Metrohm tiamo 1.1 User Manual

CH-9101 Herisau/Switzerland
E-Mail [e-mail]
Internet www.metrohm.com

tiamo User Manual

Program version 1.1

8.101.0013 09.2005/dö

Teachware
Metrohm AG
Oberdorfstrasse 68
CH-9101 Herisau

[e-mail]

This tutorial is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Although this tutorial has been prepared with the greatest care, errors cannot be completely excluded.
Should you notice any please contact the above address.

Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction .................................. 1

1.1 Welcome to tiamo ................................................................1

1.2 User interface ......................................................................2

1.3 Integration of devices..........................................................3

1.4 Method editor .......................................................................4

1.5 Database ..............................................................................5

1.6 Communication ....................................................................6

1.7 Compliance ..........................................................................7

1.8 Versions................................................................................8

1.9 Online Help...........................................................................8

1.10 What's new in tiamo 1.1?.....................................................9

Chapter 2 General program functions ........ 11

2.1 Program parts ....................................................................11

2.2 Login/Password protection................................................12

2.2.1 General .....................................................................................12

2.2.2 Login .........................................................................................13

2.2.3 Manual logout........................................................................... 13

2.2.4 Automatic logout......................................................................13

2.2.5 Change password.....................................................................14

2.3 Electronic signatures.........................................................15

2.3.1 Rules .........................................................................................15

2.3.2 Procedure ................................................................................. 15

2.3.3 Signature Level 1 .....................................................................16

2.3.4 Signature Level 2 .....................................................................17

2.3.5 Delete Level 2 signatures ........................................................18

Table of contents iii

2.4 Formula editor ................................................................... 19

2.4.1 Overview................................................................................... 19

2.4.2 Input field ................................................................................. 19

2.4.3 Arithmetic algorithms.............................................................. 20

2.4.4 Variables .................................................................................. 22

Overview.................................................................................................... 22

Method variables ...................................................................................... 22

Command variables.................................................................................. 23

Result variables ........................................................................................ 29

Determination variables ........................................................................... 29

System variables ...................................................................................... 30

Common variables.................................................................................... 30

2.4.5 Operators/Functions ................................................................ 31

Operators - Arithmetic.............................................................................. 32

Addition .............................................................................................. 32

Subtraction......................................................................................... 33

Multiplication ...................................................................................... 34

Division............................................................................................... 35

Potentiation ........................................................................................ 36

Operators - Logic...................................................................................... 37

AND .................................................................................................... 37

OR ...................................................................................................... 38

Operators - Compare................................................................................ 39

Equal .................................................................................................. 39

Larger than ......................................................................................... 40

Larger than or equal to....................................................................... 41

Smaller than ....................................................................................... 42

Smaller than or equal to..................................................................... 43

Unequal .............................................................................................. 44

Functions - Arithmetic .............................................................................. 45

Exponential function........................................................................... 45

Natural logarithm................................................................................ 45

Common logarithm ............................................................................ 46

Square root ........................................................................................ 46

Absolute value.................................................................................... 46

Fraction .............................................................................................. 47

Integer ................................................................................................ 47

Round integer..................................................................................... 48

Sign .................................................................................................... 48

Functions - Date/Time .............................................................................. 48

Time() ................................................................................................. 48

Time(Date).......................................................................................... 49

Time(Date + Time)............................................................................. 50

Functions - Type conversion.................................................................... 50

NumberToText ................................................................................... 50

NumberToTime .................................................................................. 51

TextToNumber.................................................................................... 51

TextToTime......................................................................................... 51

TimeToNumber .................................................................................. 52

TimeToText......................................................................................... 53

Functions - Text ........................................................................................ 54

TextPosition........................................................................................ 54

SubText .............................................................................................. 55

Trim .................................................................................................... 56

iv Table of contents

Miscellaneous functions .......................................................................... 57

Case ....................................................................................................57

Error ....................................................................................................58

ASCII table ................................................................................................ 58

2.5 Edit......................................................................................60

2.5.1 Text editor ................................................................................60

2.5.2 Select date ...............................................................................61

2.6 Manual control ...................................................................62

2.6.1 General ..................................................................................... 62

2.6.2 Select device ............................................................................63

2.6.3 Functions .................................................................................. 63

2.6.4 Graphic display ........................................................................63

2.6.5 Dosing .......................................................................................63

General...................................................................................................... 64

Prepare...................................................................................................... 65

Fill .............................................................................................................. 66

Empty ........................................................................................................ 67

Add fixed volume...................................................................................... 68

Dosing ....................................................................................................... 70

2.6.6 Stirring ......................................................................................71

Switch on/off ............................................................................................. 72

Continuous operation............................................................................... 73

2.6.7 Remote functions ..................................................................... 74

2.6.8 Sample changer functions....................................................... 75

General...................................................................................................... 76

Move .......................................................................................................... 77

Assign position ......................................................................................... 79

Pump ......................................................................................................... 81

Heater/Gas ................................................................................................ 82

Table of contents v

Chapter 3 Workplace....................................85

3.1 General .............................................................................. 85

3.1.1 General..................................................................................... 85

3.1.2 Desktop .................................................................................... 85

3.1.3 Menu bar .................................................................................. 85

Menu File................................................................................................... 86

Menu View................................................................................................. 86

Menu Tools................................................................................................ 86

Menu Help ................................................................................................. 87

3.1.4 Toolbar ..................................................................................... 87

3.1.5 Subwindows ............................................................................. 88

3.1.6 Functions.................................................................................. 88

3.1.7 Workplace views ...................................................................... 90

Change layout........................................................................................... 91

Save view .................................................................................................. 92

Load view .................................................................................................. 93

Rename view............................................................................................. 93

Delete view................................................................................................ 93

3.2 Workplaces ........................................................................ 94

3.2.1 Create new workplace ............................................................ 94

3.2.2 Edit workplace ......................................................................... 94

3.2.3 Show workplace ...................................................................... 95

Select workplace in workplace symbol................................................... 95

Show single workplace ............................................................................ 95

Show workplaces beside each other ...................................................... 95

Show workplaces one below the other ................................................... 95

3.2.4 Close workplace ...................................................................... 95

3.3 Sample tables.................................................................... 96

3.3.1 Edit ........................................................................................... 96

Create new sample table.......................................................................... 96

Open sample table.................................................................................... 96

Edit sample table ...................................................................................... 97

Edit sample data ....................................................................................... 98

Import sample data................................................................................. 100

Save sample table .................................................................................. 100

Print sample table (PDF) ........................................................................ 101

3.3.2 Properties............................................................................... 102

Display.............................................................................................. 102

Edit ................................................................................................... 103

Process............................................................................................. 104

Data import....................................................................................... 105

Comment.......................................................................................... 107

3.3.3 Manager ................................................................................. 107

Sample table manager ........................................................................... 107

Rename sample table............................................................................. 108

Copy sample table.................................................................................. 108

Delete sample table................................................................................ 108

vi Table of contents

Export sample table................................................................................ 108

Import sample table................................................................................ 108

3.4 Tools .................................................................................109

3.4.1 Run test ..................................................................................109

3.4.2 Sample assignment table ......................................................109

General.................................................................................................... 109

Sample assignment table....................................................................... 110

Sample assignment ................................................................................ 110

Sample assignment request .................................................................. 111

3.4.3 Text templates .......................................................................111

3.5 Subwindow Run................................................................113

3.5.1 General ................................................................................... 113

3.5.2 Single determination..............................................................113

Overview ................................................................................................. 113

Operating tools ....................................................................................... 114

Status display ......................................................................................... 114

Determination parameters ..................................................................... 115

Modify remark ...................................................................................115

Sample data ............................................................................................ 116

Live modifications .................................................................................. 117

Modification comment for sample data................................................. 118

Determination run................................................................................... 118

Properties................................................................................................ 121

Display ..............................................................................................121

Process .............................................................................................122

Data import .......................................................................................123

3.5.3 Determination series .............................................................124

Overview ................................................................................................. 124

Operating tools ....................................................................................... 124

Status display ......................................................................................... 125

Determination parameters ..................................................................... 126

Modify remark ...................................................................................127

Modify autostart counter...................................................................127

Sample data ............................................................................................ 128

Determination run................................................................................... 128

Working sample table............................................................................. 132

Load new and empty sample table ..................................................132

Load sample table ............................................................................132

Edit working sample table ................................................................132

Edit sample data ...............................................................................135

Import sample data...........................................................................137

Save sample table.............................................................................137

Run test.............................................................................................138

Print sample table (PDF)...................................................................138

Properties................................................................................................ 139

Display ..............................................................................................139

Edit ....................................................................................................140

Process .............................................................................................142

Data import .......................................................................................143

Comment ..........................................................................................144

Table of contents vii

3.6 Subwindow Method ......................................................... 145

3.6.1 General................................................................................... 145

3.6.2 Zoom for method window...................................................... 145

3.6.3 Live modifications.................................................................. 145

3.6.4 Quit command........................................................................ 146

3.7 Subwindow Live display.................................................. 147

3.7.1 General................................................................................... 147

3.7.2 Tracks..................................................................................... 147

3.7.3 Application note..................................................................... 148

3.7.4 Properties............................................................................... 148

3.8 Subwindow Report .......................................................... 151

3.8.1 General................................................................................... 151

3.8.2 Latest report .......................................................................... 151

3.8.3 Selected report ...................................................................... 151

3.8.4 Report overview ..................................................................... 151

viii Table of contents

Chapter 4 Database ................................... 153

4.1 General .............................................................................153

4.1.1 General ................................................................................... 153

4.1.2 Desktop................................................................................... 153

4.1.3 Menu bar.................................................................................154

Menu File................................................................................................. 154

Menu Edit ................................................................................................ 154

Menu View............................................................................................... 154

Menu Determinations ............................................................................. 155

Menu Tools ............................................................................................. 156

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 156

4.1.4 Toolbar....................................................................................157

4.1.5 Subwindows ...........................................................................158

4.1.6 Functions ................................................................................ 159

4.1.7 Database views ......................................................................159

Change layout......................................................................................... 160

Save view ................................................................................................ 161

Load view ................................................................................................ 161

Rename view........................................................................................... 162

Delete view.............................................................................................. 162

4.2 Open/display database ....................................................163

4.2.1 Open database .......................................................................163

4.2.2 Select database in database symbol....................................164

4.2.3 Show single database............................................................ 164

4.2.4 Show databases beside each other ......................................164

4.2.5 Show databases one below the other...................................164

4.2.6 Close database.......................................................................165

4.3 Manage databases...........................................................166

4.3.1 Database manager................................................................. 166

4.3.2 Create new database............................................................. 167

4.3.3 Rename database ..................................................................167

4.3.4 Delete database ..................................................................... 168

4.3.5 Database properties ..............................................................168

General..............................................................................................168

Access rights.....................................................................................169

Backup..............................................................................................169

Monitoring .........................................................................................170

4.3.6 Manual database backup ......................................................171

4.3.7 Restore database ...................................................................171

4.4 Report templates .............................................................173

4.4.1 Create new report template ..................................................173

4.4.2 Open report template.............................................................173

Table of contents ix

Edit report templates............................................................. 174

4.4.3

General.................................................................................................... 174

Desktop ............................................................................................ 175

Menu bar .......................................................................................... 175

Menu File.....................................................................................176

Menu Edit ....................................................................................176

Menu View...................................................................................176

Menu Insert .................................................................................177

Menu Tools..................................................................................177

Menu Help...................................................................................177

General toolbar ................................................................................ 177

Module-specific toolbar.................................................................... 178

Module bar ....................................................................................... 178

Functions................................................................................................. 179

Page setup ....................................................................................... 179

Define sections................................................................................. 180

Insert pages...................................................................................... 181

Insert modules.................................................................................. 181

Edit modules .................................................................................... 182

Zoom for report templates ............................................................... 183

Page preview.................................................................................... 183

Comment.......................................................................................... 184

Options............................................................................................. 185

Save report template........................................................................ 185

Modules................................................................................................... 187

Text field ........................................................................................... 187

Data field .......................................................................................... 188

Date field .......................................................................................... 189

Time field.......................................................................................... 190

Page number.................................................................................... 191

Number of pages ............................................................................. 192

Fixed report ...................................................................................... 193

Image ............................................................................................... 194

Line................................................................................................... 195

Rectangle ......................................................................................... 195

Curve field ........................................................................................ 196

Curve field - x axis.......................................................................197

Curve field - y1 axis.....................................................................198

Curve field - y2 axis.....................................................................200

Curve field - options....................................................................201

Calibration curve field....................................................................... 203

4.4.4 Manage report templates...................................................... 204

Manage report templates ....................................................................... 204

Rename report template .................................................................. 204

Copy report templates ..................................................................... 205

Delete report templates.................................................................... 205

Export report templates.................................................................... 205

Import report template ..................................................................... 205

4.5 Templates for control chart............................................ 206

4.5.1 Manage control chart templates .......................................... 206

4.5.2 Properties............................................................................... 206

Graphical settings ............................................................................ 207

Limits ................................................................................................ 208

Statistics ........................................................................................... 208

Comment.......................................................................................... 209

x Table of contents

4.6 Templates for curve overlay ............................................210

4.6.1 Manage curve overlay templates ..........................................210

4.6.2 Properties ...............................................................................211

x Axis.................................................................................................211

y-axis .................................................................................................212

Options..............................................................................................213

Comment ..........................................................................................214

4.7 Export templates..............................................................215

4.7.1 Manage ...................................................................................215

4.7.2 Properties ...............................................................................216

Select fields.......................................................................................217

Options..............................................................................................218

4.8 Subwindow Determination overview...............................219

4.8.1 General ................................................................................... 219

Overview ................................................................................................. 219

Determination table ................................................................................ 219

Column display....................................................................................... 220

Filter selection ........................................................................................ 221

Navigation bar......................................................................................... 221

Table navigation ..................................................................................... 222

Data record selection ............................................................................. 222

4.8.2 Functions ................................................................................ 223

Overview ................................................................................................. 223

Update determination table.................................................................... 223

Determination comment......................................................................... 224

Search determinations ........................................................................... 224

Filter determinations .............................................................................. 226

Last filter............................................................................................226

Quick filter .........................................................................................226

Special filter.......................................................................................226

Edit filter criterion........................................................................ 228

Save filter .................................................................................... 229

All statistics records ..........................................................................229

Remove filter .....................................................................................229

Sign determinations ............................................................................... 230

Rules .................................................................................................230

Sign determinations at Level 1 .........................................................231

Sign determinations at Level 2 .........................................................232

Show determination signatures ........................................................233

Delete signatures 2 for determinations.............................................233

Export determinations ............................................................................ 234

Import determinations............................................................................ 234

Delete determinations ............................................................................ 234

Print determination overview................................................................. 235

Print determination report...................................................................... 236

Show determination method.................................................................. 236

Show determination history ................................................................... 238

Show calibration curve........................................................................... 238

Control chart ........................................................................................... 239

Overlay curves........................................................................................ 241

Table of contents xi

Reprocess determinations .................................................... 242

4.8.3

General.................................................................................................... 242

Reprocessing window ............................................................................ 243

Reprocessing rules ................................................................................ 244

Modifications .......................................................................................... 245

Variables........................................................................................... 246

Method ............................................................................................. 247

Statistics ........................................................................................... 248

