PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA
INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Scientific Calculator Model
EL-506W/546W.
About the calculation examples (including some formulas and
tables), refer to the reverse side of this English manual. Refer to
the number on the right of each title in the manual for use.
After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for
future reference.
Note: Some of the models described in this manual may not be
available in some countries.
Operational Notes
• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it
may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass
and is particularly fragile.
• Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car
dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty environments.
• Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it
where fluids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops,
water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also
cause malfunction.
• Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth.
• Do not drop it or apply excessive force.
• Never dispose of batteries in a fire.
• Keep batteries out of the reach of children.
• This product, including accessories, may change due to upgrading without prior notice.
NOTICE
• SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent
written records be kept of all important data. Data may be
lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product
under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes
no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable
whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery
replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired,
or any other cause.
• SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or
consequential economic or property damage caused by
misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals,
unless such liability is acknowledged by law.
♦ Press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ball-
point pen or similar object, only in the following cases. Do not
use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. Note that pressing
the RESET switch erases all data stored in memory.
• When using for the first time
• After replacing the batteries
• To clear all memory contents
When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are inoperative.
•
If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP
servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP
repair service where available.
Hard Case
DISPLAY
Equation→
Display
Mantissa
•
During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time.
• Certain inactive symbols may appear visible when viewed from
a far off angle.
• Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are
shown in the display and calculation examples of this manual.
:
Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed.
Press
xy/rθ: Indicates the mode of expression of results in the com-
2ndF : Appears when @ is pressed.
HYP: Indicates that h has been pressed and the hyper-
plex calculation mode.
: Indicates that data can be visible above/below the
screen. Press [/] to scroll up/down the view.
bolic functions are enabled. If @H are pressed,
the symbols “2ndF HYP” appear, indicating that inverse
hyperbolic functions are enabled.
</>
to see the remaining (hidden) section.
04CGK (TINSE0719EHZZ)
←Symbol
Exponent
ALPHA :
Appears when K (STAT VAR), O or R is pressed.
FIX/SCI/ENG: Indicates the notation used to display a value.
DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units.
: Appears when matrix mode is selected.
: Appears when list mode is selected.
: Appears when statistics mode is selected.
M:Indicates that a value is stored in the independent memory.
?:
i: Indicates an imaginary number is being displayed in the
Indicates that the calculator is waiting for a numerical
value to be entered, such as during simulation calculation.
: Appears when the calculator shows an angle as the result
in the complex calculation mode.
complex calculation mode.
BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR
Key Notation Used in this Manual
In this manual, key operations are described as follows:
To specify ex: @e
To specify ln : I
To specify F : Kü
Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to
be pressed first before the key. When you specify the memory,
press K first. Numbers for input value are not shown as keys,
but as ordinary numbers.
Power On and Off
Press ª to turn the calculator on, and @F to turn it off.
Clearing the Entry and Memories
OperationEntryM A-F, X,Y STAT*1matA-D*
ª×× ××
@c×
Mode selection×
@∏00*
@∏10*
RESET switch
: Clear× : Retain
*1Statistical data (entered data).
2
x¯, sx, σx, n, Σx, Σx2, ¯y, sy, σy, Σy, Σy2, Σxy, r, a, b, c.
*
3
Matrix memories (matA, matB, matC and matD)
*
4
*
List memories (L1, L2, L3 and L4)
5
All variables are cleared.
*
6
This key combination functions the same as the RESET switch.
*
(Display) F1-F4 ANS STAT VAR*2L1-4*
5
6
3
4
[Memory clear key]
Press @∏ to display the menu.
• To clear all variables (M, A-F, X, Y, ANS,
F1-F4, STAT VAR, matA-D, L1-4), press 00 or 0®.
• To RESET the calculator, press 10 or 1®.
The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory, and
restore the calculator’s default setting.
Entering and Correcting the Equation
[Cursor keys]
• Press < or > to move the cursor. You can also return to
the equation after getting an answer by pressing > (<).
See the next section for using the [ and ] keys.
• See ‘SET UP menu’ for cursor use in the SET UP menu.
