Metrohm tiamo 1.0 User Manual

CH-9101 Herisau/Switzerland
E-Mail [e-mail]
Internet www.metrohm.com

tiamo User Manual

Program version 1.0

8.101.0003 12.2004/dö

Teachware
Metrohm AG
Oberdorfstrasse 68
CH-9101 Herisau

[e-mail]

This tutorial is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Although this tutorial has been prepared with the greatest care, errors cannot be completely excluded.
Should you notice any please contact the above address.

Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction .................................. 1

1.1 Welcome to tiamo ................................................................1

1.2 User interface ......................................................................2

1.3 Integration of devices..........................................................2

1.4 Method editor .......................................................................3

1.5 Database ..............................................................................3

1.6 Communication ....................................................................4

1.7 Compliance ..........................................................................4

1.8 Versions................................................................................5

1.9 Online Help...........................................................................6

Chapter 2 General program functions .......... 7

2.1 Program parts ......................................................................7

2.2 Login/Password protection..................................................8

2.2.1 General .......................................................................................8

2.2.2 Login ...........................................................................................9

2.2.3 Manual logout............................................................................. 9

2.2.4 Automatic logout........................................................................9

2.2.5 Change password.......................................................................9

2.3 Electronic signatures.........................................................11

2.3.1 Rules .........................................................................................11

2.3.2 Procedure ................................................................................. 11

2.3.3 Signature Level 1 .....................................................................12

2.3.4 Signature Level 2 .....................................................................13

2.3.5 Delete Level 2 signatures ........................................................14

2.4 Formula editor....................................................................15

2.4.1 Overview ................................................................................... 15

2.4.2 Input field .................................................................................16

2.4.3 Variables...................................................................................17

Overview ................................................................................................... 17

Method variables ...................................................................................... 17

Table of contents iii

Command variables.................................................................................. 18

Result variables ........................................................................................ 23

Determination variables ........................................................................... 23

System variables ...................................................................................... 24

Common variables.................................................................................... 25

2.4.4 Operators/Functions ................................................................ 26

Operators - Arithmetic.............................................................................. 27

Addition .............................................................................................. 27

Subtraction......................................................................................... 28

Multiplication ...................................................................................... 29

Division............................................................................................... 30

Potentiation ........................................................................................ 31

Operators - Logic...................................................................................... 32

AND .................................................................................................... 32

OR ...................................................................................................... 33

Operators - Compare................................................................................ 34

Equal .................................................................................................. 34

Larger than ......................................................................................... 35

Larger than or equal to....................................................................... 36

Smaller than ....................................................................................... 37

Smaller than or equal to..................................................................... 38

Unequal .............................................................................................. 39

Functions - Arithmetic .............................................................................. 40

Exponential function........................................................................... 40

Natural logarithm................................................................................ 40

Common logarithm ............................................................................ 40

Square root ........................................................................................ 41

Absolute value.................................................................................... 41

Fraction .............................................................................................. 42

Integer ................................................................................................ 42

Round integer..................................................................................... 42

Sign .................................................................................................... 43

Functions - Date/Time .............................................................................. 44

Time() ................................................................................................. 44

Time(Date).......................................................................................... 44

Time(Date + Time) .......................................................................45

Functions - Type conversion.................................................................... 46

NumberToText ................................................................................... 46

NumberToTime .................................................................................. 46

TextToNumber.................................................................................... 46

TextToTime......................................................................................... 47

TimeToNumber .................................................................................. 48

TimeToText......................................................................................... 48

Functions - Text ........................................................................................ 50

TextPosition........................................................................................ 50

SubText .............................................................................................. 50

Trim .................................................................................................... 51

Miscellaneous functions .......................................................................... 52

Case ................................................................................................... 52

Error.................................................................................................... 53

ASCII table ................................................................................................ 54

2.5 Edit..................................................................................... 55

2.5.1 Text editor ................................................................................ 55

2.5.2 Select date ............................................................................... 56

iv Table of contents

2.6 Manual control ...................................................................57

2.6.1 General ..................................................................................... 57

2.6.2 Select device ............................................................................57

2.6.3 Functions .................................................................................. 58

2.6.4 Graphic display ........................................................................58

2.6.5 Dosing .......................................................................................58

General...................................................................................................... 59

Prepare...................................................................................................... 60

Fill .............................................................................................................. 61

Empty ........................................................................................................ 62

Add fixed volume...................................................................................... 63

Dosing ....................................................................................................... 65

2.6.6 Stirring ......................................................................................66

Switch on/off ............................................................................................. 67

Continuous operation............................................................................... 68

2.6.7 Remote functions ..................................................................... 69

2.6.8 Sample changer functions....................................................... 70

General...................................................................................................... 71

Move .......................................................................................................... 72

Assign position ......................................................................................... 74

Pump ......................................................................................................... 76

Heating/Gas .............................................................................................. 77

Chapter 3 Workplace ................................... 79

3.1 General ...............................................................................79

3.1.1 General ..................................................................................... 79

3.1.2 Desktop..................................................................................... 79

3.1.3 Menu bar...................................................................................79

Menu File................................................................................................... 80

Menu View................................................................................................. 80

Menu Tools ............................................................................................... 80

Menu Help ................................................................................................. 81

3.1.4 Toolbar......................................................................................81

3.1.5 Subwindows .............................................................................82

3.1.6 Functions .................................................................................. 82

3.1.7 Workplace views ......................................................................83

Change layout........................................................................................... 84

Save view .................................................................................................. 85

Load view .................................................................................................. 86

Rename view............................................................................................. 86

Delete view................................................................................................ 86

3.2 Workplaces.........................................................................87

3.2.1 Create new workplace.............................................................87

3.2.2 Edit workplace .........................................................................87

Table of contents v

Show workplace ...................................................................... 88

3.2.3

Select workplace in workplace symbol................................................... 88

Show single workplace ............................................................................ 88

Show workplaces beside each other ...................................................... 88

Show workplaces one below the other ................................................... 88

3.2.4 Close workplace ...................................................................... 88

3.3 Sample tables.................................................................... 89

3.3.1 Edit ........................................................................................... 89

Create new sample table.......................................................................... 89

Open sample table.................................................................................... 89

Edit sample table ...................................................................................... 90

Edit sample data ....................................................................................... 91

Import sample data................................................................................... 93

Save sample table .................................................................................... 93

Print sample table (PDF) .......................................................................... 94

3.3.2 Properties................................................................................. 94

Display................................................................................................ 95

Edit ..................................................................................................... 96

Process............................................................................................... 97

Data import......................................................................................... 98

Comment............................................................................................ 99

3.3.3 Manager ................................................................................. 100

Sample table manager ........................................................................... 100

Rename sample table............................................................................. 101

Copy sample table.................................................................................. 101

Delete sample table ................................................................................ 101

Export sample table................................................................................ 101

Import sample table................................................................................ 101

3.4 Tools ................................................................................ 102

3.4.1 Run test .................................................................................. 102

3.4.2 Sample assignment table...................................................... 102

General .................................................................................................... 102

Sample assignment table....................................................................... 103

Sample assignment ................................................................................ 103

Sample assignment request .................................................................. 104

3.4.3 Text templates ....................................................................... 105

3.5 Subwindow Run............................................................... 106

3.5.1 General................................................................................... 106

3.5.2 Single determination ............................................................. 106

Overview.................................................................................................. 106

Operating tools ....................................................................................... 107

Status display ......................................................................................... 107

Determination parameters ..................................................................... 108

Modify remark .................................................................................. 108

Sample data ............................................................................................ 109

Live modifications .................................................................................. 110

Modification comment for sample data................................................. 110

Determination run................................................................................... 111

vi Table of contents

Properties................................................................................................ 114

Display ..............................................................................................114

Process .............................................................................................115

Data import .......................................................................................115

3.5.3 Determination series .............................................................117

Overview ................................................................................................. 117

Operating tools ....................................................................................... 117

Status display ......................................................................................... 118

Determination parameters ..................................................................... 119

Modify remark ...................................................................................120

Modify autostart counter...................................................................120

Sample data ............................................................................................ 120

Determination run................................................................................... 121

Working sample table............................................................................. 124

Load new and empty sample table ..................................................124

Load sample table ............................................................................124

Edit working sample table ................................................................125

Edit sample data ...............................................................................127

Import sample data...........................................................................129

Save sample table.............................................................................129

Run test.............................................................................................130

Print sample table (PDF)...................................................................130

Properties................................................................................................ 131

Display ..............................................................................................131

Edit ....................................................................................................132

Process .............................................................................................134

Data import .......................................................................................135

Comment ..........................................................................................136

3.6 Subwindow Method..........................................................137

3.6.1 General ................................................................................... 137

3.6.2 Zoom for method window ......................................................137

3.6.3 Live modifications ..................................................................137

3.6.4 Quit command ........................................................................ 138

3.7 Subwindow Live display ..................................................139

3.7.1 General ................................................................................... 139

3.7.2 Tracks .....................................................................................139

3.7.3 Application note .....................................................................140

3.7.4 Properties ...............................................................................140

3.8 Subwindow Report ...........................................................143

3.8.1 General ................................................................................... 143

3.8.2 Current report.........................................................................143

3.8.3 Selected report.......................................................................143

3.8.4 Report overview .....................................................................143

Table of contents vii

Chapter 4 Database ................................... 145

4.1 General ............................................................................ 145

4.1.1 General................................................................................... 145

4.1.2 Desktop .................................................................................. 145

4.1.3 Menu bar ................................................................................ 145

Menu File................................................................................................. 146

Menu Edit ................................................................................................ 146

Menu View............................................................................................... 146

Menu Determinations ............................................................................. 147

Menu Tools.............................................................................................. 148

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 148

4.1.4 Toolbar ................................................................................... 148

4.1.5 Subwindows ........................................................................... 150

4.1.6 Functions................................................................................ 150

4.1.7 Database views...................................................................... 151

Change layout......................................................................................... 152

Save view ................................................................................................ 152

Load view ................................................................................................ 153

Rename view........................................................................................... 154

Delete view.............................................................................................. 154

4.2 Open/display database ................................................... 155

4.2.1 Open database....................................................................... 155

4.2.2 Select database in database symbol.................................... 156

4.2.3 Show single database ........................................................... 156

4.2.4 Show databases beside each other...................................... 156

4.2.5 Show databases one below the other .................................. 156

4.2.6 Close database ...................................................................... 157

4.3 Manage databases.......................................................... 158

4.3.1 Database manager ................................................................ 158

4.3.2 Create new database ............................................................ 159

4.3.3 Rename database.................................................................. 159

4.3.4 Delete database..................................................................... 159

4.3.5 Database properties .............................................................. 160

General............................................................................................. 160

Access rights.................................................................................... 161

Backup ............................................................................................. 161

Monitoring ........................................................................................ 162

4.3.6 Manual database backup ...................................................... 163

4.3.7 Restore database................................................................... 163

4.4 Report templates ............................................................ 165

4.4.1 Create new report template.................................................. 165

4.4.2 Open report template ............................................................ 165

viii Table of contents

Edit report templates .............................................................166

4.4.3

General.................................................................................................... 166

Desktop.............................................................................................167

Menu bar...........................................................................................167

Menu File.................................................................................... 168

Menu Edit ................................................................................... 168

Menu View .................................................................................. 168

Menu Insert................................................................................. 169

Menu Tools................................................................................. 169

Menu Help .................................................................................. 169

General toolbar .................................................................................169

Module-specific toolbar ....................................................................170

Module bar........................................................................................170

Functions................................................................................................. 171

Page setup........................................................................................171

Define sections..................................................................................172

Insert pages ......................................................................................173

Insert modules ..................................................................................173

Edit modules .....................................................................................174

Zoom for report templates ................................................................175

Page preview ....................................................................................175

Comment ..........................................................................................176

Options..............................................................................................177

Save report template.........................................................................177

Modules................................................................................................... 178

Text field............................................................................................178

Data field ...........................................................................................179

Date field ...........................................................................................181

Time field...........................................................................................182

Page number ....................................................................................183

Number of pages ..............................................................................184

Fixed report ................................................................................ 185

Image ................................................................................................185

Line....................................................................................................186

Rectangle ..........................................................................................187

Curve field .........................................................................................187

Curve field - x axis.............................................................................188

Curve field - y1 axis...........................................................................189

Curve field - y2 axis...........................................................................191

Curve field - options..........................................................................192

Calibration curve field .......................................................................194

4.4.4 Manage report templates ...................................................... 194

Manage report templates..................................................................194

Rename report template ...................................................................195

Copy report templates ......................................................................195

Delete report templates ....................................................................195

Export report templates ....................................................................196

Import report template ......................................................................196

4.5 Templates for control chart.............................................197

4.5.1 Manage control chart templates...........................................197

4.5.2 Properties ...............................................................................198

Graphical settings .............................................................................198

Limits .......................................................................................... 199

Statistics ..................................................................................... 199

Comment.................................................................................... 200

Table of contents ix

4.6 Templates for curve overlay ........................................... 201

4.6.1 Manage curve overlay templates.......................................... 201

4.6.2 Properties............................................................................... 201

x Axis ................................................................................................ 202

y-axis ................................................................................................ 203

Options........................................................................................204

Comment ....................................................................................205

4.7 Export templates............................................................. 206

4.7.1 Manage................................................................................... 206

4.7.2 Properties............................................................................... 207

Options........................................................................................208

Select fields.................................................................................209

4.8 Subwindow Determination overview.............................. 210

4.8.1 General................................................................................... 210

Overview.................................................................................................. 210

Determination table ................................................................................ 210

Column display....................................................................................... 211

Filter selection ........................................................................................ 212

Navigation bar......................................................................................... 212

Table navigation ..................................................................................... 213

Data record selection ............................................................................. 213

4.8.2 Functions................................................................................ 214

Functions................................................................................................. 214

Update determination table.............................................................. 214

Determination comment......................................................................... 215

Search determinations ........................................................................... 215

Filter determinations .............................................................................. 217

Last filter ........................................................................................... 217

Quick filter ........................................................................................ 217

Special filter...................................................................................... 218

Edit filter criterion ........................................................................219

Save filter.......................................................................................... 220

All statistics records ....................................................................220

Remove filter .................................................................................... 220

Sign determinations ............................................................................... 221

Rules................................................................................................. 221

Sign determinations at Level 1......................................................... 221

Sign determinations at Level 2......................................................... 222

Show determination signatures ....................................................... 223

Delete signatures 2 for determinations ............................................ 224

Export determinations ............................................................................ 225

Import determinations ............................................................................ 225

Delete determinations ............................................................................ 225

Print determination overview ................................................................. 226

Print determination report...................................................................... 226

Show determination method.................................................................. 228

Show determination history ................................................................... 229

Show calibration curve................................................................230

Control chart ........................................................................................... 231

Overlay curves ........................................................................................ 232

x Table of contents

Reprocess determinations.....................................................234

4.8.3

General.................................................................................................... 234

Reprocessing window............................................................................ 234

Reprocessing rules ................................................................................ 235

Modifications .......................................................................................... 237

