Perkins Engine 1106A-70T, 1106A-70TA, 1106C-70TA, 1106D-70TA Service Manual

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Operation and Maintenance Manual

SEBU8728-02

March 2014

1106A-70T, 1106A-70TA, 1106C-70TA and 1106D-70TA Industrial Engines

PP (Engine) PR (Engine) PT (Engine) PU (Engine)

Important Safety Information

Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This person should also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.

Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and could result in injury or death.

Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.

Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.

The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as “DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.

The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially presented.

Operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels on the product and in this publication.

Perkins cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard. The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specifically recommended by Perkins is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others. You should also ensure that the product will not be damaged or be made unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that you choose.

The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that was available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures, measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you start any job. Perkins dealers or Perkins distributors have the most current information available.

When replacement parts are required for this product Perkins recommends using Perkins

replacement parts.

Failure to heed this warning can lead to premature failures, product damage, personal injury or

death.

SEBU8728 3

Table of Contents

Foreword.............................. ............................. 4

Safety Section

Safety Messages....................... ....................... 5

General Hazard Information ............... .............. 6

Burn Prevention........................ ........................ 8

Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention .... ... 8

Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention . 10

Mounting and Dismounting............... .............. 10

Before Starting Engine ................. .................. 10

Engine Starting ........................ ....................... 10

Engine Stopping ....................... .......................11

Maintenance Recommendations.......... .......... 55

Maintenance Interval Schedule ........... ........... 57

Warranty Section

Warranty Information ................... ................... 88

Reference Information Section

Reference Materials ........................................ 89

Index Section

Index................................ ............................... 90

Electrical System...................... .......................11

Engine Electronics..................... ..................... 12

Product Information Section

General Information.................... .................... 13

Product Identification Information .......... ......... 20

Operation Section

Lifting and Storage..................... ..................... 23

Features and Controls .................. .................. 25

Engine Starting ........................ ....................... 30

Engine Operation...................... ...................... 33

Cold Weather Operation................. ................ 34

Engine Stopping ....................... ...................... 38

Maintenance Section

Refill Capacities....................... ....................... 39

4 Foreword

SEBU8728

Foreword

Literature Information

This manual contains safety, operation instructions, lubrication and maintenance information. This manual

should be stored in or near the engine area in a literature holder or literature storage area. Read, study and keep it with the literature and engine information.

English is the primary language for all Perkins publications. The English used facilitates translation and consistency.

Some photographs or illustrations in this manual show details or attachments that may be different from your engine. Guards and covers may have been removed for illustrative purposes. Continuing improvement and advancement of product design may have caused changes to your engine which are not included in this manual. Whenever a question arises regarding your engine, or this manual, please consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for the latest available information.

Safety

This safety section lists basic safety precautions. In addition, this section identifies hazardous, warning situations. Read and understand the basic

precautions listed in the safety section before operating or performing lubrication, maintenance and repair on this product.

Operation

Operating techniques outlined in this manual are basic. They assist with developing the skills and techniques required to operate the engine more efficiently and economically. Skill and techniques develop as the operator gains knowledge of the engine and its capabilities.

The operation section is a reference for operators. Photographs and illustrations guide the operator through procedures of inspecting, starting, operating and stopping the engine. This section also includes a discussion of electronic diagnostic information.

Maintenance

The maintenance section is a guide to engine care. The illustrated, step-by-step instructions are grouped by service hours and/or calendar time maintenance intervals. Items in the maintenance schedule are

referenced to detailed instructions that follow.

Recommended service should be performed at the appropriate intervals as indicated in the Maintenance Interval Schedule. The actual operating environment of the engine also governs the Maintenance Interval Schedule. Therefore, under extremely severe, dusty, wet or freezing cold operating conditions, more frequent lubrication and maintenance than is specified in the Maintenance Interval Schedule may be necessary.

The maintenance schedule items are organized for a preventive maintenance management program. If the preventive maintenance program is followed, a periodic tune-up is not required. The implementation of a preventive maintenance management program should minimize operating costs through cost avoidances resulting from reductions in unscheduled downtime and failures.

Maintenance Intervals

Perform maintenance on items at multiples of the original requirement. We recommend that the maintenance schedules be reproduced and displayed near the engine as a convenient reminder. We also recommend that a maintenance record be maintained

as part of the engine's permanent record.

Your authorized Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor can assist you in adjusting your maintenance schedule to meet the needs of your operating environment.

Overhaul

Major engine overhaul details are not covered in the Operation and Maintenance Manual except for the interval and the maintenance items in that interval.

Major repairs should only be carried out by Perkins authorized personnel. Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor offers a variety of options regarding overhaul programs. If you experience a major engine failure, there are also numerous after failure overhaul options available. Consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for information regarding these options.

California Proposition 65 Warning

Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents are known to the State of California to cause cancer,

birth defects, and other reproductive harm. Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds. Wash hands after handling.

SEBU8728

Safety Section

i04148593

Safety Messages

There may be several specific warning signs on your engine. The exact location and a description of the warning signs are reviewed in this section. Please become familiar with all warning signs.

Ensure that all of the warning signs are legible. Clean the warning signs or replace the warning signs if the words cannot be read or if the illustrations are not

visible. Use a cloth, water, and soap to clean the warning signs. Do not use solvents, gasoline, or other harsh chemicals. Solvents, gasoline, or harsh chemicals could loosen the adhesive that secures the

warning signs. The warning signs that are loosened could drop off the engine.

Safety Section

Safety Messages

Replace any warning sign that is damaged or missing. If a warning sign is attached to a part of the engine that is replaced, install a new warning sign on the replacement part. Your Perkins distributor can provide new warning signs.

(1) Universal Warning

Do not operate or work on this equipment unless you have read and understand the instructions and warnings in the Operation and Maintenance Manuals. Failure to follow the instructions or heed the warnings could result in serious injury or death.

Illustration 1 g01154807

Typical example

The Universal Warning label (1) is located on both sides of the valve mechanism cover base.

6 SEBU8728 Safety Section

General Hazard Information

Illustration 2 g02342216

(1) Universal warning (2) Ether

(2) Ether

i02328435

General Hazard Information

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.

Illustration 4 g00104545

Attach a “Do Not Operate” warning tag or a similar

Illustration 3 g01154809

Typical example

warning tag to the start switch or to the controls before you service the equipment or before you repair the equipment.

The ether warning label (2) is located on the cover of the inlet manifold.

SEBU8728

Illustration 5 g00702020

Wear a hard hat, protective glasses, and other protective equipment, as required.

Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can snag on controls or on other parts of the engine.

Safety Section

General Hazard Information

The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes must be below 205 kPa (30 psi). The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes must be below 275 kPa (40 psi).

Fluid Penetration

Pressure can be trapped in the hydraulic circuit long after the engine has been stopped. The pressure can cause hydraulic fluid or items such as pipe plugs to escape rapidly if the pressure is not relieved correctly.

Do not remove any hydraulic components or parts until pressure has been relieved or personal injury may occur. Do not disassemble any hydraulic components or parts until pressure has been relieved or personal injury may occur. Refer to the OEM information for any procedures that are required to relieve the hydraulic pressure.

Make sure that all protective guards and all covers are secured in place on the engine.

Keep the engine free from foreign material. Remove debris, oil, tools, and other items from the deck, from

walkways, and from steps.

Never put maintenance fluids into glass containers. Drain all liquids into a suitable container.

Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.

Use all cleaning solutions with care.

Report all necessary repairs.

Do not allow unauthorized personnel on the equipment.

Ensure that the power supply is disconnected before you work on the bus bar or the glow plugs.

Perform maintenance on the engine with the equipment in the servicing position. Refer to the OEM information for the procedure for placing the equipment in the servicing position.

Pressure Air and Water

Pressurized air and/or water can cause debris and/or hot water to be blown out. This could result in personal injury.

The direct application of pressurized air or pressurized water to the body could result in personal injury.

When pressurized air and/or water is used for cleaning, wear protective clothing, protective shoes, and eye protection. Eye protection includes goggles or a protective face shield.

Illustration 6 g00687600

Always use a board or cardboard when you check for a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure can penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can cause serious injury and possible death. A pin hole leak can cause severe injury. If fluid is injected into your skin, you must get treatment immediately. Seek treatment from a doctor that is familiar with this type of injury.

Containing Fluid Spillage

Care must be taken in order to ensure that fluids are contained during performance of inspection,

maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the engine. Make provision to collect the fluid with a suitable container before any compartment is opened or before any component is disassembled.

• Only use the tools that are suitable for collecting fluids and equipment that is suitable for collecting fluids.

• Only use the tools that are suitable for containing fluids and equipment that is suitable for containing fluids.

Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.

8 SEBU8728 Safety Section

Burn Prevention

i02143195

Burn Prevention

Do not touch any part of an operating engine. Allow the engine to cool before any maintenance is performed on the engine. Relieve all pressure in the air system, in the hydraulic system, in the lubrication system, in the fuel system, or in the cooling system before any lines, fittings or related items are disconnected.

Coolant

When the engine is at operating temperature, the engine coolant is hot. The coolant is also under pressure. The radiator and all lines to the heaters or to the engine contain hot coolant.

Any contact with hot coolant or with steam can cause severe burns. Allow cooling system components to cool before the cooling system is drained.

Check the coolant level after the engine has stopped and the engine has been allowed to cool.

Ensure that the filler cap is cool before removing the filler cap. The filler cap must be cool enough to touch with a bare hand. Remove the filler cap slowly in order to relieve pressure.

Cooling system conditioner contains alkali. Alkali can cause personal injury. Do not allow alkali to contact the skin, the eyes, or the mouth.

Oils

Hot oil and hot lubricating components can cause personal injury. Do not allow hot oil to contact the skin. Also, do not allow hot components to contact the skin.

i04149650

Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention

Illustration 7 g00704000

All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolant mixtures are flammable.

Flammable fluids that are leaking or spilled onto hot surfaces or onto electrical components can cause a fire. Fire may cause personal injury and property damage.

After the emergency stop button is operated, ensure that you allow 15 minutes, before the engine covers are removed.

Determine whether the engine will be operated in an environment that allows combustible gases to be drawn into the air inlet system. These gases could cause the engine to overspeed. Personal injury, property damage, or engine damage could result.

Batteries

Electrolyte is an acid. Electrolyte can cause personal injury. Do not allow electrolyte to contact the skin or the eyes. Always wear protective glasses for servicing batteries. Wash hands after touching the batteries and connectors. Use of gloves is recommended.

If the application involves the presence of combustible gases, consult your Perkins dealer and/ or your Perkins distributor for additional information about suitable protection devices.

Remove all flammable combustible materials or conductive materials such as fuel, oil, and debris from the engine. Do not allow any flammable combustible

materials or conductive materials to accumulate on the engine.

Store fuels and lubricants in correctly marked containers away from unauthorized persons. Store oily rags and any flammable materials in protective containers. Do not smoke in areas that are used for

storing flammable materials.

Do not expose the engine to any flame.

Exhaust shields (if equipped) protect hot exhaust components from oil or fuel spray in the case of a line, a tube, or a seal failure. Exhaust shields must be

installed correctly.

SEBU8728 9

Safety Section

Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention

Do not weld on lines or tanks that contain flammable fluids. Do not flame cut lines or tanks that contain flammable fluid. Clean any such lines or tanks

thoroughly with a nonflammable solvent prior to welding or flame cutting.

Wiring must be kept in good condition. All electrical wires must be correctly routed and securely attached. Check all electrical wires daily. Repair any wires that are loose or frayed before you operate the engine. Clean all electrical connections and tighten all electrical connections.

Eliminate all wiring that is unattached or unnecessary. Do not use any wires or cables that are smaller than the recommended gauge. Do not bypass any fuses and/or circuit breakers.

Arcing or sparking could cause a fire. Secure connections, recommended wiring, and correctly maintained battery cables will help to prevent arcing or sparking.

Ensure that the engine is stopped. Inspect all lines and hoses for wear or for deterioration. The hoses

must be correctly routed. The lines and hoses must have adequate support and secure clamps.

Oil filters and fuel filters must be correctly installed. The filter housings must be tightened to the correct torque. Refer to Disassembly and Assembly for more information.

Illustration 9 g00704135

Gases from a battery can explode. Keep any open flames or sparks away from the top of a battery. Do not smoke in battery charging areas.

Never check the battery charge by placing a metal object across the terminal posts. Use a voltmeter or a hydrometer.

Illustration 8 g00704059

Use caution when you are refueling an engine. Do not smoke while you are refueling an engine. Do not refuel an engine near open flames or sparks. Always stop the engine before refueling.

Incorrect jumper cable connections can cause an explosion that can result in injury. Refer to the Operation Section of this manual for specific instructions.

Do not charge a frozen battery. This may cause an explosion.

The batteries must be kept clean. The covers (if equipped) must be kept on the cells. Use the recommended cables, connections, and battery box covers when the engine is operated.

Fire Extinguisher

Make sure that a fire extinguisher is available. Be familiar with the operation of the fire extinguisher. Inspect the fire extinguisher and service the fire extinguisher regularly. Obey the recommendations on the instruction plate.

Lines, Tubes, and Hoses

Do not bend high-pressure lines. Do not strike highpressure lines. Do not install any lines that are damaged.

Leaks can cause fires. Consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for replacement parts.

Replace the parts if any of the following conditions are present:

10 SEBU8728 Safety Section

Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention

• High-pressure line or lines are removed.

• End fittings are damaged or leaking.

• Outer coverings are chafed or cut.

• Wires are exposed.

• Outer coverings are ballooning.

• Flexible part of the hoses are kinked.

• Outer covers have embedded armoring.

• End fittings are displaced.

Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields are installed correctly. During engine operation, this will help to prevent vibration, rubbing against other parts, and excessive heat.

i02143194

Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention

Support the component correctly when work beneath the component is performed.

Unless other maintenance instructions are provided, never attempt adjustments while the engine is running.

Stay clear of all rotating parts and of all moving parts. Leave the guards in place until maintenance is performed. After the maintenance is performed, reinstall the guards.

i04149669

Before Starting Engine

Before the initial start-up of an engine that is new, serviced or repaired, make provision to shut the

engine of down the engine may be accomplished by shutting off the air and/or fuel supply to the engine.

If automatic shutdown does not occur, press the emergency stop button in order to cut the fuel and/or air to the engine.

Inspect the engine for potential hazards.

Before starting the engine, ensure that no one is on, underneath, or close to the engine. Ensure that the area is free of personnel.

If equipped, ensure that the lighting system for the engine is suitable for the conditions. Ensure that all lights work correctly, if equipped.

All protective guards and all protective covers must be installed if the engine must be started in order to perform service procedures. To help prevent an accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts carefully.

Do not bypass the automatic shutoff circuits. Do not disable the automatic shutoff circuits. The circuits are

provided in order to help prevent personal injury. The circuits are also provided in order to help prevent engine damage.

See the Service Manual for repairs and for adjustments.

in order to stop an overspeed. Shutting

Keep objects away from moving fan blades. The fan blades will throw objects or cut objects.

When objects are struck, wear protective glasses in order to avoid injury to the eyes.

Chips or other debris may fly of are struck. Before objects are struck, ensure that no one will be injured by flying debris.

objects when objects

i04144070

Mounting and Dismounting

Do not climb on the engine. The engine is not been designed with mounting or dismounting locations.

Refer to the OEM for the location of foot and hand holds for your specific application.

i04148659

Engine Starting

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.

If a warning tag is attached to the engine start switch or to the controls DO NOT start the engine or move the controls. Consult with the person that attached the warning tag before the engine is started.

SEBU8728 11

Safety Section

Engine Stopping

Start the engine from the compartment of the operator or from the engine start switch.

Always start the engine according to the procedure that is described in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Starting” topic in the Operation Section. Knowing that the correct procedure will help to prevent major damage to the engine components. Knowing that the procedure will also help to prevent personal injury.

To ensure that the jacket water heater (if equipped) and/or the lube oil heater (if equipped) is working correctly, check the water temperature gauge and/or the oil temperature gauge during the heater operation.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion which can be harmful to your health. Always start the engine and operate the engine in a ventilated area. If the engine is started in an enclosed area, vent the engine exhaust to the outside.

These engines are equipped with a glow plug starting aid in each individual cylinder that heats the intake air in order to improve starting.

i02678838

To help prevent sparks from igniting combustible gases that are produced by some batteries, the

−

negative “

” cable should be connected last from the external power source to the negative “−” terminal of the starting motor. If the starting motor is not equipped with a negative “−” terminal, connect the cable to the engine block.

Check the electrical wires daily for wires that are loose or frayed. Tighten all loose electrical connections before the engine is started. Repair all frayed electrical wires before the engine is started. See the Operation and Maintenance Manual for specific starting instructions.

Grounding Practices

Engine Stopping

Stop the engine according to the procedure in the Operation and Maintenance Manual,

“Engine Stopping (Operation Section)” in order to avoid overheating of the engine and accelerated wear of the engine components.

Use the Emergency Stop Button (if equipped) ONLY in an emergency situation. Do not use the Emergency Stop Button for normal engine stopping. After an emergency stop, DO NOT start the engine until the problem that caused the emergency stop has been corrected.

Stop the engine if an overspeed condition occurs during the initial start-up of a new engine or an engine that has been overhauled. This may be accomplished by shutting off the fuel supply to the engine and/or shutting off the air supply to the engine.

i04144111

Electrical System

Illustration 10 g02343616

Typical example

(1) Ground to the battery (2) Primary position for grounding (3) Ground to the starting motor (4) Ground to the engine block

Never disconnect any charging unit circuit or battery circuit cable from the battery when the charging unit is operating. A spark can cause the combustible gases that are produced by some batteries to ignite.

12 SEBU8728 Safety Section

Engine Electronics

i04149672

Engine Electronics

Tampering with the electronic system installation or the OEM wiring installation can be dangerous and could result in personal injury or death and/or engine damage.

This engine has a comprehensive Engine Monitoring System. An electronic control governor can be installed onto the engine. The electronic control governor can monitor certain engine operating conditions. If certain engine parameters extend outside an allowable range, the electronic control governor will initiate an immediate action.

Illustration 11 g02343617

Typical example

(5) Ground to the battery (6) Ground to the engine block (7) Primary position for grounding

Correct grounding for the engine electrical system is necessary for optimum engine performance and reliability. Incorrect grounding will result in uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and in unreliable electrical circuit paths.

Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can result in damage to the crankshaft bearing journal surfaces and to aluminum components.

Engines that are installed without engine-to-frame ground straps can be damaged by electrical discharge.

To ensure that the engine and the engine electrical systems function correctly, an engine-to-frame ground strap with a direct path to the battery must be used. This path may be provided by way of a direct engine ground to the frame.

The following monitored engine operating conditions have the ability to limit engine speed and/or the engine power:

• Engine Coolant Temperature

• Engine Oil Pressure

• Engine Speed

The Engine Monitoring package can vary for different engine models and different engine applications. However, the monitoring system and the engine monitoring control will be similar for all engines.

Note: Many of the engine control systems and display modules that are available for Perkins Engines will work in unison with the Engine Monitoring System. Together, the two controls will provide the engine monitoring function for the specific engine application.

The connections for the grounds should be tight and free of corrosion. The engine alternator must be grounded to the negative “-” battery terminal with a wire that is adequate to handle the full charging current of the alternator.

The power supply connections and the ground connections for the engine electronics should always be from the isolator to the battery.

SEBU8728 13

Product Information Section

Model View Illustrations

Product Information Section

General Information

i05748777

Model View Illustrations

The following model views show typical features of the engine. Due to individual applications, your engine may appear different from the illustrations.

Note: Only major components are identified on the following illustrations.

14 SEBU8728 General Information

Model View Illustrations

1106A-70T Engine

Illustration 12 g03649451

Typical example

(1) Crankcase breather (2) Secondary fuel filters (3) Primary fuel filter

(4) Oil sampling valve (5) Oil filter (6) Fuel injection pump

(7) Oil gauge (dipstick)

SEBU8728 15

General Information

Model View Illustrations

Illustration 13 g03649452

Typical example

(8) Air intake (9) Oil filler (10) Front lifting eye (11) Alternator (12) Exhaust elbow

(13) Exhaust manifold (14) Turbocharger (15) Fuel priming pump (16) Starting motor (17) Oil pan

(18) Drain plug (oil) (19) Drain plug (coolant) (20) Rear lifting eye

16 SEBU8728 General Information

Model View Illustrations

1106A-70TA, 1106C-70TA, and 1106D-70TA Engines

Illustration 14 g02344959

Typical example

(1) Crankcase breather (2) Secondary fuel filters (3) Primary fuel filter (4) Oil sampling valve

(5) Oil filter (6) Fuel injection pump (7) Oil gauge (dipstick) (8) Water pump

(9) Fan pulley (10) Damper (11) Fan

SEBU8728 17

General Information

Product Description

Illustration 15 g02344960

Typical example

(12) Air intake (13) Oil filler (14) Front lifting eye (15) Alternator (16) Exhaust elbow

Product Description

(17) Exhaust manifold (18) Turbocharger (19) Fuel priming pump (20) Starting motor (21) Oil pan

i05749111

(22) Drain plug (oil) (23) Drain plug (coolant) (24) Rear lifting eye

Engine Specifications

Note: The front end of the engine is opposite the

flywheel end of the engine. The left and the right sides of the engine are determined from the flywheel

The Perkins 1106A-70T, 1106A-70TA, 1106C-70TA,

end. The number 1 cylinder is the front cylinder.

and 1106D-70TA Industrial Engines have the following characteristics.

• In-line 6 cylinder

• Four stroke cycle

• Two valves in each cylinder

18 SEBU8728 General Information

Product Description

(Table 2, contd)

Bore 105 mm (4.13385 inch)

Stroke 135 mm (5.31495 inch)

Illustration 16 g00939480

Cylinder and valve location

(A) Inlet valve (B) Exhaust valve

Table 1

Engine Specifications for the 1106A-70Tengine

Operating Range (rpm) 1500 to 1575

Number of Cylinders

Bore 105 mm (4.13385 inch)

Stroke 135 mm (5.31495 inch)

Aspiration Turbocharged

1800 to 1890

6 In-Line

(1)

(2)

Aspiration Turbocharged

Compression Ratio for 1106A70TA engine

Compression Ratio for 1106C70TA engine

Displacement 7.01 L (427.78 cubic inch)

Firing Order

Rotation (flywheel end)

Valve Lash Setting (Inlet) 0.35 mm (0.013 inch)

Valve Lash Setting (Exhaust) 0.45 mm (0.018 inch)

(1)

The operating rpm is dependent on the engine rating, the application, and the configuration of the throttle.

