Metrohm tiamo 1.3 User Manual

CH-9101 Herisau/Switzerland
E-Mail [e-mail]
Internet www.metrohm.com

tiamo User Manual

Program version 1.3

8.101.0033 06.2008/dö/pkl

Teachware
Metrohm AG
Oberdorfstrasse 68
CH-9101 Herisau

[e-mail]

This User Manuel is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Although this User Manuel has been prepared with the greatest care, errors cannot be completely ex­cluded. Should you notice any please contact the above address.

Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction .................................. 1

1.1 Welcome to tiamo ................................................................1

1.2 User interface ......................................................................2

1.3 Integration of devices..........................................................3

1.4 Method editor .......................................................................4

1.5 Database ..............................................................................5

1.6 Communication ....................................................................6

1.7 Compliance ..........................................................................6

1.8 Versions................................................................................7

1.9 Online Help...........................................................................8

1.10 What's new in tiamo 1.3?.....................................................8

Chapter 2 General program functions .......... 9

2.1 Program parts ......................................................................9

2.2 Login/Password protection................................................10

2.2.1 General .....................................................................................10

2.2.2 Login .........................................................................................11

2.2.3 Manual logout........................................................................... 11

2.2.4 Automatic logout......................................................................11

2.2.5 Change password.....................................................................12

2.3 Electronic signatures.........................................................13

2.3.1 Rules .........................................................................................13

2.3.2 Procedure ................................................................................. 13

2.3.3 Signature Level 1 .....................................................................14

2.3.4 Signature Level 2 .....................................................................15

2.3.5 Delete Level 2 signatures ........................................................16

2.4 Formula editor....................................................................17

2.4.1 Overview ................................................................................... 17

2.4.2 Input field .................................................................................17

2.4.3 Arithmetic algorithms .............................................................. 18

2.4.4 Variables...................................................................................20

Overview ................................................................................................... 20

Method variables ...................................................................................... 20

Command variables.................................................................................. 21

Result variables ........................................................................................ 27

Table of contents iii

Determination variables ........................................................................... 27

System variables ...................................................................................... 28

Common variables.................................................................................... 28

2.4.5 Operators/Functions ................................................................ 29

Operators - Arithmetic.............................................................................. 30

Addition .............................................................................................. 30

Subtraction......................................................................................... 31

Multiplication ...................................................................................... 32

Division............................................................................................... 33

Potentiation ........................................................................................ 34

Operators - Logic...................................................................................... 35

AND .................................................................................................... 35

OR ...................................................................................................... 36

Operators - Compare................................................................................ 37

Equal .................................................................................................. 37

Larger than ......................................................................................... 38

Larger than or equal to....................................................................... 39

Smaller than ....................................................................................... 40

Smaller than or equal to..................................................................... 41

Unequal .............................................................................................. 42

Functions - Arithmetic .............................................................................. 43

Exponential function........................................................................... 43

Natural logarithm................................................................................ 43

Common logarithm ............................................................................ 43

Square root ........................................................................................ 44

Absolute value.................................................................................... 44

Fraction .............................................................................................. 44

Integer ................................................................................................ 45

Round integer..................................................................................... 45

Sign .................................................................................................... 46

Functions - Date/Time .............................................................................. 46

Time() ................................................................................................. 46

Time(Date).......................................................................................... 46

Time(Date + Time)............................................................................. 47

Functions - Type conversion.................................................................... 48

NumberToText ................................................................................... 48

NumberToTime .................................................................................. 48

TextToNumber.................................................................................... 49

TextToTime......................................................................................... 49

TimeToNumber .................................................................................. 50

TimeToText......................................................................................... 51

Functions - Text ........................................................................................ 52

TextPosition........................................................................................ 52

SubText .............................................................................................. 53

Trim .................................................................................................... 54

Miscellaneous functions .......................................................................... 54

Case ................................................................................................... 54

Error.................................................................................................... 55

ASCII table ................................................................................................ 56

2.5 Edit 57

2.5.1 Text editor ................................................................................ 57

2.5.2 Select date ............................................................................... 58

2.6 Manual control .................................................................. 59

2.6.1 General..................................................................................... 59

iv Table of contents

Select device ............................................................................ 60

2.6.2

2.6.3 Functions .................................................................................. 60

2.6.4 Graphic display ........................................................................60

2.6.5 Dosing .......................................................................................60

General...................................................................................................... 61

Prepare...................................................................................................... 62

Fill .............................................................................................................. 63

Empty ........................................................................................................ 64

Add fixed volume...................................................................................... 65

Dosing ....................................................................................................... 67

2.6.6 Stirring ......................................................................................68

Switch on/off ............................................................................................. 69

Continuous operation............................................................................... 70

2.6.7 Remote functions ..................................................................... 71

2.6.8 Sample changer functions....................................................... 72

General...................................................................................................... 73

Move .......................................................................................................... 74

Assign position ......................................................................................... 76

Pump ......................................................................................................... 78

Heater/Gas ................................................................................................ 79

Chapter 3 Workplace ................................... 81

3.1 General ...............................................................................81

3.1.1 General ..................................................................................... 81

3.1.2 Desktop..................................................................................... 81

3.1.3 Menu bar...................................................................................81

Menu File................................................................................................... 82

Menu View................................................................................................. 82

Menu Tools ............................................................................................... 82

Menu Help ................................................................................................. 83

3.1.4 Toolbar......................................................................................83

3.1.5 Subwindows .............................................................................84

3.1.6 Functions .................................................................................. 84

3.1.7 Workplace views ......................................................................86

Change layout........................................................................................... 87

Save view .................................................................................................. 88

Load view .................................................................................................. 89

Rename view............................................................................................. 89

Delete view................................................................................................ 89

3.2 Workplaces.........................................................................90

3.2.1 Create new workplace.............................................................90

3.2.2 Edit workplace .........................................................................90

3.2.3 Show workplace.......................................................................91

Select workplace in workplace symbol................................................... 91

Show single workplace ............................................................................ 91

Show workplaces beside each other ...................................................... 91

Show workplaces one below the other ................................................... 91

Table of contents v

Close workplace ...................................................................... 91

3.2.4

3.3 Sample tables.................................................................... 92

3.3.1 Edit ........................................................................................... 92

Create new sample table.......................................................................... 92

Open sample table.................................................................................... 92

Edit sample table ...................................................................................... 93

Edit sample data ....................................................................................... 94

Import sample data................................................................................... 96

Save sample table .................................................................................... 96

Print sample table (PDF) .......................................................................... 97

3.3.2 Properties................................................................................. 98

Display................................................................................................ 98

Edit ..................................................................................................... 99

Process............................................................................................. 100

Data import....................................................................................... 101

Comment.......................................................................................... 103

3.3.3 Manager ................................................................................. 103

Sample table manager ........................................................................... 103

Rename sample table............................................................................. 104

Copy sample table.................................................................................. 104

Delete sample table................................................................................ 104

Export sample table................................................................................ 104

Import sample table................................................................................ 104

3.4 Tools 105

3.4.1 Run test .................................................................................. 105

3.4.2 Sample assignment table...................................................... 105

General.................................................................................................... 105

Sample assignment table....................................................................... 106

Sample assignment ................................................................................ 106

Sample assignment request .................................................................. 107

3.4.3 Text templates ....................................................................... 107

3.5 Subwindow Run............................................................... 109

3.5.1 General................................................................................... 109

3.5.2 Single determination ............................................................. 109

Overview.................................................................................................. 109

Operating tools ....................................................................................... 110

Status display ......................................................................................... 110

Determination parameters ..................................................................... 111

Modify remark .................................................................................. 111

Sample data ............................................................................................ 112

Live modifications .................................................................................. 113

Modification comment for sample data................................................. 114

Determination run................................................................................... 114

Properties................................................................................................ 117

Display.............................................................................................. 117

Process............................................................................................. 118

Data import....................................................................................... 119

3.5.3 Determination series ............................................................. 120

Overview.................................................................................................. 120

Operating tools ....................................................................................... 120

Status display ......................................................................................... 121

vi Table of contents

Determination parameters ..................................................................... 122

Modify remark ...................................................................................123

Modify autostart counter...................................................................123

Sample data ............................................................................................ 123

Determination run................................................................................... 124

Working sample table............................................................................. 127

Load new and empty sample table ..................................................127

Load sample table ............................................................................127

Edit working sample table ................................................................128

Edit sample data ...............................................................................130

Import sample data...........................................................................132

Save sample table.............................................................................132

3.5.4 Run test ..................................................................................133

Print sample table (PDF)...................................................................133

Properties................................................................................................ 134

Display ..............................................................................................134

Edit ....................................................................................................136

Process .............................................................................................137

Data import .......................................................................................138

Comment ..........................................................................................139

3.6 Subwindow Method..........................................................140

3.6.1 General ................................................................................... 140

3.6.2 Zoom for method window ......................................................140

3.6.3 Live modifications ..................................................................140

3.6.4 Quit command ........................................................................ 141

3.7 Subwindow Live display ..................................................142

3.7.1 General ................................................................................... 142

3.7.2 Tracks .....................................................................................142

3.7.3 Application note .....................................................................143

3.7.4 Properties ...............................................................................143

3.8 Subwindow Report ...........................................................146

3.8.1 General ................................................................................... 146

3.8.2 Latest report........................................................................... 146

3.8.3 Selected report.......................................................................146

3.8.4 Report overview .....................................................................146

Chapter 4 Database ................................... 149

4.1 General .............................................................................149

4.1.1 General ................................................................................... 149

4.1.2 Desktop................................................................................... 149

4.1.3 Menu bar.................................................................................150

Menu File................................................................................................. 150

Menu Edit ................................................................................................ 150

Menu View............................................................................................... 150

Menu Determinations ............................................................................. 151

Menu Tools ............................................................................................. 152

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 152

Table of contents vii

Toolbar ................................................................................... 153

4.1.4

4.1.5 Subwindows ........................................................................... 154

4.1.6 Functions................................................................................ 155

4.1.7 Database views...................................................................... 155

Change layout......................................................................................... 156

Save view ................................................................................................ 156

Load view ................................................................................................ 157

Rename view........................................................................................... 158

Delete view.............................................................................................. 158

4.2 Open/display database ................................................... 159

4.2.1 Open database....................................................................... 159

4.2.2 Select database in database symbol.................................... 160

4.2.3 Show single database ........................................................... 160

4.2.4 Show databases beside each other...................................... 160

4.2.5 Show databases one below the other .................................. 160

4.2.6 Close database ...................................................................... 161

4.3 Manage databases.......................................................... 162

4.3.1 Database manager ................................................................ 162

4.3.2 Create new database ............................................................ 163

4.3.3 Rename database.................................................................. 163

4.3.4 Delete database..................................................................... 163

4.3.5 Database properties .............................................................. 164

General............................................................................................. 164

Access rights.................................................................................... 165

Backup ............................................................................................. 165

Monitoring ........................................................................................ 166

4.3.6 Manual database backup ...................................................... 167

4.3.7 Restore database................................................................... 167

4.4 Report templates ............................................................ 169

4.4.1 Create new report template.................................................. 169

4.4.2 Open report template ............................................................ 169

4.4.3 Edit report templates............................................................. 170

General.................................................................................................... 170

Desktop ............................................................................................ 171

Menu bar .......................................................................................... 171

Menu File.....................................................................................172

Menu Edit ....................................................................................172

Menu View...................................................................................172

Menu Insert .................................................................................173

Menu Tools..................................................................................173

Menu Help...................................................................................173

General toolbar ................................................................................ 173

Module-specific toolbar.................................................................... 174

Module bar ....................................................................................... 174

Functions................................................................................................. 175

Page setup ....................................................................................... 175

viii Table of contents

Define sections..................................................................................176

Insert pages ......................................................................................177

Insert modules ..................................................................................177

Edit modules .....................................................................................178

Zoom for report templates ................................................................179

Page preview ....................................................................................179

Comment ..........................................................................................180

Options..............................................................................................181

Save report template.........................................................................181

Modules................................................................................................... 183

Text field............................................................................................183

Data field ...........................................................................................184

Date field ...........................................................................................185

Time field...........................................................................................186

Page number ....................................................................................187

Number of pages ..............................................................................188

Fixed report.......................................................................................189

Image ................................................................................................190

Line....................................................................................................191

Rectangle ..........................................................................................191

Curve field .........................................................................................192

Curve field - x axis ...................................................................... 193

Curve field - y1 axis .................................................................... 194

Curve field - y2 axis .................................................................... 196

Curve field - options ................................................................... 197

Calibration curve field .......................................................................199

4.4.4 Manage report templates ...................................................... 200

Rename report template ...................................................................200

Copy report templates ......................................................................201

Delete report templates ....................................................................201

Export report templates ....................................................................201

Import report template ......................................................................201

4.5 Templates for control chart.............................................202

4.5.1 Manage control chart templates...........................................202

4.5.2 Properties ...............................................................................202

Graphical settings .............................................................................203

Limits.................................................................................................204

Statistics............................................................................................204

Comment ..........................................................................................205

4.6 Templates for curve overlay ............................................206

4.6.1 Manage curve overlay templates ..........................................206

4.6.2 Properties ...............................................................................207

x Axis.................................................................................................207

y-axis .................................................................................................208

Options..............................................................................................209

Comment ..........................................................................................210

4.7 Export templates..............................................................211

4.7.1 Manage ...................................................................................211

4.7.2 Properties ...............................................................................212

Select fields.......................................................................................213

Options..............................................................................................214

Table of contents ix

4.8 Subwindow Determination overview.............................. 215

4.8.1 General................................................................................... 215

Overview.................................................................................................. 215

Determination table ................................................................................ 215

Column display....................................................................................... 216

Filter selection ........................................................................................ 217

Navigation bar......................................................................................... 217

Table navigation ..................................................................................... 218

Data record selection ............................................................................. 218

4.8.2 Functions................................................................................ 219

Overview.................................................................................................. 219

Update determination table.................................................................... 220

Determination comment......................................................................... 220

Search determinations ........................................................................... 220

Filter determinations .............................................................................. 222

Last filter ........................................................................................... 222

Quick filter ........................................................................................ 222

Special filter...................................................................................... 222

Edit filter criterion ........................................................................224

Save filter.......................................................................................... 226

All statistics records ....................................................................226

Remove filter .................................................................................... 226

Sign determinations ............................................................................... 227

Rules................................................................................................. 227

Sign determinations at Level 1......................................................... 228

Sign determinations at Level 2......................................................... 229

Show determination signatures ....................................................... 230

Delete signatures 2 for determinations ............................................ 230

Export determinations ............................................................................ 231

Import determinations ............................................................................ 231

Delete determinations ............................................................................ 231

Print determination overview ................................................................. 232

Print determination report...................................................................... 233

Show determination method.................................................................. 234

Show determination history ................................................................... 235

Show calibration curve................................................................235

Control chart ........................................................................................... 237

Overlay curves ........................................................................................ 239

4.8.3 Reprocess determinations .................................................... 240

General.................................................................................................... 240

Reprocessing window ............................................................................ 241

Reprocessing rules ................................................................................ 242

Modifications .......................................................................................... 243

Variables........................................................................................... 244

Method ............................................................................................. 245

Statistics ........................................................................................... 246

Curve evaluation............................................................................... 247

Edit curve ebvaluation............................................................................ 248

Properties ......................................................................................... 250

x axis............................................................................................250

y axis ...........................................................................................251

Options........................................................................................252

