higher up in the hierarchy.
4. On the submenu, select a MIDI module.
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The MIDI Modules Editor
Show MIDI Modules
Contained in the
Corresponding Layer
Show MIDI Modules Higher up in
the Signal Flow
Show MIDI Modules
Combined
In the MIDI Modules editor, you can edit the parameters of multiple MIDI modules.
Which modules are affected is specified with the buttons at the top of the editor.
Ö If MIDI modules are selected in the Program Tree, only these modules are affected.
Show MIDI Modules Contained in the Corresponding Layer
If you activate this button, the MIDI modules used in the current layer are displayed.
Show MIDI Modules Higher up in the Signal Flow
If you activate this button, the MIDI modules used in the current layer and those used
higher up in the signal flow are displayed.
Using MIDI Modules
Show MIDI Modules Combined
When this button is activated, MIDI modules of the same type are combined, allowing
you to modify the selected MIDI modules simultaneously. How many instances of a
certain type of module are edited, is displayed behind the module name on the title
bar. Parameter settings that differ between the MIDI modules are shown in red.
On the “Show Only Selected Module Type” pop-up menu next to the “Show MIDI
Modules Combined” button, you can specify which combined MIDI Module type is
shown in the editor.
The ABS/REL and SEL/ALL buttons are the same as in the Sound editor, see “Editing
Selected Zones or All Zones” on page 98 and “Absolute and Relative Editing” on
page 98.
Ö Parameters in list editors, such as the tuning offsets for each note of the tuning scale,
do not support combined editing.
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Importing Samples
HALion offers convenient functions to import samples and map them automatically on
import. You can specify how the samples are mapped and also extract mapping
information from sample file and folder names.
You can import samples into HALion using the Import submenu of the Program Tree
context menu. In the Import Samples dialog, you can select the samples to import and
make mapping settings for them.
Importing and Exporting Samples
The lower section of the Import Samples dialog contains the Mapping Options.
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Only values between 0 and 127 can be extracted as MIDI note numbers for any of the
parameters described in the following sections (e.
smaller value is used as the lower limit and the higher number as the upper limit (e.
“Sample_Name_76-121”).
Setting the Key Range
On the Key Range pop-up menu, the following options are available:
OptionDescription
From Sample FileThe samples are mapped to the key range that is saved in the
Text from Sample NameThe samples are mapped to the key range that is extracted
Number from Sample
Name
From Sample Name
Pattern
Root Key Only Each sample is mapped to its root key only.
Root Key Fill CenteredThe samples are mapped to their root key. The zones expand
Root Key Fill UpThe samples are mapped to their root key. The zones expand
Root Key Fill DownThe samples are mapped to their root key. The zones expand
ChromaticThe samples are mapped chromatically to the white and
White KeysThe samples are mapped to white keys in ascending order,
Black KeysThe samples are mapped to black keys in ascending order,
FixedThe samples are mapped to the key range that you specify
Importing Samples
g. “Number from Sample”). The
g.
file header of the sample. If this does not contain any key
range information, the settings for Start and End Key are
used instead.
from the name of the sample. This function searches for a key
range that is defined in text form, for example
“Sample_Name_B2-C#3”.
As above, but instead of searching for text information, this
function searches for MIDI note numbers, for example
“Sample_Name_59-61”.
The samples are mapped to the key range that is extracted
from the name of the sample according to the name pattern
you set.
to the left and right from the root key to fill empty spaces.
from the root key upwards to fill empty spaces.
from the root key downwards to fill empty spaces.
black keys in ascending order, starting at the key specified
with the Start value. The root key is set accordingly.
starting at the key you set with the Start Key parameter. The
root keys are set accordingly.
starting at the key you specify with the Start Key parameter.
The root keys are set accordingly.
with the Start and End Key parameters.
Ö The Chromatic, White Keys and Black Keys options alter the root key. All other
options map the root key according to the settings you make on the Root Key menu.
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Setting the Root Key
The Root Key menu and settings allow you to specify how the root key for the samples
is obtained. The following options are available:
OptionDescription
From Sample FileThe root key is read from the file header.
Text from Sample Name The root key is extracted from the file name. This function
Number from Sample
Name
From Sample Name
Pattern
FixedThe root key is set to a fixed key, specified in the field to the right.
Ö If no root key information is found, the fixed root key is used.
Importing Samples
searches for root key information in text form, for example
“Sample_Name_C#3”.
The root key is extracted from the file name, as above, but
instead of searching for text information, this function searches
for MIDI note numbers, for example “Sample_Name_61”.
The root key is extracted from the sample file name according to
the name pattern you set.
Specifying the Velocity Range
You can specify the velocity range for the imported samples using the Vel Range
parameters in the Import dialog. The following options are available:
OptionDescription
From Sample FileThe samples are mapped to the velocity range saved in the file
header.
From Sample NameThe samples are mapped to the velocity range that is extracted
from the file name.
From Sample Name
Pattern
From Folder NameThe samples are mapped to the velocity range that is extracted
Velocity LayersThe samples are layered, that is, distributed evenly over the velocity
Fixed Velocity Range The samples are mapped to the velocity range specified with the
Ö If no information on the velocity range is found, the samples are mapped to the Start
and End Velocity settings instead.
The samples are mapped to the velocity range that is extracted
from the file name according to the defined name pattern.
from the sample’s folder name.
range.
Start and End key values.
Obtaining Information from File and Folder Names
Depending on the mapping settings, the information for root key, key range, and
velocity range is retrieved differently for file and folder names.
Using Name Patterns
Usually, names of sample files follow a certain naming scheme, for example,
“Sample_C3_Key_59-61_Vel_80-100”. You can extract all this information from the
sample file name by selecting the “From Sample Name Pattern” option on the Key
Range, Root Key, or Vel Range pop-up menus and defining a pattern in the lower part
of the Mapping Options section.
You can use the Pattern field to manually edit your pattern and select variables from
the pop-up menu to the right. For the Name Pattern to work, your files and folders
must be named exactly as defined in the pattern, including underscores, hyphens, etc.
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The following variables are available for building name patterns:
OptionDescription
Key Low Number
$(KeyLow)
Key High Number
$(KeyHigh)
Key Low Text
$(KeyLowText)
Key High Text
$(KeyHighText)
Velocity Low
$(VelLow)
Velocity High
$(VelHigh)
Root Key Number
$(RootKey)
Root Key Text
$(RootKeyText)
The MIDI note number is extracted and is used as the lower
limit of the key range.
The MIDI note number is extracted and is used as the upper
limit of the key range.
The name of the note is extracted and is used as the lower limit
of the key range.
The name of the note is extracted and is used as the upper
limit of the key range.
The number for the velocity value is extracted and is used as
the lower limit of the velocity range.
The number for the velocity value is extracted and is used as
upper limit of the velocity range.
The MIDI note number is extracted and is used as the root key.
The name of the note is extracted and is used as the root key.
