User’s Manual
µ
PD754144, 754244
4-Bit Single-Chip Microcontrollers
µ
PD754144
µ
PD754244
Document No. U10676EJ3V0UM00 (3rd edition)
Date Published November 2002 N CP(K)
Printed in Japan
1997
[MEMO]
2 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
NOTES FOR CMOS DEVICES
1 PRECAUTION AGAINST ESD FOR SEMICONDUCTORS
Note:
Strong electric field, when exposed to a MOS device, can cause destruction of the gate oxide and
ultimately degrade the device operation. Steps must be taken to stop generation of static electricity
as much as possible, and quickly dissipate it once, when it has occurred. Environmental control
must be adequate. When it is dry, humidifier should be used. It is recommended to avoid using
insulators that easily build static electricity. Semiconductor devices must be stored and transported
in an anti-static container, static shielding bag or conductive material. All test and measurement
tools including work bench and floor should be grounded. The operator should be grounded using
wrist strap. Semiconductor devices must not be touched with bare hands. Similar precautions need
to be taken for PW boards with semiconductor devices on it.
2 HANDLING OF UNUSED INPUT PINS FOR CMOS
Note:
No connection for CMOS device inputs can be cause of malfunction. If no connection is provided
to the input pins, it is possible that an internal input level may be generated due to noise, etc., hence
causing malfunction. CMOS devices behave differently than Bipolar or NMOS devices. Input levels
of CMOS devices must be fixed high or low by using a pull-up or pull-down circuitry. Each unused
pin should be connected to V
DD
or GND with a resistor, if it is considered to have a possibility of
being an output pin. All handling related to the unused pins must be judged device by device and
related specifications governing the devices.
3 STATUS BEFORE INITIALIZATION OF MOS DEVICES
Note:
Power-on does not necessarily define initial status of MOS device. Production process of MOS
does not define the initial operation status of the device. Immediately after the power source is
turned ON, the devices with reset function have not yet been initialized. Hence, power-on does
not guarantee out-pin levels, I/O settings or contents of registers. Device is not initialized until the
reset signal is received. Reset operation must be executed immediately after power-on for devices
having reset function.
This product cannot be used for an IC card (SMART CARD).
EEPROM is a trademark of NEC Electronics Corporation.
MS-DOS is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United
States and/or other countries.
IBM DOS, PC/AT, and PC DOS are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
3
These commodities, technology or software, must be exported in accordance
with the export administration regulations of the exporting country.
Diversion contrary to the law of that country is prohibited.
•
The information in this document is current as of July, 2002. The information is subject to change
without notice. For actual design-in, refer to the latest publications of NEC Electronics data sheets or
data books, etc., for the most up-to-date specifications of NEC Electronics products. Not all
products and/or types are available in every country. Please check with NEC Electronics sales
representative for availability and additional information.
No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior
•
written consent of NEC Electronics. NEC Electronics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may
appear in this document.
•
NEC Electronics does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual
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or any other liability arising from the use of such NEC Electronics products. No license, express, implied or
otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC Electronics or
others.
•
Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided for illustrative
purposes in semiconductor product operation and application examples. The incorporation of these
circuits, software and information in the design of customer's equipment shall be done under the full
responsibility of customer. NEC Electronics assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by customers
or third parties arising from the use of these circuits, software and information.
•
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"Specific": Aircraft, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, life
support systems and medical equipment for life support, etc.
The quality grade of NEC Electronics products is "Standard" unless otherwise expressly specified in NEC
Electronics data sheets or data books, etc. If customers wish to use NEC Electronics products in applications
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(Note)
(1) "NEC Electronics" as used in this statement means NEC Electronics Corporation and also includes its
majority-owned subsidiaries.
(2) "NEC Electronics products" means any product developed or manufactured by or for NEC Electronics
(as defined above).
M8E 02. 11
4 User’ s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
Regional Information
Some information contained in this document may vary from country to country. Before using any NEC
Electronics product in your application, pIease contact the NEC Electronics office in your country to
obtain a list of authorized representatives and distributors. They will verify:
•
Device availability
•
Ordering information
•
Product release schedule
•
Availability of related technical literature
•
Development environment specifications (for example, specifications for third-party tools and
components, host computers, power plugs, AC supply voltages, and so forth)
•
Network requirements
In addition, trademarks, registered trademarks, export restrictions, and other legal issues may also vary
from country to country.
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Tel: 408-588-6000
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User’ s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
J02.11
5
Major Revisions in This Edition
Pages Description
p.210 Correction of description in figure in 7.9 Application of Interrupt (6) Executing pending
interrupt - interrupt occurs during interrupt service (INTBT has higher priority and INTT0
and INTT2 have lower priority)
p.253 Correction of instruction code of “ BR BCDE” in 11.3 Opcode of Each Instruction
p.296 Deletion of flash-related products in configuration diagram in APPENDIX A DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS
µ
p.297 in 2nd edition Deletion of APPENDIX A LIST OF FUNCTIONS OF
The mark shows major revised points.
PD754144, 754244, AND 75F4264
6 User’ s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
INTRODUCTION
Readers This manual is intended for user engineers who wish to understand the functions of
the µPD754144 and 754244 and design application systems using these microcontrollers.
Purpose This manual is intended to give users an understanding of the hardware functions of
µ
PD754144 and 754244 described in the Organization below.
the
Organization This manual contains the following information.
• General
• Pin Functions
• Features of Architecture and Memory Map
• Internal CPU Functions
• EEPROM
• Peripheral Hardware Functions
• Interrupt Functions and Test Functions
• Standby Functions
• Reset Functions
• Mask option
• Instruction Set
How to Read This Manual It is assumed that the readers of this manual have general knowledge of electrical
engineering, logic circuits, and microcontrollers.