Result view.............................................................................................. 254

Results overview............................................................................... 254

Raw data .......................................................................................... 255

Modification comment for determinations............................................ 256

x Table of contents

4.9 Subwindow Information...................................................257

4.9.1 Overview ................................................................................. 257

4.9.2 Determination.........................................................................257

4.9.3 Method .................................................................................... 259

4.9.4 Sample ....................................................................................261

4.9.5 Configuration.......................................................................... 262

4.9.6 Messages................................................................................264

4.9.7 Determination comment ........................................................264

4.10 Subwindow Results..........................................................265

4.10.1 Overview .................................................................................265

4.10.2 Results overview .................................................................... 265

4.10.3 Raw data................................................................................. 266

4.10.4 Calculation command ............................................................ 266

4.10.5 Properties ...............................................................................268

4.11 Subwindow Curves...........................................................269

4.11.1 General ...................................................................................269

4.11.2 Measuring point list ...............................................................270

4.11.3 Monitoring report ...................................................................271

4.11.4 Properties ...............................................................................272

x Axis.................................................................................................272

y1-axis ...............................................................................................273

y2 Axis...............................................................................................275

Options..............................................................................................276

Measuring point list...........................................................................278

Chapter 5 Method....................................... 281

5.1 General .............................................................................281

5.1.1 General ................................................................................... 281

5.1.2 Desktop................................................................................... 282

5.1.3 Menu bar.................................................................................282

Menu File................................................................................................. 282

Menu Edit ................................................................................................ 283

Menu View............................................................................................... 283

Menu Insert ............................................................................................. 284

Menu Tools ............................................................................................. 284

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 284

5.1.4 Toolbar....................................................................................284

5.1.5 Functions ................................................................................ 286

5.2 Method editor ...................................................................287

5.2.1 Create new method................................................................ 287

5.2.2 Open method ..........................................................................287

5.2.3 Display method.......................................................................289

Table of contents xi

Selecting the method in the method symbol ........................................ 289

Display single method............................................................................ 289

Display methods beside each other...................................................... 289

Display methods one below the other................................................... 289

Zoom for methods .................................................................................. 290

5.2.4 Edit method ............................................................................ 290

Edit tracks ............................................................................................... 290

Insert new track................................................................................ 290

Select track..................................................................................291

Move track........................................................................................ 291

Copy track........................................................................................ 291

Cut track........................................................................................... 292

Insert track........................................................................................ 292

Delete track ...................................................................................... 292

Edit commands ....................................................................................... 292

Insert new command........................................................................ 292

Select commands ............................................................................ 293

Move commands.............................................................................. 293

Copy commands.............................................................................. 293

Cut commands................................................................................. 293

Insert commands ............................................................................. 294

Delete commands ............................................................................ 294

Command properties ....................................................................... 294

Command comment ........................................................................ 294

5.2.5 Check method ........................................................................ 296

5.2.6 Save method .......................................................................... 296

5.2.7 Comment on modification for method .................................. 298

5.2.8 Close method ......................................................................... 298

5.3 Manage methods............................................................. 299

5.3.1 Manage methods ................................................................... 299

5.3.2 Rename method..................................................................... 300

5.3.3 Copy method .......................................................................... 301

5.3.4 Move method.......................................................................... 301

5.3.5 Delete method........................................................................ 301

5.3.6 Export method........................................................................ 301

5.3.7 Import method ....................................................................... 302

5.3.8 Sign methods ......................................................................... 302

Rules........................................................................................................ 302

Sign method at level 1............................................................................ 303

Sign method at level 2............................................................................ 304

Show method signatures ....................................................................... 304

Delete signatures 2................................................................................. 305

5.3.9 Show method history ............................................................. 306

5.4 Manage method groups .................................................. 307

5.4.1 Manage method groups......................................................... 307

5.4.2 Method group properties ....................................................... 307

General.................................................................................................... 308

Access rights .......................................................................................... 308

xii Table of contents

5.5 Tracks...............................................................................309

5.5.1 General ................................................................................... 309

5.5.2 Track types.............................................................................310

Main track................................................................................................ 310

Normal track ........................................................................................... 310

Series start track .................................................................................... 311

Series end track...................................................................................... 312

Exit track ................................................................................................. 312

Error track ............................................................................................... 313

5.5.3 Edit tracks .............................................................................. 314

5.6 Commands .......................................................................315

5.6.1 General ................................................................................... 315

5.6.2 Edit commands.......................................................................316

5.6.3 Method command overview...................................................316

5.6.4 Track commands....................................................................318

START...................................................................................................... 319

General ....................................................................................... 319

Application note ......................................................................... 321

Method variables (table) ............................................................ 322

Method variables (properties).................................................... 323

TRACK..................................................................................................... 325

SERIES START........................................................................................ 326

SERIES END............................................................................................ 326

EXIT ......................................................................................................... 327

ERROR .................................................................................................... 327

END.......................................................................................................... 327

5.6.5 Titration commands...............................................................328

DET .......................................................................................................... 328

DET pH..............................................................................................331

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 332

Start conditions .......................................................................... 335

Titration parameters ................................................................... 337

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 339

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 340

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 344

Additional measured values....................................................... 348

DET U................................................................................................350

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 351

Start conditions .......................................................................... 353

Titration parameters ................................................................... 355

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 355

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 356

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 358

Additional measured values....................................................... 360

DET Ipol ............................................................................................360

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 361

Start conditions .......................................................................... 364

Titration parameters ................................................................... 364

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 364

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 364

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 365

Additional measured values....................................................... 368

Table of contents xiii

DET Upol .......................................................................................... 369

General/Hardware.......................................................................370

Start conditions ...........................................................................372

Titration parameters ....................................................................374

Stop conditions ...........................................................................376

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................377

Additional evaluations.................................................................379

Additional measured values .......................................................381

MET.......................................................................................................... 382

MET pH ............................................................................................ 383

General/Hardware.......................................................................384

Start conditions ...........................................................................384

Titration parameters ....................................................................384

Stop conditions ...........................................................................386

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................386

Additional evaluations.................................................................387

Additional measured values .......................................................387

MET U............................................................................................... 387

General/Hardware.......................................................................387

Start conditions ...........................................................................388

Titration parameters ....................................................................388

Stop conditions ...........................................................................388

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................388

Additional evaluations.................................................................388

Additional measured values .......................................................388

MET Ipol ........................................................................................... 388

General/Hardware.......................................................................389

Start conditions ...........................................................................389

Titration parameters ....................................................................389

Stop conditions ...........................................................................389

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................389

Additional evaluations.................................................................389

Additional measured values .......................................................389

MET Upol.......................................................................................... 390

General/Hardware.......................................................................390

Start conditions ...........................................................................390

Titration parameters ....................................................................390

Stop conditions ...........................................................................391

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................391

Additional evaluations.................................................................391

Additional measured values .......................................................391

SET .......................................................................................................... 392

SET pH ............................................................................................. 393

General/Hardware.......................................................................394

Start conditions ...........................................................................394

Control parameters .....................................................................397

Titration parameters ....................................................................399

Stop conditions ...........................................................................400

Conditioning................................................................................401

Additional evaluations.................................................................403

Additional measured values .......................................................404

SET U ............................................................................................... 405

General/Hardware.......................................................................405

Start conditions ...........................................................................405

Control parameters .....................................................................406

Titration parameters ....................................................................408

Stop conditions ...........................................................................408

xiv Table of contents

Conditioning ............................................................................... 408

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 409

Additional measured values....................................................... 410

SET Ipol.............................................................................................410

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 411

Start conditions .......................................................................... 411

Control parameters .................................................................... 411

Titration parameters ................................................................... 411

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 411

Conditioning ............................................................................... 411

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 411

Additional measured values....................................................... 411

SET Upol...........................................................................................412

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 412

Start conditions .......................................................................... 413

Control parameters .................................................................... 414

Titration parameters ................................................................... 416

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 416

Conditioning ............................................................................... 416

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 417

Additional measured values....................................................... 418

KFT .......................................................................................................... 419

KFT Ipol.............................................................................................421

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 421

Start conditions .......................................................................... 424

Control parameters .................................................................... 424

Titration parameters ................................................................... 426

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 427

Conditioning ............................................................................... 427

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 427

Additional measured values....................................................... 427

KFT Upol ...........................................................................................427

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 428

Start conditions .......................................................................... 428

Control parameters .................................................................... 428

Titration parameters ................................................................... 428

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 428

Conditioning ............................................................................... 428

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 428

Additional measured values....................................................... 428

KFC.......................................................................................................... 429

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 430

Start conditions .......................................................................... 431

Control parameters .................................................................... 432

Titration parameters ................................................................... 434

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 435

Conditioning ............................................................................... 435

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 438

Additional measured values....................................................... 438

STAT ........................................................................................................ 439

STAT pH............................................................................................ 440

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 441

Start conditions .......................................................................... 446

Control parameters .................................................................... 448

Titration parameters ................................................................... 450

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 451

Monitoring................................................................................... 452

Table of contents xv

Evaluations..................................................................................459

Additional measured values .......................................................462

STAT U ............................................................................................. 462

General/Hardware.......................................................................463

Start conditions ...........................................................................466

Control parameters .....................................................................467

Titration parameters ....................................................................469

Stop conditions ...........................................................................470

Monitoring ...................................................................................471

Evaluations..................................................................................477

Additional measured values .......................................................480

Evaluation................................................................................................ 480

pK value and half neutralization potential ........................................ 480

Minimum and maximum evaluation ................................................. 481

Break point evaluation...................................................................... 482

Gran evaluation ................................................................................ 483

5.6.6 Measuring commands ........................................................... 484

MEAS pH ................................................................................................. 484

General/Hardware.......................................................................485

Measuring parameters................................................................ 487

Evaluations..................................................................................489

Additional measured values .......................................................491

MEAS U ................................................................................................... 491

General/Hardware.......................................................................492

Measuring parameters................................................................ 493

Evaluations..................................................................................495

Additional measured values .......................................................497

MEAS Ipol................................................................................................ 497

General/Hardware.......................................................................498

Measuring parameters................................................................ 499

Evaluations..................................................................................499

Additional measured values .......................................................499

MEAS Upol .............................................................................................. 500

General/Hardware.......................................................................501

Measuring parameters................................................................ 502

Evaluations..................................................................................504

Additional measured values .......................................................506

MEAS T.................................................................................................... 506

General/Hardware.......................................................................507

Measuring parameters................................................................ 508

Evaluations..................................................................................510

Additional measured values .......................................................512

MEAS T/Flow........................................................................................... 512

General/Hardware.......................................................................512

Measuring parameters................................................................ 513

Evaluations..................................................................................513

Additional measured values .......................................................514

MEAS Conc ............................................................................................. 514

General/Hardware.......................................................................515

Measuring parameters................................................................ 516

Additional measured values .......................................................516

MEAS Cond............................................................................................. 516

General/Hardware.......................................................................517

Measuring parameters................................................................ 518

Evaluations..................................................................................519

Additional measured values .......................................................520

STDADD................................................................................................... 521

xvi Table of contents

STDADD man....................................................................................521

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 522

Standard addition....................................................................... 524

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 525

STDADD dos.....................................................................................527

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 528

Standard addition....................................................................... 530

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 531

STDADD auto....................................................................................531

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 532

Standard addition....................................................................... 532

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 533

5.6.7 Calibration commands...........................................................533

Calibrating with manual solution changing .......................................... 535

Calibrating with automatic solution changing ...................................... 536

CAL LOOP pH ......................................................................................... 537

CAL LOOP pH - properties ........................................................ 538

CAL MEAS pH ......................................................................................... 539

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 539

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 542

CAL LOOP Conc ..................................................................................... 543

CAL LOOP Conc - properties .................................................... 543

CAL MEAS Conc..................................................................................... 544

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 544

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 545

5.6.8 Dosing commands.................................................................. 546

ADD.......................................................................................................... 546

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 547

Dosing parameters..................................................................... 550

DOS ......................................................................................................... 551

DOS pH.............................................................................................551

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 552

Dosing parameters..................................................................... 554

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 556

Monitoring................................................................................... 557

Additional measured values....................................................... 560

DOS U ...............................................................................................560

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 561

Dosing parameters..................................................................... 564

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 564

Monitoring................................................................................... 565

Additionan measured values ..................................................... 569

LQH.......................................................................................................... 569

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 569

Parameters ................................................................................. 570

PREP........................................................................................................ 572

PREP - properties....................................................................... 573

EMPTY ..................................................................................................... 575

EMPTY - properties .................................................................... 575

5.6.9 Automation commands..........................................................576

MOVE....................................................................................................... 576

MOVE - properties...................................................................... 577

SWING ..................................................................................................... 579

SWING - properties .................................................................... 579

LIFT.......................................................................................................... 581

LIFT - Properties ......................................................................... 581

Table of contents xvii

PUMP....................................................................................................... 582

PUMP - properties.......................................................................583

STIR ......................................................................................................... 584

STIR - properties .........................................................................584

RACK ....................................................................................................... 586

RACK - properties .......................................................................586

HEATER................................................................................................... 587

HEATER - properties...................................................................588

FLOW....................................................................................................... 589

FLOW - properties.......................................................................590

5.6.10 Result commands .................................................................. 591

CALC ....................................................................................................... 591

CALC - result table ........................................................................... 592

CALC result properties..................................................................... 594

Result - definition ........................................................................594

Result - Monitoring......................................................................595

Result - options ...........................................................................597

Send e-mail .................................................................................598

Result templates............................................................................... 599

Manage result templates ............................................................599

Save result template ...................................................................599

Rename result template..............................................................600

DATABASE .............................................................................................. 600

DATABASE - properties ..............................................................601

REPORT................................................................................................... 602

REPORT - Properties ..................................................................602

EXPORT................................................................................................... 603

EXPORT - properties...................................................................603

5.6.11 Communication commands................................................... 604

CTRL........................................................................................................ 604

CTRL - Properties........................................................................605

SCAN ....................................................................................................... 606

SCAN - Properties.......................................................................606

SEND ....................................................................................................... 608

SEND - properties.......................................................................608

SEND - event messages.............................................................609

RECEIVE.................................................................................................. 610

RECEIVE - properties..................................................................610

RECEIVE - event/state ................................................................612

TRANSFER .............................................................................................. 613

TRANSFER - properties ..............................................................613

TRANSFER - transfer commands...............................................614

5.6.12 Miscellaneous commands ..................................................... 617

REQUEST ................................................................................................ 617

REQUEST - properties ................................................................617

REQUEST - sample data request...............................................619

CALL ........................................................................................................ 620

CALL - properties........................................................................620

CALL - call...................................................................................621

LOOP ....................................................................................................... 622

LOOP - properties.......................................................................624

WAIT ........................................................................................................ 625

WAIT - properties ........................................................................625

SEQUENCE ............................................................................................. 626

SEQUENCE - properties.............................................................627

xviii Table of contents

5.7 Method reports.................................................................628

5.7.1 Select method reports ...........................................................628

5.7.2 Method sequence report........................................................628

5.7.3 Method parameters report.....................................................629

5.7.4 Titration and measurement parameters report ...................629

Chapter 6 Configuration ............................ 631

6.1 General .............................................................................631

6.1.1 General ................................................................................... 631

6.1.2 Desktop................................................................................... 631

6.1.3 Menu bar.................................................................................632

Menu File................................................................................................. 632

Menu View............................................................................................... 632

Menu Tools ............................................................................................. 633