Importing Samples
Ö Samples can only be mapped correctly on import if all samples follow the same name
pattern. If no matching pattern is found, the samples use the settings for Root Key,
Start and End Key and Start and End Velocity instead.
Using the Position Setting
The Position setting determines the position in the file name at which the program
searches for the information.
• When this is set to “0”, the entire file name is searched.
• When you select a number from the pop-up menu, the program starts searching
after this number of characters.
Every character is taken into account, including spaces.
The Tune and Gain Settings
The file header of the sample can contain information on the tuning and the gain of the
sample. On import, this information is retrieved as well.
To switch off reading the Tune and Gain information during import, deactivate the
corresponding options below the Pattern field.
Listening to Samples before Import
You can listen to the samples before importing them. The corresponding controls can
be found above the Mapping Options section in the Import dialog.
The following controls are available:
OptionDescription
PlayClick the Play button to play back the focused sample.
StopClick the Stop button to stop playback of the sample. The play locator
jumps back to the sample start.
PauseClick the Pause button to stop playback of the sample, click again to
continue playback.
LoopActivate the Loop button to play back the sample repeatedly.
Auto PlayActivate Auto Play to automatically start playback of the selected sample.
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OptionDescription
LevelThis fader adjusts the playback level.
PositionThe position slider displays the playback position within the sample. To
Sample Zone Presets
When importing samples, HALion uses a “Default” zone preset. This sets all zone
parameters to default values, but excludes sample-specific parameters (Sample Start,
Sample End, Loop Start, Loop End, etc.). You can modify this preset in the Sound
editor for a zone and save it as “Default” to your user preset directory. HALion then
uses this preset instead.
Importing Folders
Usually, sample collections are organized in folder structures, where each velocity
layer or each key group is saved in a separate folder. In HALion, you can import
complete folders, including their subfolders.
Proceed as follows:
Finding Missing Samples
select another position for playback, click on the slider or drag the handle
to the new position.
1. In the Program Tree, right-click the selected program or layer.
2. On the context menu, open the Import/Export submenu, and select “Import
Folder…”.
3. In the Import Folder dialog, click the button to the right of the Folder field, navigate
to the folder that you want to import, and click OK.
4. Activate “Include Subfolders” to import samples from deeper hierarchy levels too.
5. To create layers that correspond to the hierarchy of the subfolders on disk, activate
“Create Layers from Subfolders”.
6. Set up the Mapping Options as needed.
They are identical to the options in the Import Samples dialog.
7. Click OK.
Finding Missing Samples
There might be situations where loaded programs cannot find the samples they use.
This can happen if the referenced samples are located on a different drive and the
drive name has changed, or because the program was created on a different
computer system.
When this happens, the “Find Missing Sample” dialog opens, showing a list of all
samples that are missing, with additional information about the format, size, and
creation date. The list groups all samples that are located in the same subfolder.
Entering a Search Path
Below the list you can enter the search path to find the missing samples.
Ö All the subdirectories are searched before the results are displayed, therefore the
search takes longer if you specify entire drives.
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Start the Search
• Once you have specified the search path, click the Start Search button to start the
search process.
If the search only finds a single result for each missing sample, the sample path is
automatically corrected in the program and the sample disappears from the “Missing
Files” list. If all samples are found, the dialog is closed.
Using Favorite Paths
If a path might be helpful for future searches, you can add it to the search path list. The
next time the dialog opens, it allows you to select one or multiple predefined paths to
specify which places to include in the search.
• To add a path, click the “+” sign.
Multiple Results
It can happen that samples are found in several places. If this is the case, an additional
“Found File” list appears below the “Missing File” list. This shows the available
samples and their file locations.
• To select a sample or a complete folder that is to be used to resolve the missing
samples, double-click on it in the “Found Files” list.
Each sample or folder that is resolved this way disappears from the “Missing Files”
list.
Exporting Samples
Once all samples are resolved the dialog closes.
Search Options
By default, HALion searches for samples that do not only have the same file name, but
also correspond in terms of time, size and format information. A sample is considered
“found” only if all of the information is identical. However, you can exclude this
information by activating the “Ignore File Time and Size” and “Ignore Audio Format”
options.
Exporting Samples
Samples can be exported together with the corresponding program or layer as VST
presets, or on their own. In both cases, you use the “Export Samples…” option on the
Program Tree context menu. For VST presets, the corresponding dialog has additional
preset options.
• To export a VST preset, select the program or layer in the Program Tree. On the
context menu, open the Import/Export submenu, and select “Export Samples…”.
This opens the Export Preset with Samples dialog.
• To export samples without a preset, select the samples in the Program Tree. On
the context menu, open the Import/Export submenu, and select “Export
Samples…”.
This opens the Export Samples dialog.
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Exporting Samples
Ö Samples loaded from HSB files or protected VST sound files cannot be exported.
Creating Folders using Variables
You can automatically create folders when exporting samples using variables for the
Sample Path.
Proceed as follows:
1. In the Sample Path field, set the cursor at the position where you want to insert the
variable.
2. On the pop-up menu next to the field, select a variable.
3. Where necessary, complete the file path by typing in a back-slash (Win) or a slash
(Mac).
You can combine several variables, separating them with hyphens, spaces, etc.
The resulting sample path is displayed in the Example Name field.
The following variables are available:
OptionDescription
Sample Folder
$(SampleFolder)
Layer Structure
$(Structure)
Layer Name
$(Layer)
Program Name
$(Program)
Sample Rate
$(SampleRate)
Bit Depth
$(BitDepth)
Creates a folder with the name of the folder of the original
samples.
Creates folders following the structure of the selected program
or layer.
Creates a folder with the name of the layer.
Creates a folder with the name of the program.
Creates folders that are named according to the sample rate of
the samples.
Creates folders that are named according to the bit depth of the
samples.
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OptionDescription
Date
$(Date)
Time
$(Time)
Renaming Samples
You can also rename the samples automatically on export using sample name
variables. You can combine several variables.
Proceed as follows:
1. In the Sample Name field, set the cursor at the position where you want to insert
the variable.
2. On the pop-up menu next to the field, select a variable.
3. If needed, add further variables. You can combine several variables, separating
them with hyphens, spaces, etc.
The resulting sample name is displayed in the Example Name field.
Exporting Samples
Creates a folder with the name of the current system date (in the
format yymmdd).
Creates a folder with the name of the current system time (in the
format hhmm).
The following variables are available:
OptionDescription
Sample Name
$(Sample)
Sample Folder
$(SampleFolder)
Zone Name
$(Zone)
Layer Name
$(Layer)
Program Name
$(Program)
Key Low Number
$(KeyLow)
Key High Number
$(KeyHigh)
Key Low Text
$(KeyLowText)
Key High Text
$(KeyHighText)
Velocity Low
$(VelLow)
Velocity High
$(VelHigh)
Root Key Number
$(RootKey)
Root Key Text
$(RootKeyText)
Sample Rate
$(SampleRate)
This variable uses the file name of the original sample. Use it if
you do not want to modify the sample file names.