Curve evaluation............................................................................... 249

Edit curve ebvaluation............................................................................ 250

Properties ......................................................................................... 252

x axis............................................................................................252

y axis ...........................................................................................253

Options........................................................................................254

Result view.............................................................................................. 256

Modification comment for determinations............................................ 257

4.9 Subwindow Information.................................................. 258

4.9.1 Overview................................................................................. 258

4.9.2 Determination ........................................................................ 258

4.9.3 Method.................................................................................... 260

4.9.4 Sample.................................................................................... 262

4.9.5 Configuration ......................................................................... 263

4.9.6 Messages ............................................................................... 265

4.9.7 Determination comment........................................................ 265

4.10 Subwindow Results......................................................... 266

4.10.1 Overview................................................................................. 266

4.10.2 Results overview.................................................................... 266

4.10.3 Command name ..................................................................... 267

4.10.4 Properties............................................................................... 268

4.11 Subwindow Curves.......................................................... 269

4.11.1 General ................................................................................... 269

4.11.2 Measuring point list ............................................................... 270

4.11.3 Monitoring report ................................................................... 271

4.11.4 Properties............................................................................... 272

x Axis ....................................................................................................... 272

y1-axis ..................................................................................................... 273

y2 Axis ..................................................................................................... 275

Options.................................................................................................... 276

Measuring point list................................................................................ 277

xii Table of contents

Chapter 5 Method....................................... 279

5.1 General .............................................................................279

5.1.1 General ................................................................................... 279

5.1.2 Desktop................................................................................... 280

5.1.3 Menu bar.................................................................................280

Menu File................................................................................................. 280

Menu Edit ................................................................................................ 281

Menu View............................................................................................... 281

Menu Insert ............................................................................................. 282

Menu Tools ............................................................................................. 282

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 282

5.1.4 Toolbar....................................................................................282

5.1.5 Functions ................................................................................ 284

5.2 Method editor ...................................................................285

5.2.1 Create new method................................................................ 285

5.2.2 Open method ..........................................................................285

5.2.3 Display method.......................................................................287

Selecting the method in the method symbol ........................................ 287

Display single method............................................................................ 287

Display methods beside each other...................................................... 287

Display methods one below the other .................................................. 287

Zoom for methods .................................................................................. 288

5.2.4 Edit method ............................................................................288

Edit tracks ............................................................................................... 288

Insert new track.................................................................................288

Select track .......................................................................................289

Move track.........................................................................................289

Copy track.........................................................................................289

Cut track............................................................................................290

Insert track ........................................................................................290

Delete track .......................................................................................290

Edit commands ....................................................................................... 290

Insert new command ........................................................................290

Select commands .............................................................................291

Move commands ..............................................................................291

Copy commands ..............................................................................291

Cut commands .................................................................................291

Insert commands ..............................................................................292

Delete commands.............................................................................292

Command properties........................................................................292

Command comment.........................................................................292

5.2.5 Check method ........................................................................293

5.2.6 Save method...........................................................................293

5.2.7 Comment on modification for method ..................................295

5.2.8 Close method..........................................................................295

Table of contents xiii

5.3 Manage methods............................................................. 296

5.3.1 Manage methods ................................................................... 296

5.3.2 Rename method..................................................................... 297

5.3.3 Copy method .......................................................................... 298

5.3.4 Move method.......................................................................... 298

5.3.5 Delete method........................................................................ 298

5.3.6 Export method........................................................................ 298

5.3.7 Import method ....................................................................... 299

5.3.8 Sign methods ......................................................................... 299

Rules........................................................................................................ 299

Sign method at level 1............................................................................ 300

Sign method at level 2............................................................................ 301

Show method signatures ....................................................................... 302

Delete signatures 2................................................................................. 302

5.3.9 Show method history ............................................................. 303

5.4 Manage method groups .................................................. 304

5.4.1 Manage method groups......................................................... 304

5.4.2 Method group properties ....................................................... 304

General.................................................................................................... 305

Access rights .......................................................................................... 305

5.5 Tracks .............................................................................. 306

5.5.1 General................................................................................... 306

5.5.2 Track types ............................................................................ 307

Main track................................................................................................ 307

Normal track............................................................................................ 307

Series start track..................................................................................... 308

Series end track...................................................................................... 308

Exit track.................................................................................................. 309

Error track ............................................................................................... 309

5.5.3 Edit tracks.............................................................................. 310

5.6 Commands....................................................................... 311

5.6.1 General................................................................................... 311

5.6.2 Edit commands ...................................................................... 312

5.6.3 Method command overview .................................................. 312

5.6.4 Track commands ................................................................... 314

START...................................................................................................... 315

General........................................................................................ 315

Application note ..........................................................................317

Method variables (table) .............................................................317

Method variables (properties).....................................................318

TRACK ..................................................................................................... 320

SERIES START........................................................................................ 321

SERIES END............................................................................................ 321

EXIT ......................................................................................................... 322

ERROR .................................................................................................... 322

END.......................................................................................................... 322

xiv Table of contents

Titration commands ...............................................................323

5.6.5

DET .......................................................................................................... 323

DET pH..............................................................................................325

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 326

Start conditions .......................................................................... 328

Titration parameters ................................................................... 330

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 332

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 333

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 337

Additional measured values....................................................... 339

DET U................................................................................................341

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 342

Start conditions .......................................................................... 344

Titration parameters ................................................................... 346

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 346

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 347

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 349

Additional measured values....................................................... 351

DET Ipol ............................................................................................351

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 352

Start conditions .......................................................................... 354

Titration parameters ................................................................... 354

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 354

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 354

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 355

Additional measured values....................................................... 357

DET Upol...........................................................................................357

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 358

Start conditions .......................................................................... 360

Titration parameters ................................................................... 362

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 364

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 365

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 367

Additional measured values....................................................... 369

MET.......................................................................................................... 369

MET pH .............................................................................................370

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 371

Start conditions .......................................................................... 371

Titration parameters ................................................................... 371

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 373

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 373

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 373

Additional measured values....................................................... 373

MET U ...............................................................................................373

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 374

Start conditions .......................................................................... 374

Titration parameters ................................................................... 374

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 374

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 374

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 374

Additional measured values....................................................... 374

MET Ipol............................................................................................374

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 375

Start conditions .......................................................................... 375

Titration parameters ................................................................... 375

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 375

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 375

Table of contents xv

Additional evaluations.................................................................375

Additional measured values .......................................................375

MET Upol.......................................................................................... 376

General/Hardware.......................................................................376

Start conditions ...........................................................................376

Titration parameters ....................................................................376

Stop conditions ...........................................................................377

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................377

Additional evaluations.................................................................377

Additional measured values .......................................................377

SET .......................................................................................................... 378

SET pH ............................................................................................. 379

General/Hardware.......................................................................380

Start conditions ...........................................................................380

Control parameters .....................................................................382

Titration parameters ....................................................................384

Stop conditions ...........................................................................385

Conditioning................................................................................386

Additional evaluations.................................................................387

Additional measured values .......................................................388

SET U ............................................................................................... 388

General/Hardware.......................................................................389

Start conditions ...........................................................................389

Control parameters .....................................................................390

Titration parameters ....................................................................392

Stop conditions ...........................................................................392

Conditioning................................................................................392

Additional evaluations.................................................................393

Additional measured values .......................................................394

SET Ipol............................................................................................ 394

General/Hardware.......................................................................395

Start conditions ...........................................................................395

Control parameters .....................................................................395

Titration parameters ....................................................................395

Stop conditions ...........................................................................395

Conditioning................................................................................395

Additional evaluations.................................................................395

Additional measured values .......................................................395

SET Upol .......................................................................................... 396

General/Hardware.......................................................................396

Start conditions ...........................................................................397

Control parameters .....................................................................398

Titration parameters ....................................................................400

Stop conditions ...........................................................................400

Conditioning................................................................................400

Additional evaluations.................................................................401

Additional measured values .......................................................402

KFT .......................................................................................................... 402

KFT Ipol ............................................................................................ 404

General/Hardware.......................................................................405

Start conditions ...........................................................................407

Control parameters .....................................................................407

Titration parameters ....................................................................409

Stop conditions ...........................................................................410

Conditioning................................................................................410

Additional evaluations.................................................................410

Additional measured values .......................................................410

xvi Table of contents

KFT Upol ...........................................................................................410

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 411

Start conditions .......................................................................... 411

Control parameters .................................................................... 411

Titration parameters ................................................................... 411

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 411

Conditioning ............................................................................... 411

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 411

Additional measured values....................................................... 412

KFC.......................................................................................................... 412

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 413

Start conditions .......................................................................... 414

Control parameters .................................................................... 415

Titration parameters ................................................................... 416

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 417

Conditioning ............................................................................... 417

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 418

Additional measured values....................................................... 419

STAT ........................................................................................................ 420

STAT pH............................................................................................ 421

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 422

Start conditions .......................................................................... 425

Control parameters .................................................................... 426

Titration parameters ................................................................... 428

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 429

Monitoring................................................................................... 430

Evaluations ................................................................................. 434

Additional measured values....................................................... 436

STAT U ..............................................................................................436

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 437

Start conditions .......................................................................... 439

Control parameters .................................................................... 440

Titration parameters ................................................................... 441

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 442

Monitoring................................................................................... 443

Evaluations ................................................................................. 447

Additional measured values....................................................... 449

Evaluation ............................................................................................... 449

pK value and half neutralization potential.........................................449

Minimum and maximum evaluation..................................................450

Break point evaluation ......................................................................450

5.6.6 Measuring commands............................................................ 451

MEAS pH ................................................................................................. 451

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 452

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 454

Evaluations ................................................................................. 456

Additional measured values....................................................... 458

MEAS U ................................................................................................... 458

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 459

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 460

Evaluations ................................................................................. 462

Additional measured values....................................................... 464

MEAS Ipol................................................................................................ 464

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 465

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 466

Evaluations ................................................................................. 466

Additional measured values....................................................... 466

Table of contents xvii

MEAS Upol .............................................................................................. 467

General/Hardware.......................................................................468

Measuring parameters................................................................ 469

Evaluations..................................................................................471

Additional measured values .......................................................473

MEAS T.................................................................................................... 473

General/Hardware.......................................................................474

Measuring parameters................................................................ 475

Evaluations..................................................................................477

Additional measured values .......................................................479

MEAS T/Flow........................................................................................... 479

General/Hardware.......................................................................479

Measuring parameters................................................................ 480

Evaluations..................................................................................480

Additional measured values .......................................................481

MEAS Conc ............................................................................................. 481

General/Hardware.......................................................................482

Measuring parameters................................................................ 483

Additional measured values .......................................................483

MEAS Cond............................................................................................. 483

General/Hardware.......................................................................484

Measuring parameters................................................................ 485

Evaluations..................................................................................486

Additional measured values .......................................................487

STDADD................................................................................................... 488

STDADD man ................................................................................... 488

General/Hardware.......................................................................489

Standard addition .......................................................................490

Measuring parameters................................................................ 491

STDADD dos .................................................................................... 492

General/Hardware.......................................................................493

Standard addition .......................................................................495

Measuring parameters................................................................ 496

STDADD auto ................................................................................... 496

General/Hardware.......................................................................496

Standard addition .......................................................................497

Measuring parameters................................................................ 497

5.6.7 Calibration commands .......................................................... 498

Calibrating with manual solution changing .......................................... 499

Calibrating with automatic solution changing ...................................... 500

CAL LOOP pH ......................................................................................... 501

CAL LOOP pH - properties .........................................................502

CAL MEAS pH ......................................................................................... 503

General/Hardware.......................................................................503

Measuring parameters................................................................ 505

CAL LOOP Conc ..................................................................................... 506

CAL LOOP Conc - properties .....................................................506

CAL MEAS Conc ..................................................................................... 507

General/Hardware.......................................................................507

Measuring parameters................................................................ 508

5.6.8 Dosing commands ................................................................. 509

ADD.......................................................................................................... 509

General/Hardware.......................................................................510

Dosing parameters .....................................................................512

xviii Table of contents

DOS ......................................................................................................... 513

DOS pH.............................................................................................513

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 514

Dosing parameters..................................................................... 516

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 517

Monitoring................................................................................... 518

Additional measured values....................................................... 521

DOS U ...............................................................................................521

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 522

Dosing parameters..................................................................... 524

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 524

Monitoring................................................................................... 525

Additionan measured values ..................................................... 528

LQH.......................................................................................................... 528

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 528

Parameters ................................................................................. 529

PREP........................................................................................................ 531

PREP - properties....................................................................... 532

EMPTY ..................................................................................................... 533

EMPTY - properties .................................................................... 533

5.6.9 Automation commands..........................................................534

MOVE....................................................................................................... 534

MOVE - properties...................................................................... 535

SWING ..................................................................................................... 537

SWING - properties .................................................................... 537

LIFT.......................................................................................................... 539

LIFT - Properties ......................................................................... 539

PUMP....................................................................................................... 540

PUMP - properties...................................................................... 541

STIR ......................................................................................................... 542

STIR - properties ........................................................................ 542

RACK ....................................................................................................... 544

RACK - properties ...................................................................... 544

HEATER................................................................................................... 545

HEATER - properties .................................................................. 545

FLOW....................................................................................................... 547

FLOW - properties...................................................................... 547

5.6.10 Result commands...................................................................549

CALC ....................................................................................................... 549

CALC - result table............................................................................550

CALC result properties......................................................................552

Result - definition........................................................................ 552

Result - Monitoring ..................................................................... 553

Result - options .......................................................................... 555

Send e-mail ................................................................................ 556

Result templates ...............................................................................557

Manage result templates ........................................................... 557

Save result template................................................................... 557

Rename result template ............................................................. 558

DATABASE .............................................................................................. 558

DATABASE - properties ............................................................. 559

REPORT .................................................................................................. 560

REPORT - Properties.................................................................. 560

EXPORT................................................................................................... 561

EXPORT - properties.................................................................. 561

Table of contents xix

5.6.11

5.6.12 Miscellaneous commands ..................................................... 575

Communication commands................................................... 562

CTRL........................................................................................................ 562

CTRL - Properties........................................................................563

SCAN ....................................................................................................... 564

SCAN - Properties.......................................................................564

SEND ....................................................................................................... 566

SEND - properties.......................................................................566

SEND - event messages.............................................................567

RECEIVE.................................................................................................. 568

RECEIVE - properties..................................................................568

RECEIVE - event/state ................................................................570

TRANSFER .............................................................................................. 571

TRANSFER - properties ..............................................................571

TRANSFER - transfer commands...............................................572

REQUEST ................................................................................................ 575

REQUEST - properties ................................................................575

REQUEST - sample data request...............................................577

CALL ........................................................................................................ 578

CALL - properties........................................................................578

CALL - call...................................................................................579

LOOP ....................................................................................................... 580

LOOP - properties.......................................................................581

WAIT ........................................................................................................ 582

WAIT - properties ........................................................................582

SEQUENCE ............................................................................................. 583

SEQUENCE - properties.............................................................584

5.7 Method reports ................................................................ 585

5.7.1 Select method reports ........................................................... 585

5.7.2 Method sequence report ....................................................... 585

5.7.3 Method parameters report .................................................... 586

5.7.4 Titration and measurement parameters report ................... 586

xx Table of contents

Chapter 6 Configuration ............................ 587

6.1 General .............................................................................587

6.1.1 General ................................................................................... 587

6.1.2 Desktop................................................................................... 587

6.1.3 Menu bar.................................................................................588

Menu File................................................................................................. 588