Variables ...........................................................................................237

Method ..............................................................................................238

Statistics............................................................................................239

Curve evaluation ...............................................................................241

Edit curve ebvaluation............................................................................ 242

Edit curve evaluation.........................................................................242

Properties..........................................................................................244

x axis........................................................................................... 244

y axis........................................................................................... 245

Options....................................................................................... 246

Result view.............................................................................................. 248

Modification comment for determinations............................................ 249

4.9 Subwindow Information...................................................250

4.9.1 Overview ................................................................................. 250

4.9.2 Determination.........................................................................250

4.9.3 Method .................................................................................... 252

4.9.4 Sample ....................................................................................253

4.9.5 Configuration.......................................................................... 254

4.9.6 Messages................................................................................257

4.9.7 Determination comment ........................................................257

4.10 Subwindow Results..........................................................258

4.10.1 Overview .................................................................................258

4.10.2 Results overview .................................................................... 258

4.10.3 Command name .....................................................................259

4.10.4 Properties ...............................................................................260

4.11 Subwindow Curves...........................................................261

4.11.1 General ...................................................................................261

4.11.2 Properties ...............................................................................262

Overview..................................................................................... 262

x Axis .......................................................................................... 263

y1-axis ........................................................................................ 264

y2 Axis ........................................................................................ 265

Options....................................................................................... 267

Measuring point list................................................................................ 268

Table of contents xi

Chapter 5 Method ....................................... 271

5.1 General ............................................................................ 271

5.1.1 General................................................................................... 271

5.1.2 Desktop .................................................................................. 271

5.1.3 Menu bar ................................................................................ 272

Menu File................................................................................................. 272

Menu Edit ................................................................................................ 273

Menu View............................................................................................... 273

Menu Insert ............................................................................................. 273

Menu Tools.............................................................................................. 273

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 274

5.1.4 Toolbar ................................................................................... 274

5.1.5 Functions................................................................................ 275

5.2 Method editor .................................................................. 276

5.2.1 Create new method ............................................................... 276

5.2.2 Open method.......................................................................... 276

5.2.3 Display method ...................................................................... 278

Selecting the method in the method symbol ........................................ 278

Display single method............................................................................ 278

Display methods beside each other...................................................... 278

Display methods one below the other................................................... 278

Zoom for methods .................................................................................. 279

5.2.4 Edit method ............................................................................ 279

Edit tracks ............................................................................................... 279

Insert new track................................................................................ 279

Select track....................................................................................... 280

Move track........................................................................................ 280

Copy track........................................................................................ 280

Cut track........................................................................................... 280

Insert track........................................................................................ 280

Delete track ...................................................................................... 281

Edit commands ....................................................................................... 281

Insert new command........................................................................ 281

Select commands ............................................................................ 282

Move commands.............................................................................. 282

Copy commands.............................................................................. 282

Cut commands................................................................................. 282

Insert commands ............................................................................. 282

Delete commands ............................................................................ 283

Command properties ....................................................................... 283

Command comment ........................................................................ 283

5.2.5 Check method ........................................................................ 284

5.2.6 Save method .......................................................................... 284

5.2.7 Comment on modification for method .................................. 286

5.2.8 Close method ......................................................................... 286

xii Table of contents

5.3 Manage methods..............................................................287

5.3.1 Manage methods....................................................................287

5.3.2 Rename method .....................................................................288

5.3.3 Copy method...........................................................................289

5.3.4 Move method ..........................................................................289

5.3.5 Delete method ........................................................................ 289

5.3.6 Export method ........................................................................289

5.3.7 Import method........................................................................290

5.3.8 Sign methods..........................................................................290

Rules........................................................................................................ 290

Sign method at level 1............................................................................ 291

Sign method at level 2................................................................ 292

Show method signatures ....................................................................... 293

Delete signatures 2................................................................................. 293

Show method history ................................................................. 294

5.4 Manage method groups ...................................................295

5.4.1 Manage method groups .........................................................295

5.4.2 Method group properties .......................................................295

General.................................................................................................... 296

Access rights .......................................................................................... 296

5.5 Tracks...............................................................................297

5.5.1 General ................................................................................... 297

5.5.2 Track types.............................................................................297

Main track................................................................................................ 297

Normal track ........................................................................................... 298

Series start track .................................................................................... 299

Series end track...................................................................................... 299

Exit track ................................................................................................. 299

Error track ............................................................................................... 300

5.5.3 Edit tracks .............................................................................. 301

5.6 Commands .......................................................................302

5.6.1 General ................................................................................... 302

5.6.2 Edit commands.......................................................................302

5.6.3 Command overview................................................................303

5.6.4 Track commands....................................................................305

START...................................................................................................... 305

General ....................................................................................... 306

Application note ......................................................................... 307

Method variables (table) ............................................................ 308

Method variables (properties).................................................... 309

TRACK ..................................................................................................... 311

SERIES START........................................................................................ 312

SERIES END............................................................................................ 312

EXIT ......................................................................................................... 312

ERROR .................................................................................................... 313

END.......................................................................................................... 313

Table of contents xiii

Titration commands............................................................... 314

5.6.5

DET .......................................................................................................... 314

DET pH............................................................................................. 315

General/Hardware.......................................................................316

Start conditions ...........................................................................318

Titration parameters ....................................................................320

Stop conditions ...........................................................................322

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................323

Additional evaluations.................................................................327

Additional measured values .......................................................329

DET U ............................................................................................... 331

General/Hardware.......................................................................332

Startbedingungen .......................................................................334

Titration parameters ....................................................................336

Stop conditions ...........................................................................336

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................337

Additional evaluations.................................................................339

Additional measured values .......................................................341

DET Ipol............................................................................................ 341

General/Hardware.......................................................................342

Start conditions ...........................................................................344

Titration parameters ....................................................................344

Stop conditions ...........................................................................344

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................344

Additional evaluations.................................................................345

Additional measured values .......................................................347

DET Upol .......................................................................................... 347

General/Hardware.......................................................................348

Start conditions ...........................................................................350

Titration parameters ....................................................................352

Stop conditions ...........................................................................354

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................355

Additional evaluations.................................................................357

Additional measured values .......................................................359

MET.......................................................................................................... 359

MET pH ............................................................................................ 360

General/Hardware.......................................................................360

Start conditions ...........................................................................360

Titration parameters ....................................................................361

Stop conditions ...........................................................................362

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................362

Additional evaluations.................................................................363

Additional measured values .......................................................363

MET U............................................................................................... 363

General/Hardware.......................................................................363

Start conditions ...........................................................................364

Titration parameters ....................................................................364

Stop conditions ...........................................................................364

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................364

Additional evaluations.................................................................364

Additional measured values .......................................................364

MET Ipol ........................................................................................... 364

General/Hardware.......................................................................365

Start conditions ...........................................................................365

Titration parameters ....................................................................365

Stop conditions ...........................................................................365

Potentiometric evaluation............................................................365

xiv Table of contents

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 365

Additional measured values....................................................... 365

MET Upol ..........................................................................................366

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 366

Start conditions .......................................................................... 366

Titration parameters ................................................................... 366

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 367

Potentiometric evaluation........................................................... 367

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 367

Additional measured values....................................................... 367

SET .......................................................................................................... 368

SET pH..............................................................................................369

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 370

Start conditions .......................................................................... 370

Control parameters .................................................................... 372

Titration parameters ................................................................... 374

Conditioning ............................................................................... 375

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 377

Additional measured values....................................................... 378

SET U ................................................................................................378

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 379

Start conditions .......................................................................... 379

Control parameters .................................................................... 379

Titration parameters ................................................................... 381

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 381

Conditioning ............................................................................... 381

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 382

SET Ipol.............................................................................................383

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 384

Start conditions .......................................................................... 384

Control parameters .................................................................... 384

Titration parameters ................................................................... 384

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 384

Conditioning ............................................................................... 384

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 384

Additional measured values....................................................... 384

SET Upol...........................................................................................385

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 385

Start conditions .......................................................................... 386

Control parameters .................................................................... 387

Titration parameters ................................................................... 389

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 389

Conditioning ............................................................................... 389

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 389

Additional measured values....................................................... 390

KFT .......................................................................................................... 391

KFT Ipol.............................................................................................392

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 393

Start conditions .......................................................................... 395

Control parameters .................................................................... 395

Titration parameters ................................................................... 397

Stop conditions .......................................................................... 397

Conditioning ............................................................................... 398

Additional evaluations ................................................................ 398

Additional measured values....................................................... 398

KFT Upol ...........................................................................................398

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 399

Table of contents xv

Start conditions ...........................................................................399

Control parameters .....................................................................399

Titration parameters ....................................................................399

Stop conditions ...........................................................................399

Conditioning................................................................................399

Additional evaluations.................................................................399

Additional measured values .......................................................399

KFC .......................................................................................................... 400

General/Hardware.......................................................................401

Start conditions ...........................................................................402

Control parameters .....................................................................403

Titration parameters ....................................................................404

Stop conditions ...........................................................................405

Conditioning................................................................................405

Additional evaluations.................................................................406

Additional measured values .......................................................407

Evaluation................................................................................................ 407

pK value and half neutralization potential ........................................ 407

Minimum and maximum evaluation ................................................. 408

Break point evaluation...................................................................... 409

5.6.6 Measuring commands ........................................................... 410

MEAS pH ................................................................................................. 410

General/Hardware.......................................................................411

Measuring parameters................................................................ 412

Evaluations..................................................................................414

Additional measured values .......................................................416

MEAS U ................................................................................................... 416

General/Hardware.......................................................................417

Measuring parameters................................................................ 418

Evaluations..................................................................................420

Additional measured values .......................................................422

MEAS Ipol................................................................................................ 422

General/Hardware.......................................................................423

Measuring parameters................................................................ 424

Evaluations..................................................................................424

Additional measured values .......................................................424

MEAS Upol .............................................................................................. 425

General/Hardware.......................................................................425

Measuring parameters................................................................ 427

Evaluations..................................................................................429

Additional measured values .......................................................430

MEAS T.................................................................................................... 431

General/Hardware.......................................................................431

Measuring parameters................................................................ 432

Evaluations..................................................................................434

Additional measured values .......................................................436

MEAS T/Flow........................................................................................... 436

General/Hardware.......................................................................436

Measuring parameters................................................................ 437

Evaluations..................................................................................438

Additional measured values .......................................................438

MEAS Conc ............................................................................................. 439

General/Hardware.......................................................................439

Measuring parameters................................................................ 440

Additional measured values .......................................................440

xvi Table of contents

MEAS Cond............................................................................................. 441

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 441

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 442

Evaluations ................................................................................. 443

Additional measured values....................................................... 445

5.6.7 Calibration commands...........................................................445

Calibrating with manual solution changing .......................................... 446

Calibrating with automatic solution changing ...................................... 447

CAL LOOP pH ......................................................................................... 448

CAL LOOP pH - properties ........................................................ 449

CAL MEAS pH ......................................................................................... 450

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 450

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 452

CAL LOOP Conc ..................................................................................... 453

CAL LOOP Conc - properties .................................................... 453

CAL MEAS Conc..................................................................................... 454

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 454

Measuring parameters ............................................................... 455

5.6.8 Dosing commands.................................................................. 456

ADD.......................................................................................................... 456

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 457

Parameters ................................................................................. 458

LQH.......................................................................................................... 459

General/Hardware ...................................................................... 459

Parameters ................................................................................. 460

PREP........................................................................................................ 462

PREP - properties....................................................................... 462

EMPTY ..................................................................................................... 463

EMPTY - properties .................................................................... 464

5.6.9 Automation commands..........................................................465

MOVE....................................................................................................... 465

MOVE - properties...................................................................... 466

SWING ..................................................................................................... 468

SWING - properties .................................................................... 468

LIFT.......................................................................................................... 469

LIFT - Properties ......................................................................... 470

PUMP....................................................................................................... 471

PUMP - properties...................................................................... 471

STIR ......................................................................................................... 472

STIR - properties ........................................................................ 473

RACK ....................................................................................................... 474

RACK - properties ...................................................................... 474

HEATER................................................................................................... 475

HEATER - properties .................................................................. 476

FLOW....................................................................................................... 477

FLOW - properties...................................................................... 478

5.6.10 Result commands...................................................................479

CALC ....................................................................................................... 479

CALC - result table ..................................................................... 480

CALC result properties......................................................................482

Result - definition........................................................................ 482

Result - Monitoring ..................................................................... 483

Result - options .......................................................................... 485

Send e-mail ................................................................................ 486

Table of contents xvii

Result templates............................................................................... 486

Manage result templates ............................................................486

Save result template ...................................................................487

Rename result template..............................................................487

DATABASE .............................................................................................. 488

DATABASE - properties ..............................................................488

REPORT................................................................................................... 489

REPORT - Properties ..................................................................489

EXPORT................................................................................................... 490

EXPORT - properties...................................................................490

5.6.11 Communication commands................................................... 491

CTRL........................................................................................................ 491

CTRL - Properties........................................................................491

SCAN ....................................................................................................... 493

SCAN - Properties.......................................................................493

SEND ....................................................................................................... 494

SEND - properties.......................................................................495

SEND - event messages.............................................................495

RECEIVE.................................................................................................. 497

RECEIVE- properties...................................................................497

SEND - event/state......................................................................498

TRANSFER .............................................................................................. 499

TRANSFER - properties ..............................................................499

TRANSFER - transfer commands...............................................501

5.6.12 Miscellaneous commands ..................................................... 503

REQUEST ................................................................................................ 503

REQUEST - properties ................................................................503

REQUEST - sample data request...............................................505

CALL ........................................................................................................ 506

CALL - properties........................................................................506

CALL - call...................................................................................507

LOOP ....................................................................................................... 507

LOOP - properties.......................................................................509

WAIT ........................................................................................................ 510

WAIT - properties ........................................................................510

SEQUENCE ............................................................................................. 511

SEQUENCE - properties.............................................................511

5.7 Method reports ................................................................ 513

Select method reports ................................................................513

Method sequence report ............................................................513

Method parameters report..........................................................513

Titration and measurement parameters report...........................514

xviii Table of contents

Chapter 6 Configuration ............................ 515

6.1 General .............................................................................515

6.1.1 General ................................................................................... 515

6.1.2 Desktop................................................................................... 515

6.1.3 Menu bar.................................................................................516

Menu File................................................................................................. 516

Menu View............................................................................................... 516

Menu Tools ............................................................................................. 516

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 517

6.1.4 Toolbar....................................................................................517

6.1.5 Subwindows ...........................................................................518

6.1.6 Functions ................................................................................ 518

6.1.7 Configuration views ............................................................... 519

Change layout......................................................................................... 520

Save view ................................................................................................ 521

Load view ................................................................................................ 521

Rename view........................................................................................... 522

Delete view.............................................................................................. 522

6.2 Administration..................................................................523

6.2.1 Security settings ....................................................................523

Login/Password protection...............................................................524

Send e-mail ................................................................................ 526

Audit Trail/Modifications....................................................................527

Signatures.........................................................................................528

Default reasons .................................................................................529