[Insert mode and Overwrite mode in the Equation display]
• Pressing @‘ switches between the two editing modes:
insert mode (default); and overwrite mode. A triangular cursor
indicates that an entry will be inserted at the cursor, while the
rectangular cursor indicates to overwrite preexisting data as you
make entries.
• To insert a number in the insert mode, move the cursor to the
place immediately after where you wish to insert, then make a
desired entry. In the overwrite mode, data under the cursor will
be overwritten by the number you enter.
• The mode set will be retained until the next RESET operation.
[Deletion key]
• To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/
function you wish to delete, then press d. If the cursor is
located at the right end of an equation, the d key will function
as a back space key.
Multi-line Playback Function
Previous equations may be recalled in the normal mode. Equations
also include calculation ending instructions such as “=” and a maximum of 142 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory
is full, stored equations are deleted in the order of the oldest first.
Pressing [ will display the previous equation. Further pressing
[ will display preceding equations (after returning to the previous equation, press ] to view equations in order). In addition,
@[ can be used to jump to the oldest equation.
• The multi-line memory is cleared by the following operations:
@c, mode change, RESET, N-base conversion and memory
clear (@∏).
Priority Levels in Calculation
Operations are performed according to the following priority:
Q Fractions (1
preceded by their argument (x
multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.) Y Functions followed by
their argument (sin, cos, etc.) U Implied multiplication of a function
4, etc.) W ∠, engineering prefixes E Functions
l
-1
, x2, n!, etc.) R Yx, x¿ T Implied
(2sin30, etc.) I nCr, nPr O ×, ÷ P +, – { AND } OR, XOR, XNOR
q =, M+, M–, ⇒M, |DEG, |RAD, |GRAD, DATA, CD, →rθ, →xy
and other calculation ending instructions
• If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have precedence over any other calculations.
INITIAL SET UP
Mode Selection
m0: Normal mode (NORMAL)
m1: Statistic mode (STAT)
m2: Equation mode (EQN)
m3: Complex number mode (CPLX)
m4: Matrix mode (MAT)
m5: List mode (LIST)
SET UP menu
Press ” to display the SET UP menu.
• A menu item can be selected by:
• moving the flashing cursor by using
><, then pressing ® (= key), or
• pressing the number key corresponding to the menu item number.
or is displayed on the screen, press [ or ] to
• If
view the previous/next menu screen.
• Press ª to exit the SET UP menu.
[Determination of the Angular Unit]
The following three angular units (degrees, radians, and grads) can
be specified.
• DEG (°) : Press ”00.
• RAD (rad): Press ”01.
• GRAD (g) : Press ”02.
[Selecting the Display Notation and Decimal Places]
Four display notation systems are used to display calculation results: Floating point; Fixed decimal point; Scientific notation; and
Engineering notation.
• When the FIX, SCI, or ENG symbol is displayed, the number of decimal
places (TAB) can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Displayed
values will be reduced to the corresponding number of digits.
[Setting the Floating Point Numbers System in Scientific Notation]
Two settings are used to display a floating point number: NORM1
(default setting) and NORM2. A number is automatically displayed
in scientific notation outside a preset range:
• NORM1: 0.000000001 ≤ x ≤ 9999999999
• NORM2: 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 9999999999
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS
• Press m0 to select the normal mode.
• In each example, press ª to clear the display. If the FIX, SCI,
or ENG indicator is displayed, clear the indicator by selecting
‘NORM1’ from the SET UP menu.
Arithmetic Operations
• The closing parenthesis ) just before = or ; may be
omitted.
Constant Calculations
• In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division are performed in the same manner. For
multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant.
• In the constants calculations, constants will be displayed as K.
Functions
• Refer to the calculation examples of each function.
• Before starting calculations, specify the angular unit.
Differential/Integral Functions
Differential and integral calculations are only available in the normal mode. For calculation conditions such as the x
ential calculation or the initial point in integral calculation, only
numerical values can be entered and equations such as 22 cannot
be specified. It is possible to reuse the same equation over and
over again and to recalculate by only changing the conditions without re-entering the equation.