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 633

6.1.4 Toolbar....................................................................................634

6.1.5 Subwindows ...........................................................................634

6.1.6 Functions ................................................................................ 635

6.1.7 Configuration views ............................................................... 636

Change layout......................................................................................... 636

Save view ................................................................................................ 637

Load view ................................................................................................ 638

Rename view........................................................................................... 639

Delete view.............................................................................................. 639

6.2 Administration..................................................................640

6.2.1 Security settings ....................................................................640

Login/Password protection.................................................................... 641

Send e-mail ................................................................................ 643

Audit Trail/Modifications ........................................................................ 644

Signatures............................................................................................... 645

Default reasons....................................................................................... 646

6.2.2 User administration ............................................................... 648

User groups ............................................................................................ 649

User group information.....................................................................649

Access rights.....................................................................................651

Signatures.........................................................................................652

Options..............................................................................................653

Add user group .................................................................................653

Copy user group...............................................................................654

Rename user group ..........................................................................654

Delete user group .............................................................................654

Add user............................................................................................655

Users ....................................................................................................... 655

User information................................................................................655

Add user............................................................................................656

Set start password ............................................................................657

6.2.3 Program administration......................................................... 658

Backup directories ................................................................................. 658

Create new backup directory............................................................659

Table of contents xix

Edit backup directory ....................................................................... 659

Clients............................................................................................... 660

Licenses ........................................................................................... 660

6.3 Configuration data .......................................................... 662

6.3.1 Export/Import ......................................................................... 662

Export configuration data....................................................................... 662

Import configuration data....................................................................... 664

6.3.2 Backup/Restore...................................................................... 665

Backup configuration data automatically ............................................. 665

Backup configuration data manually..................................................... 666

Restore configuration data .................................................................... 668

6.3.3 Templates .............................................................................. 669

Custom calibration buffers .................................................................... 669

Templates for input lines........................................................................ 670

Templates for output lines ..................................................................... 671

6.3.4 Options ................................................................................... 673

General............................................................................................. 673

Save.................................................................................................. 674

PDF................................................................................................... 674

6.4 Audit Trail ........................................................................ 675

6.4.1 General................................................................................... 675

General.................................................................................................... 675

Desktop ................................................................................................... 675

Menu bar ................................................................................................. 675

Menu File.......................................................................................... 676

Menu View........................................................................................ 676

Menu Filter........................................................................................ 676

Menu Tools....................................................................................... 676

Menu Help........................................................................................ 676

Toolbar .................................................................................................... 677

Filter selection ........................................................................................ 677

Audit Trail - navigation bar..................................................................... 677

Functions................................................................................................. 678

6.4.2 Audit Trail table ..................................................................... 678

Column display....................................................................................... 680

Filter Audit Trail ...................................................................................... 680

Last filter ........................................................................................... 680

Quick filter ........................................................................................ 681

Special filter...................................................................................... 681

Edit filter condition ......................................................................683

Save filter.....................................................................................684

Remove filter .................................................................................... 684

Update Audit Trail................................................................................... 685

Export Audit Trail .................................................................................... 685

Archive Audit Trail .................................................................................. 685

Delete Audit Trail .................................................................................... 686

Print Audit Trail ....................................................................................... 687

Audit Trail monitoring............................................................................. 687

6.5 Subwindow Devices ........................................................ 688

6.5.1 General................................................................................... 688

6.5.2 Device table ........................................................................... 688

xx Table of contents

Column display....................................................................................... 690

Add new device ...................................................................................... 691

Delete device .......................................................................................... 691

Print devices list ..................................................................................... 691

6.5.3 Device properties ...................................................................692

Overview ................................................................................................. 692

Titrando ................................................................................................... 692

General..............................................................................................693

Load new program version ........................................................ 693

Measuring inputs ..............................................................................694

MSB #...............................................................................................695

GLP ...................................................................................................696

Titrino ...................................................................................................... 697

General..............................................................................................697

Load new program version ........................................................ 698

Int. dosing device D0 ........................................................................699

Ext. dosing device D# ......................................................................699

RS 232...............................................................................................700

GLP ...................................................................................................701

Coulometer ............................................................................................. 702

General..............................................................................................702

Load new program version ........................................................ 703

RS 232...............................................................................................703

GLP ...................................................................................................704

Conductometer ....................................................................................... 706

General..............................................................................................706

Load new program version ........................................................ 707

RS 232...............................................................................................707

GLP ...................................................................................................708

Dosing Interface ..................................................................................... 709

General..............................................................................................709

Load new program version ........................................................ 710

MSB #...............................................................................................711

GLP ...................................................................................................712

814/815 USB Sample Processor............................................................ 713

General..............................................................................................714

Load new program version ........................................................ 714

Tower #.............................................................................................715

Robotic arm configuration.......................................................... 716

External position......................................................................... 718

Rack ..................................................................................................719

MSB #...............................................................................................720

GLP ...................................................................................................721

855 Robotic Titrosampler....................................................................... 722

General..............................................................................................722

Load new program version ........................................................ 723

Measuring inputs ..............................................................................724

Tower #.............................................................................................725

External position......................................................................... 728

Rack ..................................................................................................728

MSB #...............................................................................................729

GLP ...................................................................................................730

778/789 Sample Processor .................................................................... 732

General..............................................................................................733

Load new program version ........................................................ 733

Tower #.............................................................................................734

Robotic arm configuration.......................................................... 736

Table of contents xxi

External position..........................................................................737

Rack ................................................................................................. 738

MSB # .............................................................................................. 739

RS 232.............................................................................................. 740

GLP................................................................................................... 740

730 Sample Changer .............................................................................. 741

General............................................................................................. 742

Load new program version.........................................................742

Towers.............................................................................................. 743

Rack ................................................................................................. 744

Dosing device................................................................................... 745

RS 232.............................................................................................. 745

GLP................................................................................................... 746

774 Oven Sample Processor ................................................................. 747

General............................................................................................. 748

Load new program version.........................................................748

Towers.............................................................................................. 749

Rack ................................................................................................. 750

Edit rack properties (774)................................................................. 751

Lift positions ................................................................................751

Special beakers ..........................................................................752

Dosing device................................................................................... 752

Oven ................................................................................................. 753

Gas ................................................................................................... 753

RS 232.............................................................................................. 754

GLP................................................................................................... 755

Balance.................................................................................................... 756

General............................................................................................. 756

RS 232.............................................................................................. 757

Test connection...........................................................................758

GLP................................................................................................... 759

Barcode reader ....................................................................................... 760

General............................................................................................. 760

Settings ............................................................................................ 761

Check connection .......................................................................762

GLP................................................................................................... 762

RS232 device .......................................................................................... 763

General............................................................................................. 764

RS 232.............................................................................................. 765

Test connection...........................................................................766

GLP................................................................................................... 766

6.6 Subwindow Titrants/Solutions........................................ 768

6.6.1 General................................................................................... 768

6.6.2 Solution table......................................................................... 768

Column display....................................................................................... 770

Add new solution .................................................................................... 770

Delete solution........................................................................................ 771

Print solution list..................................................................................... 771

6.6.3 Solution properties ................................................................ 771

Solution ............................................................................................ 772

Titer................................................................................................... 773

Titer history....................................................................................... 775

Titer history - Limits .....................................................................776

Exchange unit .................................................................................. 777

Dosing unit ....................................................................................... 780

xxii Table of contents

GLP ...................................................................................................784

6.7 Subwindow Sensors.........................................................786

6.7.1 General ................................................................................... 786

6.7.2 Sensor table ...........................................................................786

Column display....................................................................................... 788

Add new sensor...................................................................................... 788

Delete sensor.......................................................................................... 789

Print sensor list....................................................................................... 789

6.7.3 Sensor properties...................................................................790

Edit properties ............................................................................ 790

Sensor...............................................................................................790

Calibration data.................................................................................792

Limits.................................................................................................794

History ..................................................................................................... 795

Sensor history - Limits................................................................ 796

6.8 Subwindow Common Variables.......................................799

6.8.1 General ................................................................................... 799

6.8.2 Table of common variables ...................................................799

Column display....................................................................................... 801

Add new common variable..................................................................... 801

Delete common variable ........................................................................ 802

Print list of common variables ............................................................... 802

6.8.3 Common variables properties ...............................................802

Common variable..............................................................................803

History...............................................................................................805

History - limits............................................................................. 806

6.9 Subwindow Rack data .....................................................807

6.9.1 General ................................................................................... 807

6.9.2 Rack table ..............................................................................807

Add new rack .......................................................................................... 808

Delete rack .............................................................................................. 809

Print rack list........................................................................................... 809

6.9.3 Rack properties......................................................................810

Rack parameters...............................................................................811

Lift positions......................................................................................812

Special beakers ................................................................................813

Special beaker............................................................................ 814

Chapter 7 How to proceed......................... 815

7.1 Audit Trail .........................................................................815

7.1.1 Open Audit Trail......................................................................815

7.1.2 Filter Audit Trail .....................................................................815

7.1.3 Export Audit Trail ...................................................................816

7.1.4 Archive Audit Trail.................................................................. 816

7.1.5 Delete Audit Trail ...................................................................817

7.2 Backup..............................................................................818

Table of contents xxiii

Backup database................................................................... 818

7.2.1

7.2.2 Restore database................................................................... 819

7.2.3 Backup configuration data.................................................... 819

7.2.4 Restore configuration data ................................................... 820

7.2.5 Backup methods .................................................................... 821

7.2.6 Archive Audit Trail ................................................................. 822

7.3 Determinations................................................................ 823

7.3.1 Start single determination .................................................... 823

7.3.2 Start determination series .................................................... 824

7.3.3 Search determinations .......................................................... 825

7.3.4 Filter determinations ............................................................. 825

7.3.5 Sign determination ................................................................ 826

7.3.6 Export determinations ........................................................... 827

7.3.7 Import determinations........................................................... 827

7.3.8 Delete determinations........................................................... 828

7.3.9 Make current previous determination version ..................... 828

7.3.10 Reprocess determinations .................................................... 828

7.3.11 Print determination report .................................................... 831

7.3.12 Print determination overview................................................ 831

7.4 Databases........................................................................ 832

7.4.1 Open database....................................................................... 832

7.4.2 Close database ...................................................................... 832

7.4.3 Create new database ............................................................ 832

7.4.4 Backup database................................................................... 833

7.4.5 Restore database................................................................... 834

7.4.6 Delete database..................................................................... 834

7.5 Configuration data .......................................................... 835

7.5.1 Export configuration data...................................................... 835

7.5.2 Import configuration data ..................................................... 835

7.5.3 Backup configuration data.................................................... 835

7.5.4 Restore configuration data ................................................... 836

7.6 Methods ........................................................................... 838

7.6.1 Open method.......................................................................... 838

7.6.2 Close method ......................................................................... 838

7.6.3 Create new method ............................................................... 838

7.6.4 Save method .......................................................................... 839

7.6.5 Delete method........................................................................ 839

7.6.6 Export method........................................................................ 840

xxiv Table of contents

Import method........................................................................840

7.6.7

7.6.8 Sign method............................................................................840

7.6.9 Make current previous method version ................................ 841

7.6.10 Print method report................................................................842

7.7 Method groups .................................................................843

7.7.1 Create new method group .....................................................843

7.7.2 Delete method group..............................................................843

7.8 Reports .............................................................................844

7.8.1 Create new report template ..................................................844

7.8.2 Edit report template...............................................................844

7.8.3 Print determination report..................................................... 845

7.8.4 Print method report................................................................846

7.8.5 Print determination overview ................................................ 846

7.9 Sample tables ..................................................................847

7.9.1 Create new sample table.......................................................847

7.9.2 Edit sample table ................................................................... 847

7.9.3 Load working sample table ................................................... 848

7.9.4 Edit working sample table.....................................................848

Chapter 8 Index.......................................... 849

Table of contents xxv

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Welcome to tiamo

tiamo = titration and more

tiamo is a control and database software for titrators, dosing devices and sample
changers that allows complete laboratory automation, which is why the name

tiamo stands for «titration and more» – tiamo can do far more than just titrate.

tiamo is the successor of the TiNet and Workcell software. With it Metrohm now of-

fers worldwide a uniform software product for laboratory automation. This means
that an internationally operating concern can now use the same software platform
for processing all its samples and exchange data and methods without any loss.

The most important program features

• Easy to use and configurable user interface

• Easy integration of instruments and accessories

• Comfortable method editor

• Database program with client/server functionality

• Manifold import and export possibilities

• FDA compatibility according to 21 CFR Part 11

• Program versions

• Extensive online help

• What's new in tiamo 1.3?

Welcome to tiamo 1

1.2 User interface

The modern user interface makes it easy for users to familiarize themselves with
tiamo quickly. All command and control functions are located where users would
expect them. The tiamo bar on the left-hand side of the screen allows access to
the four basic tiamo components:

Whether these buttons are visible or concealed depends on the user’s rights of
access. The menu bar is located in the upper part of the screen. Again, each indi­vidual command can be concealed in accordance with the rights of access of the
user.

In the center of the screen are the information windows, in which settings, sam­ple input templates, real-time curves or results are shown. This display can be ad­justed individually for each user with the aid of the new Layout Manager. This
means that each user can only see the windows or buttons necessary for his or
her work. This shortens the familiarization time for users carrying out routine work
to a minimum; operating errors resulting from a cluttered screen are now a thing
of the past.

The methods and calculation templates successfully introduced with the Ti­trando system are also available with tiamo. Numerous tried and tested methods
allow users to draw up their own individual methods quickly and simply and to use
them immediately.

2 Introduction

1.3 Integration of devices

tiamo brings together the world of Titrino devices with the new generation of the
Titrando system. In the software sector such compatibility with existing Metrohm

devices is not just a matter of course. The whole Titrino family, which was previ­ously also controlled by TiNet, can continue to be operated under tiamo, and this
after more than 10 years on the market! In addition, sample changers, some of
which are no longer in our sales program, can also be operated under tiamo.
That's how Metrohm protects your investments!

Of course, all the models of the latest Titrando generation as well as the new
Sample Processors are compatible with tiamo. In this way all the advantages of
USB communication, such as plug and play or recognition of the intelligent dosing
systems, can be utilized to the full with tiamo. Even the mixed operation of older
RS 232-controlled and the new USB-controlled instruments is possible without any
problems.

Devices compatible with tiamo

• Titrando

808, 809, 835, 836, 841, 842, 855, 857, 888, 890

• Titrino

702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798, 799

• Conductometer

712

• KF Coulometer

756, 831

• Sample Changer

730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815, 855

• Miscellaneous

846 Dosing Interface, balances, barcode readers ...

Integration of devices 3

1.4 Method editor

The new graphical Method Editor makes more of your titration system. Methods
can be drawn up quickly and simply by using the numerous templates. Methods
that have been proved in practice are available for most routine and automation
tasks. A few clicks are all that is needed to adapt them and make them ready for
use.

It is now possible to program and link activities that take place in parallel. This
means that, together with the new Titrando system and the Robotic Sample Proc­essors, a sample can now be titrated while the next sample is already being pre­pared. This saves time and increases sample throughput. The crowning achieve­ment is the simultaneous processing of several samples – one Titrando can carry
out two titrations at the same time. This doubles sample throughput!

tiamo is flexible and adapts itself to the analytical sequence, not vice versa.

