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Table of Contents
Important User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
This manual gives an overview of fieldbus, describes the NI-FBUS
Configurator, and explains how to use the NI-FBUS Configurator.
The NI-FBUS Configurator is intended for use with Microsoft
Windows NT.
This manual assumes that you are already familiar with Windows NT.
Conventions Used in This
Manual
Related Documentation
This manual uses the following conventions:
< >Angle brackets enclose the name of a key on the keyboard—for
example, <Enter>.
⇒ The ⇒ symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box
options to a final action. The sequence File
directs you to pull down the File menu, select the Page Setup item, and
select Options.
boldBold text denotes parameters, menus, menu items, buttons or options.
monospace This font denotes the messages and responses that the computer
automatically prints to the screen.
italicItalic text denotes a key concept.
NI-FBUSIn this manual, the term NI-FBUS refers to the NI-FBUS Communications
Manager.
These FOUNDATION Fieldbus Specification documents contain
information that you may find helpful as you read this manual:
• System Architecture, document FF-800
⇒ Page Setup⇒ Options
• Function Block Application Process, Parts 1–3, documents
FF-890, FF-891, and FF-892.
These documents can be purchased from the Fieldbus Foundation as
part of the H1 Communications and User Layer Technical Specification (hardcopy). For more information go to
This chapter introduces fieldbus and the parts of a fieldbus network.
This chapter contains fieldbus information that will help you use the
NI-FBUS Configurator and solve problems with the configuration of
your fieldbus system. Refer to the Glossary for more explanation of
fieldbus terms and concepts. If you already have a basic knowledge
of fieldbus concepts, or if you want to start using the NI-FBUS
Configurator immediately, skip to Chapter 3, NI-FBUS
Configurator Overview.
Introduction to Fieldbus
Parts of a Fieldbus Network
The term fieldbus refers to an all-digital, two-way communication
system that connects control systems to instrumentation.
The Fieldbus Foundation is an organization that developed a fieldbus
network based on the work and principles of the ISA and IEC. The
goal of the Fieldbus Foundation is to help create products that use a
robust industrial network based on existing standards and other
proven technologies and to standardize using those sources.
F
OUNDATION Fieldbus, the communications network created by the
Fieldbus Foundation, is a protocol designed for robust, distributed
control in process control environments. Devices connected by
F
OUNDATION Fieldbus control a process by exchanging data.
There are six conceptual parts to a fieldbus network:
• links
• devices
• blocks and parameters
• linkages
• loops
• schedules
Descriptions of these parts can be found on the following pages.
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1-2 Fieldbus Overview
Links
A FOUNDATION Fieldbus network is made up of devices connected by
a serial bus. This serial bus is called a link. Links can be separated by
special devices called bridges. Figure 1.1 shows a link in a fieldbus
network.
Figure 1.1 Fieldbus Network Link
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Fieldbus Overview 1-3
Devices
There are three types of devices on a fieldbus network: the link
master, basic devices, and bridges.
• Link master –A link master device controls the communications
traffic on a link. A link master prevents multiple devices from
communicating data at the same time. A link master can be a
Distributed Control System (DCS) or any other device, such as a
valve or a pressure transducer. There can be more than one link
master per link, but only one link master can be the Link Active Scheduler (LAS) at any given time.
• Basic device –A basic device cannot become the LAS.
• Bridge –A bridge connects two or more links.
Figure 1.2 shows these three types of devices.
Figure 1.2 Fieldbus Network Devices
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Identifying Devices
Devices are uniquely identified on the fieldbus network by character
string name, or tag. The device tag is a configurable attribute of the
device that usually describes the type of the device. Device tags are
unique to each device on a fieldbus network.
Another unique identifier of a device is the device ID, which includes
a serial number unique to the device. The device ID is assigned by the
device manufacturer; you cannot configure it.
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1-4 Fieldbus Overview
Blocks and Parameters
Functions that can be performed by a device are represented as
function blocks. Function blocks contain algorithms and
algorithm-controlling parameters. The 10 standard blocks and
algorithms include the following:
• Analog Input (AI)
• Analog Output (AO)
• Bias Gain (BG)
• Control Selector (CS)
• Discrete Input (DI)
• Discrete Output (DO)
• Proportional Derivative (PD)
• Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)
• Ratio Control (RC)
• Manual Loader (ML)
You can change or set the action of a block by changing the settings
of its parameters. Figure 1.3 shows an example of a function block
and its input and output parameters.
