DC4800
Zoom Digital Camera
User’s
Guide
What You Can Do…
Kiosk
Prints, Mug Transfers,
T-Shirt Transfers, etc.
Your Computer
KODAK
Personal
Picture
Maker
World Wide Web –
Play, order prints,
t-shirts, gifts
Send
postcards
Send photos to friends
and family via e-mail
Camera Top/Front
Landscape/Close-up button
Flash button
Exposure
compensation
dial
Power
button
Mode
dial
Shutter
button
Camera Back
Viewfinder
Self-timer/Burst
button
OPEN
CARD
Green ready light
Orange ready light
Status display
Flash pop-up
button
Flash unit
Self-timer
light
Light
sensor
Zoom button
Strap post
Menu button
OK button
LCD screen
4-way buttons
Camera Bottom
Picture Card
eject button
Battery door
Camera Side
External Flash connector
USB connector
Video out connector
AC Adapter connector
Status Display
Distant Close-up Black & White ISO setting
Manual mode
Burst
Self-timer
Picture
quality
Diopter dial
Flash Red-eye flash
White Balance
Battery
Pictures remaining
–or–
Shutter speed
(when shutter button
is 1/2-way down)
General Tips for Better Pictures
◗ Keep your camera ready.
◗ Get close.
◗ Keep people busy.
◗ Use a simple background.
◗ Place the subject off-center.
◗ Include foreground in scenics.
◗ Look for good lighting.
◗ Hold your camera steady.
◗ Use your flash.
◗ Visit www.kodak.com and click Taking Better
Pictures.
KODAK DC4800 Zoom Digital Camera
User’s Guide
Congratulations on your purchase of the new KODAK DC4800 Zoo m D igital
Camera—the camera that takes pictures digitally, without the use of film. With
your new camera, picture taking and print making is fun and easy. Here are
just a few examples of what you can do wit h your camera:
m
Get the images you want by adjusting the camera settings—shutter
speed, aperture, ISO levels, white balance, and more.
m
Capture full detail with 3.1 Megapixel uncompressed resolution.
m
Transfer your pictures to a computer for instant editing, enhancement,
or placem ent into a document.
m
Print high-quality pictur es at home using KODAK Inkjet Photo Paper,
or take your KODAK Pic ture Card to a KODAK Picture Maker System
and create photo-quality enlargements with a touch of a button.
Visit Kodak on the World Wide Web at www.kodak.com
Eastm a n Kodak Com p an y
343 State Street
Rochester, N.Y. 14650
Eastman Kodak Company, 2000
Kodak is a trademark of Eastman Kodak Company.
P/N 6B528 2
Table of Contents
1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Attachin g th e Neck Str ap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Using the Len s Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Loading the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Charging the Ba ttery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Inserting a Picture Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Removing a P icture Ca rd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Turning the Camera On and Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Checking the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Setting the Clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Adjusti ng the Viewfinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Camer a Men us Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Manual Picture Takin g Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Review Pictures Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Camer a S e tu p Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2 Taking Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Choosing a Capture Mo de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Taking a Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Shooting i n Fully Automatic Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
i
Shooting i n Man u al Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Setting the f-number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Setting the Shutter Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Shooting i n Aperture Priority Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Shooting a Burst Series of Pic tures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Shooting Di stant and Close-Up Pictures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Distant Pic tures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 1
Close-Up Pi ctures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Previewing Your Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Viewing an d Deleti ng the Last Picture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Using the Opt ical Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Using the Digital Zoom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Setting the Flash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Using an External Flash Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Using the Self-Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
3 Customiz in g Manual Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Adjusting the Exposure Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Adjusting the White B alance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Selecting a Color Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Setting the Pictur e Qu ality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Selecting E x posure Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7
ii
Setting Picture Sh arpness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Adjusti ng the ISO Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Setting the Shutter Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Placing th e Date on Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0
4 Revie w i ng Your Picture s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Viewing Pictures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Magnifyin g Pi ctures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Deleting Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Protecting Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Running a Slide Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Selecting Pictures for Automatic Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Viewing Picture I nformati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5 Personalizing Your Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Selecting a Power Save Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Setting Digital Zoom Behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Adjusti ng the Camera So unds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Setting V id e o Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Selecting a Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Formatting a Picture Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
iii
Resetting Camera Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Viewing Ca m era Info rmation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
6 Installing Your Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
WINDOWS- Based Sy stem Requir ements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
MACINTOSH System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
KODAK Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Installing the Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
7 Transferring Pictures To Your Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Using a USB Cable Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Starting KODAK Digital Camera Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
WINDOWS-based computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
MACINTOSH computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Locati ng Your Pictu res on the Picture Card . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0
Pictur e Naming Conv entions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
8 Tips and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Connecting Your Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Adjusting Your Monitor for Better Viewin g . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Getting Be tter Results f rom Your Prin te r . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
iv
9 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Software Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Kodak Onlin e Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Kodak Fax Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Telephone C u stomer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Before You Call. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Telephone Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
10 Warranty an d Reg u l at ory Inform ation. . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Warranty Time Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Warranty Repair Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Limita tions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Regulatory Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
FCC Compli ance and Advisory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Canadian DO C Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
11 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Original Camera Default Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
DC4800 Zoom Came ra Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
General Camera Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
General Safet y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Using Your Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
v
1 Getting Started
This chapter describes how to prepare your camera for taking pictures. It also
descri bes the camera menus and settings, and how to access them.
