MACK VMAC IV OBD 2013, Year 2014 newer Service Manual
SSeerrvviiccee IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn
Trucks
Group 28
Release1
Engine Control Module (ECM),
AftertreatmentControlModule (ACM),
VMAC IV
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
89091093
Foreword
The descriptions and service procedures contained in this manual are based on designs and technical studies carried out through January 2013.
The products are under continuous development. Vehicles and components produced after the
above date may therefore have different specifications and repair methods. When this is deemed to
have a significant bearing on this manual, an updated version of this manual will be issued to cover
the changes.
The new edition of this manual will update the changes.
In service procedures where the title incorporates an operation number, this is a reference to an V.S.
T. (Volvo Standard Times).
Service procedures which do not include an operation number in the title are for general information
and no reference is made to an V.S.T.
Each section of this manual contains specific safety information and warnings which must be reviewed before performing any procedure. If a printed copy of a procedure is made, be sure to also
make a printed copy of the safety information and warnings that relate to that procedure. The following levels of observations, cautions and warnings are used in this Service Documentation:
Note: Indicates a procedure, practice, or condition that must be followed in order to have the vehicle
or component function in the manner intended.
Caution: Indicates an unsafe practice where damage to the product could occur.
Warning: Indicates an unsafe practice where personal injury or severe damage to the product could
occur.
Danger: Indicates an unsafe practice where serious personal injury or death could occur.
Mack Trucks, Inc.
Greensboro, NC USA
Order number: PV776-89091093
©2013 Mack Trucks, Inc., Greensboro, NC USA
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or
transmitted in any forms by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Mack Trucks, Inc.
USA57777
Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................. 1
Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) .........................................................1
Group 28
Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Troubleshooting
Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
(DTCs)
The manufacturer scan tool is the preferred tool for performing diagnostic work. Contact your local dealer for more information or visit “www.premiumtechtool.com”.
System Overview
Multiple electronic control units (ECUs) are used; the engine
control module (ECM), instrument control module (ICM), Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU), transmission control module (TCM), the gear selector control module (GSCM) and the
aftertreatment control module (ACM). Together, these modules
operate and communicate data link to control a variety of engine and vehicle cab functions. The ECM controls a variety of
functions related to operation of the engine. The ECM works in
conjunction with the ACM to control the EATS system and reduce emissions.. The VECU controls cruise control functions,
accessory relay controls and idle shutdown functions.
In addition to their control functions, the modules have on board
diagnostic (OBD) capabilities. The OBD is designed to detect
faults or abnormal conditions that are not within normal operating parameters. When the system detects a fault or abnormal
condition, the fault will be logged, the vehicle operator will be
advised that a fault has occurred by illumination a malfunction
indicator lamp (MIL). The module may initiate the engine shutdown procedure if the system determines that the fault could
damage the engine.
Note: The use of a scan tool is necessary to perform diagnostic
work as well as clearing of any diagnostic trouble codes
(DTCs). DTC(s) can no longer be cleared using the vehicles instrument cluster digital display and stalk switch control.
In some situations when a fault is detected, the system will enter a "derate" mode. The derate mode allows continued vehicle
operation but the system may substitute a sensor or signal value that may result in reduced performance. In some instances,
the system will continue to function but engine power may be
limited to protect the engine and vehicle. Diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) logged in the system memory can later be read, to
aid in diagnosing the problem using a Premium Tech Tool.
The VECU and ECM are dependent on each other to perform
their specific control functions. In addition to switch and sensor
data, the broadcast of data between modules also includes various calculations and conclusions that each module has developed, based on the input information it has received.
1
Group 28 System Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Overview
System Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Overview
The ECM monitors engine parameters to monitor the engine
system's performance in real time. This is performed to aid the
ECM with its self diagnostic capabilities. Many sensors are
used for input to the emission control system.