The name of the folder of the original samples is used in the file
name.
The name of the zone is used in the file name.
The name of the layer is used in the file name.
The name of the program is used in the file name.
The MIDI note number of the lower limit of the key range is used
in the file name.
The MIDI note number of the upper limit of the key range is
used in the file name.
The name of the note of the lower limit of the key range is used
in the file name.
The name of the note of the upper limit of the key range is used
in the file name.
The number of the lower limit of the velocity range is used in the
file name.
The number of the upper limit of the velocity range is used in
the file name.
The MIDI note number of the root key is used in the file name.
The name of the root key is used in the file name.
For example, $(Sample)_$(RootKeyText) appends the name of
the root key to each sample file name.
The sample rate of the samples is used in the file name.
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Exporting Samples
!
OptionDescription
Bit Depth
$(BitDepth)
Date
$(Date)
Time
$(Time)
Example Name Field and Status Messages
The Example Name display informs you about the sample path and name resulting
from your settings.
Below, a status message informs you how many samples are saved and if duplicate
names are created. For example, if two zones in the Program Tree have the same
name, and you use the variable “$(Zone)”, this results in duplicate file names.
However, file names must be unique. Therefore, the duplicate file names are
automatically numbered.
Samples loaded from HSB files or protected VST Sound files cannot be exported.
The status message informs you if such protected files exist.
Files that are in use by HALion or another application cannot be overwritten. In this
case, choose a different location for the samples.
The bit depth of the samples is used in the file name.
The system date (in the format yymmdd) is used in the file
name.
The system time (in the format hhmm) is used in the file name.
Ö Some systems have problems with file names longer than 32 characters. Therefore, it
is best to use file names that do not exceed this number.
Setting the File Format
You can export the samples as Wave or AIFF files and specify a sample rate and bit
depth for them, if needed.
Do not change the sample rate of looped samples, because this can cause audible
artifacts.
Including Zone Settings
You can include zone settings when saving the samples. When you import these
samples back into HALion, they automatically get these settings.
The following settings can be written into the sample file:
OptionDescription
Key RangeSaves the Key Low and Key High settings of each zone with the
Velocity RangeSaves the Velocity Low and Velocity High settings of each zone
Root KeySaves the Root Key setting of each zone with the samples.
Loop SettingSaves the loop settings of each zone with the samples.
Sample TuneSaves the Tune setting of each zone with the samples.
Sample GainSaves the Gain setting of each zone with the samples.
samples.
with the samples.
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Setting Up General Export Options
In the Export Options section, you can make general settings for the export. The
following settings are available:
OptionDescription
Trim SamplesTrims the samples to their actual length, specified with the Sample
Start and Sample End parameters of the zone.
Use Exported
Samples
Avoid Duplicate
Audio Files
Ö If a sample has several zones and these zones have different loop settings, HALion
creates duplicates of the file.
Updates the sample references of the zones to use the exported
samples.
Prevents samples that are used by several zones from being
exported as duplicate audio files.
Replacing Samples
The Replace Samples function allows you to exchange the sample that is used to play
back one or multiple zones. The zone-specific settings like Pitch, Filter, or Amplifier
are not modified by this.
Replacing Samples
Replacing a Single Sample
1. In the Program Tree or Mapping editor, select the zone for which you want to
replace the sample.
2. On the context menu for the zone, open the submenu “Import/Export”, and select
“Replace Sample”.
A file dialog opens.
3. Locate and select the new sample and click OK.
Replacing Multiple Samples
1. In the Program Tree or Mapping editor, select the zones for which you want to
replace the samples.
2. On the context menu for one of the zones, open the Import/Export submenu, and
select “Replace Samples”.
3. At the bottom of the file dialog, select the method for replacing samples that you
want to use.
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Replacing Samples
The following methods are available:
OptionDescription
Replace Identical NamesThe samples are only replaced by new samples if their names
are identical.
Typically, this is the case if you processed the samples and
saved them under the same name in a different location on
your hard disk.
Replace by Root KeyThe samples are replaced by new samples that have a
matching root key, regardless of the file name.
Replace by Search Pattern This method can be used if only parts of the sample name
have changed, for example, due to processing or saving.
Enter the part of the name that has changed in the text field.
Samples are replaced if the remaining parts of the sample
name are identical.
For example, if the name “Sample_Mix_1_C3.wav” has
changed to “Sample_Mix_2_C3.aiff”, enter “*Mix_2*.aiff” in
the text field.
4. Locate the new samples.
The info text in the lower right section shows you how many samples are replaced
in how many zones. If no samples are found, you have to select another method for
finding matching samples.
5. Click OK.
Auditioning Samples before Replacing Them
To listen to the samples before replacing the old ones, activate the Prelisten Sample
option and use your MIDI keyboard.
Detecting the Root Key
To listen to the samples with the correct pitch, you have to select how to detect the
root key of the new sample. The following options are available:
OptionDescription
Root Key from
Sample File
Root Key Text from
Sample Name
Root Key Number
from Sample Name
Keep Zone Root
Key
The root key is read from the file header of the sample file.
The root key is extracted from the sample file name. This function
searches for the root key in text form, for example
“Sample_Name_C#3”.
The root key is extracted from the sample file name. This function
searches for the root key as a MIDI note number, for example
“Sample_Name_61”.
Instead of using the root key of the new sample, the root key of the
zone is used.
This option is only available when replacing a single sample.
The “Change Sample Folder” Option
The “Change Sample Folder” option on the Import/Export submenu of the Program
Tree context menu allows you to relocate samples. This is useful if you processed the
samples and saved them in a new location without changing their names.
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Importing Third-Party Sampler Programs
HALion allows you to import a wide range of sampler formats from third-party
manufacturers. When importing those formats, HALion translates as many parameters
as possible. This is described in detail in the chapter
Importing Sliced Loops
HALion features a Slice Player that can play back sliced audio loops. You can import
sliced loops in the common REX1 and 2 formats or drag and drop sliced events
directly from Cubase.
Importing REX Loops
The import process for REX files includes several steps. First, the slice information is
used to create a sample zone per slice. These sample zones are then mapped to the
keyboard. The range starts with C3 and uses as many zones as slices are defined in
the loop. The slice information is also used to create a MIDI phrase that is loaded into
a Slice Player module.
To import REX files, you have the following options:
• Drag a REX file from the Windows Explorer or Mac OS Finder to the Program Tree
and drop it on a program or layer.
Importing Third-Party Sampler Programs
“Using the Browser” on page 80.
• Open the context menu for a program or layer, open the Import/Export submenu,
select “Import Samples…”, and select the file via a file dialog.
Ö When working with REX1 files, HALion can directly play audio from these files. For
REX2 files HALion first extracts a WAV file and saves it in the same folder as the REX
file.
Importing Sliced Audio Events from Cubase
You can directly import sliced audio events from Cubase by drag and drop. When
dropping a sliced audio event in the Program Tree, HALion recognizes that the event
contains positional information for the different slices. In the Import Samples dialog,
the button “Create Sliced Loop” becomes available. If you click this button, HALion
creates a sample zone for each slice and adds a Slice Player containing the required
MIDI information. Any further mapping options are ignored.