Table 3

Engine Specifications for the 1106D-70TA engine

Operating Range (rpm)

Number of Cylinders

Bore 105 mm (4.13385 inch)

Stroke 135 mm (5.31495 inch)

Turbocharged aftercooled

16:1

18.5:1

1-5-3-6-2-4

Counterclockwise

800 to 2400

6 In-Line

(1)

Compression Ratio for 1106A70TA engine

Compression Ratio for 1106C70TA engine

Displacement 7.01 L (427.78 cubic inch)

Firing Order

Rotation (flywheel end)

Valve Lash Setting (Inlet) 0.35 mm (0.013 inch)

Valve Lash Setting (Exhaust) 0.45 mm (0.018 inch)

(1)

For fixed speed applications with a frequency of 50Hz, the operating rpm is dependent on the engine rating, and the application.

(2)

For fixed speed applications with a frequency of 60Hz, the operating rpm is dependent on the engine rating, and the application.

Table 2

Engine Specifications for the 1106A-70TA and 1106C-70TA

Operating Range (rpm)

Number of Cylinders

engines

16:1

18.2:1

1-5-3-6-2-4

Counterclockwise

900 to 2800

6 In-Line

(1)

Aspiration Turbocharged aftercooled

Compression Ratio

Displacement 7.01 L (427.78 cubic inch)

Firing Order

Rotation (flywheel end)

Valve Lash Setting (Inlet) 0.35 mm (0.013 inch)

Valve Lash Setting (Exhaust) 0.45 mm (0.018 inch)

(1)

The operating rpm is dependent on the engine rating, the application, and the configuration of the throttle.

18.2:1

1-5-3-6-2-4

Counterclockwise

Engine Cooling and Lubrication

The cooling system consists of the following components:

• Gear-driven centrifugal water pump

• Water temperature regulator which regulates the engine coolant temperature

• Gear-driven rotor type oil pump

• Oil cooler

(continued)

SEBU8728 19

General Information

Product Description

The engine lubricating oil is supplied by a rotor type oil pump. The engine lubricating oil is cooled and the engine lubricating oil is filtered. The bypass valve can provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the engine if the oil filter element should become plugged.

Engine efficiency, efficiency of emission controls, and engine performance depend on adherence to proper operation and maintenance recommendations. Engine performance and efficiency also depend on the use of recommended fuels, lubrication oils, and

coolants. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule” for more

information on maintenance items.

20 SEBU8728 Product Identification Information

Plate Locations and Film Locations

Product Identification Information

i04149629

Plate Locations and Film Locations

Illustration 18 g02433756

Typical example

i05748971

Emissions Certification Film

Illustration 17 g02342316

A typical example of the location of the serial number plate

Perkins engines are identified by an engine serial number.

An example of an engine number is P*****R000001V.

***** The list number for the engine

P- Type of engine

R Built-in China

000001 Engine Serial Number

V Year of Manufacture

Illustrations 20 and 20 show typical examples of the emissions certification film. The emissions

certification film can be located on the top of the valve mechanism cover.

Perkins dealers or Perkins distributors need all of these numbers in order to determine the components

that were included with the engine. This permits accurate identification of replacement part numbers.

Serial Number Plate (1)

The engine serial number plate is located on the left side of the cylinder block to the rear of the front engine mounting.

SEBU8728 21

Product Identification Information

Reference Information

Illustration 19 g02433816

Typical example

Illustration 20 g03649615

Typical example

i04149638

Reference Information

Information for the following items may be needed to order parts. Locate the information for your engine. Record the information in the appropriate space. Make a copy of this list for a record. Keep the information for future reference.

Record for Reference

Engine Model

Engine Serial number

Engine Low Idle rpm

Engine Full Load rpm

Primary Fuel Filter

Water Separator Element

22 SEBU8728 Product Identification Information

Reference Information

Secondary Fuel Filter Element

Lubrication Oil Filter Element

Auxiliary Oil Filter Element

Total Lubrication System Capacity

Total Cooling System Capacity

Air Cleaner Element

Fan Drive Belt

Alternator Belt

SEBU8728 23

Operation Section

Product Lifting

Operation Section

Lifting and Storage

Product Lifting

i02677363

i04151489

Product Storage

Perkins are not responsible for damage which may occur when an engine is in storage after a period in service.

Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor can assist in preparing the engine for extended storage periods.

Condition for Storage

The engine must be stored in a water proof building. The building must be kept at a constant temperature. Engines that are filled with Perkins ELC will have coolant protection to an ambient temperature of

−36° C (−32.8° F). The engine must not be subjected

to extreme variations in temperature and humidity.

Storage Period

An engine can be stored for up to 6 months provided all the recommendation are adhered to.

Illustration 21 g00103219

NOTICE Never bend the eyebolts and the brackets. Only load the eyebolts and the brackets under tension. Remember that the capacity of an eyebolt is less as the angle between the supporting members and the object becomes less than 90 degrees.

When it is necessary to remove a component at an angle, only use a link bracket that is properly rated for the weight.

Use a hoist to remove heavy components. Use an adjustable lifting beam to lift the engine. All supporting members (chains and cables) should be parallel to each other. The chains and cables should be perpendicular to the top of the object that is being lifted.

Some removals require lifting the fixtures in order to obtain proper balance and safety.

To remove the engine ONLY, use the lifting eyes that are on the engine.

Lifting eyes are designed and installed for specific engine arrangements. Alterations to the lifting eyes and/or the engine make the lifting eyes and the lifting fixtures obsolete. If alterations are made, ensure that

proper lifting devices are provided. Consult your Perkins dealer for information regarding fixtures for proper engine lifting.

Storage Procedure

Keep a record of the procedure that has been completed on the engine.

Note: Do not store an engine that has biodiesel in the fuel system.

1. Ensure that the engine is clean and dry.

a. If the engine has been operated using

biodiesel, the system must be drained and new filters installed. The fuel tank will require flushing.

b. Fill the fuel system with an acceptable fuel. For

more information on acceptable fuels refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid recommendations”. Operate the engine for 15 minutes in order to remove all biodiesel from the system.

2. Drain any water from the primary filter water separator. Ensure that the fuel tank is full.

3. The engine oil will not need to be drained in order to store the engine. Provided the correct specification of engine oil is used the engine can be stored for up to 6 months. For the correct specification of engine oil refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid recommendations”.

4. Remove the drive belt from the engine.

24 SEBU8728 Lifting and Storage

Product Storage

Sealed Coolant System

Ensure that the cooling system is filled with Perkins ELC, or an antifreeze that meets “ASTM D6210”

specification.

Open Cooling System

Ensure that all cooling drain plugs have been opened. Allow the coolant to drain. Install the drain plugs. Place a vapor phase inhibitor into the system. The coolant system must be sealed once the vapor phase inhibitor has been introduced. The effect of the vapor phase inhibitor will be lost if the cooling system is open to the atmosphere.

For maintenance procedures refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual.

Monthly Checks

The crankshaft must be rotated in order to change the spring loading on the valve train. Rotate the crankshaft more than 180 degrees. Visibly check for damage or corrosion to the engine.

Ensure that the engine is covered completely before storage. Log the procedure in the record for the engine.

SEBU8728 25

Features and Controls

Alarms and Shutoffs

Features and Controls

i04149634

Alarms and Shutoffs

Shutoffs

Shutoffs and alarms are electrically operated or mechanically operated. The operation of all electric shutoffs and alarms utilize components which actuate switches in a sensing unit.

Shutoffs are set at critical levels for the following items: operating temperature, operating pressure, operating level and operating rpm. The particular shutoff may need to be reset before the engine will start.

NOTICE Always determine the cause of the engine shutdown. Make necessary repairs before attempting to restart the engine.

Be familiar with the following items:

If corrective measures are not taken within a reasonable time, engine damage could result. The

alarm will continue until the condition is corrected. The alarm may need to be reset.

A switch may be installed in the alarm while the engine is stopped for repairs. Before the engine is started, ensure that the switch is moved to the ON

position and that the warning lights are flashing. The engine will not be protected if the switch is left in the OFF position.

Testing the Shutoff and Alarm System

Most control panels are equipped with a lamp test switch. Turn the switch to the ON position in order to check the indicator lights for proper operation. Replace worn bulbs immediately.

NOTICE During testing, abnormal operating conditions must be simulated. Perform the tests correctly in order to help prevent possible engine damage.

Refer to the Service Manual for more information on testing procedures or consult your Perkins distributor.

• Types and locations of shutoff

• Conditions which cause each shutoff to function

• The resetting procedure that is required to restart the engine

Alarms

Alarms consist of a switch and a contactor. The switches are wired to the contactors. The contactors activate alarm circuits in an annunciator panel. Your

engine may be equipped with the following switches:

Engine oil pressure – The engine oil pressure switch indicates when oil pressure drops below rated

system pressure.

Coolant temperature – The coolant temperature switch indicates high jacket water coolant temperature.

Note: The sensing element of the coolant temperature switch must be submerged in coolant in order to operate.

Engines may be equipped with alarms in order to alert the operator when undesirable operating conditions occur.

NOTICE When an alarm is activated, corrective measures must be taken before the situation becomes an emergency in order to avoid possible engine damage.

i02677374

Gauges and Indicators

Your engine may not have the same gauges or all of the gauges that are described. For more information about the gauge package, see the OEM information.

Gauges provide indications of engine performance. Ensure that the gauges are in good working order. Determine the normal operating range by observing the gauges over a period of time.

Noticeable changes in gauge readings indicate potential gauge or engine problems. Problems may also be indicated by gauge readings that change even if the readings are within specifications. Determine and correct the cause of any significant change in the readings. Consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for assistance.

NOTICE If no oil pressure is indicated, STOP maximum coolant temperature is exceeded, STOP the engine. Engine damage can result.

Engine Oil Pressure – The oil pressure should be greatest after a cold engine is

started. The typical engine oil pressure with SAE10W30 is 207 to 413 kPa (30 to 60 psi) at rated rpm.

the engine. If

26 SEBU8728 Features and Controls

Monitoring System

A lower oil pressure is normal at low idle. If the load is stable and the gauge reading changes, perform the following procedure:

1. Remove the load.

2. Reduce engine speed to low idle.

3. Check and maintain the oil level.

Jacket Water Coolant Temperature – Typical temperature range is 71 to 96°C

(160 to 205°F). The maximum allowable temperature with the pressurized cooling system at 48 kPa (7 psi) is 110°C (230°F). Higher temperatures may occur under certain conditions. The water temperature reading may vary according to load. The reading should never exceed the boiling point for the pressurized system that is being used.

If the engine is operating above the normal range and steam becomes apparent, perform the following procedure:

1. Reduce the load and the engine rpm.

2. Inspect the cooling system for leaks.

i04149641

Monitoring System

If the Shutdown mode has been selected and the warning indicator activates, engine shutdown may take as little as 20 seconds from the time the warning indicator is activated. Depending on the application, special precautions should be taken to avoid personal injury. The engine can be restarted following shutdown for emergency maneuvers, if necessary.

NOTICE The Engine Monitoring System is not a guarantee against catastrophic failures. Programmed delays and derate schedules are designed to minimize false alarms and provide time for the operator to stop the engine.

The following parameters are monitored:

3. Determine if the engine must be shut down immediately or if the engine can be cooled by reducing the load.

Tachometer – This gauge indicates engine speed (rpm). When the throttle

control lever is moved to the full throttle position without load, the engine is running at high idle. The engine is running at the full load rpm when the throttle control lever is at the full throttle position with maximum rated load.

NOTICE To help prevent engine damage, never exceed the high idle rpm. Overspeeding can result in serious damage to the engine. The engine can be operated at high idle without damage, but should never be allowed to exceed high idle rpm.

Ammeter – This gauge indicates the amount of charge or discharge in the battery charging circuit. Operation of the

indicator should be to the right side of ““0”” (zero).

Fuel Level – This gauge indicates the fuel level in the fuel tank. The fuel level gauge operates when the ““START/

STOP”” switch is in the ““ON”” position.

• Coolant temperature

• Oil pressure

• Engine speed/timing

For more information or assistance for repairs, consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor.

i04149631

Overspeed

An electronic control governor can be installed to the engine. An overspeed condition is detected by the electronic control governor. Refer to Special Instruction Governor One (LCG1) and Perkins Logic Control Governor Two (LCG2)” for more information.

, KENR6206,

“Perkins Logic Control

Service Hour Meter – The gauge indicates operating time of the engine.

SEBU8728 27

Features and Controls

Sensors and Electrical Components

i05741584

Sensors and Electrical Components

Switch Locations

Illustration 22 shows the typical locations of the switches for the 1106A-70T, 1106A-70TA, 1106C-

70TA and 1106D-70TA Industrial Engines. Specific engines may appear different from the illustration due to differences in applications.

Illustration 22 g02344977

Typical example

(1) Coolant temperature switch (2) Electronic control governor (if equipped) (3) Oil pressure switch

28 SEBU8728 Features and Controls

Sensors and Electrical Components

Illustration 23 g02345016

Typical example

(1) Coolant temperature switch (2) Electronic control governor (if equipped) (3) Oil pressure switch

The illustration 23 shows the switches in position on the engine.

Failure of Switches

All Switches

A failure of any of the switches may be caused by one of the following malfunctions:

• Switch output is open.

• Switch output is shorted to “- battery” or “+

battery” .

• Measured reading of the switch is out of the

specification.

Coolant Temperature Switch 1

The coolant temperature switch monitors engine coolant temperature. The output can indicate a high coolant temperature through a relay or a lamp. The coolant temperature sensor is used to determine initiation of the Cold Start Condition.

Failure of the Coolant Temperature Switch

The diagnostic lamp will warn the operator about the status of the coolant temperature sensor. A failure of the coolant temperature sensor will not cause a shutdown of the engine or any horsepower change.

Electronic Control Governor 2 (If equipped)

If equipped, the electronic control governor controls the engine speed. Refer to Special Instruction, KENR6206, “Perkins Logic Control Governor One (LCG1) and Perkins Logic Control Governor Two (LCG2)” for more information.

Engine Oil Pressure Switch 3

The engine oil pressure switch detects engine oil pressure for diagnostic purposes.

Low Oil Pressure Warning

The setpoint for the low-pressure warning is dependent upon the engine speed. The fault will be active and logged only if the engine has been running for more than 8 seconds.

SEBU8728 29

Features and Controls

Sensors and Electrical Components

Very Low Oil Pressure Warning

The very low oil pressure setpoint is dependent upon the engine speed.

Failure of the Engine Oil Pressure Switch

The diagnostic lamp warns the user about the status of the engine oil pressure switch. The engine oil pressure-related strategies will be disabled in the event of a failure of the engine oil pressure switch. A failure of the engine oil pressure switch will not cause a shutdown of the engine or any horsepower change.

30 SEBU8728 Engine Starting

Before Starting Engine

Engine Starting

i02704617

Before Starting Engine

Perform the required daily maintenance and other periodic maintenance before the engine is started. Inspect the engine compartment. This inspection can help prevent major repairs at a later date. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, Interval Schedule” for more information.

• For the maximum service life of the engine, make

a thorough inspection before the engine is started. Look for the following items: oil leaks, coolant leaks, loose bolts and trash buildup. Remove trash buildup and arrange for repairs, as needed.

• Inspect the cooling system hoses for cracks and

for loose clamps.

• Inspect the alternator and accessory drive belts for

cracks, breaks, and other damage.

• Inspect the wiring for loose connections and for

worn wires or frayed wires.

• Check the fuel supply. Drain water from the water

separator (if equipped). Open the fuel supply valve (if equipped).

NOTICE All valves in the fuel return line must be open before and during engine operation to help prevent high fuel pressure. High fuel pressure may cause filter housing failure or other damage.

If the engine has not been started for several weeks, fuel may have drained from the fuel system. Air may have entered the filter housing. Also, when fuel filters have been changed, some air pockets will be trapped in the engine. In these instances, prime the fuel system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System - Prime” for more information on priming the fuel system.

“Maintenance

• Do not start the engine or move any of the controls if there is a “DO NOT OPERATE” warning tag or similar warning tag attached to the start switch or to the controls.

• Ensure that the areas around the rotating parts are clear.

• All of the guards must be put in place. Check for damaged guards or for missing guards. Repair any damaged guards. Replace damaged guards and/ or missing guards.

• Disconnect any battery chargers that are not protected against the high current drain that is created when the electric starting motor (if equipped) is engaged. Check electrical cables and check the battery for poor connections and for corrosion.

• Reset all of the shutoffs or alarm components (if equipped).

• Check the engine lubrication oil level. Maintain the oil level between the “MIN” mark and the “MAX” mark on the oil level gauge.

• Check the coolant level. Observe the coolant level in the coolant recovery tank (if equipped). Maintain the coolant level to the “FULL” mark on the coolant recovery tank.

• If the engine is not equipped with a coolant recovery tank maintain the coolant level within 13 mm (0.5 inch) of the bottom of the filler pipe. If the engine is equipped with a sight glass, maintain the coolant level in the sight glass.

• Observe the air cleaner service indicator (if equipped). Service the air cleaner when the yellow diaphragm enters the red zone, or when the red piston locks in the visible position.

• Ensure that any driven equipment has been disengaged. Minimize electrical loads or remove any electrical loads.

i02710719

Cold Weather Starting

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion which may be harmful to your health. Always start and operate the engine in a well ventilated area and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the outside.

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.

SEBU8728 31

Engine Starting

Starting the Engine

Startability will be improved at temperatures below

−18 °C (0 °F) from the use of a jacket water heater or extra battery capacity.

When Group 2 diesel fuel is used, the following items provide a means of minimizing starting problems and fuel problems in cold weather: engine oil pan heaters, jacket water heaters, fuel heaters and fuel line insulation.

Use the procedure that follows for cold weather starting.

1. If equipped, move the throttle lever to the full throttle position before you start the engine.

2. If equipped, turn the engine start switch to the HEAT position. Hold the engine start switch in the HEAT position for 6 seconds until the glow plug indicator light illuminates. This will activate the glow plugs and aid in the starting of the engine.

NOTICE Do not crank the engine for more than 30 seconds. Allow the electric starting motor to cool for two minutes before cranking the engine again.

3. While the glow plug indicator light is illuminated,

turn the engine start switch to the START position and crank the engine.

Note: If the glow plug indicator light illuminates rapidly for 2 to 3 seconds, or if the glow plug indicator light fails to illuminate, a malfunction exists in the cold start system. Do not use ether or other starting fluids to start the engine.

i02710653

Starting the Engine

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.

Refer to the OMM for your type of controls. Use the following procedure to start the engine.

1. If equipped, move the throttle lever to the full throttle position before you start the engine.

NOTICE Do not crank the engine for more than 30 seconds. Allow the electric starting motor to cool for two minutes before cranking the engine again.

2. Turn the engine start switch to the START position.

Hold the engine start switch in the START position and crank the engine.

3. When the engine starts, release the engine start

switch.

4. If equipped, slowly move the throttle lever to the

low idle position and allow the engine to idle. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “After Starting Engine” topic.

4. When the engine starts, release the engine start switch key.

5. If the engine does not start, release the engine start switch and allow the starting motor to cool. Then, repeat steps 2 through step 4.

6. If the engine is equipped with a throttle allow the engine to idle for three to five minutes, or allow the engine to idle until the water temperature indicator begins to rise. The engine should run at low idle smoothly until speed is gradually increased to high idle. Allow the white smoke to disperse before proceeding with normal operation.

7. Operate the engine at low load until all systems reach operating temperature. Check the gauges during the warm-up period.

8. Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position in order to stop the engine.

5. If the engine does not start, release the engine start switch and allow the electric starting motor to cool. Then, repeat steps 2 through step 4.

6. Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position in order to stop the engine.

i02678837

Starting with Jump Start Cables

Improper jump start cable connections can cause an explosion resulting in personal injury.

Prevent sparks near the batteries. Sparks could cause vapors to explode. Do not allow jump start

cable ends to contact each other or the engine.

32 SEBU8728 Engine Starting

After Starting Engine

Note: If it is possible, first diagnose the reason for the starting failure. Make any necessary repairs. If the engine will not start only due to the condition of the battery, either charge the battery, or start the engine with jump start cables. The condition of the battery can be rechecked after the engine has been switched OFF.

NOTICE Using a battery source with the same voltage as the electric starting motor. Use ONLY equal voltage for jump starting. The use of higher voltage will damage the electrical system.

Do not reverse the battery cables. The alternator can be damaged. Attach ground cable last and remove first.

When using an external electrical source to start the engine, turn the generator set control switch to the “OFF” position. Turn all electrical accessories OFF before attaching the jump start cables.

Ensure that the main power switch is in the OFF position before attaching the jump start cables to the engine being started.

1. Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn off

all the engine's accessories.

i02710753

After Starting Engine

Note: In temperatures from 0 to 60°C (32 to 140°F),

the warm-up time is approximately three minutes. In temperatures below 0°C (32°F), additional warm-up time may be required.

When the engine idles during warm-up, observe the following conditions:

• Check for any fluid or for any air leaks at idle rpm and at one-half full rpm (no load on the engine) before operating the engine under load. This is not possible in some applications.

• Operate the engine at low idle until all systems achieve operating temperatures. Check all gauges during the warm-up period.

Note: Gauge readings should be observed and the data should be recorded frequently while the engine is operating. Comparing the data over time will help to determine normal readings for each gauge. Comparing data over time will also help detect abnormal operating developments. Significant changes in the readings should be investigated.

2. Connect one positive end of the jump start cable to the positive cable terminal of the discharged battery. Connect the other positive end of the jump start cable to the positive cable terminal of the electrical source.

3. Connect one negative end of the jump start cable to the negative cable terminal of the electrical source. Connect the other negative end of the jump start cable to the engine block or to the chassis ground. This procedure helps to prevent potential sparks from igniting the combustible gases that are produced by some batteries.