6.2.2 User administration ............................................................... 530

User groups ............................................................................................ 532

User group information.....................................................................532

Access rights.....................................................................................533

Signatures.........................................................................................534

Options..............................................................................................535

Add user group .................................................................................535

Copy user group...............................................................................536

Rename user group ..........................................................................536

Delete user group .............................................................................536

Add user............................................................................................537

Users ....................................................................................................... 537

User information................................................................................537

Add user............................................................................................538

Set start password ............................................................................539

6.2.3 Program administration......................................................... 539

Backup directories ................................................................................. 540

Backup directories ............................................................................540

Create new backup directory............................................................540

Edit backup directory........................................................................541

Computer identifications...................................................................541

Licenses ............................................................................................542

Table of contents xix

6.3 Configuration data .......................................................... 543

6.3.1 Export/Import ......................................................................... 543

Export configuration data....................................................................... 543

Import configuration data....................................................................... 544

6.3.2 Backup/Restore...................................................................... 545

Backup configuration data automatically ............................................. 545

Backup configuration data manually..................................................... 546

Restore configuration data .................................................................... 546

6.3.3 Templates .............................................................................. 548

Custom calibration buffers..........................................................548

Templates for input lines.............................................................549

Templates for output lines ..........................................................550

6.3.4 Options ................................................................................... 551

Overview......................................................................................551

General............................................................................................. 551

Save.............................................................................................552

PDF................................................................................................... 553

6.4 Audit Trail ........................................................................ 554

6.4.1 General................................................................................... 554

General .................................................................................................... 554

Desktop ................................................................................................... 554

Menu bar ................................................................................................. 554

Menu File................................................................................................. 555

Menu View............................................................................................... 555

Menu Filter .............................................................................................. 555

Menu Tools.............................................................................................. 555

Menu Help ............................................................................................... 555

6.4.2 Toolbar ................................................................................... 556

6.4.3 Filter selection ....................................................................... 556

6.4.4 Audit Trail - navigation bar.................................................... 556

6.4.5 Functions................................................................................ 557

6.4.6 Audit Trail table ..................................................................... 557

Column display....................................................................................... 559

Filter Audit Trail ...................................................................................... 559

Last filter ........................................................................................... 559

Quick filter ........................................................................................ 560

Special filter...................................................................................... 560

Edit filter condition ......................................................................561

Save filter.....................................................................................562

Remove filter .................................................................................... 562

Update Audit Trail ................................................................................... 563

Export Audit Trail .................................................................................... 563

Archive Audit Trail .................................................................................. 563

Delete Audit Trail .................................................................................... 564

Print Audit Trail ....................................................................................... 565

Audit Trail monitoring............................................................................. 565

xx Table of contents

6.5 Subwindow Devices .........................................................566

6.5.1 General ................................................................................... 566

6.5.2 Device table............................................................................ 566

Column display....................................................................................... 568

Add new device ...................................................................................... 568

Delete device .......................................................................................... 569

Print devices list ..................................................................................... 569

6.5.3 Device properties ...................................................................570

Overview ................................................................................................. 570

Titrando ................................................................................................... 570

General..............................................................................................571

Load new program version ........................................................ 571

Measuring inputs ..............................................................................572

MSB #...............................................................................................573

GLP ...................................................................................................574

Titrino ...................................................................................................... 575

General..............................................................................................575

Load new program version ........................................................ 576

Int. dosing device D0 ........................................................................576

Ext. dosing device D# ......................................................................577

RS 232...............................................................................................578

GLP ...................................................................................................578

Coulometer ............................................................................................. 579

General..............................................................................................580

Load new program version ........................................................ 580

RS 232...............................................................................................581

GLP ...................................................................................................581

Conductometer ....................................................................................... 582

General..............................................................................................583

Load new program version ........................................................ 583

RS 232...............................................................................................584

GLP ...................................................................................................584

Dosing Interface ..................................................................................... 585

General..............................................................................................586

Load new program version ........................................................ 586

MSB #...............................................................................................587

GLP ...................................................................................................588

814/815 USB Sample Processor............................................................ 589

General..............................................................................................589

Load new program version ........................................................ 590

Tower #.............................................................................................591

Robotic arm configuration.......................................................... 592

External position......................................................................... 593

Rack ..................................................................................................593

MSB #...............................................................................................594

GLP ...................................................................................................595

778/789 Sample Processor .................................................................... 596

General..............................................................................................596

Load new program version ........................................................ 597

Tower #.............................................................................................598

Robotic arm configuration.......................................................... 599

External position......................................................................... 600

Rack ..................................................................................................600

MSB #...............................................................................................601

Table of contents xxi

RS 232.............................................................................................. 602

GLP................................................................................................... 602

730 Sample Changer .............................................................................. 603

General............................................................................................. 604

Load new program version.........................................................604

Towers.........................................................................................605

Rack ................................................................................................. 606

Dosing device................................................................................... 607

RS 232.............................................................................................. 607

GLP................................................................................................... 608

774 Oven Sample Processor ................................................................. 609

General............................................................................................. 609

Load new program version.........................................................610

Towers.............................................................................................. 611

Rack ................................................................................................. 611

Edit rack properties (774)................................................................. 612

Lift positions ..................................................................................... 613

Special beakers................................................................................ 613

Dosing device................................................................................... 614

Oven ................................................................................................. 614

Gas ................................................................................................... 615

RS 232.............................................................................................. 616

GLP................................................................................................... 616

Balance.................................................................................................... 617

General............................................................................................. 617

RS 232.............................................................................................. 618

Test connection...........................................................................619

GLP................................................................................................... 620

Barcode reader ....................................................................................... 621

General............................................................................................. 621

Settings ............................................................................................ 622

Check connection .......................................................................622

GLP................................................................................................... 623

RS232 device .......................................................................................... 624

General............................................................................................. 624

RS 232.............................................................................................. 625

Test connection...........................................................................626

GLP................................................................................................... 627

6.6 Subwindow Titrants/Solutions........................................ 629

6.6.1 General................................................................................... 629

6.6.2 Solution table......................................................................... 629

Column display....................................................................................... 631

Add new solution .................................................................................... 631

Delete solution........................................................................................ 632

Print solution list..................................................................................... 632

6.6.3 Solution properties ................................................................ 632

Solution ............................................................................................ 633

Titer................................................................................................... 634

Titer history....................................................................................... 636

Exchange unit .................................................................................. 637

Dosing unit ....................................................................................... 640

GLP................................................................................................... 643

xxii Table of contents

6.7 Subwindow Sensors.........................................................645

6.7.1 General ................................................................................... 645

6.7.2 Sensor table ...........................................................................645

Column display....................................................................................... 647

Add new sensor...................................................................................... 647

Delete sensor.......................................................................................... 648

Print sensor list....................................................................................... 648

6.7.3 Sensor properties...................................................................649

Edit properties ............................................................................ 649

Sensor...............................................................................................649

Calibration data.................................................................................651

Limits.................................................................................................653

History...............................................................................................654

Sensor history - Limits................................................................ 655

6.8 Subwindow Common Variables.......................................658

6.8.1 General ................................................................................... 658

6.8.2 Table of common variables ...................................................658

Column display....................................................................................... 659

Add new common variable..................................................................... 660

Delete common variable ........................................................................ 660

Print list of common variables ............................................................... 660

6.8.3 Common variables properties ...............................................661

Common variable..............................................................................661

History...............................................................................................663

History - limits ...................................................................................664

6.9 Subwindow Rack data .....................................................665

6.9.1 General ................................................................................... 665

6.9.2 Rack table ..............................................................................665

Add new rack .......................................................................................... 666

Delete rack .............................................................................................. 667

Print rack list........................................................................................... 667

6.9.3 Rack properties......................................................................668

Rack parameters...............................................................................669

Lift positions......................................................................................670

Special beakers ................................................................................671

Special beaker............................................................................ 672

Chapter 7 Index.......................................... 675

Table of contents xxiii

xxiv Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Welcome to tiamo

tiamo = titration and more

tiamo is a control and database software for titrators, dosing devices and sample
changers that allows complete laboratory automation, which is why the name

tiamo stands for «titration and more» – tiamo can do far more than just titrate.

tiamo is the successor of the TiNet and Workcell software. With it Metrohm now of-

fers worldwide a uniform software product for laboratory automation. This means
that an internationally operating concern can now use the same software platform
for processing all its samples and exchange data and methods without any loss.

The most important program features

• Easy to use and configurable user interface

• Easy integration of instruments and accessories

• Comfortable method editor

• Database program with client/server fuctionality

• Manifold import and export possibilities

• FDA compatibility according to 21 CFR Part 11

• Extensive online help

Welcome to tiamo 1

1.2 User interface

The modern user interface makes it easy for users to familiarize themselves with
tiamo quickly. All command and control functions are located where users would
expect them. The tiamo bar on the left-hand side of the screen allows access to
the four basic tiamo components:

Whether these buttons are visible or concealed depends on the user’s rights of
access. The menu bar is located in the upper part of the screen. Again, each indi­vidual command can be concealed in accordance with the rights of access of the
user.

In the center of the screen are the information windows, in which settings, sam­ple input templates, real-time curves or results are shown. This display can be ad­justed individually for each user with the aid of the new Layout Manager. This
means that each user can only see the windows or buttons necessary for his or
her work. This shortens the familiarization time for users carrying out routine work
to a minimum; operating errors resulting from a cluttered screen are now a thing
of the past.

The methods and calculation templates successfully introduced with the Ti­trando system are also available with tiamo. Numerous tried and tested methods
allow users to draw up their own individual methods quickly and simply and to use
them immediately.

1.3 Integration of devices

tiamo brings together the world of Titrino devices with the new generation of the
Titrando system. In the software sector such compatibility with existing Metrohm

devices is not just a matter of course. The whole Titrino family, which was previ­ously also controlled by TiNet, can continue to be operated under tiamo, and this
after more than 10 years on the market! In addition, sample changers, some of
which are no longer in our sales program, can also be operated under tiamo.
That's how Metrohm protects your investments!

Of course, all the models of the latest Titrando generation as well as the new
Sample Processors are compatible with tiamo. In this way all the advantages of
USB communication, such as plug and play or recognition of the intelligent dosing
systems, can be utilized to the full with tiamo. Even the mixed operation of older
RS 232-controlled and the new USB-controlled instruments is possible without any
problems.

Devices compatible with tiamo

• Titrando
808, 809, 835, 836, 841

• Titrino
702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798,
799

• Conductometer
712

2 Introduction

• KF Coulometer
756, 831

• Sample Changer
730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815

• Miscellaneous
Dosing Interface 846, balances, barcode readers...

1.4 Method editor

The new graphical Method Editor makes more of your titration system. Methods
can be drawn up quickly and simply by using the numerous templates. Methods
that have been proved in practice are available for most routine and automation
tasks. A few clicks are all that is needed to adapt them and make them ready for
use.

It is now possible to program and link activities that take place in parallel. This
means that, together with the new Titrando system and the Robotic Sample Proc­essors, a sample can now be titrated while the next sample is already being pre­pared. This saves time and increases sample throughput. The crowning achieve­ment is the simultaneous processing of several samples – one Titrando can carry
out two titrations at the same time. This doubles sample throughput!

tiamo is flexible and adapts itself to the analytical sequence, not vice versa.

Overview of functions

• Graphical method editor

• Method manager

• Access rights management for each method group

• Templates for method development and calculations

• Method test

• Comments for methods

• Parallel track function

• Loop function

1.5 Database

tiamo is based on an industrially tested, object-oriented database. All settings,
the user administration, methods and results are stored in databases. These da­tabases can be installed locally on the computer used and represent a simple ti­tration system. However, tiamo is also scaleable and grows to meet the operating
requirements. As soon as data security and central data administration come to
the fore, tiamo can be set up in a client-server configuration, with the tiamo da­tabase installed on a server. All measuring and office computers then act as cli­ents. In this titration network all results are stored centrally and can be viewed and
recalculated by all client PCs. In addition, all clients can access the same pool of
methods.

The new database provides all the necessary tools for managing results as well as
for searching for them and grouping them together. Quick Filters allow users to
search through thousands of determinations in a few seconds and present the
search results in a clear manner. Control charts provide a rapid overview of the
chronological sequence of the results.

All the possibilities for recalculation and re-evaluation are available to the us­ers.

Method editor 3

Overview of functions

• Object-oriented Client/Server database

• Quick filter and powerful search functions

• Access rights management for each database

• Automatic database backup function

• Layout manager for database view

• Reprocessing function for variables, methods, statistics, and curve

evaluation

• Control charts

1.6 Communication

Easy and inexpensive integration into existing laboratory information systems,
central databases and long-term archiving systems is crucial for the acceptance
of PC-controlled analytical systems.

tiamo is communicative. LIMS systems can easily import work lists into tiamo’s
own sample table and also control them remotely, without any additional modules.
Data generated in tiamo are now exported in XML format. This enables the simple
incorporation into all LIMS systems currently on the market. Export to long-term
archiving systems such as NuGenesis SDMS or Scientific Software CyberLABlab
is also supported.

With the new Report Designer the analysis reports can now be drawn up simply
and flexibly. The Report Designer allows report templates to be freely defined. In
this way reports of one or more determinations can be produced at any time with
a selectable layout in pdf format or as a paper printout.

A special feature of tiamo is that status messages, error messages or results can
be transmitted from the method sequence to the user by E-Mail.

Overview of functions

• Import of sample data

• Several data export formats,such as XML, CSV, SLK

• Direct export to NuGenesis SDMS, Scientific Software CyberLAB, etc.

• Report designer

• E-mail function for status messages, error messages, or results

• Import of external measured values

1.7 Compliance

tiamo also sets new standards with respect to compliance with GMP, GLP and
FDA requirements. The latest quality standards and validation procedures have

been used during the development and programming of the software. Right from
the very start tiamo has been designed to comply with the demands of FDA
Regulation 21 CFR Part 11 and its customer-specific interpretations. This is
confirmed by a compliance certificate. A central user administration determines
rights of access to program functions, methods and results. Any number of users
with freely definable user profiles are possible. The system administrator has com­fortable access to the user administration from any tiamo client. Access to the
software is password-protected and either the tiamo or Windows login can be se­lected.

4 Introduction

The use of digital signatures allows to sign methods and results. Two signatures
with different features are available. With the Level 1 Signature (Review) the user
confirms the he has correctly programmed the method or correctly performed the
analysis, whatever the case. The Level 2 Signature (Release) is used to release
the method or the result and protect it against further changes. This means that
company-specific workflows can be displayed in tiamo.

All data are managed by version control and protected against unauthorized
access, alteration or deletion in the database. The database itself controls access
to the data in network operation and offers archiving and recovery functions.

The Audit Trail protocols all user actions as well as important system events.