Menu View............................................................................................... 588

Menu Tools ............................................................................................. 589

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 589

6.1.4 Toolbar....................................................................................590

6.1.5 Subwindows ...........................................................................590

6.1.6 Functions ................................................................................ 591

6.1.7 Configuration views ............................................................... 592

Change layout......................................................................................... 592

Save view ................................................................................................ 593

Load view ................................................................................................ 594

Rename view........................................................................................... 595

Delete view.............................................................................................. 595

6.2 Administration..................................................................596

6.2.1 Security settings ....................................................................596

Login/Password protection.................................................................... 597

Send e-mail .......................................................................................599

Audit Trail/Modifications ........................................................................ 600

Signatures............................................................................................... 601

Default reasons....................................................................................... 602

6.2.2 User administration ............................................................... 604

User groups ............................................................................................ 605

User group information.....................................................................605

Access rights.....................................................................................606

Signatures.........................................................................................607

Options..............................................................................................609

Add user group .................................................................................609

Copy user group...............................................................................610

Rename user group ..........................................................................610

Delete user group .............................................................................610

Add user............................................................................................610

Users ....................................................................................................... 611

User information................................................................................611

Add user............................................................................................612

Set start password ............................................................................612

6.2.3 Program administration......................................................... 613

Backup directories ................................................................................. 613

Create new backup directory............................................................614

Edit backup directory........................................................................614

Clients ..................................................................................................... 615

Licenses .................................................................................................. 615

Table of contents xxi

6.3 Configuration data .......................................................... 617

6.3.1 Export/Import ......................................................................... 617

Export configuration data....................................................................... 617

Import configuration data....................................................................... 618

6.3.2 Backup/Restore...................................................................... 619

Backup configuration data automatically ............................................. 619

Backup configuration data manually..................................................... 620

Restore configuration data .................................................................... 621

6.3.3 Templates .............................................................................. 622

Custom calibration buffers .................................................................... 622

Templates for input lines........................................................................ 623

Templates for output lines ..................................................................... 624

6.3.4 Options ................................................................................... 626

General............................................................................................. 626

Save.................................................................................................. 627

PDF................................................................................................... 627

6.4 Audit Trail ........................................................................ 628

6.4.1 General................................................................................... 628

General.................................................................................................... 628

Desktop ................................................................................................... 628

Menu bar ................................................................................................. 628

Menu File.......................................................................................... 629

Menu View........................................................................................ 629

Menu Filter........................................................................................ 629

Menu Tools....................................................................................... 629

Menu Help........................................................................................ 629

Toolbar .................................................................................................... 630

Filter selection ........................................................................................ 630

Audit Trail - navigation bar..................................................................... 630

Functions................................................................................................. 631

6.4.2 Audit Trail table ..................................................................... 631

Column display....................................................................................... 633

Filter Audit Trail ...................................................................................... 633

Last filter ........................................................................................... 633

Quick filter ........................................................................................ 634

Special filter...................................................................................... 634

Edit filter condition ......................................................................635

Save filter.....................................................................................636

Remove filter .................................................................................... 636

Update Audit Trail................................................................................... 637

Export Audit Trail .................................................................................... 637

Archive Audit Trail .................................................................................. 637

Delete Audit Trail .................................................................................... 638

Print Audit Trail ....................................................................................... 639

Audit Trail monitoring............................................................................. 639

6.5 Subwindow Devices ........................................................ 640

6.5.1 General................................................................................... 640

6.5.2 Device table ........................................................................... 640

Column display....................................................................................... 642

Add new device....................................................................................... 643

Delete device .......................................................................................... 643

Print devices list ..................................................................................... 643

xxii Table of contents

Device properties ...................................................................644

6.5.3

Overview ................................................................................................. 644

Titrando ................................................................................................... 644

General..............................................................................................645

Load new program version ........................................................ 645

Measuring inputs ..............................................................................646

MSB #...............................................................................................647

GLP ...................................................................................................648

Titrino ...................................................................................................... 649

General..............................................................................................649

Load new program version ........................................................ 650

Int. dosing device D0 ........................................................................651

Ext. dosing device D# ......................................................................651

RS 232...............................................................................................652

GLP ...................................................................................................653

Coulometer ............................................................................................. 654

General..............................................................................................654

Load new program version ........................................................ 655

RS 232...............................................................................................655

GLP ...................................................................................................656

Conductometer ....................................................................................... 657

General..............................................................................................657

Load new program version ........................................................ 658

RS 232...............................................................................................658

GLP ...................................................................................................659

Dosing Interface ..................................................................................... 660

General..............................................................................................660

Load new program version ........................................................ 661

MSB #...............................................................................................661

GLP ...................................................................................................662

814/815 USB Sample Processor............................................................ 663

General..............................................................................................664

Load new program version ........................................................ 664

Tower #.............................................................................................665

Robotic arm configuration.......................................................... 666

External position......................................................................... 667

Rack ..................................................................................................668

MSB #...............................................................................................669

GLP ...................................................................................................670

855 Robotic Titrosampler....................................................................... 671

General..............................................................................................671

Load new program version ........................................................ 672

Measuring inputs ..............................................................................672

Tower #.............................................................................................673

Robotic arm configuration.......................................................... 674

External position......................................................................... 675

Rack ..................................................................................................676

MSB #...............................................................................................677

GLP ...................................................................................................678

778/789 Sample Processor .................................................................... 679

General..............................................................................................679

Load new program version ........................................................ 680

Tower #.............................................................................................681

Robotic arm configuration.......................................................... 682

External position......................................................................... 683

Rack ..................................................................................................683

MSB #...............................................................................................684

Table of contents xxiii

RS 232.............................................................................................. 685

GLP................................................................................................... 685

730 Sample Changer .............................................................................. 687

General............................................................................................. 687

Load new program version.........................................................688

Towers.............................................................................................. 688

Rack ................................................................................................. 689

Dosing device................................................................................... 690

RS 232.............................................................................................. 690

GLP................................................................................................... 691

774 Oven Sample Processor ................................................................. 692

General............................................................................................. 692

Load new program version.........................................................693

Towers.............................................................................................. 694

Rack ................................................................................................. 694

Edit rack properties (774)................................................................. 695

Lift positions ................................................................................696

Special beakers ..........................................................................696

Dosing device................................................................................... 697

Oven ................................................................................................. 697

Gas ................................................................................................... 698

RS 232.............................................................................................. 698

GLP................................................................................................... 699

Balance.................................................................................................... 700

General............................................................................................. 700

RS 232.............................................................................................. 701

Test connection...........................................................................702

GLP................................................................................................... 703

Barcode reader ....................................................................................... 704

General............................................................................................. 705

Settings ............................................................................................ 706

Check connection .......................................................................706

GLP................................................................................................... 707

RS232 device .......................................................................................... 708

General............................................................................................. 708

RS 232.............................................................................................. 709

Test connection...........................................................................710

GLP................................................................................................... 711

6.6 Subwindow Titrants/Solutions........................................ 713

6.6.1 General................................................................................... 713

6.6.2 Solution table......................................................................... 713

Column display....................................................................................... 715

Add new solution .................................................................................... 715

Delete solution........................................................................................ 716

Print solution list..................................................................................... 716

6.6.3 Solution properties ................................................................ 716

Solution ............................................................................................ 717

Titer................................................................................................... 718

Titer history....................................................................................... 720

Titer history - Limits .....................................................................721

Exchange unit .................................................................................. 722

Dosing unit ....................................................................................... 725

GLP................................................................................................... 728

xxiv Table of contents

6.7 Subwindow Sensors.........................................................730

6.7.1 General ................................................................................... 730

6.7.2 Sensor table ...........................................................................730

Column display....................................................................................... 732

Add new sensor...................................................................................... 732

Delete sensor.......................................................................................... 733

Print sensor list....................................................................................... 733

6.7.3 Sensor properties...................................................................734

Sensor...............................................................................................734

Calibration data.................................................................................736

Limits.................................................................................................738

History...............................................................................................739

Sensor history - Limits................................................................ 740

6.8 Subwindow Common Variables.......................................743

6.8.1 General ................................................................................... 743

6.8.2 Table of common variables ...................................................743

Column display....................................................................................... 745

Add new common variable..................................................................... 745

Delete common variable ........................................................................ 746

Print list of common variables ............................................................... 746

6.8.3 Common variables properties ...............................................746

Common variable..............................................................................747

History...............................................................................................749

History - limits............................................................................. 750

6.9 Subwindow Rack data .....................................................751

6.9.1 General ................................................................................... 751

6.9.2 Rack table ..............................................................................751

Add new rack .......................................................................................... 752

Delete rack .............................................................................................. 753

Print rack list........................................................................................... 753

6.9.3 Rack properties......................................................................753

Rack parameters...............................................................................754

Lift positions......................................................................................755

Special beakers ................................................................................756

Special beaker............................................................................ 757

Table of contents xxv

Chapter 7 How to proceed ......................... 759

7.1 Audit Trail ........................................................................ 759

7.1.1 Open Audit Trail ..................................................................... 759

7.1.2 Filter Audit Trail ..................................................................... 759

7.1.3 Export Audit Trail ................................................................... 760

7.1.4 Archive Audit Trail ................................................................. 760

7.1.5 Delete Audit Trail ................................................................... 761

7.2 Backup............................................................................. 762

7.2.1 Backup database................................................................... 762

7.2.2 Restore database................................................................... 763

7.2.3 Backup configuration data.................................................... 763

7.2.4 Restore configuration data ................................................... 764

7.2.5 Backup methods .................................................................... 764

7.2.6 Archive Audit Trail ................................................................. 766

7.3 Determinations................................................................ 767

7.3.1 Start single determination .................................................... 767

7.3.2 Start determination series .................................................... 768

7.3.3 Search determinations .......................................................... 769

7.3.4 Filter determinations ............................................................. 769

7.3.5 Sign determination ................................................................ 770

7.3.6 Export determinations ........................................................... 771

7.3.7 Import determinations........................................................... 771

7.3.8 Delete determinations........................................................... 772

7.3.9 Make current previous determination version ..................... 772

7.3.10 Reprocess determinations .................................................... 772

7.3.11 Print determination report .................................................... 775

7.3.12 Print determination overview................................................ 775

7.4 Databases........................................................................ 776

7.4.1 Open database....................................................................... 776

7.4.2 Close database ...................................................................... 776

7.4.3 Create new database ............................................................ 776

7.4.4 Backup database................................................................... 777

7.4.5 Restore database................................................................... 778

7.4.6 Delete database..................................................................... 778

7.5 Configuration data .......................................................... 779

7.5.1 Export configuration data...................................................... 779

7.5.2 Import configuration data ..................................................... 779

xxvi Table of contents

Backup configuration data .................................................... 779

7.5.3

7.5.4 Restore configuration data.................................................... 780

7.6 Methods ............................................................................781

7.6.1 Open method ..........................................................................781

7.6.2 Close method..........................................................................781

7.6.3 Create new method................................................................ 781

7.6.4 Save method...........................................................................782

7.6.5 Delete method ........................................................................ 782

7.6.6 Export method ........................................................................783

7.6.7 Import method........................................................................783

7.6.8 Sign method............................................................................783

7.6.9 Make current previous method version ................................ 784

7.6.10 Print method report................................................................785

7.7 Method groups .................................................................786

7.7.1 Create new method group .....................................................786

7.7.2 Delete method group..............................................................786

7.8 Sample tables ..................................................................787

7.8.1 Create new sample table.......................................................787

7.8.2 Edit sample table ................................................................... 787

7.8.3 Load working sample table ................................................... 788

7.8.4 Edit working sample table.....................................................788

7.9 Reports .............................................................................789

7.9.1 Create new report template ..................................................789

7.9.2 Edit report template...............................................................789

7.9.3 Print determination report..................................................... 790

7.9.4 Print method report................................................................791

7.9.5 Print determination overview ................................................ 791

Chapter 8 Index.......................................... 793

Table of contents xxvii

xxviii Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Welcome to tiamo

tiamo = titration and more

tiamo is a control and database software for titrators, dosing devices and sample
changers that allows complete laboratory automation, which is why the name

tiamo stands for «titration and more» – tiamo can do far more than just titrate.

tiamo is the successor of the TiNet and Workcell software. With it Metrohm now of-

fers worldwide a uniform software product for laboratory automation. This means
that an internationally operating concern can now use the same software platform
for processing all its samples and exchange data and methods without any loss.

The most important program features

• Easy to use and configurable user interface

• Easy integration of instruments and accessories

• Comfortable method editor

• Database program with client/server functionality

• Manifold import and export possibilities

• FDA compatibility according to 21 CFR Part 11

• Extensive online help

Welcome to tiamo 1

1.2 User interface

The modern user interface makes it easy for users to familiarize themselves with
tiamo quickly. All command and control functions are located where users would
expect them. The tiamo bar on the left-hand side of the screen allows access to
the four basic tiamo components:

Whether these buttons are visible or concealed depends on the user’s rights of
access. The menu bar is located in the upper part of the screen. Again, each indi­vidual command can be concealed in accordance with the rights of access of the
user.

In the center of the screen are the information windows, in which settings, sam­ple input templates, real-time curves or results are shown. This display can be ad­justed individually for each user with the aid of the new Layout Manager. This
means that each user can only see the windows or buttons necessary for his or
her work. This shortens the familiarization time for users carrying out routine work
to a minimum; operating errors resulting from a cluttered screen are now a thing
of the past.

The methods and calculation templates successfully introduced with the Ti­trando system are also available with tiamo. Numerous tried and tested methods
allow users to draw up their own individual methods quickly and simply and to use
them immediately.

2 Introduction

1.3 Integration of devices

tiamo brings together the world of Titrino devices with the new generation of the
Titrando system. In the software sector such compatibility with existing Metrohm

devices is not just a matter of course. The whole Titrino family, which was previ­ously also controlled by TiNet, can continue to be operated under tiamo, and this
after more than 10 years on the market! In addition, sample changers, some of
which are no longer in our sales program, can also be operated under tiamo.
That's how Metrohm protects your investments!

Of course, all the models of the latest Titrando generation as well as the new
Sample Processors are compatible with tiamo. In this way all the advantages of
USB communication, such as plug and play or recognition of the intelligent dosing
systems, can be utilized to the full with tiamo. Even the mixed operation of older
RS 232-controlled and the new USB-controlled instruments is possible without any
problems.

Devices compatible with tiamo

• Titrando

808, 809, 835, 836, 841, 842, 855

• Titrino

702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798,
799

• Conductometer

712

• KF Coulometer

756, 831

• Sample Changer

730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815, 855

• Miscellaneous

846 Dosing Interface, balances, barcode readers ...

Integration of devices 3

1.4 Method editor

The new graphical Method Editor makes more of your titration system. Methods
can be drawn up quickly and simply by using the numerous templates. Methods
that have been proved in practice are available for most routine and automation
tasks. A few clicks are all that is needed to adapt them and make them ready for
use.