4. Start the engine.

5. Immediately after the stalled engine is started,

disconnect the jump start cables in reverse order.

After jump starting, the alternator may not be able to fully recharge batteries that are severely discharged. The batteries must be replaced or charged to the correct voltage with a battery charger after the engine is stopped. Many batteries which are considered unusable are still rechargeable. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Battery - Replace” and Testing and Adjusting Manual, “Battery - Test”.

SEBU8728 33

Engine Operation Engine Operation

Engine Operation

i02708025

Engine Operation

Proper operation and maintenance are key factors in obtaining the maximum life and economy of the engine. If the directions in the Operation and Maintenance Manual are followed, costs can be

minimized and engine service life can be maximized.

The time that is needed for the engine to reach normal operating temperature can be less than the time taken for a walk-around inspection of the engine.

The engine can be operated at the rated rpm after the engine is started and after the engine reaches operating temperature. The engine will reach normal operating temperature sooner during a low engine speed (rpm) and during a low power demand. This procedure is more ef no load. The engine should reach operating temperature in a few minutes.

Gauge readings should be observed and the data should be recorded frequently while the engine is operating. Comparing the data over time will help to determine normal readings for each gauge. Comparing data over time will also help detect abnormal operating developments. Significant changes in the readings should be investigated.

fective

than idling the engine at

• Observe the air cleaner service indicator frequently. Keep the air cleaner elements clean.

• Maintain the electrical systems.

One damaged battery cell will overwork the alternator. This will consume excess power and excess fuel.

• Ensure that the drive belts are correctly adjusted. The drive belts should be in good condition.

• Ensure that all of the connections of the hoses are tight. The connections should not leak.

• Ensure that the driven equipment is in good working order.

• Cold engines consume excess fuel. Utilize heat from the jacket water system and the exhaust system, when possible. Keep cooling system components clean and keep cooling system components in good repair. Never operate the engine without water temperature regulators. All of these items will help maintain operating temperatures.

i02330149

Fuel Conservation Practices

The efficiency economy. Perkins design and technology in manufacturing provides maximum fuel efficiency in all applications. Follow the recommended procedures in order to attain optimum performance for the life of the engine.

• Avoid spilling fuel.

Fuel expands when the fuel is warmed up. The fuel may overflow from the fuel tank. Inspect fuel lines for leaks. Repair the fuel lines, as needed.

• Be aware of the properties of the different fuels. Use only the recommended fuels.

• Avoid unnecessary idling.

Shut off the engine rather than idle for long periods of time.

of the engine can affect the fuel

34 SEBU8728 Cold Weather Operation

Cold Weather Operation

i04149833

Cold Weather Operation

Perkins Diesel Engines can operate effectively weather. During cold weather, the starting and the operation of the diesel engine is dependent on the following items:

• The type of fuel that is used

• The viscosity of the engine oil

• The operation of the glow plugs

• Battery condition

This section will cover the following information:

• Potential problems that are caused by coldweather operation

• Suggest steps which can be taken in order to minimize starting problems and operating problems when the ambient air temperature is between 0° to−40 °C (32° to 40 °F).

in cold

Hints for Cold Weather Operation

• If the engine will start, operate the engine until a minimum operating temperature of 80° C (176° F) is achieved. Achieving operating temperature will help prevent the intake valves and exhaust valves from sticking.

• The cooling system and the lubrication system for the engine do not lose heat immediately upon shutdown. This means that an engine can be shut down for a period and the engine can still have the ability to start readily.

• Install the correct specification of engine lubricant before the beginning of cold weather.

• Check all rubber parts (hoses, fan drive belts,) weekly.

• Check all electrical wiring and connections for any fraying or damaged insulation.

• Keep all batteries fully charged and warm.

• Fill the fuel tank at the end of each shift.

• Check the air cleaners and the air intake daily. Check the air intake more often when you operate in snow.

The operation and maintenance of an engine in freezing temperatures is complex . This complexity is because of the following conditions:

• Weather conditions

• Engine applications

Recommendations from your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor are based on past proven practices. The information that is contained in this section provides guidelines for cold-weather operation.

• Ensure that the glow plugs are in working order. Refer to Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting, “Glow Plug - Test”.

Personal injury or property damage can result from alcohol or starting fluids.

Alcohol or starting fluids are highly flammable and toxic and if improperly stored could result in injury or property damage.

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.

• For jump starting with cables in cold weather, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Starting with Jump Start Cables.” for instructions.

SEBU8728 35

Cold Weather Operation Cold Weather Operation

Viscosity of the Engine Lubrication Oil

Correct engine oil viscosity is essential. Oil viscosity affects the amount of torque that is needed to crank the engine. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations” for the

recommended viscosity of oil.

Recommendations for the Coolant

Provide cooling system protection for the lowest expected outside temperature. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations” for the recommended coolant

mixture.

In cold weather, check the coolant often for the correct glycol concentration in order to ensure

adequate freeze protection.

Engine Block Heaters

Engine block heaters (if equipped) heat the engine jacket water that surrounds the combustion chambers. This heat provides the following functions:

• Startability is improved.

When the engine is operated below normal operating temperatures, fuel and oil are not completely burned in the combustion chamber. This fuel and oil causes

soft carbon deposits to form on the valve stems. Generally, the deposits do not cause problems and the deposits are burned off during operation at normal engine operating temperatures.

When starting and stopping an engine many times without being operated in order to warm up completely, the carbon deposits become thicker. This starting and stopping can cause the following problems:

• Free operation of the valves is prevented.

• Valves become stuck.

• Pushrods may become bent.

• Other damage to valve train components can result.

For this reason, when the engine is started, the engine must be operated until the coolant temperature is 80° C (176° F) minimum. Carbon deposits on the valve stems will be kept at a minimum and the free operation of the valves and the valve components will be maintained.

• Warm up time is reduced.

An electric block heater can be activated once the engine is stopped. A block heater can be 110 VDC or

240 VDC. The output can be 750/1000 W. Consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for more information.

Idling the Engine

When idling after the engine is started in cold weather, increase the engine rpm from 1000 to 1200 rpm. This idling will warm up the engine more quickly. Maintaining an elevated low idle speed for extended periods will be easier with the installation of a hand throttle. The engine should not be “raced” in order to speed up the warm-up process.

While the engine is idling, the application of a light load (parasitic load) will assist in achieving the minimum operating temperature. The minimum operating temperature is 80° C (176° F).

Recommendations for Coolant Warm Up

Warm up an engine that has cooled below normal operating temperatures due to inactivity. This warn

-up should be performed before the engine is returned to full operation. During operation in very cold temperature conditions, damage to engine valve mechanisms can result from engine operation for short intervals. This damage can happen if the engine is started and the engine is stopped many times without being operated in order to warm up completely.

The engine must be thoroughly warmed in order to keep other engine parts in better condition. The service life of the engine will be generally extended. Lubrication will be improved. There will be less acid and less sludge in the oil. This condition will provide longer service life for the engine bearings, the piston rings, and other parts. However, limit unnecessary idle time to10 minutes in order to reduce wear and

unnecessary fuel consumption.

The Water Temperature Regulator and Insulated Heater Lines

The engine is equipped with a water temperature regulator. When the engine coolant is below the correct operating temperature, jacket water circulates through the engine cylinder block and into the engine cylinder head. The coolant then returns to the cylinder block via an internal passage that bypasses the valve of the coolant temperature regulator. This ensures that coolant flows around the engine under cold operating conditions. The water temperature regulator begins to open when the engine jacket water has reached the correct minimum operating temperature. As the jacket water coolant temperature rises above the minimum operating temperature, the water temperature regulator opens further allowing more coolant through the radiator to dissipate excess heat.

The progressive opening of the water temperature regulator operates the progressive closing of the bypass passage between the cylinder block and head. This action ensures maximum coolant flow to

the radiator in order to achieve maximum heat dissipation.

36 SEBU8728 Cold Weather Operation

Fuel and the Effect from Cold Weather

Note: Do not restrict the air flow. Restriction of the air flow can damage the fuel system. Perkins discourages the use of all air flow restriction devices such as radiator shutters. Restriction of the air flow can result in the following: high exhaust temperatures, power loss, excessive fan usage and reduction in fuel economy.

A cab heater is beneficial in very cold weather. The feed from the engine and the return lines from the cab should be insulated in order to reduce heat loss to the

outside air.

Recommendation for Crankcase Breather Protection

Crankcase ventilation gases contain a large quantity of water vapor. This water vapor can freeze in cold ambient conditions and can plug or damage the crankcase ventilation system. If the engine is operated in temperatures below −25° C (−13° F), measures must be taken to prevent freezing and plugging of the breather system. Insulated hoses and a heated canister assembly should be installed.

Consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributer for the recommended breather

components for operation from −25° to -40°C (−13° to -72.°F).

i04149851

Fuel and the Effect from Cold

Be aware of these facts when diesel fuel is purchased. Consider the average ambient air

temperature for the engine's application. Engines that are fueled in one climate may not operate well if the engines are moved to another climate. Problems can result due to changes in temperature.

Before troubleshooting for low power or for poor performance in the winter, check the fuel for waxing.

Low temperature fuels may be available for engine operation at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F). These fuels limit the formation of wax in the fuel at low

temperatures.

For more information on cold-weather operation, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Cold Weather Operation and Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather”.

i04149871

Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather

Fuel Tanks

Condensation can form in partially filled fuel tanks. Top off the fuel tanks after you operate the engine.

Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining water and sediment from the bottom of the tanks.

Weather

Note: Only use grades of fuel that are recommended

by Perkins. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations”.

The following components provide a means of minimizing problems in cold weather:

• Glow plugs (if equipped)

• Engine coolant heaters, which may be an OEM option

• Fuel heaters, which may be an OEM option

• Fuel line insulation, which may be an OEM option

The cloud point is a temperature that allows wax crystals to form in the fuel. These crystals can cause the fuel filters to plug.

The pour point is the temperature when diesel fuel will thicken. The diesel fuel becomes more resistant to

flow through fuel lines, fuel filters, and fuel pumps.

Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel

supply pipe.

Some fuel tanks use supply lines that take fuel directly from the bottom of the tank. If the engine is equipped with this system, regular maintenance of the fuel system filter is important.

Drain the water and sediment from any fuel storage tank at the following intervals: weekly, service intervals and refueling of the fuel tank. This will help prevent water and/or sediment from being pumped from the fuel storage tank and into the engine fuel tank.

Fuel Filters

A primary fuel filter is installed between the fuel tank and the engine fuel inlet. After you change the fuel filter, always prime the fuel system in order to remove air bubbles from the fuel system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual in the Maintenance Section for more information on priming the fuel system.

The location of a primary fuel filter is important in cold-weather operation. The primary fuel filter and the fuel supply line are the most common components that are affected by cold fuel.

SEBU8728 37

Cold Weather Operation

Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather

Fuel Heaters

Note: The OEM may equip the application with fuel

heaters. If so, the temperature of the fuel must not exceed 73 °C (163 °F) at the fuel transfer pump.

For more information about fuel heaters (if equipped), refer to the OEM information.

38 SEBU8728 Engine Stopping

Stopping the Engine

Engine Stopping

i02334873

Stopping the Engine

NOTICE Stopping the engine immediately after it has been working under load, can result in overheating and accelerated wear of the engine components.

Avoid accelerating the engine prior to shutting it down.

Avoiding hot engine shutdowns will maximize turbocharger shaft and bearing life.

Note: Individual applications will have different control systems. Ensure that the shutoff procedures are understood. Use the following general guidelines in order to stop the engine.

1. Remove the load from the engine. Reduce the

engine speed (rpm) to low idle. Allow the engine to idle for five minutes in order to cool the engine.

2. Stop the engine after the cool down period

according to the shutoff system on the engine and turn the ignition key switch to the OFF position. If necessary, refer to the instructions that are provided by the OEM.

i01903586

Emergency Stopping

i02704619

After Stopping Engine

Note: Before you check the engine oil, do not operate

the engine for at least 10 minutes in order to allow the engine oil to return to the oil pan.

• Check the crankcase oil level. Maintain the oil level between the “ the oil level dipstick.

• If necessary, perform minor adjustments. Repair any leaks and tighten any loose bolts.

• Note the required service interval. Perform the maintenance that is in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule”.

• Fill the fuel tank in order to help prevent accumulation of moisture in the fuel. Do not overfill the fuel tank.

Only use antifreeze/coolant mixtures recommended in the Refill Capacities and Recommendations topic that is in this Operation and Maintenance Manual. Failure to do so can cause engine damage.

• Allow the engine to cool. Check the coolant level.

• If freezing temperatures are expected, check the coolant for the correct antifreeze protection. The cooling system must be protected against freezing to the lowest expected outside temperature. Add the correct coolant/water mixture, if necessary.

MIN

” mark and the “MAX” mark on

NOTICE

NOTICE Emergency shutoff controls are for EMERGENCY use ONLY. DO NOT use emergency shutoff devices or controls for normal stopping procedure.

The OEM may have equipped the application with an emergency stop button. For more information about the emergency stop button, refer to the OEM information.

Ensure that any components for the external system that support the engine operation are secured after the engine is stopped.

• Perform all required periodic maintenance on all driven equipment. This maintenance is outlined in the instructions from the OEM.

SEBU8728 39

Maintenance Section

Refill Capacities

Maintenance Section

Refill Capacities

i04145950

Refill Capacities

Lubrication System

The refill capacities for the engine crankcase reflect the approximate capacity of the crankcase or sump plus standard oil filters. Auxiliary oil filter systems will require additional oil. Refer to the OEM specifications for the capacity of the auxiliary oil filter. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Section” for more information on Lubricant

Specifications.

Table 4

Engine

Refill Capacities

Compartment or System

Crankcase Oil Sump

(1)

These values are the approximate capacities for the crankcase oil sump (aluminum) which includes the standard factory installed oil filters. Engines with auxiliary oil filters will require additional oil. Refer to the OEM specifications for the capacity of the auxiliary oil filter.

(1)

Cooling System

To maintain the cooling system, the Total Cooling System capacity must be known. The approximate capacity for the engine cooling system is listed below. External System capacities will vary among applications. Refer to the OEM specifications for the External System capacity. This capacity information will be needed in order to determine the amount of

coolant/antifreeze that is required for the Total Cooling System.

Table 5

Engine

Refill Capacities

Compartment or System

Engine Only 9 L (9.5102 qt)

External System Per OEM

(1)

The External System includes a radiator or an expansion tank with the following components: heat exchanger and piping. Refer to the OEM specifications. Enter the value for the capacity of the External System in this row.

(1)

Minimum Maximum

13.5 L

(14.2653 qt)

16.5 L

(17.4354 qt)

Liters

i04151509

Fluid Recommendations

(Coolant Information)

General Coolant Information

NOTICE Never add coolant to an overheated engine. Engine damage could result. Allow the engine to cool first.

NOTICE If the engine is to be stored in, or shipped to an area with below freezing temperatures, the cooling system must be either protected to the lowest outside temperature or drained completely to prevent damage.

NOTICE Frequently check the specific gravity of the coolant for proper freeze protection or for anti-boil protection.

Clean the cooling system for the following reasons:

• Contamination of the cooling system

• Overheating of the engine

• Foaming of the coolant

NOTICE Never operate an engine without water temperature regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the proper operating temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without water temperature regulators.

Many engine failures are related to the cooling system. The following problems are related to cooling system failures: Overheating, leakage of the water pump and plugged radiators or heat exchangers.

These failures can be avoided with correct cooling system maintenance. Cooling system maintenance is as important as maintenance of the fuel system and the lubrication system. Quality of the coolant is as important as the quality of the fuel and the lubricating oil.

Coolant is normally composed of three elements: Water, additives and glycol.

Water

Water is used in the cooling system in order to transfer heat.

40 SEBU8728 Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

Distilled water or deionized water is recommended for use in engine cooling systems.

DO NOT use the following types of water in cooling systems: Hard water, softened water that has been conditioned with salt and sea water.

If distilled water or deionized water is not available, use water with the properties that are listed in Table 6 .

Table 6

Acceptable Water

Property

Chloride (Cl) 40 mg/L

Sulfate (SO

Total Hardness

Total Solids

Acidity pH of 5.5 to 9.0

) 100 mg/L

Maximum Limit

170 mg/L

340 mg/L

For a water analysis, consult one of the following sources:

• Local water utility company

• Agricultural agent

• Independent laboratory

Additives

Glycol

Glycol in the coolant helps to provide protection against the following conditions:

• Boiling

• Freezing

• Cavitation of the water pump

For optimum performance, Perkins recommends a 1:1 mixture of a water/glycol solution.

Note: Use a mixture that will provide protection against the lowest ambient temperature.

Note: 100 percent pure glycol will freeze at a temperature of −23 °C (−9 °F).

Most conventional antifreezes use ethylene glycol. Propylene glycol may also be used. In a 1:1 mixture with water, ethylene and propylene glycol provide similar protection against freezing and boiling. Refer to Table 7 and refer to table 8 .

Table 7

Ethylene Glycol

Concentration Freeze Protection

50 Percent

60 Percent

−36 °C (−33 °F)

−51 °C (−60 °F)

Additives help to protect the metal surfaces of the cooling system. A lack of coolant additives or insufficient amounts of additives enable the following conditions to occur:

• Corrosion

• Formation of mineral deposits

• Rust

• Scale

• Foaming of the coolant

Many additives are depleted during engine operation. These additives must be replaced periodically.

Additives must be added at the correct concentration. Overconcentration of additives can cause the inhibitors to drop out-of-solution. The deposits can

enable the following problems to occur:

• Formation of gel compounds

• Reduction of heat transfer

• Leakage of the water pump seal

• Plugging of radiators, coolers, and small passages

NOTICE Do not use propylene glycol in concentrations that exceed 50 percent glycol because of the reduced heat transfer capability of propylene glycol. Use ethylene glycol in conditions that require additional protection against boiling or freezing.

Table 8

Propylene Glycol

Concentration Freeze Protection

50 Percent

−29 °C (−20 °F)

To check the concentration of glycol in the coolant, measure the specific gravity of the coolant.

Coolant Recommendations

• ELC Extended Life Coolant

• SCA Supplement Coolant Additive

• ASTM American Society for Testing and

Materials

The following two coolants are used in Perkins diesel engines:

SEBU8728 41

Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

Preferred – Perkins ELC

Acceptable – A commercial heavy-duty antifreeze

that meets “ASTM D6210” specifications

NOTICE

The engines must be operated with a 1:1 mixture of water and glycol. This concentration allows the NOx reduction system to operate correctly at high ambient temperatures.

NOTICE Do not use a commercial coolant/antifreeze that only meets the ASTM D3306 specification. This type of coolant/antifreeze is made for light automotive applications.

Perkins recommends a 1:1 mixture of water and glycol. This mixture of water and glycol will provide

optimum heavy-duty performance as an antifreeze. This ratio may be increased to 1:2 water to glycol if extra freezing protection is required.

A mixture of SCA inhibitor and water is acceptable but will not give the same level of corrosion, boiling and, freezing protection as ELC. Perkins recommends a 6 percent to 8 percent concentration of SCA in those cooling systems. Distilled water or deionized water is preferred. Water which has the recommended properties may be used

Table 9

Coolant Service Life

Coolant Type

Perkins ELC

Commercial Heavy-Duty Anti-

freeze that meets “ASTM

Commercial Heavy-Duty Anti-

freeze that meets “ASTM

Perkins POWERPART SCA

Commercial SCA inhibitor and

(1)

Use the interval that occurs first. The cooling system must also be flushed out at this time.

D6210”

inhibitor

Water

3000 Service Hours or One Year

3000 Service Hours or Two Years

3000 Service Hours or One Year

Service Life

6,000 Service Hours or Three

Years

(1)

• Heavy-duty spark ignited gas engines

• Heavy-duty diesel engines

• Automotive applications

The anti-corrosion package for ELC is different from the anti-corrosion package for other coolants. ELC is an ethylene glycol base coolant. However, ELC contains organic corrosion inhibitors and antifoam agents with low amounts of nitrite. Perkins ELC has been formulated with the correct amount of these

additives in order to provide superior corrosion protection for all metals in engine cooling systems.

ELC is available in a premixed cooling solution with distilled water. ELC is a 1:1 mixture. The Premixed

ELC provides freeze protection to −36 °C (−33 °F). The Premixed ELC is recommended for the initial fill

of the cooling system. The Premixed ELC is also recommended for topping up the cooling system.

Containers of several sizes are available. Consult your Perkins distributor for the part numbers.

ELC Cooling System Maintenance

Correct additions to the Extended Life Coolant

NOTICE Use only Perkins products for pre-mixed or concentrated coolants.

Mixing Extended Life Coolant with other products reduces the Extended Life Coolant service life. Failure

to follow the recommendations can reduce cooling system components life unless appropriate corrective action is performed.

In order to maintain the correct balance between the antifreeze and the additives, you must maintain the

recommended concentration of ELC. Lowering the proportion of antifreeze lowers the proportion of additive. This will lower the ability of the coolant to protect the system from pitting, from cavitation, from erosion, and from deposits.

NOTICE Do not use a conventional coolant to top-off a cooling system that is filled with Extended Life Coolant (ELC).

Do not use standard supplemental coolant additive (SCA).

ELC

Perkins provides ELC for use in the following applications:

When using Perkins ELC, do not use standard SCA's or SCA filters.

42 SEBU8728 Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

ELC Cooling System Cleaning

Note: If the cooling system is already using ELC,

cleaning agents are not required to be used at the specified coolant change interval. Cleaning agents are only required if the system has been contaminated by the addition of some other type of coolant or by cooling system damage.

Clean water is the only cleaning agent that is required when ELC is drained from the cooling system.

Before the cooling system is filled, the heater control (if equipped) must be set to the HOT position. Refer to the OEM in order to set the heater control. After the

cooling system is drained and the cooling system is refilled, operate the engine until the coolant level reaches the normal operating temperature and until the coolant level stabilizes. As needed, add the

coolant mixture in order to fill the system to the specified level.