Compliance features of tiamo

• Designed and validated for compliance

• Central user administration

• Detailed access rights management

• tiamo or Windows password protection

• Digital signature with two levels

• Different signatures for methods and results

• Method and results history

• Detailed Audit Trail guarantees traceability

1.8 Versions

tiamo is available in three versions; these differ in the range of functions offered.
An upgrade is possible at any time.

tiamo 1.0 light tiamo 1.0 full tiamo 1.0 multi
Article 6.6056.101 6.6056.102 6.6056.103
Maximum number of instruments per PC 2 unlimited unlimited
Compliant with FDA 21 CFR Part 11
User administration
Security policies
Audit Trail
Client-server support
Number of licenses 1 1 3
Additional licenses (optional)
XML data export to LIMS
Parallel titrations
Upgrade available

z z z

z z

z z

z z
z z

z

z
z z
z z

Versions 5

1.9 Online Help

Help call

tiamo contains an extensive and detailed online help that can be called in two dif­ferent ways:

• General call
With the menu item

opens with the subject Welcome. From there you can jump to desired
subject via

• Context-sensitive call
By pressing the key [F1] on the keypad the online help opens directly
with the subject showing information about the activated element (dia­log window, tab).

Content, Index or Search.

Help, tiamo Help or the icon the online help

6 Introduction

Chapter 2 General program

functions

2.1 Program parts

tiamo has four different program parts which can be opened by clicking on the
corresponding symbol in the vertical bar at the left-hand margin. The symbole for
the program part opened is shown in color, the symbols for the other program
parts in black and white. The menues, toolbars, and the content of the main win­dow depend on the program part opened.

Program part Workplace

• Open/close workplaces

• Start single determinations and determination series

• Sample tables

• Manual operation of instruments

Program part Database

• Open/close databases

• Database manager

• Reprocessing

• Creation of report templates

Program part Method

• Open/close existing methods

• Create new methods

• Method manager

Program part Configuration

• Configuration of instruments, solutions, sensors, common
variables, and rack data

• Security settings

• User administration

• Program administration

• Audit Trail

Note
The access to the different program parts can be switched off in the User admi­nistration. In this case, the corresponding symbols will be hidden.

Program parts 7

2.2 Login/Password protection

2.2.1 General

Login in tiamo

tiamo can be configured so that all users must log in with User name and Pass­word; these entries are then checked automatically. A requirement for this is that

a User administration has been set up and the corresponding Security settings
have been made. This data is stored in the configuration database. In client/server
systems this is found on the server and applies globally for all clients (central user
administration).

FDA-conform settings

If FDA-conform work is to be carried out then the settings on the tab
Login/Password protection in the dialog window
11 must be switched on with the button
observed:

• Each time that the program is started a Login with user name and
password is required.

• Password administration takes place in tiamo.

• User names must be unambiguous. Once users have been entered

they cannot be deleted.

• Passwords must be unambiguous for each user. No password that
has been used once by the user and has expired may be reused.

• Passwords must have a minimum number of characters.

• Passwords must have a defined Validity period after which they must

be changed.

• The number of incorrect attempts for entering the password is lim-
ited. If this number is exceeded then the user is automatically given
the status

inactive.

[Set]. The following conditions are then

Security settings as per 21 CFR

Actions

If login is switched on then the following actions can be carried out:

• Login at program start

• Manual logout

• Automatic logout

• Change password

8 General program functions

2.2.2 Login

If the two options Enforce login with user name and Enforce login with password are
switched on in the Security settings then each time the program is started and
each time a user is logged out the dialog window

User

Entry of the short name of the user.

Password

Entry of the password.

Note
A user who is logging in for the first time or whose status has been reset from

nactive

or
administrator. The window
password to be entered.

removed

to

Login will appear.

active

must log in with the Start password issued by the

Change password

then opens automatically for the

i-

Opens the window Change password in which the new password must be
entered and confirmed.

The login is cancelled, the program is closed.

2.2.3 Manual logout

A logged-in user can log out at any time with the menu item File, User, Logout. The
logout options defined in the Security settings apply. After the logout process has
finished the

Login window opens in which a new user can log in.

2.2.4 Automatic logout

If automatic logout is switched on in the Security settings then the user will be
logged out automatically if the mouse and keyboard are not used within the de­fined time. When this time has expired the
same user can log in again.

Note
Users with Administrator can always log in, an Emergency stop is also possible.

Login window opens in which only the

2.2.5 Change password

This button in the dialog window Login opens the Change password window
in which the new password must be entered and confirmed.

Login/Password protection 9

Note
It is essential that the password is changed before the Validity period (see Secu­rity settings - Login/Password protection) of the password expires. This window
will open automatically for a user who is logging in for the first time or whose sta­tus has been reset from
Start password. For

inactive

Old password

or

removed

to

active

after logging in with the

the Start password issued by the Administrator

must be entered.

Old password

Entry of the previous password.

New password

50 characters

Entry of the new password. The Password options are defined in the secu­rity settings on the register card

Confirm password

50 characters

Login/Password protection.

Confirms the new password.

10 General program functions

2.3 Electronic signatures

2.3.1 Rules

In tiamo methods and determinations can be electronically signed at two levels.
The following rules apply:

• Signature levels
Methods and determinations can be signed at two levels (Signature
Level 1 and Signature Level 2) by entering the user name and pass­word.

• Multiple signing
Methods and determinations can be signed several times at each
level. All the signatures are saved and documented in the Audit Trail.

• Sign at Level 1
If Level 2 has been signed then no more signatures are possible at
Level 1.

• Sign at Level 2
Level 2 can only be signed when signatures already exist at Level 1.

• Different users
The same user can only sign at either Level 1 or Level 2.

• Reason and note
Each signature must be accompanied by a reason selected from pre­defined default reasons. A further comment can be entered addition­ally.

• Saved data
The signature date, user name, full name, reason and note are saved
for each signature.

• Deleting Level 1 signatures
Signatures at Level 1 are automatically deleted when a new version is
generated.

• Deleting Level 2 signatures
Signatures at Level 2 can only be deleted by users who have the ap­propriate rights.

• Signing methods
Methods can always only be signed individually.

• Signature options
The options for electronic signatures are set on the tab Signatures in
the dialog window

Security settings.

2.3.2 Procedure

With respect to their signatures, methods and determinations can have one of the
following three statuses (see flow diagram):

• Not signed
Methods and determinations that have not been signed can be edited
and deleted; a new version is generated for each alteration.

• Signed (1)
When methods and determinations are signed at Level 1 no new ver­sions are generated. If methods and determinations signed at Level 1
are edited then a new version is generated that contains no signa­tures. Methods and determinations signed at Level 1 can be deleted.

Electronic signatures 11

• Signed (2)
When methods and determinations are signed at Level 2 no new ver­sions are generated. Methods and determinations signed at Level 2
can neither be edited nor deleted. However, it is possible to delete
Level 2 signatures while retaining the Level 1 signatures.

2.3.3 Signature Level 1

In the Signature Level 1 window methods or determinations can be signed at Level

1.

Note
Methods or determinations that have been signed at Level 1 can be edited and
deleted. If the edited method or determination is saved as a new version then all
the existing signatures will be deleted automatically, i.e. the method or determi­nation must be signed again.

Info

Information about signatures and the deletion of signatures is shown in this
field. The following messages are possible:

Signature possible

The selected method or determination can be signed.

Signature 1 not possible (signature 2 exists)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed at Level 1 as it has
already been signed at Level 2.

Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed as it has already
been marked for signature by another client.

12 General program functions

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Password

Entry of the password.

Reason

Selection from standard reasons

Selection from the Default reasons defined in the dialog window

settings

Comment

1000 characters

for the category Signature Level 1.

Security

Entry of remarks about the signature.

Signs for method or determination. The window remains open.

Note
Methods and determinations can only be signed at Level 1 when the user be­longs to a user group that has the appropriate rights (see User administrati­on/User group/Signatures).

2.3.4 Signature Level 2

In the Signature Level 2 methods or determinations can be signed at Level 2.

Note
Methods or determinations that have been signed at Level 2 are blocked, i.e.
they can neither be edited nor deleted. In order to be able to edit such methods
or determinations again the signatures at Level 2 must first be deleted (see Dele­te Level 2 signatures).

Info

Information about signatures and the deletion of signatures is shown in this
field. The following messages are possible:

Signature possible

The selected method or determination can be signed.

Signature 2 not possible (signature 1 missing)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed at Level 2 as it has
not yet been signed at Level 1.

Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

The selected method or determination cannot be signed as it has already
been marked for signature by another client.

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Electronic signatures 13

Password

Entry of the password.

Reason

Selection from standard reasons

Selection from the Default reasons defined in the dialog window

settings

Comment

1000 characters

for the category Signature Level 2.

Entry of remarks about the signature.

Signs for method or determination. The window remains open.

Note
Methods and determinations can only be signed at Level 2 when the user be­longs to a user group that has the appropriate rights (see User administrati­on/User group/Signatures).

2.3.5 Delete Level 2 signatures

In the Delete Level 2 signatures window all the signatures at Level 2 for the selected
method or determination can be deleted.

Security

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Password

Entry of the password.

Delete Level 2 signatures 2.

Note
Level 2 signatures can only be deleted when the user belongs to a user group
that has the appropriate rights (see User administration/User group/Signatures).

14 General program functions

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.1 Overview

The Formula editor is used for support in entering formulas for calculating the re­sult. It has an automatic Syntax check that is triggered when the formula is
adopted. The usual Rules of priority apply for computer operations (see Operator
functions - Overview).

The dialog window Formula editor contains the following items:

• Input field
Etry of the calculation formula.

• Function keys
Buttons for the quick input of operators and brackets.

• Variables
Selection from the variables available for the calculation formula.

• Operators/Functions
Selection from the operators and functions available for the calculation
formula.

• Description
Describes the selected variables, operators or functions.

Formula editor 15

2.4.2 Input field

In the Input field of the formula editor the Calculation formula is entered. The fol­lowing possibilities exist for making entries:

Entry via keyboard

• Numbers
Numbers and mathematical functions can be entered directly via the
keyboard.

• Text
Text must be introduced and terminated with inverted commas

"My text").

• Variables
Variables must be introduced and terminated with an inverted comma

' (e.g. 'MV.MyVariable').

• Time
Time information must always be entered by using the function
Time().

Entries using the function keys

Mathematical operators and brackets can be easily inserted in the formula
with the corresponding buttons. A space is inserted automatically before
and after the character.

" (e.g.

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division

Exponentiation

Equals

Larger than

Smaller than

Input via selection

The item selected in the fields

Logical AND

Logical OR

Round brackets

Curly brackets e.g. for end point
definition (e.g.

1.EP{1}.VOL'

Undo last action

Restore last action

Variables or Operators can be entered in the

'DET pH

)

formula with a double-click or

.

16 General program functions

2.4.3 Variables

Overview

Variable types

The following types of variable are differentiated:

Name/Syntax Description

Method variables

'MV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Command variables

'Command name.Variable identifier'

Result variables

'RS.Result name.Variable identifier'

Determination variables

'DV.Variable identifier'

System variables

'SV.Variable identifier'

Common variables

'CV.Variable name.Variable identifiere'

Entering variables

Variables must always be entered enclosed by inverted commas

'MV.MyVariable').

Method variables are variables that are defined in the
command.

START

Command variables are variables that are generated by the
individual commands in the method sequence. The com­mand variables are shown in the order in which the com­mands are carried out in the method sequence.

Result variables are special command variables that are
generated by

CALC commands and are available under their

own name.

Determination variables are general variables and cannot be
assigned to individual commands.

System variables are general variables and cannot be as­signed to individual commands or determinations.

Common variables are method-independent variables that
are accepted from the table in the configuration at the start
of the determination (see Configuration - common vari­ables).

' (e.g.

Note
When using variables it is essential that their data type (

Date/Time

) is taken into account.

Number, Text

Method variables

Method variables are variables that are defined in the START command of meth­ods. The data type (
there. These variables can be either sample data variables (

size unit

, Sample position, ID1...ID8, appear in the Run window of the Workplace) or

are assigned values. In the

ables

available for the current method are listed according to their sorted com-

mand name.

Syntax

'MV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Examples:
In order to avoid syntax errors the method variables can be selected di-

rectly in the Formula editor under

Text, Number, Date/Time) of the variables can also be adapted

Sample size, Sample

Variables field of the Formula editor all the Method vari-

'MV.TestDate', 'MV.RestTime.VAL', 'MV.TestValue.OVF'

Variables/Method variables.

or

Formula editor 17

Method variables

Identifier Description Commands

.VAL

.OVF

Result value (facultative, i.e.

'RS.RS01.VAL') (Text, Number or Date/Time)

Limit infringement for method variable

Number: 1 = limit infringed, 0 = limit

(

'RS.RS01' =

START

START

not infringed)

In the following lines you will find the method variables (sample data) that are available as standard,
appear in the Sequence window and which can be edited and deleted in the START command of the
corresponding method.

Sample size.VAL

Sample size.OVF

Sample size unit.VAL

Sample size unit.OVF

Sample position.VAL

Sample position.OVF

ID1 (...3).VAL

ID1 (...3).OVF

Value of 'Sample size' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample size' (

ber

)

Value of 'Sample size unit' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample size unit'

Number)

(

Value of 'Sample position' (

Limit infringement for 'Sample position'

Number)

(

Value of 'ID1...3' (

Limit infringement for 'ID...3' (

Number) START

Num-

Text) START

START

START

Number) START

START

Text) START

Number) START

Command variables

The availability of the command variables depends on the commands used in the
methods. Command variables also include solution and sensor variables, which
at the start of the determination are automatically adopted for the device­dependent commands from the corresponding tables in the Configuration and
assigned to the individual commands. In the
all the

Command variables that are available for the current method are listed ac-

cording to their sorted command name.

Syntax

'Command name.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'DET U 3.SME', 'Spur 6.BSY', 'Liquid Handling 4.CONC'

In order to avoid syntax errors the command variables can be selected di­rectly in the Formula editor under

Command variables

Unless otherwise indicated, all the variables listed here in alphabetic order
are of the type

Number.

Variables field of the Formula editor

Variables/Command variables.