The system contains the following “emission critical” ECUs that
are monitored;
• Engine Control Module (ECM)
• Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU)
• Aftertreatment Control Module (ACM)
• Aftertreatment Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Sensors
• Engine Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) Smart Re-
mote Actuator (SRA)
These ECUs all communicate with the ECM via data links. The
VECU communicates across the SAE J1939 (CAN1) data link
while the others use the SAE J1939-7 (CAN2) data link. The
OBD systems use SAE J2284 (ISO) data link for communication with scan tools. Scan tools compliant with ISO 15031–5
(SAE J1979) or ISO 14229 will be able to access all emission
critical data from the ECM and ACM. The ECM gateways all of
the DTCs and descriptions from the VECU, NOx Sensors and
the VGT-SRA. The use of a scan tool is necessary to perform
diagnostic work as well as clearing of any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). DTC(s) can no longer be cleared using the vehicles instrument cluster digital display and stalk switch control.
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL), Description and Location
A MIL located in the instrument cluster. This amber colored
lamp is used to inform the driver that an “emission critical” malfunction signal has occurred.
W2036007
2
Group 28 OBD2013 Code Definition
OBD2013 Code Definition
The Diagnostic Trouble Code follows a standardized format. All
DTC’s have a letter followed by a 4-digit code. Here is a breakdown of what an OBD code means.
First Character
• P=Powertrain
• B=Body
• C=Chassis (not used in NA yet)
• U=Network (Data Link), power supply
• P00XX Fuel and air metering and Auxiliary Emissions controls
• P01XX Fuel and air metering
• P02XX Fuel and air metering
• P03XX Ignition system or misfire
• P04XX Auxiliary Emissions Controls
• P05XX Vehicle Speed, Idle control, auxiliary inputs
• P06XX Computer and Auxiliary inputs
• P07XX Transmission
• P08XX Transmission
• P09XX Transmission
• P1XX manufacturer controlled
• P2XX SAE controlled DTCs
• P3XX Manufacturer controlled and SAE reserved
Fifth and Sixth Digit-(if applicable)
• Failure Type Byte (FTB)
The DTC Failure Type Byte defines the DTC Failure Category and Sub Type of a base DTC. It represents the type of fault in the
circuit or system (e.g. sensor open circuit, sensor shorted to ground, algorithm based failure, etc).
• 00 = No Subtype information
• 01 = General Electrical Failure
• 02 = General Signal Failure
• 03 = FM (Frequency Modulated) PWM (Pulse With Modulated) failures
• 04 = System internal Failures
• 05 = System Programming Failures
3
Group 28 OBD2013 Code Definition
• 06 = Algorithm Based Failures
• 07 = Mechanical Failures
• 08 = Bus Signal/Message Failures
• 09 = Component Failures
• 10 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 11 = Circuit short to ground
• 12 = Circuit short to battery
• 13 = Circuit open
• 14 = Circuit short to ground or open
• 15 = Circuit short to battery or open
• 16 = Circuit voltage below threshold
• 17 = Circuit voltage above threshold
• 18 = Circuit current below threshold
• 19 = Circuit current above threshold
• 1A = Circuit resistance below threshold
• 1B = Circuit resistance above threshold
• 1C = Circuit voltage out of range
• 1D = Circuit current out of range
• 1E = Circuit resistance out of range
• 1F = Circuit intermittent
• 20 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 21 = Signal amplitude < minimum
• 22 = Signal amplitude > minimum
• 23 = Signal stuck low
• 24 = Signal stuck high
• 25 = Signal shape/wave form failure
• 26 = Signal rate of change below threshold
• 27 = Signal rate of change above threshold
• 28 = Signal bias level out of range/zero adjustment failure
• 29 = Signal invalid
• 2A = ISO/SAE reserved
4
Group 28 OBD2013 Code Definition
• 2B = ISO/SAE reserved
• 2C = ISO/SAE reserved
• 2D = ISO/SAE reserved
• 2E = ISO/SAE reserved
• 2F = Signal erratic
• 30 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 31 = No signal
• 32 = Signal low time < minimum
• 33 = Signal low time > maximum
• 34 = Signal high time < minimum
• 35 = Signal high time > maximum
• 36 = Signal frequency too low
• 37 = Signal frequency too high
• 38 = Signal frequency incorrect
• 39 = Signal has too few pulses
• 3A = Signal has too many pulses
• 3B = ISO/SAE reserved
• 3C = ISO/SAE reserved
• 3D = ISO/SAE reserved
• 3F = ISO/SAE reserved
• 40 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 41 = General checksum failure
• 42 = General memory failure
• 43 = Special memory failure
• 44 = Data memory failure