• Performing a calculation will clear the value in the X memory.
When performing a differential calculation, enter the formula first and
•
then enter the x value in differential calculation and the minute interval
(dx). If a numerical value is not specified for minute interval,
x
×10–5 and x=0 will be 10–5 from the value of the numeric derivative.
• When performing an integral calculation, enter the formula first
and then enter a range of integral (a, b) and subintervals (n). If a
numerical value is not specified for subintervals, calculation will
be performed using n=100.
Since differential and integral calculations are performed based on
the following equations, correct results may not be obtained, in
certain rare cases, when performing special calculations that contain discontinuous points.
Integral calculation (Simpson’s rule):
1
S=—h{ƒ(a)+4{ƒ(a+h)+ƒ(a+3h)+······+ƒ(a+(N–1)h)}
3
+2{ƒ(a+2h)+ƒ(a+4h)+······+ƒ(a+(N–2)h)}+f(b)}
dx
f(x+ ––)–f(x –––)
Differential calculation:
f’(x) =————————
2
dx
[When performing integral calculations]
Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals
included, require longer calculation time. During calculation, “Calculating!” will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press ª. Note that
there will be greater integral errors when there are large fluctuations in
value in differ-
dx
2
x
≠0 will be
b – a
——
h=
N
N=2n
a≤ x ≤b
the integral values during
P (x,y )
X
Y
0
y
x
P (r,θ )
X
Y
0
r
θ
y
x
b
xx
xx
a
0
13
2
y
a
b
x
x
x
x
x
1
0
2
3
minute shifting of the integral range and for periodic
functions, etc., where positive and negative integral
values exist depending on
the interval.
For the former case, divide
integral intervals as small
as possible. For the latter
case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these
tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will
also shorten the calculation time.
Random Function
The Random function has four settings for use in the normal, statistics, matrix and list modes. (This function cannot be selected while
using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in
In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional
parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when
the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation
includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In
the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement.
Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations
Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be
performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to
seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the
sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:
succession, press ®. Press ª to exit.
• The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory
Y. Each random number is based on a number series.
[Random Numbers]
A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to
0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0®.
Coordinate Conversions
• Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.
[Random Dice]
To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be
generated by pressing @`1®.
[Random Coin]
To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly generated by pressing @`2®.
[Random Integer]
An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing @`3®.
Angular Unit Conversions
Each time
@g
are pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.
Memory Calculations
ModeANSM, F1-F4A-F, X,Y
NORMAL
STAT××
EQN×××
CPLX×
MAT×
LIST×
: Available× : Unavailable
• The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X
Calculations Using Physical Constants
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side.
A constant is recalled by pressing ß followed by the number
of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number.
The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with
the designated number of decimal places.
Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not
set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equation mode, matrix mode and list mode.
Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either
[Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)]
Press O and a variable key to store a value in memory.
Press R and a variable key to recall a value from the memory.
To place a variable in an equation, press K and a variable key.
[Independent memory (M)]
In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can
be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.
Press ªOM to clear the independent memory (M).
[Last answer memory (ANS)]
The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other
calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last
answer memory. A Matrix/List format result is not stored.
[Formula memories (F1-F4)]
Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4.
(Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing
a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the
existing equation.
Note:
• Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values.
• Random function .......... Y memory
• →rθ, →xy ........................ X memory (r or x), Y memory (θ or y)
• Use of R or K will recall the value stored in memory using
up to 14 digits.
Chain Calculations
• The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent
calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple
instructions or when the calculation result is in Matrix/List format.
• When using postfix functions (¿ , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is
possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the
use of the ª or @c keys.
Fraction Calculations
Metric Conversions
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side.
Unit conversions can be performed in the normal mode (when not
set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equation mode, matrix mode and list mode.
No.Remarks
Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed
using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a
fraction.
• If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the
number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number.
Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal
Operations (N-Base)
Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four
basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and
memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical
operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental,
octal and hexadecimal numbers.
Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys:
@ê (“
(“
” appears.), @ì (“ ” appears.), @í (“ ”, “ ”, “ ”
and “
Note: The hexadecimal numbers A – F are entered by pressing
” appears.), @û (“ ” appears.), @î
” disappear.)
ß, ™, L, ÷, l, and I, and displayed
as follows:
A → ï, B → ∫, C → ó, D → ò, E → ô, F → ö
degreesecond
minute
↔
Rectangular coord.Polar coord.
and Y.
• Value of r or x: X memory • Value of θ or y: Y memory
on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edition of the “Guide for the Use of the International System of
Units (SI)” released by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) or on ISO specifications.
No.Constant
01 Speed of light in vacuum
Newtonian constant of gravitation
02
03
Standard acceleration of gravity
04 Electron mass
05 Proton mass
06 Neutron mass
07 Muon mass
08 Atomic mass unit-kilogram
relationship
09 Elementary charge
10 Planck constant
11 Boltzmann constant
12 Magnetic constant
13 Electric constant
14 Classical electron radius
15 Fine-structure constant
16 Bohr radius
17 Rydberg constant
18 Magnetic flux quantum
19 Bohr magneton
20 Electron magnetic moment
21 Nuclear magneton
22 Proton magnetic moment
23 Neutron magnetic moment
24 Muon magnetic moment
25 Compton wavelength
26 Proton Compton wavelength
27 Stefan-Boltzmann constant
1 in: inch
2 cm: centimeter
3 ft: foot
4 m: meter
5 yd: yard
6 m: meter
7 mile: mile
8 km: kilometer
(273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)
30 Molar gas constant
31 Faraday constant
32 Von Klitzing constant
33
Electron charge to mass quotient
34 Quantum of circulation
35 Proton gyromagnetic ratio
36 Josephson constant
37 Electron volt
38 Celsius Temperature
39 Astronomical unit
40 Parsec
41 Molar mass of carbon-12
42 Planck constant over 2 pi
43 Hartree energy
44 Conductance quantum
45 Inverse fine-structure constant
46 Proton-electron mass ratio
47 Molar mass constant
48 Neutron Compton wavelength
49 First radiation constant
50 Second radiation constant
51 Characteristic impedance of
Calculation can be executed in the normal mode (excluding Nbase) using the following 9 types of prefixes.
PrefixOperationUnit
k (kilo)∑1010
M (Mega)∑1110
G (Giga)∑1210
T (Tera)∑1310
m (milli)∑1410
µ (micro)∑1510
n (nano)∑1610
p (pico)∑1710
f(femto)∑1810
Modify Function
Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation
with up to 14 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation
results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal
calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By
using the modify function, the internal value is converted to match
that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used
without change in subsequent operations.
Solver Function
The x value can be found that reduces an entered equation to “0”.
• This function uses Newton's method to obtain an approximation. Depending on the function (e.g. periodic) or start value, an
error may occur (Error 2) due to there being no convergence to
the solution for the equation.
• The value obtained by this function may include a margin of
error. If it is larger than acceptable, recalculate the solution
after changing ‘Start’ and dx values.
• Change the ‘Start’ value (e.g. to a negative value) or dx value
(e.g. to a smaller value) if:
• no solution can be found (Error 2).
• more than two solutions appear to be possible (e.g. a cubic
equation).
• to improve the arithmetic precision.
• The calculation result is automatically stored in the X memory.
[Performing Solver function]
Q Press m0.
W Input a formula with an x variable.
E Press ∑0.
R Input ‘Start’ value and press ®. The default value is “0”.
T Input dx value (minute interval).
Y Press ®.
SIMULATION CALCULATION (ALGB)
If you have to find a value consecutively using the same formula,
such as plotting a curve line for 2x
2x + 2y =14, once you enter the equation, all you have to do is to
specify the value for the variable in the formula.
Usable variables: A-F, M, X and Y
Unusable functions: Random function
• Simulation calculations can only be executed in the normal
mode.
Calculation ending instructions other than = cannot be used.
•
2
+ 1, or finding the variable for
Performing Calculations
Q Press m0.