Changing to Perkins ELC

To change from heavy-duty antifreeze to the Perkins ELC, perform the following steps:

NOTICE Care must be taken to ensure that all fluids are contained during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and the repair of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

NOTICE Incorrect or incomplete flushing of the cooling system can result in damage to copper and other metal components.

To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure to completely flush the cooling system with clear water. Continue to flush the system until all the signs of the cleaning agent are gone.

7. Drain the cooling system into a suitable container

and flush the cooling system with clean water.

Note: The cooling system cleaner must be thoroughly flushed from the cooling system. Cooling system cleaner that is left in the system will contaminate the coolant. The cleaner may also corrode the cooling system.

8. Repeat Steps 6 and repeat steps 7 until the system

is completely clean.

9. Fill the cooling system with the Perkins Premixed

ELC.

ELC Cooling System Contamination

NOTICE Mixing ELC with other products reduces the effectiveness of the ELC and shortens the ELC service life. Use only Perkins Products for premixed or concentrate coolants. Failure to follow these recommendations can result in shortened cooling system component life.

1. Drain the coolant into a suitable container.

2. Dispose of the coolant according to local

regulations.

3. Flush the system with clean water in order to remove any debris.

4. Use Perkins cleaner to clean the system. Follow the instruction on the label.

5. Drain the cleaner into a suitable container. Flush the cooling system with clean water.

6. Fill the cooling system with clean water and operate the engine until the engine is warmed to 49° to 66°C (120° to 150°F).

ELC cooling systems can withstand contamination to a maximum of 10 percent of conventional heavy-duty antifreeze or SCA. If the contamination exceeds 10

percent of the total system capacity, perform ONE of the following procedures:

• Drain the cooling system into a suitable container. Dispose of the coolant according to local regulations. Flush the system with clean water. Fill the system with the Perkins ELC.

• Drain a portion of the cooling system into a suitable container according to local regulations. Then, fill the cooling system with premixed ELC. This procedure should lower the contamination to less than 10 percent.

• Maintain the system as a conventional Heavy-Duty Coolant. Treat the system with an SCA. Change the coolant at the interval that is recommended for the conventional Heavy-Duty Coolant.

SEBU8728 43

Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

Commercial Heavy-Duty Antifreeze and SCA

NOTICE Commercial Heavy-Duty Coolant which contains Amine as part of the corrosion protection system must not be used.

NOTICE Never operate an engine without water temperature regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the correct operating temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without water temperature regulators.

Check the antifreeze (glycol concentration) in order to ensure adequate protection against boiling or freezing. Perkins recommends the use of a refractometer for checking the glycol concentration. A hydrometer should not be used.

Perkins engine cooling systems should be tested at 500 hour intervals for the concentration of SCA.

Additions of SCA are based on the results of the test. An SCA that is liquid may be needed at 500 hour

intervals.

Refer to Table 10 for part numbers and for quantities of SCA.

Table 10

Perkins Liquid SCA

Part Number

21825735 10

Quantity

Adding the SCA to Heavy-Duty Coolant at the Initial Fill

Commercial heavy-duty antifreeze that meets “ASTM D4985” specifications MAY require an addition of SCA at the initial fill. Read the label or the instructions

that are provided by the OEM of the product.

Use the equation that is in Table 11 to determine the amount of Perkins SCA that is required when the cooling system is initially filled.

Table 11

Equation For Adding The SCA To The Heavy-Duty Coolant At

V is the total volume of the cooling system.

X is the amount of SCA that is required.

The Initial Fill

V × 0.045 = X

Table 12 is an example for using the equation that is in Table 11 .

Table 12

Example Of The Equation For Adding The SCA To The Heavy-

Total Volume of the Cooling System (V)

15 L (4 US gal) × 0.045 0.7 L (24 oz)

Duty Coolant At The Initial Fill

Multiplication

Factor

that is Required (X)

Amount of SCA

Adding The SCA to The Heavy-Duty Coolant For Maintenance

Heavy-duty antifreeze of all types REQUIRE periodic additions of an SCA.

Test the antifreeze periodically for the concentration of SCA. For the interval, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval

Schedule” (Maintenance Section). Test the concentration of SCA.

Additions of SCA are based on the results of the test. The size of the cooling system determines the

amount of SCA that is needed.

Use the equation that is in Table 13 to determine the amount of Perkins SCA that is required, if

necessary:

Table 13

Equation For Adding The SCA To The Heavy-Duty Coolant For

V is the total volume of the cooling system.

X is the amount of SCA that is required.

Maintenance

V × 0.014 = X

Table 14 is an example for using the equation that is in Table 13 .

Table 14

Example Of The Equation For Adding The SCA To The Heavy-

Total Volume of the Cooling System (V)

15 L (4 US gal) × 0.014 0.2 L (7 oz)

Duty Coolant For Maintenance

Multiplication

Factor

that is Required (X)

Amount of SCA

Cleaning the System of Heavy-Duty Antifreeze

Perkins cooling system cleaners are designed to clean the cooling system of harmful scale and corrosion. Perkins cooling system cleaners dissolve mineral scale, corrosion products, light oil contamination, and sludge.

44 Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

SEBU8728

• Clean the cooling system after used coolant is

drained or before the cooling system is filled with new coolant.

• Clean the cooling system whenever the coolant is

contaminated or whenever the coolant is foaming.

i04676652

Fluid Recommendations

(Fuel Recommendations)

• Glossary

• ISO International Standards Organization

• ASTMAmerican Society for Testing and Materials

• HFRRHigh Frequency Reciprocating Rig for

Lubricity testing of diesel fuels

• FAMEFatty Acid Methyl Esters

• CFRCo-ordinating Fuel Research

• LSD Low Sulfur Diesel

Satisfactory engine performance is dependent on the use of a good quality fuel. The use of a good quality fuel will give the following results: long engine life and acceptable exhaust emissions levels. The fuel must meet the minimum requirements that are stated in table 15 .

NOTICE The footnotes are a key part of the Perkins Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel Table. Read ALL of the footnotes.

• ULSDUltra Low Sulfur Diesel

• RMERape Methyl Ester

• SMESoy Methyl Ester

• EPA Environmental Protection Agency of the United States

General Information

NOTICE Every attempt is made to provide accurate, up-to-date information. By use of this document you agree that Perkins Engines Company Limited is not responsible for errors or omissions.

NOTICE These recommendations are subject to change without notice. Contact your local Perkins distributor for the most up-to-date recommendations.

Diesel Fuel Requirements

Perkins is not in a position to continuously evaluate and monitor all worldwide distillate diesel fuel

specifications that are published by governments and technological societies.

Table 15 provides a known reliable baseline in order to judge the expected performance of distillate diesel fuels that are derived from conventional sources.

SEBU8728

Fluid Recommendations

Table 15

Perkins Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel

Property UNITS Requirements “ASTM”Test “ISO”Test

Aromatics %Volume 35% maximum D1319 “ISO”3837

Ash %Weight 0.01% maximum D482 “ISO”6245

(1)

Refill Capacities

Carbon Residue on 10%

%Weight 0.35% maximum D524 “ISO”4262

Bottoms

Cetane Number

(2)

Cloud Point °C The cloud point must not ex-

40 minimum D613/D6890 “ISO”5165

D2500 “ISO”3015 ceed the lowest expected ambient temperature.

(3)

Kg / M

No. 3 maximum D130 “ISO”2160

801 minimum and 876

No equivalent test “ISO 3675” “ISO 12185”

Copper Strip Corrosion

Density at 15 °C (59 °F)

maximum

Distillation °C 10% at 282 °C (539.6 °F)

D86 “ISO”3405 maximum 90% at 360 °C (680 °F) maximum

Flash Point °C legal limit D93 “ISO”2719

Thermal Stability

Minimum of 80% reflectance

D6468 No equivalent test after aging for 180 minutes at 150 °C (302 °F)

Pour Point °C 6 °C (42.8 °F) minimum be-

D97 “ISO”3016 low ambient temperature

(1) (4)

Sulfur

Kinematic Viscosity

%mass 1% maximum D5453/D26222 “ISO 20846” “ISO 20884”

(5)

“MM”2“/S (cSt)” The viscosity of the fuel that

D445 “ISO”3405 is delivered to the fuel injection pump. “1.4 minimum/4.5 maximum”

Water and sediment % weight 0.1% maximum D1796 “ISO”3734

Water % weight 0.1% maximum D6304 No equivalent test

Sediment % weight 0.05% maximum D473 “ISO”3735

Gums and Resins

(6)

Lubricity corrected wear

mg/100mL 10 mg per 100 mL maximum D381 “ISO”6246

0.46 maximum D6079 “ISO”12156-1

scar diameter at 60 °C (140 °F).

(1)

(7)

This specification includes the requirements for Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD). ULSD fuel will have ≤ 15 ppm (0.0015%) sulfur. Refer to “ASTM D5453”, “ASTM D2622”, or “ISO 20846, ISO 20884” test methods. This specification includes the requirements for Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD). LSD fuel will have ≤500 ppm (0.05%) sulfur. Refer to following:“ASTM 5453, ASTM D2622”, “ISO 20846” and “ISO 20884 test methods”.

(2)

A fuel with a higher cetane number is recommended in order to operate at a higher altitude or in cold weather.

(3)

“Via standards tables, the equivalent API gravity for the minimum density of 801 kg / m3(kilograms per cubic meter) is 45 and for the maximum density of 876 kg / m

(4)

Regional regulations, national regulations, or international regulations can require a fuel with a specific sulfur limit. Consult all applicable regu-

is 30”.

lations before selecting a fuel for a given engine application. Perkins fuel systems and engine components can operate on high sulfur fuels. Fuel sulfur levels affect exhaust emissions. High sulfur fuels also increase the potential for corrosion of internal components. Fuel sulfur levels above 0.5% may significantly shorten the oil change interval. For additional information, refer to this manual, “Fluid recommendations (General lubricant Information)”.

(continued)

46 SEBU8728 Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

(Table 15, contd)

(5)

The values of the fuel viscosity are the values as the fuel is delivered to the fuel injection pumps. Fuel should also meet the minimum viscosity requirement and the fuel should meet the maximum viscosity requirements at 40 °C (104 °F) of either the “ASTM D445” test method or the “ISO 3104” test method. If a fuel with a low viscosity is used, cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Fuels with a high viscosity might require fuel heaters in order to lower the viscosity to 4.5 cSt at the fuel injection pump.

(6)

Follow the test conditions and procedures for gasoline (motor).

(7)

The lubricity of a fuel is a concern with low sulfur and ultra low sulfur fuel. To determine the lubricity of the fuel, use the “ISO 12156-1 or ASTM D6079 High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)” test. If the lubricity of a fuel does not meet the minimum requirements, consult your fuel supplier. Do not treat the fuel without consulting the fuel supplier. Some additives are not compatible. These additives can cause problems in the fuel system.

NOTICE Operating with fuels that do not meet the Perkins recommendations can cause the following effects: Starting difficulty, poor combustion, deposits in the fuel injectors, reduced service life of the fuel system, deposits in the combustion chamber and reduced service life of the engine.

Engines that are manufactured by Perkins are certified with the fuel that is prescribed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Engines that are manufactured by Perkins are certified with the fuel that is prescribed by the European Certification and other regulatory agencies. Perkins does not certify diesel engines on any other fuel.

Note: The owner and the operator of the engine has the responsibility of using the fuel that is prescribed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other appropriate regulatory agencies.

Diesel Fuel Characteristics

Perkins Recommendations

Cetane Number

Fuel that has a high cetane number will give a shorter ignition delay. This will produce a better ignition quality. Cetane numbers are derived for fuels against proportions of cetane and heptamethylnonane in the standard CFR engine. Refer to “ISO 5165” for the test method.

Cetane numbers in excess of 45 are normally expected from current diesel fuel. However, a cetane number of 40 may be experienced in some territories. The United States of America is one of the territories

that can have a low cetane value. A minimum cetane value of 40 is required during average starting

conditions. A higher cetane value may be required for operations at high altitudes or in cold-weather operations.

Fuel with a low cetane number can be the root cause of problems during cold start.

Viscosity

Viscosity is the property of a liquid of offering resistance to shear or flow. Viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. This decrease in viscosity follows a logarithmic relationship for normal fossil fuel. The common reference is to kinematic viscosity. This is the quotient of the dynamic viscosity that is divided by the density. The determination of kinematic viscosity is normally by readings from gravity flow viscometers at standard temperatures. Refer to “ISO 3104” for the test method.

The viscosity of the fuel is significant because fuel serves as a lubricant for the fuel system components. Fuel must have sufficient viscosity in order to lubricate the fuel system in both cold temperatures and hot temperatures. If the kinematic viscosity of the fuel is lower than 1.4 cSt at the fuel injection pump damage to the fuel injection pump can occur. This damage can be excessive scuffing and seizure. Low viscosity may lead to difficult hot restarting, stalling, and loss of performance. High viscosity may result in seizure of the pump.

Perkins recommends kinematic viscosities of 1.4 and

4.5 cSt that is delivered to the fuel injection pump. If a fuel with a low viscosity is used, cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Fuels with a high viscosity might require fuel heaters in order to lower the viscosity to 4.5 cSt at the fuel injection pump.

Density

Density is the mass of the fuel per unit volume at a specific temperature. This parameter has a direct influence on engine performance and a direct influence on emissions. This determines the heat

output from a given injected volume of fuel. This is quoted in the following kg/m3 at 15 °C (59 °F).

Perkins recommends a value of density of 841 kg/m3 in order to obtain the correct power output. Lighter fuels are acceptable but these fuels will not produce the rated power.

SEBU8728

Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

Sulfur

The level of sulfur is governed by emissions legislations. Regional regulation, national regulations, or international regulations can require a fuel with a specific sulfur limit. The sulfur content of the fuel and the fuel quality must comply with all existing local regulations for emissions.

In some parts of the world and for some applications, high sulfur fuels above 0.5% by mass might only be available. Fuel with a high sulfur content can cause engine wear. High sulfur fuel will have a negative impact on emissions of particulates. High sulfur fuel can be used if the local emissions legislation will allow the use. High sulfur fuel can be used in countries that do not regulate emissions.

When only high sulfur fuels are available, it will be necessary that high alkaline lubricating oil is used in the engine or that the lubricating oil change interval is reduced. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations (Lubricant Information)” for information on sulfur in fuel.

Lubricity

This is the capability of the fuel to prevent pump wear. The lubricity of the fluid describes the ability of the fluid to reduce the friction between surfaces that are

under load. This ability reduces the damage that is caused by friction. Fuel injection systems rely on the lubricating properties of the fuel. Until fuel sulfur limits were mandated, the lubricity of the fuel was believed to be a function of fuel viscosity.

The lubricity has particular significance to the current low viscosity fuel, low sulfur fuel, and low aromatic fossil fuel. These fuels are made in order to meet

stringent exhaust emissions.

The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed wear scar diameter of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch). The fuel lubricity test must be performed on an HFRR, operated at 60 °C (140 °F). Refer to “ISO 12156-1”.

NOTICE The fuels system has been qualified with fuel having lubricity up to 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) wear scar diameter as tested by “ISO 12156-1”. Fuel with higher wear scar diameter than 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) will lead to reduced service life and premature failure of the fuel system.

Distillation

This is an indication of the mixture of different hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of light weight

hydrocarbons can affect the characteristics of combustion.

Classification of the Fuels

Diesel engines have the ability to burn wide variety of fuels. Below is a list of typically encountered fuel specifications that have been assessed as to their acceptability and are divided into following categories:

Group 1: Preferred Fuels

The following fuel specifications are considered acceptable.

Fuels meeting the requirements that are listed in the table 15 .

“EN590 - Grades A to F and class 0 to 4”

“ASTM D975 Grade No. 1-D and 2-D”

“JIS K2204 Grades 1, 2 & 3 & Special Grade 3” acceptable provided lubricity ware scar diameter does not exceed of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per “ISO 12156-1” .

“BS2869 - Class A2 Off Highway Gas Oil, Red Diesel”

Note: The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed wear scar diameter of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per “ISO 12156-1” . Refer to “Lubricity”.

Group 2: Aviation Kerosene Fuels

Following kerosene and jet fuel specifications are acceptable alternative fuels and may be used on a contingency bases for emergency or continuous use, where standard diesel fuel is not available and where

legislation allows their use:

“MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F34 (JP-8)”

“MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F35”

“MIL-DTL-5624 NATO F44 (JP-5)”

“MIL-DTL-38219 (USAF) (JP7)”

“NATO XF63”

In case of the fuels which do not meet specified lubricity requirement appropriate lubricity additive can be used to enhance the lubricity of the fuel.

Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier can make recommendations for additives to use and

for the proper level of treatment.

“ASTM D1655 JET A”

“ASTM D1655 JET A1”

48 SEBU8728 Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

NOTICE These fuels are only acceptable when used with appropriate lubricity additive and must meet minimum requirements that are listed in table 15 . The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed wear scar diameter of

0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per “ISO 12156-1” . Refer to “Lubricity”.

Note: Minimum cetane number of 40 is recommended otherwise cold starting problems or light load misfire might occur. Since jet fuel specifications do not mention cetane requirements, Perkins recommends that a fuel sample is taken to determine the cetane number.

Note: Fuels must have minimum viscosity of 1.4 cSt delivered to the fuel injection pump. Cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Perkins recommends that the actual viscosity of the fuel be measured in order to determine if a fuel cooler is needed. Refer to “Viscosity”.

Note: Rated power loss of up to 10 percent is possible due to lower density and lower viscosity of jet fuels compared to diesel fuels.

Biodiesel Fuel

Biodiesel is a fuel that can be defined as mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be made from various feedstock. The most commonly available biodiesel in Europe is Rape Methyl Ester (REM). This biodiesel is derived from rapeseed oil. Soy Methyl Ester (SME) is the most common biodiesel in the United States. This biodiesel is

derived from soybean oil. Soybean oil or rapeseed oil are the primary feedstocks. These fuels are together known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME).

Raw pressed vegetable oils are NOT acceptable for use as a fuel in any concentration in compression engines. Without esterification, these oils gel in the crankcase and the fuel tank. These fuels may not be compatible with many of the elastomers that are used in engines that are manufactured today. In original forms, these oils are not suitable for use as a fuel in

compression engines. Alternate base stocks for biodiesel may include animal tallow, waste cooking oils, or various other feedstocks. In order to use any of the products that are listed as fuel, the oil must be esterified.

Fuel made of 100 percent FAME is generally referred to as B100 biodiesel or neat biodiesel.

Biodiesel can be blended with distillate diesel fuel. The blends can be used as fuel. The most commonly

available biodiesel blends are B5, which is 5 percent biodiesel and 95 percent distillate diesel fuel. B20, which is 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent distillate diesel fuel.

Note: The percentages given are volume-based. The U.S. distillate diesel fuel specification “ASTM D97509a” includes up to B5 (5 percent) biodiesel.

European distillate diesel fuel specification “EN590:2010” includes up B7 (7 percent) biodiesel.

Note: Engines that are manufactured by Perkins are certified by use of the prescribed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and European Certification fuels. Perkins does not certify engines on any other fuel. The user of the engine has the responsibility of using the correct fuel that is recommended by the manufacturer and allowed by the EPA and other appropriate regulatory agencies.

Specification Requirements

The neat biodiesel must conform to “EN14214” or “ASTM D6751” (in the USA) and can only be blended

in mixture of up to 20 percent by volume in acceptable mineral diesel fuel meeting requirements that are listed in table 15 or the latest edition of

“EN590” and “ASTM D 975” commercial standards. This blend is commonly known as B20.

Biodiesel blends are denoted as “BXX” with “XX” representing the content of neat biodiesel contained

in the blend with mineral diesel fuel (for example B5, B10, B20).

In United States Biodiesel blends of B6 to B20 must meet the requirements listed in the latest edition of

“ASTM D7467” (B6 to B20) and must be of an API gravity of 30-45.

In North America biodiesel and biodiesel blends must be purchased from the BQ-9000 accredited

producers and BQ-9000 certified distributors.

In other areas of the world, the use of biodiesel that is BQ-9000 accredited and certified, or that is accredited and certified by a comparable biodiesel

quality body to meet similar biodiesel quality standards is required.

Engine Service Requirements with B20

Aggressive properties of biodiesel fuel may cause debris in the fuel tank and fuel lines. The aggressive properties of biodiesel will clean the fuel tank and fuel lines. This cleaning of the fuel system can prematurely block of the fuel filters. Perkins recommends that after the initial usage of B20 biodiesel blended fuel the fuel filters must be replaced at 50 hours.

Glycerides present in biodiesel fuel will also cause fuel filters to become blocked more quickly. Therefore the regular service interval should be reduced to 250 hours.

SEBU8728 49

Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

When biodiesel fuel is used, crank case oil and aftertreatment systems may be influenced. This

influence is due to the chemical composition and characteristics of biodiesel fuel, such as density and volatility, and to chemical contaminants that can be present in this fuel, such as alkali and alkaline metals (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium).

• Crankcase oil fuel dilution can be higher when

biodiesel or biodiesel blends are used. This increased level of fuel dilution when using biodiesel or biodiesel blends is related to the typically lower volatility of biodiesel. In-cylinder emissions control strategies utilized in many of the industrial latest engine designs may lead to a higher level of biodiesel concentration in the engine oil pan. The long-term effect of biodiesel concentration in crankcase oil is currently unknown.

• Perkins recommends the use of oil analysis in

order to check the quality of the engine oil if biodiesel fuel is used. Ensure that the level of biodiesel in the fuel is noted when the oil sample is taken.

Performance Related Issues with B20

Due to the lower energy content than the standard distillate fuel B20 will cause a power loss in order of 2 to 4 percent. In addition, over time the power may deteriorate further due to deposits in the fuel injectors.

Biodiesel and biodiesel blends are known to cause an increase in fuel system deposits, most significant of

which are deposits within the fuel injector. These deposits can cause a loss in power due to restricted or modified fuel injection or cause other functional issues associated with these deposits.

Perkins strongly recommends that seasonally operated engines have the fuel systems, including fuel tanks, flashed with conventional diesel fuel

before prolonged shutdown periods. An example of an application that should seasonally flush the fuel system is a combine harvester.