Attachin g th e Ne ck Str ap..... ... ... ............. ... ............. ...........pa ge 2
Using the Lens Cap ...................................................................2
Loading the Battery...................................................................3
Chargin g the Ba tte ry ........... ... ............. ... ............. ... ............. ... ...4
Inserting a Picture Card............................................................5
Removing a Picture Card ..........................................................6
Turning the Camera On and Off ................................................6
Checking th e Ba tte ry................. ... ............. ... ............. ... .............7
Setting the Clock.......................................................................8
Adjustin g th e Viewfinder.. ... ... ............. ... ............. ... ............. ... ...9
Camera Menus Overview ........................................................10
1
1
Attach ing the Neck Strap
CARD
OPEN
1 Attach the metal clips on the ends of the
neck st rap to the strap post on each side of
the camera.
2 Put the ends of the neck strap through the
metal clips.
3 Thread the strap through the plastic clips
as shown.
Using the Lens Cap
To protect the lens, cover it with the lens cap whenever you are not taking
pictures.
Depress the tabs on the lens cap, fit the cap on
the lens, and release the tabs.
2
Loading the Battery
EJECT
1 Slide the battery door as illustrated, then lift
to open.
1
2 Insert the battery in the correct orientation,
with the arrow and the (+)(-) symbols
facing down, as illustrated.
3 Close the door.
After you load a new or recharged battery,
we recommend that you check the
camera’s date/time information. See
“Setting the Clock” on page 8.
3
Charging the Battery
DC IN por t
Green re ady light
Orange ready light
Use the AC adapter to charge the battery. Complete charging takes four
hours.You may not use the camera while the battery is charging.
It is no t ne ces sa ry t o ch ar ge th e bat te ry befo re ta ki ng pi ct ur es. You can turn t he
camera on and take pictures with the AC adapter at any time. However, the
battery will not charge unless the camera is off and the AC adapter is plugged
in.
CAUTION: I t is important to use only a KODAK-spec ified 5V AC
For fas t one-hour charging, a battery charger is sold separately. Visit our Web
site at http://www.kodak.com /go/acce ssories.
adapter with your camera. Using a d ifferent adapter
or one with a different voltage cou ld damage your
camera and battery.
Make sure the camera is off.
1 Load the bat tery in the camera.
2 Plug the AC adapter into the DC IN port on
the camera.
3 Plug the AC adapter into a power outlet.
Charging takes four hours. You may not
take pictures while the battery is charging.
The oran ge ready light is on when the
battery is charging. The green ready light is
on when charging is complete.
Some AC adapters ar e supplied with
additional power plugs. Use the plug that
accommodates your type of power out let.
4
Insert ing a Pict ure Card
The KODAK Pi cture Card , included with your camera, stores y our pictures as
you take them. You must insert a Picture Card into the camera before you take
pictures. Use only certified cards that carry the CompactFlash logo .
Extra cards can be purchased separately on our Web site at
http://www.kodak.com/go/accessories.
NOTE: Think of Picture Cards as removable and reusable film,
except t hey are x-ray safe and provide easy storage and transfer
of pict ures.
1 Open the Picture Card door on the camera.
2 Hold the Picture Card by the lip so the
Lip
connect ion end is po inted at th e camera.
The Picture Card can only be inserted one
way into the camera. Forcing the card may
damage your camera.
3 Slide the Picture Card all the way into the
card slo t an d close the do or.
CF
1
5
Removing a Picture Card
CA
OPEN
1 Turn off the camera.
2 Open the Picture Card door on the camera.
3 Slide the Eject button as illustrated. The
Eject button is located on the bottom of the
camera.
4 Remove the Picture Card.
CAUTION: Do not insert or eject a Picture Card when the green
Picture Card access light is blinking. Doing so may
damage your pictures or camera.
Turning the Camera On and Off
m
To turn on the camera, press the power
button.