Overview of functions

• Graphical method editor

• Method manager

• Access rights management for each method group

• Templates for method development and calculations

• Method test

• Comments for methods

• Parallel track function

• Loop function

4 Introduction

1.5 Database

tiamo is based on an industrially tested, object-oriented database. The con­figuration database contains all settings, the user administration, methods and

templates. The determination data are stored in determination databases de­fined by the user. These databases can be installed locally on the computer used
and represent a simple titration system. However, tiamo is also scaleable and
grows to meet the operating requirements. As soon as data security and central
data administration come to the fore, tiamo can be set up in a client-server con-
figuration, with the tiamo database installed on a server. All measuring and office
computers then act as clients. In this titration network all results are stored cen­trally and can be viewed and recalculated by all client PCs. In addition, all clients
can access the same pool of methods.

The new database provides all the necessary tools for managing results as well as
for searching for them and grouping them together. Quick Filters allow users to
search through thousands of determinations in a few seconds and present the
search results in a clear manner. Control charts provide a rapid overview of the
chronological sequence of the results.

All the possibilities for recalculation and re-evaluation are available to the us­ers.

Overview of functions

• Object-oriented Client/Server database

• Quick filter and powerful search functions

• Access rights management for each database

• Automatic database backup function

• Layout manager for database view

• Reprocessing function for variables, methods, statistics, and curve evalua-

tion

• Control charts

Database 5

1.6 Communication

Easy and inexpensive integration into existing laboratory information systems,
central databases and long-term archiving systems is crucial for the acceptance
of PC-controlled analytical systems.

tiamo is communicative. LIMS systems can easily import work lists into tiamo’s
own sample table and also control them remotely, without any additional modules.
Data generated in tiamo are now exported in XML format. This enables the simple
incorporation into all LIMS systems currently on the market. Export to long-term
archiving systems such as NuGenesis SDMS or Scientific Software CyberLABlab
is also supported.

With the new Report Designer the analysis reports can now be drawn up simply
and flexibly. The Report Designer allows report templates to be freely defined. In
this way reports of one or more determinations can be produced at any time with
a selectable layout in pdf format or as a paper printout.

A special feature of tiamo is that status messages, error messages or results can
be transmitted from the method sequence to the user by E-Mail.

Overview of functions

• Import of sample data

• Several data export formats,such as XML, CSV, SLK

• Direct export to NuGenesis SDMS, Scientific Software CyberLAB, etc.

• Report designer

• E-mail function for status messages, error messages, or results

• Import of external measured values

1.7 Compliance

tiamo also sets new standards with respect to compliance with GMP, GLP and
FDA requirements. The latest quality standards and validation procedures have

been used during the development and programming of the software. Right from
the very start tiamo has been designed to comply with the demands of FDA
Regulation 21 CFR Part 11 and its customer-specific interpretations. This is
confirmed by a compliance certificate. A central user administration determines
rights of access to program functions, methods and results. Any number of users
with freely definable user profiles are possible. The system administrator has com­fortable access to the user administration from any tiamo client. Access to the
software is password-protected and either the tiamo or Windows login can be se­lected.

The use of digital signatures allows to sign methods and results. Two signatures
with different features are available. With the Level 1 Signature (Review) the user
confirms the he has correctly programmed the method or correctly performed the
analysis, whatever the case. The Level 2 Signature (Release) is used to release
the method or the result and protect it against further changes. This means that
company-specific workflows can be displayed in tiamo.

6 Introduction

All data are managed by version control and protected against unauthorized
access, alteration or deletion in the database. The database itself controls access
to the data in network operation and offers archiving and recovery functions.

The Audit Trail protocols all user actions as well as important system events.

Compliance features of tiamo

• Designed and validated for compliance

• Central user administration

• Detailed access rights management

• tiamo or Windows password protection

• Digital signature with two levels

• Different signatures for methods and results

• Method and results history

• Detailed Audit Trail guarantees traceability

1.8 Versions

tiamo is available in three versions; these differ in the range of functions offered.
An upgrade is possible at any time.

tiamo 1.3 light tiamo 1.3 full tiamo 1.3 multi
Article 6.6056.131 6.6056.132 6.6056.133
Maximum number of instruments per PC 2 unlimited unlimited
Compliant with FDA 21 CFR Part 11
User administration
Security policies
Audit Trail
Client-server support
Number of licenses 1 1 3
Additional licenses (optional)
XML data export to LIMS
Parallel titrations
Upgrade available

z z z

z z

z z

z z
z z

z

z
z z
z z

Versions 7

1.9 Online Help

Help call

tiamo contains an extensive and detailed online help that can be called in two dif­ferent ways:

• General call

With the menu item
with the subject Welcome. From there you can jump to desired subject via

Content, Index or Search.

• Context-sensitive call

By pressing the key [F1] on the keypad the online help opens directly with
the subject showing information about the activated element (dialog win­dow, tab).

Help, tiamo Help or the icon the online help opens

1.10 What's new in tiamo 1.3?

New devices

• 888 Titrando and 890 Titrando

8 Introduction

Chapter 2 General program

functions

2.1 Program parts

tiamo has four different program parts which can be opened by clicking on the
corresponding symbol in the vertical bar at the left-hand margin. The symbole for
the program part opened is shown in color, the symbols for the other program
parts in black and white. The menues, toolbars, and the content of the main win­dow depend on the program part opened.

Program part Workplace

• Open/close workplaces

• Start single determinations and determination series

• Sample tables

• Manual operation of instruments

Program part Database

• Open/close databases

• Database manager

• Reprocessing

• Creation of report templates

Program part Method

• Open/close existing methods

• Create new methods

• Method manager

Program part Configuration

• Configuration of instruments, solutions, sensors, common

variables, and rack data

• Security settings

• User administration

• Program administration

• Audit Trail

Note
The access to the different program parts can be switched off in the User ad­ministration. In this case, the corresponding symbols will be hidden.

Program parts 9

2.2 Login/Password protection

2.2.1 General

Login in tiamo

tiamo can be configured so that all users must log in with User name and Pass­word; these entries are then checked automatically. A requirement for this is that

a User administration has been set up and the corresponding Security settings
have been made. This data is stored in the configuration database. In client/server
systems this is found on the server and applies globally for all clients (central user
administration).

FDA-conform settings

If FDA-conform work is to be carried out then the settings on the tab
Login/Password protection in the dialog window
11 must be switched on with the button
observed:

• Each time that the program is started a Login with user name and

password is required.

• Password administration takes place in tiamo.

• User names must be unambiguous. Once users have been entered they

cannot be deleted.

• Passwords must be unambiguous for each user. No password that has

been used once by the user and has expired may be reused.

• Passwords must have a minimum number of characters.

• Passwords must have a defined Validity period after which they must be

changed.

• The number of incorrect attempts for entering the password is limited. If

this number is exceeded then the user is automatically given the status

.

active

[Set]. The following conditions are then

Security settings as per 21 CFR

in-

Actions

If login is switched on then the following actions can be carried out:

• Login at program start

• Manual logout

• Automatic logout

• Change password

10 General program functions

2.2.2 Login

If the two options Enforce login with user name and Enforce login with password are
switched on in the Security settings then each time the program is started and
each time a user is logged out the dialog window

User

Entry of the short name of the user.

Password

Entry of the password.

Note
A user who is logging in for the first time or whose status has been reset from

active

or
ministrator. The window
word to be entered.

removed

to

Login will appear.

active

must log in with the Start password issued by the ad-

Change password

then opens automatically for the pass-

in-

Opens the window Change password in which the new password must be
entered and confirmed.

The login is cancelled, the program is closed.

2.2.3 Manual logout

A logged-in user can log out at any time with the menu item File, User, Logout. The
logout options defined in the Security settings apply. After the logout process has
finished the

Login window opens in which a new user can log in.

2.2.4 Automatic logout

If automatic logout is switched on in the Security settings then the user will be
logged out automatically if the mouse and keyboard are not used within the de­fined time. When this time has expired the
same user can log in again.

Login window opens in which only the

Note
Users with Administrator can always log in, an Emergency stop is also possible.

Login/Password protection 11

2.2.5 Change password

This button in the dialog window Login opens the Change password window
in which the new password must be entered and confirmed.

Note
It is essential that the password is changed before the Validity period (see Secu­rity settings - Login/Password protection) of the password expires. This window
will open automatically for a user who is logging in for the first time or whose sta­tus has been reset from
Start password. For
must be entered.

Old password

Entry of the previous password.

New password

24 characters

Entry of the new password. The Password options are defined in the secu­rity settings on the register card

Confirm password

24 characters

Confirms the new password.

inactive

Old password

or

removed

to

active

after logging in with the

the Start password issued by the Administrator

Login/Password protection.

12 General program functions

2.3 Electronic signatures

2.3.1 Rules

In tiamo methods and determinations can be electronically signed at two levels.
The following rules apply:

• Signature levels

Methods and determinations can be signed at two levels (Signature Level 1
and Signature Level 2) by entering the user name and password.

• Multiple signing

Methods and determinations can be signed several times at each level. All
the signatures are saved and documented in the Audit Trail.

• Sign at Level 1

If Level 2 has been signed then no more signatures are possible at Level 1.

• Sign at Level 2

Level 2 can only be signed when signatures already exist at Level 1.

• Different users

The same user can only sign at either Level 1 or Level 2.

• Reason and note

Each signature must be accompanied by a reason selected from prede­fined default reasons. A further comment can be entered additionally.

• Saved data

The signature date, user name, full name, reason and note are saved for
each signature.

• Deleting Level 1 signatures

Signatures at Level 1 are automatically deleted when a new version is gen­erated.

• Deleting Level 2 signatures

Signatures at Level 2 can only be deleted by users who have the appropri­ate rights.

• Signing methods

Methods can always only be signed individually.

• Signature options

The options for electronic signatures are set on the tab Signatures in the
dialog window

Security settings.

2.3.2 Procedure

With respect to their signatures, methods and determinations can have one of the
following three statuses (see flow diagram):

• Not signed

Methods and determinations that have not been signed can be edited and
deleted; a new version is generated for each alteration.

• Signed (1)

When methods and determinations are signed at Level 1 no new versions
are generated. If methods and determinations signed at Level 1 are edited
then a new version is generated that contains no signatures. Methods and
determinations signed at Level 1 can be deleted.

• Signed (2)

When methods and determinations are signed at Level 2 no new versions
are generated. Methods and determinations signed at Level 2 can neither

Electronic signatures 13

be edited nor deleted. However, it is possible to delete Level 2 signatures
while retaining the Level 1 signatures.

2.3.3 Signature Level 1

In the Signature Level 1 window methods or determinations can be signed at Level

1.

Note
Methods or determinations that have been signed at Level 1 can be edited and
deleted. If the edited method or determination is saved as a new version then all
the existing signatures will be deleted automatically, i.e. the method or determi­nation must be signed again.

Info

Information about signatures and the deletion of signatures is shown in this
field. The following messages are possible:

Signature possible

The selected method or determination can be signed.

Signature 1 not possible (signature 2 exists)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed at Level 1 as it has
already been signed at Level 2.

Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed as it has already
been marked for signature by another client.

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Password

Entry of the password.

Reason

14 General program functions

Selection from standard reasons

Selection from the Default reasons defined in the dialog window

settings

Comment

1000 characters

for the category Signature Level 1.

Entry of remarks about the signature.

Signs for method or determination. The window remains open.

Note
Methods and determinations can only be signed at Level 1 when the user be­longs to a user group that has the appropriate rights (see User administra­tion/User group/Signatures).

2.3.4 Signature Level 2

In the Signature Level 2 methods or determinations can be signed at Level 2.

Note
Methods or determinations that have been signed at Level 2 are blocked, i.e.
they can neither be edited nor deleted. In order to be able to edit such methods
or determinations again the signatures at Level 2 must first be deleted (see De­lete Level 2 signatures).

Security

Info

Information about signatures and the deletion of signatures is shown in this
field. The following messages are possible:

Signature possible

The selected method or determination can be signed.

Signature 2 not possible (signature 1 missing)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed at Level 2 as it has
not yet been signed at Level 1.

Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed as it has already
been marked for signature by another client.

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Password

Entry of the password.

Reason

Selection from standard reasons

Selection from the Default reasons defined in the dialog window

settings

Comment

for the category Signature Level 2.

Security

Electronic signatures 15

1000 characters

Entry of remarks about the signature.

Signs for method or determination. The window remains open.

Note
Methods and determinations can only be signed at Level 2 when the user be­longs to a user group that has the appropriate rights (see User administra­tion/User group/Signatures).

2.3.5 Delete Level 2 signatures

In the Delete Level 2 signatures window all the signatures at Level 2 for the selected
method or determination can be deleted.

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Password

Entry of the password.

Delete Level 2 signatures 2.

Note
Level 2 signatures can only be deleted when the user belongs to a user group
that has the appropriate rights (see User administration/User group/Signatures).

16 General program functions

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.1 Overview

The Formula editor is used for support in entering formulas for calculating the re­sult. It has an automatic Syntax check that is triggered when the formula is
adopted. The usual Rules of priority apply for computer operations (see Operator
functions - Overview).

The dialog window Formula editor contains the following items:

• Input field

Etry of the calculation formula.

• Function keys

Buttons for the quick input of operators and brackets.

• Variables

Selection from the variables available for the calculation formula.

• Operators/Functions

Selection from the operators and functions available for the calculation for­mula.

• Description

Describes the selected variables, operators or functions.

2.4.2 Input field

In the Input field of the formula editor the Calculation formula is entered. The fol­lowing possibilities exist for making entries:

Entry via keyboard

• Numbers

Numbers and mathematical functions can be entered directly via the key­board.

Formula editor 17

• Text

Text must be introduced and terminated with inverted commas

text"

).

• Variables

Variables must be introduced and terminated with an inverted comma
(e.g.

'MV.MyVariable').

• Time

Time information must always be entered by using the function Time().

Entries using the function keys

Mathematical operators and brackets can be easily inserted in the formula
with the corresponding buttons. A space is inserted automatically before
and after the character.

" (e.g. "My

'

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division

Exponentiation

Equal to

Larger than

Smaller than

Unequal

Smaller than
or equal to

Larger than
or equal to

Input via selection

The item selected in the fields

formula with a double-click or

2.4.3 Arithmetic algorithms

Logical AND

Logical OR

Round brackets

Curly brackets e.g. for end point defi­nition (e.g.

Undo last action

Restore last action

Variables or Operators can be entered in the

'DET pH 1.EP{1}.VOL')

.

Number format

The standard IEEE 754 (1985) for binary floating-point arithmetic has been
implemented in the software as "double precision" (64Bit).

Rounding method

Measured values and results are displayed rounded, depending on user
settings. For that purpose, arithmetic rounding is carried out according to a
method known as "Banker's rounding" (rounding towards the nearest even
number). With this method,

are always rounded up. 5 is always rounded towards the even neighbor,

9

1, 2, 3, 4 are always rounded down and 6, 7, 8,

so it is rounded down if the neighbor is even (incl. 0) and rounded up if it is
odd.

Examples

2.33 gets 2.3

2.35 gets 2.4

18 General program functions

Statistics

2.45 gets 2.4

2.47 gets 2.5

2.53 gets 2.5

2.55 gets 2.6

-2.35 gets -2.4

-2.45 gets -2.4

The following formulae are used for calculation of the arithmetic mean value
as well as the absolute and relative standard deviation for results R:

Mean value

Absolute standard
addition

Relative standard addi­tion (in %)

The statistical calculations in the software have been implemented in such
a way that they are as revisable as possible for the user. This is why the in­dividual values used in the statistics are in full precision form.