Ö You can also drag selected audio events (from multiple tracks) from a Cubase project
into the Program Tree to create a sliced loop.
Playing back Sliced Loops
After the import, you can play back the loop in its original form or in a transposed
version. By default, the original loop is played using C2 (#48), but you can specify
another key using the Key Follow and Center Key parameters. Pressing a key below
C3 plays transposed versions of the original loop. The keyboard range above C3
provides the slice sample zones, which are triggered by the slice player, but can also
be triggered manually while the loop is playing.
Make sure that the very last event ends with the loop end and not before. Otherwise
the generated loop will be too short and will not run in a perfect cycle.
If the REX file or Cubase audio event contains more than 128 slices, HALion
automatically creates additional layers including MegaTrig modules preconfigured to
use key switches. That way, you can create up to 1024 zones distributed over up to
32 layers.
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The Slice Player Controls
Most of the Slice Player controls are the same as for the FlexPhraser MIDI module.
These are described in detail in the section
controls that differ for the Slice Player are described in the following sections.
Slice Player Presets
At the top right of the Program Tree, you can load and save presets for the Slice
Player. These presets are saved in a global folder and can be accessed from any
project you are working in.
Restart Mode
Depending on the selected Restart mode and your playing, you can restart playback
from the beginning of the loop.
You can select one of the following options:
OptionDescription
OffThe loop runs continuously and does not restart upon note changes.
First NoteThe loop restarts when a note is triggered and no other notes are
Each NoteThe loop restarts each time a note is triggered.
Sync to HostSelect this to align the loop with the beats and measures of your
Importing Sliced Loops
“The FlexPhraser” on page 192. The
already held.
host application. The loop aligns to the beats and measures each
time you start the transport.
Start
This parameter allows you to shift the start of the loop in steps of 1/4 notes. The
length of the loop is shortened accordingly.
Length
This parameter allows you to shorten the length of the loop in steps of 1/4 notes.
Ö The control range of the parameters Start and Length varies with the original length of
the loop.
Quantize
This parameter allows you to set up a quantization grid, in fractions of beats. You can
also specify dotted and triplet values. This way, you can force the timing of the slices
to play back only at the selected note value.
Amount
This parameter defines how much of the quantization grid is applied. A value of 100 %
means the slices play back only at the Quantize note value you specified. Smaller
values move the notes only partially towards the next Quantize note value. With a
value of 0
Key Follow
Here you can adjust the pitch modulation by note number. Set this parameter to
positive values to raise the pitch with notes above the center key. Use negative values
to lower the pitch with notes above the center key. At +100
played note exactly.
% no quantization is applied at all.
%, the pitch follows the
Ö The Key Follow parameter is limited to the keys that trigger the entire loop. It does not
affect the keys that play the single slices.
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Center Key
This parameter determines the MIDI note that is used as the central position for the
Key Follow function.
Random
You can shuffle the playing order of the slices randomly, by activating the Random
button. To play the slices with their original order, deactivate the Random button.
The overall timing does not vary through this. Only the playing order of the slices is
affected.
• Use the Depth parameter to adjust how much the playing order of the slices is
shuffled. Lower this value to keep the playing order of slices on the main beats.
Raise this value to vary the playing order of slices on the offbeats as well.
• Click the Trigger button to trigger a new shuffle. Note that this changes the pattern
number.
• Use the Pattern option to recall a certain random pattern, by entering its pattern
number in the value field.
Exporting the Loop Sequence
Importing Sliced Loops
You can export the loop sequence as a MIDI part for your host sequencer.
Proceed as follows:
1. Click the MIDI connector icon (to the right of the Random options) and drag it into
the Project window of your host sequencer application.
This creates a MIDI part at the drop position, on an existing or a new MIDI track.
2. Assign the MIDI track to the corresponding slot in HALion.
Using Variations
By activating Random and by adjusting the Tempo, Tempo Scale, Swing, Gate Scale,
Quantize, Amount, Start, and Length parameters, you can save your settings as up to
eight variations. For further information, see
page 196.
The Loop, Sync, Hold, Trigger Mode, Restart Mode, Key Follow, and Center Key
parameters are not part of the variations.
“Working with FlexPhraser Variations” on
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Introduction
Path section
Location tree
Preview and
File Info section
Results
list
Previous/Next
Browse Location
Browse Containing Folder
Location History pop-up menu
In the Browser, you can search and load samples and zones, either from the file
system or from loaded programs. This also includes program formats from other
software and hardware samplers. In addition, you can load programs, layers, and
sublayers.
Using the Browser
The Path Section
This section offers the following controls:
• The “Previous/Next Location” buttons step through the recent locations.
• The “Browse Containing Folder” button navigates to the folder one level up in the
location tree.
• The path field shows the current location. You can specify a new location by
entering or copying a new path.
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The Location Tree
Select Favorite
Location
Add Selected Media Node as Favorite Location
Remove Favorite Location
The Location Tree
This section allows you to navigate through the programs, layers, or zones in any
folder. You can even access files contained in VST Sound containers, HSB files, and
ISO files. When you select an entry in the tree, the results list on the right shows the
corresponding content.
• Use the “Refresh Views” command on the context menu to update the tree.
• Use the “Rescan Disk” command on the context menu to rescan the selected
About Locations
In the Browser, you can set up so-called locations, that is, folders or directories on
your system that contain media files. By setting up locations, you can organize the files
available in the results list according to context.
The text field above the tree shows the name of the selected folder. If the name is
preceded by an asterisk, the folder has not been saved as a location yet.
This is useful if you added a new disk to your setup or created a new folder on the
hard disk.
element in the tree.
The corresponding files are opened, the information is extracted and the database
file is updated accordingly.
• Click in the text field to open the list of favorite locations.
• The “Add Selected Media Node as Favorite Location” button adds the current
folder to the favorite locations.
You can keep the folder name or specify a new name for the location.
• The “Remove Favorite Location” button deletes the current location from the list.
Using the Browser
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The Results List
Browse Containing Folder Search TextClear Filter Text
The Results List
The results list shows the files found in the selected folder. It displays all files that
HALion can read, such as VST presets, samples, or third-party sampler programs.
Next to information like file name and path, the columns in the results list can be
configured to show several attributes, see
The results list also shows any subfolders of the selected folder, but does not include
the files contained in the subfolders themselves. To see the content inside subfolders,
you have to select the corresponding subfolder.
Navigating in the Results List
• To open a folder or location, double-click it in the results list.
If you double-click on a preset, its contents are shown.
• To move up one level in the folder hierarchy, click the “Browse Containing Folder”
button.
Searching the List
You can enter a search text to limit the results to files with matching names. For
presets, the search also takes into account attributes. The value field in the top right
corner indicates the number of files that match the search text.
• To clear the search text, click the “Clear Filter Text” button.