The oran ge ready light and the Status
Display turn on. The lens extends if the
Mode Dial is in a Capture setting (P, 2.8,
5.6, or 8).
m
To turn off the camera, press and hold the
power button for one second.
6
Checki n g the Battery
If your battery power is low, a symbol indicating the battery power level
appears in the Status Display when you turn on the camera.
For guidelines on battery usage, see page99.
NOTE: Alw a ys keep an ex tr a ba ttery read y. Consider pu rc hasing a
batter y and battery charger, sold separ ately on our Web si te at
http:/ /ww w.k o da k .co m / go /a cc es so r ie s.
1 Turn on the camera.
2 Check the battery symbol that appears in the Status Display. If no symbol
appears, your battery is fully charged.
Low—not fully charged and soon needs t o
be repl aced or recharged.
Exhaust ed (blinking)—too weak to
power th e camera and needs to be
replaced or recharged.
1
7
Setting the Clock
/
The camera has a built-in clock that maintains the date and time in a 24-hour
format. If the battery is removed from the camera for an extended period of
time, or is exhausted, you may need to reset the clock.
NOTE: It is imp ortant to set th e correct date and time if you want
to imprint the dat e on your pictures. See page 40.
1 With the camera turned on, turn
the Mode Dial to Setup.
2 Press a button until the
highlighted.
3 Press OK.
The date/time scr een appears.
4 Press a button to adj us t th e
date and time fields.
5 Press OK to accept the changes.
icon in the LCD is
/
8
Adjusting the Viewfinder
Use the diopter dial to customize the viewfinder for your eyesight.
NOTE: This feature i s helpful whe n several people are using the
camera, or when the person using the camer a is wearing glasses.
Adjust ing the diopter has no effect on t h e camera auto focus .
1 With the camera turned on, point the
DISP
MENU
OK
camera at a well-lit area.
2 Look through the viewfinder and turn the
VIDEO
OUT
DCIN
Diopter
diopter dial until the scene you are framing
appears sharp and focused.
dial
1
9
Camera Menus Overview
There are three main menus in the KODAK DC4800 Zoom Digital Camera. The
options in the menus allow you to change settings for taking pictures,
reviewing pictures, and for camera setup functions. This section explains how
to access each of the menus, and lists the options available in each.
Manual Pic t ure Takin g M en u
If you want more control over how your pictures will look, use the settings in
the Picture Taking Menu. These settings override the camera’s automatic
settings. For details on applying the settings, refer to the page listed under the
Menu Name below.
Menu
Icon
P
U
8
T
E
S
5
6
W
E
I
2
V
8
E
R
P
Menu Name
(page in this manual)
White Balance
(page 31)
Color Mode
(page 33)
Picture Quality
(page 35)
To access the Picture Taking Menus:
Set the Mode dial to a Capture setting
Press Menu
Scroll th ro ug h th e m enus , op tio n s
Select
Menu
Menu Name
Icon
(page in this manual)
Sharpness
(page 38)
ISO
(page 39)
Shutter Speed
(page 18)
10
Exposure Metering
(page 37)
Date and Time Stamp
(page 40)
Revie w P i c tures Menu
Use the options in the Review Menu to work with the pictures on the Picture
Card in y our camera. For detail s on applying the options, refer to the page
listed under the Menu Name below.
8
5
6
2
P
8
U
T
P
E
S
R
E
W
V
E
I
To access the Review Menus:
Turn the Mode Dial to Review
Press Menu
Scroll through the pictures, menus, option
Select
1
Menu
Icon
Menu Name
(page in this manual)
Magnify
(page 43)
Delete
(page 44 )
Protect
(page 45 )
Menu
Icon
Menu Name
(page in this manual)
Slid e Sh ow
(page 46)
Print Or d er
(page 47)
Picture Info
(page 49)
11
Camera Setup Menu
2
6
Use the options in the Setup Menu to customize your camera according to your
persona l preferences. For details on applying the options, refer to the page
listed under the Menu Name below.
8
5
P
R
8
E
V
I
E
W
S
P
E
U
T
To access the Setup Menus:
Turn the Mode Dial to Setup
Scroll through the menus, options
Select
Menu
Menu Name
Icon
(page in this manual)
Powe r Sa ve
(page 5 2)
Digital Z oo m
(page 5 4)
Camera Sounds
(page 56)
Date and Time
(page 8)
Menu
Menu Name
Icon
(page in this manual)
Langu ag e
(page 58 )
Format Picture Card
(page 59)
Camera Reset
(page 60)
About this Camera
(page 61)
Video Ou t
(page 5 7)
12
2 Taking Pictures
Use the automatic features of your camera and take your pictures with a simple
point and click. Or, you can take advantage of the manual settings if you prefer
more control over how your pictures will look.