It is now possible to program and link activities that take place in parallel. This
means that, together with the new Titrando system and the Robotic Sample Proc­essors, a sample can now be titrated while the next sample is already being pre­pared. This saves time and increases sample throughput. The crowning achieve­ment is the simultaneous processing of several samples – one Titrando can carry
out two titrations at the same time. This doubles sample throughput!

tiamo is flexible and adapts itself to the analytical sequence, not vice versa.

Overview of functions

• Graphical method editor

• Method manager

• Access rights management for each method group

• Templates for method development and calculations

• Method test

• Comments for methods

• Parallel track function

• Loop function

4 Introduction

1.5 Database

tiamo is based on an industrially tested, object-oriented database. The con­figuration database contains all settings, the user administration, methods and

templates. The determination data are stored in determination databases de­fined by the user. These databases can be installed locally on the computer used
and represent a simple titration system. However, tiamo is also scaleable and
grows to meet the operating requirements. As soon as data security and central
data administration come to the fore, tiamo can be set up in a client-server con-
figuration, with the tiamo database installed on a server. All measuring and office
computers then act as clients. In this titration network all results are stored cen­trally and can be viewed and recalculated by all client PCs. In addition, all clients
can access the same pool of methods.

The new database provides all the necessary tools for managing results as well as
for searching for them and grouping them together. Quick Filters allow users to
search through thousands of determinations in a few seconds and present the
search results in a clear manner. Control charts provide a rapid overview of the
chronological sequence of the results.

All the possibilities for recalculation and re-evaluation are available to the us­ers.

Overview of functions

• Object-oriented Client/Server database

• Quick filter and powerful search functions

• Access rights management for each database

• Automatic database backup function

• Layout manager for database view

• Reprocessing function for variables, methods, statistics, and curve

evaluation

• Control charts

Database 5

1.6 Communication

Easy and inexpensive integration into existing laboratory information systems,
central databases and long-term archiving systems is crucial for the acceptance
of PC-controlled analytical systems.

tiamo is communicative. LIMS systems can easily import work lists into tiamo’s
own sample table and also control them remotely, without any additional modules.
Data generated in tiamo are now exported in XML format. This enables the simple
incorporation into all LIMS systems currently on the market. Export to long-term
archiving systems such as NuGenesis SDMS or Scientific Software CyberLABlab
is also supported.

With the new Report Designer the analysis reports can now be drawn up simply
and flexibly. The Report Designer allows report templates to be freely defined. In
this way reports of one or more determinations can be produced at any time with
a selectable layout in pdf format or as a paper printout.

A special feature of tiamo is that status messages, error messages or results can
be transmitted from the method sequence to the user by E-Mail.

Overview of functions

• Import of sample data

• Several data export formats,such as XML, CSV, SLK

• Direct export to NuGenesis SDMS, Scientific Software CyberLAB, etc.

• Report designer

• E-mail function for status messages, error messages, or results

• Import of external measured values

6 Introduction

1.7 Compliance

tiamo also sets new standards with respect to compliance with GMP, GLP and
FDA requirements. The latest quality standards and validation procedures have

been used during the development and programming of the software. Right from
the very start tiamo has been designed to comply with the demands of FDA
Regulation 21 CFR Part 11 and its customer-specific interpretations. This is
confirmed by a compliance certificate. A central user administration determines
rights of access to program functions, methods and results. Any number of users
with freely definable user profiles are possible. The system administrator has com­fortable access to the user administration from any tiamo client. Access to the
software is password-protected and either the tiamo or Windows login can be se­lected.

The use of digital signatures allows to sign methods and results. Two signatures
with different features are available. With the Level 1 Signature (Review) the user
confirms the he has correctly programmed the method or correctly performed the
analysis, whatever the case. The Level 2 Signature (Release) is used to release
the method or the result and protect it against further changes. This means that
company-specific workflows can be displayed in tiamo.

All data are managed by version control and protected against unauthorized
access, alteration or deletion in the database. The database itself controls access
to the data in network operation and offers archiving and recovery functions.

The Audit Trail protocols all user actions as well as important system events.

Compliance features of tiamo

• Designed and validated for compliance

• Central user administration

• Detailed access rights management

• tiamo or Windows password protection

• Digital signature with two levels

• Different signatures for methods and results

• Method and results history

• Detailed Audit Trail guarantees traceability

Compliance 7

1.8 Versions

tiamo is available in three versions; these differ in the range of functions offered.
An upgrade is possible at any time.

tiamo 1.1 light tiamo 1.1 full tiamo 1.1 multi

Article 6.6056.111 6.6056.112 6.6056.113

Maximum number of instruments per PC 2 unlimited unlimited

Compliant with FDA 21 CFR Part 11

User administration

Security policies

Audit Trail

Client-server support

Number of licenses 1 1 3

Additional licenses (optional)

XML data export to LIMS

Parallel titrations

Upgrade available

z z z

z z

z z

z z

z z

z

z

z z

z z

1.9 Online Help

Help call

tiamo contains an extensive and detailed online help that can be called in two dif­ferent ways:

• General call

With the menu item
opens with the subject Welcome. From there you can jump to desired
subject via

• Context-sensitive call

By pressing the key [F1] on the keypad the online help opens directly
with the subject showing information about the activated element (dia­log window, tab).

Content, Index or Search.

Help, tiamo Help or the icon the online help

8 Introduction

1.10 What's new in tiamo 1.1?

New devices

• 842 Titrando

• 855 Robotic Titrosampler

New commands

•

STAT pH

STAT Titration with pH electrodes (measuring quantity pH).

STAT U

•

STAT Titration with metal electrodes (measuring quantity U).

STDADD man

•

Standard addition with manual addition of the standard addition solu­tion.

STDADD dos

•

Standard addition with addition of the standard addition solution from
a dosing device.

STDADD auto

•

Standard addition with automatic addition of the standard addition so­lution from a dosing device in such a way that a constant potential dif­ference results.

DOS pH

•

Controlled dosing with measurement quantity pH.

DOS U

•

Controlled dosing with measurement quantity U.

New features in the Workplace program part

Sample size and/or Unit are entered or imported in an opened Sam-

• If
ple table on the
ble on the

Single determinations tab or in the working sample ta-

Determination series tab then in addition the time of data in-

put and the data source will be saved automatically. This data is
stored together with the determination and shown in the subwindow

Information under Sample/Sample data as Input date and Data source.

• If a command is canceled manually or the method is stopped manu­ally then the data of the incompletely carried out command will be
newly saved in the database.

• In the Report window the name of the
to

Latest report.

• In Manual operation the filling of exchange and dosing units is now
also possible for Titrinos.

New features in the Database program part

• If sample data are altered live in the run window on the

tab or in the working sample table on the Determination series

nations

tab then these alterations will not only be recorded in the Audit Trail,
but also saved in the determination as messages.

• The appearance of the dialog window
tered.

• In methods containing the command
curves are shown in the

Calibration curve window.

Current report tab will be altered

Single determi-

Edit filter conditions has been al-

STDADD the standard addition

What's new in tiamo 1.1? 9

New features in the Method program part

• The command

ADD can now also be carried out with a Tandem dosing

device.

• Introduction of new Command variables:

.RES, .VAR

.

.CYL, .RE, .MRT, .MRS, .MRC,

New features in the

• The

• The

Security settings can be printed out.

User administration data can be printed out.

• In the dialog window
tab has been replaced by the
client is additionally shown (active, inactive).

• Metrohm USB devices can now be initialized with the menu item

.

tialize

• For Metrohm RS232 devices the

• For 778, 789, 814, 815 and 855 Sample Changers the

tance between the rotary axis of the sample rack and rotary axis of the
robotic arm) is no longer entered in the dialog window

figuration

• For Sartorius balances you can now enter whether the balance has a

Data storage under legal control feature or not.

Configuration program part

Program administration the Computer identification

Clients tab, on which the status of the

Ini-

Baud rate can now be adjusted.

Axis offset (dis-

Robotic arm con-

, but on the Tower# tab.

10 Introduction

Chapter 2 General program

functions

2.1 Program parts

tiamo has four different program parts which can be opened by clicking on the
corresponding symbol in the vertical bar at the left-hand margin. The symbole for
the program part opened is shown in color, the symbols for the other program
parts in black and white. The menues, toolbars, and the content of the main win­dow depend on the program part opened.

Program part Workplace

• Open/close workplaces

• Start single determinations and determination series

• Sample tables

• Manual operation of instruments

Program part Database

• Open/close databases

• Database manager

• Reprocessing

• Creation of report templates

Program part Method

• Open/close existing methods

• Create new methods

• Method manager

Program part Configuration

• Configuration of instruments, solutions, sensors, com­mon variables, and rack data

• Security settings

• User administration

• Program administration

• Audit Trail

Note
The access to the different program parts can be switched off in the User ad­ministration. In this case, the corresponding symbols will be hidden.

Program parts 11

2.2 Login/Password protection

2.2.1 General

Login in tiamo

tiamo can be configured so that all users must log in with User name and Pass­word; these entries are then checked automatically. A requirement for this is that

a User administration has been set up and the corresponding Security settings
have been made. This data is stored in the configuration database. In client/server
systems this is found on the server and applies globally for all clients (central user
administration).

FDA-conform settings

If FDA-conform work is to be carried out then the settings on the tab
Login/Password protection in the dialog window
11 must be switched on with the button
observed:

• Each time that the program is started a Login with user name and
password is required.

• Password administration takes place in tiamo.

• User names must be unambiguous. Once users have been entered

they cannot be deleted.

• Passwords must be unambiguous for each user. No password that
has been used once by the user and has expired may be reused.

• Passwords must have a minimum number of characters.

• Passwords must have a defined Validity period after which they must

be changed.

• The number of incorrect attempts for entering the password is lim-
ited. If this number is exceeded then the user is automatically given
the status

inactive.

[Set]. The following conditions are then

Security settings as per 21 CFR

Actions

If login is switched on then the following actions can be carried out:

• Login at program start

• Manual logout

• Automatic logout

• Change password

12 General program functions

2.2.2 Login

If the two options Enforce login with user name and Enforce login with password are
switched on in the Security settings then each time the program is started and
each time a user is logged out the dialog window

User

Entry of the short name of the user.

Password

Entry of the password.

Note
A user who is logging in for the first time or whose status has been reset from

active

or
ministrator. The window
word to be entered.

removed

to

Login will appear.

active

must log in with the Start password issued by the ad-

Change password

then opens automatically for the pass-

in-

Opens the window Change password in which the new password must be
entered and confirmed.

The login is cancelled, the program is closed.

2.2.3 Manual logout

A logged-in user can log out at any time with the menu item File, User, Logout. The
logout options defined in the Security settings apply. After the logout process has
finished the

Login window opens in which a new user can log in.

2.2.4 Automatic logout

If automatic logout is switched on in the Security settings then the user will be
logged out automatically if the mouse and keyboard are not used within the de­fined time. When this time has expired the
same user can log in again.

Login window opens in which only the

Note
Users with Administrator can always log in, an Emergency stop is also possible.

Login/Password protection 13

2.2.5 Change password

This button in the dialog window Login opens the Change password window
in which the new password must be entered and confirmed.

Note
It is essential that the password is changed before the Validity period (see Secu­rity settings - Login/Password protection) of the password expires. This window
will open automatically for a user who is logging in for the first time or whose
status has been reset from
Start password. For
must be entered.

Old password

Entry of the previous password.

New password

24 characters

Entry of the new password. The Password options are defined in the secu­rity settings on the register card

Confirm password

24 characters

Confirms the new password.

Old password

inactive

or

removed

to

active

after logging in with the

the Start password issued by the Administrator

Login/Password protection.

14 General program functions

2.3 Electronic signatures

2.3.1 Rules

In tiamo methods and determinations can be electronically signed at two levels.
The following rules apply:

• Signature levels

Methods and determinations can be signed at two levels (Signature
Level 1 and Signature Level 2) by entering the user name and pass­word.

• Multiple signing

Methods and determinations can be signed several times at each
level. All the signatures are saved and documented in the Audit Trail.

• Sign at Level 1

If Level 2 has been signed then no more signatures are possible at
Level 1.

• Sign at Level 2

Level 2 can only be signed when signatures already exist at Level 1.

• Different users

The same user can only sign at either Level 1 or Level 2.

• Reason and note

Each signature must be accompanied by a reason selected from pre­defined default reasons. A further comment can be entered addition­ally.

• Saved data

The signature date, user name, full name, reason and note are saved
for each signature.

• Deleting Level 1 signatures

Signatures at Level 1 are automatically deleted when a new version is
generated.

• Deleting Level 2 signatures

Signatures at Level 2 can only be deleted by users who have the ap­propriate rights.

• Signing methods

Methods can always only be signed individually.

• Signature options

The options for electronic signatures are set on the tab Signatures in
the dialog window

Security settings.

2.3.2 Procedure

With respect to their signatures, methods and determinations can have one of the
following three statuses (see flow diagram):

• Not signed

Methods and determinations that have not been signed can be edited
and deleted; a new version is generated for each alteration.

• Signed (1)

When methods and determinations are signed at Level 1 no new ver­sions are generated. If methods and determinations signed at Level 1
are edited then a new version is generated that contains no signa­tures. Methods and determinations signed at Level 1 can be deleted.

Electronic signatures 15

• Signed (2)

When methods and determinations are signed at Level 2 no new ver­sions are generated. Methods and determinations signed at Level 2
can neither be edited nor deleted. However, it is possible to delete
Level 2 signatures while retaining the Level 1 signatures.

2.3.3 Signature Level 1

In the Signature Level 1 window methods or determinations can be signed at Level

1.

Note
Methods or determinations that have been signed at Level 1 can be edited and
deleted. If the edited method or determination is saved as a new version then all
the existing signatures will be deleted automatically, i.e. the method or determi­nation must be signed again.

Info

Information about signatures and the deletion of signatures is shown in this
field. The following messages are possible:

Signature possible

The selected method or determination can be signed.

Signature 1 not possible (signature 2 exists)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed at Level 1 as it has
already been signed at Level 2.

Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed as it has already
been marked for signature by another client.

16 General program functions

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Password

Entry of the password.

Reason

Selection from standard reasons

Selection from the Default reasons defined in the dialog window

settings

Comment

1000 characters

for the category Signature Level 1.

Entry of remarks about the signature.

Signs for method or determination. The window remains open.

Note
Methods and determinations can only be signed at Level 1 when the user be­longs to a user group that has the appropriate rights (see User administra­tion/User group/Signatures).

2.3.4 Signature Level 2

Security

In the Signature Level 2 methods or determinations can be signed at Level 2.

Note
Methods or determinations that have been signed at Level 2 are blocked, i.e.
they can neither be edited nor deleted. In order to be able to edit such methods
or determinations again the signatures at Level 2 must first be deleted (see De­lete Level 2 signatures).

Info

Information about signatures and the deletion of signatures is shown in this
field. The following messages are possible:

Signature possible

The selected method or determination can be signed.

Signature 2 not possible (signature 1 missing)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed at Level 2 as it has
not yet been signed at Level 1.

Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed as it has already
been marked for signature by another client.

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Password

Entry of the password.

Electronic signatures 17

Reason

Selection from standard reasons

Selection from the Default reasons defined in the dialog window

settings

Comment

1000 characters

for the category Signature Level 2.

Entry of remarks about the signature.

Signs for method or determination. The window remains open.

Note
Methods and determinations can only be signed at Level 2 when the user be­longs to a user group that has the appropriate rights (see User administra­tion/User group/Signatures).