µ
• To users who use this manual as a manual for
µ
→ Unless otherwise specified, the
treated as the representative model in this manual. Check the functional
differences between the µPD754144 and µPD754244 by referring to 1.3
µ
Differences Between
µ
PD754144 and fX as fCC.
• To check the functions of an instruction whose mnemonic is known,
→ Refer to APPENDIX C INSTRUCTION INDEX .
• To check the functions of a specific internal circuit,
→ Refer to APPENDIX D HARDWARE INDEX .
• To understand the overall functions of the
→ Read this manual in the order of the CONTENTS .
Conventions Data significance: Higher digits on the left and lower digits on the right
Active low representations: ××× (overscore over pin and signal name)
Note: Footnote for item marked with Note in the text.
Caution: Information requiring particular attention
Remark: Supplementary information
Numerical representations: Binary ... ×××× or ××××B
PD754144 and 754244 , and take the µPD754244 as
Decimal ... ××××
Hexadecimal ... ×××× H
PD754244 (crystal/ceramic oscillation, fX ) is
PD754144 (RC oscillation, fCC)
µ
PD754144 and 754244,
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
7
Related Documents The related documents indicated in this publication may include preliminary versions.
However, preliminary versions are not marked as such.
Documents related to devices
Document Name Document No.
µ
PD754144, 754244 Data Sheet U10040E
µ
PD754144, 754244 User’s Manual This manual
75XL Series Selection Guide U10453E
Documents related to development tools (software) (user’s manuals)
Document Name Document No.
RA75X Assembler Package Operation U12622E
Language U12385E
Structured Assembler Preprocessor U12598E
Documents related to development tools (hardware) (user’s manuals)
Document Name Document No.
IE-75000-R/IE-75001-R In-Circuit Emulator EEU-1455
IE-75300-R-EM Emulation Board U11354E
EP-754144GS-R Emulation Probe U10695E
Other documents
Document Name Document No.
SEMICONDUCTOR SELECTION GUIDE - Products & Packages - X13769E
Semiconductor Device Mounting Technology Manual C10535E
Quality Grades on NEC Semiconductor Devices C11531E
NEC Semiconductor Device Reliability/Quality Control System C10983E
Guide to Prevent Damage for Semiconductor Devices by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) C11892E
Caution The related documents listed above are subject to change without notice. Be sure to use the latest
version of each document for designing.
8 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 17
1.1 Functional Outline ............................................................................................................. 18
1.2 Ordering Information ......................................................................................................... 19
1.3 Differences Between Series Products ............................................................................ 19
1.4 Block Diagram .................................................................................................................... 20
1.5 Pin Configuration (Top View)............................................................................................ 21
CHAPTER 2 PIN FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................................... 24
2.1 Pin Functions of µPD754244 ............................................................................................ 24
2.2 Description of Pin Functions ........................................................................................... 26
2.2.1 P30 to P33 (Port 3), P60 to P63 (Port 6), P80 (Port 8) ....................................................... 26
2.2.2 P70 to P73 (Port 7) ................................................................................................................ 26
2.2.3 PTO0 to PTO2 ....................................................................................................................... 26
2.2.4 INT0 ........................................................................................................................................ 27
2.2.5 KR4 to KR7 ............................................................................................................................ 27
2.2.6 KRREN ................................................................................................................................... 27
2.2.7 TH00 and TH01 ..................................................................................................................... 27
2.2.8 AV
2.2.9 CL1 and CL2 (µPD754144 only) ........................................................................................... 28
2.2.10 X1 and X2 (µPD754244 only) ............................................................................................... 28
2.2.11 RESET.................................................................................................................................... 28
2.2.12 IC ............................................................................................................................................ 29
2.2.13 V
2.2.14 V
REF ...................................................................................................................................... 28
DD .......................................................................................................................................... 29
SS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
2.3 Pin I/O Circuits ................................................................................................................... 30
2.4 Processing of Unused Pins .............................................................................................. 31
CHAPTER 3 FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURE AND MEMORY MAP ........................................... 32
3.1 Bank Configuration of Data Memory and Addressing Modes ..................................... 32
3.1.1 Bank configuration of data memory ...................................................................................... 32
3.1.2 Addressing mode of data memory ........................................................................................ 34
3.2 Bank Configuration of General-Purpose Registers ...................................................... 45
3.3 Memory-Mapped I/O ........................................................................................................... 50
CHAPTER 4 INTERNAL CPU FUNCTION ....................................................................................... 60
4.1 Function to Select MkI and MkII Modes.......................................................................... 60
4.1.1 Difference between MkI and MkII modes ............................................................................. 60
4.1.2 Setting stack bank select register (SBS) .............................................................................. 61
4.2 Program Counter (PC) ....................................................................................................... 62
4.3 Program Memory (ROM).................................................................................................... 63
4.4 Data Memory (RAM) ........................................................................................................... 65
4.4.1 Configuration of data memory ............................................................................................... 65
4.4.2 Specifying bank of data memory .......................................................................................... 66
4.5 General-Purpose Registers .............................................................................................. 69
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
9
4.6 Accumulator........................................................................................................................ 70
4.7 Stack Pointer (SP) and Stack Bank Select Register (SBS) .......................................... 70
4.8 Program Status Word (PSW)............................................................................................. 74
4.9 Bank Select Register (BS) ................................................................................................ 78
CHAPTER 5 EEPROM ....................................................................................................................... 80
5.1 EEPROM Configuration ..................................................................................................... 80
5.2 EEPROM Features.............................................................................................................. 80
5.3 EEPROM Write Control Register (EWC).......................................................................... 81
5.4 Interrupt Related to EEPROM Control ............................................................................ 82
5.5 EEPROM Manipulation Method ........................................................................................ 83
5.5.1 EEPROM manipulation instructions ...................................................................................... 83
5.5.2 Read manipulation ................................................................................................................. 84
5.5.3 Write manipulation ................................................................................................................. 85
5.6 Cautions on EEPROM Writing .......................................................................................... 87
CHAPTER 6 PERIPHERAL HARDWARE FUNCTION..................................................................... 88
6.1 Digital I/O Ports .................................................................................................................. 88
6.1.1 Types, features, and configurations of digital I/O ports ....................................................... 89