Microbial contamination and growth can cause corrosion in the fuel system and premature plugging of the fuel filter. Consult your supplier of fuel for assistance in selecting appropriate antimicrobial additive.

Water accelerates microbial contamination and growth. When biodiesel is compared to distillate fuels,

water is naturally more likely to exist in the biodiesel. It is therefore essential to check frequently and if necessary, drain the water separator.

Materials such as brass, bronze, copper, led, tin, and zinc accelerate the oxidation process of the biodiesel fuel. The oxidation process can cause deposits formation therefore these materials must not be used

for fuel tanks and fuel lines.

Fuel for Cold Weather Operation

The European standard “EN590” contains climate dependant requirements and a range of options. The options can be applied differently in each country. There are five classes that are given to arctic climates and severe winter climates. 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Fuel that complies with “EN590” CLASS 4 can be used at temperatures as low as −44 °C (−47.2 °F). Refer to “EN590” for a detailed discretion of the

physical properties of the fuel.

The diesel fuel “ASTM D975 1-D” that is used in the United States of America may be used in cold

temperatures that are below −18 °C (−0.4 °F).

Note: Perkins T400012 Fuel Cleaner is most effective in cleaning and preventing the formation of deposits. Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner helps to limit deposit issues by improving the stability of biodiesel and biodiesel blends. Refer to “Perkins Diesel Fuel System Cleaner” for more information.

General Requirements

Biodiesel has poor oxidation stability, which can result in long-term problems in the storage of biodiesel. Biodiesel fuel should be used within 6 months of

manufacture. Equipment should not be stored with the B20 biodiesel blends in the fuel system for longer than 3 months.

Due to poor oxidation stability and other potential issues, it is strongly recommended that engines with limited operational time either not use B20 biodiesel blends or, while accepting some risk, limit biodiesel blend to a maximum of B5. Examples of applications that should limit the use of biodiesel are the following: Standby generator sets and certain emergency vehicles.

In extreme cold ambient conditions, you may use the aviation kerosene fuels that are specified in “Classification of the Fuels”. These fuels are intended

to be used in temperatures that can be as low as

−54 °C (−65.2 °F). Refer to “Classification of the Fuels” for detail and conditions of use of the aviation

kerosene fuels.

Mixing alcohol or gasoline with diesel fuel can produce an explosive mixture in the engine crankcase or the fuel tank. Alcohol or gasoline must not be used in order to dilute diesel fuel. Failure to follow this instruction may result in death or personal injury.

50 SEBU8728 Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

There are many other diesel fuel specifications that are published by governments and by technological societies. Usually, those specifications do not review all the requirements that are addressed in table 15 . To ensure optimum engine performance, a complete fuel analysis should be obtained before engine operation. The fuel analysis should include all of the properties that are stated in the table 15 .

Aftermarket Fuel Additives

NOTICE Perkins does not warrant the quality or performance of non Perkins fluids and filters.

When auxiliary devices, accessories, or consumables (filters, additives) which are made by other manufacturers are used on Perkins products, the Perkins warranty is not affected simply because of such use.

However, failures that result from the installation or use of other manufacturers devices, accessories, or consumables are NOT Perkins defects. Therefore, the defects are NOT covered under the Perkins warranty.

Supplemental diesel fuel additives are not recommended. This is due to potential damage to the fuel system or the engine. Your fuel supplier or the fuel manufacturer will add the appropriate supplemental diesel fuel additives.

Perkins recognizes the fact that additives may be required in some special circumstances. Fuel additives need to be used with caution. Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier can recommend the appropriate fuel additive and the correct level of treatment.

Note: For the best results, your fuel supplier should treat the fuel when additives are required. The treated fuel must meet the requirements that are stated in table 15 .

Once the fuel cleaner has been added to the fuel, the deposits within the fuel system are removed after 30

hours of engine operation. For maximum results, continue to use the fuel cleaner for up to 80 hours. Perkins fuel cleaner can be used on an on-going basis with no adverse impact on engine or fuel system durability.

Detailed instructions on the rate of which the fuel cleaner must be use are on the container.

i04151535

Fluid Recommendations

(Lubricant Information)

General Lubricant Information

Because of government regulations regarding the certification of exhaust emissions from the engine, the lubricant recommendations must be followed.

Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) Oils

The “Engine Manufacturers Association Recommended Guideline on Diesel Engine Oil” is recognized by Perkins. For detailed information about this guideline, see the latest edition of EMA publication, “EMA DHD -1”.

API Oils

The Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System by the American Petroleum Institute (API) is recognized by Perkins. For detailed information about this system, see the latest edition of the “API publication No. 1509”. Engine oils that bear the API symbol are authorized by API.

Perkins Diesel Fuel System Cleaner

Perkins T400012 Fuel Cleaner is the only fuel cleaner that is recommended by Perkins .

If biodiesel or biodiesel blends of fuel are to be used, Perkins require the use of Perkins fuel cleaner. For

more information on the use of biodiesel and biodiesel blends refer to “Biodiesel Fuel”.

Perkins fuel cleaner will remove deposits that can form in the fuel system with the use of biodiesel and biodiesel blends. These deposits can create a loss of power and engine performance.

Illustration 24 g00546535

Typical API symbol

SEBU8728 51

Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

Diesel engine oils CC, CD, CD-2, and CE have not been API authorized classifications since January 1,

1996. Table 16 summarizes the status of the classifications.

Table 16

API Classifications

Current Obsolete

CH-4, , CI-4 CE, CC, CD

(1)

The oil CD-2 is for a two-cycle diesel engine. Perkins does not sell engines that utilize CD-2 oil.

CD-2

Terminology

Certain abbreviations follow the nomenclature of “SAE J754”. Some classifications follow “SAE J183” abbreviations, and some classifications follow the “EMA Recommended Guideline on Diesel Engine

Oil”. In addition to Perkins definitions, there are other definitions that will be of assistance in purchasing

lubricants. Recommended oil viscosities can be found in this publication, “Fluid Recommendations/

Engine Oil”.

Engine Oil

Commercial Oils

The performance of commercial diesel engine oils is based on American Petroleum Institute (API) classifications. These API classifications are

developed in order to provide commercial lubricants for a broad range of diesel engines that operate at various conditions.

Only use commercial oils that meet the following classifications:

• APICH-4CI-4

DHD-1 oils will meet the needs of high performance Perkins diesel engines that are operating in many applications. The tests and the test limits that are used to define DHD-1 are similar to the new API CH-4

classification. Therefore, these oils will also meet the requirements for diesel engines that require low

emissions. DHD-1 oils are designed to control the harmful effects of soot with improved wear resistance and improved resistance to plugging of the oil filter. These oils will also provide superior piston deposit control for engines with either two-piece steel pistons or aluminum pistons.

All DHD-1 oils must complete a full test program with the base stock and with the viscosity grade of the finished commercial oil. The use of “API Base Oil

Interchange Guidelines” are not appropriate for DHD1 oils. This feature reduces the variation in

performance that can occur when base stocks are changed in commercial oil formulations.

DHD-1 oils are recommended for use in extended oil change interval programs that optimize the life of the

oil. These oil change interval programs are based on oil analysis. DHD-1 oils are recommended for conditions that demand a premium oil. Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor has the specific guidelines for optimizing oil change intervals.

API CH-4 – API CH-4 oils were developed in order to meet the requirements of the new high performance diesel engines. Also, the oil was designed to meet the requirements of the low emissions diesel engines. API CH-4 oils are also acceptable for use in older diesel engines and in diesel engines that use high sulfur diesel fuel. API CH-4 oils may be used in Perkins engines that use API CG-4 and API CF-4 oils. API CH-4 oils will generally exceed the performance of API CG-4 oils in the following criteria: deposits on pistons, control of oil consumption, wear of piston rings, valve train wear, viscosity control and corrosion.

In order to make the correct choice of a commercial oil, refer to the following explanations:

EMA DHD-1 – The Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) has developed lubricant recommendations as an alternative to the API oil

classification system. DHD-1 is a Recommended Guideline that defines a level of oil performance for these types of diesel engines: high speed, four stroke cycle, heavy-duty and light duty. DHD-1 oils may be used in Perkins engines when the following oils are recommended: API CH-4, API CG-4 and API CF-4.

DHD-1 oils are intended to provide superior performance in comparison to API CG-4 and API CF-

Three new engine tests were developed for the API CH-4 oil. The first test specifically evaluates deposits on pistons for engines with the two-piece steel piston. This test (piston deposit) also measures the control of oil consumption. A second test is conducted with moderate oil soot. The second test measures the

following criteria: wear of piston rings, wear of cylinder liners and resistance to corrosion. A third new test measures the following characteristics with high levels of soot in the oil: wear of the valve train, resistance of the oil in plugging the oil filter and control of sludge.

In addition to the new tests, API CH-4 oils have tougher limits for viscosity control in applications that

generate high soot. The oils also have improved oxidation resistance. API CH-4 oils must pass an additional test (piston deposit) for engines that use aluminum pistons (single piece). Oil performance is also established for engines that operate in areas with high sulfur diesel fuel.

52 SEBU8728 Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

All of these improvements allow the API CH-4 oil to achieve optimum oil change intervals. API CH-4 oils are recommended for use in extended oil change intervals. API CH-4 oils are recommended for

conditions that demand a premium oil. Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor has specific guidelines for optimizing oil change intervals.

Some commercial oils that meet the API classifications may require reduced oil change

intervals. To determine the oil change interval, closely monitor the condition of the oil and perform a wear metal analysis.

NOTICE Failure to follow these oil recommendations can cause shortened engine service life due to deposits and/or excessive wear.

Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines

The Total Base Number (TBN) for an oil depends on the fuel sulfur level. For direct injection engines that use distillate fuel, the minimum TBN of the new oil

must be ten times the fuel sulfur level. The TBN is defined by “ASTM D2896”. The minimum TBN of the

oil is 5 regardless of fuel sulfur level. Illustration 25 demonstrates the TBN.

• Choose an oil with the highest TBN that meets one of these classifications: EMA DHD-1 and API CH-

• Reduce the oil change interval. Base the oil change interval on the oil analysis. Ensure that the oil analysis includes the condition of the oil and a wear metal analysis.

Excessive piston deposits can be produced by an oil with a high TBN. These deposits can lead to a loss of control of the oil consumption and to the polishing of the cylinder bore.

NOTICE Operating Direct Injection (DI) diesel engines with fuel sulphur levels over 0.5 percent will require shortened oil change intervals in order to help maintain adequate wear protection.

Table 17

Percentage of Sulfur in the fuel Oil change interval

Lower than 0.5 Normal

0.5 to 1.0 0.75 of normal

Greater than 1.0 0.50 of normal

Lubricant Viscosity Recommendations for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines

Illustration 25 g00799818

(Y) TBN by “ASTM D2896” (X) Percentage of fuel sulfur by weight (1) TBN of new oil (2) Change the oil when the TBN deteriorates to 50 percent of the

original TBN.

Use the following guidelines for fuel sulfur levels that exceed 1.5 percent:

The correct SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined by the minimum ambient temperature during cold engine start-up, and the maximum ambient temperature during engine operation.

Refer to Table 18 (minimum temperature) in order to determine the required oil viscosity for starting a cold engine.

Refer to Table 18 (maximum temperature) in order to select the oil viscosity for engine operation at the highest ambient temperature that is anticipated.

Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is available to meet the requirement for the temperature

at start-up.

Table 18

Engine Oil Viscosity

EMA LRG-1

API CH-4

Viscosity Grade

SAE 0W20

SAE 0W30

SAE 0W40

Ambient Temperature

Minimum Maximum

−40 °C (−40 °F) 10 °C (50 °F)

−40 °C (−40 °F) 30 °C (86 °F)

−40 °C (−40 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)

(continued)

SEBU8728 53

Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

(Table 18, contd)

SAE 5W30

SAE 5W40

SAE 10W30

SAE 15W40

−30 °C (−22 °F) 30 °C (86 °F)

−30 °C (−22 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)

−20 °C (−4 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)

−10 °C (14 °F) 50 °C (122 °F)

Synthetic Base Stock Oils

Synthetic base oils are acceptable for use in these engines if these oils meet the performance requirements that are specified for the engine.

Synthetic base oils generally perform better than conventional oils in the following two areas:

• Synthetic base oils have improved flow at low temperatures especially in arctic conditions.

• Synthetic base oils have improved oxidation stability especially at high operating temperatures.

Some synthetic base oils have performance characteristics that enhance the service life of the oil.

Perkins does not recommend the automatic extending of the oil change intervals for any type of

oil.

When an engine is started and operated in ambient temperatures below −30 °C (−22 °F), use a synthetic base stock multigrade oil with an 0W viscosity grade or with a 5W viscosity grade. Use an oil with a pour point that is lower than −50 °C (−58 °F).

The number of acceptable lubricants is limited in coldweather conditions. Perkins recommends the

following lubricants for use in cold-weather conditions:

First Choice – Use oil with an EMA DHD-1 Recommended Guideline. Use a CH-4 oil that has an API license. The oil should be either SAE 0W20, SAE 0W30, SAE 0W40, SAE 5W30, or SAE 5W40 lubricant viscosity grade.

Second Choice – Use an oil that has a CH-4 additive package. Although the oil has not been tested for the

requirements of the API license, the oil must be either SAE 0W20, SAE 0W30, SAE 0W40, SAE 5W30, or

SAE 5W40.

NOTICE Shortened engine service life could result if second choice oils are used.

Aftermarket Oil Additives

Re-refined Base Stock Oils

Re-refined base stock oils are acceptable for use in Perkins engines if these oils meet the performance requirements that are specified by Perkins. Rerefined base stock oils can be used exclusively in finished oil or in a combination with new base stock

oils. The US military specifications and the specifications of other heavy equipment manufacturers also allow the use of re-refined base

stock oils that meet the same criteria.

The process that is used to make re-refined base stock oil should adequately remove all wear metals that are in the used oil and all the additives that are in

the used oil. The process that is used to make rerefined base stock oil generally involves the process of vacuum distillation and hydrotreating the used oil. Filtering is adequate for the production of high quality, re-refined base stock oil.

Lubricants for Cold Weather

When an engine is started and an engine is operated in ambient temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F), use multigrade oils that are capable of flowing in low temperatures.

These oils have lubricant viscosity grades of SAE 0W or SAE 5W.

Perkins does not recommend the use of aftermarket additives in oil. It is not necessary to use aftermarket

additives in order to achieve the engine's maximum service life or rated performance. Fully formulated, finished oils consist of base oils and of commercial

additive packages. These additive packages are blended into the base oils at precise percentages in order to help provide finished oils with performance characteristics that meet industry standards.

There are no industry standard tests that evaluate the performance or the compatibility of aftermarket additives in finished oil. Aftermarket additives may not be compatible with the finished oil's additive package, which could lower the performance of the finished oil. The aftermarket additive could fail to mix with the

finished oil. This could produce sludge in the crankcase. Perkins discourages the use of aftermarket additives in finished oils.

To achieve the best performance from a Perkins engine, conform to the following guidelines:

54 Refill Capacities

Fluid Recommendations

• Select the correct oil, or a commercial oil that meets the “EMA Recommended Guideline on Diesel Engine Oil” or the recommended API classification.

• See the appropriate “Lubricant Viscosities” table in order to find the correct oil viscosity grade for your engine.

• At the specified interval, service the engine. Use new oil and install a new oil filter.

• Perform maintenance at the intervals that are specified in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule”.

Oil analysis

Some engines may be equipped with an oil sampling valve. If oil analysis is required the oil sampling valve is used to obtain samples of the engine oil. The oil analysis will complement the preventive maintenance

program.

SEBU8728

The oil analysis is a diagnostic tool that is used to determine oil performance and component wear rates. Contamination can be identified and measured

by using the oil analysis. The oil analysis includes the following tests:

• The Wear Rate Analysis monitors the wear of the engine's metals. The amount of wear metal and type of wear metal that is in the oil is analyzed. The increase in the rate of engine wear metal in the oil is as important as the quantity of engine wear metal in the oil.

• Tests are conducted in order to detect contamination of the oil by water, glycol, or fuel.

• The Oil Condition Analysis determines the loss of the oil's lubricating properties. An infrared analysis is used to compare the properties of new oil to the properties of the used oil sample. This analysis allows technicians to determine the amount of deterioration of the oil during use. This analysis also allows technicians to verify the performance of the oil according to the specification during the entire oil change interval.

SEBU8728

Maintenance Recommendations

i04150369

Welding on Engines with Electronic Controls

NOTICE Proper welding procedures are necessary in order to avoid damage to the electrical switches and associated components. When possible, remove the component from the unit and then weld the component. If removal of the component is not possible, the following procedure must be followed when you weld with a unit that is equipped with a Perkins engine. The following procedure is considered to be the safest procedure to weld a component. This procedure should provide a minimum risk of damage to electronic components.

1. Stop the engine. Turn the switched power to the

OFF position.

2. Disconnect the negative battery cable from the

battery. If a battery disconnect switch is provided, open the switch.

3. Disconnect the electrical connections for any

switches or electronic governors that may be installed.

Maintenance Recommendations

Welding on Engines with Electronic Controls

Illustration 26 g00765012

Use the example above. The current flow from the welder to the ground clamp of the welder will not cause damage to any associated components.

(1) Engine (2) Welding rod (3) Keyswitch in the OFF position (4) Battery disconnect switch in the open position (5) Disconnected battery cables (6) Battery (7) Electrical/Electronic component (8) Maximum distance between the component that is being welded

and any electrical/electronic component (9) The component that is being welded (10) Current path of the welder (11) Ground clamp for the welder

4. Connect the welding ground cable directly to the

part that will be welded. Place the ground cable as close as possible to the weld in order to reduce the possibility of welding current damage to bearings, hydraulic components, electrical components, and ground straps.

Note: If electrical/electronic components are used as a ground for the welder, or electrical/electronic components are located between the welder ground and the weld, current flow from the welder could severely damage the component.

5. Protect the wiring harness from welding debris and

spatter.

6. Use standard welding practices to weld the

materials.

56 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Severe Service Application

i04150276

Severe Service Application

Severe service is the application of an engine that exceeds the current published standards for that engine. Perkins maintains standards for the following engine parameters:

• Performance such as power range, speed range, and fuel consumption

• Fuel quality

• Operational Altitude

• Maintenance intervals

• Oil selection and maintenance

• Coolant type and maintenance

• Environmental qualities

• Installation

• The temperature of the fluid in the engine

Buildup – Compounds, elements, corrosive chemicals, and salt can damage some components.

Altitude – Problems can arise when the engine is operated at altitudes that are higher than the intended settings for that application. Necessary adjustments should be made.

Incorrect Operating Procedures

• Extended operation at low idle

• Frequent hot shutdowns

• Operating at excessive loads

• Operating at excessive speeds

• Operating outside the intended application

Incorrect Maintenance Procedures

• Extending the maintenance intervals

• Failure to use recommended fuel, lubricants, and coolant/antifreeze

Refer to the standards for the engine or consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor in order to determine if the engine is operating within the defined parameters.

Severe service operation can accelerate component wear. Engines that operate under severe conditions may need more frequent maintenance intervals in order to ensure maximum reliability and retention of full service life.

Due to individual applications, it is not possible to identify all of the factors which can contribute to severe service operation. Consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for the unique maintenance that is necessary for the engine.

The operating environment, incorrect operating procedures, and incorrect maintenance procedures can be factors which contribute to a severe service

application.

Environmental Factors

Ambient temperatures – The engine may be

exposed to extended operation in cold environments or hot environments. Valve components can be damaged by carbon buildup if the engine is frequently started and stopped in cold temperatures. Hot intake air reduces engine performance.

Quality of the air – The engine may be exposed to extended operation in an environment that is dirty or dusty, unless the equipment is cleaned regularly. Mud, dirt, and dust can encase components. Maintenance can be difficult. The buildup can contain corrosive chemicals.

SEBU8728

Maintenance Recommendations

Maintenance Interval Schedule

i05738076

Maintenance Interval Schedule

When Required

“Battery - Replace”...................................................59

“Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect”...................60

“Engine - Clean”.......................................................67

“Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) -

Inspect/Clean/Replace”...........................................67

“Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) -

Inspect/Clean/Replace”...........................................70

“Engine Oil Sample - Obtain”...................................72

“Fuel System - Prime”..............................................76

Daily

“Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace”..............................60

“Coolant Level - Check”...........................................65

“Driven Equipment - Check” ....................................67

“Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect” .....70

“Engine Air Precleaner - Check/Clean” ...................71

“Engine Oil Level - Check”.......................................72

“Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator -

Drain” .......................................................................80

“Walk-Around Inspection” ........................................85

“Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) -

Inspect/Clean/Replace”...........................................67

“Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) -

Inspect/Clean/Replace”...........................................70

“Engine Crankcase Breather - Replace” .................71

“Engine Oil and Filter - Change” ..............................73

“Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator)

Element - Replace”..................................................78

“Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace” ..............81

“Radiator - Clean” ....................................................84

Every 1000 Service Hours

“Engine Valve Lash - Check” ...................................74

“Water Pump - Inspect”............................................86

Every 2000 Service Hours

“Aftercooler Core - Inspect/Clean/Test” ...................58

“Alternator - Inspect” ................................................59

“Engine Mounts - Inspect” .......................................71

“Starting Motor - Inspect”.........................................84

“Turbocharger - Inspect” ..........................................85

Every 3000 Service Hours or 2 Years

“Coolant (Commercial Heavy-Duty) - Change” .......61

Every 4000 Service Hours

Every Week

“Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace”...................83

Every 50 Service Hours or Weekly

“Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain” .................82

Initial 500 Service Hours

“Engine Valve Lash - Check” ...................................74

Every 500 Service Hours

“Fan Clearance - Check” .........................................75

Every 500 Service Hours or 1 Year

“Battery Electrolyte Level - Check”..........................59

“Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive

(SCA) - Test/Add”.....................................................66

“Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test”................................57

Every 12 000 Service Hours or 6 Years

“Coolant (ELC) - Change”........................................63

Commissioning

“Fan Clearance - Check” .........................................75

i04243771

Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test

1. Remove the core. Refer to the OEM information for

the correct procedure.

2. Turn the aftercooler core upside-down in order to

remove debris.