Choosing a Ca pt ur e M ode ............ .... ............ .... ............ ...page 14
Taking a Picture .....................................................................15
Shooting in Fully Automatic Mode ..........................................16
Shootin g in Man u al Mod e ... ............. ... ............. ... ............ .... .... 17
Setting the f-number...............................................................17
Setting the Shutter Speed ........................................................18
Shooting in Aperture Priority Mode ........................................19
Shooting a Burst Series of Pictures.........................................20
Shooting Distant and Close-Up Pictures..................................21
Preview in g Your Pict ure .................. ... ............. ... ............ .... ....22
Viewing and Deleting the Last Picture.....................................23
Using the Opti ca l Zo om ......... ... ... .... ............ .... ............ ... ........ 24
Using the Digital Zoom...........................................................24
Setting the Flash .....................................................................25
Using an External Flash Unit...................................................26
Using the Self-Timer ...............................................................27
For help on using more advanced cam era settings, see Chapter 3, Customizing
Manual Settings.
13
2
Choosing a Capture Mode
Before you take a picture, turn the Mode Dial to your preferred capture mode.
m
P—use this setting when you are shooting with the
P
U
8
T
E
S
5
6
W
E
I
2
V
8
E
R
P
Capture modes
fully-automatic Programmed AE mode. See page 16.
m
f-numbers (2.8, 5.6, 8) —use the f-number settings
when you ar e shooting in the Manua l (page 17) or
Aperture Priority (page 19) modes.
14
Taking a Picture
Shutter button
Viewfinder
Green ready
light
Picture Card
access li ght
With the battery ch arged (or AC po wer suppli ed) and a Picture Card ins erted,
all you need to do is turn on the camera, select a capture mode, and take a
picture.
1 Center the subject in the viewfinder brackets,
or use Preview (page22).
2 Press the Shutter button half-way to lock in the
auto foc us and exposure, and to displa y the
2
shutte r speed in the Status Display.
The ready light glows green.
DISP
MENU
3 Press the Shutter button completely down to
OK
take the picture.
m
VIDEO
OUT
DCIN
The gree n Picture Ca rd access light
flashes.
m
In the Status Display, the frame counter
blinks and displays the number of pictures
remaining. This number can change
depending on resolution and Picture Card
capaci ty.
m
The picture appears in the LCD (unless
you are using battery power with Power
Save on) .
15
Shooting in Ful ly Automatic Mode
When shooting pictures with the fully automatic, or Programmed AE, mode the
camera automatically sets the f-number and shutter speed based on the
brightness of the subject. All you do is take the picture.
You can set a specific ISO speed, or leave the default at Auto (page 39).
NOTE: Use this shooti ng method to concentrate on picture
composition, without worrying about exposure.
1 Set the Mode Dial to P.
If you previously selected a shutter speed
P
U
8
T
E
S
5
6
W
E
I
2
V
8
E
R
P
(page 18), the cam er a ov er rides that
setting with an automatic setting only while
in P mode.
2 Press the Shutter button half-way to lock in
the focus and exposure.
3 Press the Shutter button completely down
to take the picture.
16
Shooting in Manual Mode
Use Manual mode when you want to control exposure, instead of using the
camera’s automatic settings. Consider using a hand-held light meter to help
you determine your settings.
When shooting pictures in Manual mode, you choose the f-number and the
shutter speed. You can set a specific ISO s peed if you wish (page 39).
Do not adjust the exposure compensation dial (page 30) while in Manual
mode.
1 On the Mode Dial, select an f-number. See page 17.
2 Press the Menu button and set the shutter speed. See page 18.
3 Press the Shutt er button ha lf-way to lock in the focus and expos ure.
4 Press the Shutter button completely down to take the picture.
Setting the f-number
The f-number controls the size of the lens opening, or aperture, which
determine s y ou r dept h o f fi el d (th e d ista nc e rang e wi thi n wh ich a pi ct ure l oo ks
sharp). The larger the f-number, the smaller the aperture.
On the Mode Dial, select an f-number setting.
E
S
m
W
E
I
V
E
R
f/8—best depth of field, making the
foreground and background sharp. Ideal
for landscapes and well-lit scenes.
m
f/5.6—moderate depth of field, m aking
the foregr ound sh arp wit h slight blurri ng of
the background.
m
f/2.8—minimum depth of field, making
the foreground sharp and the background
blurry. Ideal for portraits or low-light
scenes.
8
5
6
2
f-numbers
P
U
T
P
8
2
17
Loading...