It is not the number of decimal places which is decisive for the accuracy of
the calculations, but rather the number of significant digits of the decimal
numbers displayed. As a result of the binary 64-bit number format imple­mented on the basis of the IEEE 754 standard, the decimal numbers which
are produced have 15 reliable significant decimal digits.

You can influence the number of significant digits by selecting the unit and
the number of decimal places. As the results unit to be set sometimes con­tains both the prefix "milli" and the physical unit itself, the number of signifi­cant digits is altered accordingly in such a case by three digits.

Examples
The displayed result

1234.56789158763 mg/L has 15 reliable digits. It is to

be rounded to three decimal places according to the rounding method
given above:

1234.568 mg/L (7 significant digits, 3 of which are decimal places)

With the unit "

g/L" the same result 1.23456789158763 g/L is also rounded to

three decimal places:

1.235 g/L (4 significant digits, 3 of which are decimal places)

The number of significant digits has now been reduced by three to four dig­its by omitting the prefix "milli".

Note
The losses of accuracy by rounding described above in the range of the maxi­mum reliable digits are only of theoretical relevance. Most of the time they are

Formula editor 19

lower by several orders of magnitude than – as an example – the uncertainties
resulting from weighing out the sample.

2.4.4 Variables

Overview

Variable types

The following types of variable are differentiated:

Name/Syntax Description

Method variables

'MV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Command variables

'Command name.Variable identifier'

Result variables

'RS.Result name.Variable identifier'

Determination variables

'DV.Variable identifier'

System variables

'SV.Variable identifier'

Common variables

'CV.Variable name.Variable identifiere'

Entering variables

Variables must always be entered enclosed by inverted commas

'MV.MyVariable').

Method variables are variables that are defined in the
command.

START

Command variables are variables that are generated by the
individual commands in the method sequence. The com­mand variables are shown in the order in which the com­mands are carried out in the method sequence.

Result variables are special command variables that are
generated by

CALC commands and are available under their

own name.

Determination variables are general variables and cannot be
assigned to individual commands.

System variables are general variables and cannot be as­signed to individual commands or determinations.

Common variables are method-independent variables that
are accepted from the table in the configuration at the start
of the determination (see Configuration - common vari­ables).

' (e.g.

Note
When using variables it is essential that their data type (

Date/Time

) is taken into account.

Number, Text

or

Method variables

Method variables are variables that are defined in the START command of meth­ods. The data type (
there. These variables can be either sample data variables (

size unit

, Sample position, ID1...ID8, appear in the Run window of the Workplace) or

are assigned values. In the

available for the current method are listed according to their sorted com-

ables

Text, Number, Date/Time) of the variables can also be adapted

Sample size, Sample

Variables field of the Formula editor all the Method vari-

mand name.

Syntax

'MV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'MV.TestDate', 'MV.RestTime.VAL', 'MV.TestValue.OVF'

20 General program functions

In order to avoid syntax errors the method variables can be selected di­rectly in the Formula editor under

Variables/Method variables.

Method variables

Identifier Description Commands

.VAL

.OVF

Result value (facultative, i.e.

'RS.RS01' = 'RS.RS01.VAL') (Text,
Number or Date/Time)

Limit infringement for method vari-

Number: 1 = limit infringed,

able (

START

START

0 = limit not infringed)

In the following lines you will find the method variables (sample data) that are available as standard,
appear in the Sequence window and which can be edited and deleted in the START command of the
corresponding method.

Sample size.VAL

Sample size.OVF

Sample size unit.VAL

Sample size unit.OVF

Sample position.VAL

Sample position.OVF

ID1 (...3).VAL

ID1 (...3).OVF

Value of 'Sample size' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample size'

Number)

(

Value of 'Sample size unit' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample size

Number)

unit' (

Value of 'Sample position' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample posi-

Number)

tion' (

Value of 'ID1...3' (

Limit infringement for 'ID...3' (

)

ber

Number) START

START

Text) START

START

Number) START

START

Text) START

Num-

START

Command variables

The availability of the command variables depends on the commands used in the
methods. Command variables also include solution and sensor variables, which
at the start of the determination are automatically adopted for the device­dependent commands from the corresponding tables in the Configuration and
assigned to the individual commands. In the
all the

Command variables that are available for the current method are listed ac-

cording to their sorted command name.

Syntax

'Command name.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'DET U 3.SME', 'Spur 6.BSY', 'Liquid Handling 4.CONC'

In order to avoid syntax errors the command variables can be selected di­rectly in the Formula editor under

Command variables

Unless otherwise indicated, all the variables listed here in alphabetic order
are of the type

Number.

Note
For variables with index

.EP{3}.ERC

for the third end point).

{x}

the desired number

Variables field of the Formula editor

Variables/Command variables.

1...9

must be entered for x (e.g.

Formula editor 21

Without index specification, the last index is used automatically (e.g.

.EP.ERC

the last end point).

Identifier Description Commands

.BLV

Blank value of the sensor used for the command (for ISE sen­sors only) or the blank value calculated during calibration (for
CAL LOOP Conc)

DET U, MET U,
SET U, STAT U,
MEAS U, MEAS
Conc, CAL LOOP
Conc, DOS U

.BP{#}.DME

.BP{#}.ERC

.BP{#}.MEA

.BP{#}.TEM

Difference in measured values for break point # (1...9) MET

ERC or 1st derivative for break point # (1...9) DET

Measured value for break point # (1...9) in the units of the
measured value

DET, MET, MEAS
(without T/Flow)

Temperature for break point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET, MEAS

(without T/Flow)

.BP{#}.TIM

Time for break point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, MEAS

(without T/Flow)

.BP{#}.VOL

.BSY

Volume at break point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET

Command status; 1 = BUSY, HOLD or ERROR; 0 =
READY; invalid (variable not present) = Command has never

All except START
and END

been started

.CBY

Command status; 1 = conditioning active, 0 = condition-

SET, KFT, KFC

ing not active

.COK

Command status; 1 = conditioning criterion fulfilled, 0 =

SET, KFT, KFC

conditioning criterion not fulfilled

.CONC

Concentration of the solution used for the command DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, ADD,
DOS, LQH,
STDADD

.CYL

Cylinder volume of the exchange or dosing unit used for the
command

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, STAT,
STDADD dos,
STDADD auto,
ADD, DOS, LQH,
PREP, EMPTY

.DBL

Total duration for processing the command in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS, CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

.DRI

.DSC

Current or last drift for drift correction in µL/min SET, KFT, KFC

Duration for processing all start conditions in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT

.DTI

Time for the drift correction (time from start of titration until end

SET, KFT, KFC

of command) in s

.EGF

Last measured gas flow (measured value after processing the

MEAS T/FLow

command) in mL/min

.EME

Final measured value (measured value after processing the
command) in the units of the measured value

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS, CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

for

22 General program functions

Identifier Description Commands

.ENP

Electrode zero point of the sensor used for the command (di­mensionless for pH sensor or in mV for ISE sensor) or the elec­trode zero point calculated from the calibration (for CAL LOOP)

DET pH, DET U,
MET pH, MET U,
SET pH, SET U,
STAT, MEAS pH,
MEAS U, MEAS T,
MEAS Conc,
STDADD, CAL
LOOP, DOS

.EP{#}.DME

.EP.DVT

.EP{#}.ERC

.EP{#}.MEA

.EP{#}.MEP

Difference in measured values for end point # (1...9) MET

Drift for end point in µg/min KFC

ERC for the end point # (1...9) DET

Measured value for the end point # (1...9) in the units of the
measured value

Number of end points in the window # (1...9); 1 = 1 end
point, 2 = 2 or more end points, 3 = EP corrected with

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC

DET, MET, SET,
KFT

auto drift, 4 = EP corrected with manual drift

.EP.QTY

.EP{#}.TEM

Measured value (water) for end point in µg KFC

Temperature for end point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET. SET,

KFT

.EP{#}.TIM

Time for reaching end point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC

.EP{#}.VOL

Volume for end point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET, SET,

KFT

.ETE

Final temperature (temperature after processing the com­mand) in °C

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS (without
T/Flow), CAL
MEAS, STDADD,
DOS

.EVT

.FIN

Final volume (total volume added at the end of the command)
in mL

Command status; 1 = command has been finished at least
once, 0, invalid (variable not present) = command has

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, STAT, DOS

All except START
and END

never been finished

.FP{#}.DME

.FP{#}.DVT

.FP{#}.ERC

.FP{#}.MEA

Difference in measured values for fixed end point # (1...9) MET

Drift for fixed end point # (1...9) in µg/min KFC

ERC for fixed end point # (1...9) DET

Measured value for fixed end point # (1...9) in mV DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT

.FP{#}.MEA

.FP{#}.QTY

.FP{#}.TEM

Measured value for fixed end point # (1...9) in the units of the
measured value

KFC, MEAS (with­out T/Flow)

Measured value (water) for fixed end point # (1...9) in µg KFC

Temperature for fixed end point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS
(without T/Flow)

Formula editor 23

Identifier Description Commands

.FP{#}.TIM

Time for reaching fixed end point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS (without
T/Flow)

.FP{#}.VOL

Volume for fixed end point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT

.GP.VOL

.GP.MEA

Volume for Gran end point in mL DET, MET

Measured value for Gran end point in the units of the meas-

DET, MET

ured value

.GP.TEM

.GP.TIM

.HP{#}.MEA

Temperature for Gran end point in °C DET, MET

Time for Gran end point in s DET, MET

Measured value for HNP # (1...9) in mV (HNP = half-

DET, MET

neutralization potential)

.HP{#}.TEM

.HP{#}.TIM

.HP{#}.VOL

.IGF

Temperature for HNP # (1...9) in °C DET, MET

Time for reaching HNP # (1...9) in s DET, MET

Volume for HNP # (1...9) in mL DET, MET

Initial gas flow (measured value at start of command) in

MEAS T/Flow

mL/min

.IME

Initial measured value (measured value before processing the
start condition) in the units of the measured value

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, STAT, MEAS,
CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

.ITE

Initial temperature (temperature before processing the start
conditions) in °C

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, STAT, MEAS
(without T/Flow),
CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

.LCO

Loop counter = current number of completed loops both for

LOOP, CAL LOOP

Repeat and While loops

.LP.CAx

Calculated value x (1...3) for the last measuring point DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS, DOS

.LP.CHA

.LP.DME

.LP.DVT

.LP.ERC

.LP.EXx

Charge for last measuring point in mA·s KFC

Difference in measured values for last measuring point MET

dV/dt for the last measuring point (SET, KFT, STAT, DOS) or
drift for last measuring point in µg/min (KFC)

SET, KFT, KFC,
STAT, DOS

ERC for last measuring point DET

External value x (1...3) for last measuring point DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS, DOS

.LP.GFL

.LP.IGE

.LP.MEA

Gas flow value for last measuring point in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Current pulse current for last measuring point in mA KFC

Measured value for last measuring point in the units of the
measured value

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS, CAL MEAS,
DOS

24 General program functions

Identifier Description Commands

.LP.QTY

.LP.TEM

Measured value (water) for last measuring point in µg KFC

Temperature for last measuring point in °C DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS,
CAL MEAS, DOS

.LP.TIM

Time for reaching last measuring point in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS, CAL MEAS,
DOS

.LP.UGE

Potential at generator electrode for last measuring point; 0 =

KFC

not defined, 1 = <14 V, 2 = 14...28 V, 3 = >28 V

.LP.VOL

Volume for last measuring point in mL DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, DOS

.LPO

.LST

.MA.GFL

.MA.MEA

Current absolute lift position in mm (entry at end of command) LIFT

Start time of loop command (

Date/Time) LOOP, CAL LOOP

Maximum gas flow in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Maximum measured value in the units of the measured value DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS

.MA.TEM

Temperature for maximum measured value in °C DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS

.MA.TIM

Time for reaching the maximum measured value in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS

.MA.VOL

Volume for maximum measured value in mL DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT

.MI.GFL

.MI.MEA

Minimum gas flow in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Minimum measured value in the units of the measured value DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS

.MI.TEM

Temperature for minimum measured value in °C DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS

.MI.TIM

Time for minimum measured value in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS

.MI.VOL

Volume for minimum measured value in mL DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT

.MR.MRC

.MR.MRS

Correlation coefficient for mean dosing rate for whole range STAT, DOS

Standard deviation für mean dosing rate for whole range in

STAT, DOS

mL/min

.MR.MRT

.MTE

Mean dosing rate for whole range in mL/min STAT, DOS

Temperature measurement with sensor; 1 = on, 0 = off) DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT, MEAS
(without T/Flow),
CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

.NMP

Number of measuring points in list of measuring points DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, STAT,
MEAS, CAL MEAS,
DOS

.RAN

Current absolute shift angle of the rack in ° referred to the axis

MOVE

of the selected tower (entry at end of command)

Formula editor 25

Identifier Description Commands

.RE{x}.DRC

.RE{x}.DRS

Correlation coefficient for mean dosing rate in window x (1...9) STAT

Standard deviation for mean dosing rate in window x (1...9) in

STAT

mL/min

.RE{x}.DRT

.RE{x}.RWL

.RE{x}.RWH

.RES

.RPO

Mean dosing rate in window x (1...9) in mL/min STAT

Lower limit of evaluation window x (1...9) in s STAT

Upper limit of evaluation window x (1...9) in s STAT

Calculated result for standard addition in selected unit STDADD

Current rack position (entry at end of command); 0 means 'not

MOVE

defined'

.SAN

Current absolute swing angle of the swing head in ° (entry at

MOVE, SWING

end of command)

.SLO

Electrode slope of the sensor used for the command (in % for
pH sensor or mV for ISE sensor) or the electrode slope calcu­lated from the calibration (for STDADD and CAL LOOP)

DET pH, DET U,
MET pH, MET U,
SET pH, SET U,
STAT, MEAS pH,
MEAS U, MEAS T,
MEAS Conc,
STDADD, CAL
LOOP, DOS

.SME

.SPO

Starting measured value (measured value after processing the
start conditions) in the units of the measured value

Current external position (entry at end of command); 0 means

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC, STAT

SWING

invalid position

.STE

.STY

Start temperature (temperature after processing the start con­ditions) in °C

Stop type with which the command has been stopped: 1 =
normal;0 = manual or after error

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC, STAT

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, STAT, MEAS,
CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

.SVA

.SVM

Start volume absolute (volume added in accordance with the
start condition "Start volume") in mL

Start volume measured value (volume added in accordance

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, STAT

DET, MET

with the start condition "Start measured value") in mL

.SVS

Start volume measured value (volume added in accordance

DET, MET

with the start condition "Start slope") in mL

.SVT

.TITER

Start volume total (volume added in accordance with all three
start conditions) in mL

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, STAT

Titer value for the solution used for the command DET, MET, SET,

KFT, STAT,
STDADD dos,
STDADD auto,
ADD, DOS, LQH

.TOU

.VAR

Timeout status: 1 = max. delay period elapsed; 0 = max.
delay period not elapsed

Variance of the calculated standard addition result in selected

RECEIVE, TRANS­FER; SCAN

STDADD

unit

.VOL

Added volume STDADD, ADD,

DOS, LQH

26 General program functions

Result variables

Result variables are special command variables that are generated by CALC com-

. In the Variables field of the Formula editor all the Results that are available

mands

for the current method are listed according to their result name.