• 45 = Program memory failure
• 46 = Calibration/parameter memory failure
• 47 = Watchdog/safety µC failure
• 48 = Supervision software failure
• 49 = Internal electronic failure
• 4A = Incorrect component installed
5
Group 28 OBD2013 Code Definition
• 4B = Over temperature
• 4C = ISO/SAE reserved
• 4D = ISO/SAE reserved
• 4F = ISO/SAE reserved
• 50= ISO/SAE reserved
• 51 = Not programmed
• 52 = Not activated
• 53 = Deactivated
• 54 = Missing calibration
• 55 = Not configured
• 56 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 5A = ISO/SAE reserved
• 5B = ISO/SAE reserved
• 5C = ISO/SAE reserved
• 5D = ISO/SAE reserved
• 5F = ISO/SAE reserved
• 60 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 61 = Signal calculation failure
• 62 = Signal compare failure
• 63 = Circuit/component protection time-out
• 64 = Signal plausibility failure
• 65 = Signal has too few transitions/events
• 66 = Signal has too many transitions/events
• 67 = Signal incorrect after event
• 68 = Event information
• 69 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 6A = ISO/SAE reserved
• 6B = ISO/SAE reserved
• 6C = ISO/SAE reserved
• 6D = ISO/SAE reserved
• 6F = ISO/SAE reserved
• 70 = ISO/SAE reserved
6
Group 28 OBD2013 Code Definition
• 71 = Actuator stuck
• 72 = Actuator stuck open
• 73 = Actuator stuck closed
• 74 = Actuator slipping
• 75 = Emergency position not reachable
• 76 = Wrong mounting position
• 77 = Commanded position not reachable
• 78 = Alignment or adjustment incorrect
• 79 = Mechanical linkage failure
• 7A = Fluid leak or seal failure
• 7B = Low fluid level
• 7C = ISO/SAE reserved
• 7D = ISO/SAE reserved
• 7C = ISO/SAE reserved
• 7D = ISO/SAE reserved
• 7F = ISO/SAE reserved
• 80 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 81 = Invalid serial data received
• 82 = Alive/sequence counter incorrect/not updated
• 83 = Value of signal protection calculation incorrect
• 84 = Signal below allowable range
• 85 = Signal above allowable range
• 86 = Signal invalid
• 87 = Missing message
• 88 = Bus off
• 89 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 8A = ISO/SAE reserved
• 8B = ISO/SAE reserved
• 8C = ISO/SAE reserved
• 8D = ISO/SAE reserved
• 8F = ISO/SAE reserved
7
Group 28 OBD2013 Code Definition
• 90 = ISO/SAE reserved
• 91 = Parametric
• 92 = Performance or incorrect operation
• 93 = No operation
8
Group 28 OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)
OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)
“P0016 Camshaft Position Sensor: Rationality Low”, page 95
“P0046 VGT Position Actuator: VGT Mechanical Fault”, page 118
“P006E VGT Position Actuator: Low Supply Voltage”, page 120
“P0070 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor (AAT): Open Circuit”, page 129
“P0072 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor (AAT): Short Circuit Low”, page 129
“P009A Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor (IMT): Rationality Monitor”, page 78
“P00AF VGT Position Actuator: Bad Device”, page 118
“P0105 Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor (IMP): Open Circuit Check”, page 71
“P0069 Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor Monitor”, page 70
“P0108 Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor (IMP): Short Circuit High”, page 71
“P0110 Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor (IMT): Open Circuit Check”, page 79
“P0112 Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor (IMT): Short Circuit Low”, page 79
“P0115 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT): Open Circuit Check”, page 66
“P0116 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT): Sensor Stuck Low Monitor”, page 65
“P0117 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT): Short Circuit Low”, page 66
“P0128 Engine Cooling System: Stuck Open or Leaking Thermostat Monitor”, page 64
“P0195 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor (OTS): Open Circuit Check”, page 89
“P0196 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor (OTS): Rationality Monitor”, page 88
“P0197 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor (OTS): Short Circuit Low”, page 89
“P0201 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 1)”, page 125
“P0202 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 2)”, page 125
“P0203 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 3)”, page 126
“P0204 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 4)”, page 126
“P0205 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 5)”, page 127
“P0206 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 6)”, page 127