6.1.2 Setting I/O mode .................................................................................................................... 94
6.1.3 Digital I/O port manipulation instruction ............................................................................... 96
6.1.4 Operation of digital I/O port ................................................................................................... 98
6.1.5 Connecting pull-up resistor ................................................................................................... 100
6.1.6 I/O timing of digital I/O port ................................................................................................... 101
6.2 Clock Generator ................................................................................................................. 103
6.2.1 Configuration of clock generator ........................................................................................... 103
6.2.2 Function and operation of clock generator ........................................................................... 105
6.2.3 Setting CPU clock .................................................................................................................. 112
6.3 Basic Interval Timer/Watchdog Timer ............................................................................. 114
6.3.1 Configuration of basic interval timer/watchdog timer ........................................................... 114
6.3.2 Basic interval timer mode register (BTM) ............................................................................. 115
6.3.3 Watchdog timer enable flag (WDTM).................................................................................... 117
6.3.4 Operation as basic interval timer .......................................................................................... 118
6.3.5 Operation as watchdog timer ................................................................................................ 119
6.3.6 Other functions....................................................................................................................... 121
6.4 Timer Counter ..................................................................................................................... 122
6.4.1 Configuration of timer counter............................................................................................... 122
6.4.2 Operation in 8-bit timer counter mode .................................................................................. 134
6.4.3 Operation in PWM pulse generator mode (PWM mode) ..................................................... 145
6.4.4 Operation in 16-bit timer counter mode ................................................................................ 151
6.4.5 Operation in carrier generator mode (CG mode) ................................................................. 160
6.4.6 Notes on using timer counter ................................................................................................ 173
6.5 Programmable Threshold Port (Analog Input Port) ...................................................... 180
6.5.1 Configuration and operation of programmable threshold port ............................................. 180
6.5.2 Programmable threshold port mode (PTHM) register .......................................................... 182
6.5.3 Programmable threshold port application ............................................................................. 183
6.6 Bit Sequential Buffer ......................................................................................................... 184
10 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
CHAPTER 7 INTERRUPT AND TEST FUNCTIONS ........................................................................ 186
7.1 Configuration of Interrupt Controller .............................................................................. 186
7.2 Types of Interrupt Sources and Vector Table ................................................................. 188
7.3 Hardware Controlling Interrupt Function ....................................................................... 190
7.4 Interrupt Sequence ............................................................................................................ 197
7.5 Nesting Control of Interrupts ........................................................................................... 198
7.6 Servicing of Interrupts Sharing Vector Address ........................................................... 200
7.7 Machine Cycles Until Interrupt Servicing....................................................................... 202
7.8 Effective Usage of Interrupts ........................................................................................... 204
7.9 Application of Interrupt ..................................................................................................... 204
7.10 Test Function ...................................................................................................................... 212
7.10.1 Types of test sources............................................................................................................. 212
7.10.2 Hardware controlling test function ........................................................................................ 212
CHAPTER 8 STANDBY FUNCTION ................................................................................................. 215
8.1 Settings and Operating Statuses of Standby Mode...................................................... 216
8.2 Releasing Standby Mode .................................................................................................. 218
8.3 Operation After Release of Standby Mode..................................................................... 222
8.4 Application of Standby Mode ........................................................................................... 222
CHAPTER 9 RESET FUNCTION....................................................................................................... 227
9.1 Configuration and Operation of Reset Function ........................................................... 227
9.2 Watchdog Flag (WDF), Key Return Flag (KRF) .............................................................. 231
CHAPTER 10 MASK OPTIONS ........................................................................................................ 233
10.1 Pin Mask Options ............................................................................................................... 233
10.1.1 Mask option of P70/KR4 to P73/KR7 ................................................................................... 233
10.1.2 RESET pin mask option ........................................................................................................ 233
10.2 Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time Mask Option........................................................... 233
CHAPTER 11 INSTRUCTION SET.................................................................................................... 234
11.1 Unique Instructions ........................................................................................................... 234
11.1.1 GETI instruction ..................................................................................................................... 234
11.1.2 Bit manipulation instruction ................................................................................................... 235
11.1.3 String-effect instruction .......................................................................................................... 235
11.1.4 Base number adjustment instruction .................................................................................... 236
11.1.5 Skip instruction and number of machine cycles required for skipping ................................ 237
11.2 Instruction Set and Operation .......................................................................................... 237
11.3 Opcode of Each Instruction ............................................................................................. 248
11.4 Instruction Function and Application ............................................................................. 254
11.4.1 Transfer instructions............................................................................................................... 255
11.4.2 Table reference instructions .................................................................................................. 261
11.4.3 Bit transfer instructions .......................................................................................................... 265
11.4.4 Operation instructions ............................................................................................................ 266
11.4.5 Accumulator manipulation instructions ................................................................................. 272
11.4.6 Increment/decrement instructions ......................................................................................... 273
11.4.7 Compare instructions ............................................................................................................. 274
11.4.8 Carry flag manipulation instructions ..................................................................................... 275
11.4.9 Memory bit manipulation instructions ................................................................................... 276
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
11
11.4.10 Branch instructions ................................................................................................................ 279
11.4.11 Subroutine/stack control instructions .................................................................................... 283