2.3.5 Delete Level 2 signatures

In the Delete Level 2 signatures window all the signatures at Level 2 for the selected
method or determination can be deleted.

Security

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Password

Entry of the password.

Delete Level 2 signatures 2.

Note
Level 2 signatures can only be deleted when the user belongs to a user group
that has the appropriate rights (see User administration/User group/Signatures).

18 General program functions

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.1 Overview

The Formula editor is used for support in entering formulas for calculating the re­sult. It has an automatic Syntax check that is triggered when the formula is
adopted. The usual Rules of priority apply for computer operations (see Operator
functions - Overview).

The dialog window Formula editor contains the following items:

• Input field

Etry of the calculation formula.

• Function keys

Buttons for the quick input of operators and brackets.

• Variables

Selection from the variables available for the calculation formula.

• Operators/Functions

Selection from the operators and functions available for the calculation
formula.

• Description

Describes the selected variables, operators or functions.

2.4.2 Input field

In the Input field of the formula editor the Calculation formula is entered. The fol­lowing possibilities exist for making entries:

Entry via keyboard

• Numbers

Numbers and mathematical functions can be entered directly via the
keyboard.

Formula editor 19

• Text

Text must be introduced and terminated with inverted commas

"My text").

• Variables

Variables must be introduced and terminated with an inverted comma

' (e.g. 'MV.MyVariable').

• Time

Time information must always be entered by using the function
Time().

Entries using the function keys

Mathematical operators and brackets can be easily inserted in the formula
with the corresponding buttons. A space is inserted automatically before
and after the character.

" (e.g.

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division

Exponentiation

Equal to

Larger than

Smaller than

Unequal

Smaller than
or equal to

Larger than or
equal to

Input via selection

The item selected in the fields

formula with a double-click or

2.4.3 Arithmetic algorithms

Number format

The standard IEEE 754 (1985) for binary floating-point arithmetic has been
implemented in the software as "double precision" (64Bit).

Logical AND

Logical OR

Round brackets

Curly brackets e.g. for end point defini­tion (e.g.

Undo last action

Restore last action

Variables or Operators can be entered in the

'DET pH 1.EP{1}.VOL')

.

Rounding method

Measured values and results are displayed rounded, depending on user
settings. For that purpose, arithmetic rounding is carried out according to a
method known as "Banker's rounding" (rounding towrds the nearest evan
number). With this method,

9

always rounded up. 5 is always rounded towards the even neighbor, so it

1, 2, 3, 4 are always rounded down and 6, 7, 8,

is rounded down if the neigbor is even (incl. 0) and rounded up if it is odd.
Examples

2.33 gets 2.3

2.35 gets 2.4

2.45 gets 2.4

20 General program functions

Statistics

2.47 gets 2.5

2.53 gets 2.5

2.55 gets 2.6

-2.35 gets -2.4

-2.45 gets -2.4

The following formulae are used for calculation of the arithmetic mean value
as well as the absolute and relative standard deviation for results R:

Mean value

Absolute standard addition

Relative standard addition (in %)

The statistical calculations in the software have been implemented in such
a way that they are as revisable as possible for the user. This is why the in­dividual values used in the statistics are in full precision form.

It is not the number of decimal places which is decisive for the accuracy of
the calculations, but rather the number of significant digits of the decimal
numbers displayed. As a result of the binary 64-bit number format imple­mented on the basis of the IEEE 754 standard, the decimal numbers which
are produced have 15 reliable significant decimal digits.

You can influence the number of significant digits by selecting the unit and
the number of decimal places. As the results unit to be set sometimes con­tains both the prefix "milli" and the physical unit itself, the number of signifi­cant digits is altered accordingly in such a case by three digits.

Examples
The displayed result

1234.56789158763 mg/L has 15 reliable digits. It is to

be rounded to three decimal places according to the rounding method
given above:

1234.568 mg/L (7 significant digits, 3 of which are decimal places)

With the unit "

g/L" the same result 1.23456789158763 g/L is also rounded to

three decimal places:

1.235 g/L (4 significant digits, 3 of which are decimal places)

The number of significant digits has now been reduced by three to four dig­its by omitting the prefix "milli".

Note
The losses of accuracy by rounding described above in the range of the maxi­mum reliable digits are only of theoretical relevance. Most of the time they are
lower by several orders of magnitude than – as an example – the uncertainties
resulting from weighing out the sample.

Formula editor 21

2.4.4 Variables

Overview

Variable types

The following types of variable are differentiated:

Name/Syntax Description

Method variables

'MV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Command variables

'Command name.Variable identifier'

Result variables

'RS.Result name.Variable identifier'

Determination variables

'DV.Variable identifier'

System variables

'SV.Variable identifier'

Common variables

'CV.Variable name.Variable identifiere'

Method variables are variables that are defined in the
command.

Command variables are variables that are generated by the
individual commands in the method sequence. The com­mand variables are shown in the order in which the com­mands are carried out in the method sequence.

Result variables are special command variables that are
generated by
own name.

Determination variables are general variables and cannot be
assigned to individual commands.

System variables are general variables and cannot be as­signed to individual commands or determinations.

Common variables are method-independent variables that
are accepted from the table in the configuration at the start
of the determination (see Configuration - common vari­ables).

START

CALC commands and are available under their

Entering variables

Variables must always be entered enclosed by inverted commas

'MV.MyVariable').

Note
When using variables it is essential that their data type (

Date/Time

) is taken into account.

Number, Text

Method variables

Method variables are variables that are defined in the START command of meth­ods. The data type (
there. These variables can be either sample data variables (

size unit

, Sample position, ID1...ID8, appear in the Run window of the Workplace) or

are assigned values. In the

available for the current method are listed according to their sorted com-

ables

mand name.

Syntax

'MV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Examples:
In order to avoid syntax errors the method variables can be selected di-

rectly in the Formula editor under

Text, Number, Date/Time) of the variables can also be adapted

Sample size, Sample

Variables field of the Formula editor all the Method vari-

'MV.TestDate', 'MV.RestTime.VAL', 'MV.TestValue.OVF'

Variables/Method variables.

' (e.g.

or

22 General program functions

Method variables

Identifier Description Commands

.VAL

.OVF

Result value (facultative, i.e.

'RS.RS01.VAL') (Text, Number or Date/Time)

Limit infringement for method variable

Number: 1 = limit infringed, 0 = limit

(

'RS.RS01' =

START

START

not infringed)

In the following lines you will find the method variables (sample data) that are available as standard,
appear in the Sequence window and which can be edited and deleted in the START command of the
corresponding method.

Sample size.VAL

Sample size.OVF

Sample size unit.VAL

Sample size unit.OVF

Sample position.VAL

Sample position.OVF

ID1 (...3).VAL

ID1 (...3).OVF

Value of 'Sample size' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample size' (

)

ber

Value of 'Sample size unit' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample size unit'

Number)

(

Value of 'Sample position' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample position'

Number)

(

Value of 'ID1...3' (

Limit infringement for 'ID...3' (

Number) START

Num-

Text) START

START

START

Number) START

START

Text) START

Number) START

Command variables

The availability of the command variables depends on the commands used in the
methods. Command variables also include solution and sensor variables, which
at the start of the determination are automatically adopted for the device­dependent commands from the corresponding tables in the Configuration and
assigned to the individual commands. In the
all the

Command variables that are available for the current method are listed ac-

cording to their sorted command name.

Syntax

'Command name.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'DET U 3.SME', 'Spur 6.BSY', 'Liquid Handling 4.CONC'

In order to avoid syntax errors the command variables can be selected di­rectly in the Formula editor under

Command variables

Unless otherwise indicated, all the variables listed here in alphabetic order
are of the type

Number.

Note
For variables with index

.EP{3}.ERC

for the third end point).

{x}

the desired number

Without index specification, the last index is used automatically (e.g.
the last end point).

Variables field of the Formula editor

Variables/Command variables.

1...9

must be entered for x (e.g.

.EP.ERC

for

Formula editor 23

Identifier Description Commands

.BLV

Blank value of the sensor used for the command (for
ISE sensors only) or the blank value calculated during
calibration (for CAL LOOP Conc)

DET U, MET U, SET U,
STAT U, MEAS U, MEAS
Conc, CAL LOOP Conc,
DOS U

.BP{#}.DME

.BP{#}.ERC

.BP{#}.MEA

.BP{#}.TEM

Difference in measured values for break point # (1...9) MET

ERC or 1st derivative for break point # (1...9) DET

Measured value for break point # (1...9) in the units of
the measured value

DET, MET, MEAS (with­out T/Flow)

Temperature for break point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET, MEAS (with-

out T/Flow)

.BP{#}.TIM

Time for break point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, MEAS (with-

out T/Flow)

.BP{#}.VOL

.BSY

Volume at break point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET

Command status; 1 = BUSY, HOLD or ERROR;
0 = READY; invalid (variable not present) = Com-

All except START and
END

mand has never been started

.CBY

Command status; 1 = conditioning active,

SET, KFT, KFC

0 = conditioning not active

.COK

Command status; 1 = conditioning criterion ful-

SET, KFT, KFC

filled, 0 = conditioning criterion not fulfilled

.CONC

Concentration of the solution used for the command DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT, ADD, DOS, LQH,
STDADD

.CYL

Cylinder volume of the exchange or dosing unit used
for the command

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT, STDADD dos,
STDADD auto, ADD,
DOS, LQH, PREP,
EMPTY

.DBL

Total duration for processing the command in s DET, MET, SET, KFT,

KFC, STAT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS, STDADD, DOS

.DRI

.DSC

Current or last drift for drift correction in µL/min SET, KFT, KFC

Duration for processing all start conditions in s DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT

.DTI

Time for the drift correction (time from start of titration

SET, KFT, KFC

until end of command) in s

.EGF

Last measured gas flow (measured value after proc-

MEAS T/FLow

essing the command) in mL/min

.EME

Final measured value (measured value after process­ing the command) in the units of the measured value

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
KFC, STAT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS, STDADD, DOS

.ENP

Electrode zero point of the sensor used for the com­mand (dimensionless for pH sensor or in mV for ISE
sensor) or the electrode zero point calculated from the
calibration (for CAL LOOP)

DET pH, DET U, MET
pH, MET U, SET pH,
SET U, STAT, MEAS pH,
MEAS U, MEAS T, MEAS
Conc, STDADD, CAL
LOOP, DOS

.EP{#}.DME

Difference in measured values for end point # (1...9) MET

24 General program functions

Identifier Description Commands

.EP.DVT

.EP{#}.ERC

.EP.MEA

.EP{#}.MEA

Drift for the end point in µg/min KFC

ERC for the end point # (1...9) DET

Measured value for the end point in mV KFC

Measured value for the end point # (1...9) in the units

DET, MET, SET, KFT

of the measured value

.EP{#}.MEP

Number of end points in the window # (1...9); 1 = 1

DET, MET, SET, KFT

end point, 2 = 2 or more end points, 3 = EP cor­rected with auto drift, 4 = EP corrected with man­ual drift

.EP.QTY

.EP{#}.TEM

.EP{#}.TIM

Measured value (water) for the end point in µg KFC

Temperature for end point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET. SET, KFT

Time for reaching end point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, SET, KFT,

KFC

.EP{#}.VOL

.ETE

Volume for end point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT

Final temperature (temperature after processing the
command) in °C

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
KFC, STAT, MEAS (with­out T/Flow), CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

.EVT

.FIN

Final volume (total volume added at the end of the
command) in mL

Command status; 1 = command has been finished
at least once, 0, invalid (variable not present) =

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT, DOS

All except START and
END

command has never been finished

.FP{#}.DME

Difference in measured values for fixed end point #

MET

(1...9)

.FP{#}.DVT

.FP{#}.ERC

.FP{#}.MEA

Drift for fixed end point # (1...9) in µg/min KFC

ERC for fixed end point # (1...9) DET

Measured value for fixed end point # (1...9) in mV DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT

.FP{#}.MEA

.FP{#}.QTY

Measured value for fixed end point # (1...9) in the units
of the measured value

Measured value (water) for fixed end point # (1...9) in

KFC, MEAS (without
T/Flow)

KFC

µg

.FP{#}.TEM

Temperature for fixed end point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT, MEAS (without
T/Flow)

.FP{#}.TIM

Time for reaching fixed end point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, SET, KFT,

KFC, STAT, MEAS (with­out T/Flow)

.FP{#}.VOL

Volume for fixed end point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT

.HP{#}.MEA

Measured value for HNP # (1...9) in mV (HNP = half-

DET, MET

neutralization potential)

.HP{#}.TEM

.HP{#}.TIM

.HP{#}.VOL

Temperature for HNP # (1...9) in °C DET, MET

Time for reaching HNP # (1...9) in s DET, MET

Volume for HNP # (1...9) in mL DET, MET

Formula editor 25

Identifier Description Commands

.IGF

Initial gas flow (measured value at start of command)

MEAS T/Flow

in mL/min

.IME

.ITE

Initial measured value (measured value before proc­essing the start condition) in the units of the measured
value

Initial temperature (temperature before processing the
start conditions) in °C

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS, STDADD, DOS

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT, MEAS (without
T/Flow), CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

.LCO

Loop counter = current number of completed loops

LOOP, CAL LOOP

both for Repeat and While loops

.LP.CAx

Calculated value x (1...3) for the last measuring point DET, MET, SET, KFT,

KFC, STAT, MEAS, DOS

.LP.CHA

.LP.DME

.LP.DVT

.LP.ERC

.LP.EXx

Charge for last measuring point in mA·s KFC

Difference in measured values for last measuring point MET

dV/dt for the last measuring point (SET, KFT, STAT,
DOS) or drift for last measuring point in µg/min (KFC)

SET, KFT, KFC, STAT,
DOS

ERC for last measuring point DET

External value x (1...3) for last measuring point DET, MET, SET, KFT,

KFC, STAT, MEAS, DOS

.LP.GFL

.LP.IGE

.LP.MEA

Gas flow value for last measuring point in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Current pulse current for last measuring point in mA KFC

Measured value for last measuring point in the units of
the measured value

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
KFC, STAT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS, DOS

.LP.QTY

.LP.TEM

Measured value (water) for last measuring point in µg KFC

Temperature for last measuring point in °C DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS, DOS

.LP.TIM

Time for reaching last measuring point in s DET, MET, SET, KFT,

KFC, STAT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS, DOS

.LP.UGE

Potential at generator electrode for last measuring

KFC

point; 0 = not defined, 1 = <14 V, 2 = 14...28 V,
3 = >28 V

.LP.VOL

Volume for last measuring point in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT, DOS

.LPO

Current absolute lift position in mm (entry at end of

LIFT

command)

.LST

.MA.GFL

.MA.MEA

.MA.TEM

Start time of loop command (

Maximum gas flow in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Maximum measured value in the units of the measured
value

Temperature for maximum measured value in °C DET, MET, SET, KFT,

Date/Time) LOOP, CAL LOOP

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT, MEAS

STAT, MEAS

.MA.TIM

Time for reaching the maximum measured value in s DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT, MEAS

26 General program functions

Identifier Description Commands

.MA.VOL

Volume for maximum measured value in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT

.MI.GFL

.MI.MEA

.MI.TEM

Minimum gas flow in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Minimum measured value in the units of the measured
value