Figure 1.3 Function Block Parameters
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Function block parameters are classified as follows:
• Input parameters receive data from other blocks.
• Output parameters send data to other blocks.
• Contained parameters do not receive or send data; they are
contained within the block.
Function block parameters are also classified as alarm, trend, or tuning
parameters. These classifications are independent of the input, output,
and contained classifications. For example, an input parameter can
also be an alarm, trend, or tuning parameter.
Fieldbus Overview 1-5
Device Description Files
The vendor supplied Device Description (DD) files describe the
function and transducer blocks contained in a device. A DD file
includes symbolic information (such as names and help strings) and
functional information (such as menus and methods that you can use
with the device). DDs are used with the NI-FBUS Configurator to
configure a device.
Identifying Blocks
Blocks are uniquely identified on the fieldbus network by a character
string name, or tag, similar to the device tag. The block tag is an
attribute of a block that usually describes the purpose and location of
the block. You can change the block tag, but block tags must be
unique to each block on a fieldbus network.
Linkages
The function blocks configured to control a process are linked, or
connected by configuration objects inside the devices. These linkages
allow you to send data from one block to the other. A linkage is
different from a link, in that a link is a physical wire pair that connects
devices on a fieldbus network, and a linkage is a logical connection
that connects two function blocks.
A block parameter that is written to the bus is referred to as a
publishedparameter. A block parameter that is receiving data is
referred to as a subscribed parameter. Figure 1.4 shows an example of
a linkage between blocks. In this example, the output parameter in
block A is the published parameter and the input parameter in block
B is the subscribed parameter. The blocks can be in the same device
or in different devices.
Figure 1.4 Linkage Between Function Blocks
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1-6 Fieldbus Overview
Loops
A loop or control loop is a group of function blocks connected by
linkages executing at a configured rate. Each block executes at the
configured rate and data moves across the linkages between the
blocks at the configured rate. Figure 1.5 shows an example of a
control loop.
Figure 1.5 Control Loop
Loop = 1 sec
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Multiple Loops
It is possible to have multiple loops running at different rates on a
link. Figure 1.6 shows an example of multiple loops.
Figure 1.6 Multiple Loops Running At Different Rates
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Fieldbus Overview 1-7
Even if loops are running at different rates, they can send each other
data through linkages. Figure 1.7 shows an example of a linkage
between two loops. All loops on a link run within one macrocycle. A
macrocycle is the least common multiple of all the loop times on a
given link. For example, the macrocycle in Figure 1.7 is 1 second.
Figure 1.7 Linkage Between Two Loops
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1-8 Fieldbus Overview
Schedules
A schedule of data traffic allows communication to be deterministic,
meaning that data is transferred between a given set of devices at the
same time during each loop.
The schedule can be divided into two parts: a function block schedule
that determines when a block executes, and a publishing schedule
that determines when data parameters are published over the fieldbus.
The function block schedule is downloaded to the device that
contains the function blocks, and the publishing schedule is usually
downloaded to a device or devices that have link master capability.
The link master running the publishing schedule, and therefore
controlling the process, is the LAS.
Downloading the schedule to multiple devices with link master
capability ensures that the process is controlled, even if the LAS fails.
If the LAS fails, another device with link master capability takes over
the bus and runs the schedule. Figure 1.8 shows the relationship of
the two schedules to the device, link, link master, and LAS.
Link
Basic Device
(Function Block
Schedule)
Linkage
Figure 1.8 Publishing and Function Block Schedules Relationships
LAS
(Publishing
Schedule)
Basic Device
(Function Block
Schedule)
(Function Block Schedule,
Link Master
Publishing Schedule)
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Chapter
2
Configuring a Fieldbus System
This chapter contains brief instructions on how to configure a typical
fieldbus system.
Refer to Chapter, Fieldbus Overview, or the Glossary for an
explanation of fieldbus terms or concepts. Refer to Chapter 3,
NI-FBUS Configurator Overview, for information about a specific
control or window in the NI-FBUS Configurator.
Configuring a
Typical Fieldbus System
IMPORTANT
The following is an example of a typical fieldbus system
configuration, using the NI-FBUS Configurator:
1. Connect the devices in a segment. You can connect devices in
one of two ways: online or offline.
• In the online mode, connect the devices to the fieldbus
segment and start the NI-FBUS Configurator.
• In the offline mode, the devices are not connected to the
fieldbus.
