Lexicon M480L Owner's Manual
Owner's Manual
480L
Digital Effects System
Important Safety Instructions
Save these instructions for later use.
Follow all instructions and warnings marked on the unit.
Always use with the correct line voltage. Refer to the manufacturer's operating instructions for power requirements. Be advised that different
operating voltages may require the use of a different line cord and/or attachment plug.
Do not install the unit in an unventilated rack, or directly above heat producing equipment such as power amplifiers. Observe the maximum
ambient operating temperature listed in the product specification.
Slots and opening on the case are provided for ventilation; to ensure reliable operation and prevent it from overheating, these openings must
not be blocked or covered. Never push objects of any kind through any of the ventilation slots. Never spill a liquid of any kind on the unit.
Never attach audio power amplifier outputs directly to any of the unit's connectors.
To prevent shock or fire hazard, do not expose the unit to rain or moisture, or operate it where it will be exposed to water.
Do not attempt to operate the unit if it has been dropped, damaged, exposed to liquids, or if it exhibits a distinct change in performance indicating
the need for service.
This unit should only be opened by qualified service personnel. Removing covers will expose you to hazardous voltages.
This triangle, which appears on your component,
alerts you to the presence of uninsulated, dangerous
voltage inside the enclosure... voltage that may be
sufficient to constitute a risk of shock.
CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
This triangle, which appears on your component,
alerts you to important operating and maintenance
instructions in this accompanying literature.
Adhere to all warnings on the unit and in the operating instructions.
Take precautions not to defeat the grounding or polarization of the unit's power cord.
Do not overload wall outlet, extension cords or integral convenience receptacles, as this can result in a risk of fire or electrical shock.
Route power supply cords so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed on or against them, paying particular attention
to cords at plugs, conveneince receptacles, and the point at which they exit from the unit.
The unit should be cleaned only as recommended by the manufacturer.
Communications Notice
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designated to provide
reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur
in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment OFF and ON, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient the receiving antenna
Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver
Move the computer away from the receiver
Plug the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits.
If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find
the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful: "How to identify and Resolve Radio/TV Interference
Problems." This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.
Le présent appareil numérique n'émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la class
A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada.
Warranty Notice
The Nonvolatile Memory Cartridge supplied with this unit carries a 30-day limited warranty.
Copyright ©1996 Lexicon. Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Lexicon, Inc.• 3 Oak Park• Bedford MA • 01730-1441 USA•Tel: 617-280-0300 • Fax: 617- 280-0490
Lexicon Part #070-11774
Printed in the United States of America
Dansk
Vigtig information om sikkerhed
Gem denne vejledning til senere brug.
Følg alle anvisninger og advarsler på apparatet.
Apparatet skal altid tilsluttes den korrekte spænding. Der henvises til
brugsanvisningen, der indeholder specifikationer for strømforsyning. Der
gøres opmærksom på, at ved varierende driftsspændinger kan det blive
nødvendigt at bruge andre lednings- og/eller stiktyper.
Apparatet må ikke monteres i et kabinet uden ventilation eller lige over
andet udstyr, der udvikler varme, f.eks. forstærkere. Den maksimale
omgivelsestemperatur ved drift, der står opført i specifikationerne, skal
overholdes.
Der er ventilationsåbninger i kabinettet. For at sikre apparatets drift og
hindre overophedning må disse åbninger ikke blokeres eller tildækkes. Stik
aldrig noget ind igennem ventilationsåbningerne, og pas på aldrig at spilde
nogen form for væske på apparatet.
Udgangsstik fra audioforstærkere må aldrig sættes direkte i apparatet.
Apparatet må ikke udsættes for regn eller fugt og må ikke bruges i
nærheden af vand for at undgå risiko for elektrisk stød og brand.
Apparatet må aldrig bruges, hvis det er blevet stødt, beskadiget eller vådt,
eller hvis ændringer i ydelsen tyder på, at det trænger til eftersyn.
Dette apparat må kun åbnes af fagfolk. Hvis dækslet tages af, udsættes
man for livsfarlig højspænding.
Denne mærkat på komponenten advarer om uisoleret, farlig spænding
i apparatet ... høj nok til at give elektrisk stød.
Denne mærkat på komponenten advarer om vigtig drifts- og
vedligeholdsinformation i den tilhørende litteratur.
Suomi
Tärkeitä turvallisuusohjeita
Säilytä nämä ohjeet tulevaa käyttöä varten.
Seuraa kaikkia yksikköön merkittyjä ohjeita ja varoituksia.
Käytä aina oikeaa verkkojännitettä. Tehovaatimukset selviävät valmistajan
käyttöohjeista. Huomaa, että eri käyttöjännitteet saattavat vaatia
toisenlaisen verkkojohdon ja/tai -pistokkeen käytön.
Älä asenna yksikköä telineeseen jossa ei ole tuuletusta, tai välittömästi
lämpöä tuottavien laitteiden, esim. tehovahvistimien, yläpuolelle.
Ympäristön lämpötila käytössä ei saa ylittää tuotespesifikaation
maksimilämpötilaa.
Kotelo on varustettu tuuletusreiillä ja -aukoilla. Luotettavan toiminnan
varmistamiseksi ja ylilämpenemisen välttämiseksi näitä aukkoja ei saa
sulkea tai peittää. Mitään esineitä ei saa työntää tuuletusaukkoihin. Mitään
nesteitä ei saa kaataa yksikköön.
Älä kytke audiotehovahvistimen lähtöjä suoraan mihinkään yksikön
liittimeen.
Sähköiskun ja palovaaran välttämiseksi yksikkö ei saa olla sateessa tai
kosteassa, eikä sitä saa käyttää märässä ympäristössä.
Älä käytä yksikköä jos se on pudonnut, vaurioitunut, kostunut, tai jos sen
suorituskyky on huomattavasti muuttunut, mikä vaatii huoltoa.
Yksikön saa avata vain laitteeseen perehtynyt huoltohenkilö. Kansien
poisto altistaa sinut vaarallisille jännitteille.
Tämä kolmio, joka esiintyy komponentissasi, varoittaa sinua
eristämättömän vaarallisen jännitteen esiintymisestä yksikön sisällä.
Tämä jännite saattaa olla riittävän korkea aiheuttamaan
sähköiskuvaaran.
Tämä kolmio, joka esiintyy komponentissasi, kertoo sinulle, että
tässä tuotedokumentoinnissa esiintyy tärkeitä käyttö- ja ylläpitoohjeita.
Norsk
Viktig informasjon om sikkerhet
Ta vare på denne veiledningen for senere bruk.
Følg alle anvisningene og advarslene som er angitt på apparatet.
Apparatet skal alltid anvendes med korrekt spenning. Produktbeskrivelsen
inneholder spesifikasjoner for strømkrav. Vær oppmerksom på at det ved
ulike driftsspenninger kan være nødvendig å bruke en annen ledning- og/
eller støpseltype.
Apparatet skal ikke monteres i skap uten ventilasjon, eller direkte over
varmeproduserende utstyr, som for eksempel kraftforsterkere. Den
maksimale romtemperaturen som står oppgitt i produktbeskrivelsen, skal
overholdes.
Apparatet er utstyrt med ventilasjonsåpninger. For at apparatet skal være
pålitelig i bruk og ikke overopphetes, må disse åpningene ikke blokkeres
eller tildekkes. Stikk aldri noe inn i ventilasjonsåpningene, og pass på at det
aldri søles noen form for væske på apparatet.
Utgangsplugger fra audioforsterkere skal aldri koples direkte til apparatet.
Unngå brannfare og elektrisk støt ved å sørge for at apparatet ikke utsettes
for regn eller fuktighet og ikke anvendes i nærheten av vann.
Apparatet skal ikke brukes hvis det har blitt utsatt for støt, er skadet eller blitt
vått, eller hvis endringer i ytelsen tyder på at det trenger service.
Dette apparatet skal kun åpnes av fagfolk. Hvis dekselet fjernes, utsettes
man for livsfarlig høyspenning.
Komponenten er merket med denne trekanten, som er en advarsel
om at det finnes uisolert, farlig spenning inne i kabinettet ... høy nok
til å utgjøre en fare for elektrisk støt.
Svenska
Viktiga säkerhetsföreskrifter
Spara dessa föreskrifter för framtida bruk.
Följ alla anvisningar och varningar som anges på enheten.
Använd alltid rätt nätspänning. Se tillverkarens bruksanvisningar för infor-
mation om effektkrav. Märkväl, att andra matningsspänningar eventuellt
kräver att en annan typs nätsladd och/eller kontakt används.
Installera inte enheten i ett oventilerat stativ, eller direkt ovanför utrustningar
som avger värme, t ex effektförstärkare. Se till att omgivningens temperatur
vid drift inte överskrider det angivna värdet i produktspecifikationen.
Behållaren är försedd med hål och öppningar för ventilering. För att
garantera tillförlitlig funktion och förhindra överhettning får dessa öppningar
inte blockeras eller täckas. Inga föremål får skuffas in genom ventilationshålen.
Inga vätskor får spillas på enheten.
Anslut aldrig audioeffektförstärkarutgångar direkt till någon av enhetens
kontakter.
För att undvika elstöt eller brandfara får enheten inte utsättas för regn eller
fukt, eller användas på ställen där den blir våt.
Använd inte enheten om den har fallit i golvet, skadats, blivit våt, eller om
dess prestanda förändrats märkbart, vilket kräver service.
Enheten får öppnas endast av behörig servicepersonal. Farliga spänningar
blir tillgängliga när locken tas bort.
Denna triangel, som visas på din komponent, varnar dig om en
oisolerad farlig spänning inne i enheten. Denna spänning är eventuellt
så hög att fara för elstöt föreligger.
Komponenten er merket med denne trekanten, som betyr at den
tilhørende litteraturen inneholder viktige opplysninger om drift og
vedlikehold.
Denna triangel, som visas på din komponent, anger att viktiga
bruksanvisningar och serviceanvisningar ingår i dokumentationen i
fråga.
Wichtige Sicherheitsanweisungen
Deutsch
Heben Sie sich diese Sicherheitsanweisungen auch für später auf.
Befolgen Sie alle auf der Vorrichtung stehenden Anweisungen und Warnungen.
Immer nur mit der richtigen Spannung verwenden! Die Gebrauchsanweisungen
des Herstellers informieren Sie über die elektrischen Anforderungen.
Vergessen Sie nicht daß bei verschiedenen Betriebsspannungen ggf. auch
verschiedene Leitungskabel und/oder Verbindungsstecker zu verwenden
sind.
Stellen Sie die Vorrichtung nicht in ein unbelüftetes Gestell oder unmittelbar
über wärmeerzeugende Geräte wie z.B. Tonverstärker. Halten Sie die in den
Produktspezifikationen angegebene maximale Umgebungstemperatur bei
Betrieb ein.
Schlitze und Öffnungen im Gehäuse dienen der Belüfung; um verläßlichen
Betrieb sicherzustellen und Überheizen zu vermeiden dürfen diese Öffnungen
nich verstopft oder abgedeckt werden. Stecken Sie nie irgend einen
Gegenstand durch die Belüftungsschlitze. Vergießen Sie keine Flüssigkeiten
auf den Apparat.
Schließen Sie nie Tonverstärker unmittelbar an einen Anschluß des Apparates
an.
Um elektrischen Schlag oder Feuer zu vermeiden, setzen Sie den Apparat
weder Regen noch Feuchtigkeit aus und betreiben Sie ihn nicht dort wo
Wasser eindringen könnte.
Versuchen Sie nicht den Apparat zu betreiben falls er fallen gelassen,
beschädigt, oder Flüssigkeiten ausgesetzt wurde, oder falls sich seine
Arbeitsweise derart ändert daß daraus ein Bedarf nach Raparatur zu schließen
ist.
Dieser Apparat sollte nur von qualifizierten Fachleuten geöffnet werden. Das
Abnehmen von Abdeckungen setzt Sie gefährlichen Spannungen aus.
Español
Instrucciones importantes de seguridad
Guarde esta instrucciones para uso posterior.
Utilice siempre el voltaje correcto. Diríjase a las instrucciones de operación
del fabricante para obtener las especificaciones de potencia. Esté al tanto
de que voltajes de operación distintos requieren el uso de cables y/o
enchufes distintos.
No instale esta unidad en un estante sin ventilación, ni tampoco directamente
encima de equipos que generen calor tales como amplificadores de
potencia. Fíjese en las temperaturas ambientales máximas de operación
que se mencionan en las especificaciones del producto.
Las aperturas y ranuras del chasis sirven para proveer la ventilación
necesaria para operar la unidad con seguridad y para prevenir
sobrecalentamiento, y por lo tanto no pueden ser obstruidas o cubiertas. No
introduzca objetos de ningún tipo a través de las ranuras de ventilación, y
nunca deje caer ningún líquido sobre la unidad.
Nunca conecte ningún tipo de salida de amplificadores de sonido directamente
a los conectores de la unidad.
Para prevenir descargas eléctricas o incendios, mantenga la unidad alejada
de la lluvia, humedad o cualquier lugar en el que pueda entrar en contacto
con agua.
No trate de hacer funcionar la unidad si se ha caído, está dañada, ha entrado
en contacto con líquidos, o si nota cualquier cambio brusco en su
funcionamiento que indique la necesidad de hacerle un servicio de
mantenimiento.
Esta unidad deberá ser abierta únicamente por personal calificado. Si usted
quita las coberturas se expondrá a voltajes peligrosos.
Dieses Dreieck auf Ihrem Apparat warnt Sie vor nicht-isolierter,
gefährlicher Spannung im Gehäuse ... stark genug um eine
Berührungsgefahr darzustellen.
Dieses Dreieck auf Ihrem Apparat bedeutet daß wichtige Betriebsund Wartungsanweisungen in der mitgelieferten Dokumentation zu
finden sind.
Français
Instructions de Sûreté Importantes
Gardez ces instructions pour réference future.
Observez toutes les instructions et tous les avertissements marqués sur
l’appareil.
Branchez uniquements sur un réseau de tension indiquée. Consultez le
manuel d’instruction du fabriquant pour les spécifications de courant.
N’oubliez pas que différentes tensions peuvent nécessiter l’utilisation de
cables et/ou de fiches de connexion différents.
N’installez pas l’appareil en un compartiment non-aéré ou directement audessus d’équipements générateurs de chaleur, tels qu’amplificateurs de
courants, etc. Ne dépassez pas la température ambiante maximale de
fonctionnement indiquée dans les spécifications du produit.
Des fentes et ouvertures sont prévues dans le boîtier pour l’aération; Pour
assurer le bon fonctionnement et pour prévenir l’échauffement, ces ouvertures
ne doivent pas être couvertes ou bloquées. N’insérez pas d’objets dans les
fentes d’aération. Empêchez tout liquide de se répandre sur l’appareil.
Ne connectez jamais d’amplificateurs audio directement aux connecteurs
de l’appareil.
Pour empêcher les chocs électriques et le danger d’incendie, évitez d’exposer
l’appareil à la pluie ou à l’humidité, et ne le mettez pas en marche en un
endroit où il serait exposé aux éclaboussures d’eau.
N’essayez pas de faire fonctionner l’appareil s’il est tombé à terre, a été
endommangé, exposé à un liquide, ou si vous observez des différences
nettes dans son fonctionnement, indiquant la nécessité de réparations.
Cet appareil ne doit être ouvert que par un personnel de service qualifié. En
enlevant les couvercles vous vous exposez à des tensions électriques
dangereuses.
Este triángulo que aparece en su componente le advierte sobre la
existencia dentro del chasis de voltajes peligrosos sin aislantes ...
voltajes que son lo suficientemente grandes como para causar
electrocución.
Este triángulo que aparece en su componente lo alerta sobre las
instrucciones de operación y mantenimiento importantes que están
en los materiales de lectura que se incluyen.
Italiano
Importanti norme di sicurezza
Conservare le presenti norme per l’utilizzo futuro.
Osservare tutte le istruzioni e le avvertenze apposte sull’unità.
Utilizzare esclusivamente con la tensione di rete corretta. Consultare le
istruzioni operative fornite dal fabbricante per i dati riguardanti la tensione e
l’assorbimento di corrente. Potrebbe essere necessario l’uso di cavi di rete
e/o di spine diverse a seconda della tensione utilizzata.
Non installare l’unità in uno scaffale privo di ventilazione oppure direttamente
sopra una fonte di calore, come, ad esempio, un amplificatore. Non superare
la temperatura ambientale massima di funzionamento riportata nei dati
tecnici del prodotto.
Le fessure e le altre aperture nella scatola servono alla ventilazione. Per un
funzionamento affidabile, e per evitare un eventuale surriscaldamento,
queste aperture non vanno ostruite o coperte in nessun modo. Evitare in tutti
i casi di inserire oggetti di qualsiasi genere attraverso le fessure di ventilazione.
Non versare mai del liquido di nessun tipo sull’unità.
Evitare sempre di collegare le uscite dell’amplificatore audio direttamente ai
connettori dell’unità.
Per prevenire il pericolo di folgorazione e di incendio non esporre l’unità alla
pioggia o ad un’umidità eccessiva; evitare di adoperare l’unità dove potrebbe
entrare in contatto con acqua.
Evitare di adoperare l’unità se la stessa è stata urtata violentemente, se ha
subito un danno, se è stata esposta ad un liquido o in caso di un evidente
cambiamento delle prestazioni che indichi la necessità di un intervento di
assistenza tecnica.
Ogni intervento sull’unità va eseguito esclusivamente da personale qualificato.
La rimozione della copertura comporta l’esposizione al pericolo di
folgorazione.
Ce triangle, sur votre appareil vous avertit de la présence de tension
dangereuse, non-isolée à l’intérieur du boîtier...une tension suffisante
pour représenter un danger d’électrocution.
Ce triangle sur sur votre appareil vous invite de suivre d’importantes
instructions d’utilisation et d’entretien dans la documentation livrée
avec le produit.
Il presente triangolo impresso sul componente avverte della presenza
di tensioni pericolose non isolate all’interno della copertura... tali
tensioni rappresentano un pericolo di folgorazione
Il presente triangolo impresso sul componente avverte l’utente della
presenza nella documentazione allegata di importanti istruzioni relative
al funzionamento ed alla manutenzione.
Owner's Manual
480L
Digital Effects System
Table of Contents
Introduction
1. Installing the 480L 1-1
About the Rear Panel 1-2
About the Front Panel 1-3
Behind the Front Panel 1-4
About the LARC 1-5
How to Mount the 480L 1-6
Power Requirements 1-6
How to Interface the LARC 1-7
Audio Connections 1-9
How to Float the Analog Ground 1-9
2. Basic Operation 2-1
Glossary 2-2
Operating Modes 2-3
Checking Your System's Status 2-5
Selecting a Configuration 2-5
Using Two LARCs to Control
a Single 480L 2-7
Controlling a 224XL from
a 480L and LARC 2-7
Selecting Input Type 2-7
How to Load Programs 2-8
Level Calibration 2-9
Setting Analog Output Levels 2-10
Setting Analog Input Levels 2-11
Levels in the Digital Domain 2-12
Using Digital Signals 2-13
How to Edit Parameters 2-14
How to Use Registers 2-14
Storing and Naming Programs 2-15
Loading Registers 2-15
Protecting Against Loss of
Register Contents 2-15
Moving Registers with the
Register Transporter 2-16
Clearing Register Contents 2-16
MIDI SysEx Program Dumps 2-27
3. Banks 1-4: the Reverb Programs 3-1
About the Reverberation Algorithm 3-2
About the Reverberation Parameters 3-4
Bank 1 - Halls 3-8
Bank 2 - Rooms 3-10
Bank 3 - Wild Spaces 3-12
Bank 4 - Plates 3-14
4. Bank 5: the Effects Programs 4-1
About the Effects Algorithm 4-2
About the Effects Parameters 4-3
Bank 5 - Effects 4-5
5. Bank 6: the Twin Delays Programs 5-1
About the Twin Delays Parameters 5-2
Bank 6 - Twin Delays 5-4
6. Bank 7: the Sampler Programs 6-1
Introduction 6-2
Bank 7 Samplers 6-3
Bank 7 Samplers — SME Only 6-3
How to Use the Samplers 6-4
About the Sampling Parameters 6-9
7. Bank 8: the Pitch and Doppler Programs 7-1
About the Pitch Shift Parameters 7-2
Bank 8 - Pitch Shift 7-4
About the Doppler Parameters 7-5
Bank 8 - Doppler 7-6
8. Bank 9: the Mastering Programs 8-1
About the Stereo Adjust Parameters 8-2
PONS Adjust 8-5
Digital Parametric EQ 8-7
Panorama (Binaural) 8-10
9. Bank 10: the Compressor Programs 9-1
About the Compressor Parameters 9-2
Bank 10 - Compressor/Expander 9-3
10. Banks 11-12: the Random Halls and
Spaces Programs 10-1
About the Random Reverb Parameters 10-2
Bank 11 - Random Hall 10-5
Bank 12 - Random Rooms 10-7
11. Banks 13-14: the Ambience Programs 11-1
About the Ambience Parameters 11-2
Bank 13 - Ambience 11-5
Bank 14 - Post Ambience 11-7
12. Bank 15: the Prime Time III Programs 12-1
About the Prime Time III Parameters 12-2
Bank 12 - Prime Time III 12-4
13. Bank 16: the Freq. Stuff Programs 13-1
About the Frequency Dynamics
Parameters 13-2
Bank 16 - Frequency Dynamics 13-3
About the Distression Parameters 13-4
Bank 16 -Distression 13-6
14. Bank 17: the Test and Reference
Programs 14-1
About the Test & Reference Parameters 14-2
Bank 17 - Test & Reference 14-3
Appendix
A. MIDI and the 480L
B. Solving Problems
C. Specifications
D. Voltage Changeover
and Optional Transformers
E. Control Mode Reference
Program Directory - Software Version 4.0
Bank
Bank 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.0
480 Halls Large Large Medium Medium Small Small Large Small Jazz Auto
Bank 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.0
480 Rooms Music Large Medium Small Very Small Large Small Large Small Small
Bank 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.0
Wild Brick Buckram Big 10W-40 20W-50 Metallica Silica Inside Ricochet Varoom
Spaces Wall Bottom Beads Out
Bank 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Plates A Snare Small Thin Fat
Bank 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.0
Effects Illusion Surfin' Vocal Doubler Back Rebound Git It Wet Sudden In the Tremolo
Bank 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.0
Twin 4-Voice Double 4-Bounce Pitter X-Pan Delay Circles There Soft On
Delays Double Delay Delay Patter Double Cave & Back Roller and On
Bank 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.0
Samplers* Stereo Mono Mono Dual Rate Mono Fwd Stereo Dual Rate Mono Fwd Stereo 10S Mono 20S
Bank 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.0
Pitch/ Pitch Pitch 1% Up Barber Half Stair XPres Indy Airport Airport
Doppler Change Chorus 1% Down Pole Steps Case Subway Corner Land Tkof
Bank 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.0
Mastering The Stereo PONS M/S Invert Channel Stereo Stereo Mono Panorama
Bank 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.0
Compressor 2:1 6.24:1 18.28:1 Transfer Vox FM Nailed Noise 2-Slp- 2-Slp-
Bank 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.0
Random Large Large R Medium R Medium R Small R Small R Large R Small R Jazz R Auto
Hall R Hall + Stage Hall + Stage Hall + Stage Church Church Hall Park R
Bank 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.0
Random Music Large Medium Small Very Large Small Small Chorus Wet &
Spaces Club R Room R Room R Room R Small R CHamber R Chamber R & Bright R Room Tacky
Bank 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.0
Ambience Very Large Large Medium Small Strong Heavy Ambient Announcer Closet Gated
Bank 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.0
Post Car Living Bathroom Kitchen Kellars Small Warehouse Airhead Dial It Up Reverb
Ambience Interior Room Ambience Cell Foley Tail
Bank 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.0
Prime Prime Slap Bounce Swirls Heavy Shake Wowza Wowza 2 Vocalz XFlange
Time III Chorus Chorus Glide Detune It Up
Bank 16 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.0
Freq. Mix BG Drums AC Bass Carbon Saxophone Horn Softener Some
Stuff Finish Vocals Guitars Thump Mic Blast Fuzz
Bank 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.0
Test & 100 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz 1 kHz 10 kHz 30 Hz A-440 Pink Binaural
Reference -12dB -17dB -12dB -17dB -12dB -12dB Slate Tuner Noise Simulator
Program Name
Hall + Stage Hall + Stage Hall + Stage Church Church Hall Park
Club Room Room Room Room Wood Rm Wood Rm Chamber Chamber & Bright
Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate
Whispers Slap Stop Past L & R
3 Sec. 6 Sec. 3 Sec. Change & Rev 3S Drum Chg Drum Rev Drum Rate Chg Rate Chg
In-Out Adjust Adjust Decode L-R Swap Param EQ 60Hz Ntch Param EQ
Comp Comp Comp Easy Gate Mach A Mach B
Ambience Ambience Ambience Ambience Ambience Ambience Hall Ambience
Program Directory - 480L Classic Cart**
Bank
Bank 18 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 18.0
Concert Concert Medium Small Gold Guitar Reggae Reflex Bright Dark Oliver's
Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall
Bank 19 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 19.0
Rich Large Drum Vocal Vox Slap Guitar Short Horn Echo Silver
Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate #2 Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate
Bank 20 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.0
6-Voice Woo-Woo 6 Vc Korus 3-Voice 4-Voice Ekoz & Vocal Soft Hard Canyon Tuff
Chorus Chorus Chorus Korus Chorus Echoes Echorus Korus Stuff
Bank 21 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 21.0
Multiband Closet Telephone Phartage Stadium Downstairs Bandsweep BassEchoes BandBounce Whispers On Stage
Delays
* Programs 7.9 and 7.0 require the Sampling Memory Expansion option. See your Lexicon dealer for details.
* Programs in Banks 18-21 require the Classic Cart option. See your Lexicon dealer for details.
Program Name
Introduction
You are about to begin using the most advanced
digital effects system available—the Lexicon 480L.
The 480L is engineered for the all-digital production
environment. Digital audio places strict requirements on every link in the signal chain, and the 480L
meets those requirements. With its unique 18 bit A/
D and D/A converters, the 480L produces a dynamic
range of 98 dB in the wet signal path. It is probably the
only effects system available that doesn't raise the
noise floor of a digital master. And the PCM 1610/
1630 compatible digital I/O interface lets you add
true stereo ambience and effects without leaving the
digital domain.
The 480L doesn't just sound better—sheer computational power allows it to perform multiple audio tasks
at the same time. And what tasks! In the current glut
of throwaway digital devices with ever-cheaper versions of the same sounds, the 480L offers remarkable new effects and reverb sounds.
Its innovative reverb algorithms reflect a more accurate and natural model of the acoustic and psychoacoustic phenomena of reverb and ambience.
Put the 480L up against any other reverberator—
you'll be amazed at the difference.
Reverb is only part of the story. The 480L produces
astonishing effects you haven't even begun to dream
about yet. And its sampling programs offer a variety
of useful and unique features.
The present software is powerful and comprehensive,
a dramatic step forward in digital signal processing
technology. Yet it hasn't explored the limit of the 480L's
architecture, which is itself configured for future hardware expansion.
If you are familiar with the venerable 224XL, you'll feel
right at home with the LARC used to control the 480L.
However, there are enough differences in the way the
two units operate that we strongly suggest that you
read this manual as soon as possible. In it, you'll
discover that the 480L's two high speed processors
can operate in a variety of configurations. Samples can
be processed with reverb or effects, all in the digital
domain. Two 480Ls can be connected through their
digital I/O ports for even wider creative horizons. The
480L can even be connected to a 224XL and both units
operated from a single LARC. And that's just the
beginning of what you'll discover--when you read this
manual!
An optional, third-party 480L AES/EBU Digital I/O
board from Lemcke of Germany, allows easy retrofit
of the 480L to digital studio surroundings. Contact
Lexicon Customer Service for technical details and
upgrade pricing.
Installation and Audio Connections
About the Rear Panel
Main Inputs (L & R)
The left and right Inputs accept 3-pin male XLR connectors. They are electronically balanced and (optionally) transformer isolated.
Either pin 2 or pin 3 can be
used as high, but to maintain
polarity when transferring
data to the digital domain, pin
2 should be high. Pin 1 and
either pin 2 or pin 3 of each
input must be grounded for
unbalanced operation. Input
impedance is 30 kilohms in
parallel with 100 pF. Inputs
accept input levels from +6 to
+24 dBm.
Main Outputs (L & R)
The left and right Main Outputs accept 3-pin female XLR
connectors. They are electronically balanced and (optionally) transformer isolated.
Either pin 2 or pin 3 can be
used as high, but to maintain
polarity when transferring
data to the digital domain, pin
2 should be high. Pin 1 and
either pin 2 or pin 3 of each
output must be grounded for
unbalanced operation. Output impedance is 33 ohms,
and levels up to +24 dBm are
possible.
Aux Ouputs (L & R)
The left and right aux outputs
are identical to the Main Outputs, except that they are
used as secondary outputs
when split or cascade modes
are selected.
Important. Reversing polarity on either input or output
connectors can produce audible phase inversion effects.
Improper phasing in the stereo path can create a weak or
thin mix. Ensure that inputs
and outputs are wired consistently.
Lexicon
MIDI Connectors
MIDI IN receives MIDI information from other MIDIequipped devices.
MIDI THRU retransmits MIDI
information received at the
MIDI In connector, without
any change.
MIDI OUT is used to transmit
Automation data.
Lexicon Digital
Audio I/O Connector
This DE9 connector provides
PCM 1610-compatible digital
I/O. It has 18-bit word length
capability and can be slaved
to a 48 kHz, 44.1 kHz or
44.056 kHz external word
clock.
AES/EBU I/O Connector
This DE9 connector provides
AES/EBU or S/PDIF digital
audio I/O. It has 18-bit words
and can slave to a 25-55kHz
sample rate.
1-2
LARC 1 Connector
This DE9 connector connects
the mainframe to the Lexicon
Alphanumeric Remote Control (LARC) via a flexible 50-ft
cable (supplied)
LARC 2 (Thru)
Connector
This DE9 connector allows
connection of a second LARC.
It also allows the 480L to be
connected to a 224XL, with
both units under control of a
single LARC. A 10 ft cable is
available from Lexicon for this
application.
Automation Connector
The Automation Connector is
provided for future computer
control and automation features.
Important: Never connect a
LARC to this connector.
Power Connector and
Fuse Holder Cartridge
The Power Connector is a
standard 3-pin IEC power
connector. The Fuse Holder
Cartridge contains the AC
mains fuse(s). The voltage
changeover card is also contained in this compartment.
Read Appendix D for voltage
changeover information.
2
Basic Operation
This chapter describes the operations
necessary to properly calibrate the
480L in your facility.
These include:
Learning the operating modes
Selecting machine configuration
Switching machines from the LARC
Selecting analog or digital inputs
Loading programs
Calibrating levels
Basic Operation
Glossary
Lexicon
• Mainframe Mainframe refers to a functional 480L
operating with one or more machines.
• Machine Each 480L HSP board is addressed in the
mainframe as an independent machine, or signal pro-
cessing engine. In addition, the 480L can recognize the
Lexicon 224XL and address it as another machine.
• Algorithm The 480L contains several algorithms.
An algorithm is a set of instructions that tells the 480L's
microprocessors how to process the input signal. One
algorithm produces effects, another reverberation, another sampling, etc. Each Machine in the 480L can
process an algorithm independently from the other
machine.
• Parameter Each algorithm has a set of parameters
(controls) that uniquely characterize it. The settings of
the parameters can be changed to create radically
different sounds from a single algorithm.
• Program A group of specific parameter settings
permanently stored as separate programs in the 480L.
• Preset A group of specific parameter settings you
create by editing presets and storing the new set of
values.
• Register Nonvolatile RAM memory locations in the
mainframe, or in a removable nonvolatile memory
cartridge, for storing presets.
• Bank A bank is a collection of as many as ten
programs or registers. Program banks contain a collection of similar programs derived from one or more
algorithm. For example, the Halls bank contains reverberation programs that simulate large spaces, while
the Mastering bank contains programs for level adjust-
ment and digital equalization.
• Pages The LARC can display and provide slider
control for six parameters at a time. Because most
algorithms have more than six parameters, they are
grouped in blocks of six called pages. The PAGE
button provides access to each group of parameters.
• Control Mode The control mode contains several
pages of utility parameters and functions which are not
directly related to a single algorithm, such as sampling
rate, register transporter, program name function, etc.
The control mode is entered and exited by pressing the
CTRL button on the LARC.
• Configuration The 480L machines can be config-
ured to operate independently, or they can be combined to function as a single machine. The configuration is changed from the control mode. The 480L is
shipped in the single configuration.
• dBFS A digital signal at full amplitude, or registering
to the most significant bit.
2-2
480L Owner's Manual
Operating Modes
Basic Operation
The 480L is always in one of the following four operating modes:
Machine Operation Mode
Program Preview Mode
Register Preview Mode
Control Mode
The 480L always powers up in Machine Operation
Mode.
Each mode, and the paths for entering and exiting it are
described below.
Machine Operation Mode
Press the PROG or the REG button, then press VAR.
This mode allows you to:
• View the machine currently being addressed by the
LARC.
• Display the program or preset currently running in
the machine.
• View and/or alter parameters.
Program Preview Mode
Press the PROG button.
Press the BANK button to view program banks.
Press the PROG button to view programs in the bank.
This mode allows you to:
• Select presets.
Register Preview Mode
Press the REG button.
Press the BANK button to view register banks.
Press the REG button to view programs in the bank.
This mode allows you to:
• Select, store, and recall programs from registers.
• Address a cartridge in the mainframe cartridge slot.
Control Mode
Press the CTRL button. To exit, press CTRL, then
press PROG, then press REG.
This mode allows you to:
• View system status.
• Set machine and input configuration.
• Alter input and set digital operation.
• Address the register transporter.
• Name programs.
• Create Dynamic MIDI™ patches.
• Transmit MIDI Program Change messages.
• Enable MIDI SysEx Automation
* Transmit MIDI Bulk Dumps
2-3
Basic Operation
Lexicon
Machine Operation Mode
Machine Under LARC Control
VAR
MACHINE A
LARGE HALL
Program Currently Running
On power up, the 480L restores the configuration, routing, and programs loaded before
power was shut off. The LARC will display the last machine selected.
Program Currently Running
VAR
LARGE HALL
PAGE 1
Page of Parameters Under Control
Program Preview Mode Register Preview Mode
PROG
BANK
MA B1 P1
Preview Program
Banks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Halls
Rooms
Wild Spaces
Plates
Effects
Twin Delays
Sampling
Pitch/Doppler
Mastering
Compression
MA B1 P1 LARC Display
Preview Programs
Program 1
Large Hall
Press Numeric buttons 1-0 to
load Program. Press button
equal to flashing display to
load Program currently
displayed. Press the VAR
button, or move a slider, or
press a button under a slider
to return to MACHINE RUN
MODE
Program 2
Large + Stage
REG
BANK
MA B1 R1
Preview Register
Banks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
REG Bank 1
REG Bank 2
REG Bank 3
REG Bank 4
REG Bank 5
CART Bank 1
CART Bank 2
CART Bank 3
CART Bank 4
CART Bank 5
MA B1 R1 LARC Display
Preview Registers
Register 1
REG 1
Press Numeric buttons 1-0 to
load Register. Press button
equal to flashing display to
load Register currently
displayed. Press the VAR
button, or move a slider, or
press a button under a slider
to return to MACHINE RUN
MODE
Register 2
REG 2
To Bank 21
Control Mode
Press
Page # Page Desc.
Configuration
Configuration
1
Copy Tools
Copy Tools
2
Name Preset
Name Preset
3
MIDI Patching
MIDI Patching
4
5
Configuration
6
2-4
to enter or exit CONTROL MODE
CTRL
MIDI
SysEx
Functions
Indicates You are in Control Mode
CONTROL MODE
VAR
PAGE 1
Page of Control Mode Parameters
Slider 1 Slider 2 Slider 3 Slider 4 Slider 5 Slider 6
Status
Copy
Configuration
From Source
To Destination
Sampling Rate
Clock
Power On
Default
Select Char.
Select Patch
SysEx Auto
SysEx Function
Srce. Controller
SysEc Channel
Source to
Transmit
Parameter Dest.
Pgm Change #
SysEx
Destination
Reg Table
Scale
Pgm Change
Mode
MIDI Channel
Input
REG Protect
Change Char.
Param. Value
480L Owner's Manual
Basic Operation
Checking Your System's Status
Press CTRL to enter Control Mode. Press PAGE, then
press 1. Move slider one on page one of the control
program for a quick display of the following information:
• Configuration
• Sampling rate selected
• Clock source (internal or external)
• Input source (analog or digital)
• External Word Clock present/not present
• Register protection status
• Cartridge Status (formatted or unformatted,
present or not present)
480L Power-Up State
Normally if power is lost, or turned off, and then
restored, the 480L will return to its last previous state.
You can also configure the 480L to automatically load
pre-selected programs upon power up. To do this, go
to Control Mode, Page two, slider 5. This slider, labeled
DEF for default, is set at the factory to “off”. Advancing
the slider will scroll through all of the 480L programs
and select one as the new default state. The upper
display will indicate the machine you are addressing,
followed by the Bank number, Program number and
Program name. In order to select a default load for the
second machine, press the MACH button and advance
the slider to the desired program.
Control configuration is always remembered regardless of power-up default setting.
The Cascade Configuration
The Cascade configuration feeds the output of one
program (Machine A) directly into the input of the
second program (Machine B). This allows you to process a stereo signal with two entirely different effects-
-without ever leaving the digital domain. The Main
outputs are connected to Machine B, and contain the
processed signal from both Machine A and Machine B.
The Aux outputs contain only the signal from Machine
A.
In the Cascade configuration, the MIX control found in
most programs becomes very important, because it is
the only method you have of controlling the mix between the two programs.
Inputs
L R
Machine
A
Machine
B
L R
Main Outputs
L R
Aux Outputs
Selecting a Configuration
System configuration, input type and system clocking
are selected in Control Mode. To enter or exit Control
Mode, press CTRL.
Note: Pressing VAR will display the operating mode of
the mainframe.
Configurations are selected with Slider 2 on page 1 of
the control mode. There are four internal configurations available:
• Cascade
• Stereo Split
• Mono Split
• Single
Because the Configuration slider redefines the internal
architecture of the 480L, the display takes a bit longer
to update after you move the slider than other parameters. Let's take a closer look at the four configurations.
The Stereo Split Configuration
The Stereo Split configuration also uses the 480L as
two independent signal processors. It differs from the
Mono Split in that both inputs are sent to both programs; in other words, Machine A and Machine B
receive the same stereo input signal. The Main outputs
are used for Machine A, and the Aux outputs are used
for Machine B.
Inputs
L R
Machine
A
L R
Main Outputs Aux Outputs
Machine
B
L R
2-5
Basic Operation
Lexicon
The Mono Split Configuration
The Mono Split configuration uses the 480L as two
independent signal processors. Each program has an
independent mono input and an independent stereo
output. The Left input always goes to the first program
(Machine A), and the Right input always goes to the
second program (Machine B). The Main Outputs produce stereo output from Machine A, and the Aux
Outputs produce stereo output from Machine B.
Inputs
L R
Machine
A
L R
Machine
B
L R
Main Outputs Aux Outputs
Selecting a Machine
Once a configuration has been selected, press CTRL
to exit Control Mode. Now, pressing MACH switches
LARC control from one machine to the other.
The Single Configuration
A few programs (like Stereo Sampler) require all of the
480L's processing power, and cannot be run at the
same time as other programs. The Single configuration
is provided for these programs. In the Single configuration, the outputs of the program are available at both
the Main and Aux Outputs.
Inputs
L R
Machine
A
L R
L R
Main Outputs Aux Outputs
MACHINE A
MACHINE A
HSP-1
HSP-1
Press
Press
MACH
HSP-2
MACHINE B
MACH
HSP-2
MACHINE B
2-6
480L Owner's Manual
Basic Operation
Using Two LARCs
to Control a Single 480L
If you frequently use your 480L in the Split or
Cascade modes, you may wish to consider purchasing a second LARC. Having two LARCs allows
you to control two programs simultaneously, without
switching back and forth with MACH. Two LARCs
are also useful if the 480L is to be shared between
two different rooms.
In addition to controlling two programs at once, the
second LARC can be used to display two pages of
parameters for a single program.
The second LARC should be connected to the LARC
2 (Thru) connector on the rear panel of the 480L. Refer
to Chapter 1 for details.
Controlling a 224XL
from a 480L and LARC
In facilities equipped with both a 480L and a 224XL, it
may be useful to control both systems from a single
LARC. To do this, connect the LARC 2 (Thru) connector to the 224XL LARC connector, as shown in
Chapter 1. Use the MACH key on the LARC to switch
the LARC between the 224XL and the 480L. If you are
running two programs on the 480L at the same time,
there will be three choices to step through each time
you press MACH.
Selecting Input Type
Slider 6 on Page 1 of Control Mode allows selection of
either analog or digital input. Both analog and digital
outputs are always active.
Before selecting digital input, be sure that proper
connections have been made to the 480L Digital I/O.
(See Chapter 1.)
Use the Clock slider on Page 1 of Control Mode to
select EXTERNAL CLOCK. Set digital clock and sampling rate to match your application according to the
table below.
Analog Digital
Clock Internal Clock External
Sampling Rate 44.1 or Sampling Rate to match Digital
48kHz Input Rate
Input Analog Input Digital
To determine whether the 480L is correctly receiving
external word clock, move the Status slider (Slider 1,
Page 1 of Control Mode) to display external word clock
status.
IMPORTANT
DO NOT POWER UP THE 480L WITH EXTERNAL
WORD CLOCK PRESENT AT THE 480L'S DIGITAL I/O PORT. DOING SO MAY PREVENT THE
UNIT FROM COMPLETING ITS NORMAL POWER
UP ROUTINE.
Connecting a 480L and a 224XL together simply allows
you to control the 224XL as you always have--none of
the 480L's new capabilities are added to it. For example, the 224XL cannot access the register mover or
other 480L control mode functions. Also, the 224XL
cannot be accessed by the LARC while the 480L is in
the control mode. If you press MACH while in the
control mode, the 224XL will not appear in the display.
As soon as you exit the control mode, the 224XL can
be selected.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SHIELD
NC NC
NC NC
224XL Mainframe Interconnect Cable Wiring
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2-7
Basic Operation
Lexicon
How to Load Programs
In order to complete system setup, you will have to load
programs into the 480L machines.
Remember that programs are variations of algorithms
with parameters that have been set at the factory.
Prorams are stored in Banks, with a collection of as
many as 10 similar programs stored in each bank.
Select a Bank
In order to select a program, you must first select the
bank in which the program is stored. There are two
ways to select banks:
1. Press PROG, then press BANK. This puts you in
Program Preview Mode. The bank number flashes to
indicate banks are being previewed, and the display
shows the current bank name and number.
Press BANK repeatedly. The LARC will scroll through
the banks and display their names.
2. Press PROG, then press BANK, then press one of
the numeric keys (two for double digit bank numbers)
to navigate directly to a specific bank.
Load a Program
480L programs are loaded by pressing the numeric
button that matches the flashing LARC display.
Press PROG, and then press a numeric button (1-0).
The LARC will flash the message "SETUP LOADED."
You will find that you can navigate between programs
very quickly with this method. For example, enter the
following keystrokes:
PROG BANK 1 PROG 1 = Large Hall
PROG BANK 9 PROG 7 = Stereo Parametric EQ
PROG BANK 7 PROG 4 = Dual Rate Chg Sampler
PROG BANK 8 PROG 8 = Indy Corner
PROG BANK 3 PROG 1 = Brick Wall
Once a program is loaded, the 480L will switch from
Program Preview Mode to Machine Operation Mode.
The new program name will be displayed, and the first
page of variable parameters will appear on the LARC.
Detailed information on program parameters is found
in later chapters of this manual.
Select a Program
Once a bank has been selected, you can view the
programs in that bank without loading them. To do this,
press PROG. The bank display on the LARC will stop
flashing and the program display will begin flashing.
The current program name and number will be displayed.
Press PROG repeatedly. The LARC will scroll through
the programs in the selected bank.
2-8
480L Owner's Manual
Level Calibration
Analog Input and Output levels should be set with care
to obtain the best possible performance from the 480L.
The diagram below illustrates the signal flow through
the mainframe. In addition, several programs are available in Bank 17 Test & Reference to help you optimize
the performance of your system.
Set Test Configuration
Use the Single Machine configuration:
1. Press CTRL, press PAGE, then press 1.
2. Move Slider 2 to select SINGLE.
3. Press CTRL or PROG to exit Control Mode and
enter Machine Operation Mode.
IMPORTANT
MUTE CONTROL ROOM MONITORS
BEFORE PROCEEDING.
Basic Operation
LEFT
Analog Input
Gain Stage
RIGHT
SDIF DIGITAL AUDIO
WORD CLOCK
LEFT CH. DATA
RIGHT CH. DATA
Left Channel
A/D Converter
44.1 kHz
48 kHz
Internal Sampling Frequncy
Right Channel
A/D Converter
INT.
EXT.
Word Clock Switch
LEFT CH. ANALOG
LEFT CH. DIGITAL
RIGHT CH. ANALOG
RIGHT CH. DIGITAL
Input Selector Switch
SIGNAL
PROCESSING
Wet
Bus
Data
WORD CLOCK
LEFT CH. DATA
RIGHT CH. DATA
Left MAIN
D/A Converter
Right MAIN
D/A Converter
Left AUX
D/A Converter
Right AUX
D/A Converter
SDIF DIGITAL
AUDIO INTERFACE
LEFT MAIN
RIGHT MAIN
LEFT AUX
RIGHT AUX
Analog Output Gain Stage
Signal Flow through the 480L Mainframe
2-9
Basic Operation
Setting Analog Output Levels
Lexicon
The 480L has digital oscillator programs to aid in
setting system output levels.
Set nominal output level to design center of receiving
equipment as follows:
1. Load program 17.5 1kHz -12dB as follows:
Press PROG
Press BANK
Press 1, then press 7
Press PROG
Press 5
If additional headroom is desired, load program 17-4
(1kHz -17dB).
# Bits Dynamic Range
in dB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
dBFS
-6 dB
-12 dB
-18 dB
-24 dB
-30 dB
-36 dB
-42 dB
-48 dB
-54 dB
-60 dB
-66 dB
-72 dB
-84 dB
-90 dB
-96 dB
-102 dB
-108 dB
LARC Meters 0VU or Design Center
+12 dB
+6 dB
HEADROOM
0 dB
-6 dB
-12 dB
-18 dB
-24 dB
-18 dB headroom for live recordings - Classical, Jazz
2. A digitally-generated 1kHz should appear at all
outputs (both analog and digital).
Set the analog output level controls for both Main and
Aux Out to register nominal operating level on the
device receiving this signal.
(Nominal Operating Level)
+8 dBv (1.95 volts)
+4 dBv (1.95 volts)
-10 dBv (0.245 volts)
-12 dB headroom for Pop recordings
Dynamic Range and Headroom Calibration
2-10
480L Owner's Manual
Setting Analog Input Levels
Once output levels have been calibrated as directed in
the previous section, you can proceed to the input
levels.
Before proceeding, make sure that the Oscillator
program is loaded. Severe feedback can occur if
any other program is running.
1. Connect Main outputs L&R to the main inputs L&R
as shown below.
2. Press the button below the ILVL slider. The LARC
will display input level over a 90dB range from dBFS.
3. Adjust analog input gain controls until the LARC
LED display level reads 0dB.
4. Move the WAVE slider until 2 is displayed.
5. Press the button below ILEV to display input level.
6. Fine trim analog input gain controls until 78.0dB is
displayed for both left and right channels.
Basic Operation
Analog signals are calibrated for Unity Gain.
L
Signal
Audio
Signal
Processor
Input
R
Input Level Display
Signal
Processor
Outputs
Main Outputs
Aux Outputs
Digital Outputs
Signal Flow of Oscillator Program — Single Configuration
2-11
Basic Operation
Levels in the Digital Domain
Analog signals, by nature, have an infinite range of
level. During conversion to digital, levels are quantized
to absolute values, and expressed as a number of bits.
The 480L provides 18-bit resolution in both the analog
and digital paths. In the digital domain, it is important to
provide adequate headroom so that peak amplitude
does not exceed dBFS. The difference between the
headroom provided and the dither noise, or least
significant bit, is the usable dynamic range of the
system.
As you can see in the figure below, the 480L provides
signal-to-noise and dynamic range that exceed many
popular digital recording media.
Lexicon
# Bits Dynamic Range
in dB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
dBFS
-6 dB
-12 dB
-18 dB
-24 dB
-30 dB
-36 dB
-42 dB
-48 dB
-54 dB
-60 dB
-66 dB
-72 dB
-84 dB
-90 dB
-96 dB
-102 dB
-108 dB
LARC Meters Use of Dynamic Range
in an 18 bit system
+12 dB
+6 dB
0 dB
HEADROOM
-6 dB
-12 dB
-18 dB
-24 dB
84 dB Dynamic Range
18 dB Headroom
102 dB Theoretical Dynamic Range
18 Bit Dither Noise
Use of Dynamic Range
in a 16 bit system
HEADROOM
78 dB Dynamic Range
12 dB Headroom
90 dB Theoretical Dynamic Range
16 Bit Dither Noise
Dynamic Range of Digital Signal Path
2-12
480L Owner's Manual
Using Digital Signals
Basic Operation
Several programs in the 480L allow you to increase the
level of the digital signal beyond dBFS. For example, if
the Parametric EQ program is loaded, and a low shelf
filter is boosted +6dB at 250Hz, the potential headroom
to dBFS is reduced accordingly. (See the figure below.)
If the audio material fed through this program contains
a large amount of energy in the region of the shelf
boost, an overload in the digital domain may occur.
When this happens, the last segments of the LARC
display will illuminate.
Many programs, such as Parametric EQ, have a master level control which can offset the overall gain to
prevent this situation. If you consistently encounter
such situations, contact Lexicon Customer Service.
dBFS
+ =
20 Hz 200 Hz 2 kHz 20 kHz 20 Hz 200 Hz 2 kHz 20 kHz
480L Parametric EQ
Low Shelf +6dB at 250 Hz
2-13
Basic Operation
Lexicon
How to Edit Parameters
The sounds of the programs supplied with the 480L
cover an astounding range of possibilities, but sooner
or later you will want to alter the sounds of the programs
to more perfectly fit your requirements. Each program
in the 480L contains a set of parameters that can be
edited to create a sound uniquely your own.
After loading a program, you can edit its parameters by
moving the LARC's sliders. Most parameters can be
edited in real time to alter an effect. However, a few
parameters (like SIZE) have such a radical effect on
the 480L's algorithms that the effects signal is muted
briefly when they are edited.
To indicate the parameter that a slider controls, an
abbreviated code appears in the display window above
each active slider. You can display a more descriptive
title and the current value for each parameter by
pressing the keys directly below each slider. Moving a
slider also displays this information.
In many cases, pressing a display key twice will engage a vernier (fine) adjustment mode that allows very
precise adjustment. The display blinks to indicate that
the vernier mode is active.
How to Use Registers
The ability to edit parameters would be of little value if
there were no way for the 480L to store the edits. Not
to worry--the 480L has 100 registers available to store
edited versions of the programs. Registers are organized into banks, selected, and loaded exactly like the
programs. You can also edit parameters in a register,
and store the results in the same register or another
register.
There are five banks of ten registers in internal memory. Another five banks of ten registers can be stored
in a nonvolatile memory cartridge. One cartridge is
supplied with the unit, and additional cartridges may be
purchased.
IMPORTANT
Cartridges are equipped with a write protect
switch. When the switch is ON, it prevents the
480L from writing to the cartridge, regardless
of the register protection selected in the 480L.
Cartridges may be shipped with the write protect switch in the ON position.
Change Pages to Access More
Parameters
Because the programs in the 480L have more than the
six parameters which the LARC can display at one
time, parameters are grouped in several pages. Each
page contains up to six parameters. You can use either
of two methods to move between pages:
1. Press PAGE repeatedly to step through the pages
sequentially.
2. Press PAGE and then a numeric-select key to go
directly to the page you want.
IMPORTANT
When a new program is loaded or another page
is selected, each slider is deactivated (i.e., the
display does not change) until the slider is
moved through its preset value.
When changes have been made on a page, and you
move to a new page, the previous edits remain intact.
However, when a new program is loaded, the edits you
made disappear forever (unless you stored the edits in
a register).
exicon
Write Protect
On Off
Write Protect
Switch
2-14
480L Owner's Manual
Basic Operation
Storing and Naming Programs
After you have made the changes you want to a
program's parameters, you can store the changed
version in a register:
When you store a register, the edited program still has
the same name as the original program. To avoid
confusion, you can assign names to registers. To
rename a register:
1. Press CTRL to enter the control mode.
2. Press PAGE, then press 3 to go to page three.
3. Press the key under the slider marked SEL to
activate the select function. The current name of the
program appears in the lower display.
4. Move the SEL slider. Note that different characters within the name are selected by a pair of brackets
< > as you move the slider. Select the first character in
the program name.
5. Use the CHG slider to change the character. Note
that a blank space is available at the bottom of the
slider's range, as are several symbols.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all the characters in the
new name have been entered successfully.
Loading Registers
Registers are organized into banks, selected and
loaded in exactly the same manner as programs.
However, you press REG to switch from program to
register mode, and press REG instead of PROG when
selecting, storing, and loading registers.
Protecting Against
Loss of Register Contents
Setting up a large number of registers to meet your
personal requirements can represent a considerable
investment of time and effort. To reduce the possibility
of accidental loss of the contents of these registers, the
480L has a memory protection feature. When memory
protection is on, the 480L does not allow anyone to
erase the contents of a register by overwriting it.
However, unused registers can be written to.
The 480L has four protection levels:
• PROTECT INT AND CART
• PROTECT CART
• PROTECT INT
• PROTECT OFF
To store your newly-named program in a register:
1. Press REG once to exit Control mode, and enter
the register mode.
2. Press BANK repeatedly to locate the bank you
wish to store the register in. Banks 1 through 5 are
internal registers, and banks 6 through 10 are stored in
the nonvolatile memory cartridge.
Note: If you have difficulty using a cartridge, it
may not have been formatted. Also, cartridges
formatted with earlier versions of software
may not work with later versions until they are
reformatted. See Appendix B for instructions
on how to format the cartridge.
3. Press REG repeatedly to locate an "Unused"
register, or a register you don't mind erasing.
4. With the register number that you want to use
flashing on the display, hold down STO and press
REG. The LARC display flashes
SETUP STORED
This lets you know that the program was stored correctly.
PROTECT INT protects just the internal registers, but
allows registers stored in the cartridge to be overwritten. PROTECT CART protects the cartridge, but
allows internal registers to be overwritten. PROTECT
INT AND CART protects both internal and cartridge
registers. To activate memory protection:
1. Press CTRL to enter the control mode.
2. Press PAGE, 2 to go to page 2.
3. Move slider six to select one of the four protection
modes.
4. Press CTRL to exit the control mode.
Once activated, memory protection remains in effect
until it is turned off again.
2-15
Basic Operation
Lexicon
Protecting Your Registers
Against Another Kind of Loss
After creating a collection of registers, some users may
not wish to let others access their "trademark" sounds.
If this concerns you, copy any internal registers that
you create to a nonvolatile memory cartridge at the end
of each session (using the register transporter in the
control mode). Then use the register clear function
(also found in the control mode) to remove the registers
from internal memory. Take the cartridge with you
when you leave the facility.
Use of the register transporter and register clear functions are described below.
Moving Registers Around
with the Register Transporter
The register transporter has four functions:
• Copy single registers from one location to
another
• Move single registers from one location to
another
• Copy all internal registers to a cartridge
• Copy all cartridge registers to internal memory
When registers are copied, the original register source
remains intact. When registers are moved, the original
register source is cleared.
To move or copy single registers:
1. Press CTRL to enter the control mode.
2. Press PAGE, 2 to go to page 2.
3. Use slider one to select MOVE or COPY.
4. Use slider two to select the source.
5. Use slider three to select the destination.
6. Hold down STO and press REG to complete the
copy or move.
Clearing Register Contents
Page two of the control mode has a CLEAR control that
allows complete removal of register contents. CLEAR
has three functions:
• Clear a single register
• Clear all internal registers
• Clear all cartridge registers
To clear a single register:
1. Press CTRL to enter the control mode.
2. Press PAGE, 2 to go to page two.
3. Use slider one to select CLR SETUP.
4. Use slider two to select the register that you wish
to clear.
5. Hold down STO and press REG to clear the
selected register.
IMPORTANT
The register protect function found on page
two of the control mode must be set to OFF if
any moves or copies are to overwrite existing
registers.
To copy entire register contents between internal and
cartridge memory:
1. Press CTRL to enter the control mode.
2. Press PAGE, 2 to go to page 2.
3. Use slider one to select CPY CART TO INTERNAL or CPY INTERNAL TO CART.
4. Hold down STO and press REG to complete the
copy.
Note: When either of these two modes are
selected, the SRC and DST sliders are inactive.
To clear all cartridge or internal registers:
1. Press CTRL to enter the control mode.
2. Press PAGE, 2 to go to page two.
3. Use slider two to select CLR ALL INT or CLR ALL
CART.
4. Hold down STO and press REG to clear the
selected registers.
Note: When either CLR ALL INT or CLR ALL
CART are selected, the BANK and REG sliders
are inactive.
2-16
480L Owner's Manual
MIDI SysEx Program Dumps
Basic Operation
Programs and presets can also be transmitted and
received as MIDI SysEx data. Parameters that enable
MIDI SysEx dumps are found on Page 6 in Control
mode.
SysEx Bulk Dump
Slider 1 (SFN) selects a SysEx Bulk Dump function.
Slider 2 (SRC) is dependent on the SFN setting, but, in
general, it selects the source of the dump function
when required. The following SFN settings are available:
SETUP
BANK
ACTIVE
ALL INT
ALL CART
MIDI MAP
CONTROLS
Individual Program or Preset Dumps
The SETUP function will bulk dump a single program or
preset. When in this mode the SRCslider selects the
particular setup to dump. Moving the slider scrolls
through all of the available programs and registers
containing presets. After selecting a particular program
or preset, push and hold the STO button. While holding
STO, press REG. This will enable a dump of the
selected program or preset from either SFN or SRC
mode. The format of the setup bulk dump message is
described in Appendix A MIDI and the 480L.
Dumping Banks
The BANK function will bulk dump a whole bank of
programs or presets. The SRC slider selects from
among the program banks and all ten register banks
(five internal and five external cartridge banks).The
bank selected is then dumped by pushing STO and
REG as in individual setup dumps. A bank is dumped
as a contiguous group of ten programs or registers.
Each program or register within the bank, is dumped as
a separate SysEx message, using the same format as
that for individual dumps. When the dump is activated,
the LARC displays "DUMPING BANK." When the
dump is complete, the LARC displays "BANK
DUMPED."
Dump Active Algorithm(s)
The ACTIVE function dumps one or both of the active
algorithms and their current parameter values instead
of a register or preset. When the machine is in SINGLE
configuration, only Machine A can be dumped, otherwise Machine A, Machine B, or both A and B can be
selected with the SRC slider. As with all dumps described earlier, the dump is activated by the combination STO/REG button push. The format of the dump
message is described in Appendix A MIDI and the
480L.
If the SRC slider is set to “MACHINE A+B” each
machine will be sent as an individual SysEx message,
just as though you selected “MACHINE A” and did a
dump, then repeated the process for “MACHINE B”.
When the dump operation is activated, the LARC
displays "DUMPING ACT A" for Machine A only. The
LARC displays "DUMPING ACT B" for Machine B only,
or "DUMPING A+B" when both machines are selected.
When each Machine is dumped, the LARC displays
"ACT A(or B) DUMPED"
Dump All Internal Registers
To dump all internal registers to MIDI set SFN to “ALL
INT”. In this mode the SRC slider is not required.The
“ALL INT” dumps register banks from 1-5 to MIDI. Each
register is dumped as a single SysEx message described in Appendix A MIDI and the 480L..The presets
are dumped in order of appearance in the register
banks. As other functions, the dump action is initiated
by holding STO and pressing REG. Once the dump of
all internal registers is started, the LARC displays
"DUMPING INT." When the dump is completed, the
LARC displays "INT DUMPED."
Dump All Cartridge Registers
The dump all cartridge function is very similar to the
Dump All Internal Registers function with Banks 6-0
dumped rather than Banks 1-5. The LARC displays
"DUMPING CART." When the dump is completed the
LARC displays "CART DUMPED."
2-17
Basic Operation
Lexicon
Dump MIDI Program Table Map
The 480L has a program map that translates MIDI
program change numbers to 480L program or register
numbers. There is a map for each Machine, A and B.
As in the ACTIVE function, the SRC slider selects from
three possibilities: Machine A, Machine B or Machine
A +B.The MIDI MAP bulk dump function dumps the
selected map(s) to the MIDI port. Dump action is
started holding STO and pressing REG. The format for
the MIDI map is documented in Appendix A MIDI and
the 480L. The LARC displays "DUMPING MAP A,"
"DUMPING MAP B," or "DUMPING MAPS," depending on selection. When the dump is complete, the
LARC displays "MAP (A, B or A+B) DUMPED."
Dump Controls
The SRC slider is not needed for this function. After
moving the slider to CONTROLS and pushing STO/
REG, a copy of the current parameters available in
Control Mode are dumped. The following is a list of the
controls dumped:
• Configuration
• Sample Rate
• Clock Source
• Input Source
• Audio Mute
• Reg Protect
• Sysex Channel Device ID
• Sysex Automation Mode
• Sysex Receive Mode
When dumping is activated, the LARC displays
"DUMPING CTRLS." When complete, the LARC displays "CTRLS DUMPED."
Slider 3, on Page 6, labeled RCV, selects the destination of MIDI bulk dumps loaded back into the 480L. The
simplest destination is the default, “ORIGINAL SRC”.
This function restores presets to wherever they originated. An internal register is written back over the
current register at that location. See the message
format documentation to discover the source for each
register. Programs or presets can also be restored to
the active Machines. If the configuration is SINGLE,
then only Machine A can be restored. Otherwise, any
program or register loaded to the 480L can be sent to
either Machine A or Machine B with “ACTIVE A” or
“ACTIVE B” selected under RCV.
The bank modes are more complicated. If any of the
“INT BNK” or “CART BNK” selections are made, any
preset will be sent to the first register in the selected
bank. The 480L will attempt to place subsequent
presets sequentially into the next registers in the bank
selected. This should only be used to restore dumped
banks.
Restore Individual Presets
Loading a previously dumped preset will replace the
preset at the location with the MIDI SysEx version
when the RCV slider is set to “ORIGINAL SRC”. Other
settings in the RCV slider cause other actions to occur:
“ACTIVE A” or “ACTIVE B” sends the preset to the
appropriate machine as a running program
Selecting one of the banks, loads the preset into the
first register of the bank, or into a subsequent register
if it was dumped in sequence with a previously restored
preset.
SysEx Restore Bulk Dump
2-18
Any attempt to restore a program to its original
source will be ignored. The error message "PROG
RCVD" will be displayed.
When presets are successfully restored, the LARC will
display an approrpiate message for each type:
"ACT A LOADED" or "ACT B LOADED" indicates that
an active algorithm was restored.
If a preset was received as an Internal Register, "1
REG LOADED" is displayed.
If a preset is received as a Cartridge register, "C REG
LOADED" is displayed.
480L Owner's Manual
Basic Operation
Restore Banks
A dumped register bank will be restored to its original
location if “ORIGINAL SRC” is selected. If the bank was
a program bank, restoring to original source will not
change anything in the 480L.
If the RCV slider is set to an active Machine, all of the
programs or presets in the bank will load one at a time
into the selected Machine until the last one, which will
be left running when the process is complete.
When completed, the LARC will display "ACT A
LOADED," or ACT B LOADED," depending on the
Machine selected.
If a new bank is selected, it will be written to the new
location. The LARC will display either "1 REG
LOADED," or "C REG LOADED," depending on its
destination.
Restore Active Machines
Any dump of an active Machine will restore as that
active machine if the RCV slider is set to “ORIGINAL
SRC.” If the RCV slider is set to “MACHINE A” or
“MACHINE B,” the load will be to that machine, despite
any destination stored in the message itself.
When RCV is set to restore to a particular bank, then
the bulk dump data will replace the first register in the
bank unless the data for machine A and B are sent
sequentially, in which case the data will replace register 1 and 2 in the selected bank.
The LARC displays either "1 REG LOADED," or "C
REG LOADED," depending on its destination.
Restore All Internal Registers
If all of the dumped internal registers are restored with
the RCV slider set to “ORIGINAL SRC,” each register
will be overwritten. Any other setting of RCV is not
recommended.
Restore MIDI Program Table Map
Selection of destination is not an option when restoring
MIDI program table map. The data is restored to the
active Machine where it originated.
Restore Controls
Selection of destination is not an option when restoring
MIDI Controls. The data is restored to the control
parameters of the active Machine. See Dump Controls
for a list of the controls dumped and restored.
MIDI Request Data
The request data function is a MIDI SysEx message
that triggers an output of the requested bulk dump on
the MIDI port. The format for the request function is
defined in Appendix A MIDI and the 480L.. The possible requests are as follows:
• Request All Stored Presets(Internal and
Cartridge Registers)
• Request Individual Program
• Request Individual Preset
• Request Controls
• Request Active Machine A
• Request Active Machine B
• Request MIDI Program Map for Machine A
• Request MIDI Program Map for Machine B
The data will be sent after the 480L receives and
decodes the message. If automation transmit mode is
on, the data sent will also contain automation messages. Internally, the 480L decodes the request message and uses the normal event passing mechanism to
transmit the response. This activates the automation
mode if enabled. To get just the data requested, turn off
the automation transmit mode on the control page, or
by transmitting a SysEx message before sending the
request.
The LARC will display "1 REG LOADED."
Restore All Cartridge Registers
Restoring all cart registers works identically to the
restore all internal registers except that in “ORIGINAL
SRC” mode the data is sent to banks 6-0 instead of to
1-5. The LARC displays "C REG LOADED." All other
operations are the same.
2-19
3
Banks 1-4: the Reverb Programs
In this chapter we'll discuss the original
Reverberation and Plate programs
created for the 480L.
Two different algorithms are used to create these
programs. The primary difference between the two is
the density of the reverberation. The algorithm with
greater density is used primarily for Room and Plate
programs. To discover which algorithm is used by a
particular program, go to page three to see how many
pre-echo voices are available — the dense algorithm
has only two voices.
Both algorithms have fixed, or "static" reverberation
characteristics. A new algorithm, with random motion
characteristics is described in Banks11 -12: Random
Halls and Rooms. The Random Hall algorithm provides a smoother reverberant characteristic, and is
better suited for material which requires large space
emulation, or longer reverb time.
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