11.4.12 Interrupt control instructions.................................................................................................. 287
11.4.13 Input/output instructions ........................................................................................................ 288
11.4.14 CPU control instruction .......................................................................................................... 289
11.4.15 Special instructions ................................................................................................................ 290
APPENDIX A DEVELOPMENT TOOLS ............................................................................................ 293
APPENDIX B ORDERING MASK ROM ............................................................................................ 297
APPENDIX C INSTRUCTION INDEX ................................................................................................ 298
C.1 Instruction Index (By Function) ....................................................................................... 298
C.2 Instruction Index (Alphabetical Order) ........................................................................... 301
APPENDIX D HARDWARE INDEX ................................................................................................... 304
APPENDIX E REVISION HISTORY ................................................................................................... 306
12 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
LIST OF FIGURES (1/3)
Figure No. Title Page
3-1 Selecting MBE = 0 Mode and MBE = 1 Mode .................................................................................. 33
3-2 Data Memory Configuration and Addressing Range for Each Addressing Mode............................ 35
3-3 Updating Address of Static RAM ....................................................................................................... 39
3-4 Example of Using Register Banks ..................................................................................................... 46
3-5 Configuration of General-Purpose Registers (4-Bit Processing) ...................................................... 48
3-6 Configuration of General-Purpose Registers (8-Bit Processing) ...................................................... 49
µ
3-7
4-1 Format of Stack Bank Select Register ............................................................................................... 61
4-2 Configuration of Program Counter ..................................................................................................... 62
4-3 Program Memory Map ........................................................................................................................ 64
4-4 Data Memory Map .............................................................................................................................. 67
4-5 Configuration of General-Purpose Register Area ............................................................................. 69
4-6 Configuration of Register Pair ............................................................................................................ 69
4-7 Accumulator ........................................................................................................................................ 70
4-8 Stack Pointer and Stack Bank Selection Register Configuration ..................................................... 71
4-9 Data Saved to Stack Memory (MkI Mode) ......................................................................................... 72
4-10 Data Restored from Stack Memory (MkI Mode) ................................................................................ 72
4-11 Data Saved to Stack Memory (MkII Mode)........................................................................................ 73
4-12 Data Restored from Stack Memory (MkII Mode) ............................................................................... 73
4-13 Configuration of Program Status Word .............................................................................................. 74
4-14 Configuration of Bank Select Register ............................................................................................... 78
PD754244 I/O Map ........................................................................................................................... 52
5-1 Format of EEPROM Write Control Register ...................................................................................... 81
5-2 EEPROM Write Control Register in EEPROM Read Manipulation .................................................. 84
5-3 EEPROM Write Control Register in EEPROM Write Manipulation................................................... 85
6-1 Data Memory Address of Digital Ports .............................................................................................. 88
6-2 P3n Configuration (n = 0 to 2) ............................................................................................................ 90
6-3 P33 Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 90
6-4 P60 Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 91
6-5 P61 Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 91
6-6 P62 Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 92
6-7 P63 Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 92
6-8 P7n Configuration (n = 0 to 3) ............................................................................................................ 93
6-9 P80 Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 93
6-10 Format of Each Port Mode Register .................................................................................................. 95
6-11 Format of Pull-up Resistor Specification Register ............................................................................ 100
6-12 I/O Timing of Digital I/O Port .............................................................................................................. 101
6-13 ON Timing of Internal Pull-up Resistor Connected via Software ..................................................... 102
6-14 Block Diagram of Clock Generator ..................................................................................................... 103
6-15 Format of Processor Clock Control Register ..................................................................................... 107
6-16 RC Oscillation External Circuit ........................................................................................................... 108
6-17 Crystal/Ceramic Oscillation External Circuit ...................................................................................... 108
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
13
LIST OF FIGURES (2/3)
Figure No. Title Page
6-18 Example of Incorrect Resonator Connection ..................................................................................... 109
6-19 CPU Clock Switching Example .......................................................................................................... 113
6-20 Block Diagram of Basic Interval Timer/Watchdog Timer ................................................................... 114
6-21 Format of Basic Interval Timer Mode Register.................................................................................. 116
6-22 Format of Watchdog Timer Enable Flag (WDTM) ............................................................................. 117
6-23 Block Diagram of Timer Counter (Channel 0) ................................................................................... 123
6-24 Block Diagram of Timer Counter (Channel 1) ................................................................................... 124
6-25 Block Diagram of Timer Counter (Channel 2) ................................................................................... 125
6-26 Format of Timer Counter Mode Register (Channel 0) ...................................................................... 127
6-27 Format of Timer Counter Mode Register (Channel 1) ...................................................................... 128
6-28 Format of Timer Counter Mode Register (Channel 2) ...................................................................... 130
6-29 Format of Timer Counter Output Enable Flag ................................................................................... 132
6-30 Format of Timer Counter Control Register ........................................................................................ 133
6-31 Setting of Timer Counter Mode Register ........................................................................................... 135
6-32 Setting of Timer Counter Control Register ........................................................................................ 138
6-33 Setting of Timer Counter Output Enable Flag ................................................................................... 138
6-34 Configuration When Timer Counter Operates ................................................................................... 143
6-35 Count Operation Timing...................................................................................................................... 143
6-36 Setting of Timer Counter Mode Register ........................................................................................... 146
6-37 Setting of Timer Counter Control Register ........................................................................................ 147
6-38 PWM Pulse Generator Operating Configuration ............................................................................... 149
6-39 PWM Pulse Generator Operating Timing .......................................................................................... 149