“P0234 Boost Pressure: Overboost”, page 41
“P0262 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 1)”, page 122
“P0265 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 2)”, page 122
“P0268 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 3)”, page 123
“P026C Fuel Injector (low mass flow)”, page 17
“P026D Fuel Injector (high mass flow)”, page 18
“P0271 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 4)”, page 123
“P0274 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 5)”, page 124
“P0277 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 6)”, page 124
“P0299 Boost Pressure: Underboost”, page 40
“P02CD Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 1)”, page 19
9
Group 28 OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)
“P02CF Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)”, page 20
“P02D1 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)”, page 20
“P02D3 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)”, page 21
“P02D5 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 5)”, page 21
“P02D7 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 6)”, page 22
“P0300 Misfire Multiple Cylinders”, page 29
“P0301 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 1)”, page 23
“P0301 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 1)”, page 30
“P0302 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)”, page 24
“P0302 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 2)”, page 31
“P0303 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)”, page 25
“P0303 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 3)”, page 32
“P0304 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)”, page 26
“P0304 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 4)”, page 33
“P0305 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 5)”, page 27
“P0305 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 5)”, page 34
“P0306 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 6)”, page 28
“P0306 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 6)”, page 35
“P0335 Crankshaft Position Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 93
“P0336 Crankshaft Position Sensor: Rationality High”, page 94
“P0339 Crankshaft Position Sensor: Rationality Low”, page 93
“P0340 Camshaft Position Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 95
“P0341 Camshaft Position Sensor: Rationality High”, page 96
“P0401 EGR System (Low Flow)”, page 36
“P0402 EGR System (High Flow)”, page 37
“P0403 EGR Valve Actuator: Open Circuit”, page 121
“P0406 EGR Differential Pressure Sensor: Short Circuit High”, page 75
“P0409 EGR Differential Pressure Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 75
“P040A EGR Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 81
“P040B EGR Temperature Sensor: Rationality Monitor”, page 80
“P040C EGR Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 81
“P20EE NOx Catalyst: Conversion Efficiency”, page 45
“P0420 NOx Catalyst: Missing SCR”, page 46
“P0420 NOx Catalyst: Reductant Delivery Performance”, page 47
“P0420 NMHC Catalyst: Conversion Efficiency”, page 43
“P0421 NMHC Catalyst: Missing Substrate”, page 44
“P046C EGR Differential Pressure Sensor: DP Sensor Rationality”, page 74
“P0489 EGR Valve Actuator: Short Circuit Low”, page 121
10
Group 28 OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)
“P04DB Crankcase Ventilation: Disconnected Pipe/Separator Monitor”, page 67
“P04D9 EGR System: Feedback Control (Saturated Low)”, page 39
“P04DA EGR System: Feedback Control (Saturated High)”, page 39
“P0500 Wheel Based Vehicle Speed: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS): Open Circuit”, page 131
“P0502 Wheel Based Vehicle Speed: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS): Short Circuit Low”, page 131
“P0506 Idle Engine Speed Rationality: Idle Speed Low”, page 141
“P0507 Idle Engine Speed Rationality: Idle Speed High”, page 142
“P051A Crankcase Pressure Sensor (CPS): Open Circuit Check”, page 77
“P051B Crankcase Pressure Sensor (CPS): Rationality Monitor”, page 76
“P051D Crankcase Pressure Sensor (CPS): Short Circuit High”, page 77
“P0520 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor (OPS): Open Circuit Check”, page 91
“P0521 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor: Rationality Monitor”, page 90
“P0523 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor (OPS): Short Circuit High”, page 91
“P0544 Pre-DOC Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 85
“P0545 Pre-DOC Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 85
“P054E Idle Engine Fuel Rationality: Fuel Rationality Low”, page 143