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT, MEAS

Temperature for minimum measured value in °C DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT, MEAS

.MI.TIM

Time for minimum measured value in s DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT, MEAS

.MI.VOL

Volume for minimum measured value in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT

.MR.MRC

Correlation coefficient for mean dosing rate for whole

STAT, DOS

range

.MR.MRS

Standard deviation für mean dosing rate for whole

STAT, DOS

range in mL/min

.MR.MRT

.MTE

Mean dosing rate for whole range in mL/min STAT, DOS

Temperature measurement with sensor; 1 = on,
0 = off)

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT, MEAS (without
T/Flow), CAL MEAS,
STDADD, DOS

.NMP

Number of measuring points in list of measuring points DET, MET, SET, KFT,

KFC, STAT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS, DOS

.RAN

Current absolute shift angle of the rack in ° referred to

MOVE
the axis of the selected tower (entry at end of com­mand)

.RE{x}.DRC

Correlation coefficient for mean dosing rate in window

STAT
x (1...9)

.RE{x}.DRS

Standard deviation for mean dosing rate in window x

STAT
(1...9) in mL/min

.RE{x}.DRT

.RE{x}.RWL

.RE{x}.RWH

.RES

.RPO

Mean dosing rate in window x (1...9) in mL/min STAT

Lower limit of evaluation window x (1...9) in s STAT

Upper limit of evaluation window x (1...9) in s STAT

Calculated result for standard addition in selected unit STDADD

Current rack position (entry at end of command);

MOVE
0 means 'not defined'

.SAN

Current absolute swing angle of the swing head in °

MOVE, SWING
(entry at end of command)

.SLO

Electrode slope of the sensor used for the command
(in % for pH sensor or mV for ISE sensor) or the elec­trode slope calculated from the calibration (for
STDADD and CAL LOOP)

DET pH, DET U, MET

pH, MET U, SET pH,

SET U, STAT, MEAS pH,

MEAS U, MEAS T, MEAS

Conc, STDADD, CAL

LOOP, DOS

.SME

Starting measured value (measured value after proc­essing the start conditions) in the units of the meas-

DET, MET, SET, KFT,

KFC, STAT
ured value

Formula editor 27

Identifier Description Commands

.SPO

Current external position (entry at end of command);

SWING

0 means invalid position

.STE

.STY

Start temperature (temperature after processing the
start conditions) in °C

Stop type with which the command has been stopped:
1 = normal;0 = manual or after error

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
KFC, STAT

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS, STDADD, DOS

.SVA

.SVM

Start volume absolute (volume added in accordance
with the start condition "Start volume") in mL

Start volume measured value (volume added in accor-

DET, MET, SET, KFT,
STAT

DET, MET
dance with the start condition "Start measured value")
in mL

.SVS

Start volume measured value (volume added in accor-

DET, MET
dance with the start condition "Start slope") in mL

.SVT

.TITER

Start volume total (volume added in accordance with
all three start conditions) in mL

DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT

Titer value for the solution used for the command DET, MET, SET, KFT,

STAT, STDADD dos,

STDADD auto, ADD,

DOS, LQH

.TOU

.VAR

Timeout status: 1 = max. delay period elapsed;
0 = max. delay period not elapsed

Variance of the calculated standard addition result in

RECEIVE, TRANSFER;

SCAN

STDADD
selected unit

.VOL

Added volume STDADD, ADD, DOS,

LQH

28 General program functions

Result variables

Result variables are special command variables that are generated by CALC com-

. In the Variables field of the Formula editor all the Results that are available

mands

for the current method are listed according to their result name.

Syntax

'RS.Result name.Variable identifier'

Examples:
In order to avoid syntax errors the result variables can be selected directly

in the Formula editor under

Result variables

Unless otherwise indicated, all the variables listed here in alphabetic order are of
the type

Number.

Identifier Description Command

.VAL

.ASD

.MNV

.NSR

.NST

.OVF

Result value, facultative, i.e.

Absolute standard deviation for the result CALC

Mean value of the result CALC

Statistics current counter for the result CALC

Statistics set counter for the result CALC

Limit infringement for result; 1 = limit infringed, 0 = limit not in-
fringed

.RSD

.STS

.UNI

Relative standard deviation for result CALC

Statistics status for result; 1 = statistics on, 0 = statistics off CALC

Result unit (

Text) CALC

'RS.RS01.VAL' (='RS.RS01'), 'RS.TestTime.UNI'

Variables/Results.

'RS.RS01' = 'RS.RS01.VAL' CALC

CALC

Determination variables

Determination variables are variables which are assigned generally and not to in­dividual commands that are generated in the method sequence. In the
field of the Formula editor all the
method are listed according to their sorted name.

Syntax

'DV.Variable identifier'

Examples:
In order to avoid syntax errors the determination variables can be selected

directly in the Formula editor under

Determination variables

Identifier Description

.DUR

.STT

Duration of the determination in s (

Time at which the determination was started (

Variables

Determination variables available for the current

'DV.DUR', 'DV.STT'

Variables/Determination variables.

Number)

Time/Date)

Formula editor 29

System variables

System variables are general variables that are not assigned to individual com­mands or determinations that are accepted for the determination at the start of the
determination. In the
that are available for the current method are listed.

Syntax

'SV.Variable identifier'

Examples:
In order to avoid syntax errors the system variables can be selected directly

in the Formula editor under

System variables

Identifier Description

.ACC

.ACE

.FUN

.REM

.RUN

.SEN

.SIN

.SLI

.STA

.STC

.USN

.ORG

.STO

Autostart current counter (

Autostart set counter (

Full name of logged-in user (

Remarks (

Text)

Sample number (

Indicates whether the end of the sample table has been reached; 1 = yes, 0 =

Number)

no (

Indicates whether the determination was started as a single determination or within
a series; 1 = single determination, 0 = series determination (

Sample table current line (

Indicates whether statistics are switched on; 1 = yes, 0 = no (

Start counter (

Short name of logged-in user (

Method sequence: 1 = original determination, 0 = reprocessed (

Indicates whether the determination was stopped (manual stop, stop via a SEND
command, emergency stop); 1 = stopped, 0 = terminated normally (

Variables field of the Formula editor all the System variables

'SV.SIN', 'SV.SLI'

Variables/System variables.

Number)

Number)

Text)

Number)

Number)

Number)

Number)

Number)

Text)

Number)

Number)

Common variables

Common variables are global variables that are loaded from the corresponding
Table in the configuration at the start of the determination. In this table the com­mon variables can be defined. In the

Common variables that are available are listed according to their sorted variable

Variables field of the Formula editor all the

name.

Syntax

'CV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'CV.TestDate', 'CV.TestTime.VAL', 'CV.MeanTemp.UNI'

In order to avoid syntax errors the common variables can be selected di­rectly in the Formula editor under

Variables/Common Variables.

30 General program functions

Common variables

Identifier Description

.VAL

.UNI

Value of the common variable (facultative, i.e.

or Date/Time)

ber

Unit of the common variable (

Text)

2.4.5 Operators/Functions

Overview of operators and functions

Operators Functions Miscellaneous

'CV.Test.VAL' = 'CV.Test') (Text, Num-

Arithmetic:

Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
Potentiation (^)

Logic:

AND
OR

Compare:

Equal (=)
Larger than (>)
Larger than/equal

to (>=)
Smaller than (<)
Smaller

than/equal to

(<=)
Unequal (<>)

Arithmetic:

Exponential function (Exp)
Natural logarithm (Ln)
Common logarithm (Log)
Square root (Sqrt)
Absolute value (Abs)
Fraction (Frac)
Integer (Int)
Round integer (Round)
Sign (sign)

Date/Time:

Time()
Time(Date)
Time(Date + Time)

Type conversion:

Number to text (NumberTo-

Text)

Number to time (NumberTo-

Time)

Text to number (TextToNum-

ber)
Text to time (TextToTime)
Time to number (TimeTo-

Number)
Time to text (TimeToText)

Text:

TextPosition
SubText
Trim

Error
Case

Formula editor 31

Rules of priority for operators

The operators are processed in the sequence in which they are listed in the follow­ing table. It may be necessary to set operands in brackets to get the desired se­quence.

Operators

Arithmetic

^

*, /

+, -

Compare <, <=, >, >=

Logic AND, OR

Operators - Arithmetic

Addition

Syntax

Operand1 + Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Examples

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Both operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

1.2 + 3 = 4.2

"Metrohm" + "AG" = "Metrohm
AG"

-

If the maximum permitted
length (65'536 characters) of
the character string is ex­ceeded by the addition of the
operands then the excess
characters will be cut off by

nd

the 2

operand.

Time Time Time

Time(1998;04;06) +
Time(1964;02;03) = 59300.875

(for UTC+1)

Time(): see function

Time(Date)
Result: number of days calcu-

lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

1.2 + "Metrohm" =
"1.2Metrohm"

"Metrohm" + 1.2 =
"Metrohm1.2"

-

-

32 General program functions

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Number Time Number

2.0 + Time(1999;11;7) =

36472.96

(for UTC+1)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) + 2.0 =

36441.92

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" + Time(1999;10;7) =
"Metrohm1999-10-07 00:00:00
UTC+2"

Time(1999;01;7) + "Metrohm" =
"1999-01-07 00:00:00
UTC+1Metrohm"

Before the operation an oper­and of type
verted to

Date/Time is con-

Text.

In this case the same rules
apply as for the previous op­eration.

Subtraction

Syntax

Operand1 - Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Both operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Number

1.2 - 3 = -1.8

"Metrohm" - "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;01;06) ­Time(1964;12;03) = 12'087.00

(for UTC+1)

-

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function

Time(Date)
Result: number of days calcu-

lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

1.2 - "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" - 1.2 = invalid

2.0 - Time(1999;10;7) = ­36'437.917

(for UTC+2)

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) - 2.5 =
36'437.917

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" - Time(1999;10;7) =
invalid

Time(1999;10;7) - "Metrohm" =
invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Formula editor 33

Multiplication

Syntax

Operand1 * Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Number

1.2 * 3 = 3.6

"Metrohm" * "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;05;06) *
Time(1902;02;03) =

27'478'004.545

(for UTC+1 or

+2 for Summer time)

-

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function

Time(Date)
Result: number of days calcu-

lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

2 * "Metrohm" = "Metrohm­Metrohm"

"Metrohm" * 2 = "Metrohm­Metrohm"

2.0 * Time(1999;10;7) =
72'879.833

(for UTC+2)

-

-

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) * 2.0 =
72'879.833

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" * Time(1999;10;7) =
invalid

Time(1999;10;7) * "Metrohm" =
invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

34 General program functions

Division

Syntax

Operand1 / Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Time

1.2 / 3 = 0.4

"Metrohm" / "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;04;06) /
Time(1964;02;03) = 1.533

UTC+1 or +2 for Summer
time)

(for

Operand2 must not be zero!

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function

Time(Date)
Result: number of days calcu-

lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

1.2 / "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" / 1.2 = ungültig

10'000 / Time(1999;10;7) =

0.274

(for UTC+2)

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;02;17) / 10'000 =

3.621

(for UTC+1)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" / Time(1999;10;7) =
invalid

Time(1999;10;7) / "Metrohm" =
invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Formula editor 35

Potentiation

Syntax

Operand1 ^ Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

1.2 ^ 3 = 1.728

Complex results (of the type:
a+bi, i.e. made up from a real
and an imaginary component)
are shown as an error.

Text Text Text

Time Time Time

"Metrohm" ^ "AG" = invalid

Time(1900;01;05) ^
Time(1900;01;02) = 196.371

(for UTC+1)

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

1.2 ^ "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" ^ 1.2 = invalid

1.2 ^ Time(1900;02;03) =

586.198

Time(1999;10;7) ^ 2.5 =

253479847878.04

"Metrohm" ^ Time(1999;10;7)
= invalid

Time(1999;10;7) ^ "Metrohm"
= invalid

(for UTC+1)

(for UTC+2)

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

-

-

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

36 General program functions

Operators - Logic

AND

Syntax

Operand1 AND Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Operand1 Operand2 Result

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text Number Number

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false). The following cases are possible:

1 1 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
0 0 0

5 AND 4 --> 1
4 AND 0 --> 0

"Metrohm" AND "AG" --> 1
"" AND "AG" --> 0

Numbers larger than 0 are inter­preted as

1 (true).

An empty character string (
interpreted as
thing else as

0 (false), every-

1 (true). This

means that the first operation

Time(1999;10;07) AND
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

1.2 AND "1.2" --> 1
0 AND "1" --> 1
0 AND "0" --> 1
0 AND "" --> 0

corresponds to

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Before the operation an operand
of the type
to the type
sion from

1 AND 1 --> 1.

Number is converted
Text, as the conver-

Text to Number makes

no sense. This means that in the

nd

2

operation the 0 is converted

to

"0", which corresponds to the

logical value

1 (true) as every

non-empty character string is
interpreted as 1.

"Metrohm" AND 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for
the previous operation.

2.0 AND Time(1999;10;7) -->
1

0 AND Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the operation an operand
of the type
verted to the type

Date/Time is con-

Number; all

dates from 30 December 1899

Time(1999;10;7) AND 2.5 -->
1

are interpreted as

The same rules apply here as for
the previous operation.

1 (true).

"") is

Formula editor 37

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" AND
Time(1999;10;7) --> 1

"" AND Time(1999;10;07) -->
0

Before the operation is carried
out an operand of the type

Date/Time is converted to the

type

Text and each non-empty

character string is interpreted as

1 (true).

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) AND
"Metrohm" --> 1

The same rules apply here as for
the previous operation.

OR

Syntax

Operand1 OR Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false). The following cases are possible:

Operand1 Operand2 Result

1 1 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
0 0 0

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

5 OR 4 --> 1
4 OR 0 --> 0

Numbers larger than 1 are
automatically interpreted as 1
(true).

Text Text Number

"Metrohm" OR "AG" --> 1
"" OR "Metrohm" --> 1
"" OR "" --> 0

An empty character string (
is interpreted as
rything else as

0 (false), eve-

1 (true). This

"")

means that the first operation
corresponds to 1 OR 1 --> 1

Time Time Number

Time(1999;10;07) OR
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function

Time(Date)

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Number

1.2 OR "1.2" --> 1
0 OR "" --> 1

Before the operation an oper­and of the type
verted to the type
conversion from

makes no sense. This

ber

means that in the 2
the 0 is converted to

Number is con-

Text, as the

Text to Num-

nd

operation

"0", which

corresponds to the logical
value

1 (true) as every non-

empty character string is inter­preted as 1.

38 General program functions

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" OR 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 OR Time(1999;10;7) --> 1
0 OR Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Before the operation an oper­and of the type

Date/Time is

converted to the type
all dates from 30 December
1899 are interpreted as
(true).

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) OR 2.5 --> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" OR Time(1999;10;7)

--> 1

Before the operation an oper­and of the type Date/Time is
converted to the type
each non-empty character
string is interpreted as 1 (true).

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) OR "Metrohm"

--> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Number;

1

Text and

Operators - Compare

Equal

Syntax

Operand1 = Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

5 = 5 --> 1
4 = 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" = "AG" --> 0
"aG" = "AG" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two
text the ASCII values (see ASCII
table) of the character strings
are compared. Note: upper
and lower case letters have
different values!