For instructions on how to connect devices, refer to the
Configuring Online section on page 4-2.
2. Import the Device Descriptions (DDs) of the connected devices
to the computer that runs the NI-FBUS Configurator.
Before you use the NI-FBUS Configurator, you must
install and configure your software and any fieldbus
interfaces, as instructed in your getting started
manual.
For instructions on how to import DDs, refer to the Starting the
NI-FBUS Configurator section on page 4-1.
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2-2 Configuring a Fieldbus System
3. Set addresses and tags.
• Each device has a physical device tag and a fieldbus network
address. You must assign a unique tag to each device. Each
address must be unique within a fieldbus segment.
• Each device has function blocks that perform control
functions, such as AI, AO, DI, DO, PID, and so on. Devices
also have transducer blocks that perform I/O with sensors
and actuators. You must assign a unique tag to function and
transducer blocks.
For instructions on how to set addresses and tags, refer to the
Setting Device or Block Tags and Setting Device Addresses
sections on pages 4-5 and 4-6, respectively.
4. Formulate a control strategy.
• To define your control strategy, identify the function blocks
and connect the relevant function blocks. For example, if you
are configuring a cascaded PID control, you must identify the
primary and secondary PIDs and their inputs and outputs.
• You must also configure loop times or cycle times. For
example, you can configure the primary loop in the cascade
to execute at a certain rate, and configure the secondary loop
to execute at a different rate.
For instructions on how to formulate a control strategy, refer to
the Formulating a Control Strategy section on page 4-8.
5. Schedule function blocks and communication.
Fieldbus schedules the execution of function blocks and the
communication between the connected function blocks. The
two schedules are synchronized to prevent oversampling.
For instructions on how to edit the schedule, Viewing and
Editing a Schedule section on page 4-27.
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Configuring a Fieldbus System 2-3
6. Configure alarms.
Using the NI-FBUS Configurator, you can configure fieldbus
devices to generate alarms. Thus, you do not need an HMI to
generate alarms. To configure alarms, identify the function
blocks that generate alarms and the hosts that receive the
alarms. You must also configure the alarm limits and priorities.
For instructions on how to configure alarms, refer to the
Configuring Alarms section on page 4-25.
7. Configure trends.
Fieldbus devices collect trend samples (value, status, and time
stamps) and broadcast them on the bus periodically. To
configure trends, identify the function block (or transducer
block) parameters that you want to trend, and configure the
sampling rates and types for each of them. You must also
identify which host or hosts receive the trend.
For instructions on how to configure trends, refer to the
Configuring Trends section on page 4-26.
8. Set static parameters.
For your control strategy to work, you must configure static
parameters, such as scaling parameters like XD_SCALE in AI/AO
blocks and PV_SCALE in PID blocks. For PID control, you must
also configure engineering units, control and I/O options, fault
state values for output blocks, and tuning parameters.
For instructions on how to set parameters, refer to the Viewing
and Editing Function Block Parameters section on page 4-19.
9. Configure input/output (I/O).
Sensor and actuator I/O is typically modeled as a transducer
block. Refer to your sensor or actuator documentation to
determine whether you can configure I/O.
For instructions on how to configure I/O, refer to the Viewing
and Editing Function Block Parameters section on page 4-19.
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2-4 Configuring a Fieldbus System
10. Set network parameters.
For communication and scheduling to function properly, you
must configure the fieldbus communication-specific network
parameters. An example of a network parameter is identifying
the primary time master and the primary Link Active Scheduler
(LAS) devices.
For instructions on how to set network parameters, refer to the
Setting Network Parameters section on page 4-30.
11. Download a configuration.
Make sure that all the devices are connected to the bus, and
download the configuration.
For instructions on how to download a configuration, refer to
the Downloading a Configuration section on page 4-31.
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Chapter
NI-FBUS Configurator Overview
This chapter introduces the NI-FBUS Configurator, lists some of its
main features, and describes the main windows of the application.
3
Introduction to
the NI-FBUS Configurator
NI-FBUS Configurator
Features
You can use the NI-FBUS Configurator to configure a fieldbus network
and keep track of your configuration changes. The NI-FBUS
Configurator is an easy-to-use graphical environment for creating
linkages, loops, and a schedule based on the fieldbus concepts
described in Chapter, Fieldbus Overview.
Now that you are familiar with the basics of fieldbus communication,
you are ready to use the NI-FBUS Configurator. To use the NI-FBUS
Configurator immediately, continue to Chapter, Using the NI-FBUS
Configurator.