“Configuring the Results List” on page 83.
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Searching for Files on Your System
Search Location
Content
Search Text
Search/
Stop Search
Search for
File Type
Instead of searching the current results list, you can also use the text search to look for
files on your hard disks or in VST Sound archives.
Proceed as follows:
1. Select the location that you want to use as the starting point for the search.
2. In the top left corner of the results list, click the “Search Location Content” button
(the magnifying glass icon) and enter the search text in the text field.
3. To start the search, press [Return] or click the “Search/Stop Search” button to the
right of the search text.
The files that match the search criteria are listed in the results list. Note that only
the first 10000 search results are displayed.
The Results List
4. Double-click a result to show it in the location tree.
Ö The higher up in the hierarchy the location, the longer the search will take. Therefore,
it is not recommended to search entire hard drives.
Searching for Specific File Types
• Click the button to the right of the search field to specify whether you want to
search for samples, layers, programs, multis, or all types.
Ö You can also use this function to search for the corresponding file types from third-
party samplers.
Ö When you close HALion, the search results are not saved.
Configuring the Results List
• To configure which attributes are shown in the results list, click the “Set up Result
Columns” button in the upper right corner of the results list and activate the
corresponding entries.
• To sort a column in ascending or descending order, click the column header.
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The Preview and File Info Section
You can listen to the samples using the controls in the Preview section. These are the
same as in the Import dialog, see
The info display provides the following information about the focused sample: length,
channels, bit depth, and sample rate. If available, root key, key, and velocity range are
also shown.
Specifying a Destination Folder
When programs are imported, HALion creates a folder for each program. The name of
the folder corresponds to the name of the imported program. Inside this folder, HALion
creates a subfolder in which the corresponding samples are saved, if necessary.
The folder specified in the “Destination Folder” field is used to save samples from
bank or container files, such as GigaSampler files (“.gig”). You can enter the path
manually or click the button to the right to navigate to a specific directory.
Ö If you do not specify a destination folder for sampler formats that use container files,
you are asked to do so during the first import operation. This folder is then used for all
following operations.
The Preview and File Info Section
“Listening to Samples before Import” on page 69.
Adding Presets to the MediaBay Automatically on Import
The “Automatically Add Preset to MediaBay on Import” option allows you to
automatically create VST presets for each imported program in the user presets folder
of HALion, thereby making them available in the MediaBay. When this option is
deactivated, an imported program is only available in the current HALion instance. To
use it in another project, you have to save it first.
Missing Samples
If you browse the samples of a program and you cannot load or prelisten them, they
may have been moved or deleted. In this case, the sample info displays “Sample not
found”. To remedy this, load the program again and make sure that no samples are
missing, see
program with the restored sample paths.
“Finding Missing Samples” on page 70. Afterwards, be sure to save the
Loading Files
You can load selected programs, layers, zones, or samples by dragging them from the
results list to the Slot Rack, the Program Table, or the Program Tree. Programs, layers,
and zones can also be dragged directly from the tree. In all cases, the Import Folder
dialog opens, where you can specify how to import the contained subfolders and
samples, see
Ö You can also use the key commands [Return] and [L] to load the file that is focused in
the results list into the active slot in the Slot Rack.
Some file types, such as protected Kontakt programs, cannot be loaded. In this case,
an icon is displayed to indicate that the file format is not supported.
“Importing Folders” on page 70.
Unsupported
content
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Protected programs and layers are shown with a lock icon to indicate that you cannot
extract single zones or samples. However, you can load the programs as a whole.
Protected
content
Ö These icons only appear after selecting the programs.
Loading files from HALion 3
HALion 4 allows you to load the FXB and FXP files from HALion 3. These files can
either be located in a directory on the file system or inside an HSB container file. HSB
container files have to be registered in the MediaBay before they can be used, see
below. When loading FXB files, the multi-program is replaced. When FXB or FXP files
are referring to HSB container files, the sample paths always work. For samples
located on the file system, for instance, when banks or programs have been copied
from another computer system, you might have to reestablish the sample paths, see
“Finding Missing Samples” on page 70.
Registering HSB Container Files
• To register an HSB file, right-click it in the location tree and select “Register HSB”.
You can also register HSB files from the MediaBay, see “Registering HSB Files” on
page 28.
Loading Files
Importing FXP/FXB Files
To import FXP and FXB files, right-click the file in the location tree and select “Import
HALion FXP/FXB-File”.
Single FXP files from inside an HSB file cannot be imported. For these, use the
“Register HSB” function instead.
Loading Third-Party Sampler Programs
You can also load third-party sampler programs. The supported programs appear as
nodes in the location tree. You can load entire programs, or selected layers or
samples.
The following formats can be imported:
-Emagic EXS24
- NI Kontakt 1.x to 4.1 (except for encrypted files, scripted content, and containers)
- Giga 1, 2, limited Giga 3 support (except for encrypted content, time stretching
and pitch shifting)
* ISO images on HDD only.
Multis and banks in third-party sampler formats can be dropped either on the Multi-
Program slot, the Slot Rack, or the Program Table. The following applies:
- When you drop the multi or bank on the Multi-Program slot, the current multi is
replaced.
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Loading Files
- When you drop the multi or bank on the Slot Rack, new slots are created and the
corresponding programs are added to the Program Table. If a multi or bank
contains more programs than slots are available, the remaining programs are
added to the Program Table only. The current multi is not replaced.
- When you drop the multi or bank on the Program Table, the additional programs
are added to the Program Table. The current multi is not replaced.
Ö If the ISO image or bank has partitions or folders, you can drag only that partition or
folder to the Slot Rack or Program Table. Any contained programs are then loaded. This
is different to dragging a folder from the file system to HALion. In that case, the Import
Samples dialog opens and only the contained samples are imported and mapped.
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Editing Programs and Layers in the
Introduction
The Sound editor for programs and layers lets you access parameters that are set
globally for the whole program or individual layers. For example, you can transpose the
pitch, adjust level and pan, and limit the playback to a certain area on the keyboard.
Programs and layers share the same set of parameters because they are nearly
identical.
The Main Section
The Main section contains basic settings for programs and layers.
Sound
Editor
Octave
Transposes the pitch in octave steps.
Coarse
Transposes the pitch in semitone steps.
Fine
Detunes the pitch in cents (1/100 of a semitone).
Level Velocity Curve
Defines how incoming MIDI velocity values are re-mapped before they are sent to the
program or layer. By default, the curve is set to linear, meaning that incoming and
outgoing values are identical. The characteristic of each curve is displayed by a small
icon.
Low Key
Defines the lowest key on which the program or layer is triggered.
High Key
Defines the highest key on which the program or layer is triggered.
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Low Vel
Defines the lowest velocity on which the program or layer is triggered.
High Vel
Defines the highest velocity on which the program or layer is triggered.
Sus, FCtrl, FSw, PB, MW, and AT
The Filter options allow you to filter incoming MIDI controllers.
