Kodak AS-2569 User Manual

AS-2569
KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427
KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427 is a very fine-grain, mediu m-speed color - re vers al aerial camera film. This film has excellent color rendition and good image quality.
It has an ESTAR Base with a clear gel backing. The ESTAR Base has good optical qualities and provides flexibility, moisture resistance, high tear resistance, and excellent dimensional stability.
This film can be processed in Process AR-5 using KODAK EA-5 Chemicals in modern, continuous-processing machines such as the KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611 or the KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811. It can also be processed in rewind equipment such as the Gordon/Morse rewind equipment.
APPLICATIONS
KODAK AEROCHR OME III MS Film 2427 is intended for low- to medium-altitude mapping and reconnaissance applications. It provides positive color transparencies suitable for projection, direct viewing, or making color prints.
BASE
3.9-mil (0.10 mm) ESTAR Base with a clear gel backing.
EXPOSURE
Aerial Film Speeds (EAFS or ISO A equivalent) should not be confused with conventional film speeds, which are designed for roll and sheet films used in pictorial photography. The characteristics of aerial scenes differ markedly from those of ordinary pictorial or ground scenes because of the smaller range in subject luminance, atmospheric haze conditions, and other factors. Therefore, different film-speed characteristics are used to relate aerial-scene characteristics to practical exposure recommendations.
The KODAK Aerial Exposure Computer, KODAK Publication AS-10, has been published based on the aerial film speed criterion.
Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 32 (based on development in KODAK EA-5 Chemicals)
Note: The Aerial Film Speed given in this publication is rounded to the nearest cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 1⁄3 stop).
Filters
No color-correction filters are used with this film, although a haze filter, such as a KODAK WRATTEN Filter HF-3 or No. 2B may be necessary for reducing the effects of atmospheric haze.
TOTAL FILM THICKNESS
The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of this film is
5.44 mils (0.14 mm). This includes emulsion—1.04 mil (0.03 mm), base—3.9 mils (0.10 mm), and backing—
0.50 mil (0.013 mm).
WEIGHT
The weight of AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427 (unprocessed), conditioned in equilibrium with 50 percent relative hu midity, is 0.038 lbs/sq ft (0.0172 kg/sq ft).
SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY
This multilayer, color-reversal film is balanced for daylight exposure.
SAFELIGHT
Total darkness is required.
©Eastman Kodak Company, 2005
Typical Camera Exposure
A typical exposure for this film is approximately 1⁄500 second at f4.7. This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 40 degrees, a clear day, and an aircraft altitude of 5000 feet.
When using an aerial camera equipped with an antivignetting filter, or other filter, it is important to increase this typical exposure by the filter factor of the filter used.
IMAGE STRUCTURE
The following data are based on processing in KODAK EA-5 Chemicals, Process AR-5.
Resolving Power (line pairs/mm)
TOC 1.6:1 TOC 1000:1
80 100 13
*
Granularity values read at a net green diffuse density of 1.0 with a
48-micrometre aperture.
rms Granularity
*
STORAGE
For consistent results, all aerial films should be stored under fairly constant conditions. Kodak aerial films are “usually” packaged in equilibrium with 40 to 50 percent relative humidity. High temperatures or high humidity may produce undesirable changes in the film.
Unexposed Film
Store unexposed film in a refrigerator at 55°F (13°C) or lower, or freezer at 0 to -10°F (-18to-23°C), in the original sealed container. If the film is stored in a refrigerator, remove it about 2 hours before opening; if stored in a freezer , remove it about 8 hours before opening. A sufficient warm-up time is necessary to prevent moisture condensation on cold film– otherwise, moisture spotting, ferrotyping, or sticking may occur.
Exposed Film
Keep exposed film cool and dry. Process the f ilm as soon as possible after exposure to avoid undesirable changes in the latent image. If it is necessary to hold exposed but unprocessed film for sev eral days (s uch as o v er a weekend), it should be resealed and refrigerated at 40°F (4°C) or lower . Before unsealing and processing exposed film that has been held in cold storage, follow the warm-up procedures described for unexposed film described above.