Syntax

'RS.Result name.Variable identifier'

Examples:
In order to avoid syntax errors the result variables can be selected directly

in the Formula editor under

Result variables

Unless otherwise indicated, all the variables listed here in alphabetic order are of
the type

Number.

Identifier Description Command

.VAL

.ASD

.MNV

.NSR

.NST

.OVF

Result value, facultative, i.e.

Absolute standard deviation for the result CALC

Mean value of the result CALC

Statistics current counter for the result CALC

Statistics set counter for the result CALC

Limit infringement for result; 1 = limit infringed, 0 = limit not in-
fringed

.RSD

.STS

.UNI

Relative standard deviation for result CALC

Statistics status for result; 1 = statistics on, 0 = statistics off CALC

Result unit (

Text) CALC

'RS.RS01.VAL' (='RS.RS01'), 'RS.TestTime.UNI'

Variables/Results.

'RS.RS01' = 'RS.RS01.VAL' CALC

CALC

Determination variables

Determination variables are variables which are assigned generally and not to in­dividual commands that are generated in the method sequence. In the
field of the Formula editor all the
method are listed according to their sorted name.

Syntax

Determination variables

Identifier Description

.DUR

.STT

Duration of the determination in s (

Time at which the determination was started (

Variables

Determination variables available for the current

'DV.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'DV.DUR', 'DV.STT'

In order to avoid syntax errors the determination variables can be selected
directly in the Formula editor under

Number)

Variables/Determination variables.

Time/Date)

Formula editor 27

System variables

System variables are general variables that are not assigned to individual com­mands or determinations that are accepted for the determination at the start of the
determination. In the
that are available for the current method are listed.

Syntax

System variables

Identifier Description

.ACC

.ACE

.FUN

.REM

.RUN

.SEN

.SIN

.SLI

.STA

.STC

.USN

.ORG

.STO

Autostart current counter (

Autostart set counter (

Full name of logged-in user (

Remarks (

Text)

Sample number (

Indicates whether the end of the sample table has been reached; 1 = yes, 0 = no

Number)

(

Indicates whether the determination was started as a single determination or within a
series; 1 = single determination, 0 = series determination (

Sample table current line (

Indicates whether statistics are switched on; 1 = yes, 0 = no (

Start counter (

Short name of logged-in user (

Method sequence: 1 = original determination, 0 = reprocessed (

Indicates whether the determination was stopped (manual stop, stop via a SEND
command, emergency stop); 1 = stopped, 0 = terminated normally (

Variables field of the Formula editor all the System variables

'SV.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'SV.SIN', 'SV.SLI'

In order to avoid syntax errors the system variables can be selected directly
in the Formula editor under

Number)

Number)

Text)

Number)

Number)

Number)

Text)

Variables/System variables.

Number)

Number)

Number)

Number)

Common variables

Common variables are global variables that are loaded from the corresponding
Table in the configuration at the start of the determination. In this table the com­mon variables can be defined. In the

Common variables that are available are listed according to their sorted variable

Variables field of the Formula editor all the

name.

Syntax

'CV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'CV.TestDate', 'CV.TestTime.VAL', 'CV.MeanTemp.UNI'

In order to avoid syntax errors the common variables can be selected di­rectly in the Formula editor under

Variables/Common Variables.

28 General program functions

Common variables

Identifier Description

.VAL

.UNI

Value of the common variable (facultative, i.e.

Date/Time)

Unit of the common variable (

Text)

2.4.5 Operators/Functions

Overview of operators and functions

Operators Functions Miscellaneous

'CV.Test.VAL' = 'CV.Test') (Text, Number or

Arithmetic:

Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
Potentiation (^)

Logic:

AND
OR

Compare:

Equal (=)
Larger than (>)
Larger than/equal

to (>=)
Smaller than (<)
Smaller than/equal

to (<=)
Unequal (<>)

Arithmetic:

Exponential function (Exp)
Natural logarithm (Ln)
Common logarithm (Log)
Square root (Sqrt)
Absolute value (Abs)
Fraction (Frac)
Integer (Int)
Round integer (Round)
Sign (sign)

Date/Time:

Time()
Time(Date)
Time(Date + Time)

Type conversion:

Number to text (NumberToText)
Number to time (NumberToTime)
Text to number (TextToNumber)
Text to time (TextToTime)
Time to number (TimeToNumber)
Time to text (TimeToText)

Text:

TextPosition
SubText
Trim

Error
Case

Formula editor 29

Rules of priority for operators

The operators are processed in the sequence in which they are listed in the follow­ing table. It may be necessary to set operands in brackets to get the desired se­quence.

Operators

Arithmetic

^

*, /

+, -

Compare <, <=, >, >=

Logic AND, OR

Operators - Arithmetic

Addition

Syntax

Operand1 + Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Examples

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Both operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

1.2 + 3 = 4.2

"Metrohm" + "AG" = "Metrohm
AG"

-

If the maximum permitted length
(65'536 characters) of the charac­ter string is exceeded by the addi­tion of the operands then the ex­cess characters will be cut off by

nd

the 2

operand.

Time Time Time

Time(1998;04;06) +
Time(1964;02;03) = 59300.875

(for UTC+1)

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

1.2 + "Metrohm" =
"1.2Metrohm"

"Metrohm" + 1.2 =
"Metrohm1.2"

2.0 + Time(1999;11;7) =

36472.96

(for UTC+1)

-

-

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

30 General program functions

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) + 2.0 =

36441.92

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" + Time(1999;10;7)
= "Metrohm1999-10-07
00:00:00 UTC+2"

Time(1999;01;7) + "Metrohm"
= "1999-01-07 00:00:00
UTC+1Metrohm"

Before the operation an operand of
type

Date/Time is converted to

Text.

In this case the same rules apply
as for the previous operation.

Subtraction

Syntax

Operand1 - Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Both operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Number

1.2 - 3 = -1.8

"Metrohm" - "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;01;06) ­Time(1964;12;03) = 12'087.00

(for UTC+1)

-

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

1.2 - "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" - 1.2 = invalid

2.0 - Time(1999;10;7) = ­36'437.917

(for UTC+2)

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) - 2.5 =
36'437.917

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" - Time(1999;10;7)
= invalid

Time(1999;10;7) - "Metrohm"
= invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Formula editor 31

Multiplication

Syntax

Operand1 * Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Number

1.2 * 3 = 3.6

"Metrohm" * "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;05;06) *
Time(1902;02;03) =

27'478'004.545

(for UTC+1

or +2 for Summer time)

-

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

2 * "Metrohm" = "Metrohm­Metrohm"

"Metrohm" * 2 = "Metrohm­Metrohm"

2.0 * Time(1999;10;7) =
72'879.833

(for UTC+2)

-

-

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) * 2.0 =
72'879.833

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" * Time(1999;10;7)
= invalid

Time(1999;10;7) * "Metrohm"
= invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

32 General program functions

Division

Syntax

Operand1 / Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Time

1.2 / 3 = 0.4

"Metrohm" / "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;04;06) /
Time(1964;02;03) = 1.533

(for
UTC+1 or +2 for Summer
time)

Operand2 must not be zero!

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

1.2 / "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" / 1.2 = ungültig

10'000 / Time(1999;10;7) =

0.274

(for UTC+2)

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;02;17) / 10'000 =

3.621

(for UTC+1)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" / Time(1999;10;7)
= invalid

Time(1999;10;7) / "Metrohm"
= invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Formula editor 33

Potentiation

Syntax

Operand1 ^ Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

1.2 ^ 3 = 1.728

Complex results (of the type: a+bi,
i.e. made up from a real and an
imaginary component) are shown as
an error.

Text Text Text

Time Time Time

"Metrohm" ^ "AG" = invalid

Time(1900;01;05) ^
Time(1900;01;02) = 196.371

(for UTC+1)

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calculated
since December 1899, dependent
on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

1.2 ^ "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" ^ 1.2 = invalid

1.2 ^ Time(1900;02;03) =

586.198

Time(1999;10;7) ^ 2.5 =

253479847878.04

(for UTC+1)

(for

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

-

-

UTC+2)

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" ^ Time(1999;10;7)
= invalid

Time(1999;10;7) ^ "Metrohm"
= invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

34 General program functions

Operators - Logic

AND

Syntax

Operand1 AND Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Operand1 Operand2 Result

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false). The following cases are possible:

1 1 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
0 0 0

5 AND 4 --> 1
4 AND 0 --> 0

"Metrohm" AND "AG" --> 1
"" AND "AG" --> 0

Numbers larger than 0 are inter­preted as

1 (true).

An empty character string (
interpreted as
else as

0 (false), everything

1 (true). This means that the

first operation corresponds to

Time(1999;10;07) AND
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

1 --> 1.
Time(): see function Time(Date)

"") is

1 AND

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text Number Number

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

1.2 AND "1.2" --> 1
0 AND "1" --> 1
0 AND "0" --> 1
0 AND "" --> 0

"Metrohm" AND 1.2 --> 1

2.0 AND Time(1999;10;7) -->
1

0 AND Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Time(1999;10;7) AND 2.5 -->
1

"Metrohm" AND
Time(1999;10;7) --> 1

"" AND Time(1999;10;07) -->

Before the operation an operand of
the type
type

Text to Number makes no sense.

This means that in the 2
the 0 is converted to
responds to the logical value

Number is converted to the

Text, as the conversion from

nd

operation

"0", which cor-

1 (true)

as every non-empty character string
is interpreted as 1.

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Before the operation an operand of
the type
the type
December 1899 are interpreted as

Date/Time is converted to
Number; all dates from 30

1

(true).

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Before the operation is carried out
an operand of the type

Date/Time is

Formula editor 35

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

0

converted to the type

Text and each

non-empty character string is inter-

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) AND
"Metrohm" --> 1

preted as
The same rules apply here as for the

previous operation.

1 (true).

OR

Syntax

Operand1 OR Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false). The following cases are possible:

Operand1 Operand2 Result

1 1 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
0 0 0

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 OR 4 --> 1
4 OR 0 --> 0

"Metrohm" OR "AG" --> 1
"" OR "Metrohm" --> 1
"" OR "" --> 0

Numbers larger than 1 are auto­matically interpreted as 1 (true).

An empty character string (
interpreted as
else as

0 (false), everything

1 (true). This means that the

"") is

first operation corresponds to 1 OR
1 --> 1

Time Time Number

Time(1999;10;07) OR
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Number

1.2 OR "1.2" --> 1
0 OR "" --> 1

Before the operation an operand of
the type
type

Text to Number makes no sense.

This means that in the 2
the 0 is converted to
responds to the logical value

Number is converted to the

Text, as the conversion from

nd

operation

"0", which cor-

1 (true)

as every non-empty character string
is interpreted as 1.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" OR 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

36 General program functions

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Number Time Number

2.0 OR Time(1999;10;7) --> 1
0 OR Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Before the operation an operand of
the type
the type

Date/Time is converted to
Number; all dates from 30

December 1899 are interpreted as
(true).

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) OR 2.5 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" OR
Time(1999;10;7) --> 1

Before the operation an operand of
the type
the type

Date/Time is converted to
Text and each non-empty

character string is interpreted as 1
(true).

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) OR
"Metrohm" --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Operators - Compare

1

Equal

Syntax

Operand1 = Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 = 5 --> 1
4 = 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" = "AG" --> 0
"aG" = "AG" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two text
the ASCII values (see ASCII table) of
the character strings are compared.
Note: upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) =
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 = "1.2" --> 1

1.2 = "Metrohm" --> 0

Before the comparative operation
the

Number is converted to Text and

then the texts are compared accord­ing to the ASCII table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" = 1.2 --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Formula editor 37

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Number Time Number

2.0 = Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the comparative operation

Date/Time is converted to Num-

the

. When the operation is carried

ber

out the exact value obtained after
this conversion is always used, even
when only a maximum of 5 decimal
places can be shown (for details
please refer to Type conversion
"TimeToNumber", Note).

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) = 2.0 --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" =
Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the operation an operand of
type

Date/Time is converted to Text

(i.e.:

"1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"),

then the texts are compared accord­ing to the ASCII table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;07) =
"Metrohm" --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Larger than

Syntax

Operand1 > Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 > 4 --> 1
4 > 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" > "AG" --> 1
"Aarau" > "Zug" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two texts
the ASCII values (see ASCII table) of
the character strings are compared.
Note: upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) >
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 > "Metrohm" --> 0

1.23 > "1.2" --> 1

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then

the texts are compared according to
the ASCII table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" > 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

38 General program functions

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Number Time Number

2.0 > Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the comparison the
is converted to a Number (see Type
conversion "TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;07) > 2.0 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" >
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Before the operation an operand of
type

Date/Time is converted to Text

(i.e.:

"1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2")

and then the texts are compared
according to the ASCII table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) >
"Metrohm" --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Larger than or equal to

Syntax

Operand1 >= Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Date/Time

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 >= 4 --> 1
4 >= 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" >= "AG" --> 1

-

In a comparison between two texts
the ASCII values (see ASCII table) of
the character strings are compared.
Note: upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) >=
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 >= "1.2" --> 1

1.2 >= "Metrohm" --> 0

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then

the texts are compared according to
the ASCII table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" >= 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 >= Time(1999;10;07) -->
0

Before the comparison the
is converted to a Number (see Type
conversion "TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;07) >= 2.0 -->
1

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Date/Time

Formula editor 39

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" >=
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Before the operation an operand of
type

Date/Time is converted to Text

(i.e.:

"1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2")

and then the texts are compared
according to the ASCII table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) >=
"Metrohm" --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Smaller than

Syntax

Operand1 < Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

5 < 4 --> 0
4 < 5 --> 1

"Metrohm" < "AG" --> 0

Time(1998;04;06) <
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text Number Number

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time Text Number

1.2 < "Metrohm" --> 1

1.2 < "1" --> 0

"Metrohm" < 1.2 --> 0

2.0 < Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Time(1999;10;07) < 2.0 --> 0

"Metrohm" <
Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Time(1999;10;7) <
"Metrohm" --> 1

-

In a comparison between two texts
the ASCII values (see ASCII table) of
the character strings are compared.
Note: upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then

the texts are compared according to
the ASCII table.

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Before the comparison the

Date/Time

is converted to a Number (see Type
conversion "TimeToNumber").

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Before the operation an operand of
type

Date/Time is converted to Text

(i.e.:

"1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2")

and then the texts are compared
according to the ASCII table.

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

40 General program functions

Smaller than or equal to

Syntax

Operand1 <= Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 <= 4 --> 0
4 <= 5 --> 1

"Metrohm" <= "AG" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two texts
the ASCII values (see ASCII table) of
the character strings are compared.
Note: upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) <=
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text Number Number

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time Text Number

2 <= "1.2" --> 0

1.2 <= "Metrohm" --> 1

"Metrohm" <= 1.2 --> 0

2.0 <= Time(1999;10;07) -->
1

Time(1999;10;07) <= 2.0 -->
0

"Metrohm" <=
Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Time(1999;10;7) <=
"Metrohm" --> 1

Number is converted to Text and then

the texts are compared according to
the ASCII table.

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Before the comparative operation the

Before the comparison the

Date/Time

is converted to a Number (see Type
conversion "TimeToNumber").

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Before the operation an operand of
type

Date/Time is converted to Text

(i.e.:

"1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2")

and then the texts are compared
according to the ASCII table.