“P054F Idle Engine Fuel Rationality: Fuel Rationality High”, page 144
“P05E4 Parking Brake Switch: Short Circuit Low”, page 134
“P0652 Idle Validation Switch (IVS): Short Circuit Low”, page 146
“P0657 Actuator Supply #1 ACM: Open Circuit”, page 149
“P0658 Actuator Supply #1 ACM: Short Circuit Low”, page 149
“P0659 Actuator Supply #1 ACM: Short Circuit High”, page 150
“P06B1 ACM Sensor Supply #1: Below Range”, page 147
“P06B1 ECM Supply #1: Below Range”, page 135
“P06B2 ACM Sensor Supply #1: Above Range”, page 147
“P06B2 ACM Sensor Supply #1: Above Range”, page 147
“P06B4 ECM Supply #2: Below Range”, page 136
“P06B4 ACM Sensor Supply #2: Below Range”, page 148
“P06B5 ACM Sensor Supply #2: Above Range”, page 148
“P06B5 ECM Supply #2: Above Range”, page 136
“P06E7 ECM Supply #3: Below Range”, page 137
“P06E8 ECM Supply #3: Above Range”, page 137
“P1080 Actuator Supply #2 ACM: Open Circuit”, page 150
“P1095 Actuator Supply #2 ACM: Short Circuit Low”, page 151
“P1096 Actuator Supply #2 ACM: Short Circuit High”, page 151
“P1131 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Air Purge Valve: Short Circuit Low”, page 102
“P1134 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Air Purge Valve: Open Circuit”, page 102
“P2002 PM Filter Efficiency Monitor”, page 49
11
Group 28 OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)
“P2031 Post-DOC Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 86
“P2032 Post-DOC Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 86
“P2047 Aftertreatment SCR Dosing Valve: Open Circuit”, page 116
“P2048 Aftertreatment SCR Dosing Valve: Short Circuit Low”, page 117
“P2049 Aftertreatment SCR Dosing Valve: Short Circuit High”, page 116
“P204A Aftertreatment DEF Pump Pressure Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 114
“P204B Aftertreatment DEF Pump Pressure Sensor: Rationality”, page 113
“P204C Aftertreatment DEF Pump Pressure Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 114
“P205A Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 106
“P205B Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature Sensor: Rationality Low”, page 105
“P205C Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 106
“P2080 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensors: Pre-DOC Rationality Check”, page 82
“P2084 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor: Post-DOC Rationality Check”, page 83
“P208A Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Open Circuit”, page 108
“P208C Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Short Circuit Low”, page 109
“P208D Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Short Circuit High”, page 108
“P208E Aftertreatment SCR Dosing Valve: Functional Check”, page 115
“P209F Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature Sensor: Rationality High”, page 105
“P20A0 Aftertreatment DEF Pump Direction Valve: Open Circuit”, page 111
“P20A1 Aftertreatment DEF Pump Direction Valve: Functional Check”, page 110
“P20A2 Aftertreatment DEF Pump Direction Valve: Short Circuit Low”, page 112
“P20A3 Aftertreatment DEF Pump Direction Valve: Short Circuit High”, page 111
“P20D7 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser Solenoid: Open Circuit”, page 100
“P20D9 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser Solenoid: Short Circuit Low”, page 100
“P20DD Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser Fuel Pressure Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 98
“P20E0 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser Fuel Pressure Sensor: Short Circuit High”, page 98
“P20E8 Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Pump Pressure Build Up”, page 107
“P2109 Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: Rationality Low”, page 132
“P2136 Idle Validation Switch (IVS): IVS Does Not Match Accelerator Pedal Position”, page 145
“P215A Wheel Based Vehicle Speed: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS): Rationality”, page 130
“P2163 Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: Rationality High”, page 132
“P218F Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Functional Check”, page 107
“P2200 NOx Sensor #1: Open Circuit”, page 55
“P2201 NOx Sensor #1: Rationality Monitor”, page 51
“P2203 NOx Sensor #1: Short Circuit Low”, page 55
“P220A NOx Sensor #1: Supply Voltage Out of Range”, page 56
“P220B NOx Sensor #2: Supply Voltage Out of Range”, page 63
“P220E NOx Sensor #1: Sensor Start Up Monitor”, page 53
12
Group 28 OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)
“P220F NOx Sensor #2: Sensor Start Up Monitor”, page 59