Level
Adjusts the level of the layer. This parameter works as an offset to the zone settings.
Pan
Defines the position of the layer in the stereo panorama. This parameter works as an
offset to the zone settings.
The Trigger Section
The Trigger Section
The Trigger section allows you to control the triggering and releasing behavior.
Ind MegaTrig
If you want the key switch assignments across different layers to work individually,
activate the individual MegaTrig management of these layers. This can be necessary
when two layers with different key switches are used together in one program. For
more information about the MegaTrig module, see
Transpose
Transposes the key switches that you set up for the MegaTrig module.
Start Key
Defines the key that is used as the lowest key switch.
Key Switch Mode
Defines how long a key switch is active:
• If set to Permanent, the key switch stays active until another key switch is used.
• If set to Temporary, the key switch is only active for as long as the corresponding
key is pressed.
“MegaTrig” on page 203.
Default Switch
Specifies the default key switch that is active when you load a program, that means,
before you used the first key switch. The default key switch is also used in Temporary
mode when no key switch is pressed.
Ö If you set Default Switch to a note value that is not assigned as a key switch, the
lowest key switch is automatically used as the default key switch.
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Filter Ctrls in Release
Filters out MIDI controllers in the release phase. Modulation destinations that are
using controllers keep their value after the note-off message. The following settings
are available:
OptionDescription
OffMIDI controllers are processed in the release phase.
OnMIDI controllers are filtered out.
InheritThe zones of this layer follow the behavior that was specified for the
Repedaling
On an acoustic piano, you can repedal the sustain after releasing the sustain pedal for
as long as the strings vibrate. The effect is that the strings play on. You can achieve a
similar effect with the Repedaling option. If you release and press the pedal within the
release of the amplitude envelope, the envelope jumps to the decay segment,
resuming at the current level of the release.
The Trigger Section
parent layer.
Sustain
Enables sustain for the program or layer. When you use the sustain pedal, notes keep
playing until you release the pedal.
Sostenuto
Enables sostenuto for the program or layer. Notes that are held while pressing the
sostenuto pedal sustain. Successive notes do not sustain.
Ind Velocity Mode
Sample-based instruments often use crossfade techniques to optimize the switching
between samples with different velocities. Crossfades are set up in the Mapping
editor, see
Activate this option to apply the Velocity Mode settings to the selected layer and its
children.
Velocity Mode
The switching or crossfading between zones can be controlled via velocity or MIDI
controller. The following modes are available:
OptionDescription
Note-onThe velocity is used to trigger the zones.
ControllerA MIDI controller is used to replace the velocity, that means, the
ContinuousA MIDI controller is used to replace the velocity. Depending on
“Fading and Crossfading Zones” on page 139.
controller value is used to select the zones. The note-on message
triggers the zones selected by the controller. Only the zones that
belong to the corresponding velocity are played back.
the “Velocity Fade” setting, the controller continuously fades
between the zones or switches zones directly. Therefore, all
zones belonging to a key are played back.
Controller
Here, you select the controller that is used when the velocity Mode option is set to
Controller or Continuous.
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• For the most realistic playback of instruments that use crossfade techniques,
activate “Velocity Fade” and set “Velocity Mode” to Continuous.
• To save voices during playback of instruments that use crossfade techniques,
deactivate “Velocity Fade” and set “Velocity Mode” to Note-on.
• Generally, setting “Velocity Mode” to Controller and activating “Velocity Fade” is a
good compromise between performance optimization and realistic playback.
Velocity Fade
Activate this option to use the velocity crossfades that are specified in the Mapping
editor. When this option is deactivated or if no crossfades have been set up, zones
switch directly between the different velocities.
The Voice Management Section
The Voice Management section allows you to control the maximum number of notes
that you can play and to set conditions for note stealing and triggering.
The Voice Management Section
Voice Manager
The Voice Manager option controls which Voice Management settings are applied to
the selected layer. The following settings are available:
OptionDescription
OffThe layer automatically uses the Voice Management settings of the
OnYou can make separate Voice Management settings for the selected
ProgramThe settings of the program are used, regardless of any Voice
layer that is one step up in the hierarchy. If there is no layer with active
Voice Management settings, the settings of the program are used.
layer.
Management settings made for layers higher up in the hierarchy.
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Voice Mode
The Voice Management Section
The Voice Mode parameter determines which notes are stolen during playback and
whether new notes are triggered when the Polyphony setting is exceeded. The
following settings are available:
OptionDescription
Low Note PriorityLow notes have playback priority over higher notes.
- If you exceed the maximum number of notes by playing a
lower note than the ones that are held, the highest note is
stolen and the new note is triggered.
- If you exceed the maximum number of notes by playing a
higher note than the ones that are held, no note is stolen and
no new note is triggered.
High Note PriorityHigh notes have playback priority over lower notes.
- If you exceed the maximum number of notes by playing a
higher note than the ones that are held, the lowest note is
stolen and the new note is triggered.
- If you exceed the maximum number of notes by playing a
lower note than the ones that are held, no note is stolen and
no new note is triggered.
First Note PriorityOlder notes have playback priority over newer notes.
- If you exceed the maximum number of notes while older
notes are still being held, no notes are stolen. New notes are
only triggered if a free voice is available.
Last Note PriorityNew notes have playback priority over the first played notes.
- If you exceed the maximum number of notes, the first played
notes are stolen in chronological order (First in/First Out) and
the new notes are triggered.
Steal Lowest AmplitudeNew notes have playback priority over notes with a low
amplitude.
- If you exceed the maximum number of notes, the note with
the lowest amplitude is stolen and the newest note is
triggered.
Steal Released NotesNew notes have priority over notes that enter the release
phase.
- If you exceed the maximum number of notes, the oldest note
that is in its release phase is stolen and the new note is
triggered.
- If no note is playing in release and you exceed the maximum
number of notes, the first played notes are stolen in
chronological order and the new notes are triggered.
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Trigger Mode
The Trigger Mode parameter defines the trigger behavior for new notes.
The following settings are available:
OptionDescription
NormalTriggers a new note when the previous note gets stolen. The sample
ResumeDoes not always trigger a completely new note:
LegatoDoes not always trigger a completely new note:
The Voice Management Section
and the envelope of the new note are triggered from the start.
To minimize discontinuities, use the Fade Out parameter of the zone
(see
“Voice Fade Out” on page 48).
- If the new note stays within the same zone, the envelope is
retriggered, but resumes at the level of the stolen note. The pitch of
the zone is set to the new note.
- If the new note plays in a different zone, the sample and the
envelope of the new note are triggered from the start.
- If the new note stays within the same zone, the envelopes keep
running. The pitch of the zone is set to the new note.
- If the new note plays in a different zone, the sample and the
envelope of the new note are triggered from the start.
Ö When Resume or Legato is selected, you might hear an unnatural attack, depending
on the sample. To avoid this, activate the “Use Start Range” option for the sample
zone (see “Use Start Range” on page 102).