Processed Film
For best keeping, store processed film in a dark, dust -free area at 50 to 70°F (10 to 21°C) and 30 to 50 percent relative humidity. Preferably, store negatives on the spool or in individual KODAK Sleeves. High relative humidity promotes the growth of mold and causes ferrotyping. Very low relative humidity causes excessive curl and brittleness. Avoid storage temperatures over 80°F(27°C).
PROCESSING
The primary recommendation for processing 2427 Film is in Process AR-5 using mechanized processors. Mechanized processing in roller-transport processors offers the advantages of uniform treatment of all portions of the roll, freedom from banding, and absence of significant density variations from ends of the roll to the center.
Process AR-5 Cycle Times
Processor Transport
KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611
KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor , Model 1811 (with Quick-Change)
KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor , Model 1811 (Standard Configuration)
Speed (feet per minute)
3.5 17.4 min
3.5 17.2 min
5.3 13.6 min
In each case, the film is fed emulsion side down into the
processor.
This publication provides general information regarding the KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Mode 1611, and the KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811. Refer to the operating manuals for additional set-up information.
Note: For a list of firms equipped to offer machine processing of 2427 Film, write to Eastman Kodak Company, Aerial Imaging, Rochester, New York 14653-7128.
Chemicals
Process AR-5 uses the following KODAK EA-5 Chemicals:
KODAK EA-5 First Developer * KODAK EA-5 First Developer Replenisher KODAK EA-5 First and Second Stop Bath and
Replenisher KODAK EA-5 Color Developer KODAK EA-5 Color Developer Replenisher KODAK EA-5 Bleach and Replenisher KODAK Aerial Color Fixer and Replenisher KODAK EA-5 Stabilizer and Replenisher The first developer working solution is prepared by
combining one part first developer with two parts first developer replenisher.
Dry-to-Dry
Processing
Time
Notice: Observe precautionary information on product labels and on
the Material Safety Data Sheets.
2 KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427 AS-2569
Processing Sequence—3.5 fpm
Replenishment and Wash Rates—3.5 fpm
KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611
Solution/
Step
SKIP TANKS
First Developer
Tank
No.
Time
(Seconds)
Solution Temperature
1, 2, 3 21.3
4, 5 141.6 (49.4 ± 0.3°C) 121 ± 0.5°F
First Stop 6 70.5 (46 ± 3°C) 115 ± 5°F Wash 7 71.3 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Color
Developer Second
Stop
8, 9 140.7 (49 ± 0.6°C) 120 ± 1°F
10 71.1 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F
Wash 11 70.5 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Bleach 12 70.3 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Fixer 13 71.3 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Final Wash
*
14, 15,
16
211.3 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F
Dryer 106.5 (63 ± 3°C) 145 ± 5°
*
Inject EA-5 Stabilizer and Replenishe r into ta nk 16 of the fina l wa sh at a
rate of 50 mL/min for all film widths.
KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811,
Quick-Change
Solution/
Step
SKIP TANKS
First Developer
Tank
No.
Time
(Seconds)
Solution Temperature
1 - 6 39.3
7, 8 141.3 (49.4 ± 0.3°C) 121 ± 0.5°F
First Stop 9 70.3 (46 ± 3°C) 115 ± 5°F Wash 10 71.3 (49 ± 3°C 120 ± 5°F) Color
Developer Second
Stop
11, 12 140.7 (49 ± 0.6°C) 120 ± 1°F
13 70.3 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F
Wash 14 71.3 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Bleach 15 70.5 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Fixer 16 71.1 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Final Wash Dryer
*
Inject EA-5 Stabilizer and Replenisher into tank 18 of the final wash at a
rate of 50 mL/min for all film widths.
Set air damper control knobs at 8. The te mperature of the dryer may
require adjustment depending on the ambient temperature and humidity conditions in the processing area.