“P221A NOx Sensors: NOx Sensor Measurement Rationality Monitor”, page 61
“P2226 Barometric Pressure Sensor (BPS): Open Circuit Check”, page 69
“P2227 Barometric Pressure Sensor (BPS): Rationality Monitor”, page 68
“P2229 Barometric Pressure Sensor (BPS): Short Circuit High”, page 69
“P225C Inlet and Outlet NOx Sensor Stuck High ”, page 52
“P225E NOx Sensor #2: Rationality High Monitor”, page 58
“P226C Boost Pressure Slow Response”, page 42
“P229E NOx Sensor #2: Open Circuit”, page 62
“P229F NOx Sensor #2: Rationality Low Monitor”, page 57
“P22A1 NOx Sensor #2: Short Circuit Low”, page 62
“P22FB NOx Sensor #1: Bad Device Monitor”, page 54
“P22FE NOx Sensor #2: Bad Device Monitor”, page 60
“P240F EGR System Slow Response”, page 38
“P242A Post-DPF Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 87
“P242B Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensors: Post-DPF Rationality Check”, page 84
“P242C Post-DPF Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 87
“P244A PM Filter: Missing Substrate”, page 50
“P2452 Aftertreatment Differential Pressure Sensor (DPS): Open Circuit Check”, page 73
“P2453 Aftertreatment Differential Pressure Sensor (DPS): DPS Differential Pressure Sensor”, page 72
“P2454 Aftertreatment Differential Pressure Sensor (DPS): Short Circuit Low”, page 73
“P249D NOx Catalyst: Feedback Control (Saturated Low Monitor)”, page 48
“P249E NOx Catalyst: Feedback Control (Saturated High Monitor)”, page 48
“P2578 Turbocharger Speed Sensor (TSS): Missing Signal Monitor”, page 92
“P2581 Turbocharger Speed Sensor (TSS): Rationality High”, page 92
“P2697 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Dosing Valve: Open Circuit”, page 104
“P2698 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Dosing Valve: Functional”, page 103
“P2699 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Dosing Valve: Short Circuit Low”, page 104
“U0001 CAN Link: Missing Signal on Backbone 2”, page 140
“U0010 CAN Link: SAE J1939-1 Missing Signal”, page 138
“U0080 CAN Link: Powertrain CAN Missing Signal”, page 139
“U010C VGT Position Actuator: Missing Signal”, page 119
“U0141 CAN Link: Missing Signal from the VECU”, page 140
“U0155 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor (AAT): Missing Signal”, page 128
“U029D NOx Sensor #1: Missing Signal”, page 56
“U029E NOx Sensor #2: Missing Signal”, page 63
“U116F CAN Link: Missing ACM at Engine Subnet”, page 139
13
Group 28 Definitions and Terminology
Definitions and Terminology
Confirmed Fault Code:
The diagnostic trouble code (DTC) stored when an OBD system has confirmed that a malfunction exists.
Continuous Monitors:
Monitors that are always running after enabling criteria has
been met.
Deactivate:
Means to turn-off, shutdown, desensitize, or otherwise make inoperable through software programming or other means during
the actual life of the engine.
Diagnostic or Emission Critical:
Refers to the engine and any other on-board electronic control
unit containing software that has primary control over any of the
required monitors, excluding anti-lock brake system (ABS) control units or stability/traction control units, and has primary control over the diagnostics for more than two of the components
required to be monitored.
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
In the heavy truck industry, codes that are developed by SAE
standards to help diagnose and track problems in a vehicle detected by its on-board diagnostics (OBD).
Drive Cycle:
The combination of driving conditions that enable a monitor and
allow it to be completed.
It is defined as a trip that meets any of the four conditions
below:
• Begins with engine start and ends with engine shutoff
• Begins with engine start and ends after four hours of continu-
ous engine-on operation
• Begins at the end of the previous four hours of continuous
engine-on operation and ends after four hours of continuous
engine-on operation
• Begins at the end of the previous four hours of continuous
engine-on operation and ends with engine shutoff
Enable Conditions:
A combination of conditions occurring to trigger a specific monitor to run.
Engine Misfire:
Means lack of combustion in the cylinder due to absence of
spark, poor fuel metering, poor compression, or any other
cause. This does not include lack of combustion events in nonactive cylinders due to default fuel shut-off or cylinder deactivation strategies.
14
Group 28 Engine Start:
Engine Start:
Is defined as the point when the engine reaches a speed 150
rpm below the normal, warmed-up idle speed (as determined in
the drive position for vehicles equipped with an automatic
transmission).