Time(1998;04;06) =
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

1.2 = "1.2" --> 1

1.2 = "Metrohm" --> 0

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Before the comparative opera­tion the Number is converted to

Text and then the texts are

compared according to the
ASCII table.

Formula editor 39

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" = 1.2 --> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 = Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the comparative opera­tion the
to

Date/Time is converted

Number. When the operation

is carried out the exact value
obtained after this conversion
is always used, even when only
a maximum of 5 decimal
places can be shown (for de­tails please refer to Type con­version "TimeToNumber",
Note).

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) = 2.0 --> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" = Time(1999;10;07)

--> 0

Before the operation an oper­and of type
verted to

00:00:00 UTC+2"

Date/Time is con-

Text (i.e.: "1999-10-07

), then the
texts are compared according
to the ASCII table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;07) = "Metrohm"

--> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Larger than

Syntax

Operand1 > Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 > 4 --> 1
4 > 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" > "AG" --> 1
"Aarau" > "Zug" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two
texts the ASCII values (see
ASCII table) of the character
strings are compared. Note:
upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) >
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function Time(Date)

40 General program functions

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 > "Metrohm" --> 0

1.23 > "1.2" --> 1

Before the comparative opera­tion the

Text and then the texts are

Number is converted to

compared according to the
ASCII table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" > 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 > Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the comparison the

Date/Time is converted to a
Number (see Type conversion

"TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;07) > 2.0 --> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" > Time(1999;10;07)

--> 1

Before the operation an oper­and of type
verted to

00:00:00 UTC+2"

Date/Time is con-

Text (i.e.: "1999-10-07

) and then the
texts are compared according
to the ASCII table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) > "Metrohm" -

-> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Larger than or equal to

Syntax

Operand1 >= Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 >= 4 --> 1
4 >= 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" >= "AG" --> 1

-

In a comparison between two
texts the ASCII values (see
ASCII table) of the character
strings are compared. Note:
upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) >=
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Formula editor 41

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 >= "1.2" --> 1

1.2 >= "Metrohm" --> 0

Before the comparative opera­tion the

Text and then the texts are

Number is converted to

compared according to the
ASCII table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" >= 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 >= Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the comparison the

Date/Time is converted to a
Number (see Type conversion

"TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;07) >= 2.0 --> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" >=
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Before the operation an oper­and of type
verted to

00:00:00 UTC+2"

Date/Time is con-

Text (i.e.: "1999-10-07

) and then the
texts are compared according
to the ASCII table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) >= "Metrohm"

--> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Smaller than

Syntax

Operand1 < Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 < 4 --> 0
4 < 5 --> 1

"Metrohm" < "AG" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two
texts the ASCII values (see
ASCII table) of the character
strings are compared. Note:
upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) <
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 < "Metrohm" --> 1

1.2 < "1" --> 0

Before the comparative opera­tion the

Text and then the texts are

Number is converted to

compared according to the

42 General program functions

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

ASCII table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" < 1.2 --> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 < Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Before the comparison the

Date/Time is converted to a
Number (see Type conversion

"TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;07) < 2.0 --> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" < Time(1999;10;07)

--> 0

Before the operation an oper­and of type
verted to

00:00:00 UTC+2"

Date/Time is con-

Text (i.e.: "1999-10-07

) and then the
texts are compared according
to the ASCII table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) < "Metrohm" -

-> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Smaller than or equal to

Syntax

Operand1 <= Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 <= 4 --> 0
4 <= 5 --> 1

"Metrohm" <= "AG" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two
texts the ASCII values (see
ASCII table) of the character
strings are compared. Note:
upper and lower case letters
have different values!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) <=
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

2 <= "1.2" --> 0

1.2 <= "Metrohm" --> 1

Before the comparative opera­tion the

Text and then the texts are

Number is converted to

compared according to the
ASCII table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" <= 1.2 --> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Formula editor 43

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Number Time Number

2.0 <= Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Before the comparison the

Date/Time is converted to a
Number (see Type conversion

"TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;07) <= 2.0 --> 0

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" <=
Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the operation an oper­and of type
verted to

00:00:00 UTC+2"

Date/Time is con-

Text (i.e.: "1999-10-07

) and then the
texts are compared according
to the ASCII table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) <= "Metrohm"

--> 1

The same rules apply here as
for the previous operation.

Unequal

Syntax

Operand1 <> Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

5 <> 4 --> 1
5 <> 5 --> 0

In a comparison between two
texts the ASCII values (see ASCII
table) of the character strings are
compared. Note: upper and lower
case letters have different values!

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

"Metrohm" <> "AG" --> 1

Time(1998;04;06) <>
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

dfg

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 <> "1.2" --> 0

1.2 <> "Metrohm" --> 1

Before the comparative operation
the

Number is converted to Text

and then the texts are compared
according to the ASCII table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" <> 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for
the previous operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 <> Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Before the comparison the

Date/Time is converted to a Num-

(see Type conversion "Time-

ber

ToNumber").

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;07) <> 2.5 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for

44 General program functions

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

the previous operation.

Text Time Number

"Metrohm" <> Time(1999;10;07)

--> 1

Before the operation an operand
of type

Text (i.e.: "1999-10-07 00:00:00
UTC+2"

Date/Time is converted to

) and then the texts are
compared according to the ASCII
table.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) <> "Metrohm" -­> 1

The same rules apply here as for
the previous operation.

Functions - Arithmetic

Exponential function

Syntax

y = exp(number)

Calculates e ^

Number. Another way of writing y = e

exponential (e = 2.71828...).

(number)

, where e is the

Parameter

Number Exponent

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Exp(1.5) = 4.48169
Exp('CV.MeanTemp') = potential of the exponent (Common variable) based

on e

Natural logarithm

Syntax

y = ln(number)

Returns the logarithm of the entered number based on e. Another way of
writing y = log

Parameter

Number >0

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

(Number), where e is the exponential (e = 2.71828...).

e

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Formula editor 45

Examples

Ln(3) = 1.09861
Ln('CV.MeanTemp') = natural logarithm of the value of the Common variable

based on e

Common logarithm

Syntax

y = log(number)

Gives the logarithm of the entered number to the base 10. Another way of
writing y = log

(number).

10

Parameter

Number > 0

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Log(10) = 1
Log('CV.MeanTemp') = common logarithm of the value of the Common vari-

able

Square root

Syntax

y = sqrt(Number)

Returns the square root of the entered number. Another way of writing y =

√

Parameter

Number >=0

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

Number or y =

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

2

√Number.

invalid" will be returned as the

invalid" will be returned as the

Examples

Sqrt(33) = 5.745
Sqrt('CV.MeanTemp') = square root of the value of the Common variable

Absolute value

Syntax

y = Abs(number)

Returns the absolute value of the entered number, i.e. the value of the
number irrespective of its sign.

Parameter

Number

46 General program functions

Examples

Fraction

Syntax

Note
In the Result properties under Definition it is essential that the number of

places

shown.

Parameter

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected type

then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion "TextTo­Number"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the result of

this operation.

Abs(-55.3) = 55.3
Abs('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable without sign

y = Frac(number)

Returns the fractional part of the entered number.

Decimal

of the result is entered, as otherwise the decimal fraction cannot be

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Examples

Integer

Syntax

Parameter

Examples

Frac(-55.325) =0.325
Frac('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable without sign

y = Int(Number)

Returns the integer of the entered number.

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Int(-55.325) = -55
Int('CV.MeanTemp') = integer part of the value of the Common variable

Formula editor 47

Round integer

Syntax

y = Round(Number)

Returns the rounded value of the entered number as a whole number.

Note
If the value to be rounded lies exactly between two whole numbers then it will be
rounded to the next whole even number: 1.5 -> 2, 4.5 -> 4, 0.5 -> 0

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Round(-55.5259) = -56
Round('CV.MeanTemp') = rounded value of the Common variable

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Sign

Syntax

Parameter

Examples

y = Sign(Number)

Returns the sign of the entered number:

1 for a positive number, -1 for a

negative number.

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Sign(-55.3) = -1
Sign(26.115) = 1

Sign('CV.MeanTemp') = sign of the value of the Common variable

Functions - Date/Time

Time()

Syntax

y = Time()

Returns the current date and current time.

48 General program functions

Parameter

Return value

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Time(Date)

Syntax

none

Current date and current time in the format

y = Time(year; month; day)

Returns the entered numbers in the format

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

Date/Time.

Parameter

Note
Only the whole number part will be used for all parameters.

A variable of the type

In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, e.g. a comparative operation will be carried out with
the exact value!

Return value

year
month
day

00...99 or 1000...9999

1...12

1...31

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Date/Time

Date/Time in the format

cannot be transferred as a parameter here.

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Examples

Time(2004;02;02) = 2004-02-02 00:00:00 UTC +1 (depends on the system

time)

Time('CV.Testyear';'CV.Testmonth';'CV.Testday') = date complied from the

Common variables

Formula editor 49

Time(Date + Time)

Syntax

y = Time(year; month; day; hour; minute; second)

Returns the entered numbers in the format

Date/Time.

Parameter

Note
Only the whole number part will be used for all parameters.

A variable of the type

In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, in e.g. a comparative operation it will be carried out
with the exact value!

year
month
day
hour
minute
second

00...99 or 1000...9999

1...12

1...31

0...23

0...59

0...59

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Date/Time

cannot be transferred as a parameter here.

Return value

Date/Time in the format

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Examples

Time(2004;06;02;10;30;25) = 2004-06-02 10:30:25 UTC +2 (depends on the

system time)

Time('CV.Testyear';'CV.Testmonth';'CV.Testday';'CV.TestHour';'CV.TestMin';'CV.T
estSec')

= date complied from the Common variables

Functions - Type conversion

NumberToText

Syntax

y = NumberToText(Number)

Returns the entered number as

Text.

50 General program functions

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Examples

NumberToText(-55.3) = -55.3
NumberToText('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable as Text

NumberToTime

Syntax

y = NumberToTime(Number)

Returns the entered number as
preted as the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m.

Number.

Date/Time, with the number being inter-

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Examples

NumberToTime(35545.526) = 1997-05-25 14:37:26 UTC+2 (depends on the

system time)

NumberToTime(35780.55) = 1997-12-16 14:12:00 UTC+1 (depends on the

system time)

NumberToTime('CV.TestDate') = value of the Common variable as Date/Time

TextToNumber

Syntax

y = TextToNumber(Text)

Returns the entered text as

Parameter

Text

The parameter must only contain numerical characters or Variables of the
type
conversion or calculation would be "
by Inverted commas.

Number.

Number.

Text as otherwise type conversion is not possible. The result of this

invalid". The text must also be enclosed

Examples

TextToNumber("-55.3") = -55.3
TextToNumber('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable as a Num-

ber
TextToNumber('MV.ID1') = entered text of ID 1 as a Number

TextToTime

Syntax

y = TextToTime(Text;Format)

Returns the entered text as

Date/Time.

Formula editor 51

Parameter

Text

The parameter must only contain numerical characters or Variables of the

Text as otherwise type conversion is not possible (result = "invalid").

type
You can use the following characters as Separators between year, month,
etc.: slash (

/), full stop (.), minus (-), semicolon (;), colon (:), empty space

and comma. You can determine the Sequence of the individual entries
yourself, but these must be entered in the parameter

Format

Format.

Defines in which format or sequence the text must be entered. This pa­rameter must be enclosed with Inverted commas and can be composed
of the following code characters:

Character Meaning

y

M

d

H

h

m

s

a

Year

Month

Day

Hour 0...23

Stunde AM/PM

Minute

Second

AM/PM marking

Note
If you enter the time in the format AM/PM then in addition to the formatting char-
acter h you must us the AM/PM marking a (see first example below).

Examples

TextToTime("2004-12-3 5:22:01 PM";"yMdhmsa") = 2004-12-03 17:22:01
UTC+1

TextToTime("12-15-01 2001:3:5";"HmsyMd") = 2001-03-05 12:15:01 UTC+1

(depends on the system time)

TextToTime('CV.TestDate';'CV.TestFormat') = values of the Common vari-

ables in the entered time format

TextToTime('MV.ID1';'CV.TestFormat') = entered text of ID1 in the given time

format

TimeToNumber

Syntax

y = TimeToNumber(Time)

Returns the entered time as

Note
In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, e.g. a comparative operation will be carried out with
the exact value.

(depends on the system time)

Number.

52 General program functions

Parameter

Time

This parameter can be entered in either the form of a Time function or as a
Variable of the type

Examples

TimeToNumber(Time()) = current date and current time shown as a Number

(in days since December 1899)

TimeToNumber(Time(1999;12;31;23;59;59)) = 36525.95832
TimeToNumber(Time('TestYear';'TestMonth';'TestDay')) = value of the Com-

mon variables as number of days as

TimeToText

Syntax

y = TimeToText(Time)

Returns the entered time as

y = TimeToText(Time;Format)

Returns the entered time as

Time.

Number

Text.

Text in the required format.

Parameter

Time

This parameter can be entered in either the form of a Time function or as a
Variable of the type

Date/Time.

Format

Defines in which format or sequence the text must be entered. This pa­rameter must be enclosed with Inverted commas and can be composed
of the following code characters:

Character Meaning Example

y

yyyy

M

MM

MMM

MMMM

d

dd

h

hh

H

HH

m

mm

s

2-place date in years

4-place date in years

1- or 2-place date in months

2-place date in months

Abbreviated name of month

Month name

1- or 2-place date in days

2-place date in days

1- or 2-place time in hours (1...12 AM/PM)

2-place time in hours (1...12 AM/PM)

1- or 2-place time in hours (0...23)

2-place time in hours (0...23)

1- or 2-place time in minutes

2-place time in minutes

1- or 2-place time in seconds

03

1999

4, 12

04, 12

Jul, Aug

July, August

2, 25

02, 25

5, 11

05, 11

8, 17

08, 17

2, 25

02, 25

3, 55

Formula editor 53

Character Meaning Example

ss

E

EEEE

D

DD

DDD

F

w

ww

W

a

'

''

2-place time in seconds

Abbreviated day of week

Day of week

1- , 2- or 3-place number of day in year

2- or 3-place number of day in year

3-place number of day in year

1-place number of day in month, e.g. the 2nd Monday in May

1- or 2-place number of week in year

2-place number of week in year

1-place number of week in month

Format AM/PM

Introductory and terminating characters for entering any text

Enters '

03, 55

Mo, Tu, We

Monday, Tuesday

2, 35, 142

02, 35, 142

002, 035, 142

2

5, 25

05, 25

3

AM, PM

'

Note
If you want to return the time in the format AM/PM then in addition to the format­ting character h you must use the AM/PM marking a.

Examples

TimeToText(Time()) = current date and current time (system) as Text
TimeToText(Time(2004;05;04)) = 2004-05-04 00:00:00 UTC+2 (depends on

the system time)

TimeToText('CV.TestTime') = value of the Common variable (type Time) as
Text

TimeToText(Time(2000;12;31);"EEEE', 'dd'.'MMMM' 'yyyy") = Sunday, 31 De­cember 2000

TimeToText(Time(1997;05;22);"M'/'d'/'yyyy', 'ha") = 5/22/1997, 12PM

Functions - Text

TextPosition

Syntax

y = TextPosition(Text ; Sample text)

Returns the Index that indicates at which position the
curs in the

Sample text first oc-

Text. The numbering of the index starts at 1!