W Input a formula with at least one variable.
E Press @≤.
R Variable input screen will appear. Input the value of the flashing
variable, then press ® to confirm. The calculation result will
be displayed after entering the value for all used variables.
• Only numerical values are allowed as variables. Input of
formulas is not permitted.
• Upon completing the calculation, press @≤ to per-
form calculations using the same formula.
• Variables and numerical values stored in the memories will
be displayed in the variable input screen. To change a
numerical value, input the new value and press ®.
• Performing simulation calculation will cause memory loca-
tions to be overwritten with new values.
STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS
Press m1 to select the statistics mode. The seven statistical calculations listed below can be performed. After selecting the
statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the
number key corresponding to your choice.
To change statistical sub-mode, reselect statistics mode (press
m1), then select the required sub-mode.
0 (SD): Single-variable statistics
The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below):
Single-variable statistical calculation
Statistics of Q and value of the normal probability function
Linear regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W and, in addition, estimate of y for a given
x (estimate y´) and estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´)
Exponential regression, Logarithmic regression,
Power regression, and Inverse regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W. In addition, estimate of y for a given x and
3
6
9
12
–3
–6
–9
–12
–15
estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts each
formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation
takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients a and b,
from converted data rather than entered data.)
Quadratic regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic
regression formula (y = a + bx + cx
calculations, no correlation coefficient (r) can be obtained.) When
there are two x´ values, press @≠.
When performing calculations using a, b and c, only one numeric
2
). (For quadratic regression
value can be held.
¯
xMean of samples (x data)
sxSample standard deviation (x data)
σ
xPopulation standard deviation (x data)
Q
nNumber of samples
Σ
xSum of samples (x data)
Σ
x2Sum of squares of samples (x data)
¯
yMeans of samples (y data)
sySample standard deviation (y data)
σ
yPopulation standard deviation (y data)
Σ
ySum of samples (y data)
W
Σ
y2Sum of squares of samples (y data)
Σ
xySum of products of samples (x, y)
rCorrelation coefficient
aCoefficient of regression equation
bCoefficient of regression equation
cCoefficient of quadratic regression equation
• Use K and R to perform a STAT variable calculation.
Data Entry and Correction
Entered data are kept in memory until @c or mode selection. Before entering new data, clear the memory contents.
[Data Entry]
Single-variable data
Data
k
Data
&
frequency
k
(To enter multiples of the same data)
Two-variable data
Data
x&
Data
Data
x&
Data
yk
y&
frequency
k (To enter multiples
of the same data x and y.)
• Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single-variable
data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as
one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as
a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data
items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items,
while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of
three data items.
[Data Correction]
Correction prior to pressing k immediately after a data entry:
Delete incorrect data with ª, then enter the correct data.
Correction after pressing k:
Use [] to display the data previously entered.
Press ] to display data items in ascending (oldest first)
order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first),
press the [ key.
Each item is displayed with ‘Xn=’, ‘Yn=’, or ‘Nn=’ (n is the sequen-
tial number of the data set).
Display the data item to modify, input the correct value, then
press k. Using &, you can correct the values of the data
set all at once.
• To delete a data set, display an item of the data set to delete,
then press @J. The data set will be deleted.
• To add a new data set, press ª and input the values, then
press k.
Statistical Calculation Formulas
TypeRegression formula
Lineary = a + bx
Exponentialy = a • e
Logarithmicy = a + b • ln x
Powery = a • x
Inversey = a + b —
Quadraticy = a + bx + cx
In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur when:
• The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result
is equal to or greater than 1 × 10
• The denominator is zero.
• An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.
• No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.
Normal Probability Calculations
• P(t), Q(t), and R(t) will always take positive values, even when
t<0, because these functions follow the same principle used
when solving for an area.
bx
b
1
x
2
100
.
• If the determinant D = 0, an error occurs.
• If the absolute value of an intermediate result or calculation result
• Coefficients ( a
• To clear the entered coefficients, press @c.