18 General program functions

Identifier Description Commands

.BLV

Blank value of the sensor used for the command (for ISE sensors
only) or the blank value calculated during calibration (for CAL
MEAS Conc)

DET U, MET U, SET
U, MEAS U, MEAS
Conc, CAL MEAS
Conc

.BP{#}.DME

.BP{#}.ERC

.BP{#}.MEA

Difference in measured values for break point # (1...9) MET

ERC or 1st derivative for break point # (1...9) DET

Measured value for break point # (1...9) in the units of the meas­ured value

DET, MET, MEAS
(without T and
T/Flow)

.BP{#}.TEM

Temperature for break point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET, MEAS

(without T and
T/Flow)

.BP{#}.TIM

Time for breal point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, MEAS

(without T and
T/Flow)

.BP{#}.VOL

.BSY

Volume at break point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET

Command status; 1 = BUSY, HOLD or ERROR; 0 = READY;

All
invalid (variable not present) = Command has never been
started

.CBY

Command status; 1 = conditioning active, 0 = conditioning

SET, KFT, KFC
not active

.COK

Command status; 1 = conditioning criterion fulfilled, 0 =

SET, KFT, KFC
conditioning criterion not fulfilled

.CONC

Concentration of the solution used for the command DET, MET, SET,

KFT, ADD, LQH

.DBL

Total duration for processing the command in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, MEAS,

CAL MEAS

.DRI

.DCS

.DTI

Current or last drift for drift correction in µL/min SET, KFT, KFC

Duration for processing all start conditions in s DET, MET, SET, KFT

Time for the drift correction (time from start of titration until end of

SET, KFT, KFC
command) in s

.EGF

Last measured gas flow (measured value after processing the

MEAS T/FLow
command) in mL/min

.EME

Final measured value (measured value after processing the
command) in the units of the measured value

DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, MEAS,

CAL MEAS

.ENP

.EP{#}.DME

.EP{#}.DVT

.EP{#}.ERC

.EP.MEA

.EP{#}.MEA

Electrode zero point of the sensor used for the command (di­mensionless for pH sensor or in mV for ISE sensor) or the elec­trode zero point calculated from the calibration (for CAL LOOP)

DET, MET, SET,

KFT, MEAS, CAL

LOOP

Difference in measured values for end point # (1...9) MET

Drift for end point # (1...9) in µg/min KFC

ERC for the end point # (1...9) DET

Measured value for the end point in mV KFC

Measured value for the end point # (1...9) in the units of the

DET, MET, SET, KFT
measured value

Formula editor 19

Identifier Description Commands

.EP{#}.MEP

Number of end points in the window # (1...9); 1 = 1 end point,

DET, MET, SET, KFT

2 = 2 or more end points

.EP{#}.QTY

.EP{#}.TEM

.EP{#}.TIM

Measured value (water) for end point # (1...9) in µg KFC

Temperature for end point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET. SET, KFT

Time for reaching end point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC

.EP{#}.VOL

.ETE

Volume for end point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT

Final temperature (temperature after processing the command)
in °C

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC, MEAS
(without T and
T/FLOW), CAL
MEAS

.EVT

Final volume (total volume added at the end of the command) in

DET, MET, SET, KFT

mL

.FIN

Command status; 1 = command has been finished at least

All

once, 0, invalid (variable not present) = command has never
been finished

.FP{#}.DME

.FP{#}.MEA

Difference in measured values for fixed end point # (1...9) MET

Measured value for fixed end point # (1...9) in mV KFC, MEAS (without

T/Flow)

.FP{#}.MEA

Measured value for fixed end point # (1...9) in the units of the

DET, MET, SET, KFT

measured value

.FP{#}.DVT

.FP{#}.ERC

.FP{#}.QTY

.FP{#}.TEM

Drift for fixed end point # (1...9) in µg/min KFC

ERC for fixed end point # (1...9) DET

Measured value (water) for fixed end point # (1...9) in µg KFC

Temperature for fixed end point # (1...9) in °C DET, MET, SET,

KFT, MEAS (without
T and T/Flow)

.FP{#}.TIM

Time for reaching fixed end point # (1...9) in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, MEAS
(without T/Flow)

.FP{#}.VOL

.HP{#}.MEA

Volume for fixed end point # (1...9) in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT

Measured value for HNP # (1...9) in mV (HNP = half-

DET, MET

neutralization potential)

.HP{#}.TEM

.HP{#}.TIM

.HP{#}.VOL

.IGF

.IME

Temperature for HNP # (1...9) in °C DET, MET

Time for reaching HNP # (1...9) in s DET, MET

Volume for HNP # (1...9) in mL DET, MET

Initial gas flow (measured value at start of command) in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Initial measured value (measured value before processing the
start condition) in the units of the measured value

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, MEAS, CAL
MEAS

.ITE

Initial temperature (temperature before processing the start con­ditions) in °C

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, MEAS (without
T and T/Flow), CAL
MEAS

20 General program functions

Identifier Description Commands

.LCO

Loop counter = current number of completed loops both for

LOOP, CAL LOOP
Repeat and While loops

.LP.CA#

Calculated value # (1...3) for the last measuring point DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC ,MEAS

.LP.CHA

.LP.DME

.LP.DVT

Charge for last measuring point in mA·s KFC

Difference in measured values for last measuring point MET

dV/dt for the last measuring point (SET) or drift for last measuring

SET, KFC
point in µg/min (KFC)

.LP.ERC

.LP.EX#

ERC for last measuring point DET

External value # (1...3) for last measuring point DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, MEAS

.LP.GFL

.LP.IGE

.LP.QTY

.LP.TEM

Gas flow value for last measuring point in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Current pulse current for last measuring point in mA KFC

Measured value (water) for last measuring point in µg KFC

Temperature for last measuring point in °C DET, MET, SET,

KFT, MEAS (without

T and T/Flow), CAL

MEAS

.LP.TIM

Time for reaching last measuring point in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, MEAS,

CAL MEAS

.LP.UGE

Potential at generator electrode for last measuring point; 0 = not

KFC
defined, 1 = <14 V, 2 = 14...28 V, 3 = >28 V

.LP.VOL

.LP.MEA

Volume for last measuring point in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT

Measured value for last measuring point in the units of the
measured value

DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, MEAS,

CAL MEAS

.LPO

.LST

.MA.GFL

.MA.MEA

.MA.MEA

.MA.TEM

Current absolute lift position in mm (entry at end of command) LIFT

Start time of loop command (

Date/Time) LOOP, CAL LOOP

Maximum gas flow in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Maximum measured value (U

) in mV MEAS

ind

Maximum measured value in the units of the measured value DET, MET, SET, KFT

Temperature for maximum measured value in °C DET, MET, SET,

KFT, MEAS (without

T and T/Flow)

.MA.TIM

Time for reaching the maximum measured value in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, MEAS

.MA.VOL

.MI.GFL

.MI.MEA

.MI.MEA

.MI.TEM

Volume for maximum measured value in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT

Minimum gas flow in mL/min MEAS T/Flow

Minimum measured value (U

) in mV MEAS

ind

Minimum measured value in the units of the measured value DET, MET, SET, KFT

Temperature for minimum measured value in °C DET, MET, SET,

KFT, MEAS (without

T and T/Flow)

Formula editor 21

Identifier Description Commands

.MI.TIM

Time for minimum measured value in s DET, MET, SET,

KFT, MEAS

.MI.VOL

.MTE

Volume for minimum measured value in mL DET, MET, SET, KFT

Temperature measurement with sensor; 1 = on, 0 = off) DET, MET, SET,

KFT, MEAS (without
T and T/Flow), CAL
MEAS

.NMP

Number of measuring points in list of measuring points DET, MET, SET,

KFT, KFC, MEAS,
CAL MEAS

.RAN

Current absolute shift angle of the rack in ° referred to the axis of

MOVE

the selected tower (entry at end of command)

.RPO

Current rack position (entry at end of command); 0 means 'not

MOVE

defined'

.SAN

Current absolute swing angle of the swing head in ° (entry at end

MOVE, SWING

of command)

.SLO

.SME

.SPO

Electrode slope of the sensor used for the command (in % for pH
sensor or mV for ISE sensor) or the electrode slope calculated
from the calibration (for CAL LOOP)

Starting measured value (measured value after processing the
start conditions) in the units of the measured value

Current external position (entry at end of command); 0 means

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, MEAS, CAL
LOOP

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC

SWING

invalid position

.STE

.STY

Start temperature (temperature after processing the start condi­tions) in °C

Stop type with which the command has been stopped: 1 =
normal;0 = manual or after error

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC

DET, MET, SET,
KFT, KFC, MEAS,
CAL MEAS

.SVA

Start volume absolute (volume added in accordance with the

DET, MET, SET, KFT

start condition "Start volume") in mL

.SVM

Start volume measured value (volume added in accordance with

DET, MET

the start condition "Start measured value") in mL

.SVS

Start volume measured value (volume added in accordance with

DET, MET

the start condition "Start slope") in mL

.SVT

Start volume total (volume added in accordance with all three

DET, MET, SET, KFT

start conditions) in mL

.TITER

Titer value for the solution used for the command DET, MET, SET,

KFT, ADD, LQH

.TOU

.VOL

Timeout status: 1 = max. delay period elapsed; 0 = max.
delay period not elapsed

RECEIVE, TRANS­FER; SCAN

Added volume ADD, LQH

22 General program functions

Result variables

Result variables are special command variables that are generated by CALC com-

. In the Variables field of the Formula editor all the Results that are available

mands

for the current method are listed according to their result name.

Syntax

'RS.Result name.Variable identifier'

Examples:
In order to avoid syntax errors the result variables can be selected directly

in the Formula editor under

Result variables

Unless otherwise indicated, all the variables listed here in alphabetic order are of
the type

Number.

Identifier Description Command

.VAL

.ASD

.MNV

.NSR

.NST

.OVF

.RSD

.STS

.UNI

Result value, facultative, i.e.

Absolute standard deviation for the result CALC

Mean value of the result CALC

Statistics current counter for the result CALC

Statistics set counter for the result CALC

Limit infringement for result; 1 = limit infringed, 0 = limit not infringed CALC

Relative standard deviation for result CALC

Statistics status for result; 1 = statistics on, 0 = statistics off CALC

Result unit (

Text) CALC

'RS.RS01.VAL' (='RS.RS01'), 'RS.TestTime.UNI'

Variables/Results.

'RS.RS01' = 'RS.RS01.VAL' CALC

Determination variables

Determination variables are variables which are assigned generally and not to in­dividual commands that are generated in the method sequence. In the
field of the Formula editor all the
method are listed according to their sorted name.

Syntax

Determination variables

Identifier Description

.DUR

.STT

Duration of the determination in s (

Time at which the determination was started (

Variables

Determination variables available for the current

'DV.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'DV.DUR', 'DV.STT'

In order to avoid syntax errors the determination variables can be selected
directly in the Formula editor under

Number)

Variables/Determination variables.

Time/Date)

Formula editor 23

System variables

System variables are general variables that are not assigned to individual com­mands or determinations that are accepted for the determination at the start of the
determination. In the
that are available for the current method are listed.

Syntax

System variables

Identifier Description

.ACC

.ACE

.FUN

.REM

.RUN

.SEN

.SIN

.SLI

.STA

.STC

.USN

.ORG

.STO

Autostart current counter (

Autostart set counter (

Full name of logged-in user (

Remarks (

Text)

Sample number (

Indicates whether the end of the sample table has been reached; 1 = yes, 0 = no (

)

ber

Indicates whether the determination was started as a single determination or within a se­ries; 1 = single determination, 0 = series determination (

Sample table current line (

Indicates whether statistics are switched on; 1 = yes, 0 = no (

Start counter (

Short name of logged-in user (

Method sequence: 1 = original determination, 0 = reprocessed (

Indicates whether the determination was stopped (manual stop, stop via a SEND com­mand, emergency stop); 1 = stopped, 0 = terminated normally (

Variables field of the Formula editor all the System variables

'SV.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'SV.SIN', 'SV.SLI'

In order to avoid syntax errors the system variables can be selected directly
in the Formula editor under

Number)

Number)

Text)

Number)

Number)

Number)

Text)

Variables/System variables.

Num-

Number)

Number)

Number)

Number)

24 General program functions

Common variables

Common variables are global variables that are loaded from the corresponding
Table in the configuration at the start of the determination. In this table the com­mon variables can be defined. In the

Common variables that are available are listed according to their sorted variable

name.

Syntax

Common variables

Identifier Description

.VAL

.UNI

Value of the common variable (facultative, i.e.

Date/Time)

Unit of the common variable (

Variables field of the Formula editor all the

'CV.Variable name.Variable identifier'

Examples:

'CV.TestDate', 'CV.TestTime.VAL', 'CV.MeanTemp.UNI'

In order to avoid syntax errors the common variables can be selected di­rectly in the Formula editor under Variables/Common Variables.

'CV.Test.VAL' = 'CV.Test') (Text, Number or

Text)

Formula editor 25

2.4.4 Operators/Functions

Overview of operators and functions

Operators Functions Miscellaneous

Arithmetic:

Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
Potentiation (^)

Logic:

AND
OR

Compare:

Equal (=)
Larger than (>)
Larger than/equal to

(>=)
Smaller than (<)
Smaller than/equal to

(<=)
Unequal (<>)

Arithmetic:

Exponential function (Exp)
Natural logarithm (Ln)
Common logarithm (Log)
Square root (Sqrt)
Absolute value (Abs)
Fraction (Frac)
Integer (Int)
Round integer (Round)
Sign (sign)

Date/Time:

Time()
Time(Date)
Time(Date + Time)

Type conversion:

Number to text (NumberToText)
Number to time (NumberToTime)
Text to number (TextToNumber)
Text to time (TextToTime)
Time to number (TimeToNumber)
Time to text (TimeToText)

Text:

TextPosition
SubText
Trim

Error
Case

Rules of priority for operators

The operators are processed in the sequence in which they are listed in the follow­ing table.

Operators

Arithmetic

Compare <, <=, >, >=

Logic AND, OR

^

*, /

+, -

26 General program functions

Operators - Arithmetic

Addition

Syntax

Operand1 + Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Both operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Time

Text, Number or Date/Time.

1.2 + 3 = 4.2

"Metrohm" + "AG" = "Metrohm
AG"

Time(1998;04;06) +
Time(1964;02;03) = 59300.875

(for UTC+1)

-

If the maximum permitted
length (65'536 characters) of
the character string is exceeded
by the addition of the operands
then the excess characters will
be cut off by the 2

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calcu-

nd

operand.

lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

1.2 + "Metrohm" = "1.2Metrohm"

"Metrohm" + 1.2 = "Metrohm1.2"

2.0 + Time(1999;11;7) =

36472.96

(for UTC+1)

-

-

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) + 2.0 =

36441.92

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" + Time(1999;10;7) =
"Metrohm1999-10-07 00:00:00
UTC+2"

Time(1999;01;7) + "Metrohm" =
"1999-01-07 00:00:00
UTC+1Metrohm"

Before the operation an oper­and of type
verted to

Date/Time is con-

Text.

In this case the same rules
apply as for the previous opera­tion.

Formula editor 27

Subtraction

Syntax

Operand1 - Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Both operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Number

1.2 - 3 = -1.8

"Metrohm" - "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;01;06) ­Time(1964;12;03) = 12'087.00

(for UTC+1)

-

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

1.2 - "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" - 1.2 = invalid

2.0 - Time(1999;10;7) = ­36'437.917

(for UTC+2)

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) - 2.5 =
36'437.917

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" - Time(1999;10;7) =
invalid

Time(1999;10;7) - "Metrohm" =
invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

28 General program functions

Multiplication

Syntax

Operand1 * Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Number

1.2 * 3 = 3.6

"Metrohm" * "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;05;06) *
Time(1902;02;03) =

27'478'004.545

(for UTC+1 or

+2 for Summer time)

-

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

2 * "Metrohm" = "Metrohm­Metrohm"

"Metrohm" * 2 = "Metrohm­Metrohm"

2.0 * Time(1999;10;7) =
72'879.833

(for UTC+2)

-

-

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;10;7) * 2.0 =
72'879.833

(for UTC+2)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" * Time(1999;10;7) =
invalid

Time(1999;10;7) * "Metrohm" =
invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Formula editor 29

Division

Syntax

Operand1 / Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Text

Time Time Time

1.2 / 3 = 0.4

"Metrohm" / "AG" = invalid

Time(1998;04;06) /
Time(1964;02;03) = 1.533

(for
UTC+1 or +2 for Summer
time)

Operand2 must not be zero!