6-40 Setting of Timer Counter Mode Registers ......................................................................................... 152
6-41 Setting of Timer Counter Control Register ........................................................................................ 153
6-42 Configuration When Timer Counter Operates ................................................................................... 157
6-43 Timing of Count Operation ................................................................................................................. 158
6-44 Setting of Timer Counter Mode Register (n = 1, 2)........................................................................... 161
6-45 Setting of Timer Counter Output Enable Flag ................................................................................... 162
6-46 Setting of Timer Counter Control Register ........................................................................................ 162
6-47 Configuration in Carrier Generator Mode .......................................................................................... 165
6-48 Carrier Generator Operation Timing .................................................................................................. 166
6-49 Block Diagram of Programmable Threshold Port .............................................................................. 181
6-50 Format of Programmable Threshold Port Mode (PTHM) Register ................................................... 182
6-51 Application Example of Programmable Threshold Port..................................................................... 183
6-52 Format of Bit Sequential Buffer .......................................................................................................... 184
7-1 Block Diagram of Interrupt Controller ................................................................................................ 187
7-2 Interrupt Vector Table .......................................................................................................................... 189
7-3 Interrupt Priority Select Register ........................................................................................................ 192
7-4 Configuration of INT0.......................................................................................................................... 194
7-5 I/O Timing of Noise Eliminator ........................................................................................................... 194
7-6 Format of INT0 Edge Detection Mode Register (IM0) ...................................................................... 195
7-7 Interrupt Servicing Sequence ............................................................................................................. 197
7-8 Nesting of Interrupt with High Priority ................................................................................................ 198
14 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
LIST OF FIGURES (3/3)
Figure No. Title Page
7-9 Interrupt Nesting by Changing Interrupt Status Flag ........................................................................ 199
7-10 Block Diagram of KR4 to KR7 ............................................................................................................ 213
7-11 Format of INT2 Edge Detection Mode Register (IM2) ...................................................................... 214
8-1 Releasing Standby Mode.................................................................................................................... 218
8-2 Wait Time After Releasing STOP Mode............................................................................................. 220
8-3 STOP Mode Release by Key Return Reset or RESET Input ........................................................... 221
9-1 Configuration of Reset Circuit ............................................................................................................ 227
9-2 Reset Operation by RESET Signal .................................................................................................... 228
9-3 WDF Operation in Generating Each Signal ....................................................................................... 231
9-4 KRF Operation in Generating Each Signal ........................................................................................ 232
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
15
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
2-1 Pin Functions of Digital I/O Ports ....................................................................................................... 24
2-2 Functions of Non-Port Pins ................................................................................................................ 25
2-3 Recommended Connection of Unused Pins ...................................................................................... 31
3-1 Addressing Modes .............................................................................................................................. 36
3-2 Register Bank Selected by RBE and RBS ........................................................................................ 45
3-3 Example of Using Different Register Banks for Normal Routine and Interrupt Routine .................. 45
3-4 Addressing Modes Applicable to Peripheral Hardware Unit Manipulation ....................................... 50
4-1 Differences Between MkI and MkII Modes ........................................................................................ 60
4-2 Stack Area Selected by SBS .............................................................................................................. 70
4-3 PSW Flags Saved/Restored to/from Stack ........................................................................................ 74
4-4 Carry Flag Manipulation Instruction ................................................................................................... 75
4-5 Contents of Interrupt Status Flags ..................................................................................................... 76
4-6 MBE, MBS, and Memory Bank Selected ........................................................................................... 78
4-7 RBE, RBS, and Register Bank Selected ........................................................................................... 79
5-1 Interrupt Related to EEPROM Control ............................................................................................... 82
6-1 Types and Features of Digital Ports ................................................................................................... 89
6-2 I/O Pin Manipulation Instructions ....................................................................................................... 97
6-3 Operation When I/O Port Is Manipulated ........................................................................................... 99
6-4 Specifying Connection of Pull-up Resistor ........................................................................................ 100
6-5 Maximum Time Required for CPU Clock Switching .......................................................................... 112
6-6 Mode List............................................................................................................................................. 122
6-7 Resolution and Longest Set Time (8-Bit Timer Counter Mode) ........................................................ 139
6-8 Resolution and Longest Set Time (16-Bit Timer Counter Mode) ...................................................... 154
7-1 Types of Interrupt Sources ................................................................................................................. 188
7-2 Signals Setting Interrupt Request Flags ............................................................................................ 191
7-3 IST1 and IST0 and Interrupt Servicing Status .................................................................................. 196
7-4 Identifying Interrupt Sharing Vector Address ..................................................................................... 200
7-5 Types of Test Sources ......................................................................................................................... 212
7-6 Test Request Flag Setting Signals ..................................................................................................... 212
7-7 KR4 to KR7 Pins, KRREN Pin and Test Function ............................................................................. 214
8-1 Operating Statuses in Standby Mode ................................................................................................ 216
8-2 Selecting Wait Time by BTM .............................................................................................................. 220
9-1 Status of Each Hardware Unit After Reset ........................................................................................ 229
9-2 WDF and KRF Contents Corresponding to Each Signal .................................................................. 231
10-1 Selection of Mask Options .................................................................................................................. 233
11-1 Types of Bit Manipulation Addressing Modes and Specification Range .......................................... 235
16 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
The µPD754144 and 754244 are 4-bit single-chip microcontrollers in the NEC 75XL Series, the successor to the
75X Series that boasts a wealth of variations.
µ
PD754144 and 754244 have extended CPU functions compared to the µPD75048, a 75X Series product
The
with on-chip EEPROM, enabling high-speed and low voltage (1.8 V) operation.
This model is available in a small plastic SSOP (7.62 mm (300)).