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Formula editor 41

Unequal

Syntax

Operand1 <> Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

5 <> 4 --> 1
5 <> 5 --> 0

In a comparison between two texts
the ASCII values (see ASCII table) of
the character strings are compared.
Note: upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

"Metrohm" <> "AG" --> 1

Time(1998;04;06) <>
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

dfg

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text Number Number

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time Text Number

1.2 <> "1.2" --> 0

1.2 <> "Metrohm" --> 1

"Metrohm" <> 1.2 --> 1

2.0 <> Time(1999;10;07) -->
1

Time(1999;10;07) <> 2.5 -->
1

"Metrohm" <>
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Time(1999;10;7) <>
"Metrohm" --> 1

Number is converted to Text and then

the texts are compared according to
the ASCII table.

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Before the comparative operation the

Before the comparison the

Date/Time

is converted to a Number (see Type
conversion "TimeToNumber").

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

Before the operation an operand of
type Date/Time is converted to Text
(i.e.:

"1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2")

and then the texts are compared
according to the ASCII table.

The same rules apply here as for the
previous operation.

42 General program functions

Functions - Arithmetic

Exponential function

Syntax

y = exp(number)

Calculates e ^
exponential (e = 2.71828...).

Number. Another way of writing y = e

(number)

, where e is the

Parameter

Number Exponent

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Exp(1.5) = 4.48169
Exp('CV.MeanTemp') = potential of the exponent (Common variable) based

on e

Natural logarithm

Syntax

y = ln(number)

Returns the logarithm of the entered number based on e. Another way of
writing y = log

Parameter

Number >0

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

(Number), where e is the exponential (e = 2.71828...).

e

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Examples

Ln(3) = 1.09861
Ln('CV.MeanTemp') = natural logarithm of the value of the Common variable

based on e

Common logarithm

Syntax

y = log(number)

Gives the logarithm of the entered number to the base 10. Another way of

Parameter

writing y = log

Number > 0

(number).

10

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

Formula editor 43

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Log(10) = 1
Log('CV.MeanTemp') = common logarithm of the value of the Common vari-

able

Square root

Syntax

y = sqrt(Number)

Returns the square root of the entered number. Another way of writing y =

√

Number or y =

2

√Number.

invalid" will be returned as the

Parameter

Number >=0

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Sqrt(33) = 5.745
Sqrt('CV.MeanTemp') = square root of the value of the Common variable

Absolute value

Syntax

y = Abs(number)

Returns the absolute value of the entered number, i.e. the value of the
number irrespective of its sign.

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of type
then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion "TextTo­Number"). If this is not possible then "
this operation.

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected type

invalid" will be returned as the result of

Examples

Abs(-55.3) = 55.3
Abs('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable without sign

Fraction

Syntax

y = Frac(number)

Returns the fractional part of the entered number.

44 General program functions

Note
In the Result properties under Definition it is essential that the number of

places

shown.

Parameter

Examples

Integer

Syntax

Decimal

of the result is entered, as otherwise the decimal fraction cannot be

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Frac(-55.325) =0.325
Frac('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable without sign

y = Int(Number)

Returns the integer of the entered number.

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Int(-55.325) = -55
Int('CV.MeanTemp') = integer part of the value of the Common variable

Round integer

Syntax

y = Round(Number)

Returns the rounded value of the entered number as a whole number.

Note
If the value to be rounded lies exactly between two whole numbers then it will be
rounded to the next whole even number: 1.5 -> 2, 4.5 -> 4, 0.5 -> 0

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Formula editor 45

Examples

Sign

Syntax

Round(-55.5259) = -56
Round('CV.MeanTemp') = rounded value of the Common variable

y = Sign(Number)

Returns the sign of the entered number:

1 for a positive number, -1 for a

negative number.

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Sign(-55.3) = -1
Sign(26.115) = 1

Sign('CV.MeanTemp') = sign of the value of the Common variable

Functions - Date/Time

Time()

Syntax

y = Time()

Returns the current date and current time.

invalid" will be returned as the

Parameter

none

Return value

Current date and current time in the format

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Time(Date)

Syntax

y = Time(year; month; day)

Returns the entered numbers in the format

Date/Time.

46 General program functions

Parameter

Note
Only the whole number part will be used for all parameters.

A variable of the type

In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, e.g. a comparative operation will be carried out with
the exact value!

Return value

year
month
day

00...99 or 1000...9999

1...12

1...31

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Date/Time

Date/Time in the format

cannot be transferred as a parameter here.

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Examples

Time(2004;02;02) = 2004-02-02 00:00:00 UTC +1 (depends on the system

time)

Time('CV.Testyear';'CV.Testmonth';'CV.Testday') = date complied from the

Common variables

Time(Date + Time)

Syntax

y = Time(year; month; day; hour; minute; second)

Returns the entered numbers in the format

Parameter

year
month
day
hour
minute
second

Date/Time.

00...99 or 1000...9999

1...12

1...31

0...23

0...59

0...59

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion

Formula editor 47

Note
Only the whole number part will be used for all parameters.

A variable of the type

In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, in e.g. a comparative operation it will be carried out
with the exact value!

Return value

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Date/Time

Date/Time in the format

cannot be transferred as a parameter here.

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

invalid" will be returned as the

Examples

Time(2004;06;02;10;30;25) = 2004-06-02 10:30:25 UTC +2 (depends on the

system time)

Time('CV.Testyear';'CV.Testmonth';'CV.Testday';'CV.TestHour';'CV.TestMin';'CV.T
estSec')

= date complied from the Common variables

Functions - Type conversion

NumberToText

Syntax

y = NumberToText(Number)

Returns the entered number as

Parameter

Examples

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

NumberToText(-55.3) = -55.3
NumberToText('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable as Text

Number.

Text.

NumberToTime

Syntax

y = NumberToTime(Number)

Returns the entered number as

Date/Time, with the number being inter-

preted as the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m.

48 General program functions

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Examples

NumberToTime(35545.526) = 1997-05-25 14:37:26 UTC+2 (depends on the

system time)

NumberToTime(35780.55) = 1997-12-16 14:12:00 UTC+1 (depends on the

system time)

NumberToTime('CV.TestDate') = value of the Common variable as Date/Time

TextToNumber

Syntax

y = TextToNumber(Text)

Returns the entered text as

Number.

Number.

Parameter

Text

The parameter must only contain numerical characters or Variables of the
type
conversion or calculation would be "
by Inverted commas.

Examples

TextToNumber("-55.3") = -55.3
TextToNumber('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable as a Num-

ber
TextToNumber('MV.ID1') = entered text of ID 1 as a Number

TextToTime

Syntax

y = TextToTime(Text;Format)

Returns the entered text as

Parameter

Text

The parameter must only contain numerical characters or Variables of the
type
You can use the following characters as Separators between year, month,
etc.: slash (
and comma. You can determine the Sequence of the individual entries
yourself, but these must be entered in the parameter

Format

Defines in which format or sequence the text must be entered. This pa­rameter must be enclosed with Inverted commas and can be composed
of the following code characters:

Text as otherwise type conversion is not possible. The result of this

invalid". The text must also be enclosed

Date/Time.

Text as otherwise type conversion is not possible (result = "invalid").

/), full stop (.), minus (-), semicolon (;), colon (:), empty space

Format.

Formula editor 49

Note
If you enter the time in the format AM/PM then in addition to the formatting char-
acter h you must us the AM/PM marking a (see first example below).

Examples

Character Meaning

y

M

d

H

h

m

s

a

TextToTime("2004-12-3 5:22:01 PM";"yMdhmsa") = 2004-12-03 17:22:01
UTC+1

(depends on the system time)

TextToTime("12-15-01 2001:3:5";"HmsyMd") = 2001-03-05 12:15:01 UTC+1

Year

Month

Day

Hour 0...23

Stunde AM/PM

Minute

Second

AM/PM marking

(depends on the system time)

TextToTime('CV.TestDate';'CV.TestFormat') = values of the Common vari-

ables in the entered time format

TextToTime('MV.ID1';'CV.TestFormat') = entered text of ID1 in the given time

format

TimeToNumber

Syntax

y = TimeToNumber(Time)

Returns the entered time as

Note
In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, e.g. a comparative operation will be carried out with
the exact value.

Parameter

Time

This parameter can be entered in either the form of a Time function or as a
Variable of the type

Examples

TimeToNumber(Time()) = current date and current time shown as a Number

(in days since December 1899)

TimeToNumber(Time(1999;12;31;23;59;59)) = 36525.95832
TimeToNumber(Time('TestYear';'TestMonth';'TestDay')) = value of the Com-

mon variables as number of days as

Number.

Time.

Number

50 General program functions

TimeToText

Syntax

y = TimeToText(Time)

Returns the entered time as

y = TimeToText(Time;Format)

Returns the entered time as

Text.

Text in the required format.

Parameter

Time

This parameter can be entered in either the form of a Time function or as a
Variable of the type

Date/Time.

Format

Defines in which format or sequence the text must be entered. This pa­rameter must be enclosed with Inverted commas and can be composed
of the following code characters:

Character Meaning Example

y

yyyy

M

MM

MMM

MMMM

d

dd

h

hh

H

HH

m

mm

s

ss

E

EEEE

D

DD

DDD

F

w

ww

W

2-place date in years

4-place date in years

1- or 2-place date in months

2-place date in months

Abbreviated name of month

Month name

1- or 2-place date in days

2-place date in days

1- or 2-place time in hours (1...12 AM/PM)

2-place time in hours (1...12 AM/PM)

1- or 2-place time in hours (0...23)

2-place time in hours (0...23)

1- or 2-place time in minutes

2-place time in minutes

1- or 2-place time in seconds

2-place time in seconds

Abbreviated day of week

Day of week

1- , 2- or 3-place number of day in year

2- or 3-place number of day in year

3-place number of day in year

1-place number of day in month, e.g. the 2nd Monday in May

1- or 2-place number of week in year

2-place number of week in year

1-place number of week in month

03

1999

4, 12

04, 12

Jul, Aug

July, August

2, 25

02, 25

5, 11

05, 11

8, 17

08, 17

2, 25

02, 25

3, 55

03, 55

Mo, Tu, We

Monday, Tuesday

2, 35, 142

02, 35, 142

002, 035, 142

2

5, 25

05, 25

3

Formula editor 51

Character Meaning Example

a

'

''

Format AM/PM

Introductory and terminating characters for entering any text

Enters '

AM, PM

'

Note
If you want to return the time in the format AM/PM then in addition to the format­ting character h you must use the AM/PM marking a.

Examples

TimeToText(Time()) = current date and current time (system) as Text
TimeToText(Time(2004;05;04)) = 2004-05-04 00:00:00 UTC+2 (depends on

the system time)

TimeToText('CV.TestTime') = value of the Common variable (type Time) as
Text

TimeToText(Time(2000;12;31);"EEEE', 'dd'.'MMMM' 'yyyy") = Sunday, 31 De­cember 2000

TimeToText(Time(1997;05;22);"M'/'d'/'yyyy', 'ha") = 5/22/1997, 12PM

Functions - Text

TextPosition

Syntax

y = TextPosition(Text ; Sample text)

Returns the Index that indicates at which position the
curs in the

Parameter

Text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Sample text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time. If the types of the two parameters are not identi-

cal then the type
tions - type conversion). If the
"

invalid" will be returned.

Note
Entries of the type
Example:
verted to 3.0 and this is not contained in the text.

TextPosition("12345";3) = invalid

Sample text first oc-

Text. The numbering of the index starts at 1!

Sample text will always be converted to Text (see Func-

Sample text is not contained in the Text then

Number

are always given with one decimal place.

, as before the operation the 3 is con-

52 General program functions

Examples

SubText

Syntax

Parameter

TextPosition("Citric acid";"acidic") = 9, from the index number 9 the word

"

acidic" occurs in the text

TextPosition("Citric acid";"Acidic") = invalid, the word "Acidic" (with a capital

letter) does not occur in the text

TextPosition("Citric acid";"salt") = invalid, the word "salt" does not occur in

the text

TextPosition(Time(2004;05;05);"5") = 7
TextPosition(3362.14;"6") = 3

TextPosition('MV.ID2';"Carbonate") = index, in which the word part "Carbon-

" first starts in ID2

ate

y = SubText(Text ; Position ; Length)

Returns that text part from
length

Length.

Text

Text that starts at the index Position and has the

The parameter can either be entered directly as text or as a Variable of
the type

Text. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected type

then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion "Number­ToText" or "TimeToText"). If this type conversion is not possible then the re­sult of this operation will be returned as "

invalid".

Position

The numbering of the
tered directly as a number or as a Variable of the type

Position starts at 1. The parameter can either be en-

Number . If the pa-

rameter does not correspond to the expected type then it will be automati­cally converted to it (see Type conversion "TextToNumber"). If the type con­version is not possible or if the position does not exist then the result of this
operation will be returned as "

invalid".

Length

The parameter can either be entered directly as number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If the type conversion is not possible or if the length given
here is longer than the length of the subtext then "

invalid" will be returned

Examples

SubText("Citric acid";9;5) = acidic
SubText("Citric acid";9;6) = invalid, from the position 9 only five characters

are present

SubText('MV.ID2';1;3) = the first three characters of the identification 2

Formula editor 53

Trim

Syntax

Parameter

Note
Entries of the type
Example:
verted to 3.0 and this is not contained in the text.

y = Trim(Text)

Returns the

Text without any empty spaces in front of it or behind it.

y = Trim(Text ; Sample text)

Returns the

Text

Text without Sample text.

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Sample text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time. If the types of the two parameters are not identi-

cal then the type

Sample text will always be converted to the type Text (see

Functions - Type conversion).

Number

TextPosition("12345";3) = invalid

are always given with one decimal place.

, as before the operation the 3 is con-

Examples

Trim(" Citric acid ") = "Citric acid"
Trim("Citric acid";"acid") = lemons
Trim("Citric acid";"salt") = Citric acid

Miscellaneous functions

Case

Syntax

y = Case(condition ; Value_true ; Value_false)
y = Case(condition ; Value_true ; Value_false ; Value_error)

Returns
turned. If an error occurs in the condition (Result "
will be returned.

Parameters

Condition Number

Any Variable (type
eration can be carried out whose operators are either adopted directly or
transferred as a Variable. This could be of the type

Date/Time (Time()).

Value_true

If the Condition <> 0 then this parameter will be saved as the result of the
function.

Value_true if the condition is true. Otherwise Value_false will be re-

number) can be entered here, or a Compare or logic op-

invalid") then Value_error

Text, Number or

54 General program functions

Examples

This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type
can also be transferred here.

Value_false

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

If the Condition = 0 then this parameter will be saved as the result of the
function.
This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type
can also be transferred here.

Value_error

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

If the Condition = invalid then this parameter will be saved as the result of
the function.
This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

can also be transferred here.

Case('MV.ID1' = "";"ID1 empty";"ID1 not empty") = if in the Run window no

entry has been made for ID1 then in the result the text "
pear, otherwise "

ID1 not empty" will be saved.

ID1 empty" will ap-

Case( 'DET pH 1.EP{1}.VOL';'DET pH 1.EP{1}.VOL';0;0) = if in the titration DET
pH 1

an endpoint has been found for which the volume is not 0 (Value_true)
then this will be saved as the result. If EP1 is at 0 exactly then
turned. If no endpoint has been found then

0 will also be saved as the result

0 will be re-

of this function.