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

1.2 / "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" / 1.2 = ungültig

10'000 / Time(1999;10;7) =

0.274

(for UTC+2)

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Time Number Number

Time(1999;02;17) / 10'000 =

3.621

(for UTC+1)

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

"Metrohm" / Time(1999;10;7) =
invalid

Time(1999;10;7) / "Metrohm" =
invalid

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

30 General program functions

Potentiation

Syntax

Operand1 ^ Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

1.2 ^ 3 = 1.728

Complex results (of the type:
a+bi, i.e. made up from a real
and an imaginary component)
are shown as an error.

Text Text Text

Time Time Time

"Metrohm" ^ "AG" = invalid

Time(1900;01;05) ^
Time(1900;01;02) = 196.371

UTC+1)

This operation is not permitted.

Time(): see function Time(Date)

(for

Result: number of days calcu­lated since December 1899,
dependent on the system time

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Text

Text Number Text

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Text

Time Text Text

1.2 ^ "Metrohm" = invalid

"Metrohm" ^ 1.2 = invalid

1.2 ^ Time(1900;02;03) =

586.198

Time(1999;10;7) ^ 2.5 =

253479847878.04

"Metrohm" ^ Time(1999;10;7) =
invalid

Time(1999;10;7) ^ "Metrohm" =
invalid

(for UTC+1)

(for UTC+2)

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

-

-

This operation is not permitted.

This operation is not permitted.

Formula editor 31

Operators - Logic

AND

Syntax

Operand1 AND Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Operand1 Operand2 Result

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false). The following cases are possible:

1 1 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
0 0 0

5 AND 4 --> 1
4 AND 0 --> 0

"Metrohm" AND "AG" -->
1

"" AND "AG" --> 0

Time(1999;10;07) AND
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Numbers larger than 0 are interpreted as
(true).

An empty character string (
preted as

0 (false), everything else as 1

(true). This means that the first operation
corresponds to

Time(): see function Time(Date)

1 AND 1 --> 1.

1

"") is inter-

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text Number Number

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time Text Number

1.2 AND "1.2" --> 1
0 AND "1" --> 1
0 AND "0" --> 1
0 AND "" --> 0

"Metrohm" AND 1.2 --> 1

2.0 AND Time(1999;10;7)

--> 1
0 AND Time(1999;10;07)

--> 0

Time(1999;10;7) AND 2.5

--> 1

"Metrohm" AND
Time(1999;10;7) --> 1

"" AND Time(1999;10;07)

--> 0

Time(1999;10;7) AND
"Metrohm" --> 1

Before the operation an operand of the

Number is converted to the type Text,

type
as the conversion from
makes no sense. This means that in the 2
operation the 0 is converted to
corresponds to the logical value

Text to Number

"0", which

1 (true) as

nd

every non-empty character string is inter­preted as 1.

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation an operand of the
type

Date/Time is converted to the type

Number; all dates from 30 December 1899

are interpreted as

1 (true).

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation is carried out an op­erand of the type
to the type
character string is interpreted as

Date/Time is converted

Text and each non-empty

1 (true).

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

32 General program functions

OR

Syntax

Operand1 OR Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false). The following cases are possible:

Operand1 Operand2 Result

1 1 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
0 0 0

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 OR 4 --> 1
4 OR 0 --> 0

"Metrohm" OR "AG" --> 1
"" OR "Metrohm" --> 1
"" OR "" --> 0

Numbers larger than 1 are automatically
interpreted as 1 (true).

An empty character string (
preted as

0 (false), everything else as 1

(true). This means that the first operation
corresponds to 1 OR 1 --> 1

Time Time Number

Time(1999;10;07) OR
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function Time(Date)

"") is inter-

Operands of different types: the operand that does not correspond to the type of result is converted
to the particular result type before the operation.

Number Text Number

1.2 OR "1.2" --> 1
0 OR "" --> 1

Before the operation an operand of the
type

Number is converted to the type Text,

as the conversion from

Text to Number

makes no sense. This means that in the 2
operation the 0 is converted to
corresponds to the logical value

"0", which

1 (true) as

every non-empty character string is inter­preted as 1.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" OR 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

2.0 OR Time(1999;10;7) -

-> 1
0 OR Time(1964;02;03) --

> 1

Time(1999;10;7) OR 2.5 -

-> 1

"Metrohm" OR
Time(1999;10;7) --> 1

Before the operation an operand of the

Date/Time is converted to the type

type

Number; all dates from 30 December 1899

are interpreted as

1 (true).

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation an operand of the
type

Date/Time is converted to the type

Text and each non-empty character string

is interpreted as 1 (true).

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) OR
"Metrohm" --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

nd

Formula editor 33

Operators - Compare

Equal

Syntax

Operand1 = Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

5 = 5 --> 1
4 = 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" = "AG" --> 0
"aG" = "AG" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two text the
ASCII values (see ASCII table) of the char­acter strings are compared. Note: upper
and lower case letters have different val­ues!

Time(1998;04;06) =
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text Number Number

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time Text Number

1.2 = "1.2" --> 1

1.2 = "Metrohm" --> 0

"Metrohm" = 1.2 --> 0

2.0 = Time(1999;10;07) -

-> 0

Time(1999;10;7) = 2.0 -­> 0

"Metrohm" =
Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Time(1999;10;07) =
"Metrohm" --> 0

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then the

texts are compared according to the ASCII
table.

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the comparative operation the

Date/Time is converted to Number. When

the operation is carried out the exact value
obtained after this conversion is always
used, even when only a maximum of 5
decimal places can be shown (for details
please refer to Type conversion "TimeTo­Number", Note).

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation an operand of type

Date/Time is converted to Text (i.e.: "1999­10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"

), then the texts are

compared according to the ASCII table.

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

34 General program functions

Larger than

Syntax

Operand1 > Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 > 4 --> 1
4 > 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" > "AG" --> 1
"Aarau" > "Zug" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two texts the
ASCII values (see ASCII table) of the char­acter strings are compared. Note: upper
and lower case letters have different val­ues!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) >
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 > "Metrohm" --> 0

1.23 > "1.2" --> 1

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then the

texts are compared according to the ASCII
table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" > 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 > Time(1999;10;07) -

-> 0

Before the comparison the
converted to a

Number (see Type conver-

sion "TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time(1999;10;07) > 2.0 -

-> 1

"Metrohm" >
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation an operand of type

Date/Time is converted to Text (i.e.: "1999­10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"

) and then the texts
are compared according to the ASCII ta­ble.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) >
"Metrohm" --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Date/Time is

Formula editor 35

Larger than or equal to

Syntax

Operand1 >= Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 >= 4 --> 1
4 >= 5 --> 0

"Metrohm" >= "AG" -->
1

-

In a comparison between two texts the
ASCII values (see ASCII table) of the char­acter strings are compared. Note: upper
and lower case letters have different val­ues!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) >=
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 >= "1.2" --> 1

1.2 >= "Metrohm" --> 0

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then the

texts are compared according to the ASCII
table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" >= 1.2 --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 >=
Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Before the comparison the
converted to a

Number (see Type conver-

sion "TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time(1999;10;07) >=

2.0 --> 1

"Metrohm" >=
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation an operand of type

Date/Time is converted to Text (i.e.: "1999­10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"

) and then the texts
are compared according to the ASCII ta­ble.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) >=
"Metrohm" --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Date/Time is

36 General program functions

Smaller than

Syntax

Operand1 < Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 < 4 --> 0
4 < 5 --> 1

"Metrohm" < "AG" --> 0

-

In a comparison between two texts the
ASCII values (see ASCII table) of the char­acter strings are compared. Note: upper
and lower case letters have different val­ues!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) <
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

1.2 < "Metrohm" --> 1

1.2 < "1" --> 0

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then the

texts are compared according to the ASCII
table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" < 1.2 --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 < Time(1999;10;07) -

-> 1

Before the comparison the
converted to a

Number (see Type conver-

sion "TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time(1999;10;07) < 2.0 -

-> 0

"Metrohm" <
Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation an operand of type

Date/Time is converted to Text (i.e.: "1999­10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"

) and then the texts
are compared according to the ASCII ta­ble.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) <
"Metrohm" --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Date/Time is

Formula editor 37

Smaller than or equal to

Syntax

Operand1 <= Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

Text Text Number

5 <= 4 --> 0
4 <= 5 --> 1

"Metrohm" <= "AG" -->
0

-

In a comparison between two texts the
ASCII values (see ASCII table) of the char­acter strings are compared. Note: upper
and lower case letters have different val­ues!

Time Time Number

Time(1998;04;06) <=
Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

2 <= "1.2" --> 0

1.2 <= "Metrohm" --> 1

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then the

texts are compared according to the ASCII
table.

Text Number Number

"Metrohm" <= 1.2 --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Number Time Number

2.0 <=
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Before the comparison the
converted to a

Number (see Type conver-

sion "TimeToNumber").

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time(1999;10;07) <=

2.0 --> 0

"Metrohm" <=
Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation an operand of type

Date/Time is converted to Text (i.e.: "1999­10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"

) and then the texts
are compared according to the ASCII ta­ble.

Time Text Number

Time(1999;10;7) <=
"Metrohm" --> 1

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Date/Time is

38 General program functions

Unequal

Syntax

Operand1 <> Operand2

The operands can either be entered directly or as a Variable and can be
of the type
= true,

Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1

0 = false).

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remarks

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number

5 <> 4 --> 1
5 <> 5 --> 0

In a comparison between two texts the
ASCII values (see ASCII table) of the char­acter strings are compared. Note: upper
and lower case letters have different val­ues!

Text Text Number

Time Time Number

"Metrohm" <> "AG" -->
1

Time(1998;04;06) <>
Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

dfg

Time(): see function Time(Date)

Operands of different types:

Number Text Number

Text Number Number

Number Time Number

Time Number Number

Text Time Number

Time Text Number

1.2 <> "1.2" --> 0

1.2 <> "Metrohm" --> 1

"Metrohm" <> 1.2 --> 1

2.0 <>
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Time(1999;10;07) <>

2.5 --> 1

"Metrohm" <>
Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Time(1999;10;7) <>
"Metrohm" --> 1

Before the comparative operation the

Number is converted to Text and then the

texts are compared according to the ASCII
table.

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the comparison the
converted to a

Number (see Type conver-

Date/Time is

sion "TimeToNumber").

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Before the operation an operand of type

Date/Time is converted to Text (i.e.: "1999­10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"

) and then the texts
are compared according to the ASCII ta­ble.

The same rules apply here as for the pre­vious operation.

Formula editor 39

Functions - Arithmetic

Exponential function

Syntax

y = exp(number)

Calculates e ^
exponential (e = 2.71828...).

Number. Another way of writing y = e

(number)

, where e is the

Parameter

Number Exponent

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Exp(1.5) = 4.48169
Exp('CV.MeanTemp') = potential of the exponent (Common variable) based

on e

Natural logarithm

Syntax

y = ln(number)

Returns the logarithm of the entered number based on e. Another way of
writing y = log

Parameter

Number >0

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

(Number), where e is the exponential (e = 2.71828...).

e

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Examples

Ln(3) = 1.09861
Ln('CV.MeanTemp') = natural logarithm of the value of the Common variable

based on e

Common logarithm

Syntax

y = log(number)

Gives the logarithm of the entered number to the base 10. Another way of
writing y = log

(number).

10

40 General program functions

Parameter

Number > 0

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Log(10) = 1
Log('CV.MeanTemp') = common logarithm of the value of the Common vari-

able

Square root

Syntax

y = sqrt(Number)

Returns the square root of the entered number. Another way of writing y =

√

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

Number or y =

2

√Number.

invalid" will be returned as the

Parameter

Number >=0

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Sqrt(33) = 5.745
Sqrt('CV.MeanTemp') = square root of the value of the Common variable

Absolute value

Syntax

y = Abs(number)

Returns the absolute value of the entered number, i.e. the value of the
number irrespective of its sign.

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of type
then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion "TextTo­Number"). If this is not possible then "
this operation.

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected type

invalid" will be returned as the result of

Examples

Abs(-55.3) = 55.3
Abs('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable without sign

Formula editor 41

Fraction

Syntax

Note
In the Result properties under Definition it is essential that the number of

places

shown.

Parameter

Examples

y = Frac(number)

Returns the fractional part of the entered number.

Decimal

of the result is entered, as otherwise the decimal fraction cannot be

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Frac(-55.325) =0.325
Frac('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable without sign

Integer

Syntax

y = Int(Number)

Returns the integer of the entered number.

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type
type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "
result of this operation.

Examples

Int(-55.325) = -55
Int('CV.MeanTemp') = integer part of the value of the Common variable

Round integer

Syntax

y = Round(Number)

Returns the rounded value of the entered number as a whole number.

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

invalid" will be returned as the

Note
If the value to be rounded lies exactly between two whole numbers then it will be
rounded to the next whole even number: 1.5 -> 2, 4.5 -> 4, 0.5 -> 0

42 General program functions

Parameter

Examples

Sign

Syntax

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Round(-55.5259) = -56
Round('CV.MeanTemp') = rounded value of the Common variable

y = Sign(Number)

Returns the sign of the entered number:

1 for a positive number, -1 for a

negative number.

Parameter

Examples

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Sign(-55.3) = -1
Sign(26.115) = 1

Sign('CV.MeanTemp') = sign of the value of the Common variable

Formula editor 43

Functions - Date/Time

Time()

Syntax

y = Time()

Returns the current date and current time.

Parameter

Return value

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Time(Date)

Syntax

Parameter

none

Current date and current time in the format

y = Time(year; month; day)

Returns the entered numbers in the format

year
month
day

00...99 or 1000...9999

1...12

1...31

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

Date/Time.

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Note
Only the whole number part will be used for all parameters.

A variable of the type

Date/Time

cannot be transferred as a parameter here.

In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, e.g. a comparative operation will be carried out with
the exact value!

Return value

Date/Time in the format

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

44 General program functions

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Examples

Time(2004;02;02) = 2004-02-02 00:00:00 UTC +1 (depends on the system

time)

Time('CV.Testyear';'CV.Testmonth';'CV.Testday') = date complied from the

Common variables

Time(Date + Time)

Syntax

y = Time(year; month; day; hour; minute; second)

Returns the entered numbers in the format

Date/Time.

Parameter

Note
Only the whole number part will be used for all parameters.

A variable of the type

In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, in e.g. a comparative operation it will be carried out
with the exact value!

year
month
day
hour
minute
second

00...99 or 1000...9999

1...12

1...31

0...23

0...59

0...59

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the selected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If this is not possible then "

invalid" will be returned as the

result of this operation.

Date/Time

cannot be transferred as a parameter here.