µ
The features of the
PD754144 are as follows:
• Low-voltage operation: V
DD = 1.8 to 6.0 V
128-bit (16 × 8 bits) EEPROM capable of low voltage (1.8 V) operation on chip
• Variable instruction execution time useful for high-speed operation and power saving
µ
PD754144: RC oscillator (resistors and capacitors are externally provided)
4, 8, 16, 64 µs (at fCC = 1.0 MHz)
µ
PD754244: Crystal/ceramic oscillator
0.95 µs, 1.91 µs, 3.81 µs, 15.3 µs (at fX = 4.19 MHz)
0.67 µs, 1.33 µs, 2.67 µs, 10.7 µs (at fX = 6.0 MHz)
• Four timer channels
• Key return reset function for key-less entry
• Small package (20-pin plastic SSOP (7.62 mm (300))
APPLICATIONS
• Automotive appliances such as keyless entry, small data carriers, etc.
µ
Remark Unless otherwise specified, the
tive model in this manual. When you use this manual for the
µ
PD754244 as the µPD754144 and fX as fCC.
PD754244 (crystal/ceramic oscillation, fX ) is treated as the representa-
µ
PD754144 (RC oscillation, fCC ), take the
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
17
1.1 Functional Outline
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
Item
Instruction execution time • 4, 8, 16, 64 µs (at fCC = 1.0 MHz) • 0.95, 1.91, 3.81, 15.3 µs
On-chip Mask ROM 4096 × 8 bits (0000H to 0FFFH)
memory RAM 128 × 4 bits (000H to 07FH)
EEPROM 16 × 8 bits (400H to 41FH)
System clock oscillator RC oscillator Crystal/ceramic oscillator
(External resistor and capacitor)
General-purpose registers • 4-bit operation: 8 × 4 banks
• 8-bit operation: 4 × 4 banks
I/O ports CMOS input 4 Pull-up resistors can be incorporated by mask option
CMOS I/O 9 On-chip pull-up resistors can be specified by software
Total 13
Timers 4 channels
• 8-bit timer counter: 3 channels
(can be used as 16-bit timer counter)
• Basic interval/watchdog timer: 1 channel
Programmable threshold port 2 channels
Bit sequential buffer 16 bits
Vectored interrupt External: 1, Internal: 5
Test input External: 1 (with key return reset function)
Standby function STOP/HALT mode
Operating ambient temperature TA = –40 to +85°C
Power supply voltage VDD = 1.8 to 6.0 V
Package • 20-pin plastic SOP (7.62 mm (300))
• 20-pin plastic SSOP (7.62 mm (300))
µ
PD754144
µ
PD754244
(at fX = 4.19 MHz)
• 0.67, 1.33, 2.67, 10.7 µs
(at fX = 6.00 MHz)
18 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
1.2 Ordering Information
Part Number Package
µ
PD754141GS- ×××-BA5 20-pin plastic SOP (7.62 mm (300))
µ
PD754141GS- ×××-GJG 20-pin plastic SSOP (7.62 mm (300))
µ
PD754244GS- ×××-BA5 20-pin plastic SOP (7.62 mm (300))
µ
PD754244GS- ×××-GJG 20-pin plastic SSOP (7.62 mm (300))
Remark ××× indicates ROM code suffix.
1.3 Differences Between Series Products
Item
Instruction execution time 4, 8, 16, 64 µs (at fCC = 1.0 MHz) • 0.95, 1.91, 3.81, 15.3 µs
System clock oscillator RC oscillator Crystal/ceramic oscillator
(resistors and capacitors are externally
provided)
Startup time after reset Fixed to 56 µs (at 1 MHz) Can be selected by mask option from
Standby mode release time 29/fCC Can be selected by BTM setting from
Pin connection pin 2, pin 3 CL1, CL2 X1, X2
µ
PD754144
µ
PD754244
(at fX = 4.19 MHz)
• 0.67, 1.33, 2.67, 10.7 µs
(at fX = 6.0 MHz)
the following two:
•217/fX (31.3 ms: at 4.19 MHz,
21.8 ms: at 6.0 MHz)
•215/fX (7.81 ms: at 4.19 MHz,
5.46 ms: at 6.0 MHz)
the following four:
220/fX , 217/fX , 215/fX , 213/fX
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
19
1.4 Block Diagram
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
PTO0/P30
PTO1/P31
PTO2/P32
INT0/P61
KRREN
Basic interval
timer/watchdog timer
INTBT RESET
8-bit timer counter #0
INTT0 TOUT
INTT1
8-bit timer
counter #1
Cascaded
16-bit
timer
8-bit timer
counter
counter #2
INTT2
Interrupt control
ALU
Program counter
Program memory
(ROM)
4096 × 8 bits
Decode and
control
SP (8)
CY
SBS
Bank
General reg.
Data memory
(RAM)
128 × 4 bits
EEPROM
16 × 8 bits
Port 3 4
Port 6 4
Port 7 4
Port 8
P80
Bit seq. buffer (16)
P30 to P33
P60 to P63
P70 to P73
KR4/P70KR7/P73
REF
/P60
AV
PTH00/P62
PTH01/P63
4
φ
Standby
control
Programmable
f
Clock
divider
N
X
/2
CPU clock
System clock
generator
threshold port
CL1 CL2 X1 X2
In the case of
µ
PD754144
In the case of
µ
PD754244
IC V
DDVSS
RESET
20 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
1.5 Pin Configuration (Top View)
• Pin configuration of µPD754144
• 20-pin plastic SOP (7.62 mm (300))
µ
PD754144GS- ×××-BA5
• 20-pin plastic SSOP (7.62 mm (300))
µ
PD754144GS- ×××-GJG
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
RESET
CL1
CL2
V
IC
V
P60/AV
REF
P61/INT0
P62/PTH00
P63/PTH01
SS
DD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
IC: Internally Connected (Directly connect to VDD .)