Case('RS.InterRes' > 5.5;"Intermediate result too high";'RS.InterRes' *

26.5;"error occurred")

text "

Intermediate result too high " will be written in the result, otherwise the

= if the the result "InterRes" is larger than 5.5 then the

intermediate result will be multiplied by 26.5. If in the comparison
(

'RS.InterRes' > 5.5) an error occurs then "Error occurred" will be saved as the

result of this operation.

Error

Syntax

y = Error(value)

Returns

+1 if Value invalid (error) or 0 if Value valid. This function can be

used, for example, to check whether variables exist or if they are valid.

Parameters

Value

The variable to be tested.

Examples

Error('RS.InterRes') = 0: the intermediate result could be calculated.
Error('RS.InterRes') = 1: the intermediate result is invalid.

Error('DET pH 6.EP{1}.MEA') = 0: the variable for the measured value at

Endpoint 1 exists.

Error('DET pH 6.EP{1}.MEA') = 1, no variable exists for the measured value or

no EP is present.

Formula editor 55

ASCII table

Only characters that can be printed out are shown in the following table:

ASCII

value
(dec)

Character ASCII

value
(dec)

32 Blank character 64 'At' sign (@) 96 Accent grave (`)
33 Exclamation mark

(!)

34 Inverted commas

(")
35 Lozenge (#) 67 C 99 c
36 Dollar ($) 68 D 100 d
37 Percent (%) 69 E 101 e
38 Ampersand "and"

(&)
39 Inverted comma (') 71 G 103 g
40 Open round brack-

ets (()
41 Close round brack-

ets ())
42 Multiplication sign

(*)
43 Addition sign (+) 75 K 107 k
44 Apostrophe (´) 76 L 108 l
45 Subtraction sign (-) 77 M 109 m
46 Full stop (.) 78 N 110 n
47 Slash (/) 79 O 111 o
48 0 80 P 112 p
49 1 81 Q 113 q
50 2 82 R 114 r
51 3 83 S 115 s
52 4 84 T 116 t
53 5 85 U 117 u
54 6 86 V 118 v
55 7 87 W 119 w
56 8 88 X 120 x
57 9 89 Y 121 y
58 Colon (:) 90 Z 122 z
59 Semicolon (;) 91 Open square

60 Smaller than (<) 92 Backslash (\) 124 Vertical line (¦)
61 Equals (=) 93 Close square

62 Larger than (>) 94 Circumflex (^) 126 Tilde (~)
63 Question mark (?) 95 Underscore (_)

Character ASCII

value
(dec)

65 A 97 a

66 B 98 b

70 F 102 f

72 H 104 h

73 I 105 i

74 J 106 j

bracket ([)

bracket (])

Character

123 Open curly

bracket ({)

125 Close curly

bracket (})

56 General program functions

2.5 Edit

2.5.1 Text editor

The text editor is used for entering formatted text in text fields and is opened with

the button

.

The symbol bar of the text editor contains the following functions:

Cuts selected text and copies it to the clipboard.

Copies selected text to the clipboard.

Pastes text from clipboard.

Opens the Formula editor for entering calculation formulas.

Note
In order that the results of formulas of the type
must be converted to

Text

in the text window with the function TimeToText().

Date

are shown correctly they

Font size in pt.

Selects the text color.

Bold.

Italic.

Underlined.

Edit 57

Justified left.

Centered.

Justified right.

2.5.2 Select date

In order to be able to enter a date in a field the dialog window Select date must be

used; this is opened with the button

.

Selects the month

Selects the year

Selects the day

Selected date

58 General program functions

2.6 Manual control

2.6.1 General

Open

Manual control of devices is carried out in the independent dialog window

control

determination is running) with
of the window contains the usual Windows buttons for closing, diminishing, maxi­mizing and minimizing.

Close

The dialog window
ton for closing.

Subwindows

The dialog window
can be enlarged and diminished by dragging the separating bar between the win­dows:

which can be called up from all program parts at any time (even while a

Tools, Manual control or the symbol . The title line

Manual control can be closed with [Close] or the Windows but-

Note
Manual control can only be closed when no manually triggered actions are be­ing carried out (exception: stirrer switched on).

Manual control contains the following three subwindows which

Manual

• Select device

• Functions/Parameters

• Graphic function display

Manual control 59

2.6.2 Select device

In the subwindow for device selection the devices (or functional units of the de­vices) can be selected whose functions are to be triggered manually. These are
shown in a tree structure. All the devices configured in the device table with the
status "
device type. The currently selected device is shown with a blue background. De­vices that are still carrying out manually triggered actions are shown in red.

ok" are shown with the device name and (in brackets) the number of the

2.6.3 Functions

In the subwindow for functions/parameters both the functions for manual control
of the selected device as well as their associated parameters can be selected. In
addition the measured values for running actions and messages are shown here.

Depending on the device the following functions are possible:

• Dosing

• Stirring

• Remote functions

• Sample changer functions

2.6.4 Graphic display

In the subwindow for graphic display the manually triggered functions that are
running are shown graphically.

2.6.5 Dosing

If in the Select device subwindow the group Dosing devices or a single Dosing de-

is selected then in the subwindow for Functions/Parameters the functions and

vice

parameters that are possible with these dosing devices will appear.

Dosing functions

Dosing functions for exchange and dosing units are shown on the following regis­ter cards:

• General

• Prepare

• Fill

• Empty

• Add fixed volume

• Dosing

Devices

The dosing functions can be carried out with dosing devices that are built into or
connected to the following instruments :

Titrino: 702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 785, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798,
799

Titrando: 808, 809, 835, 836, 841, 842, 855, 857, 888, 890

Dosing Interface: 846

Sample changer: 814, 815, 855

60 General program functions

General

Information about the selected dosing device, the attached exchange/dosing unit
and the solution it contains is shown here. This tab only appears when a single
dosing device is selected.

Exchange/Dosing unit

Name

Shows the entered name of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit defined under
Configuration. This field always appears for intelligent exchange/dosing
units. With non-intelligent exchange/dosing units it only appears if a solution
has been selected under

Type

Shows the type of exchange/dosing unit attached to the dosing device (EU,

IEU, DU, IDU).

Cylinder volume

Shows the cylinder volume of the exchange/dosing unit attached to the
dosing device.

Solution

Solution

Titrant/Solution, [ not defined ]

Selection from the titrants and solutions listed in the Solution table for non­intelligent exchange/dosing units. For intelligent exchange/dosing units only
the name is shown.

Titer

Shows the titer of the solution in the exchange/dosing unit. This field only
appears for intelligent exchange/dosing units, or if a solution has been se­lected for non-intelligent exchange/dosing units.

Solution.

Manual control 61

Prepare

The preparation of exchange/dosing units can be started and stopped here. This
tab appears for the selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing
devices.

Note
This tab will not be displayed for the internal dosing devices on Titrinos 702,
716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798.

Start preparing the selected dosing device(s). The parameters defined for
the Exchange unit or Dosing unit will be used.

Stop preparing the selected dosing device(s).

62 General program functions

Fill

Filling exchange/dosing units can be started and stopped here. This tab appears
for the selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing devices.

Note
Before filling dosing devices connected to Titrinos, make sure that the exchange
or dosing devices are mounted. If the filiing process is started nevertheless, it
may be that the Titrino does not respond any more and must be switched off
and on again.

Start filling the selected dosing device(s).

Stop filling the selected dosing device(s).

Manual control 63

Empty

Emptying dosing units can be started and stopped here. This tab appears for the
selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing devices.

Note
This tab will not be displayed for external dosing devices on Titrinos 736, 751,
756, 799.

Start emptying the selected dosing device(s). The parameters defined for
the Dosing unit will be used.

Stop emptying the selected dosing device(s).

64 General program functions

Add fixed volume

Adding a predefined volume can be started and stopped here. This tab only ap­pears when a single dosing device has been selected.

Volume

[ 0.100 ] ... 99999.9 mL

Fixed volume to be added.

Dosing rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 150.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815, 855)
(730, 774, 778, 789)

(Titrino)
The volume is added at this speed. The maximum dosing speed depends
on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit used. If the en­tered dosing rate is too high for the selected dosing device then during
dosing it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible value.

Note
The dosing rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Filling rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 150.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815, 855)

(730, 774, 778, 789)

(Titrino)
After dosing the buret will be refilled at this speed. The maximum filling
speed depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit
used. If the entered filling rate is too high for the selected dosing device
then during filling it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible
value.

Manual control 65

Note
The filling rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Fill automatically

This parameter is only visible for Titrandos, Dosing Interface and the USB
Sample Processor.

[ on ], off

If this option is switched on then the buret will be refilled automatically after
dosing. During the filling procedure the volume display is reset to

mL

. If this option is switched off then the added volume will be displayed

cumulatively.

Start adding the fixed volume for the selected dosing device. The added
volume is shown live.

Note
Parameters that are altered after dosing has started only apply to the next dosing
procedure.

0.0000

Start filling the buret for the selected dosing device. This button is only pre­sent when
volume display is reset to

Fill automatically is switched off. During the filling procedure the

0.0000 mL.

Stop adding the fixed volume for the selected dosing device. Once dosing
has been stopped it can no longer be restarted.

66 General program functions

Dosing

Manual dosing can be started and stopped here. This tab only appears if a single
dosing device has been selected; it does not appear for
vices.

Titrino-type dosing de-

Dosing rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815, 855)

(778, 789)
Speed at which dosing is to be carried out. The maximum dosing speed
depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit used.
If the entered dosing rate is too high for the selected dosing device then
during dosing it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible value.

Note
The dosing rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Filling rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815, 855)

(778, 789)
After dosing the buret will be refilled at this speed. The maximum filling
speed depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit
used. If the entered filling rate is too high for the selected dosing device
then during filling it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible
value.

Note
The filling rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Manual control 67

Start manual dosing for the selected dosing device. Dosing will continue for
as long as the button is pressed down. The added volume is shown live.

Note
Parameters that are altered after dosing has started only apply to the next dosing
procedure.

Start filling the buret for the selected dosing device. During the filling pro­cedure the volume display is reset to

0.0000 mL.

2.6.6 Stirring

If a stirrer connected via MSB or a stirrer connection is selected in the Select de­vice subwindow then all the possible functions and parameters for the stirrers will
appear in the Functions/Parameters subwindow.

Stirrer functions

The stirrer functions are shown on the following tabs:

• Switch on/off

• Continuous operation

Devices

The stirrer functions can be carried out with stirrers that are connected to the fol­lowing instruments:

Titrino: 702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 785, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798,
799

Titrando: 808, 809, 835, 836, 841, 842, 855, 857, 888, 890

Dosing Interface: 846

Sample Changer: 730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815, 855

68 General program functions

Switch on/off

Stirrers can be switched on and off here. This tab appears for the selection of a
single stirrer as well as for all stirrers.

Stirring rate

-15 ... -1, 1 ... [ 8 ] ... 15

Selects the stirring speed. This parameter can also be altered live.

Start stirring for the selected stirrer(s).

Stop stirring for the selected stirrer(s).

Manual control 69

Continuous operation

Stirrers can be switched on for a defined period here. This tab appears oy for the
selection of a single stirrer.

Stirring rate

-15 ... -1, 1 ... [ 8 ] ... 15

Selection of the stirring speed. This parameter can also be altered live.

Stirring period

1 ... [ 60 ] ... 999999 s

Entry of the time during which stirring is to take place. If this parameter is al­tered after stirring has started then it will only apply to the next stirring pro­cedure.

Start continuous operation for the selected stirrer(s). The remaining time is
shown in the status display. When the stirring period has expired the stirrer
will be switched off automatically.

Stop continuous operation for the selected stirrer(s).

70 General program functions

2.6.7 Remote functions

If in the subwindow for Select device a remote box or remote interface is selected
then in the subwindow for Functions/Parameters the functions and parameters
that are possible for the device will appear.

Devices

The remote functions can be carried out with the following instruments:

Titrino: 702*, 716*, 718*, 719*, 720*, 721*, 736*, 751, 758, 784, 785, 794*, 795,
798, 799 (* instruments with only 3 outputs)

Titrando: 808, 809, 835, 836, 841, 842, 846, 855, 857, 888, 890

Coulometer: 756, 831

Sample Changer: 730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815, 855

Inputs

Current status

Shows the current status of the 8 input lines.

Templates/Entry

If the current status corresponds to one of the defined Templates for the in­puts then the corresponding name will be shown here.

Note
Only templates without stars * are recognized.

Outputs

Current status

Shows the current status of the 14 output lines.

Templates/Entry

Binary pattern consisting of exactly 14 characters (0, 1, *, p), [
************** ], signal template

Input of the binary pattern for the output signal of exactly 14 characters or
selects a predefined Signal template.

The following characters can be entered:

= line inactive,

0

= line active,

1
*

= any line status
= set impulse (not for 730, 774, 778, 789). The impulse length is 200 ms.

p

Manual control 71

If the output is to be an impulse with a different length then an appropriate
template must be defined for it.

The output lines and bits are numbered from right to left:

Output 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Bit 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Examples:

************1* sets output line 1 to active (= set) which would corre-

spond to a Stop command, e.g. for a connected Titrino.

************0* sets the line to inactive.

Note
We recommend that non-relevant output lines are masked with an asterisk * so
that the status of these lines is not altered.

Note
For Titrinos with 3 output lines only 3 characters can be entered. If a signal tem­plate is selected, only the first 3 characters are used.

Set the binary pattern defined under Outputs.

2.6.8 Sample changer functions

If in the subwindow for Select device a sample changer tower is selected then the
subwindow Functions/Parameters opens and shows the functions that are possi­ble with the sample changer together with their associated parameters.

Sample changer functions

The sample changer functions are shown on the following tabs:

• General

• Move

• Assign position

• Pump

• Heater/Gas

Devices

The sample changer functions can be carried out with the following instruments:

730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815, 855

72 General program functions

General

Information about the attached rack is shown here. In addition the speed of rota­tion and the lift speed for manual sample changer control can be set here.

Rack name

Shows the name of the attached rack. If no rack is attached then -------- will
be shown.

Rack code

Shows the rack code of the attached rack. If no rack is attached then -------

will be shown.

-

Number of positions

Shows the number of positions of the attached rack. If no rack is attached
then

-------- will be shown.

Shift rate

5 ... [ 20 ] °/s

Speed of rotation for manual operation of the sample changer.

Lift rate

5 ... [ 25 ] mm/s

Lift speed for manual operation at the selected tower.

Swing rate

10 ... [ 55 ] °/s

Swing speed for manual operation of the swing head on the sample
changer.

Initialize the attached rack.

Note
During the initialization of the rack the following actions are carried out:
– Rack rotates to position for reading the rack code.
– Rack data from rack code is transferred to sample changer.
– Lifts are raised to 0 mm.
– Swing head moves back.

Manual control 73

Move

This is where a move to the desired rack, lift or swing head position can be started
manually.

Rack position

Set rack position.

Current position

Shows the current rack position.

Target position

[ 1 ] ... n

Entry or selection of the rack position to be moved to.

Start the move to the target position. After the start the button changes to

[Stop], the two lower buttons are shown as inactive (gray), and the status

display changes from

Move to current rack position – 1.

Move to current rack position + 1.

Lift position

Set the lift position for the selected tower.

Current position

Shows the current lift position in mm.

Target position

[ 0 ] ... 235 mm, Home position, Work position, Shift position

beakers and ext. pos.),
pos.),

(depends on the rack), Special beaker 1...16

Ready to Move....

(only for normal

Rinse position (only for normal beakers and ext.

74 General program functions