*
17, 18 140.7 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F
147.3 (60 ± 3°C) 140 ± 5°F
*
9 1/2-in
(mL/min)
Solution/
Step
First Developer
Models 1611 and 1811 with Quick-Change
Basic
Rate
(mL/sq ft)
70 mm
(mL/min)
Film Width
5-in
(mL/min)
150 120 220 415
First Stop 200 160 290 555 Was h —2 gal /mi n— Color
Developer Second
Stop
250 200 365 695
200 160 290 555
Wash —2 gal/min (Model 1611 only)— Bleach 90 75 130 250 Fixer 100 80 145 275 Final
Wash
*
These rates have been rounded to the nearest usable increment.
Inject EA-5 Stabilizer and Replenishe r into tank 16 (Mod el 1611) or tank
18 (Model 1811) of the final wash at a rate of 50 mL/min for all film widths. In the Model 1611, this w as flows counterc urrent to tanks 15 and
14. In the Model 1811, this wash overflows from tank 17 into tank 14.
—2 gal/min—
Processing Sequence—5.3 fpm
KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811
Solution/
Step
SKIP TANKS
First Developer
First Stop 7 46.9 (46 ± 3°C) 115 ± 5°F Wash 8 46.9 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Color
Developer Second
Stop Wash 14 46.9 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Bleach 15 46.9 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Fixer 16 46.9 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Wash 17 46.9 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F Stabilizer 18 46.9 —Equilibrium— Dryer
(V ents set
at 8)
*
No temperature controlling device is provided; solution temperature
attains “equilibrium” depending on temperature of replenisher and surrounding conditions.
Set air damper control knob at 8. The dryer temperature may require
adjustment depending on the ambien t temperature and humidity conditions in the processing area.
Tank
No.
Time
(Seconds)
Solution Temperature
1, 2, 3 14.6
4, 5, 6 140.3 (49.4 ± 0.3°C) 121 ± 0.5°F
9, 10,
11, 12
187.5 (49 ± 0.6°C) 120 ± 1°F
13 46.9 (49 ± 3°C) 120 ± 5°F
*
97.8 (60 ± 3°C) 140 ± 5°F
KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427 AS-2569 3
Replenishment and Wash Rates—5.3 fpm
Model 1811, Standard Configuration
Solution/
Step
First Developer
First Stop 200 245 440 840 Wash —2 gal/min— Color
Developer Second
Stop Bleach 90 110 200 380 Fixer 100 120 220 420
Wash Stabilizer 120 145 265 505
*
These rates have been rounded to the nearest usable increme nt.
This wash overflows from tank 17 into tank 14.
Basic
Rate
(mL/sq ft)
150 185 330 630
250 305 550 1050
200 245 440 840
70 mm
(mL/min)
Film Width
5-in
(mL/min)
—2 gal/min—
*
9 1/2-in
(mL/min)
Bleach Regeneration
Regeneration of used EA-5 Bleach will reduce processing solution costs and substantially reduce the amount of bleach discarded to the sewer. Collection and treatment tanks for bleach overflow solution and chemical testing capability are required. A detailed laboratory procedure is available from Eastman Kodak Company.
REWIND PROCESSING
Note: This is not a primary recommendation.
KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427 yields optimum results with modern, high-temperature, continuous-processing machines. It can be processed in rewind equipment, although this method is not a primary processing recommendation. Eastman Kodak Company no longer offers packaged chemicals for such processing. Customers wishing to use rewind equipment such as the Gordon/Morse M-10 Developing Outfit (Military Designator: B-5) may contact Aerial Imaging for information on exposure, processing chemicals, process cycles, and general recommendations.
PROCESS CONTROL
KOD AK Control Strips, Process AR-5, are available and are recommended for monitoring the processing of 2427 Film and several other color aerial films in KODAK roller-transport processors using EA-5 chemicals. For detailed information on process con trol and trouble-shooting, refer to “Using Processes AR-5 and AN-5 for KODAK Color Aerial Films,” KODAK Publication Z-200.
PRINTING TRANSPARENCIES
Y ou can reproduce images made on AER OCHR OME III MS Film by using a variety of Kodak materials.
Color Transparencies
You can make duplicates directly on KODAK PROFESSIONAL EKTACHROME Duplicating Film EDUPE. Or, you could scan your image to a file or have an internegative made, and print it on KODAK PROFESSIONAL ENDURA Clear Display Material.
Color Prints
You could scan your image to a file or have an internegativ e made, and print it on—
KODAK PROFESSIONAL PORTRA, SUPRA, and ULTRA ENDURA Papers
KODAK PROFESSIONAL ENDURA Transparency Display Material
KODAK PROFESSIONAL ENDURA Metallic Paper
4 KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427 AS-2569
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
The dimensional stability of aerial films is of particular interest and importance in accurate mapping and in the reproduction of maps.
Dimensional stability is an all-inclusive term. In photography, it applies to size changes caused by changes in humidity and in temperature, and by processing and aging. The absence of solvent in ESTAR Base is one of the reasons why ESTAR Base films show excellent dimensional stability. The dimensional properties of ESTAR Base may vary slightly in different directions within a sheet; the differences that may exist, however, are not always between the length and width directions.
Temporary Dimensional Changes
Thermal Coefficient of Linear Expansion:
0.001% per degree F of change
0.0018% per degree C of change
Humidity Coefficient of Linear Expansion (Unprocessed):
0.0025% per 1% change in relative humidity
Permanent Dimensional Changes
SIZE DATA AND ORDERING INFORMATION
Information on available sizes and minimum order quantities of this film is available on the web at www.kodak.com/go/aerial. You can also write or call:
Aerial Imaging Eastman Kodak Company 343 State Street Rochester, New York 14650-0505 (585) 724-4688 Toll-free in the US: (877) 909-4280
Note: The Kodak materials described in this publication used with KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427 are available from those dealers normally supplying Kodak products. Other materials may be used, but equivalent results may not be obtained.
Processing Dimensional Change:
-0.03 to +0.02% shrinkage to swell
Aging Shrinkage of Processed Film:
0.06% 1 week at (49°C) 120°F , 20% RH
0.03% 1 year at (25.5°C) 78°F , 60% RH
KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427 AS-2569 5
KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427
y
S
S
C
S
)
)
4.0
0
S
O
S
CURVES
Spectral Sensitivity
2.0
1.0
*
0.0
LOG SENSITIVITY
1.0
Effective Exposure: Process: Density:
2.0 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 750700
Yellow-
Forming
Layer
Exposure
AR-5
1.0, Equivalent Neutral Density (END)
Magenta-
Forming
Layer
WAVELENGTH (nm)
*Sensitivity = reciprocal of exposure (erg/cm ) required
to produce specified densit
Spectral Dye Density
1.4
Normalized Dyes to form a visual neutral density of
1.0 for a viewing illuminant of 5000 K
1.2
ITY
1
0.8
TRAL DEN PE
0.6
E
0.4
DIFFU
0.2
0.0 400
Process:
Yellow
AR-5
Magenta
500
WAVELENGTH (nm
Visual Neutral
600
Cyan-
Forming
Layer
2
Cyan
700
DENSITY
200 100
70 50
30 20
E (%) N
10
P RE
1
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
7 5
3 2
Characteristic Curves
Exposure:
3.0
Process:
R
Densitometry:
G
B
2.0 LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds
AR-5 / 2427
1.0 0.0
Modulation Transfer Function
Exposure: Process:
Daylight
AR-5
SPATIAL FREQUENCY (cycles/mm)
Daylight
Status A
1.
B G R
60020050201054321 100
NOTICE: While the sensitometric data in this publication are typical of production coatings, they do not represent
KODAK AEROCHROME III MS Film 2427
standards which must be met by Kodak. Varying storage, exposure, and processing condtions will affect results. The company reserves the right to change and improve product characteristics at any time.
Aerial Imaging
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY ROCHESTER, NY 14650-0505
Kodak, Aerochrome, Estar, Ektachrome, and Wratten are trademarks.
Revised 11-05
Printed in U.S.A.
KODAK Publication No. AS-2569
TI2569
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