• Pressing ® when the determinant D is in the display recalls
100
is 1 × 10
operations.
the coefficients. Each time ® is pressed, a coefficient is
displayed in the order of input, allowing the entered coefficients
to be verified (by pressing @®, coefficients are displayed
in reverse order.) To correct a particular coefficient being displayed, enter the correct value and then press ®.
or more, an error occurs.
, etc.) can be entered using ordinary arithmetic
1
QUADRATIC AND CUBIC EQUATION SOLVERS
Quadratic (ax2 + bx + c = 0) or cubic (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0) equation
may be solved using this function.
Q Quadratic equation solver: m22
W Cubic equation solver:m23
• Press ® after entering each coefficient.
• The result will be displayed by pressing ® after entering all
coefficients. When there are more than 2 results, the next solution will be displayed.
• When the result is an imaginary number, “xy” symbol will appear.
The display can be switched between imaginary and real parts
by pressing @≠.
COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS
To carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using
complex numbers, press m3 to select the complex number
mode.
Results of complex number calculations are expressed in two modes:
• On selecting another mode, the imaginary part of any complex
number stored in the independent memory (M) will be cleared.
• A complex number expressed in rectangular coordinates with the
y-value equal to zero, or expressed in polar coordinates with the
angle equal to zero, is treated as a real number.
• Press ∑0 to return the complex conjugate of the speci-
fied complex number.
+
x-coordinate
θ
y-coordinate
+Ü
Ü
y-coordinate
MATRIX CALCULATIONS
This function enables the saving of up to 4 matrices (4 rows x 4
columns) for calculations. Press m4 to enter the matrix mode.
• Matrix data must be entered prior to making calculations. Pressing [/] will display the matrix edit buffer along with
Enter the value of each item (‘ROW’, ‘COLUMN’, and then each
element, e.g. ‘MAT1,1’) and press k after each. After entering all items, press ª, then press °2 and specify
matA-D to save the data.
• To edit data saved in matA-D, press °1 and specify
matA-D to recall the data to the matrix edit buffer. After editing,
press ª, then press °2 and specify matA-D to save
the data.
• Before performing calculations, press ª to close the matrix
edit buffer.
• When results of calculations are in the matrix format, the matrix
edit buffer with those results will be displayed. (At this time, you
cannot return to the equation.) To save the result in matA-D,
press ª, then press °2 and specify matA-D.
• Since there is only one matrix edit buffer, the previous data will
be overwritten by the new calculation.
• In addition to the 4 arithmetic functions (excluding divisions between matrices), x
available:
dim(
matrix name,
row,column
fill(
cumul
aug(
matrix name
identity
rnd_mat(
det
trans
mat→list
(∑5)
matA→list
(∑6)
)
value,row,column
matrix name
matrix name,
)
value
row,column
matrix name
matrix name
3
, x2, and x–1, the following commands are
Returns a matrix with dimensions changed as
specified.
) Fills each element with a specified value.
Returns the cumulative matrix.
Appends the second matrix to the first matrix as new
columns. The first and second matrices must have
the same number of rows.
Returns the identity matrix with specified value of
rows and columns.
) Returns a random matrix with specified values of
rows and columns.
Returns the determinant of a square matrix.
Returns the matrix with the columns transposed to
rows and the rows transposed to columns.
Creates lists with elements from the left column of each
matrix. (matA→L1, matB→L2, matC→L3, matD→L4)
Mode changes from matrix mode to list mode.
Creates lists with elements from each column of the
matrix. (matA→L1, L2, L3, L4)
Mode changes from matrix mode to list mode.
.
Values for P(t), Q(t), and R(t) are given to six decimal places.
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
Simultaneous linear equation with two unknowns (2-VLE) or with
three unknowns (3-VLE) may be solved using this function.
Q 2-VLE: m20
W 3-VLE: m21
LIST CALCULATIONS
This function enables the saving of up to 4 lists of 16 elements for
calculations. Press m5 to enter the list mode.
• List data must be entered prior to making calculations. Pressing
[/] will display the list edit buffer along with
the value of each item (‘SIZE’, and then each element, e.g.
. Enter
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