You can use the NI-FBUS Configurator to configure a fieldbus network
as follows:
• Set block and device tags
• Set device addresses
• Create and edit function block control strategies
(function block applications)
• Configure vendor-defined function and transducer blocks
• Create and edit schedules
• Read and write to function block control strategies
(function block applications)
• Invoke Device Description (DD) methods
• Display DD menus
• Download a configuration
• Verify a configuration and compare it to a saved configuration
• Monitor a downloaded configuration
• Replace devices
• Log project download changes
• Save and print a configuration
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3-2 NI-FBUS Configurator Overview
NI-FBUS Configurator
Windows
The NI-FBUS Configurator has three moveable, dockable windows
within the Configurator Main window: the Project, Help, and Status
windows.
Configurator Main Window
The Configurator Main window has menus at the top, and contains
the windows described in the following sections. Figure 3.1 shows the
Project, Help, and Status windows within the Configurator Main
window.
Figure 3.1 Configurator Main Window
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NI-FBUS Configurator Overview 3-3
Project Window
The Project window, which appears to the left of the Configurator
Main window by default, displays the configurable objects of the link
connected to the NI-FBUS Configurator. To configure each object,
double-click these objects in the Project window; doing so opens the
correct interface to use to configure the object. Figure 3.2 shows the
Project window.
Figure 3.2 Project Window
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3-4 NI-FBUS Configurator Overview
Each object in the Project window has its own menu that appears on
the main taskbar when you select the object. You can also view the
menu by right-clicking the object, as shown in Figure 3.3.
Figure 3.3 Project Window Pop-Up Menu
Conventions
The NI-FBUS Configurator uses the following standard user interface
conventions:
• Double-click an object to open the configuration interface.
• Right-click an objewct to display a popup menu that lists actions
related to that object.
• Single-click an object to select it and display a popup menu in
the menu bar at the top of the Main window.
• Single-click an object to select it and hover the cursor over the
object to view the help information for that object. The
appropriate help information appears in the Help window.
• Drag and drop icons (block or device) from one window and
into another.
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NI-FBUS Configurator Overview 3-5
Icons
Descriptions of the project icons that appear in the Project window
follow:
IconNameDescription
LinkThis icon represents the fieldbus segment to which your PC is
connected. Double-click this icon to open the Network Parameters
window.
Log/NotesDouble-click this icon to see a summary of all the changes you
have made to the project link.
Network
Parameters
ScheduleDouble-click this icon to see the schedule of function block
Function
Block
Application
Editor
DeviceThis icon represents a fieldbus device, followed by the device tag
Host Device This icon represents the device (PC) that hosts the NI-FBUS
Function
Block
Double-click this icon to open the Network Parameters window
and change the low-level configuration parameters for the link.
executions and data transmissions for the entire link.
Double-click this icon to use the Function Block Application Editor
to wire function blocks together into a function block application.
You can add multiple function block applications to your project.
and its unique serial identifier. Double-click this icon to open the
Device window.
Configurator. Double-click this icon to open the Device window.
This icon represents a fieldbus function block, followed by the
block tag and its type (in parentheses). Double-click this icon to
open the Block window.
State Icons
During the initial scan of the bus, state icons sometimes overlap the
project icons. Descriptions of the state icons used in the Project
window follow:
IconNameDescription
UpdatingThis icon appears when the NI-FBUS Configurator is reading or
writing to the object.
ErrorThis icon appears when the NI-FBUS Configurator detects or
encounters an error with the object.
InvalidThis icon appears when the indicated object is not responding to
the NI-FBUS Configurator scan.
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3-6 NI-FBUS Configurator Overview
Toolbar
The toolbar at the top of the Project window helps you perform basic
operations on your project. Figure 3.4 shows the Project window
toolbar.
Figure 3.4 Project Toolbar
Descriptions of the buttons on the Project toolbar follow:
Button NameDescription
ErrorsClick this button to validate the project.
New LinkClick this button to add another link to the project.
New DeviceClick this button to add another device to the project.
New BlockClick this button to add another block to the project.
New FBAPClick this button to add another Function Block Application Editor
window to the project.
Download
Project
Upload
Project
Verify and
Diff
Show/Hide
Transducers
Click this button to open the Download Configuration dialog box.
Click this button to reread the configuration.
Click this button to upload your current configuration and
compare it to the saved project.
Click this button to hide the transducer blocks from the Project
window.
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