Fault Memory:
Information pertaining to malfunctions stored in the onboard
computer, including fault codes, stored engine conditions, and
MIL status.
Functional Check:
For an output component or system means verification of proper response of the component and system to a computer
command.
Ignition Cycle:
A drive cycle that begins with engine start, meets the engine
start definition for at least two seconds plus or minus one second, and ends with engine shutoff.
Key On, Engine Off (KOEO):
Refers to a vehicle with the ignition key in the engine run position (not engine crank or accessory position) but with the engine
not running.
Key On, Engine Running (KOER):
Refers to a vehicle with the ignition key in the engine run position with the engine running.
Malfunction:
Means any deterioration or failure of a component that causes
the performance to be outside of the applicable limits.
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL):
An amber colored lamp located in the instrument cluster used
to inform the driver that an “emission critical” malfunction signal
has occurred.
MIL-On Fault Code:
For engines using ISO15765 or SAE J1979 data link, refers to
the DTC stored when an OBD system has confirmed that a malfunction exists (typically on the second drive cycle that the malfunction is detected).
Monitor
Testing routines, performed by the ECM and ACM, which are
designed to indicate that all of the components within a portion
of the Engine Management System (EMS) are working properly
to minimize emissions.
Noncontinuous Monitors:
Monitors that are only run only when their individual enabling
criteria is met.
15
Group 28 On-Board Diagnostics (OBD):
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD):
A term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic, monitoring and
fault code reporting capability.
Pending Fault Code:
A DTC stored upon the initial detection of a malfunction (typically on a single drive cycle) prior to illumination of the MIL.
Permanent Fault Code:
A confirmed or MIL-on fault code that is currently commanding
the MIL on and is stored in NVRAM.
Rationality Fault Diagnostic:
For an input component means verification of the accuracy of
the input signal while in the range of normal operation and when
compared to all other available information.
Warm-Up Cycle:
Means sufficient vehicle operation such that the coolant temperature has risen by at least 40 degrees Fahrenheit from engine start and reaches a minimum temperature of at least 160
degrees Fahrenheit (140 degrees Fahrenheit for applications
with diesel engines).
16
Group 28 Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity
All cylinders may have pressure, timing and quantity deviations
which result in significant change in engine performance and
exhaust gas composition. These deviations may in part be used
to diagnose and evaluate a faulty fuel system.
Using the NOx sensors on the vehicle.
P026C Fuel Injector (low mass flow)
DTC P026C
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low
Monitor Strategy Description Actual air fuel ratio based fueling compared to expected
Fault Limit Ratio = (Air fuel ratio based estimated fuel flow Modeled Fuel flow) < 0.85
Enable Conditions
• Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature 100 - 400 °C
• DOC Outlet Temperature 200 - 400 °C
• DPF Outlet Temperature 200 - 400 °C
• Average Engine Speed 1000 - 2000 RPM
• Average Engine Torque > 1000 Nm
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0071, P0108, P0105, P0340, P0335, P2200,
P2203, P221A
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 45 seconds (accumulated time)
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
17
Group 28 P026D Fuel Injector (high mass flow)
P026D Fuel Injector (high mass flow)
DTC P026D
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High
Monitor Strategy Description Actual air fuel ratio based fueling compared to expected
Fault Limit Ratio = (Air fuel ratio based estimated fuel flow Modeled Fuel flow) > 1.42
Enable Conditions
• Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature 100 - 400 °C
• DOC Outlet Temperature 200 - 400 °C
• DPF Outlet Temperature 200 - 400 °C
• Average Engine Speed 1000 - 2000 RPM
• Average Engine Torque > 1000 Nm
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0071, P0108, P0105, P0340, P0335, P2200,
P2203, P221A
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 45 seconds (accumulated time)
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
18
Group 28
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity Threshold – Single Cylin-
der High Mass Flow
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity Threshold – Single Cylinder High Mass
Flow
This OBD monitor works by observing engine acceleration as
measured by the crank angle sensor. This acceleration measurement is taken during a crank angle window where the current firing cylinder should be generating it’s torque. Acceleration
is then filtered with a low pass filter and after all cylinders have
fired, an average acceleration of all cylinders is generated. The
error of each cylinder is calculated as the deviation of it’s
P02CD Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 1)
DTC P02CD
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 1)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder fueling offset
Fault Limit Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA
individual acceleration reading from the average acceleration
value.