58 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Aftercooler Core - Inspect/Clean/Test

9. Inspect the core in order to ensure cleanliness.

Pressure test the core. If necessary, repair the

Personal injury can result from air pressure.

Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.

Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.

3. Pressurized air is the preferred method for

removing loose debris. Direct the air in the opposite direction of the air flow of the fan. Hold the nozzle approximately 6 mm (0.236 inch) away from the fins. Slowly move the air nozzle in a direction that is parallel with the tubes. The pressurized air will remove debris that is between the tubes.

core.

10. Install the core. Refer to the OEM information for

the correct procedure.

11. After cleaning, start the engine and accelerate the

engine to high idle rpm. This will help in the removal of debris and drying of the core. Stop the engine. Use a light bulb behind the core in order to inspect the core for cleanliness. Repeat the cleaning, if necessary.

i04243792

Aftercooler Core - Inspect/ Clean/Test

4. Pressurized water may also be used for cleaning.

The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes must be less than 275 kPa (40 psi). Use pressurized water in order to soften mud. Clean the core from both sides.

NOTICE Do not use a high concentration of caustic cleaner to clean the core. A high concentration of caustic cleaner can attack the internal metals of the core and cause leakage. Only use the recommended concentration of cleaner.

5. Back flush the core with a suitable cleaner.

6. Clean the core with steam in order to remove any

residue. Flush the fins of the aftercooler core. Remove any other trapped debris.

7. Wash the core with hot, soapy water. Rinse the

core thoroughly with clean water.

Personal injury can result from air pressure.

Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.

Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.

8. Dry the core with compressed air. Direct the air in

the reverse direction of the normal flow.

(Aftercooler Core - Inspect)

Note: Adjust the frequency of cleaning according to the effects of the operating environment.

Inspect the aftercooler for these items: damaged fins, corrosion, dirt, grease, insects, leaves, oil and other debris. Clean the aftercooler, if necessary.

For air-to-air aftercoolers, use the same methods that are used for cleaning radiators.

Personal injury can result from air pressure.

Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.

Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.

After cleaning, start the engine and accelerate the engine to high idle rpm. This will help in the removal of debris and drying of the core. Stop the engine. Use a light bulb behind the core in order to inspect the core for cleanliness. Repeat the cleaning, if

necessary.

Inspect the fins for damage. Bent fins may be opened with a “comb”.

Note: If parts of the aftercooler system are repaired or replaced, a leak test is highly recommended.

Inspect these items for good condition: Welds, mounting brackets, air lines, connections, clamps and seals. Make repairs, if necessary.

SEBU8728 59

Maintenance Recommendations

Alternator - Inspect

i02322311

Alternator - Inspect

Perkins recommends a scheduled inspection of the alternator. Inspect the alternator for loose connections and correct battery charging. Check the ammeter (if equipped) during engine operation in order to ensure correct battery performance and/or correct performance of the electrical system. Make repairs, as required.

Check the alternator and the battery charger for correct operation. If the batteries are correctly charged, the ammeter reading should be very near zero. All batteries should be kept charged. The batteries should be kept warm because temperature

ects the cranking power. If the battery is too cold,

af the battery will not crank the engine. When the engine is not run for long periods of time or if the engine is run for short periods, the batteries may not fully charge. A battery with a low charge will freeze more easily than a battery with a full charge.

i02322315

Battery - Replace

3. The NEGATIVE “-” cable connects the NEGATIVE

“-” battery terminal to the NEGATIVE “-” terminal on the starting motor. Disconnect the cable from the NEGATIVE “-” battery terminal.

4. The POSITIVE “+” cable connects the POSITIVE “+” battery terminal to the POSITIVE “+” terminal

on the starting motor. Disconnect the cable from the POSITIVE “+” battery terminal.

Note: Always recycle a battery. Never discard a battery. Dispose of used batteries to an appropriate recycling facility.

5. Remove the used battery.

6. Install the new battery.

Note: Before the cables are connected, ensure that

the engine start switch is OFF.

7. Connect the cable from the starting motor to the POSITIVE “+” battery terminal.

8. Connect the NEGATIVE “-” cable to the NEGATIVE “-” battery terminal.

i02747977

Batteries give off combustible gases which can explode. A spark can cause the combustible gases to ignite. This can result in severe personal injury or death.

Ensure proper ventilation for batteries that are in an enclosure. Follow the proper procedures in or-

der to help prevent electrical arcs and/or sparks near batteries. Do not smoke when batteries are serviced.

The battery cables or the batteries should not be removed with the battery cover in place. The battery cover should be removed before any servicing is attempted.

Removing the battery cables or the batteries with the cover in place may cause a battery explosion resulting in personal injury.

1. Switch the engine to the OFF position. Remove all

electrical loads.

2. Turn off any battery chargers. Disconnect any battery chargers.

Battery Electrolyte Level Check

When the engine is not run for long periods of time or when the engine is run for short periods, the batteries may not fully recharge. Ensure a full charge in order to help prevent the battery from freezing. If batteries are correctly charged, the ammeter reading should be very near zero, when the engine is in operation.

All lead-acid batteries contain sulfuric acid which can burn the skin and clothing. Always wear a face shield and protective clothing when working on or near batteries.

1. Remove the filler caps. Maintain the electrolyte

level to the “FULL” mark on the battery.

If the addition of water is necessary, use distilled water. If distilled water is not available use clean

water that is low in minerals. Do not use artificially softened water.

2. Check the condition of the electrolyte with a suitable battery tester.

3. Install the caps.

60 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect

4. Keep the batteries clean.

Clean the battery case with one of the following cleaning solutions:

• Use a solution of 0.1 kg (0.2 lb) baking soda and 1 L (1 qt) of clean water.

• Use a solution of ammonium hydroxide.

Thoroughly rinse the battery case with clean water.

i02323088

Battery or Battery Cable Disconnect

The battery cables or the batteries should not be removed with the battery cover in place. The battery cover should be removed before any servicing is attempted.

Removing the battery cables or the batteries with the cover in place may cause a battery explosion resulting in personal injury.

i04150073

Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace

Inspection

To maximize the engine performance, inspect the belts for wear and for cracking. Replace belts that are worn or damaged.

For applications that require multiple drive belts, replace the belts in matched sets. Replacing only one belt of a matched set will cause the new belt to carry more load because the older belt is stretched. The additional load on the new belt could cause the new

belt to break.

If the belts are too loose, vibration causes unnecessary wear on the belts and pulleys. Loose

belts may slip enough to cause overheating.

To accurately check the belt tension, a suitable gauge should be used.

1. Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn the ignition switch (if equipped) to the OFF position and remove the key and all electrical loads.

2. Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Ensure that the cable cannot contact the terminal. When four 12 volt batteries are involved, two negative connection must be disconnected.

3. Remove the positive connection.

4. Clean all disconnected connection and battery

terminals.

5. Use a fine grade of sandpaper to clean the terminals and the cable clamps. Clean the items until the surfaces are bright or shiny. DO NOT remove material excessively. Excessive removal of material can cause the clamps to not fit correctly. Coat the clamps and the terminals with a suitable silicone lubricant or petroleum jelly.

6. Tape the cable connections in order to help prevent accidental starting.

7. Proceed with necessary system repairs.

Illustration 27 g01003936

Typical example

(1) Burroughs Gauge

Install the gauge (1) at the center of the longest free length and check the tension. The correct tension is 535 N (120 lb). If the tension of the belt is below 250 N (56 lb) adjust the belt to 535 N (120 lb).

If twin belts are installed, check and adjust the tension on both belts.

8. In order to connect the battery, connect the positive connection before the negative connector.

SEBU8728 61

Maintenance Recommendations

Coolant (Commercial Heavy-Duty) - Change

Adjustment

Illustration 28 g02343596

Typical example

NOTICE

Keep all parts clean from contaminants.

Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life.

Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling system before the recommended maintenance interval if the following conditions exist:

• The engine overheats frequently.

• Foaming of the coolant is observed.

• The oil has entered the cooling system and the coolant is contaminated.

• The fuel has entered the cooling system and the coolant is contaminated.

Note: When the cooling system is cleaned, only clean water is needed.

Drain

1. Loosen the alternator pivot bolt (2) and the link bolt

(3).

2. Move the alternator in order to increase or decrease the belt tension. Tighten the alternator pivot bolt and the link bolt to 22 N·m (16 lb ft).(1).

Replacement

Refer to Disassembly and Assembly for the installation procedure and the removal procedure for the belt.

i04150232

Coolant (Commercial HeavyDuty) - Change

NOTICE Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap, stop the engine and wait until the cooling system components are cool. Loosen the cooling system pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.

1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.

Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling system filler cap.

Dispose of all fluids according to Local regulations and mandates.

62 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Coolant (Commercial Heavy-Duty) - Change

3. Fill the cooling system with clean water. Install the cooling system filler cap.

4. Start and run the engine at low idle until the temperature reaches 49 to 66 °C (120 to 150 °F).

5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool. Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling system filler cap. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug on the engine. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug on the radiator. Allow the water to drain. Flush the cooling system with clean water.

Fill

1. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug on the

engine. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug on the radiator.

Illustration 29 g01144180

Typical example

2. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug (1) on the engine. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug on the radiator.

Allow the coolant to drain.

NOTICE Dispose of used engine coolant or recycle. Various methods have been proposed to reclaim used coolant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by Perkins to reclaim the coolant.

For information regarding the disposal and the recycling of used coolant, consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor.

Flush

1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order

to remove any debris.

2. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug in the

engine. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug on the radiator.

NOTICE Do not fill the cooling system faster than 5 L (1.3 US gal) per minute to avoid air locks.

Cooling system air locks may result in engine damage.

2. Fill the cooling system with Commercial Heavy-

Duty Coolant. Add Supplemental Coolant Additive to the coolant. For the correct amount, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations” for more information on cooling system specifications. Do not install the cooling system filler cap.

3. Start and run the engine at low idle. Increase the

engine rpm to high idle. Run the engine at high idle for 1 minute in order to purge the air from the cavities of the engine block. Decrease the engine speed to low idle. Stop the engine.

4. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level

within 13 mm (0.5 inch) below the bottom of the pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level in the expansion bottle (if equipped) at the correct level.

NOTICE Do not fill the cooling system faster than 5 L (1.3 US gal) per minute to avoid air locks.

Cooling system air locks may result in engine damage.

SEBU8728 63

Maintenance Recommendations

Coolant (ELC) - Change

• The engine overheats frequently.

• Foaming of the coolant is observed.

• The oil has entered the cooling system and the coolant is contaminated.

• The fuel has entered the cooling system and the coolant is contaminated.

Note: When the cooling system is cleaned, only clean water is needed when the ELC is drained and replaced.

Note: Inspect the water pump and the water temperature regulator after the cooling system has

Illustration 30 g00103639

Filler cap

5. Clean the cooling system filler cap and inspect the gasket. If the gasket is damaged, discard the old filler cap and install a new filler cap. If the gasket is not damaged, use a suitable pressurizing pump in order to pressure test the filler cap. The correct pressure is stamped on the face of the filler cap. If the filler cap does not retain the correct pressure, install a new filler cap.

6. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for leaks and for correct operating temperature.

been drained. This is a good opportunity to replace the water pump, the water temperature regulator, and the hoses, if necessary.

Drain

i04150169

Coolant (ELC) - Change

Dispose of all fluids according to Local regulations and mandates.

NOTICE Keep all parts clean from contaminants.

Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life.

Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling system before the recommended maintenance interval if the following conditions exist:

1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool. Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling system filler cap.

Illustration 31 g01144180

Typical example

64 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Coolant (ELC) - Change

2. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug (1) on the engine. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug on the radiator.

Allow the coolant to drain.

For information regarding the disposal and the recycling of used coolant, consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor.

Flush

1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order

to remove any debris.

2. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug in the

engine. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug on the radiator.

NOTICE Do not fill the cooling system faster than 5 L (1.3 US gal) per minute to avoid air locks.

Cooling system air locks may result in engine damage.

2. Fill the cooling system with Extended Life Coolant

(ELC). Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations” for more information on cooling system specifications. Do not install the cooling system filler cap.

3. Start and run the engine at low idle. Increase the

engine rpm to high idle. Run the engine at high idle for 1 minute in order to purge the air from the cavities of the engine block. Decrease the engine speed to low idle. Stop the engine.

4. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level

within 13 mm (0.5 inch) below the bottom of the pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level in the expansion bottle (if equipped) at the correct level.

NOTICE Do not fill the cooling system faster than 5 L (1.3 US gal) per minute to avoid air locks.

Cooling system air locks may result in engine damage.

3. Fill the cooling system with clean water. Install the

cooling system filler cap.

4. Start and run the engine at low idle until the

temperature reaches 49 to 66 °C (120 to 150 °F).

5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.

Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling system filler cap. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug on the engine. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug on the radiator. Allow the water to drain. Flush the cooling system with clean water.

Fill

1. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug on the

engine. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug on the radiator.

Illustration 32 g00103639

Filler cap

6. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for leaks and for correct operating temperature.

SEBU8728 65

Maintenance Recommendations

Coolant Level - Check

i04150132

Coolant Level - Check

Engines With a Coolant Recovery Tank

Note: The cooling system may not have been

provided by Perkins. The procedure that follows is for typical cooling systems. Refer to the OEM information for the correct procedures.

Check the coolant level when the engine is stopped and cool.

Illustration 33 g00103639

NOTICE When any servicing or repair of the engine cooling system is performed the procedure must be performed with the engine on level ground. As the engine is on level ground, this will allow you to check the coolant level accurately. This will also help in avoiding the risk of introducing an air lock into the coolant system.

1. Observe the coolant level in the coolant recovery

tank. Maintain the coolant level to “COLD FULL” mark on the coolant recovery tank.

2. Loosen filler cap slowly in order to relieve any

pressure. Remove the filler cap.

4. Clean filler cap and the receptacle. Reinstall the filler cap and inspect the cooling system for leaks.

Note: The coolant will expand as the coolant heats up during normal engine operation. The additional volume will be forced into the coolant recovery tank during engine operation. When the engine is stopped and cool, the coolant will return to the engine.

Engines Without a Coolant Recovery Tank

Check the coolant level when the engine is stopped and cool.

3. Pour the correct coolant mixture into the tank. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations” for information on the correct mixture and type of coolant. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Refill Capacities” for the cooling system capacity. Do not fill the coolant recovery tank above “COLD FULL” mark.

Illustration 34 g00285520

Cooling system filler cap

66 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) - Test/Add

1. Remove the cooling system filler cap slowly in order to relieve pressure.

2. Maintain the coolant level at the maximum mark that is correct for your application. If the engine is equipped with a sight glass, maintain the coolant level to the correct level in the sight glass.

3. Clean the cooling system filler cap and inspect the gasket. If the gasket is damaged, discard the old filler cap and install a new filler cap. If the gasket is not damaged, use a suitable pressurizing pump in order to pressure test the filler cap. The correct pressure is stamped on the face of the filler cap. If the filler cap does not retain the correct pressure, install a new filler cap.

4. Inspect the cooling system for leaks.

i03644948

Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) - Test/ Add

Add the SCA, If Necessary

NOTICE Do not exceed the recommended amount of supplemental coolant additive concentration. Excessive supplemental coolant additive concentration can form deposits on the higher temperature surfaces of the cooling system, reducing the engine's heat transfer characteristics. Reduced heat transfer could cause cracking of the cylinder head and other high temperature components. Excessive supplemental coolant additive concentration could also result in radiator tube blockage, overheating, and/or accelerated water pump seal wear. Never use both liquid supplemental coolant additive and the spin-on element (if equipped) at the same time. The use of those additives together could result in supplemental coolant additive concentration exceeding the recommended maximum.

Cooling system coolant additive contains alkali. To help prevent personal injury, avoid contact with the skin and the eyes. Do not drink cooling system coolant additive.

Test for SCA Concentration

Heavy-Duty Coolant/Antifreeze and SCA

NOTICE Do not exceed the recommended six percent supplemental coolant additive concentration.

Use a Coolant Conditioner Test Kit in order to check the concentration of the SCA.

NOTICE When any servicing or repair of the engine cooling system is performed the procedure must be performed with the engine on level ground. This will allow you to accurately check the coolant level. This will also help in avoiding the risk of introducing an air lock into the coolant system.

1. Slowly loosen the cooling system filler cap in order

to relieve the pressure. Remove the cooling system filler cap.

Note: Always discard drained fluids according to local regulations.

2. If necessary, drain some coolant from the cooling

system into a suitable container in order to allow space for the extra SCA.

3. Add the correct amount of SCA. Refer to the

Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Refill Capacities and Recommendations” for more information on SCA requirements.

SEBU8728 67

Maintenance Recommendations

Driven Equipment - Check

4. Clean the cooling system filler cap and inspect the gasket. If the gasket is damaged, discard the old filler cap and install a new filler cap. If the gasket is not damaged, use a suitable pressurizing pump in order to pressure test the filler cap. The correct pressure is stamped on the face of the filler cap. If the filler cap does not retain the correct pressure, install a new filler cap.

i00174798

Driven Equipment - Check

Refer to the OEM specifications for more information on the following maintenance recommendations for the driven equipment:

• Inspection

• Adjustment

• Lubrication

• Other maintenance recommendations

Perform any maintenance for the driven equipment which is recommended by the OEM.

i02683047

Engine - Clean

Periodic cleaning of the engine is recommended. Steam cleaning the engine will remove accumulated oil and grease. A clean engine provides the following benefits:

• Easy detection of fluid leaks

• Maximum heat transfer characteristics

• Ease of maintenance

Note: Caution must be used in order to prevent electrical components from being damaged by excessive water when the engine is cleaned. When a pressure washer or steam cleaner is used to clean the engine, a minimum distance of 300 mm (12 inch) must be maintained between the components of the engine and the jet nozzle of the pressure washer or steam cleaner. Pressure washers and steam cleaners should not be directed at any electrical connectors or the junction of cables into the rear of the connectors. Avoid electrical components such as the alternator and the starter. Protect the fuel injection pump from fluids in order to wash the engine.

i04150582

Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element)

- Inspect/Clean/

Replace

Personal injury or death can result from high voltage.

Moisture can create paths of electrical conductivity.

Make sure that the electrical system is OFF. Lock out the starting controls and tag the controls ““DO NOT OPERATE”” .

NOTICE Accumulated grease and oil on an engine is a fire hazard. Keep the engine clean. Remove debris and fluid spills whenever a significant quantity accumulates on the engine.

NOTICE Failure to protect some engine components from washing may make your engine warranty invalid. Allow the engine to cool for one hour before washing the engine.

NOTICE Never run the engine without an air cleaner element installed. Never run the engine with a damaged air cleaner element. Do not use air cleaner elements with damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Dirt entering the engine causes premature wear and damage to engine components. Air cleaner elements help to prevent airborne debris from entering the air inlet.

NOTICE Never service the air cleaner element with the engine running since this will allow dirt to enter the engine.

Servicing the Air Cleaner Elements

Note: The air filter system may not have been

provided by Perkins . The procedure that follows is for a typical air filter system. Refer to the OEM information for the correct procedure.

If the air cleaner element becomes plugged, the air can split the material of the air cleaner element. Unfiltered air will drastically accelerate internal engine wear. Refer to the OEM information for the correct air

cleaner elements for your application.

68 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) - Inspect/Clean/Replace

• Check the precleaner (if equipped) and the dust bowl daily for accumulation of dirt and debris. Remove any dirt and debris, as needed.

• Operating in dirty conditions may require more frequent service of the air cleaner element.

• The air cleaner element should be replaced at least one time per year. This replacement should be performed regardless of the number of cleanings.

Replace the dirty air cleaner elements with clean air cleaner elements. Before installation, the air cleaner

elements should be thoroughly checked for tears and/ or holes in the filter material. Inspect the gasket or the seal of the air cleaner element for damage. Maintain a supply of suitable air cleaner elements for replacement purposes.

Dual Element Air Cleaners

The dual element air cleaner contains a primary air cleaner element and a secondary air cleaner element.

The primary air cleaner element can be used up to six times if the element is properly cleaned and properly inspected. The primary air cleaner element should be replaced at least one time per year. This replacement should be performed regardless of the number of cleanings.

The secondary air cleaner element is not serviceable. Refer to the OEM information for instructions in order

to replace the secondary air cleaner element.

When the engine is operating in environments that are dusty or dirty, air cleaner elements may require more frequent replacement.

2. The secondary air cleaner element should be removed and discarded for every three cleanings of the primary air cleaner element.

Note: Refer to “Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner Elements”.

3. Cover the air inlet with tape in order to keep out dirt.

4. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cover and body with a clean, dry cloth.

5. Remove the tape from the air inlet. Install the secondary air cleaner element. Install a primary air cleaner element that is new or cleaned.

6. Install the air cleaner cover.

7. Reset the air cleaner service indicator.

Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner Elements

Refer to the OEM information in order to determine the number of times that the primary filter element

can be cleaned. When the primary air cleaner element is cleaned, check for rips or tears in the filter material. The primary air cleaner element should be replaced at least one time per year. This replacement should be performed regardless of the number of cleanings.

NOTICE

Do not tap or strike the air cleaner element.

Do not wash the primary air cleaner element.

Use low pressure (207 kPa; 30 psi maximum) pressurized air or vacuum cleaning to clean the primary air cleaner element.

Illustration 35 g00736431

(1) Cover (2) Primary air cleaner element (3) Secondary air cleaner element (4) Air inlet

1. Remove the cover. Remove the primary air cleaner element.

Take extreme care in order to avoid damage to the air cleaner elements.

Do not use air cleaner elements that have damaged pleats, gaskets, or seals.

Refer to the OEM information in order to determine the number of times that the primary air cleaner

element can be cleaned. Do not clean the primary air filter element more than three times. The primary air cleaner element must be replaced at least one time

per year.

Cleaning the air filter element will not extend the life of the air filter element.

Visually inspect the primary air cleaner element before cleaning. Inspect air cleaner elements for damage to the pleats, the seals, the gaskets, and the outer cover. Discard any damaged air cleaner element.

SEBU8728 69

Maintenance Recommendations

Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) - Inspect/Clean/Replace

Two methods may be used in order to clean the primary air cleaner element:

• pressurized air

• Vacuum cleaning

Pressurized Air

Personal injury can result from air pressure.

Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.

Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.

Pressurized air can be used to clean primary air cleaner elements that have not been cleaned more

than three times. Use filtered, dry air with a maximum pressure of 207 kPa (30 psi). Pressurized air will not remove deposits of carbon and oil.

Vacuum Cleaning

Vacuum cleaning is a good method for removing accumulated dirt from the dirty side (outside) of a primary air cleaner element. Vacuum cleaning is especially useful for cleaning primary air cleaner elements which require daily cleaning because of a dry, dusty environment.

Cleaning from the clean side (inside) with pressurized air is recommended prior to vacuum cleaning the dirty side (outside) of a primary air cleaner element.

Note: Refer to “Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner Elements”.

Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner Elements

Illustration 36 g00281692

Note: When the primary air cleaner elements are cleaned, always begin with the clean side (inside) in order to force dirt particles toward the dirty side (outside).

Aim the air hose so that air flows along the length of the filter. Follow the direction of the paper pleats in order to prevent damage to the pleats. Do not aim the air directly at the face of the paper pleats.

Note: Refer to “Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner Elements”.

Illustration 37 g00281693

Inspect the clean, dry primary air cleaner element. Use a 60 W blue light in a dark room or in a similar facility. Place the blue light in the primary air cleaner element. Rotate the primary air cleaner element. Inspect the primary air cleaner element for tears and/ or holes. Inspect the primary air cleaner element for light that may show through the filter material. If it is necessary in order to confirm the result, compare the primary air cleaner element to a new primary air cleaner element that has the same part number.

Do not use a primary air cleaner element that has any tears and/or holes in the filter material. Do not use a

primary air cleaner element with damaged pleats, gaskets, or seals. Discard damaged primary air cleaner elements.

70 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) - Inspect/Clean/Replace

i04150591

Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) - Inspect/

Clean/Replace

Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator-Inspect”.

NOTICE Never service the air cleaner element with the engine running since this will allow dirt to enter the engine.

Illustration 38 g00103777

Typical service indicator

Observe the service indicator. The air cleaner element should be cleaned or the air cleaner element should be replaced when one of the following

conditions occur:

• The yellow diaphragm enters the red zone.

• The red piston locks in the visible position.

A wide variety of air cleaners may be installed for use with this engine. Consult the OEM information for the correct procedure to replace the air cleaner.

i02335405

Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect

Some engines may be equipped with a different service indicator.

Some engines are equipped with a differential gauge for inlet air pressure. The differential gauge for inlet air pressure displays the difference that is measured before the air cleaner element and

the pressure that is measured after the air cleaner element. As the air cleaner element becomes dirty, the pressure differential rises. If your engine is equipped with a different type of service indicator, follow the OEM recommendations in order to service

the air cleaner service indicator.

The service indicator may be mounted on the air cleaner element or in a remote location.

in the pressure

Test the Service Indicator

Service indicators are important instruments.

• Check for ease of resetting. The service indicator should reset in less than three pushes.

• Check the movement of the yellow core when the engine is accelerated to the engine rated speed. The yellow core should latch at the greatest vacuum that is attained.

If the service indicator does not reset easily, or if the yellow core does not latch at the greatest vacuum, the service indicator should be replaced. If the new service indicator will not reset, the hole for the service

indicator may be restricted.

The service indicator may need to be replaced frequently in environments that are severely dusty.

SEBU8728 71

Maintenance Recommendations

Engine Air Precleaner - Check/Clean

i02343354

Engine Air Precleaner - Check/ Clean

Illustration 40 g01350307

Typical example

1. Place a container under the canister (1).

2. Clean the outside of the canister. Use a suitable

Illustration 39 g00287039

Typical example

(1) Wing nut (2) Cover (3) Body

Remove wing nut (1) and cover (2). Check for an accumulation of dirt and debris in body (3). Clean the body, if necessary.

tool in order to remove the canister.

3. Lubricate the O ring seal (2) on the new canister

with clean engine lubricating oil. Install the new canister. Tighten the canister to 12 N·m (8 lb ft). Do not overtighten the canister.

4. Remove the container. Dispose of the old canister

and any split oil in a safe place.

After cleaning the precleaner, install cover (2) and wing nut (1).

Note: When the engine is operated in dusty applications, more frequent cleaning is required.

i04150031

Engine Crankcase Breather Replace

NOTICE Ensure that the engine is stopped before any servicing or repair is performed.

Note: The breather assembly is not installed on all engines.

5. Inspect the breather tube for damage. Ensure that the outlet is clean and free from any obstructions. Ice can cause obstructions in adverse weather conditions.

i02323089

Engine Mounts - Inspect

Note: The engine mounts may not have been

supplied by Perkins. Refer to the OEM information for further information on the engine mounts and the correct bolt torque.

Inspect the engine mounts for deterioration and for correct bolt torque. Engine vibration can be caused by the following conditions:

• Incorrect mounting of the engine

• Deterioration of the engine mounts

• Loose engine mounts

Any engine mount that shows deterioration should be replaced. Refer to the OEM information for the recommended torques.

72 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Engine Oil Level - Check

i02335785

Engine Oil Level - Check

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to contact the skin.

Illustration 41 g01165836

(Y) “Min” mark. (X) “Max” mark.

NOTICE

Perform this maintenance with the engine stopped.

Note: Ensure that the engine is either level or that the engine is in the normal operating position in order to obtain a true level indication.

i01907674

Engine Oil Sample - Obtain

The condition of the engine lubricating oil may be checked at regular intervals as part of a preventive maintenance program. Perkins include an oil sampling valve as an option. The oil sampling valve (if equipped) is included in order to regularly sample the engine lubricating oil. The oil sampling valve is positioned on the oil filter head or the oil sampling valve is positioned on the cylinder block.

Perkins recommends using a sampling valve in order to obtain oil samples. The quality and the consistency of the samples are better when a sampling valve is used. The location of the sampling valve allows oil that is flowing under pressure to be obtained during normal engine operation.

Obtain the Sample and the Analysis

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to contact the skin.

In order to help obtain the most accurate analysis, record the following information before an oil sample is taken:

• The date of the sample

• Engine model

• Engine number

Note: After the engine has been switched OFF, wait for ten minutes in order to allow the engine oil to drain to the oil pan before checking the oil level.

1. Maintain the oil level between the “ADD” mark (Y) and the “FULL” mark (X) on the engine oil dipstick. Do not fill the crankcase above the “FULL” mark (X).

NOTICE Operating your engine when the oil level is above the “FULL” mark could cause your crankshaft to dip into the oil. The air bubbles created from the crankshaft dipping into the oil reduces the oil's lubricating characteristics and could result in the loss of power.

2. Remove the oil filler cap and add oil, if necessary.

Clean the oil filler cap. Install the oil filler cap.

• Service hours on the engine

• The number of hours that have accumulated since the last oil change

• The amount of oil that has been added since the last oil change

Ensure that the container for the sample is clean and dry. Also ensure that the container for the sample is clearly labelled.

To ensure that the sample is representative of the oil in the crankcase, obtain a warm, well mixed oil

sample.

To avoid contamination of the oil samples, the tools and the supplies that are used for obtaining oil samples must be clean.

SEBU8728 73

Maintenance Recommendations

Engine Oil and Filter - Change

The sample can be checked for the following: the quality of the oil, the existence of any coolant in the oil, the existence of any ferrous metal particles in the oil and the existence of any nonferrous metal particles in the oil.

i04150473

Engine Oil and Filter - Change

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to contact the skin.

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

Illustration 42 g02343856

Typical example

• If the engine is equipped with a drain valve, turn the drain valve knob counterclockwise in order to drain the oil. After the oil has drained, turn the drain valve knob clockwise in order to close the drain valve.

NOTICE

Keep all parts clean from contaminants.

Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life.

Do not drain the engine lubricating oil when the engine is cold. As the engine lubricating oil cools, suspended waste particles settle on the bottom of the oil pan. The waste particles are not removed with draining cold oil. Drain the oil pan with the engine stopped. Drain the oil pan with the oil warm. This draining method allows the waste particles that are suspended in the oil to be drained properly.

Failure to follow this recommended procedure will cause the waste particles to be recirculated through the engine lubrication system with the new oil.

Drain the Engine Lubricating Oil

Note: Ensure that the vessel that will be used is large

enough to collect the waste oil.

After the engine has been run at the normal operating temperature, stop the engine. Use one of the following methods to drain the engine oil pan:

• If the engine is not equipped with a drain valve, remove the oil drain plug (1) in order to allow the oil to drain. If the engine is equipped with a shallow oil pan, remove the bottom oil drain plugs from both ends of the oil pan.

After the oil has drained, the oil drain plugs should be cleaned and installed. If necessary, replace the O ring seal. Tighten the drain plug to 34 N·m (25 lb ft).

Replace the Oil Filter

NOTICE Perkins oil filters are manufactured to Perkins specifications. Use of an oil filter that is not recommended by Perkins could result in severe damage to the engine bearings, or crankshaft, as a result of the larger waste particles from unfiltered oil entering the engine lubricating system. Only use oil filters recommended by Perkins.

1. Remove the oil filter with a suitable tool.

Note: The following actions can be carried out as part

of the preventive maintenance program.

74 Maintenance Recommendations

Engine Valve Lash - Check

SEBU8728

2. Cut the oil filter open with a suitable tool. Break apart the pleats and inspect the oil filter for metal debris. An excessive amount of metal debris in the oil filter may indicate early wear or a pending failure.

Use a magnet to differentiate between the ferrous metals and the nonferrous metals that are found in

the oil filter element. Ferrous metals may indicate wear on the steel and cast iron parts of the engine.

Nonferrous metals may indicate wear on the aluminum parts, brass parts, or bronze parts of the engine. Parts that may be affected include the following items: main bearings, rod bearings and turbocharger bearings.

Due to normal wear and friction, it is not uncommon to find small amounts of debris in the oil filter.

Fill the Oil Pan

1. Remove the oil filler cap. Refer to this Operation

and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations” for more information on suitable oils. Fill the oil pan with the correct amount of new engine lubricating oil. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Refill Capacities” for more information on refill capacities.

NOTICE If equipped with an auxiliary oil filter system or a remote filter system, follow the OEM or the filter manufacture's recommendations. Under filling or over filling the crankcase with oil can cause engine damage.

2. Start the engine and run the engine at “LOW IDLE”

for 2 minutes. Perform this procedure in order to ensure that the lubrication system has oil and that the oil filters are filled. Inspect the oil filter for oil leaks.

3. Stop the engine and allow the oil to drain back to

the oil pan for a minimum of 10 minutes.

Illustration 43 g02343857

Typical example

3. Clean sealing surface of the oil filter base (2).

4. Apply clean engine oil to O ring seal (3) for the new

oil filter.

NOTICE Do not fill the oil filters with oil before installing them. This oil would not be filtered and could be contaminated. Contaminated oil can cause accelerated wear to engine components.

5. Install the new oil filter. Spin on the oil filter until the

O ring contacts the sealing surface (2). Then rotate the oil filter ¾ of a full turn.

Illustration 44 g01165836

(Y) “Min” mark. (X) “Max” mark.

4. Remove the engine oil level gauge in order to check the oil level. Maintain the oil level between the “MIN” and “MAX” marks on the engine oil level gauge.

i04243870

Engine Valve Lash - Check

This maintenance is recommended by Perkins as part of a lubrication and preventive maintenance schedule in order to help provide maximum engine life.

SEBU8728

NOTICE Only qualified service personel should perform this maintenance. Refer to the Service Manual or your authorized Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for the complete valve lash adjustment procedure.

Operation of Perkins engines with incorrect valve lash can reduce engine efficiency, and also reduce engine component life.

Ensure that the engine cannot be started while this maintenance is being performed. To help prevent possible injury, do not use the starting motor to turn the flywheel.

Hot engine components can cause burns. Allow additional time for the engine to cool before measuring/adjusting valve lash clearance.

Maintenance Recommendations

Fan Clearance - Check

Ensure that the engine is stopped before measuring the valve lash. The engine valve lash can be inspected and adjusted when the temperature of the engine is hot or cold.

Refer to Systems Operation, Testing, and Adjusting, “Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust” for more information.

i04145852

Fan Clearance - Check

There are different the OEM for information on clearance for the fan.

Ensure that the engine is stopped. Ensure that the cooling system is full. The clearance between the cover (1) and the fan (2) will require checking. The gap (A) between the edge of the cover and the tip of the fan blade must be checked in four equally spaced positions.

types of cooling systems. Refer to

76 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Fuel System - Prime

Illustration 45 g01348394

Typical example

Adjustment of the cover will change the clearance (gap) between the edge of the cover and the tip of the fan blade. Ensure that the cover is centralized to the

fan.

The maximum clearance is 15 mm (0.591 inch). The minimum clearance is 10 mm (0.394 inch).

i05752227

Fuel System - Prime

• The fuel tank is empty or the fuel tank has been partially drained.

• The low-pressure fuel lines are disconnected.

• A leak exists in the low-pressure fuel system.

• The fuel filter is replaced.

Use the following procedures in order to remove air from the fuel system:

Type 1 Fuel Filters

If air enters the fuel system, the air must be purged from the fuel system before the engine can be started. Air can enter the fuel system when the following events occur:

SEBU8728

Illustration 46 g02791865

Typical example

Maintenance Recommendations

Fuel System - Prime

NOTICE Do not crank the engine continuously for more than 30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two minutes before cranking the engine again.

8. Cycle the throttle lever from the low idle position to

the high idle position three times. The cycle time for the throttle lever is one second to 6 seconds for one complete cycle.

Note: To purge air from the fuel injection pump on engines with a fixed throttle, the engine should be run at full load for 30 seconds. The load should then be decreased until the engine is at high idle. This should be repeated three times. This will assist in removing trapped air from the fuel injection pump.

9. Check for leaks in the fuel system.

Type 2 Fuel Filters

1. Loosen the vent screw (1) on the secondary fuel

filter base.

2. Operate the priming lever of the fuel priming pump to eliminate any air between the fuel priming pump and the fuel filters.

Note: The fuel priming pump is mechanically operated by the camshaft. If the lobe of the camshaft is acting upon the arm of the fuel priming pump, the ability to hand prime the fuel system will be reduced. If the resistance on the priming lever is low, rotate the crankshaft in order to move the camshaft lobe off the fuel priming pump arm.

3. Operate priming lever of the fuel priming pump by hand. Check that there is correct resistance on the fuel priming pump. Operate the fuel priming pump until fuel, free of air, comes from the vent screw.

4. Tighten the vent screw (1) to a torque of 20 N·m (15 lb ft)

5. Energize the stop solenoid on the fuel injection pump. Operate the priming lever of the fuel priming pump several times.

6. Crank the engine with the throttle lever in the CLOSED position until the engine starts.

7. Start the engine and run the engine at idle for 1 minute.

Illustration 47 g03651564

Typical example

1. Loosen the vent plug (1) on the primary fuel filter base.

2. Operate the priming lever of the fuel priming pump to eliminate any air between the fuel priming pump and the fuel filters.

78 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator) Element - Replace

Note: Refer to Systems Operation, Testing and

3. Operate priming lever of the fuel priming pump by

hand. Check that there is correct resistance on the fuel priming pump. Operate the fuel priming pump until fuel, free of air, comes from the vent screw.

Adjusting, “Cleanliness of Fuel System Components” for detailed information on the standards of cleanliness that must be observed during ALL work on the fuel system.

4. Tighten the vent plug (1).

5. Energize the stop solenoid on the fuel injection

pump. Operate the priming lever of the fuel priming pump several times.

6. Crank the engine with the throttle lever in the CLOSED position until the engine starts.

7. Start the engine and run the engine at idle for 1 minute.

NOTICE Do not crank the engine continuously for more than 30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two minutes before cranking the engine again.

8. Cycle the throttle lever from the low idle position to

the high idle position three times. The cycle time for the throttle lever is one second to 6 seconds for one complete cycle.

NOTICE Ensure that the engine is stopped before any servicing or repair is performed.

Type 1 Fuel Filter

1. Turn the fuel supply valve (if equipped) to the OFF

position before performing this maintenance.

2. Drain the water separator. Refer to Operation and

Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System Primary Filter/ Water Separator - Drain” for the correct procedure.

9. Check for leaks in the fuel system.

i05752339

Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator) Element Replace

Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical components can cause a fire. To help prevent possible injury, turn the start switch off when changing fuel filters or water separator elements. Clean up fuel spills immediately.

Illustration 48 g02351587

Typical example

3. Hold bowl (5) and remove screw (1). Remove bowl

(5) from canister. Remove O-ring (4). Discard Oring (4).

4. Use a suitable tool in order to remove canister (3).

Remove O-ring (2). Discard canister (3) in a safe place. Discard O-ring (2).

5. Clean bowl (5).

SEBU8728 79

Maintenance Recommendations

Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator) Element - Replace

6. Lubricate the O ring (2) with clean engine oil on the new canister (3).

7. Install the new canister (3). Spin on the canister until the O ring (2) contacts the filter base. The canister will require a ¾ of a full turn or one full turn in order to tighten the canister correctly.

8. Install new O ring (4) into the bowl.

9. Align the bowl (5) to the canister (3). Install

setscrew (1). Tighten the setscrew to a torque of 5 N·m (44 lb in).

10. Remove the container and dispose of the fuel in a safe place.

11. The secondary filter must be replaced at the same time as the primary filter. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace”.

Type 2 Fuel Filter

1. Turn the fuel supply valve (if equipped) to the OFF

position before performing this maintenance.

2. Drain the water separator. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System Primary Filter/ Water Separator - Drain” for the correct procedure.

Note: If the fuel filter does not have a drain device installed, release the cap (1) on top of the fuel filter base. Remove the nylon insert to lower the level of the fuel in the filter canister. This will prevent fuel spill when the clamp ring (2) is released.

Illustration 49 g03651641

Typical example

3. Support filter canister (3). Rotate the clamp ring (2) to the left. Remove the clamp ring (2).

4. Remove the canister (3) from the fuel filter base by a direct pull downwards. Discard canister (3) in a safe place.

5. If a sediment bowl (4) is installed, remove the bowl. Remove O-rings. Discard O-rings.

6. Clean bowl (4).

7. Install new O-rings to the bowl (4).

8. Install bowl (4) to new canister (3). Tighten bowl by

hand pressure only

9. Ensure that the fuel filter base is clean. Install the new canister (3) to the fuel filter base.

10. Support the canister (3), install the clamp ring (2). Rotate the clamp ring (2) to the right to fasten the canister to the fuel filter base.

11. If the nylon insert was removed to lower the fuel level in the fuel filter, ensure that it is installed correctly and install the cap (1).

80 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator - Drain

12. Remove the container and dispose of the fuel in a safe place.

13. The secondary filter must be replaced at the same time as the primary filter. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace”.

i05752285

Fuel System Primary Filter/ Water Separator - Drain

Illustration 50 g02351572

Typical example

NOTICE Ensure that the engine is stopped before any servicing or repair is performed.

NOTICE The water separator can be under suction during normal engine operation. Ensure that the drain valve is tightened securely to help prevent air from entering the fuel system.

Type 1 Fuel Filter

1. Place a suitable container under the water

separator in order to catch any fuel that might spill. Clean up any spilled fuel.

2. Install a suitable tube onto drain (1). Open drain (1). Allow the fluid to drain into the container.

3. Tighten drain (1) by hand pressure only. Remove the tube and dispose of the drained fluid in a safe place.

Type 2 Fuel Filter

1. Place a suitable container under the water

separator in order to catch any fuel that might spill. Clean up any spilled fuel.

SEBU8728 81

Maintenance Recommendations

Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace

NOTICE Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly clean the area around a fuel system component that will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over disconnected fuel system component.

Type 1 Fuel Filter

1. Ensure that the fuel supply valve (if equipped) is in

the OFF position. Place a suitable container under the fuel filter in order to catch any fuel that might spill. Clean up any spilled fuel.

Illustration 51 g03651584

Typical example

2. Install a suitable tube onto drain (1). Open drain (1). Allow the fluid to drain into the container.

3. Tighten drain (1) by hand pressure only. Remove the tube and dispose of the drained fluid in a safe place.

i05752342

Fuel System Secondary Filter Replace

Note: Refer to Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting, “Cleanliness of Fuel System Components” for detailed information on the standards of cleanliness that must be observed during ALL work on the fuel system.

NOTICE Ensure that the engine is stopped before any servicing or repair is performed.

Illustration 52 g02351596

Typical example

2. Clean the outside of the fuel filter. Use a suitable tool in order to remove canister (2) from the engine and dispose of the canister in a safe place.

3. Lubricate O ring (1) with clean engine oil. Do not fill the new canister with fuel before the canister is installed.

4. Do not use a tool in order to install the canister. Tighten the canister by hand.

82 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain

5. Install the new canister. Spin on the canister until the O ring seal contacts the filter base. The canister will require ¾ of a full turn or one full turn in order to tighten the canister correctly.

6. Remove the container and dispose of the fluid in a safe place. If equipped, open the fuel supply valve.

7. Prime the fuel system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System - Prime” for more information.

Type 2 Fuel Filter

1. Ensure that the fuel supply valve (if equipped) is in

the OFF position. Place a suitable container under the fuel filter in order to catch any fuel that might spill. Clean up any spilled fuel.

3. Remove the canister (3) from the fuel filter base by a direct pull downwards. Discard canister (3) in a safe place.

4. Ensure that the fuel filter base is clean. Install the new canister (3) to the fuel filter base.

5. Support the canister (3), install the clamp ring (2). Rotate the clamp ring (2) to the right to fasten the canister to the fuel filter base.

6. If the nylon insert was removed to lower the fuel level in the fuel filter, ensure that it is installed correctly and install the cap (1).

7. Remove the container and dispose of the fuel in a safe place.

8. The secondary filter must be replaced at the same time as the primary filter. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace”.

i02348492

Fuel Tank Water and Sediment

Illustration 53 g03651726

Typical example

2. Support filter canister (3). Rotate the clamp ring (2) to the left. Remove the clamp ring (2).

- Drain

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

Fuel Tank

Fuel quality is critical to the performance and to the service life of the engine. Water in the fuel can cause excessive wear to the fuel system.