Voice Groups
By assigning zones to a voice group, you can set their polyphony individually. In
addition, you can manage the polyphony across zones that are not part of the same
layer. Furthermore, zones can steal notes from each other, regardless of whether they
are in the same layer.
The voice group parameters are shown below the Voice Management settings.
The maximum number of notes that you can play in a voice group is limited by the
Polyphony setting of the corresponding program or layer.
Assigning Zones to Voice Groups
Proceed as follows:
1. In the Program Tree, select the zones that you want to add to a voice group.
2. Open the Sound editor for the zones.
3. In the Voice Control section, select the Trigger tab.
4. On the Voice Group pop-up menu, select a voice group.
Usually, the voice group numbers relate to the voice groups of the program. If the zone
is part of a layer with active voice groups, the numbers relate to the voice groups of
the layer instead.
Editing Voice Groups
The Voice Management parameters of voice groups are edited using the columns in
the table below the Voice Management section.
Exclusive Groups
When voice groups belong to the same exclusive group, they cannot be played back
simultaneously. The last triggered voice group has priority over the previously playing
voice groups. Any previously playing voice groups of the same exclusive group are cut
off.
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A typical example for assigning voice groups to an exclusive group is a drum set
where the closed hi-hat cuts off the open hi-hat.
The Poly Tab
The Poly tab contains the polyphony settings for programs and layers.
Mono
The Mono parameter activates monophonic playback. For solo instruments, this
usually results in a more naturally sounding performance.
Mono can also be used for programs that use dedicated note-off layers. When the
played note is released, the note-off layer is triggered.
Retrigger
The Retrigger option is only available in Mono mode. When Retrigger is activated, a
note that was stolen by another note is retriggered if you still hold the stolen note
when releasing the new one. This way, you can play trills by holding one note and
quickly and repeatedly pressing and releasing another note, for example.
The Voice Management Section
• To assign a voice group to an exclusive group, click the “Excl” field of the voice
group, and select a number from the pop-up menu.
Polyphony
When you play a note, one or multiple zones can be triggered. Each triggered zone
equals a voice. The number of voices you trigger with each note is displayed in the
Voices field of the program. Use this parameter to set an upper limit for the number of
notes that can be played simultaneously in polyphonic mode.
If a program has a lower Polyphony value than its layers, the maximum number of
notes you can play is limited by the Polyphony value of the program.
Key Poly
With Key Poly (Key Polyphony), you can specify an upper limit for the number of notes
that can be played for a key. The last played notes have priority. For this parameter to
have an effect, the polyphonic mode needs to be activated.
Key Polyphony is limited by the Polyphony setting. If the Polyphony setting is lower,
this value is used instead.
Low Amp
By default, the “oldest” note is removed first when notes are stolen due to a Key Poly
limitation. Activate Low Amp if you want the note with the lowest amplitude to be
removed instead.
Min Low Notes
Defines the number of low notes that cannot be stolen, regardless of the Voice Mode
setting.
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The Sus/Rel Tab
The Sus/Rel tab contains the sustain and release settings for programs and layers.
Ind Sustain
Activate “Ind Sustain” to use individual sustain settings for the selected programs or
layers.
Sustain Mode
While holding the sustain pedal, HALion plays back notes that you play repeatedly up
to the Key Polyphony value. When you lift the sustain pedal, the notes of the keys that
are no longer held enter the release phase. Depending on the selected Sustain Mode,
the notes of the keys that are still held either keep playing, or also enter the release
phase.
The Variation Groups Section
The following settings are available:
OptionDescription
Hold LoudestThe loudest note keeps playing.
Hold LastThe last note you played keeps playing.
Hold FirstThe first note you played keeps playing.
Hold AllAll notes keep playing.
Release AllAll notes enter the release phase.
Play Release
By default, the release phase of stolen notes is not played back and the notes fade out
in the time specified by the Fade Out parameter of the zone. Activate this option to
fade out the notes with their normal release phase instead.
The Variation Groups Section
To avoid the so-called machine gun effect that occurs when the same sample is
triggered repeatedly, you can create programs that use several samples for the same
key and velocity range. These samples can then be triggered alternately as variations.
To define which samples are triggered as variations, you can assign them to one the
variation groups. In the Variation Group section you can also specify the alternation
mode for each variation group.
• To use the Variation Group feature, activate the Enable button and select one of
the available modes for each group.
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The following settings are available:
OptionDescription
OffAll variations are triggered simultaneously.
Round RobinAll variations are triggered alternately in a fixed order.
RandomAll variations are triggered randomly. Individual variations can
be triggered repeatedly.
Random ExclusiveAll variations are triggered randomly. No variation is directly
repeated.
If no variation groups are activated, all zones play simultaneously. To avoid this,
activate the variation groups for the program or layer containing the zones and assign
the zones to the different variation groups.
Assigning Zones to Variation Groups
Proceed as follows:
1. In the Program Tree, select the zones that you want to add to the variation group.
2. Open the Sound editor for the zones.
3. In the Voice Control section, select the Trigger tab.
The Quick Control Assignments Section
4. On the Variation Group pop-up menu, select a variation group.
Usually, the variation group numbers relate to the variation groups of the program. If
the zone is part of a layer with active variation groups, the numbers relate to the
variation groups of the layer instead.
The Quick Control Assignments Section
The Quick Controls Assignments section allows you to manage and edit the assigned
quick controls. It is described in detail in the section
page 54.
The Note Expression Section
Cubase’s Note Expression technology is essential for creating realistic instrument
performances. Note Expression allows you to create automated modulations for each
note. In general, HALion supports Note Expression for volume, pan, and tuning. With
any of HALion’s programs you can automate these parameters in Cubase for each
note. But HALion can do more: In programs that give you access to the modulation
matrix, you can assign up to eight so-called Note Expression controllers to any
available modulation destination. These work in addition to the preassigned pitch, pan,
and level modulations. When the Note Expression controller is assigned, you can
specify a name for it to make it available in Cubase.
The eight Note Expression controllers of a program are shared by all zones. This
means that the Note Expression controller data affects all zones simultaneously.
Depending on how the Note Expression controllers are set up in the modulation
matrix, each zone might react differently.
“Managing Quick Controls” on
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Ö When you use HALion with older versions of Cubase or other host applications that
do not support Note Expression, you still have access to the Note Expression section
and you can see Note Expression controllers in the modulation matrix. However, they
will not have any influence on the program.
The Note Expression section shows the eight Note Expression controllers on the left
(NE1 to NE8) and the assigned modulation destinations on the right. This gives you a
quick overview of how Note Expression controllers are routed in the modulation matrix
and what their influence on the sound will be. One Note Expression controller can be
assigned to several destinations.
Naming Note Expression Controllers
By default, a Note Expression controller is given the name of the modulation
destinations it is assigned to. However, you can also rename them. After this, any
further assignments will not change the name.
The Note Expression Section
• To rename a Note Expression controller, click in the Name field of the selected
controller and enter the new name.