An average quantity offset value for all cylinders (either positive
or negative) is calculated and if a single cylinder’s fuel value deviates from a calibrated limit a DTC is set.
Enable Conditions
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304,
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201,
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 600 seconds (accumulated time at idle)
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
19
Group 28 P02CF Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)
P02CF Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)
DTC P02CF
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 2)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder fueling offset
Fault Limit Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA
Enable Conditions
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304,
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201,
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 600 seconds (accumulated time at idle)
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
P02D1 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)
DTC P02D1
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 3)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder fueling offset
Fault Limit Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA
Enable Conditions
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304,
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201,
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 600 seconds (accumulated time at idle)
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
20
Group 28 P02D3 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)
P02D3 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)
DTC P02D3
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 4)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder fueling offset
Fault Limit Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA
Enable Conditions
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304,
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201,
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 600 seconds (accumulated time at idle)
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
P02D5 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 5)
DTC P02D5
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 5)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder fueling offset
Fault Limit Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA
Enable Conditions
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304,
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201,
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 600 seconds (accumulated time at idle)
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
21
Group 28 P02D7 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 6)
P02D7 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 6)
DTC P02D7
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 6)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder fueling offset
Fault Limit Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA
Enable Conditions
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304,
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201,
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 600 seconds (accumulated time at idle)
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
22
Group 28
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity Threshold – Single Cylin-
der Low Mass Flow
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity Threshold – Single Cylinder Low Mass
Flow
The single cylinder low mass flow malfunction is monitored using the misfire detection monitor. See “Misfire Monitoring at Idle
Conditions”, page 29 for detailed monitor descriptions.
P0301 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 1)
DTC P0301
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low (Cylinder 1)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder engine flywheel acceleration evaluation
Fault Limit Number of misfire events per cylinder 400 out of 500
Enable Conditions
• Average Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Number of Cylinders Misfiring < 4 Cylinders
• Engine Torque 0 - 400 Nm
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Revolution Count 125 Revolutions
• Delay Time After Engine Start 60 seconds
• Delay Time After Enable Condition Met 10 seconds
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271,
P0274, P0277, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 180 Seconds
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
23
Group 28 P0302 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)
P0302 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)
DTC P0302
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low (Cylinder 2)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder engine flywheel acceleration evaluation
Fault Limit Number of misfire events per cylinder 400 out of 500
Enable Conditions
• Average Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Number of Cylinders Misfiring < 4 Cylinders
• Engine Torque 0 - 400 Nm
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Revolution Count 125 Revolutions
• Delay Time After Engine Start 60 seconds
• Delay Time After Enable Condition Met 10 seconds
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271,
P0274, P0277, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 180 Seconds
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
24
Group 28 P0303 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)
P0303 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)
DTC P0303
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low (Cylinder 3)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder engine flywheel acceleration evaluation
Fault Limit Number of misfire events per cylinder 400 out of 500
Enable Conditions
• Average Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Number of Cylinders Misfiring < 4 Cylinders
• Engine Torque 0 - 400 Nm
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Revolution Count 125 Revolutions
• Delay Time After Engine Start 60 seconds
• Delay Time After Enable Condition Met 10 seconds
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271,
P0274, P0277, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 180 Seconds
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
25
Group 28 P0304 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)
P0304 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)
DTC P0304
Component / System Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low (Cylinder 4)
Monitor Strategy Description Single cylinder engine flywheel acceleration evaluation
Fault Limit Number of misfire events per cylinder 400 out of 500
Enable Conditions
• Average Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM
• PTO Not Active
• Number of Cylinders Misfiring < 4 Cylinders
• Engine Torque 0 - 400 Nm
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h
• Revolution Count 125 Revolutions
• Delay Time After Engine Start 60 seconds
• Delay Time After Enable Condition Met 10 seconds
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C
• Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa
• Coolant Temperature > 65 °C
Disable Conditions
No Active DTC's:
• P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271,
P0274, P0277, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206
Time Required For DTC To Be Set 180 Seconds
MIL Illumination 2 Drive Cycles
Probable Causes See Tech Tool
26
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