Return value

Date/Time in the format

yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

Note
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated: reference time for the different time zones
on the earth. MET (Mean European Time) equals UTC plus 1 hour, in the sum­mer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Formula editor 45

Examples

Time(2004;06;02;10;30;25) = 2004-06-02 10:30:25 UTC +2 (depends on the

system time)

Time('CV.Testyear';'CV.Testmonth';'CV.Testday';'CV.TestHour';'CV.TestMin';'CV.T
estSec')

= date complied from the Common variables

Functions - Type conversion

NumberToText

Syntax

y = NumberToText(Number)

Returns the entered number as

Text.

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Examples

NumberToText(-55.3) = -55.3
NumberToText('CV.MeanTemp') = value of the Common variable as Text

NumberToTime

Syntax

y = NumberToTime(Number)

Returns the entered number as
preted as the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m.

Parameter

Number

The parameter can either be entered directly as a number or as a Variable
of the type

Examples

NumberToTime(35545.526) = 1997-05-25 14:37:26 UTC+2 (depends on the

system time)

NumberToTime(35780.55) = 1997-12-16 14:12:00 UTC+1 (depends on the

system time)

NumberToTime('CV.TestDate') = value of the Common variable as Date/Time

Number.

Date/Time, with the number being inter-

Number.

TextToNumber

Syntax

y = TextToNumber(Text)

Returns the entered text as

Number.

46 General program functions

Parameter

Text

The parameter must only contain numerical characters or Variables of the
type
conversion or calculation would be "
by Inverted commas.

Examples

TextToNumber("-55.3") = -55.3
TextToNumber('CV.MeanTemp') =

value of the Common variable as a

TextToNumber('MV.ID1') = entered text of ID 1 as a Number

TextToTime

Syntax

y = TextToTime(Text;Format)

Returns the entered text as

Text as otherwise type conversion is not possible. The result of this

invalid". The text must also be enclosed

Number

Date/Time.

Parameter

Text

The parameter must only contain numerical characters or Variables of the
type

Text as otherwise type conversion is not possible (result = "invalid").

You can use the following characters as Separators between year, month,
etc.: slash (

/), full stop (.), minus (-), semicolon (;), colon (:), empty space

and comma. You can determine the Sequence of the individual entries
yourself, but these must be entered in the parameter

Format.

Format

Defines in which format or sequence the text must be entered. This pa­rameter must be enclosed with Inverted commas and can be composed
of the following code characters:

Character Meaning

y

M

d

H

h

m

s

a

Year

Month

Day

Hour 0...23

Stunde AM/PM

Minute

Second

AM/PM marking

Note
If you enter the time in the format AM/PM then in addition to the formatting cha­racter h you must us the AM/PM marking a (see first example below).

Formula editor 47

Examples

TextToTime("2004-12-3 5:22:01 PM";"yMdhmsa") = 2004-12-03 17:22:01
UTC+1

TextToTime("12-15-01 2001:3:5";"HmsyMd") = 2001-03-05 12:15:01 UTC+1

(depends on the system time)

TextToTime('CV.TestDate';'CV.TestFormat') = values of the Common vari-

ables in the entered time format

TextToTime('MV.ID1';'CV.TestFormat') = entered text of ID1 in the given time

format

TimeToNumber

Syntax

y = TimeToNumber(Time)

Returns the entered time as

Note
In both the automatic and the explicit conversion of a Time into the type Num-

ber the number of days since 30 December 1899 at 01 a.m. will be counted.
Note: 30 December 1899 01 a.m. = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded to 5

decimal places; however, e.g. a comparative operation will be carried out with
the exact value.

(depends on the system time)

Number.

Parameter

Time

This parameter can be entered in either the form of a Time function or as a
Variable of the type

Examples

TimeToNumber(Time()) = current date and current time shown as a Number

(in days since December 1899)

TimeToNumber(Time(1999;12;31;23;59;59)) = 36525.95832
TimeToNumber(Time('TestYear';'TestMonth';'TestDay')) = value of the Com-

mon variables as number of days as

TimeToText

Syntax

y = TimeToText(Time)

Returns the entered time as

y = TimeToText(Time;Format)

Returns the entered time as

Parameter

Time

This parameter can be entered in either the form of a Time function or as a
Variable of the type

Time.

Number

Text.

Text in the required format.

Date/Time.

Format

Defines in which format or sequence the text must be entered. This pa­rameter must be enclosed with Inverted commas and can be composed
of the following code characters:

48 General program functions

Character Meaning Example

y

yyyy

M

MM

MMM

MMMM

d

dd

h

hh

H

HH

m

mm

s

ss

E

EEEE

D

DD

DDD

F

w

ww

W

a

'

''

2-place date in years

4-place date in years

1- or 2-place date in months

2-place date in months

Abbreviated name of month

Month name

1- or 2-place date in days

2-place date in days

1- or 2-place time in hours (1...12 AM/PM)

2-place time in hours (1...12 AM/PM)

1- or 2-place time in hours (0...23)

2-place time in hours (0...23)

1- or 2-place time in minutes

2-place time in minutes

1- or 2-place time in seconds

2-place time in seconds

Abbreviated day of week

Day of week

1- , 2- or 3-place number of day in year

2- or 3-place number of day in year

3-place number of day in year

1-place number of day in month, e.g. the 2nd Monday in May

1- or 2-place number of week in year

2-place number of week in year

1-place number of week in month

Format AM/PM

Introductory and terminating characters for entering any text

Enters '

03

1999

4, 12

04, 12

Jul, Aug

July, August

2, 25

02, 25

5, 11

05, 11

8, 17

08, 17

2, 25

02, 25

3, 55

03, 55

Mo, Tu, We

Monday, Tuesday

2, 35, 142

02, 35, 142

002, 035, 142

2

5, 25

05, 25

3

AM, PM

'

Note
If you enter the time in the format AM/PM then in addition to the formatting cha­racter h you must us the AM/PM marking a.

Examples

TimeToText(Time()) = current date and current time (system) as Text
TimeToText(Time(2004;05;04)) = 2004-05-04 00:00:00 UTC+2

(depends on the system time)

TimeToText('CV.TestTime') =

value of the Common variable (type Time) as

TimeToText(Time(2000;12;31);"EEEE', 'dd'.'MMMM' 'yyyy") =
Sunday, 31 December 2000

TimeToText(Time(1997;05;22);"M'/'d'/'yyyy', 'h'PM'") = 5/22/1997, 12PM

Text

Formula editor 49

Functions - Text

TextPosition

Syntax

y = TextPosition(Text ; Sample text)

Returns the Index that indicates at which position the
curs in the

Parameter

Text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Sample text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time. If the types of the two parameters are not identi-

cal then the type
tions - type conversion). If the
"

invalid" will be returned.

Note
Entries of the type
Example:
verted to 3.0 and this is not contained in the text.

TextPosition("12345";3) = invalid

Sample text first oc-

Text. The numbering of the index starts at 1!

Sample text will always be converted to Text (see Func-

Sample text is not contained in the Text then

Number

are always given with one decimal place.

, as before the operation the 3 is con-

Examples

SubText

Syntax

Parameter

TextPosition("Citric acid";"acidic") = 9, from the index number 9 the word

"

acidic" occurs in the text

TextPosition("Citric acid";"Acidic") = invalid, the word "Acidic" (with a capital

letter) does not occur in the text

TextPosition("Citric acid";"salt") = invalid, the word "salt" does not occur in

the text

TextPosition(Time(2004;05;05);"5") = 7
TextPosition(3362.14;"6") = 3

TextPosition('MV.ID2';"Carbonate") = index, in which the word part "Carbon-

" first starts in ID2

ate

y = SubText(Text ; Position ; Length)

Returns that text part from
length

Length.

Text

Text that starts at the index Position and has the

The parameter can either be entered directly as text or as a Variable of
the type

Text. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected type

then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion "Number­ToText" or "TimeToText"). If this type conversion is not possible then the re­sult of this operation will be returned as "

invalid".

50 General program functions

Examples

Trim

Position

The numbering of the
tered directly as a number or as a Variable of the type

Position starts at 1. The parameter can either be en-

Number . If the pa-

rameter does not correspond to the expected type then it will be automati­cally converted to it (see Type conversion "TextToNumber"). If the type con­version is not possible or if the position does not exist then the result of this
operation will be returned as "

invalid".

Length

The parameter can either be entered directly as number or as a Variable
of the type

Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected

type then it will be automatically converted to it (see Type conversion
"TextToNumber"). If the type conversion is not possible or if the length given
here is longer than the length of the subtext then "

SubText("Citric acid";9;5) = acidic
SubText("Citric acid";9;6) = invalid, from the position 9 only five characters

invalid" will be returned

are present

SubText('MV.ID2';1;3) = the first three characters of the identification 2

Syntax

Parameter

Note
Entries of the type
Example:
verted to 3.0 and this is not contained in the text.

y = Trim(Text)

Returns the

Text without any empty spaces in front of it or behind it.

y = Trim(Text ; Sample text)

Returns the

Text

Text without Sample text.

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Sample text

The parameter can either be entered directly or as a Variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time. If the types of the two parameters are not identi-

cal then the type

Sample text will always be converted to the type Text (see

Functions - Type conversion).

Number

TextPosition("12345";3) = invalid

are always given with one decimal place.

, as before the operation the 3 is con-

Examples

Trim(" Citric acid ") = "Citric acid"
Trim("Citric acid";"acid") = lemons
Trim("Citric acid";"salt") = Citric acid

Formula editor 51

Miscellaneous functions

Case

Syntax

y = Case(condition ; Value_true ; Value_false)
y = Case(condition ; Value_true ; Value_false ; Value_error)

Returns
turned. If an error occurs in the condition (Result "
will be returned.

Parameters

Condition Number

Any Variable (type
eration can be carried out whose operators are either adopted directly or
transferred as a Variable. This could be of the type

Date/Time (Time()).

Value_true

If the Condition <> 0 then this parameter will be saved as the result of the
function.
This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type
can also be transferred here.

Value_false

If the Condition = 0 then this parameter will be saved as the result of the
function.
This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type
can also be transferred here.

Value_error

If the Condition = invalid then this parameter will be saved as the result of
the function.
This parameter can either be transferred directly or as a Variable and can
be of the type
can also be transferred here.

Value_true if the condition is true. Otherwise Value_false will be re-

invalid") then Value_error

number) can be entered here, or a Compare or logic op-

Text, Number or

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

Text, Number or Date/Time (Time()). Complete Operations

Examples

Case('MV.ID1' = "";"ID1 empty";"ID1 not empty") = if in the Sequence win-

dow no entry has been made for ID1 then in the result the text "
will appear, otherwise "

ID1 not empty" will be saved.

ID1 empty"

Case( 'DET pH 1.EP{1}.VOL';'DET pH 1.EP{1}.VOL';0;0) = if in the titration DET

an endpoint has been found for which the volume is not 0 (Value_true)

pH 1

then this will be saved as the result. If EP1 is at 0 exactly then
turned. If no endpoint has been found then

0 will also be saved as the result

0 will be re-

of this function.

Case('RS.InterRes' > 5.5;"Intermediate result too high";'RS.InterRes' *

26.5;"error occurred")

text "

Intermediate result too high " will be written in the result, otherwise the

= if the the result "InterRes" is larger than 5.5 then the

intermediate result will be multiplied by 26.5. If in the comparison
(

'RS.InterRes' > 5.5) an error occurs then "Error occurred" will be saved as the

result of this operation.

52 General program functions

Error

Syntax

Parameters

Examples

y = Error(value)

Returns

+1 if Value invalid (error) or 0 if Value valid. This function can be

used, for example, to check whether variables exist or if they are valid.

Value

The variable to be tested.

Error('RS.InterRes') = 0, if the intermediate result could be calculated, 1, if

the intermediate result is invalid.

Error('DET pH 6.EP{1}.MEA') = 0, if the variable for the measured value at

Endpoint 1 exists,

0, if no variable exists for the measured value or if no EP

is present.

Formula editor 53

ASCII table

Only characters that can be printed out are shown in the following table:

ASCII

value
(dec)

Character ASCII

value

(dec)

32 Blank character 64 'At' sign (@) 96 Accent grave (`)
33 Exclamation mark (!) 65 A 97 a
34 Inverted commas (") 66 B 98 b
35 Lozenge (#) 67 C 99 c
36 Dollar ($) 68 D 100 d
37 Percent (%) 69 E 101 e
38 Ampersand "and" (&) 70 F 102 f
39 Inverted comma (') 71 G 103 g
40 Open round brackets (() 72 H 104 h
41 Close round brackets ()) 73 I 105 i
42 Multiplication sign (*) 74 J 106 j
43 Addition sign (+) 75 K 107 k
44 Apostrophe (´) 76 L 108 l
45 Subtraction sign (-) 77 M 109 m
46 Full stop (.) 78 N 110 n
47 Slash (/) 79 O 111 o
48 0 80 P 112 p
49 1 81 Q 113 q
50 2 82 R 114 r
51 3 83 S 115 s
52 4 84 T 116 t
53 5 85 U 117 u
54 6 86 V 118 v
55 7 87 W 119 w
56 8 88 X 120 x
57 9 89 Y 121 y
58 Colon (:) 90 Z 122 z
59 Semicolon (;) 91 Open square

60 Smaller than (<) 92 Backslash (\) 124 Vertical line (¦)
61 Equals (=) 93 Close square

62 Larger than (>) 94 Circumflex (^) 126 Tilde (~)
63 Question mark (?) 95 Underscore (_)

Character ASCII

value
(dec)

123 Open curly bracket ({)

bracket ([)

125 Close curly bracket (})

bracket (])

Character

54 General program functions

2.5 Edit

2.5.1 Text editor

The text editor is used for entering formatted text in text fields and is opened with

the button

.

The symbol bar of the text editor contains the following functions:

Cuts selected text and copies it to the clipboard.

Copies selected text to the clipboard.

Pastes text from clipboard.

Opens the Formula editor for entering calculation formulas.

Note
In order that the results of formulas of the type
must be converted to

Text

in the text window with the function TimeToText().

Date

are shown correctly they

Font size in pt.

Selects the text color.

Bold.

Italic.

Underlined.

Edit 55

Justified left.

Centered.

Justified right.

2.5.2 Select date

In order to be able to enter a date in a field the dialog window Select date must be

used; this is opened with the button

.

Selects the month

Selects the year

Selects the day

Selected date

56 General program functions

2.6 Manual control

2.6.1 General

Open

Manual control of devices is carried out in the independent dialog window

control

determination is running) with
of the window contains the usual Windows buttons for closing, diminishing, maxi­mizing and minimizing.

Close

The dialog window
ton for closing.

Subwindows

The dialog window
can be enlarged and diminished by dragging the separating bar between the win­dows:

which can be called up from all program parts at any time (even while a

Tools, Manual control or the symbol . The title line

Manual control can be closed with [Close] or the Windows but-

Note
Manual control can only be closed when no manually triggered actions are
being carried out.

