Kodak AS-75 User Manual

AS-75

KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405

KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 is a
panchromatic, negative aerial camera film with good contrast
for easier interpretation from negatives, high resolution, and
wide exposure latitude. Its extended red sensitivity permits
greater speed with the filters used for the reduction of
atmospheric-haze effects.

The ESTAR Base provides flexibility, moisture
resistance, high tear resistance, and excellent dimensional
stability. This film has a thin, highly hardened, and
abrasion-resistant emulsion that permit high-temperature
rapid processing in modern continuous-processing
machines.

This film can be processed in the KODAK VERSAMAT
Film Processor, Model 11 or 1140, with KODAK
VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, KODAK VERSAMAT
641 Chemicals, or KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals,
Type A. KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC
Film 2405 can also be processed at normal temperatures in
conventional rewind equipment, such as the Gordon/Morse
M-10 Developing Outfit (Military Designator: B-5) using a
variety of Kodak black-and-white developers

APPLICATIONS

KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 is a
medium- to high-speed film for aerial mapping, charting, and
general aerial photography.

SAFELIGHT

Total darkness is required.

EXPOSURE

Aerial film speeds (ISO A or EAFS) should not be con fused
with conventional film speeds which are designed for roll
and sheet films used in pictorial ph otography. The
characteristics of aerial scenes differ markedly from those of
ordinary pictorial or ground scenes because of the smaller
range in subject luminances, atmospheric haze conditions,
and other factors. Therefore, different film-speed parameters
are used to relate aerial-scene characteristics to practical
exposure recommendations. The KODAK Aerial Exposure
Computer, KODAK Publication AS-10 has been published
based on the aerial film speed criterion.

Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 400

Other suggested aerial film speeds for processing this film
in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Models 11 or
1140, using VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, 641 Chemicals
and Type A Chemicals can be found in the sensitometric data
tables.

Note: The aerial film speeds given in this publication were
obtained by rounding the calculated values to the nearest
cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 1⁄3 stop).

BASE

3.9-mil (0.10 mm) ESTAR Base with a dyed-gel backing

TOTAL FILM THICKNESS

The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of this film is

4.50 mils (0.114 mm). This includes emulsion—0.40 mil
(0.010 mm), base—3.9 mils (0.10 mm), and backing—

0.20 mil (0.005 mm).

WEIGHT

The weight of 2405 Film (unprocessed), conditioned in
equilibrium with 50 percent relative humidity, is 0.035 lbs⁄ft
(0.0159 kg/ft

2

).

SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY

Panchromatic, with extended red sensitivity.

©Eastman Kodak Company, 2005

Filters

KODAK PROFESSIONAL WRATTEN Gelatin Filter

No. 3 No. 8 No. 12 No. 15 No. 25

Filter Factor 1.5 2 2 2.5 4

Typical Camera Exposure

A typical exposure for this film is approximately 1⁄750
second at f⁄8. This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 40
degrees, a clear day, an aircraft altitude of 5,000 feet, and a
speed of ISO A 400, using a 2X antivignetting filter.

Reciprocity Characteristics

2

No exposure or development time adjustments are required
for exposure times from 1⁄1,000 second to 1⁄10 second; at
1⁄10,000 second, increase the development time by 10
percent.

IMAGE STRUCTURE

The following data are based on processing in KODAK
VERSAMAT Film Processors, Model 11, using KODAK
VERSAMAT Chemicals at the conditions noted.

Resolving Power

Developer

885
641
Type A

*

Granularity values read at a net diffuse density of 1.0 with a

48-micrometre aperture.

(line pairs/mm)

TOC 1.6:1 TOC 1000:1

50
40
38

125
125

94

rms Granularity

26
26
42

Process conditions to achieve above values:

885 Chemicals:15 fpm, 85°F (29.5°C), process gamma 1.10
641 Chemicals: 5 fpm, 85°F (29.5°C), process gamma 1.30
Type A Chemicals: 10 fpm, 90°F (32°C), process gamma

1.65

STORAGE

For consistent results, all aerial films should be stored under
fairly constant conditions. Kodak aerial films are “usually”
packaged in equilibrium with 40 to 50 percent relative
humidity. High temperatures or high humidity may produce
undesirable changes in the film.

Unexposed Film

Store unexposed film in a refrigerator at 55°F (13°C) or
lower, or freezer at 0 to -10°F (-18 to -23°C), in the original
sealed container. If the f ilm is stored in a refrigerator, remov e
it about 2 hours before opening; if stored in a freezer, remove
it about 8 hours before opening. A sufficient warm-up time
is necessary to prevent moisture condensation on cold film -­otherwise, moisture spotting, ferrotyping, or sticking may
occur.

Exposed Film

Keep exposed film cool and dry. Process the film as soon as
possible after exposure to avoid undesirable changes in the
latent image. If it is necessary to hold exposed but
unprocessed film for sev eral days (s uch as o v er a weekend),
it should be resealed and refrigerated at 40°F (4°C) or lower.
Before unsealing and processing exposed film that has been
held in cold storage, follow the warm-up procedures
described for unexposed film described above.

Processed Film

For best keeping, store processed film in a dark, dust-free
area at 50 to 70°F (10 to 21°C) and 30 to 50 percent relative
humidity. Preferably, store negatives on the spool or in
individual KOD AK PROFESSION AL Sleeves. High relative
humidity promotes the growth of mold and causes

*

ferrotyping. V ery low relativ e humidity causes excessive curl
and brittleness. Avoid storage temperatures over 80°F
(27°C).

PROCESSING

KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2305 can be
processed in KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Models
11 and 1140, with KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals,
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, or KODAK
VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A.

Mechanized processing in roller-transport processors
offers the advantages of uniform treatment of all portions of
the roll, freedom from banding, and absence of significant
density variations from ends of the roll to the center. Refer to
the operator’s manual for the processor set-up information,
but in all cases, the fixer replenisher should be introduced
into tank No. 5 of the processor with a countercurrent flow
to tank No. 3, where it overflows to a collection or recovery
system.

General instructions for setting the machine dryer
temperature are included in these pages. However, the
temperature of the dryer may require some further
adjustment, depending upon the ambient temperature
conditions in the processing area. Usually it is best to set the
temperature approximately 3°F (2°C) above that required to
dry unexposed, processed film.

Chemicals

The following KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals may be
used in both the Model 11 and Model 1140 VERSAMAT
Processors.

KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Starter
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Fixer and Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Starter
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Fixer and Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Starter, Type A
KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Replenisher, Type A
KODAK VERSAMAT Fixer and Replenisher, Type A

Notice: Observe precautionary information on product labels and on
the Material Safety Data Sheets.

2 KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 • AS-75