Bypassing the Note Expression Controller
Each Note Expression controller has a Bypass button that allows you to deactivate the
effect of the controller.
Ö The Bypass button is linked to the Bypass button of the corresponding modulation
destination in the modulation matrix.
Changing the Modulation Depth
The Depth slider adjusts the intensity of the Note Expression modulation. This allows
you to change the modulation without having to go to the modulation matrix first.
Ö The slider is linked to the Depth slider of the corresponding modulation destination in
the modulation matrix.
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Editing Zones in the Sound Editor
Introduction
The Sound editor for synth and sample zones contains the zone parameters in
HALion. It allows you to modify the settings for a single zone, for multiple selected
zones, or for all zones at the same time.
If not expressly stated, the functions described in this chapter apply to both synth and
sample zones.
All functions and parameters described here also apply to the Zone Editor.
Global Zone Settings
The global section at the top of the Sound editor allows you to set up basic zone
parameters.
Focused Zone
On the Focused Zone pop-up menu, you can select a zone for editing when several
zones are selected in the Program Tree.
Low Key/High Key
These parameters determine the lowest key and the highest key on which the zone is
triggered.
Low Vel/High Vel
These parameters determine the lowest velocity and the highest velocity on which the
zone is triggered.
Root Key
The root key determines the pitch of the zone. Samples can contain root key
information embedded in the file, which means that when loaded, they are
automatically mapped to the corresponding keys.
Zone Type
HALion allows you to change a sample zone into a synth zone and vice versa. If you
switch a sample zone to a synth zone, the sample oscillator is replaced by the synth
oscillators. You can select the zone type from this pop-up menu.
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Editing Selected Zones or All Zones
When working in the Sound editor, you can apply your editing either to the selected
zones (SEL) or to all zones (ALL), depending on the setting of the corresponding
button on the toolbar.
All zones are
affected by
the editing.
Absolute and Relative Editing
When editing multiple zones, you can either change values absolutely for all the zones
(ABS) or make relative changes (REL), depending on the setting of the corresponding
button on the toolbar.
Editing Selected Zones or All Zones
• When you use absolute editing and you change a parameter from 50 % to 60 % for
one zone, all other zones will also be set to 60
• When you use relative editing and you change a parameter from 50 % to 60 % in
one zone, another selected zone that was set to 70
Ö Relative changes can be made for all parameters that can be adjusted continuously.
Changes of parameters that select one of multiple modes or switch between two
states are always absolute.
HALion 3 compatibility
The button to the left of the REL/ABS button lights up when you load an FXP file from
HALion 3 to indicate that HALion 4 is in compatibility mode. This way, FXP files sound
like they did in HALion 3. If you deactivate the compatibility button, some modulations
will sound different.
Managing Sections
The Sections toolbar allows you to customize the section display and to facilitate
navigating between sections. It contains one button for each section.
The buttons have the following three states: activated, deactivated, and locked.
%.
% is set to 80 %.
The first button is activated, the second button deactivated, and the third button is locked.
When you activate a button, the corresponding section is shown. As soon as you click
another button, the section is automatically hidden and the new section is shown.
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Examples
The Voice Control Section
When you lock a button, it cannot be deactivated and the corresponding section is
always visible in the editor. Clicking another button shows the new section, scrolling
the view, if necessary.
Click the button to the left of the Sections toolbar to toggle between showing and
locking all sections, and showing only the first section.
• When only one button is active, but not locked, you can click another button to
switch exclusively between the sections.
• Having one section locked while showing others dynamically can speed up your
work considerably.
For example, you can lock the Filter section, and then switch between the different
modifying sections, such as Envelope, LFO, Step Modulator, and Modulation
Matrix.
• You can also use these buttons to set up views for different contexts, showing
exactly those sections you need for a given workflow, and save them in a screen
set. For more information, see
“Configuring the Control Panel” on page 11.
The Voice Control Section
The Voice Control section of the Sound editor has two tabs: Trigger and
Unison/Glide.
The Trigger Tab
On the Trigger tab, you can specify the triggering of a zone.
Voice Group
You can set the polyphony of a zone individually, by assigning it to one of 128 voice
groups. The settings of voice groups can be edited in the Voice Management section
of the program or layer. For more information on voice groups, see
page 92.
Variation Group
To avoid the so-called machine gun effect that occurs when the same sample is
triggered repeatedly, you can create programs that use several samples for the same
key and velocity range. These samples can then be triggered alternately as variations.
To define which samples are triggered as variations, you can assign them to one of 16
variation groups. Use the Variation Group pop-up menu to specify the alternation
mode for the different variation groups.
“Voice Groups” on
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The Voice Control Section
Priority
Each zone you trigger corresponds to a voice. When the number of played voices
(zones) exceeds the “Maximum Voices” setting of the plug-in instance, zones are cut
off and replaced by other voices. This is called “voice stealing”. Use this parameter to
specify a priority for this behavior. Zones with higher priority can steal zones with
lower priority, but not vice versa. If there are no zones with lower priority, zones of the
same priority are stolen. Zones with the priority Hold steal only from lower priorities,
but not from themselves.
Ö To specify how fast the zones are stolen, use the “Voice Fade Out” parameter in the
Options editor.
Fade Out
Whenever a voice is stolen because a polyphony limit is reached, it is faded out. You
can specify this fade out time for each zone, which allows you to adapt it to different
signal types. For example, you might want to cut a stolen crash cymbal zone less
abruptly than a stolen hi-hat zone.
Key On Delay
With this parameter, you can delay the playback of the zone by a specified time or a
note value.
• To synchronize the delay time to the host tempo, activate the Sync button and
select a note value from the pop-up menu. To change the selected note value to a
triplet, activate the “T” button.
With Sync deactivated, the delay is specified in milliseconds. With Sync activated,
the delay is specified in fractions of beats.
Release Mode and Amount
The parameters Release Mode and Amount determine how loud the release samples
are played back. Release samples play back the sound of an instrument when the
note ends. For example, this can be the noise of the damper touching down on the
piano string, or the reverb tail of an instrument that was recorded in a concert hall. By
setting the release mode, the level of the release samples can be controlled from
different sources, for example. The Amount parameter adjusts how much the selected
option affects the level of the note-off samples.
To set up the playback of release samples, proceed as follows:
1. In the Program Tree, place the note-on and note-off samples into separate layers.
2. Add a MegaTrig Module to the note-off layer and set the playing condition to
“Note-off”.
3. Select all note-off samples.
4. In the Sound editor, open the Voice Control section, and make settings for
Release Mode and Amount.
The following settings are available:
OptionDescription
OffDeactivates the Release Mode. The level of the note-off sample is
controlled only by the amplifier section of the zone.
Note-on EnvThe level of the note-off sample is controlled by the Amplitude
Envelope of the associated note-on sample: The note-off sample
is played back with the level that the amplitude envelope has at
the moment when the note-off sample is triggered.
In order to find the associated note-on sample, the mappings of
the note-on and note-off samples must overlap. HALion takes the
last running note-on sample as the associated one.
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