Manual control contains the following three subwindows which

Manual

• Select device

• Functions/Parameters

• Graphic function display

2.6.2 Select device

In the subwindow for device selection the devices (or functional units of the de­vices) can be selected whose functions are to be triggered manually. These are
shown in a tree structure. All the devices configured in the device table with the
status "

ok" are shown with the device name and (in brackets) the number of the

device type. The currently selected device is shown with a blue background. De­vices that are still carrying out manually triggered actions are shown in red.

Manual control 57

2.6.3 Functions

In the subwindow for functions/parameters both the functions for manual control
of the selected device as well as their associated parameters can be selected. In
addition the measured values for running actions and messages are shown here.

Depending on the device the following functions are possible:

• Dosing

• Stirring

• Remote functions

• Sample changer functions

2.6.4 Graphic display

In the subwindow for graphic display the manually triggered functions that are
running are shown graphically.

2.6.5 Dosing

If in the Select device subwindow the group Dosing devices or a single Dosing de-

is selected then in the subwindow for Functions/Parameters the functions and

vice

parameters that are possible with these dosing devices will appear.

Dosing functions

Dosing functions for exchange and dosing units are shown on the following regis­ter cards:

• General

• Prepare

• Fill

• Empty

• Add fixed volume

• Dosing

Devices

The dosing functions can be carried out with dosing devices that are built into or
connected to the following instruments :

Titrino: 702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 785, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798,
799

Titrando: 808, 809, 835, 836, 841

Dosing Interface: 846

Sample changer: 814, 815

58 General program functions

General

Information about the selected dosing device, the attached exchange/dosing unit
and the solution it contains is shown here. This tab only appears when a single
dosing device is selected.

Exchange/Dosing unit

Name

Shows the entered name of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit defined under
Configuration. This field always appears for intelligent exchange/dosing
units. With non-intelligent exchange/dosing units it only appears if a solution
has been selected under

Type

Shows the type of exchange/dosing unit attached to the dosing device (EU,

IEU, DU, IDU).

Cylinder volume

Shows the cylinder volume of the exchange/dosing unit attached to the
dosing device.

Solution

Solution

Titrant/Solution, [ not defined ]

Selection from the titrants and solutions listed in the Solution table for non­intelligent exchange/dosing units. For intelligent exchange/dosing units only
the name is shown.

Titer

Shows the titer of the solution in the exchange/dosing unit. This field only
appears for intelligent exchange/dosing units, or if a solution has been se­lected for non-intelligent exchange/dosing units.

Solution.

Manual control 59

Prepare

The preparation of exchange/dosing units can be started and stopped here. This
tab appears for the selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing
devices.

Start preparing the selected dosing device(s). The parameters defined for
the Exchange unit or Dosing unit will be used.

Stop preparing the selected dosing device(s).

60 General program functions

Fill

Filling exchange/dosing units can be started and stopped here. This tab appears
for the selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing devices.

Note
Manual filling for Titrinos is only possible via the device keypad.

Start filling the selected dosing device(s).

Stop filling the selected dosing device(s).

Manual control 61

Empty

Emptying dosing units can be started and stopped here. This tab appears for the
selection of a single dosing device as well as for all dosing devices.

Start emptying the selected dosing device(s). The parameters defined for
the Dosing unit will be used.

Stop emptying the selected dosing device(s).

62 General program functions

Add fixed volume

Adding a predefined volume can be started and stopped here. This tab only ap­pears when a single dosing device has been selected.

Volume

[ 0.100 ] ... 99999.9 mL

Fixed volume to be added.

Dosing rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 150.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815)
(730, 774, 778, 789)

(Titrino)
The volume is added at this speed. The maximum dosing speed depends
on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit used. If the en­tered dosing rate is too high for the selected dosing device then during
dosing it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible value.

Note
The dosing rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Filling rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 150.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815)

(730, 774, 778, 789)

(Titrino)
After dosing the buret will be refilled at this speed. The maximum filling
speed depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit
used. If the entered filling rate is too high for the selected dosing device
then during filling it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible
value.

Manual control 63

Note
The filling rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Fill automatically

This parameter is only visible for Titrandos, Dosing Interface and the USB
Sample Processor.

[ on ], off

If this option is switched on then the buret will be refilled automatically after
dosing. During the filling procedure the volume display is reset to

mL

. If this option is switched off then the added volume will be displayed

cumulatively.

Start adding the fixed volume for the selected dosing device. The added
volume is shown live.

Note
Parameters that are altered after dosing has started only apply to the next dosing
procedure.

0.0000

Start filling the buret for the selected dosing device. This button is only pre­sent when
volume display is reset to

Fill automatically is switched off. During the filling procedure the

0.0000 mL.

Stop adding the fixed volume for the selected dosing device. Once dosing
has been stopped it can no longer be restarted.

64 General program functions

Dosing

Manual dosing can be started and stopped here. This tab only appears if a single
dosing device has been selected; it does not appear for Titrino-type dosing de­vices.

Note
Manual dosing for Titrinos is only possible via the device keypad.

Dosing rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815)

(778, 789)
Speed at which dosing is to be carried out. The maximum dosing speed
depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit used.
If the entered dosing rate is too high for the selected dosing device then
during dosing it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible value.

Note
The dosing rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Filling rate

[ maximum ]

0.01 ... 166.00 mL/min

0.01 ... 160.00 mL/min

(Titrando, 814, 815)

(778, 789)
After dosing the buret will be refilled at this speed. The maximum filling
speed depends on the cylinder volume of the Exchange unit or Dosing unit
used. If the entered filling rate is too high for the selected dosing device
then during filling it will automatically be reduced to the largest possible
value.

Manual control 65

Note
The filling rate should be reduced for viscous liquids.

Start manual dosing for the selected dosing device. Dosing will continue for
as long as the button is pressed down. The added volume is shown live.

Note
Parameters that are altered after dosing has started only apply to the next dosing
procedure.

Start filling the buret for the selected dosing device. During the filling pro­cedure the volume display is reset to

0.0000 mL.

2.6.6 Stirring

If a stirrer connected via MSB or a stirrer connection is selected in the Select de­vice subwindow then all the possible functions and parameters for the stirrers will
appear in the Functions/Parameters subwindow.

Stirrer functions

The stirrer functions are shown on the following tabs:

• Switch on/off

• Continuous operation

Devices

The stirrer functions can be carried out with stirrers that are connected to the fol­lowing instruments:

Titrino: 702, 716, 718, 719, 720, 721, 736, 751, 758, 785, 784, 785, 794, 795, 798,
799

Titrando: 808, 809, 835, 836, 841

Dosing Interface: 846

Sample Changer: 730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815

66 General program functions

Switch on/off

Stirrers can be switched on and off here. This tab appears for the selection of a
single stirrer as well as for all stirrers.

Stirring rate

-15 ... -1, 1 ... [ 8 ] ... 15

Selects the stirring speed. This parameter can also be altered live.

Start stirring for the selected stirrer(s).

Stop stirring for the selected stirrer(s).

Manual control 67

Continuous operation

Stirrers can be switched on for a defined period here. This tab appears for the se­lection of a single stirrer as well as for all stirrers.

Stirring rate

-15 ... -1, 1 ... [ 8 ] ... 15

Selection of the stirring speed. This parameter can also be altered live.

Stirring period

1 ... [ 60 ] ... 999999 s

Entry of the time during which stirring is to take place. If this parameter is al­tered after stirring has started then it will only apply to the next stirring pro­cedure.

Start continuous operation for the selected stirrer(s). The remaining time is
shown in the status display. When the stirring period has expired the stirrer
will be switched off automatically.

Stop continuous operation for the selected stirrer(s).

68 General program functions

2.6.7 Remote functions

If in the subwindow for Select device a remote box or remote interface is selected
then in the subwindow for Functions/Parameters the functions and parameters
that are possible for the device will appear.

Devices

The remote functions can be carried out with the following instruments:

Titrino: 751, 758, 784, 785, 795, 798, 799

Titrando: 808, 809, 835, 836, 841, 846

Coulometer: 756, 831

Sample Changer: 730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815

Inputs

Current status

Shows the current status of the 8 input lines.

Templates/Entry

If the current status corresponds to one of the defined Templates for the in­puts then the corresponding name will be shown here.

Outputs

Current status

Shows the current status of the 14 output lines.

Templates/Entry

Binary pattern consisting of exactly 14 characters (0, 1, *, p), [
************** ], signal template

Input of the binary pattern for the output signal of exactly 14 characters or
selects a predefined Signal template.

The following characters can be entered:

= line inactive,

0

= line active,

1

= any line status

*
p

= set impulse (impulse length = 200 ms. If the output is to be an impulse

with a different length then an appropriate template must be defined for it.)
The output lines and bits are numbered from right to left:

Output 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Bit 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Manual control 69

Examples:

************1* sets output line 1 to active (= set) which would corre-

spond to a Stop command, e.g. for a connected Titrino.

************0* sets the line to inactive.

Note
We recommend that non-relevant output lines are masked with an asterisk * so
that the status of these lines is not altered.

Set the binary pattern defined under Outputs.

2.6.8 Sample changer functions

If in the subwindow for Select device a sample changer tower is selected then the
subwindow Functions/Parameters opens and shows the functions that are possi­ble with the sample changer together with their associated parameters.

Sample changer functions

The sample changer functions are shown on the following tabs:

• General

• Move

• Assign position

• Pump

• Heating/Gas

Devices

The sample changer functions can be carried out with the following instruments:

730, 774, 778, 789, 814, 815

70 General program functions

General

Information about the attached rack is shown here. In addition the speed of rota­tion and the lift speed for manual sample changer control can be set here.

Rack name

Shows the name of the attached rack. If no rack is attached then -------- will
be shown.

Rack code

Shows the rack code of the attached rack. If no rack is attached then -------

will be shown.

-

Number of positions

Shows the number of positions of the attached rack. If no rack is attached
then

-------- will be shown.

Shift rate

5 ... [ 20 ] °/s

Speed of rotation for manual operation of the sample changer.

Lift rate

3 ... [ 25 ] mm/s

Lift speed for manual operation at the selected tower.

Swing rate

10 ... [ 55 ] °/s

Swing speed for manual operation of the swing head on the sample
changer.

Initialize the attached rack. During initialization the cursor appears as an
hourglass.

Note
During the initialization of the rack the following actions are carried out:
– Rack rotates to position for reading the rack code.
– Rack data from rack code is transferred to sample changer.
– Lifts are raised to 0 mm.
– Swing head moves back.

Manual control 71

Move

This is where a move to the desired rack, lift or swing head position can be started
manually.

Rack position

Set rack position.

Current position

Shows the current rack position.

Target position

[ 1 ] ... n

Entry or selection of the rack position to be moved to.

Start the move to the target position. After the start the button changes to

[Stop], the two lower buttons are shown as inactive (gray), and the status

display changes from

Move to current rack position – 1.

Move to current rack position + 1.

Lift position

Set the lift position for the selected tower.

Current position

Shows the current lift position in mm.

Target position

[ 0 ] ... 235 mm, Home position, Work position, Shift position

beakers and ext. pos.),
pos.),

(depends on the rack), Special beaker 1...16

Ready to Move....

(only for normal

Rinse position (only for normal beakers and ext.

72 General program functions

Special position (only for normal beakers and ext. pos.)

Selection or input of the lift position to be moved to for the current rack po­sition (normal beakers, special beakers, external position).

Start the move to the target position. After the start the button changes to

[Stop], the two lower buttons are shown as inactive (gray), and the status

display changes from

Move the lift upward for as long as the button is pressed.

Move the lift downward for as long as the button is pressed.

Swing head position

Set the position (angle) of the swing head at the selected tower.

Current position

Shows the current position of the swing head in °.

Target position

[ 0.0 ] ...330.0 °, External 1...4

Entry or selection of the swing head position to be moved to.

Ready to Move....

Start the move to the target position. After the start the button changes to

[Stop], the two lower buttons are shown as inactive (gray), and the status

display changes from

Ready to Move....

Move the swing head to the left (toward 0°) for as long as the button is
pressed.

Move the swing head to the right (toward 330°) for as long as the button is
pressed.

Manual control 73

Assign position

The current rack, lift or swing head position can be assigned as a particular spe­cial position.

Rack position

Assigns the current rack position to a particular special beaker.

Current position

Shows the current rack position.

Special beaker

[ 1 ] ... 16

Selection of the special beaker to which the current rack position is to be
assigned.

Trigger the assignment. During the assignment the cursor appears as an
hourglass.

Lift position

Assign the current lift position to a particular special position.

Current position

Shows the current lift position in mm.

Work position

If this option is enabled then the current lift position is assigned as the work
position of the tower, a special beaker or an external position of the swing
head.

Selection:

[ Tower 1 ], Tower 2 (not for 730 Sample Changer),
Tower 1+2 (only for 730 Sample Changer),

Special beaker 1...16,
External 1...4 (not for 730 Sample Changer)

74 General program functions

Rinse position

If this option is enabled then the current lift position is assigned as the rinse
position of the tower.

Selection:

[ Tower 1 ], Tower 2 (not for 730 Sample Changer),
Tower 1+2 (only for 730 Sample Changer)

Shift position

If this option is enabled then the current lift position is assigned as the shift
position of the tower.

Selection:

[ Tower 1 ], Tower 2 (not for 730 Sample Changer),
Tower 1+2 (only for 730 Sample Changer)

External positions

Special position

If this option is enabled then the current lift position is assigned as the spe­cial position of the tower.

Selection:

[ Tower 1 ], Tower 2 (not for 730 Sample Changer),
Tower 1+2 (only for 730 Sample Changer)

Swing position

If this option is enabled then the current lift position is assigned as the
swing position of the swing head.

Selection:

[ External positions ]

Trigger the assignment. During the assignment the cursor appears as an
hourglass.

Assign robotic arm position

Assigns the current rack position as a particular robotic arm external posi­tion.

Current position

Shows the current position of the robotic arm in °.

External position

[ 1 ] ... 4

Selection of the external position to which the current robotic arm position is
to be assigned.

Trigger the assignment. During the assignment the cursor appears as an
hourglass.

Manual control 75

Pump

The pumps connected to the tower can be switched on and off here.

Pump 1

Operate Pump 1 or Valve 1 at the selected tower manually.

Operation

[ On/Off ], Duration

Selection whether the pump or valve is to be switched on/off manually or
whether it is to be switched on for a defined period and then switched off
automatically.

Duration

1 ... [ 60 ] ... 999999 s

Time during which the pump/valve is to remain switched on. This field only
appears for

Operation = Duration.

Pump 2

Operation

Duration

Start Pump 1. The status display shows the elapsed time since the start.

Stop Pump 1.

Operate Pump 2 or Valve 2 at the selected tower manually.

[ on/off ], Duration

Selection whether the pump or valve is to be switched on/off manually or
whether it is to be switched on for a defined period and then switched off
automatically.

1 ... [ 60 ] ... 999999 s

Time during which the pump/valve is to remain switched on. This field only
appears for

Operation = Duration.

Start Pump 2. The status display shows the elapsed time since the start.

76 General program functions