Water can be introduced into the fuel tank when the fuel tank is being filled.

Condensation occurs during the heating and cooling of fuel. The condensation occurs as the fuel passes through the fuel system and the fuel returns to the fuel tank. This causes water to accumulate in fuel

tanks. Draining the fuel tank regularly and obtaining fuel from reliable sources can help to eliminate water in the fuel.

SEBU8728 83

Maintenance Recommendations

Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace

Drain the Water and the Sediment

Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining water and draining sediment from the bottom of the fuel tanks.

Open the drain valve on the bottom of the fuel tank in order to drain the water and the sediment. Close the

drain valve.

Check the fuel daily. Allow five minutes after the fuel tank has been filled before draining water and sediment from the fuel tank.

Fill the fuel tank after operating the engine in order to drive out moist air. This will help prevent condensation. Do not fill the tank to the top. The fuel expands as the fuel gets warm. The tank may overflow.

Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel

supply pipe. Some fuel tanks use supply lines that take fuel directly from the bottom of the tank. If the engine is equipped with this system, regular maintenance of the fuel system filter is important.

Fuel Storage Tanks

Drain the water and the sediment from the fuel storage tank at the following intervals:

• Weekly

• Service intervals

• Refill of the tank

This will help prevent water or sediment from being pumped from the storage tank into the engine fuel tank.

If a bulk storage tank has been refilled or moved recently, allow adequate time for the sediment to settle before filling the engine fuel tank. Internal baffles in the bulk storage tank will also help trap sediment. Filtering fuel that is pumped from the storage tank helps to ensure the quality of the fuel. When possible, water separators should be used.

i02349879

Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/

If you inspect the engine in operation, always use the proper inspection procedure in order to avoid a fluid penetration hazard. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “General hazard Information”.

Inspect all hoses for leaks that are caused by the following conditions:

• Cracking

• Softness

• Loose clamps

Replace hoses that are cracked or soft. Tighten any loose clamps.

Check for the following conditions:

• End fittings that are damaged or leaking

• Outer covering that is chafed or cut

• Exposed wire that is used for reinforcement

• Outer covering that is ballooning locally

• Flexible part of the hose that is kinked or crushed

• Armoring that is embedded in the outer covering

A constant torque hose clamp can be used in place of any standard hose clamp. Ensure that the constant torque hose clamp is the same size as the standard clamp.

Due to extreme temperature changes, the hose will harden. Hardening of the hoses will cause hose clamps to loosen. This can result in leaks. A constant torque hose clamp will help to prevent loose hose clamps.

Each installation application can be different. The differences depend on the following factors:

• Type of hose

• Type of fitting material

• Anticipated expansion and contraction of the hose

• Anticipated expansion and contraction of the

fittings

Replace

Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow these inspection, maintenance and service instructions may cause personal injury or death.

Replace the Hoses and the Clamps

Refer to the OEM information for further information on removing and replacing fuel hoses (if equipped).

The coolant system and the hoses for the coolant system are not usually supplied by Perkins. The following text describes a typical method of replacing coolant hoses. Refer to the OEM information for

further information on the coolant system and the hoses for the coolant system.

84 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Radiator - Clean

1. Stop the engine. Allow the engine to cool.

2. Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in order

to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling system filler cap.

Note: Drain the coolant into a suitable, clean container. The coolant can be reused.

3. Drain the coolant from the cooling system to a level that is below the hose that is being replaced.

4. Remove the hose clamps.

5. Disconnect the old hose.

6. Replace the old hose with a new hose.

7. Install the hose clamps with a torque wrench.

Note: For the correct coolant, see this Operation and

Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations”.

8. Refill the cooling system. Refer to the OEM information for further information on refilling the cooling system.

9. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the cooling system filler cap's seals. Replace the cooling system filler cap if the seals are damaged. Install the cooling system filler cap.

10. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for leaks.

Personal injury can result from air pressure.

Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.

Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.

Pressurized air is the preferred method for removing loose debris. Direct the air in the opposite direction to the fan's air flow. Hold the nozzle approximately 6 mm (0.25 inch) away from the radiator fins. Slowly move the air nozzle in a direction that is parallel with the radiator tube assembly. This will remove debris that is between the tubes.

Pressurized water may also be used for cleaning. The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes must be less than 275 kPa (40 psi). Use pressurized water in order to soften mud. Clean the core from both

sides.

Use a degreaser and steam for removal of oil and grease. Clean both sides of the core. Wash the core with detergent and hot water. Thoroughly rinse the core with clean water.

If the radiator is blocked internally, refer to the OEM Manual for information regarding flushing the cooling system.

After cleaning the radiator, start the engine. Allow the engine to operate at low idle speed for three to five minutes. Accelerate the engine to high idle. This will help in the removal of debris and the drying of the core. Slowly reduce the engine speed to low idle and then stop the engine. Use a light bulb behind the core in order to inspect the core for cleanliness. Repeat the cleaning, if necessary.

Inspect the fins for damage. Bent fins may be opened with a “comb”. Inspect these items for good condition: Welds, mounting brackets, air lines, connections, clamps and seals. Make repairs, if necessary.

i02335774

Radiator - Clean

The radiator is not usually supplied by Perkins. The following text describes a typical cleaning procedure for the radiator. Refer to the OEM information for

further information on cleaning the radiator.

Note: Adjust the frequency of cleaning according to the eff

ects of the operating environment.

Inspect the radiator for these items: Damaged fins, corrosion, dirt, grease, insects, leaves, oil and other debris. Clean the radiator, if necessary.

i02177969

Starting Motor - Inspect

Perkins recommends a scheduled inspection of the starting motor. If the starting motor fails, the engine may not start in an emergency situation.

Check the starting motor for correct operation. Check the electrical connections and clean the electrical

connections. Refer to the Systems Operation, Testing

and Adjusting Manual Test” for more information on the checking procedure and for specifications or consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for assistance.

“Electric Starting System -

SEBU8728 85

Maintenance Recommendations

Turbocharger - Inspect

i04149590

Turbocharger - Inspect

A regular visual inspection of the turbocharger is recommended. If the turbocharger fails during engine operation, damage to the turbocharger compressor wheel and/or to the engine may occur. Damage to the turbocharger compressor wheel can cause additional damage to the pistons, the valves, and the cylinder head.

NOTICE Turbocharger bearing failures can cause large quantities of oil to enter the air intake and exhaust systems. Loss of engine lubricant can result in serious engine damage.

Minor leakage of oil into a turbocharger under extended low idle operation should not cause problems as long as a turbocharger bearing failure has not occured.

When a turbocharger bearing failure is accompanied by a significant engine performance loss (exhaust smoke or engine rpm up at no load), do not continue engine operation until the turbocharger is renewed.

A visual inspection of the turbocharger can minimize unscheduled downtime. A visual inspection of the turbocharger can also reduce the chance for potential damage to other engine parts.

Removal and Installation

For options regarding the removal, installation, and replacement, consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor. Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly, “Turbocharger - Remove and Turbocharger - Install” and Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting, “Turbocharger - Inspect” for further information.

Inspecting

NOTICE The compressor housing for the turbocharger must not be removed from the turbocharger for inspection or removed for the cleaning of the compressor.

2. Check for obvious heat discoloration of the turbocharger. Check for any loose bolts or any missing bolts. Check for damage to the oil supply line and the oil drain line. Check for cracks in the housing of the turbocharger. Ensure that the compressor wheel can rotate freely.

3. Check for the presence of oil. If oil is leaking from the back side of the compressor wheel, there is a possibility of a failed turbocharger oil seal.

The presence of oil may be the result of extended engine operation at low idle. The presence of oil may also be the result of a restriction of the line for the intake air (clogged air filters), which causes the turbocharger to slobber.

4. Inspect the bore of the housing of the turbine outlet for corrosion.

5. Fasten the air intake pipe and the exhaust outlet pipe to the turbocharger housing. Ensure that all clamps are installed correctly and that all clamps are tightened securely.

i02678854

Walk-Around Inspection

Inspect the Engine for Leaks and for Loose Connections

A walk-around inspection should only take a few minutes. When the time is taken to perform these checks, costly repairs and accidents can be avoided.

For maximum engine service life, make a thorough inspection of the engine compartment before starting the engine. Look for items such as oil leaks or coolant leaks, loose bolts, worn belts, loose connections and

trash buildup. Make repairs, as needed:

• The guards must be in the correct place. Repair

damaged guards or replace missing guards.

• Wipe all caps and plugs before the engine is

serviced in order to reduce the chance of system contamination.

1. Remove the pipe from the turbocharger exhaust outlet and remove the air intake pipe to the turbocharger. Visually inspect the piping for the presence of oil. Clean the interior of the pipes in order to prevent dirt from entering during reassembly.

NOTICE For any type of leak (coolant, lube, or fuel) clean up the fluid. If leaking is observed, find the source and correct the leak. If leaking is suspected, check the fluid levels more often than recommended until the leak is found or fixed, or until the suspicion of a leak is proved to be unwarranted.

86 SEBU8728 Maintenance Recommendations

Water Pump - Inspect

NOTICE Accumulated grease and/or oil on an engine is a fire hazard. Remove the accumulated grease and oil. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine - Clean” for more information.

• Ensure that the cooling system hoses are correctly

clamped and that the cooling system hoses are tight. Check for leaks. Check the condition of all pipes.

• Inspect the water pump for coolant leaks.

Note: The water pump seal is lubricated by the coolant in the cooling system. It is normal for a small amount of leakage to occur as the engine cools down and the parts contract.

Excessive coolant leakage may indicate the need to replace the water pump seal. For the removal of the water pump and the installation of water pump and/or seal, refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual, “Water Pump - Remove and Install” for more information or consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor.

• Inspect the lubrication system for leaks at the front

crankshaft seal, the rear crankshaft seal, the oil pan, the oil filters and the rocker cover.

• Inspect the fuel system for leaks. Look for loose

fuel line clamps and/or tie-wraps.

• Inspect the piping for the air intake system and the

elbows for cracks and for loose clamps. Ensure that hoses and tubes are not contacting other hoses, tubes, wiring harnesses, etc.

• Drain the water and the sediment from the fuel tank on a daily basis in order to ensure that only clean fuel enters the fuel system.

• Inspect the wiring and the wiring harnesses for loose connections and for worn wires or frayed wires.

• Inspect the ground strap for a good connection and for good condition.

• Disconnect any battery chargers that are not protected against the current drain of the starting motor. Check the condition and the electrolyte level of the batteries, unless the engine is equipped with a maintenance free battery.

• Check the condition of the gauges. Replace any gauges that are cracked. Replace any gauge that can not be calibrated.

i02794207

Water Pump - Inspect

A failed water pump may cause severe engine overheating problems that could result in the following conditions:

• Cracks in the cylinder head

• A piston seizure

• Other potential damage to the engine

• Inspect the alternator belts and any accessory drive belts for cracks, breaks or other damage.

Belts for multiple groove pulleys must be replaced as matched sets. If only one belt is replaced, the belt will carry more load than the belts that are not replaced. The older belts are stretched. The additional load on

the new belt could cause the belt to break.

Illustration 54 g01249453

(1) Weep hole

SEBU8728 87

Maintenance Recommendations

Water Pump - Inspect

Note: The water pump seal is lubricated by the coolant in the cooling system. It is normal for a small amount of leakage to occur as the engine cools down and parts contract.

Visually inspect the water pump for leaks.

Note: If engine coolant enters the engine lubricating system the lubricating oil and the engine oil filter must be replaced. This will remove any contamination that is caused by the coolant and this will prevent any irregular oil samples.

The water pump is not a serviceable item. In order to install a new water pump, refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual, “Water Pump - Remove and Install”.

88 SEBU8728 Warranty Section

Emissions Warranty Information

Warranty Section

Warranty Information

i01903596

Emissions Warranty Information

This engine may be certified to comply with exhaust emission standards and gaseous emission standards that are prescribed by the law at the time of manufacture, and this engine may be covered by an Emissions Warranty. Consult your authorized Perkins dealer or your authorized Perkins distributor in order to determine if your engine is emissions certified and if your engine is subject to an Emissions Warranty.

SEBU8728 89

Reference Information Section

Engine Protection Plans

Reference Information Section

Reference Materials

i04149570

Engine Protection Plans

(Extended Service Contract)

Extended Service Contracts-purchased in minutes, protected for years.

Extended Service Contracts (ESC) protect you from the stress that unexpected repair work brings to your life by covering the cost of getting your engine up and running again. Unlike other extended warranties, Perkins Platinum ESC protects you against all component part failures.

Purchase peace of mind from only £0.03 / $0.05 / euro 0.04 a day and let an ESC make your dreams a reality.

www.perkins.com

NOTICE

Dependant upon engine type and application.

Why buy an Extended Service Contract?

1. No surprises - total protection from unexpected repair cost (parts, labor, and travel).

2. Enjoy longer lasting product support from Perkins global network.

3. Genuine Perkins parts ensure continued engine performance.

4. Highly trained technicians carry out all repairs.

5. Transferable coverage should you sell your

machine.

Flexible coverage provides the right level of protection for your Perkins Engine. Coverage can be extended to 2 years/ 1,000 hours right up to 10 year/ 40,000

You can buy an ESC at any time during standard warranty - even the last day!

Each Perkins Distributor has highly trained and experienced Perkins Product Support Service Technicians. The Support Service are equipped, and available around the clock to get your engine running again with the minimum of downtime. Buying an ESC means that you get all this for free.

To purchase an Extended Service Contract, is quick and simple! Contact your local Perkins Distributor now and the distributor can provide you with a quote in minutes. You can locate your nearest Perkins Distributor by visiting:

90 SEBU8728 Index Section

Index

After Starting Engine........................................ 32

After Stopping Engine...................................... 38

Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test .......................... 57

Aftercooler Core - Inspect/Clean/Test

(Aftercooler Core - Inspect)............................ 58

Alarms and Shutoffs ........................................ 25

Alarms.......................................................... 25

Shutoffs........................................................ 25

Testing the Shutoff and Alarm System......... 25

Alternator - Inspect .......................................... 59

Battery - Replace ............................................. 59

Battery Electrolyte Level - Check .................... 59

Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect ............. 60

Before Starting Engine ...............................10, 30

Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace......................... 60

Adjustment................................................... 61

Inspection..................................................... 60

Replacement................................................ 61

Burn Prevention................................................. 8

Batteries......................................................... 8

Coolant........................................................... 8

Oils................................................................. 8

Cold Weather Operation.................................. 34

Hints for Cold Weather Operation................ 34

Idling the Engine .......................................... 35

Recommendations for Coolant Warm Up .... 35

Recommendations for the Coolant .............. 35

Viscosity of the Engine Lubrication Oil......... 35

Cold Weather Starting ..................................... 30

Coolant (Commercial Heavy-Duty) - Change.. 61

Drain ............................................................ 61

Fill................................................................. 62

Flush ............................................................ 62

Coolant (ELC) - Change .................................. 63

Drain ............................................................ 63

Fill................................................................. 64

Flush ............................................................ 64

Coolant Level - Check ..................................... 65

Engines With a Coolant Recovery Tank....... 65

Engines Without a Coolant Recovery Tank . 65

Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive

(SCA) - Test/Add............................................ 66

Add the SCA, If Necessary .......................... 66

Test for SCA Concentration ......................... 66

Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention .. 10

Driven Equipment - Check............................... 67

Electrical System..............................................11

Grounding Practices .....................................11

Emergency Stopping ....................................... 38

Emissions Certification Film ............................ 20

Emissions Warranty Information...................... 88

Engine - Clean ................................................. 67

Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element)

- Inspect/Clean/Replace ................................ 67

Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner Elements

................................................................... 68

Servicing the Air Cleaner Elements ............. 67

Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single

Element) - Inspect/Clean/Replace................. 70

Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator -

Inspect ........................................................... 70

Test the Service Indicator............................. 70

Engine Air Precleaner - Check/Clean.............. 71

Engine Crankcase Breather - Replace ............ 71

Engine Electronics........................................... 12

Engine Mounts - Inspect.................................. 71

Engine Oil and Filter - Change ........................ 73

Drain the Engine Lubricating Oil .................. 73

Fill the Oil Pan.............................................. 74

Replace the Oil Filter.................................... 73

Engine Oil Level - Check ................................. 72

Engine Oil Sample - Obtain ............................. 72

Obtain the Sample and the Analysis............ 72

Engine Operation............................................. 33

Engine Protection Plans (Extended Service

Contract)........................................................ 89

Engine Starting ...........................................10, 30

Engine Stopping .........................................11, 38

Engine Valve Lash - Check.............................. 74

SEBU8728 91

Index Section

Fan Clearance - Check.................................... 75

Features and Controls ..................................... 25

Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention ........ 8

Fire Extinguisher............................................ 9

Lines, Tubes, and Hoses ............................... 9

Fluid Recommendations (Coolant

Information).................................................... 39

ELC Cooling System Maintenance.............. 41

General Coolant Information........................ 39

Fluid Recommendations (Fuel

Recommendations) ....................................... 44

Diesel Fuel Characteristics .......................... 46

Diesel Fuel Requirements............................ 44

General Information ..................................... 44

Fluid Recommendations (Lubricant

Information).................................................... 50

Engine Oil .................................................... 51

General Lubricant Information ..................... 50

Foreword............................................................ 4

California Proposition 65 Warning ................. 4

Literature Information..................................... 4

Maintenance .................................................. 4

Maintenance Intervals.................................... 4

Operation ....................................................... 4

Overhaul ........................................................ 4

Safety............................................................. 4

Fuel and the Effect from Cold Weather............ 36

Fuel Conservation Practices............................ 33

Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather .... 36

Fuel Filters ................................................... 36

Fuel Heaters ................................................ 37

Fuel Tanks.................................................... 36

Fuel System - Prime ........................................ 76

Type 1 Fuel Filters........................................ 76

Type 2 Fuel Filters........................................ 77

Fuel System Primary Filter (Water

Separator) Element - Replace ....................... 78

Type 1 Fuel Filter ......................................... 78

Type 2 Fuel Filter ......................................... 79

Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator

- Drain ............................................................ 80

Type 1 Fuel Filter ......................................... 80

Type 2 Fuel Filter ......................................... 80

Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace ......... 81

Type 1 Fuel Filter ......................................... 81

Type 2 Fuel Filter ......................................... 82

Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain............ 82

Drain the Water and the Sediment............... 83

Fuel Storage Tanks ...................................... 83

Fuel Tank ..................................................... 82

Gauges and Indicators .................................... 25

General Hazard Information .............................. 6

Containing Fluid Spillage ............................... 7

Fluid Penetration............................................ 7

Pressure Air and Water.................................. 7

General Information......................................... 13

Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace ............. 83

Replace the Hoses and the Clamps ............ 83

Important Safety Information ............................. 2

Lifting and Storage........................................... 23

Maintenance Interval Schedule ....................... 57

Commissioning ............................................ 57

Daily ............................................................. 57

Every 1000 Service Hours ........................... 57

Every 12 000 Service Hours or 6 Years ....... 57

Every 2000 Service Hours ........................... 57

Every 3000 Service Hours or 2 Years.......... 57

Every 4000 Service Hours ........................... 57

Every 50 Service Hours or Weekly .............. 57

Every 500 Service Hours ............................. 57

Every 500 Service Hours or 1 Year.............. 57

Every Week.................................................. 57

Initial 500 Service Hours .............................. 57

When Required............................................ 57

Maintenance Recommendations ..................... 55

Maintenance Section....................................... 39

Model View Illustrations................................... 13

1106A-70T Engine ...................................... 14

1106A-70TA, 1106C-70TA, and 1106D-70TA

Engines ...................................................... 16

Monitoring System ........................................... 26

Mounting and Dismounting.............................. 10

92 SEBU8728 Index Section

Operation Section............................................ 23

Overspeed....................................................... 26

Plate Locations and Film Locations................. 20

Serial Number Plate (1)................................ 20

Product Description ......................................... 17

Engine Cooling and Lubrication................... 18

Engine Specifications .................................. 17

Product Identification Information .................... 20

Product Information Section ............................ 13

Product Lifting.................................................. 23

Product Storage............................................... 23

Condition for Storage ................................... 23

Radiator - Clean............................................... 84

Reference Information..................................... 21

Record for Reference................................... 21

Reference Information Section ........................ 89

Reference Materials ........................................ 89

Refill Capacities............................................... 39

Cooling System............................................ 39

Lubrication System ...................................... 39

Table of Contents............................................... 3

Turbocharger - Inspect .................................... 85

Inspecting..................................................... 85

Removal and Installation.............................. 85

Walk-Around Inspection .................................. 85

Inspect the Engine for Leaks and for Loose

Connections............................................... 85

Warranty Information ....................................... 88

Warranty Section ............................................. 88

Water Pump - Inspect ...................................... 86

Welding on Engines with Electronic Controls.. 55

Safety Messages............................................... 5

(1) Universal Warning .................................... 5

(2) Ether ......................................................... 6

Safety Section ................................................... 5

Sensors and Electrical Components ............... 27

Coolant Temperature Switch 1..................... 28

Electronic Control Governor 2 (If equipped)

................................................................... 28

Engine Oil Pressure Switch 3 ...................... 28

Failure of Switches....................................... 28

Switch Locations.......................................... 27

Severe Service Application.............................. 56

Environmental Factors ................................. 56

Incorrect Maintenance Procedures.............. 56

Incorrect Operating Procedures................... 56

Starting Motor - Inspect ................................... 84

Starting the Engine .......................................... 31

Starting with Jump Start Cables ...................... 31

Stopping the Engine ........................................ 38

Product and Dealer Information

Note: For product identification plate locations, see the section “Product Identification Information” in the Operation and Maintenance Manual.

Delivery Date:

Product Information

Model:

Product Identification Number:

Engine Serial Number:

Transmission Serial Number:

Generator Serial Number:

Attachment Serial Numbers:

Attachment Information:

Customer Equipment Number:

Dealer Equipment Number:

Dealer Information

Name: Branch:

Address:

Dealer

Contact

Sales:

Phone

Number

Hours

Parts:

Service:

Perkins Engine 1106A-70T, 1106A-70TA, 1106C-70TA, 1106D-70TA Service Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual