Lab.gruppen PLM 20K44 User Manual

PLM+ SERIES

Powered Loudspeaker Management™ System

PLM 20K44

PLM 12K44

Incorporating technologies from

Operation Manual

1. Important safety instructions

1. Important safety instructions

Before using the device, be sure to carefully read the Safety Instructions. Keep this document with the device at all times.

1.Read these instructions.

2.Keep these instructions

3.Heed all warnings.

4.Follow all instructions.

5.Do not use this apparatus near water.

6.Clean only with a dry cloth.

7.Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

8.Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including amplifiers) that produce heat.

9.Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other. A grounding-type plug has two blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or the third prong is provided for your safety. If the provided plug does not fit into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet.

10.Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched, particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the apparatus.

11.Only use attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer.

12.Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table specified by the manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus. When a cart is used, use caution when moving the cart/apparatus combination to avoid injury from tip-over.

13.Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time.

14.Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.

15.Use the mains plug to disconnect the appartus from the mains.

16.WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.

17.Do not expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and ensure that no objects filled with liquids, such as vases, are placed on the equipment.

18.The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily operable.

19.Do not connect the unit’s output to any other voltage source such as battery, mains source, or power supply, regardless of whether the unit is turned on or off.

20.Do not remove the top (or bottom) cover. Removal of the cover will expose hazardous voltages. There are no user serviceable parts inside and removal may void the warranty.

21.An experienced user shall always supervise this professional audio equipment, especially if inexperienced adults or minors are using the equipment.

22.The US National Differences clause 16.3 requires that network cables must be flame rated VW-1.

1.1. Approvals

This equipment conforms to the requirements of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.

Standards applied: EMC Emission EN55103-1, E3

EMC Immunity EN55103-2, E3, with S/N below 1% at normal operation level. Electrical Safety EN60065, Class I

This equipment is tested and listed according to the U.S. safety standard ANSI/ UL 60065 and Canadian safety standard CSA C22.2

NO. 60065. Intertek made the tests and they are a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL).

1.2. Warnings

1.2.1. Explanation of warning symbols

The lightning bolt triangle is used to alert the user to the presence of un-insulated “dangerous voltages” within the unit’s chassis that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to humans.

The exclamation point triangle is used to alert the user to presence of important operating and service instructions in the literature accompanying the product.

1.2.2. Warnings

To prevent electric shock do not remove top or bottom covers. No user serviceable parts inside, refer servicing to qualified service personnel.

Français: À prévenir le choc électrique n’enlevez pas les couvercles. Il n’y a pas des parties serviceable à l’intérieur, tous reparations doit etre faire par personnel qualifié seulment.

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1. Important safety instructions

To completely disconnect this equipment from the AC mains, disconnect the power supply cord plug from the AC receptacle. The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily operable.

Français: Pour démonter complètement l’équipement de l’alimentation générale, démonter le câble d’alimentation de son réceptacle. La prise d’alimentation restera aisément fonctionnelle.

To reduce risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.

Français: Pour réduire les risques d’incendie ou de choc électrique, n’exposez pas l’appareil à la pluie ou à l’humidité.

Do not expose this system/apparatus to dripping or splashing and ensure that no objects filled with liquids, such as vases, are placed on the apparatus.

Français: N’exposez pas ce système/appareil au ruissellement ni aux éclaboussures et assurez-vous qu’aucun objet contenant du liquide tel qu’un vase n’est placé sur l’appareil.

This apparatus must be connected to a mains socket outlet with a protective earthing connection.

Français: Cet appareil doit être raccordé à une prise secteur avec terre de protection.

The mains plug is used as a disconnect device and shall remain readily operable.

Français: Lorsque la prise du réseau d’alimentation est utilisés comme dispositif de déconnexion, ce dispositif doit

demeuré aisément accessible.

1.2.3. Caution

To reduce the risk of fi re or electric shock, do not remove screws. No user-serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel.

Français: Pour réduire le risque d’incendie ou de choc électrique, ne pas retirer les vis. Aucune pièce réparable par l’utilisateur. Confier l’entretien àpersonnel qualifié.

1.2.4. User responsibility

Mains connection grounding

Your amplifier must be connected to a grounded socket outlet.

Speaker output hazard on amplifiers

Amplifiers are capable of producing hazardous output voltages. To avoid electrical shock, do not touch any exposed speaker wiring while the amplifier is operating. The external wiring connected to the speaker terminals shall be installed by a qualified person, or ready-made leads or cords of appropriate capacity shall be used.

As the power output channels on amplifiers produce high voltage, do not connect or disconnect speaker cables when the mains power is on.

Radio interference

A sample of this product has been tested and complies with the limits for the European Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) directive. This equipment has also been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference from electrical equipment. This product uses radio frequency energy and if not used or installed in accordance with these operating instructions, may cause interference to other equipment, such as radio receivers.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

•Reorient or relocate the antenna.

•Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

•Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

•Check if the affected unit complies with the EMC limits for immunity, (CE-labeled). If not, address the problem with the manufacturer or supplier. All electrical products sold in the EC must be approved for immunity against electromagnetic fields, high voltage flashes, and radio interference.

•Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Speaker damage

Amplifier apparatus is very powerful and can be potentially dangerous to both loudspeakers and humans alike. Many loudspeakers can be easily damaged or destroyed by overpowering them. Always check the speaker’s continuous and peak power capabilities. Although the amplifiers attenuators can be used to reduce the overall gain, an increase of the input signal can result in full output power, which may cause damage to connected speakers.

Maintenance

For safe and reliable operation, the dust fi lters on both sides of the front panel, behind the grilles, should be removed and cleaned regularly to ensure maximum airflow through the device.

If the dust filters are not maintained there will be safety risks; for example, high internal temperatures could ignite the dust and start a fire. There is also a risk that the unit will malfunction since it is dependent on constant airflow from front to rear. If the dust fi lters are not clean and the unit malfunctions, any resulting problems will not be covered by the warranty.

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1. Important safety instructions	2
1.1. Approvals	2
1.2. Warnings	2
2. Introduction	6
2.1. Welcome	6
2.2. Main Features	6
2.3. Additional Documentation	8
3. Installation	8
3.1. Unpacking	8
3.2. Mounting	8
3.3. Cooling	10
3.4. Operating Voltage	10
3.5. Grounding	11
4. Product Overview	12
4.1. Front Panel Overview	12
4.2. Rear panel	14
5. Operation and performance	16
5.1. Operation precautions	16
5.2. Power Output Performance	16
5.3. Amplifier and Load Protection Systems	18
5.4. Power Supply	24
6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing	25
6.1. Signal Flow	25
6.2. Level Adjustments & Mute Points	25
6.3. Lake Processing and Control	26
6.4. Modules and Frames	27
6.5. Loudspeaker Processor Overview	27
6.6. Files and Presets	28
7. Front Panel Interface	29
7.1. Overview	29
7.2. Front Panel Key Lock	30
7.3. Power Button	30
7.4. Mute Enable Button	31

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Table of Contents

7.5. Meter Button	31
7.6. Menu Button	31
7.7. Exit Button	31
7.8. Dynamic Buttons, Controls and LEDs	32
7.9. Warning and Fault Indications	37
7.10. Meter Mode	39
7.11. Menu Mode	43
8. Back Panel Interface	57
8.1. Speaker Outputs	57
8.2. Analog Inputs	60
8.3. AES3 Digital I/O	62
8.4. RJ45 etherCON Network Connections	62
8.5. Power Inlet	64
9. Appendix	65
9.1. Faults and Warnings Overview	65
9.2. Maintenance	68
9.3. Factory Default Settings	68
9.4. Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation Specifications	70
9.5. Glossary of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations	72
10. Application Guide	74
10.1. Rack I/O Panels	74
10.2. Power Distribution	74
10.3. Gain Structure	75
10.4. Gain / Level Optimization	77
10.5. Speaker Configurations	80
10.6. Digital Audio Connections	80
10.7. Digital Clock Configuration	83
11. Technical Specifications	85
12. Warranty and Support	87
12.1. General	87
12.2. International Warranties	87
12.3. Technical Assistance and Service	87

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2. Introduction

2. Introduction

2.1. Welcome

Thank you for choosing the Lab.gruppen PLM+ Series of Powered Loudspeaker Management systems for your sound reinforcement needs. We are confident that you will be pleased with the performance, unique features, configuration flexibility, reliability, and long-term durability offered by this product.

For fast installation and use of this product, your welcome package includes a printed copy of the PLM+ Series Quick Start Guide which contains the information required to safely install the product and place it in service. Control and editing features are accessible via the front panel interface or via the included Lake Controller software.

It is recommended that the Quick Start Guide and all product documentation on the included USB key is reviewed to ensure familiarity with the various configuration and control options.

Thank you again for placing your confidence in Lab.gruppen products.

2.2. Main Features

The PLM+ Series incorporates a number of sophisticated technologies to ensure the best possible performance and many years of reliable operation. The following section summarizes the benefits of each feature; additional information is available in the reference manuals.

2.2.1. Amplifier Platform

The PLM+ Series power output section has expanded upon Lab.gruppen’s robust, road-proven

PLM 20000Q amplifier. Features common to both platforms include extraordinary power density; 4 channels of patented Class TD® output stages, a Power Factor Corrected (PFC), Regulated Switch Mode Power Supply (R.SMPS™), the high-efficiency Intercooler® copper-finned cooling system, and a full suite of protection features, including the Breaker Emulation Limiter (BEL). Signal inputs are analog, AES digital, and Dante digital audio network.

2.2.2. Amplifier DSP (Digital Signal Processor)

Various features of PLM+ Series devices are controlled by the on-board DSP, some of which are summarized in this section.

2.2.2.1. Input Gain (Sensitivity)

Input gain (sensitivity) is set in the digital domain for PLM+ Series devices, and may be controlled via the Lake Controller software or front-panel interface.

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2. Introduction

2.2.2.2. ISVPL™

The Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) tailors each power output to the characteristics of the connected load. Please refer to section 5.3.1 for further information.

2.2.2.3. Load Verification & Performance Monitoring

A comprehensive set of proprietary DSP-based tools are provided for load verification and real-time performance monitoring. These functions utilize LoadLibrary, a comprehensive database for each loudspeaker component of the connected load (usually one or more band-limited drivers in a multi-way system).

Using this data and a brief test signal, LoadSmart compares actual response to predicted response, identifying any malfunctioning components or connection errors. During the performance, PLM+ monitors real-time voltage, current draw, and temperatures of the PLM+ amplifier stages as well as the power supply. This allows operators to avoid power compression and identify potential problems.

Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for detailed information on PLM+ Series load verification and real-time performance monitoring functionality.

2.2.3. Lake Processing and Controller

PLM+ Series devices integrate seamlessly into the Lake Processing environment and are accessible via the Lake Controller software. Processing modules offer precise settings for gain, delay, crossover settings, equalization and limiting. Lake processing features incorporated in each module include Raised Cosine Equalization™, linear phase crossovers, and LimiterMax™ loudspeaker protection. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

2.2.4. Analyzer Plug-in

Lake Controller software provides integration with third-party real-time analyzers, providing simultaneous measurement display and EQ adjustment via the Lake Controller. Approved analyzers include Rational Acoustics Smaart 7, SysTune from AMFG, and WaveCapture Live-Capture Light or Live-Capture Pro; additional third-party analyzers may be approved in the future.

Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information regarding the Analyzer plug-in and associated functionality.

2.2.5. Dante™ Audio Network

PLM+ Series devices include Dante digital audio networking as standard. Utilizing the latest advances in Ethernet technology, Dante offers simplified system configuration and extremely low latency while delivering very high quality uncompressed digital audio across the Lake network. The Zen™ automatic configuration feature enables plug- and-play setup without third-party DHCP or DNS servers. Dante is compatible with high-bandwidth networks, allowing large numbers of audio channels to be distributed alongside control and analyzer data.

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3. Installation

2.3. Additional Documentation

This document, the PLM+ Operation Manual, serves as the primary reference source for detailed information on the installation and operation of PLM+ Series Powered Loudspeaker Management systems. It also provides detailed information on set-up and configuration using the front-panel interface.

If you intend to use the device as part of a networked system, or access features via the Lake Controller, please refer to the various supporting documents which can be located via these methods:

•Start > Programs > Lake Controller > Documentation (after installing Lake Controller software)

•On the included installer USB key, or via the downloaded software installer

•Online at: http://labgruppen.com/products/documentation/

3. Installation

3.1. Unpacking

Carefully open the shipping carton and check for any damage to the device or the supplied accessories. Every Lab.gruppen product is tested and inspected before leaving the factory and should arrive in perfect condition. If any damage is discovered, please notify the shipping company immediately. Only the consignee may initiate a claim with the carrier or their insurers for damage incurred during shipping. Save the carton and packing materials for the carrier’s inspection.

In addition to the PLM+ Series device, the shipping carton includes the following items:

•PLM+ Series Quick Start & Field Reference Guide

•AC mains lead (power cable) with Neutrik® powerCON® connector

•Rear brackets for additional rack support (pair) along with associated mounting hardware

•Software Installer and Documentation USB key

Please keep the original carton and associated packaging to facilitate shipping of the device should the need arise.

3.2. Mounting

Airflow for cooling the device is from front panel (intake) to rear panel (exit). Please ensure that no objects, such as rack doors or lids, are placed at the front or rear of the rack to ensure that airflow is maximized. This device has no top or bottom vents and therefore PLM+ units may be stacked directly on top of each other.

Sufficient space should be available at the front of the rack to accommodate the handles, and at the rear to accommodate connectors and cables; allowance must be made for cable or loom bends within a rack.

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3. Installation

3.2.1. Rear Mounting

Two rear support brackets along with associated mounting hardware are included with the PLM+, as shown in Figure 3.1; it is recommended that these are used wherever possible. Fit the brackets to the vertical rails at the rear of the rack. Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3 show the fitting options for fixed and removable installation.

The support brackets are reversible and may be fitted to point either to the front or rear of the rack; the orientation used depends on the rack depth and position of the rear rack rails.

Two mounting methods are possible; note that the method shown in Figure 3.2 additionally provides extra security against unauthorized removal. For situations where rapid removal and replacement is required, the method shown in Figure 3.3 should be used.

Fig 3.1: Rear support bracket with mounting hardware

Fig 3.2: Rear support bracket mounted for fixed installation and bracket pointing forward

Fig 3.3: Rear support bracket mounted for removable installation and bracket pointing back

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3. Installation

3.3. Cooling

3.3.1. Overview

The PLM+ Series devices use a forced-air cooling system with airflow from front to rear, allowing high continuous power levels without thermal problems. Front-to-rear airflow is preferable as air at the front of a rack is cooler than that at the rear in nearly all situations; never attempt to reverse the airflow. The operation of the PLM+’s cooling system is dependent on front-to-rear airflow; it will not function effectively with external airflow in the opposite direction.

Make sure an adequate air supply is provided in front of the PLM+, and that the rear of the PLM+ has sufficient space to allow air to escape. If the PLM+ is rack-mounted, never operate the unit with any front or rear rack doors or covers in position. It is recommended to keep the ambient temperature around the PLM+ as cool as possible. An increased temperature can have a significant negative impact on the expected lifetime on the components inside the PLM+.

Note: Fit solid blanks (not ventilation blanks) to unused rack spaces to ensure effective air circulation. Leaving gaps in between items of equipment degrades the effectiveness of forced-air cooling.

If installing one or more PLM+ Series devices in a rack with other fan-cooled equipment, be sure that all the other equipment also uses front-to-rear airflow for cooling. If this precaution is not observed, there is a risk of overheating, as units with the reverse airflow will be drawing in air which has already been heated by the PLM+s.

3.3.2. Temperature Sensing and Protection

The PLM+ is equipped with a sophisticated temperature sensing system which protects it from any overheating which may occur as a result of inadequate ventilation.

Note: Always ensure the dust filters behind the detachable front panel are clean to ensure maximum possible airflow.

3.4. Operating Voltage

The label adjacent to the mains (AC) input connector indicates the AC mains voltage for which the device is wired and approved. Both PLM+ models incorporate a universal power supply operating from 80 to 265 V. Only connect the mains cable (AC cord) to an AC source of the voltage shown on the label.

The PLM+ uses primary switching, which means the mains power is rectified on the primary side of the transformer. This makes the power supply insensitive to mains frequency variation, and it will operate normally on line frequencies from 45 to 75 Hz.

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3. Installation

If the mains plug (AC plug) fitted to the mains cable (AC cord) is not appropriate for your country, it can be removed and a locally-sourced one fitted instead, observing the color coding in the table below:

powerCON pin

LBrown

NBlue

Green/Yellow

Table 3.1: AC Plug Configuration

If you are not 100% confident of your competence to replace the mains plug (AC plug), the task should be carried out by qualified personnel.

Once a suitable AC power supply is connected, the device can be turned on using the front panel power button. When the device is turned on, the power button LED changes from red (Standby) to green (Active).

Note: In-rush current is controlled and limited during the soft-start sequence. This enables multiple PLM+ units on the same AC mains circuit to be turned on simultaneously

3.5. Grounding

Analog inputs feature Iso-Float™ ground isolation, a technology which combines the benefits of transformer coupled isolation with the advantages of clean, direct-coupled inputs.

The audio converters are galvanically isolated, and not connected to mains ground. High-speed transformers and opto-isolators create a barrier between the device and the outside electrical environment.

Note: The Iso-Float feature is activated by default, but may be disabled via the Lake Controller software, or via the front panel menu.

Use correctly-shielded balanced audio input connections to minimise hum and interference. Please refer to section 8.2.4 for further information.

NEVER disconnect the earth (ground) pin on the mains cable (AC power cord).

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4. Product Overview

4. Product Overview

4.1. Front Panel Overview

The front panel presents the following amplifier status indicators:

1

2

4

10

2

1

	5	3
		11
	6

7 8 9 12

The front panel controls are clustered around a daylight readable LCD 3 , allowing adjustment and monitoring of the majority parameters and meters. The two clusters of controls on either side of the LCD include five dedicated

function buttons 4 5 6 7 12 , eight dynamic function buttons with embedded LEDs 8 9 and a rotary data

encoder 11 .

1Handles – Two sturdy cast aluminium handles are integrated into the front panel. The handles should be used when carrying the device, and when fitting into or removing from a rack. Ensure that any door or removable rack front cover has sufficient depth to clear the handles.

2Dust Filters – Two dust filters are fitted behind metal covers. To remove the covers, loosen the thumbscrews located behind the handles. Once detached, the dust filter elements can be removed for cleaning; please refer to section 9.2 for further information.

Note: NEVER operate this device without the dust filters in place.

3 Display – The display illuminates when the device is on. The LCD, function buttons, and the rotary encoder provide real-time control and monitoring of most parameters. The LEDs embedded in the function buttons indicate available menu options, provide confirmation of Controller communication, and indicate various faults and warnings.

The brightness and contrast of the display and front panel LEDs can be adjusted via the front panel menu. A screensaver will turn off the display when the unit is left without any action or signal present. It will light up again at the push of any button or when signal reaches above 20 dB on any input. Please refer to section 7 for further details.

4 Standby – PLM+ Series devices are powered on and to standby using the top-left button, or via the Lake Controller.

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4. Product Overview

5Mute Enable – Select MUTE ENABLE to allow the dynamic function buttons to operate as mute controls for the Module inputs and power output channels. The MUTE ENABLE button flashes when the mode is selected; a subsequent press deselects this mode. If left activated, MUTE ENABLE mode will automatically disable two minutes after the last mute action.

6Meter – The METER button scrolls through various meter views including the default Home View, Amplifier Meters View, Temperature Meters View, Input Meters View and Module Meters View. Pressing METER from Menu Mode returns the screen to Meter Mode with the Home View displayed. Please refer to section 7.5 for further details.

7Menu – After pressing the MENU button, the LCD will display the top level menu. In Menu Mode the dynamic function buttons enable access to various information and functionality. Please refer to section 7.6 for further details.

8Dynamic Function Buttons with LEDs (Left of LCD) – The function of these buttons change according to the currently selected view or menu.

•In Menu Mode they are used for menu navigation and for parameter selection

•In Meter Mode they provide Module input mute/unmute functionality in conjunction MUTE ENABLE

The left buttons provide Module input mute functionality, mute indication and faults and warning indications relating to the individual PLM+ inputs. All four LEDs will iluminate simultaneously when indicating global faults or warnings. Please refer to section 7 for further details.

9 Dynamic Function Buttons with LEDs (Right of LCD) – The function of these buttons change according to the currently selected view or menu.

•In Menu Mode they are used for menu navigation and for parameter selection

•In Meter Mode they provide PLM+ output mute/unmute functionality in conjunction MUTE ENABLE

All LEDs provide individual mute, clip, fault and warning indications for the PLM+ power outputs channels. Please refer to section 7 for further details.

10 Communication LED – The high-intensity white LED illuminates white to indicate that the Module/Frame is selected in the Lake Controller; it flashes white to indicate communication with the Lake Controller.

The brightness of the LCD and communications LED can be adjusted in the Frame page of the Main Menu on the front panel.

11Rotary Encoder – The rotary encoder is used to modify various parameters (e.g. input level) via the menu. When a menu item is selected that permits adjustment of parameter values, the ring around the rotary encoder illuminates. In Home View the encoder can be used to scroll through the Meter Views.

12Exit – The EXIT button is used primarily while navigating the menu system in Menu Mode; pressing EXIT will return the menu up one level. In Meter Mode, pressing EXIT returns the metering display to the default Home View.

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4. Product Overview

4.2. Rear panel

1

3

4

5

6

SPEAKER OUTPUTS

INPUT 1

INPUT 2

INPUT 3

INPUT 4

INPUT 1-2

INPUT 3-4

1Gbps PRIM

ACT

1Gbps

SEC

ACT

100-240V 2400-2950W

LINK

LINK

PLM12K44

50-60Hz

CH 1

CH 3

BRIDGE

BRIDGE

CH 2

CH 4

ANALOG WITH ISO-FLOAT TM

PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG

AES/EBU

SWITCHED 100/1000 Base-TX

CLASS 3 WIRING

Made in Sweden

Must be grounded/earthed

Ser. N:o

Removed!

			SPEAKER OUTPUTS
					2
CLASS 3	1+/- CH 1+/-				1+/- CH 3+/-
	2+/- CH 2+/-	1+:+	1+/- CH 1+/-	3+/- CH 3+/-	2+/- CH 4+/-
WIRING	BRIDGE CH 1 & 2:	2- : -	2+/- CH 2+/-	4+/- CH 4+/-	BRIDGE CH 3 & 4: 1+ : +, 2- : -

The PLM+ is available with a choice of connectors for power outputs: binding posts or Neutrik speakON®. Both connection methods allow for Bridge Mode operation, which is activated from the Lake Controller software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual and section 8.1.1 of this Operation Manual for further information on Bridge Mode.

1Binding Posts – In this version, the power outputs for loudspeaker connection are available on four separate pairs of fully enclosed binding posts. Bridge Mode can be enabled via the Lake Controller software; please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

2speakON Connectors – The power outputs are simultaneously available on a single 8-pole speakON connector, and on two 4-pole speakON connectors. The two 4-pole connectors carry the outputs of channels 1 & 2 and 3 & 4 respectively. Bridge Mode can be enabled via the Lake Controller software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual.

3Analog Inputs – Analog inputs are available on four standard XLR3F latching connectors. The inputs are electronically balanced and feature Lake Iso-Float circuitry. The impedance is 20 kohms, and the inputs can accept a maximum input level of +26 dBu.

4AES3 Inputs – Two latching XLR3F connectors are provided for AES3 digital audio signals (four audio channels). Input impedance is 110 ohms, please ensure that 110 ohm digital audio cables are used; standard XLR microphone cables are rarely suitable for reliable digital audio transmission.

Note: The PLM+ does not provide Analog or AES loop through / Link connectors. Where needed, it is recomended to use Y-split cables or patchpanels wired to connect the Inputs with Link output connectors. The AES3 termination load shall be enabled when the PLM+ is the last unit connected within an AES3 daisy-chained system. The termination may be disabled, if desired, via the front panel menu and within the Lake Controller software.

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4. Product Overview

5 Primary Network Connector – The primary Neutrik RJ45 etherCON® connection provides integration into an Ethernet control network which may include other Lake Processors and the Lake Controller software. Network connection permits full control of all functions along with real-time metering from a remote position. This device supports the Dante audio networking protocol, which allows transmission of multichannel, high-definition digital audio over the same Ethernet connection.

Use the primary connector when using a star network topology, consisting of individual Cat-5e connections between the devices and an Ethernet switch. Alternatively this connection can be used to daisy chain directly to another Lake Processor. The daisy chain topology should not be used with Dante. For a technical reference to the Ethernet Port, please refer to section 8.4. Additional information is also available in the Lake Network Configuration Guide.

Note: The Ethernet ports operate at the Ethernet data rate of up to 1 Gbps and allow straight or crossed network cables. LEDs above each port indicate network activity (ACT) and Gigabit network connections (Gbps). If Gbps LED is unlit, speed is 100 Mbps.

6 Secondary Connector – The secondary network connector can be used to daisy-chain multiple LM, PLM, PLM+ or D Series devices. Alternatively, a Dante dual-network topology can be created by connecting all secondary network connectors to a separate Ethernet switch, ensuring full redundancy in the event of a network component failure.

Note: Additional processor configuration is required for a dual redundant network setup. The device may be configured for Dual Redundancy from the Network menu of the front panel or via Lake Controller. See the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.

When the device operates in Dual Redundancy, a symbol (=) is displayed in the status bar. Dual Redundancy is not enabled by default and must be configured.

For a technical reference of the Ethernet Port, please refer to section 8.4. Additional information is also available in the Lake Network Configuration Guide.

Note: When connecting multiple devices to an Ethernet network, care must be taken NOT to create a closed loop which causes network malfunction.

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5. Operation and performance

5. Operation and performance

This chapter provides comprehensive information on PLM+ Series connection, setup, operation and performance. The detailed information included here is essential to realizing the full functionality of the PLM+ Series devices.

5.1. Operation precautions

Make sure that the Standby button on the PLM+’s front panel is either unlit (OFF), or red (STANDBY), before making any input or output connections.

Ensure the AC voltage is within the range printed on the label adjacent to the AC mains connector.

Ensure no input signal is present when powering on the PLM+ to reduce the risk of any inadvertent bursts of high level audio.

5.2. Power Output Performance

The PLM+ uses Lab.gruppen’s patented Class TD technology (Tracking Class D) in the output stages, which couples the efficiency of Class D topologies to the sonic purity of Class A/B designs.

The primary benefit is that Lab.gruppen’s Class TD works perfectly under all load conditions. The output maintains its flat frequency response even into complex loads with very low nominal impedances. Reliability is very high, and there is no interference with nearby RF equipment. Superior efficiency allows greater power density while minimizing cooling requirements, yet sound quality matches that of the best Class A/B designs.

5.2.1. Symmetrical Power

The PLM+ models can deliver power as shown in Table 5.1 when all channels are driven equally.

	Load Impedance (ohms)	2 ohms	2.67 ohms	4 ohms	8 ohms	16 ohms
		(per channel)	(per channel)	(per channel)	(per channel)	(per channel)
	PLM 12K44	3000 W	3000 W	3000 W	1900 W	950 W
	PLM 20K44	4400 W	5000 W	4400 W	2300 W	1150 W

Table 5.1: Symmetrical Load Power Ratings

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5. Operation and performance

5.2.2. Rational Power Management™

Rational Power Management™ (RPM) is a unique Lab.gruppen feature that allows for flexible allocation of power across channels of a PLM+. Power that is not used by one output channel is free for use by another output channel with greater demands. RPM allocates power up to the total limits of the specific amplifier model. RPM exists in two modes. See the image below.

3000 W

SUB	LOW	MID		HIGH

PLM+ Series - Amp channels power adjusted to match the loudspeaker requirements

Figure 5.2: PLM 12K44 - Amp channels power adjusted to match the loudspeaker requirements

Auto RPM: The frame will automatically allocate power per output channel according to the ISVPL settings in the speaker preset (per module output) in Lake Controller. If the ISVPL settings taken together allow total output higher than the capabilities of the amplifier, RPM will reduce the ISVPL limiter thresholds evenly based on a proportional reduction in dB. When RPM is active, an RPM icon will be displayed next to the “Actual ISVPL” values in the Events & Control section. If actual ISVPL is above the normal platform maximum and equals speaker threshold, the RPM indicator will be green. If actual ISVPL is above normal platform maximum but below speaker threshold, the RPM indicator will be yellow.

Custom RPM: The CAFÉ software allows users to create an advanced custom power allocation scheme. Switching to Custom mode disables the Automatic mode. When RPM is active an RPM icon will be displayed next to the “Actual ISVPL” values in the Events & Control section. Please find more information about this in documentation supplied with the CAFÉ software download.

RPM limitations: PLM 20K44 allows all four channels to deliver Channel Max output voltage of 194V. PLM 12K44 allows two channels to deliver Channel Max output voltage of 194V.

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5. Operation and performance

CAFÉ with ESP: CAFÉ (Configuring Amplifiers For the Environment) is a dedicated software application for Windows and OSX that provides tools for system planning, specification and commissioning. CAFÉ incorporates the Equipment Specification Predictor, a software module that examines SPL and speaker requirements for a project and generates requirements for output power on an amplifier and system level. For more information on CAFÉ and ESP, please consult the documentation supplied with the CAFÉ software download.

5.3. Amplifier and Load Protection Systems

The PLM+ is equipped with a comprehensive set of protection circuits. If operating conditions become sufficiently extreme that any of these circuits become active, indication is provided by LEDs in one or more soft function buttons 5-8, together with adjacent warning text. In addition to this, notification is also presented within the Lake Controller software and within system log files.

5.3.1. Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL)

The ISVPL is a high quality voltage limiter that can deliver seamless limitation to any desired level. Its ensures that the voltage at the output terminals never exceeds the defined threshold.

It operates on these principles:

•The signal is delayed slightly to allow the ISVPL to look-ahead and reduce the gain before voltage in excess of the threshold can appear at the output. This results in zero voltage overshoot at the output with a rounded limitation up to the threshold.

•The amplitude of the output signal between digital samples is predicted which permits the ISVPL to respond to analog peaks that may occur at the digital to analog converter.

•The release time of gain reduction is adaptive depending on the dynamics of the signal.

It is possible to select different ISVPL profiles for limiting optimization for a specific frequency band and personal preference. The profiles are divided into two categories, with one category optimized for low distortion and the other focusing on producing high sound pressure level (SPL). Within each category there are profiles optimized for the different frequency bands.

5.3.1.1. Low Distortion Profiles

•Universal – The universal profile is a soft limiter that can be used for all frequencies and is conservative in its action upon VCL and CPL.

•Sub/LF – The Sub/LF profile is tuned for frequency bands below 600 Hz. It has longer attack and release times and is less conservative when it comes to acting upon VCL and CPL.

•

5.3.1.2. High SPL Profiles

High SPL profiles do not use the adaptive release time feature. High SPL profiles optimized for high frequencies use less of the look-ahead delay peak-rounding feature; this feature is used most in the Sub profile and least the HF profile.

•Sub - The Sub profile is optimized for frequencies between 20 - 200 Hz

•LF - The LF profile is optimized for frequencies between 20 - 1200 Hz

•MF - The MF profile is optimized for frequencies between 300 - 6000 Hz

•HF - The HF profile is optimized for frequencies above 1 kHz

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Table 5.3 shows the theoretical maximum output power for a given load impedance and ISVPL setting.

Note: An ISVPL-to-load calculator that will assist in generating the appropriate ISVPL setting for a desired power load is available at www.labgruppen.com/plm. The ratings shown in the table below are limited by the CPL (Current Peak Limiter) functions, not by ISVPL settings, due to power output channel current capacity.

Max. Sinewave Burst Power (Watts)

LLoad Impedance (ohms)	2	2.67	4	8	16
LISVPL SETTING (V peak)
194	4489	5993	4705	2352	1176
193	4489	5993	4656	2328	1164
181	4489	5993	4095	2048	1024
167	4489	5223	3486	1743	872
153	4489	4384	2926	1463	732
121	3660	2742	1830	915	458
101	2550	1910	1275	638	319
83	1722	1290	861	431	215
70	1225	918	613	306	153
56	784	587	392	196	98
47	552	414	276	138	69
38	361	270	181	90	45
17.8	79	59	40	20	10

Table 5.3: ISVPL-to-output examples

The ISVPL threshold may be set at any level between 17.8 V and 600 V via the PLM+’s menu system. For further details, please refer to section 7.11.2.5 of this manual, and also to the PLM+ Series chapter in the Lake Controller User Manual.

PLM+ devices that have a smaller peak output voltage can still set the ISVPL threshold up to 600 V. When a threshold is set above the maximum capability of a power output channel, the maximum ISVPL for that product will be automatically set. Therefore, the ISVPL threshold can be in at the Module for the speaker’s maximum capability, and the Module file remains cross-compatible with all PLM and PLM+ Series devices.

5.3.2. Current Peak Limiter (CPL)

The output Current Peak Limiter (CPL) ensures that the power output section will not be damaged by forcing it to deliver current levels at the outputs that exceed the maximum current ratings of the output transistors. The CPL keeps the output transistors within their Safe Operating Area (SOA). The CPL is non-adjustable.

CPL activity is indicated on the power output channel LED (embedded in the associated output channel’s function button to the right of the LCD). Activity on an affected channel results in a flashing red indication together with a CURRENT CLIP warning message displayed on the screen adjacent to the LED. A warning is also displayed on the controlling PC via the network.

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5. Operation and performance

This condition indicates an attempt to draw excessive current at the output. The output is attenuated until the output current falls below the maximum current rating. Limiting is performed by the ISVPL limiter in conjunction with the selected ISVPL profile. Please refer to the Technical Specifications in Section 11 for further details regarding ratings.

Note: If excessive current is indicated, check the output cables and examine the loudspeaker. If impedance appears normal, you may rectify the condition by altering the ISVPL settings or lowering input levels. CPL indication can be triggered by excessively low output impedance, possibly the result of too many loudspeaker cabinets connected in parallel.

5.3.3. Power Average Limiter (PAL)

PAL activity is indicated by all four LED’s to the left adjacent to the display flashing red, together with a PAL ACTIVE warning message displayed on the screen. A warning is also displayed on the Lake Controller software.

The Power Average Limiter Active warning (PAL Active) will be displayed when the power supply’s maximum rated design parameters are reached. When this warning is displayed, gain limiting is being applied to the signal and the ISVPL threshold is lowered accordingly.

5.3.4. Breaker Emulation Limiter (BEL™)

The PLM+ amplifiers are powerful devices that can draw a considerable amount of current from the mains supply. The BEL models the temperature in the external breaker and limits the mains current to prevent it from tripping. The BEL can be configured with both a breaker profile and a current value. The current value can be set from 5 to 32 Arms.

There are three different profiles available for selection:

•Conservative - The conservative profile allows no momentary current above the configured threshold.

•Fast - The fast profile models the time constant of the trip-curve corresponding to a fast breaker. It momentarily allows current above the threshold to pass for a short time, leading to an increased modeled temperature. For the limiter to disengage, the current must reduce below the threshold to enable the breaker to cool down.

•Universal - The universal profile models the time constant of the trip-curve corresponding to a slow breaker. It momentarily allows current above the threshold for a longer time, leading to an increased modeled

temperature. For the limiter to disengage the current has to reduce below the configured current for the breaker to cool down.

The BEL can be configured via the PLM+ front panel and within the Lake Controller software.

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5.3.5. Under Voltage Limiter (UVL™)

PLM+ devices are equipped with an under voltage limiter. With mulitple powerful devices on a mains distribution line, heavy current loads risk the reduction of voltage below that required for devices to function. The UVL reduces the mains current draw when voltage drop below 80 V. The amount of reduction applied increases as mains voltage drops towards 65 V, then at 65 V the power supply is shut down. The mains supply is continually monitored and when sufficient voltage returns the power supply automatically restarts.

5.3.6. Current Average Limiter (CAL™)

The Current Average Limiter (CAL) monitors the RMS current drawn from each power output channel to ensure that the power output stages are not overloaded. When activated, it regulates the current to a safe level to protect the channel. The CAL should not be activated in normal usage, but if it is, its operation is indicated by an active LED and the message CAL ACTIVE. Further indication is given within the Lake Controller software.

5.3.7. Voltage Clip Limiter (VCL)

If current draw from the PLM+’s power supply is too high, the PSU’s regulation capability may be exceeded and the internal voltage rails may drop and cause clipping. If this occurs the VCL acts rapidly to prevent clipping on the subsequent peaks. Limiting is performed by the ISVPL limiter in conjunction with the selected ISVPL profile. Indication of this condition is shown on the output LEDs.

5.3.8. Temperature Protection

5.3.8.1. Overview

PLM+ Series devices are equipped with a sophisticated temperature sensing system that provides protection from overheating which may occur as a result of inadequate ventilation or excessive power output.

Thermal measurements are made at several points within each power output channel along with measurements in the power supply and DSP areas. If temperature in any area reaches a critical level then a warning is displayed and gain reduction is applied. If the temperature continues to increase and reaches a dangerous level then a fault is displayed and audio is muted. Each power output channel, the power supply and DSP area have separate indications.

For all temperature faults, temperature monitoring will continue at 0.5 second intervals, with the output remaining muted. When the area has cooled below the dangerous threshold, the fault condition is cleared and audio is restored.

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5. Operation and performance

5.3.8.2. Power Output Channels

A power output channel temperature warning or fault is indicated in one of the front panels LEDs (in the right-hand soft function buttons).

•A warning is indicated by a static yellow LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP WARN:CH

•A fault is indicated with a static red LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP FLT:CH

An event report is sent to the Lake Controller software for both the warning and the fault. If a temperature fault condition arises on a power channel, the output of that channel will be muted.

5.3.8.3. Power Supply / DSP

A power supply (PSU) or DSP temperature warning or fault is indicated by the LEDs in the four left function buttons being lit at the same time.

•A warning is indicated by static yellow LEDs and adjacent warning message: TEMP WARN:PSU (or TEMP WARN:DSP)

•A fault is indicated with static red LEDs and adjacent warning message: TEMP FLT:PSU (or TEMP FLT:DSP)

At temperatures above the critical warning level and below the dangerous fault level, the ISVPL threshold is slowly reduced to decrease the output power and cool down the device. This enables the device to continue to pass audio, although with a reduced amplitude, in extreme conditions. If reducing the ISVPL threshold does not cool down the device a temp fault will still be issued when the dangerous temperature level is reached. An event report will be sent to the Lake Controller software for both the warning and the fault.

5.3.9. DC Protection

DC protection is implemented on each power output to prevent damage to connected loudspeakers or any PLM+ components. DC present at the output will cause the PLM+’s power output module breaker to blow. In this instance a red LED will illuminate and NEEDS SERVICE will display on the LCD.

Note: The power output channel modules are independent of the input voltage. This is not a userservicable fault condition and the unit should be returned for repair.

5.3.10. VHF Protection

The PLM+ includes protection circuits that detect Very High Frequency (VHF) content in the input signal. The detection is frequency-dependent, initiated from 10 kHz upwards. If continuous VHF signals are detected above the threshold, the output will mute for approximately 6 seconds before a further measurement is taken. When continuous VHF signal stops, the output unmutes and the amplifier returns to normal operation.

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5. Operation and performance

This protection system recognizes only continuous VHF signals at high levels that will not appear in speech or music. Any such content can therefore be considered as a fault condition. VHF protection is essential to avoid damage to HF drivers.

VHF protection is dependent on a combination of output power level and frequency. Figure 5.4 shows a decreasing power threshold, from approximately 10 kHz upwards, which illustrates increasing sensitivity of the protection system with frequency. When continuous output power above the threshold line is detected, VHF protection becomes active.

				Trigger voltage
	100
	90
	80
[Vrms]	70
	60
	50
Voltage	40
	30
	20
	10
	0
	0	5	10	15	20	25	30
				Frequency [kHz]

Fig 5.4: VHF Protection Frequency Sensitivity

The attack time of the VHF protection circuitry also changes with frequency, becoming shorter at higher frequencies. This is shown in Figure 5.5.

				Full output voltage
	1400
	1200
	1000
[ms]	800
Time	600
	400
	20
	200
	0
	0	5	10	15	20	25	30
				Frequency [kHz]

Fig 5.5: VHF Protection Attack Time Variations

The VHF protection circuit is NOT a limiter and does not alter the PLM+’s frequency response. It is implemented solely to detect continuous VHF content. HF content of normal music or speech signals at peak levels will be passed in full.

Operation of the VHF protection circuits is indicated by one (or more) of the output channel LEDs (in the right-hand soft function buttons) showing steady red. The adjacent fault message will show VHF FAULT. It is also reported as a fault via the control network.

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5. Operation and performance

5.3.11. Short Circuit Protection

A low impedance or short circuit at the power output terminals is detected when the output current is high (Current Peak Limiter is active) and, simultaneously, the peak output voltage is below a predetermined threshold. When this situation occurs, the output stage is muted to protect it from damage. Operation of the short circuit protection system is indicated by an output channel LED (in the right-hand soft function buttons) showing steady red. The adjacent fault message will show SHORT CIRCUIT. It is also reported as a fault via the control network to the Lake Controller software. The presence of a short circuit (or low impedance) is re-tested every six seconds, and the output remains muted until the fault clears.

5.4. Power Supply

The R.SMPS (Regulated Switch Mode Power Supply) is designed to keep supply voltage rails at optimum levels even when the mains voltage drops. Mains voltages can drop as much as 20% below nominal before there is any effect on rail voltages. Thus the R.SMPS can deliver full rail voltage to the output stage at all times, allowing the PLM+ to exhibit consistent transient response and a clean LF response. PLM+ features a universal power supply with power factor correction (PFC). The device can accept any mains voltage, from 65 V to 265 V, allowing it to function worldwide in many different configurations. The PFC reduces current peaks on the lines and reduces the requirements placed on the mains distribution system. PLM+ units offer an unparalleled power factor extremely close to one.

5.4.1. Low Inrush Current

High power amplifiers with inadequate inrush current limiting can draw considerable current from the mains at turnon, sometimes tripping a fast-acting mains breaker. The PLM+, however, has very low inrush current to prevent tripping of breakers.

Several PLM+s can, under normal conditions, be powered up simultaneously. If you do experience problems powering up multiple PLM+s simultaneously, they must either be turned on manually in an ordered manner, or sequenced remotely using the Lake Controller software’s Global Control feature. Alternatively, the capacity of the mains supply should be increased.

Note: If insufficient power is available to allow simultaneous power-up, then there is probably insufficient capacity for full power output during operation. It is recommended that additional capacity is added to the mains power distribution system.

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6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing

6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing

6.1. Signal Flow

The figures below depict the audio signal flow for a PLM+ Series device. It is worth noting that this sophisticated device provides seven points in the signal chain where the signal level can be adjusted, muted or disconnected. The blue sections represent Frame data, and the red sections represent Module data - please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

Important information regarding correct setting of the gain structure can be found in section 10.3.

Module Data stored in Module FIles (Speaker Presets) Frame Data stored in System Files and Frame Presets

INPUTS

Dante Receivers 1-8

AES 1-4

Analog 1-4

AES/Analog pass through to Dante

OUTPUTS

Dante 1-8 (no mutes)

		Input	Lake Contour
		Mixer A	Module A
	Input	Input	Lake Contour
	Routers
		Mixer B	Module B
	1-4
	WITH	Input	Lake Contour
	INPUT
		Mixer C	Module C*
	MUTES
		Input	Lake Contour
		Mixer D	Module D*

Output Routing

	Attenuator	ISVPL
	Mute		Amp Gain	LoadSmart	LoadPilot	AMP
	Phase Rev	Auto RPM
	Custom RPM
	Attenuator	ISVPL
	Mute		Amp Gain	LoadSmart	LoadPilot	AMP
	Phase Rev	Auto RPM
	Custom RPM
	Attenuator	ISVPL
	Mute		Amp Gain	LoadSmart	LoadPilot	AMP
	Phase Rev	Auto RPM
	Custom RPM
	Attenuator	ISVPL
	Mute		Amp Gain	LoadSmart	LoadPilot	AMP
	Phase Rev	Auto RPM
	Custom RPM

1

2

3

4

5

Figure 6.1: PLM+ Signal Flow Diagram

6.2. Level Adjustments & Mute Points

1	Input Router Stage	Input selection and MUTE
2	Input Mixer Stage	Router on /off connection to mixer and gain settings
3	Module Input Stage	Mute (N/A for LM Series Mesa Mode) and gain settings
4	Module Output Stage	Mute and gain settings
5	Output Router Stage	Output on /off routing connections
6	Attenuation Stage	Power output channel mute and attenuation settings
7	Amp Gain Stage	Amplifier gain control

Note: If the required audio signal is not passing correctly, verify the connection, mute and gain settings at all seven stages.

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6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing

6.2.1. Power Output Section: Limiting and Sensitivity

The Current Peak Limiter (CPL) dynamically limits the drive to the power stage based on three parameters: sensed output current level, feedback from the output stage, and sensed voltage clip from the ISVPL. This ensures that power output is maintained within the design limits of the PLM+.

The adjustable Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) sets the PLM+’s maximum output voltage and therefore also the maximum output power. The ISVPL setting is made via MENU > MODULE > LIMITERS > ISVPL, and can also be set from the Lake Controller software.

The sophisticated output section monitors faults and generates warnings when appropriate; warnings are displayed on the front panel of the PLM+ and also sent as messages over the control network. In the rare event that maximum ratings are significantly exceeded, the PLM+ will mute until the condition has been rectified or the incorrect setting has been readjusted. Sensing circuits also transmit local output power stage temperature, processor card temperature, and PSU temperature to the appropriate protection circuits. Please refer to section 5.3 further details.

Table 6.2 lists PLM+ Series analog input sensitivity in dBu and Vrms for various Amp Gain settings and maximum/ minimum ISVPL settings, assuming an analog input headroom of 26 dBu.

Input Sensitivity

LISVPL SETTING		194 V			17.8 V
LGAIN (dB)
+44	+1.0		0.87	-19.8		0.08
+41	+4.0		1.22	-16.8		0.11
+38	+7.0		1.73	-13.8		0.16
+35	+10.0		2.44	-10.8		0.22
+32	+13.0		3.45	-7.8		0.32
+29	+16.0		4.87	-4.8		0.45
+26	+19.0		6.88	-1.8		0.63
+22	+23.0		10.90	+2.2		1.00

Table 6.2: Analog Input Sensitivity in dBu and Vrms

6.3. Lake Processing and Control

As outlined in section 2.2.3, this device integrates seamlessly into the Lake Processing environment, providing all features, functionality and connectivity associated with all Lake Processors. The internal Lake Processing includes programmable crossovers, EQ, dynamics and other functions, and can be fully controlled via the Lake Controller software with a version number of 6.3 or later. Additionally, many functions can be controlled or accessed directly via the front panel.

The Lake Controller Operation Manual and Lake Network Configuration Guide are supplied on the accompanying USB key and additional documentation is available from the Start Menu after software installation.

Visit http://labgruppen.com to download the latest software, firmware and documentation for your devices.

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6. Signal Flow and Lake® ProcessingNotes

6.4. Modules and Frames

6.4.1. Overview

A Frame represents one physical Lake Processor device (e.g. PLM 12K44). A maximum of four Modules are contained within each Frame; these are referred to as Module A, B, C and D. The number of Modules shown in a given Frame is dependent upon the signal processing configuration of that Frame.

Each Module can be configured as a Classic Crossover (Bessel, Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley), as a Linear Phase Crossover, or as multiple full bandwidth Auxiliary Outputs. The default configuration for the PLM+ is 4 x Contour Classic 1 Way (CL1-Way) Output Modules, providing a total of twelve Module outputs that can be routed to any of the four power outputs.

Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

6.4.2. LoadLibrary™ and Fingerprints

In addition to the standard loudspeaker presets (Module files), the Lake Controller also includes a set of enhanced Module files specifically for use with the PLM and PLM+ Series.

These supplementary PLM+ Module files, known as the LoadLibrary, incorporate both Lake DSP parameters along with PLM+ specific data; LoadLibrary Module files include parameter settings for the Amplifier Gain and ISVPL limiter. Additionally, LoadLibrary loudspeaker types may also include data relating to the electrical characteristics of a particular loudspeaker.

Electrical characteristic data is used to enable load verification (LoadSmart) to be performed on the PLM+. This data set is termed a Fingerprint. When a PLM+-specific loudspeaker type is loaded, its Fingerprint load characteristics are included. These load characteristics are stored in a file with a “.mdl” suffix and are loaded simultaneously with the module file.

6.5. Loudspeaker Processor Overview

The Lake Processing system within PLM+ Series devices may be configured with up to four processing Modules containing a total of up to twelve processing Module outputs, that can be routed to any of the four power output channels.

Each set of processing elements is referred to as a Module and can be configured as crossovers, full bandwidth auxiliary outputs, or a combination of the two. The relationship between inputs and outputs is defined via the Lake Controller or via the front panel Input Config Menu.

The Lake Processing system provides two distinct categories of crossovers:

•Infinite Impulse Response filters (IIR) such as the classic Bessel, Butterworth or Linkwitz-Riley types; these are available with slopes ranging from 6 dB/octave to 48 dB/octave.

•Finite Impulse Response filters (FIR) providing zero phase shift with steep transition slopes at the crossover frequencies. These are also referred to as Linear Phase Crossovers.

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6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing

6.6. Files and Presets

The Lake system provides various methods for storing and recalling Module, Frame, or system-wide data. An overview is provided below; for further information please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual.

6.6.1. Module, System and Sub-System Configuration Files

Module, System and Sub-System Configuration files are stored on the Lake Controller PC, and data is passed across the network when recalling or storing these type of files.

•A Module file is the smallest set of data that can be stored and recalled; it contains crossover, gain, delay, and limiter information for an individual loudspeaker (see Figure 6.1).

A Module file may be recalled into other Lake devices. It is not possible to store a Module File directly on the hardware device.

•A System or Sub-System Configuration File contains a set of Module file information in addition to Frame related information such Group data and I/O configuration (see Figure 6.1).

6.6.2. Frame and System Presets

The entire processor configuration can be stored as a Frame Preset on this hardware device. Presets can be recalled via the front panel (refer to section 7.11.7) or via the Lake Controller software or Preset Manager utility; presets can be stored using the Lake Controller software or Preset Manager utility.

A maximum of 100 Frame Presets can be stored on this device. The data within a Frame Preset includes the configurations of all Modules in the Frame, including levels, crossover, EQ, input mixer, routing, and all other parameters. As Frame Presets are stored in the hardware device, recall is available without using a PC.

Using the System Presets function in the Lake Controller, entire system configurations can be stored and recalled across a network of LM, PLM and PLM+ Series devices. This enables fast retrieval and switching of entire system configurations as minimal data is being sent between the Controller and Processors.

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