Parameter

Text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

54 General program functions

Note
Entries of the type
Example:
verted to 3.0 and this is not contained in the text.

Examples

Sample text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time. If the types of the two parameters are not identi-

cal then the type
tions - type conversion). If the
"

invalid" will be returned.

Sample text will always be converted to Text (see Func-

Sample text is not contained in the Text then

Number

TextPosition("12345";3) = invalid

TextPosition("Citric acid";"acidic") = 9, from the index number 9 the word

"

acidic" occurs in the text

TextPosition("Citric acid";"Acidic") = invalid, the word "Acidic" (with a capital

are always given with one decimal place.

, as before the operation the 3 is con-

letter) does not occur in the text

TextPosition("Citric acid";"salt") = invalid, the word "salt" does not occur in

the text

TextPosition(Time(2004;05;05);"5") = 7
TextPosition(3362.14;"6") = 3

TextPosition('MV.ID2';"Carbonate") = index, in which the word part "Carbon-

" first starts in ID2

ate

SubText

Syntax

Parameter

y = SubText(Text ; Position ; Length)

Returns that text part from
length

Length.

Text

Text that starts at the index Position and has the

The parameter can either be entered directly as text or as a Variable of
the type

Text. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected type

then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion "Number­ToText" or "TimeToText"). If this type conversion is not possible then the re­sult of this operation will be returned as "

invalid".

Position

The numbering of the
tered directly as a number or as a Variable of the type

Position starts at 1. The parameter can either be en-

Number . If the pa-

rameter does not correspond to the expected type then it will be automati­cally converted to it (see Type conversion "TextToNumber"). If the type con­version is not possible or if the position does not exist then the result of this
operation will be returned as "

invalid".

Length

The parameter can either be entered directly as number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If the type conversion is not possible or if the length given
here is longer than the length of the subtext then "

invalid" will be returned

Formula editor 55

Examples

Trim

Syntax

Parameter

SubText("Citric acid";9;5) = acidic
SubText("Citric acid";9;6) = invalid, from the position 9 only five characters

are present

SubText('MV.ID2';1;3) = the first three characters of the identification 2

y = Trim(Text)

Returns the

Text without any empty spaces in front of it or behind it.

y = Trim(Text ; Sample text)

Returns the

Text

Text without Sample text.

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Sample text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time. If the types of the two parameters are not identi-

cal then the type

Sample text will always be converted to the type Text (see

Functions - Type conversion).

Note
Entries of the type
Example:
verted to 3.0 and this is not contained in the text.

Examples

Number

TextPosition("12345";3) = invalid

Trim(" Citric acid ") = "Citric acid"
Trim("Citric acid";"acid") = lemons
Trim("Citric acid";"salt") = Citric acid

are always given with one decimal place.

, as before the operation the 3 is con-

56 General program functions

Miscellaneous functions

Case

Syntax

y = Case(condition ; Value_true ; Value_false)
y = Case(condition ; Value_true ; Value_false ; Value_error)

Returns
turned. If an error occurs in the condition (Result "
will be returned.

Parameters

Condition Number

Any Variable (type
eration can be carried out whose operators are either adopted directly or
transferred as a Variable. This could be of the type

Date/Time (Time()).

Value_true

If the Condition <> 0 then this parameter will be saved as the result of the
function.
This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type
can also be transferred here.

Value_false

If the Condition = 0 then this parameter will be saved as the result of the
function.
This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type
can also be transferred here.

Value_error

If the Condition = invalid then this parameter will be saved as the result of
the function.
This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type
can also be transferred here.

Value_true if the condition is true. Otherwise Value_false will be re-

number) can be entered here, or a Compare or logic op-

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

invalid") then Value_error

Text, Number or

Examples

Case('MV.ID1' = "";"ID1 empty";"ID1 not empty") = if in the Run window no

entry has been made for ID1 then in the result the text "
pear, otherwise "

ID1 not empty" will be saved.

ID1 empty" will ap-

Case( 'DET pH 1.EP{1}.VOL';'DET pH 1.EP{1}.VOL';0;0) = if in the titration DET

an endpoint has been found for which the volume is not 0 (Value_true)

pH 1

then this will be saved as the result. If EP1 is at 0 exactly then
turned. If no endpoint has been found then

0 will also be saved as the result

0 will be re-

of this function.

Case('RS.InterRes' > 5.5;"Intermediate result too high";'RS.InterRes' *

26.5;"error occurred")

text "

Intermediate result too high " will be written in the result, otherwise the

= if the the result "InterRes" is larger than 5.5 then the

intermediate result will be multiplied by 26.5. If in the comparison
(

'RS.InterRes' > 5.5) an error occurs then "Error occurred" will be saved as the

result of this operation.

Formula editor 57

Error

Syntax

Parameters

Examples

y = Error(value)

Returns

+1 if Value invalid (error) or 0 if Value valid. This function can be

used, for example, to check whether variables exist or if they are valid.

Value

The variable to be tested.

Error('RS.InterRes') = 0: the intermediate result could be calculated.
Error('RS.InterRes') = 1: the intermediate result is invalid.

Error('DET pH 6.EP{1}.MEA') = 0: the variable for the measured value at

Endpoint 1 exists.

Error('DET pH 6.EP{1}.MEA') = 1, no variable exists for the measured value or

no EP is present.

ASCII table

Only characters that can be printed out are shown in the following table:

ASCII

value

(dec)

Character ASCII

value
(dec)

Character ASCII

value
(dec)

Character

32 Blank character 64 'At' sign (@) 96 Accent grave (`)
33 Exclamation mark

65 A 97 a

(!)
34 Inverted commas (") 66 B 98 b
35 Lozenge (#) 67 C 99 c
36 Dollar ($) 68 D 100 d
37 Percent (%) 69 E 101 e
38 Ampersand "and"

70 F 102 f

(&)
39 Inverted comma (') 71 G 103 g
40 Open round brack-

72 H 104 h

ets (()
41 Close round brack-

73 I 105 i

ets ())
42 Multiplication sign

74 J 106 j

(*)
43 Addition sign (+) 75 K 107 k
44 Apostrophe (´) 76 L 108 l
45 Subtraction sign (-) 77 M 109 m
46 Full stop (.) 78 N 110 n
47 Slash (/) 79 O 111 o
48 0 80 P 112 p
49 1 81 Q 113 q

58 General program functions

ASCII

value
(dec)

Character ASCII

value

(dec)

Character ASCII

value
(dec)

Character

50 2 82 R 114 r
51 3 83 S 115 s
52 4 84 T 116 t
53 5 85 U 117 u
54 6 86 V 118 v
55 7 87 W 119 w
56 8 88 X 120 x
57 9 89 Y 121 y
58 Colon (:) 90 Z 122 z
59 Semicolon (;) 91 Open square

bracket ([)

123 Open curly

bracket ({)
60 Smaller than (<) 92 Backslash (\) 124 Vertical line (¦)
61 Equals (=) 93 Close square

bracket (])

125 Close curly

bracket (})
62 Larger than (>) 94 Circumflex (^) 126 Tilde (~)
63 Question mark (?) 95 Underscore (_)

Formula editor 59

2.5 Edit

2.5.1 Text editor

The text editor is used for entering formatted text in text fields and is opened with

the button

.

The symbol bar of the text editor contains the following functions:

Cuts selected text and copies it to the clipboard.

Copies selected text to the clipboard.

Pastes text from clipboard.

Opens the Formula editor for entering calculation formulas.

Note
In order that the results of formulas of the type
must be converted to

Text

in the text window with the function TimeToText().

Date

are shown correctly they

Font size in pt.

Selects the text color.

Bold.

Italic.

Underlined.

60 General program functions

Justified left.

Centered.

Justified right.

2.5.2 Select date

In order to be able to enter a date in a field the dialog window Select date must be

used; this is opened with the button

.

Selects the month

Selects the year

Selects the day

Selected date

Edit 61

2.6 Manual control

2.6.1 General

Open

Manual control of devices is carried out in the independent dialog window

control

determination is running) with
of the window contains the usual Windows buttons for closing, diminishing, maxi­mizing and minimizing.

Close

The dialog window
ton for closing.

Subwindows

The dialog window
can be enlarged and diminished by dragging the separating bar between the win­dows:

which can be called up from all program parts at any time (even while a

Tools, Manual control or the symbol . The title line

Manual control can be closed with [Close] or the Windows but-

Note
Manual control can only be closed when no manually triggered actions are be­ing carried out (exception: stirrer switched on).

Manual control contains the following three subwindows which

Manual

• Select device

• Functions/Parameters

• Graphic function display

62 General program functions

2.6.2 Select device

In the subwindow for device selection the devices (or functional units of the de­vices) can be selected whose functions are to be triggered manually. These are
shown in a tree structure. All the devices configured in the device table with the
status "
device type. The currently selected device is shown with a blue background. De­vices that are still carrying out manually triggered actions are shown in red.

ok" are shown with the device name and (in brackets) the number of the

2.6.3 Functions

In the subwindow for functions/parameters both the functions for manual control
of the selected device as well as their associated parameters can be selected. In
addition the measured values for running actions and messages are shown here.

Depending on the device the following functions are possible:

• Dosing

• Stirring

• Remote functions

• Sample changer functions

2.6.4 Graphic display

In the subwindow for graphic display the manually triggered functions that are
running are shown graphically.

2.6.5 Dosing

If in the Select device subwindow the group Dosing devices or a single Dosing de-

is selected then in the subwindow for Functions/Parameters the functions and

vice

parameters that are possible with these dosing devices will appear.

Dosing functions

Dosing functions for exchange and dosing units are shown on the following regis­ter cards:

• General

• Prepare

• Fill

• Empty

• Add fixed volume

• Dosing

Devices

The dosing functions can be carried out with dosing devices that are built into or
connected to the following instruments :

Titrino: 702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 785, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798,
799

Titrando: 808, 809, 835, 836, 841, 842, 855

Dosing Interface: 846

Sample changer: 814, 815, 855

Manual control 63

General

Information about the selected dosing device, the attached exchange/dosing unit
and the solution it contains is shown here. This tab only appears when a single
dosing device is selected.

Exchange/Dosing unit

Name

Shows the entered name of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit defined under
Configuration. This field always appears for intelligent exchange/dosing
units. With non-intelligent exchange/dosing units it only appears if a solution
has been selected under

Type

Shows the type of exchange/dosing unit attached to the dosing device (EU,

IEU, DU, IDU).

Cylinder volume

Shows the cylinder volume of the exchange/dosing unit attached to the
dosing device.

Solution

Solution

Titrant/Solution, [ not defined ]

Selection from the titrants and solutions listed in the Solution table for non­intelligent exchange/dosing units. For intelligent exchange/dosing units only
the name is shown.

Titer

Shows the titer of the solution in the exchange/dosing unit. This field only
appears for intelligent exchange/dosing units, or if a solution has been se­lected for non-intelligent exchange/dosing units.

Solution.

64 General program functions

Prepare

The preparation of exchange/dosing units can be started and stopped here. This
tab appears for the selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing
devices.

Note
This tab will not be displayed for the internal dosing devices on Titrinos 702,
716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798.

Start preparing the selected dosing device(s). The parameters defined for
the Exchange unit or Dosing unit will be used.

Stop preparing the selected dosing device(s).

Manual control 65

Fill

Filling exchange/dosing units can be started and stopped here. This tab appears
for the selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing devices.

Note
Before filling dosing devices connected to Titrinos, make sure that the exchange
or dosing devices are mounted. If the filiing process is started nevertheless, it
may be that the Titrino does not respond any more and must be switched off
and on again.

Start filling the selected dosing device(s).

Stop filling the selected dosing device(s).

66 General program functions

Empty

Emptying dosing units can be started and stopped here. This tab appears for the
selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing devices.

Note
This tab will not be displayed for external dosing devices on Titrinos 736, 751,
756, 799.

Start emptying the selected dosing device(s). The parameters defined for
the Dosing unit will be used.

Stop emptying the selected dosing device(s).

Manual control 67

Add fixed volume

Adding a predefined volume can be started and stopped here. This tab only ap­pears when a single dosing device has been selected.

Volume

[ 0.100 ] ... 99999.9 mL

Fixed volume to be added.

Dosing rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 150.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815, 855)
(730, 774, 778, 789)

(Titrino)
The volume is added at this speed. The maximum dosing speed depends
on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit used. If the en­tered dosing rate is too high for the selected dosing device then during
dosing it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible value.

Note
The dosing rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Filling rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 150.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815, 855)

(730, 774, 778, 789)

(Titrino)
After dosing the buret will be refilled at this speed. The maximum filling
speed depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit
used. If the entered filling rate is too high for the selected dosing device
then during filling it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible
value.

68 General program functions

Note
The filling rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Fill automatically

This parameter is only visible for Titrandos, Dosing Interface and the USB
Sample Processor.

[ on ], off

If this option is switched on then the buret will be refilled automatically after
dosing. During the filling procedure the volume display is reset to

mL

. If this option is switched off then the added volume will be displayed

0.0000

cumulatively.

Start adding the fixed volume for the selected dosing device. The added
volume is shown live.

Note
Parameters that are altered after dosing has started only apply to the next dosing
procedure.

Start filling the buret for the selected dosing device. This button is only pre­sent when
volume display is reset to

Fill automatically is switched off. During the filling procedure the

0.0000 mL.

Stop adding the fixed volume for the selected dosing device. Once dosing
has been stopped it can no longer be restarted.

Manual control 69

Dosing

Manual dosing can be started and stopped here. This tab only appears if a single
dosing device has been selected; it does not appear for
vices.

Titrino-type dosing de-

Dosing rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815, 855)

(778, 789)
Speed at which dosing is to be carried out. The maximum dosing speed
depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit used.
If the entered dosing rate is too high for the selected dosing device then
during dosing it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible value.

Note
The dosing rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Filling rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815, 855)

(778, 789)
After dosing the buret will be refilled at this speed. The maximum filling
speed depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit
used. If the entered filling rate is too high for the selected dosing device
then during filling it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible
value.

Note
The filling rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

70 General program functions

Start manual dosing for the selected dosing device. Dosing will continue for
as long as the button is pressed down. The added volume is shown live.

Note
Parameters that are altered after dosing has started only apply to the next dosing
procedure.

Start filling the buret for the selected dosing device. During the filling pro­cedure the volume display is reset to

0.0000 mL.

2.6.6 Stirring

If a stirrer connected via MSB or a stirrer connection is selected in the Select de­vice subwindow then all the possible functions and parameters for the stirrers will
appear in the Functions/Parameters subwindow.

Stirrer functions

The stirrer functions are shown on the following tabs:

• Switch on/off

• Continuous operation

Devices

The stirrer functions can be carried out with stirrers that are connected to the fol­lowing instruments:

Titrino: 702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 785, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798,
799

Titrando: 808, 809, 835, 836, 841, 842, 855

Dosing Interface: 846

Sample Changer: 730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815, 855

Manual control 71

Switch on/off

Stirrers can be switched on and off here. This tab appears for the selection of a
single stirrer as well as for all stirrers.

Stirring rate

-15 ... -1, 1 ... [ 8 ] ... 15

Selects the stirring speed. This parameter can also be altered live.

Start stirring for the selected stirrer(s).

Stop stirring for the selected stirrer(s).

72 General program functions