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
KRREN
P80
P30/PTO0
P31/PTO1
P32/PTO2
P33
P70/KR4
P71/KR5
P72/KR6
P73/KR7
User’ s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
21
• Pin configuration of µPD754244
• 20-pin plastic SOP (7.62 mm (300))
µ
PD754244GS- ×××-BA5
• 20-pin plastic SSOP (7.62 mm (300))
µ
PD754244GS- ×××-GJG
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
RESET
X1
X2
V
IC
V
P60/AV
REF
P61/INT0
P62/PTH00
P63/PTH01
SS
DD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
IC: Internally Connected (Directly connect to V
DD.)
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
KRREN
P80
P30/PTO0
P31/PTO1
P32/PTO2
P33
P70/KR4
P71/KR5
P72/KR6
P73/KR7
22 User’ s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
Pin Name
P30 to P33: Port 3
P60 to P63: Port 6
P70 to P73: Port 7
P80: Port 8
KR4 to KR7: Key return 4 to 7
INT0: External vectored interrupt 0
PTH00, PTH01: Programmable threshold port analog input 0, 1
PTO0 to PTO2: Programmable timer output 0 to 2
KRREN: Key return reset enable
CL1, CL2: RC oscillator
X1, X2: Crystal/ceramic oscillator
IC: Internally connected
RESET: Reset
REF: Analog reference
AV
V
SS: Ground
VDD : Positive power supply
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
23
2.1 Pin Functions of µPD754244
Table 2-1. Pin Functions of Digital I/O Ports
CHAPTER 2 PIN FUNCTIONS
Pin Name I/O
P30 I/O PTO0 × Input E-B
P31 PTO1
P32 PTO2
P33 –
P60 I/O AVREF × Input F -A
P61 INT0
P62 PTH00
P63 PTH01
P70 Input KR4 × Input B -A
P71 KR5
P72 KR6
P73 KR7
P80 I/O – × Input F -A
Alternate
Function I/O Type
Programmable 4-bit I/O port (Port 3).
Input/output can be specified in 1-bit units.
On-chip pull-up resistor can be specified by
software in 4-bit units.
Programmable 4-bit I/O port (Port 6).
Input/output can be specified in 1-bit units.
An on-chip pull-up resistor can be specified
by software in 4-bit units
A noise eliminator is selectable for P61/
INT0.
4-bit input port (Port 7).
A pull-up resistor can be incorporated (mask
option).
1-bit I/O port (PORT8).
An on-chip pull-up resistor can be specified
by software.
Function
Note 2
.
8-Bit
After Reset
I/O Circuit
Note 1
Notes 1. Circled characters indicate Schmitt-triggered input.
2. Do not specify connection of an on-chip pull-up resistor when using a programmable threshold port.
24 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
CHAPTER 2 PIN FUNCTIONS
Table 2-2. Functions of Non-Port Pins
Pin Name I/O
Alternate
Function Type
Function
After Reset
I/O Circuit
Note
PTO0 Output P30 Timer counter output pins. Input E-B
PTO1 P31
PTO2 P32
INT0 Input P61 Edge-detected vectored interrupt input Input F -A
(edge to be detected is selectable).
Noise eliminator is selectable.
Noise
eliminator/
asynchronous
selectable
KR4 to KR7 Input P70 to P73 Falling edge-detected testable input. Input B -A
PTH00 Input P62 Variable threshold voltage 2-bit analog input. Input F -A
PTH01 P63
KRREN Input – Key return reset enable pin. Input B
Reset signal is generated at falling edge of KRn
when KRREN = high in STOP mode.
AVREF Input P60 Reference voltage input pin. Input F -A
CL1 Input – Provided in µPD754144 only. – –
These pins connect R and C for system clock
CL2 Output oscillation. No external clock can be input to
these pins.
X1 Input – Provided in µPD754244 only. – –
These pins connect crystal/ceramic oscillator for
X2 – system clock oscillation. When external clock is
used, input it to X1 and inverse phase to X2.
RESET Input – System reset input pin (active-low) – B -A
IC – – Internally connected. Connect directly to VDD.– –
VDD – – Positive power supply pin. – –
VSS – – Ground potential. – –
Note Circled characters indicate Schmitt triggered input.
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
25
CHAPTER 2 PIN FUNCTIONS
2.2 Description of Pin Functions
2.2.1 P30 to P33 (Port 3) ... I/O pins shared with PTO0 to PTO2
P60 to P63 (Port 6) ... I/O pins shared with AV
P80 (Port 8) ... I/O pin
These are 4-bit I/O ports with output latches (ports 3 and 6) and a 1-bit I/O port with an output latch (port 8).
Ports 3 and 6 also have the following functions, in addition to the I/O port function.
• Port 3: Timer counter output (PTO0 to PTO2)
• Port 6: Programmable threshold port reference voltage input (AV
Vectored interrupt input (INT0)
Threshold variable voltage input (PTH00, PTH01)
The input or output mode of ports 3 and 6 is selected by port mode register group A (PMGA), and the input
or output mode of port 8 is selected by port mode register group C (PMGC). Ports 3 and 6 can be set to the input
or output mode in 1-bit units.
Ports 3, 6, and 8 can also be connected to an internal pull-up resistor by software. This is done by manipulating
the pull-up resistor specification registers (POGA and POGB). Specify connection of the pull-up resistor to ports
3 and 6 in 4-bit units. Connection of the pull-up resistor to port 8 can be specified in 1-bit units.
I/O for ports 3 and 6 is possible in 4-bit or 1-bit units. Manipulation in 8-bit units is not possible.
Generation of the RESET signal sets the input mode.
REF, INT0, PTH00, PTH01
REF)
2.2.2 P70 to P73 (Port 7) ... input pins shared with KR4 to KR7
Port 7 is a 4-bit input port.
This port also has a key interrupt input (KR4 to KR7) function, in addition the input port function.
Each pin is always set to input irrespective of the operation of alternate function pins. These pins have Schmitt-
triggered input to prevent malfunction due to noise.
Internal pull-up resistors are specifiable by a mask option in 1-bit units.
2.2.3 PTO0 to PTO2 ... output pins shared with port 3
These are the output pins of timer counters 0 to 2, and output square-wave pulses. To output the signal of a timer
counter, clear the output latch of the corresponding pin of port 3 to “0”. Then, set the bit corresponding to port 3 of
port mode register group A (PMGA) to “1” to set the output mode.
The output of the TOUT F/F pin is cleared to “0” by the timer start instruction.
For details, refer to 6.4.2 (3) Timer counter operation (8-bit) .
26 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
CHAPTER 2 PIN FUNCTIONS
2.2.4 INT0 ... input pin shared with port 6
This pin inputs the vectored interrupt signal detected by the edge. A noise eliminator is selectable for INT0. The
edge to be detected can be specified by using the edge detection mode register (IM0).
(1) INT0 (bits 0 and 1 of IM0)
(a) Active at rising edge
(b) Active at falling edge
(c) Active at both rising and falling edges
(d) External interrupt signal input disabled
INT0 is an asynchronous input pin, and a signal having a specific high-level width input to this pin can be
acknowledged as an interrupt, regardless of the operating clock of the CPU. In addition, an internal noise
eliminator can be connected to this pin by software, and the sampling clock that is used for noise elimination
can be changed in two steps. In this case, the width of the signal that can be acknowledged differs depending
on the CPU operating clock.
When the RESET signal is asserted, IM0 is cleared to “0”, and the rising edge is selected as the active edge.
INT0 can be used to release the STOP and HALT modes. However, when the noise eliminator is selected,
INT0 cannot be used to release the STOP and HALT modes.
INT0 is a Schmitt-triggered input pin.
2.2.5 KR4 to KR7 ... input pins shared with port 7
These are key interrupt input pins. KR4 to KR7 are parallel falling edge-detected interrupt input pins.
The interrupt source can be specified for “KR4 to KR7” by using the edge detection mode register (IM2).
When the RESET signal is asserted, these pins serve as port 7 pins and are set to the input mode.
2.2.6 KRREN
This is a key return reset function selection pin. It is always set to input.
When the KRREN pin is high and it is in STOP mode, a falling input on pins KR4/P70 to KR7/P73 generates a
system reset. At this time, STOP mode is released.
When the KRREN pin is low, pins KR4/P70 to KR7/P73 function as normal input pins or release standby.
2.2.7 TH00 and TH01 ... input pins shared with port 6
These are the input pins of the programmable threshold port (threshold voltage variable analog input port).
Setting the programmable threshold port mode register (PTHM) can change the threshold voltage in 16 stages.
User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
27
CHAPTER 2 PIN FUNCTIONS
2.2.8 AVREF ... input pin shared with port 6
This is a reference voltage input pin. An analog reference voltage for the programmable threshold port is input.
µ
2.2.9 CL1 and CL2 (
PD754144 only)
These pins are used to connect the RC oscillator resistor (R) and capacitor (C) of the system clock oscillator.
No external clock can be input.
RC oscillation
µ
PD754144
CL1
C
R
CL2
VSS
2.2.10 X1 and X2 (µPD754244 only)
These pins connect a crystal/ceramic oscillator for system clock oscillation.
An external clock can also be input to these pins.
(a) Ceramic/crystal oscillation (b) External clock
PD754244
µ
X1
X2
Crystal resonator
or
ceramic resonator
µ
PD754244
X1
X2
SS
V
(4.194304 MHz TYP.)
ExternaI
clock
2.2.11 RESET
This pin inputs an active-low reset signal.
The RESET signal is an asynchronous input signal and is asserted when a signal with a specific low-level width
is input to this pin regardless of the operating clock. The RESET signal takes precedence over all the other operations.
This pin can not only be used to initialize and start the CPU, but also to release the STOP and HALT modes.
The RESET pin is a Schmitt-triggered input pin.
This pin can be connected to an internal pull-up resistor by a mask option.
28 User’s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
CHAPTER 2 PIN FUNCTIONS
2.2.12 IC
The IC (Internally Connected) pin sets the test mode in which the µPD754244 is tested before shipment. Usually,
you should directly connect the IC pin to the V
If a voltage difference is generated between the IC and V
DD pin with as short a wiring length as possible.
DD pins because the wiring length is too long, or because
external noise is superimposed on the IC pin, your program may not be correctly executed.
2.2.13 VDD
Positive power supply pin.
2.2.14 V
SS
GND.
• Directly connect the IC pin to the V
Keep as short
as possible.
IC
V
DD
V
DD
DD pin.
User’ s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM
29
CHAPTER 2 PIN FUNCTIONS
2.3 Pin I/O Circuits
The following diagrams show the I/O circuits of the pins of the µPD754244. Note that in these diagrams the I/
O circuits have been slightly simplified.
Type A
IN
CMOS specification input buffer.
Type B
IN
Type D
V
V
DD
Data
P-ch
N-ch
Output
disable
DD
P-ch
OUT
N-ch
Push-pull output that can be placed in output
high-impedance (both P-ch, N-ch off).
Type E-B
DD
V
P.U.R.
Data
Output
P.U.R.
enable
Type D
P-ch
IN/OUT
disable
Schmitt-triggered input with hysteresis characteristics.
Type B-A
DD
V
P.U.R (Mask Option)
IN
P.U.R. : Pull-Up Resistor
Type F-A
Output
disable
Data
Type A
P.U.R. : Pull-Up Resistor
P.U.R.
enable
Type D
Type B
P.U.R. : Pull-Up Resistor
V
DD
P.U.R.
P-ch
IN/OUT
30 User’ s Manual U10676EJ3V0UM