Kodak AS-116 User Manual

AS-116

KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444

KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 is a
medium-speed, very fine-grain color negative aerial film.
This film has a wide exposure latitude and is specifically
designed for processing to a color negative only. Since this
film does not have integral color masking, direct
interpretation can be made from the negative. Objects are
recorded in colors complementary to their natural colors.

The ESTAR Base provides flexibility, moisture
resistance, high tear resistance, and excellent dimensional
stability. KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444
has an abrasion-resistant emulsion, an antihalation
undercoat, and a dyed-gel backing.

The hardened emulsion permits high-temperature, rapid
processing in roller-transport processors, such as the
KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611, and the
KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811, with
Quick-Change, using Process AN-6. This process consists of
selected KODAK EA-5 Chemicals and AN-6 Chemicals.
Processing can be easily tailored to optimize contrast for
specific applications.

This film is also compatible with Process C-41. It can be
processed in existing C-41 processors using either KODAK
FLEXICOLOR Developer or KODAK Developer
Replenisher, Process AN-6.

This film can be processed in rewind processing
equipment, such as the Morse M-10 developing outfit
(Military Designator: B-5), although this is not a primary
processing recommendation.

APPLICATIONS

KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 is for
general use in medium- to high-altitude aerial-mapping and
aerial-reconnaissance photography. It is suited for
geological, pollution, archeological, crop and forestry
studies; traffic control; city planning; railway, highway, and
hydraulic engineering; oceanography; and remote sensing, as
well as other areas where photogrammetry is used. It is also
well suited and recommended for use in digital film
recorders.

BASE

3.9-mil (0.10 mm) ESTAR Base with a gel backing.

TOTAL FILM THICKNESS

The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of this film is

5.2 mils (0.132 mm). This includes emulsion—0.8 mil
(0.020 mm), base—3.9 mils (0.10 mm), and backing—

0.5 mil (0.013 mm ).

WEIGHT

The weight of AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444
(unprocessed), conditioned in equilibrium with 50 percent
relative humidity, is 0.04 lbs⁄sq ft (0.018 kg⁄sq ft).

SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY

This multilayer, color negative film is balanced for daylight
exposure.

SAFELIGHT

Total darkness is required.

EXPOSURE

Aerial Film Speeds (EAFS or ISO A equivalent) should not
be confused with conventional film speeds, which are
designed for roll and sheet films used in pictorial
photography. The characteristics of aerial scenes differ
markedly from those of ordinary pictorial or ground scenes
because of the smaller range in subject luminance,
atmospheric haze conditions, and other factors. Therefore,
different film-speed parameters are used to relate
aerial-scene characteristics to practical exposure
recommendations.

The KODAK Aerial Exposure Computer, KODAK
Publication AS-10, has been published based on the aerial
film speed criterion.

Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 125
(based on development for maximum contrast)

Note: The Aerial Film Speed given in this publication is
rounded to the nearest cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 1⁄3
stop).

Filters

This film incorporates an integral ultraviolet-absorbing filter,
so color correction filters are not normally used. If necessary ,
additional color-balance adjustment in the blue region can be
achieved using KODAK Haze Cutting Filters HF-4 or HF-5.

©Eastman Kodak Company, 2005

Typical Camera Exposure

A typical exposure for this film, in an aerial camera with a
2X antivignetting filter, is approximately 1⁄750 second at
f⁄5.6. This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 40 degrees,
a clear day, and an aircraft altitude of 5000 feet.

Reciprocity Characteristics

No filter correction or exposure adjustment is required for
exposure times from 1⁄10,000 second to 1⁄10 second.

IMAGE STRUCTURE

Processed Film

For best keeping, store processed film in a dark, dust-free
area at 50 to 70°F (10 to 21°C) and 30 to 50 percent relative
humidity. Preferably, store negatives on the spool or in
individual KODAK Sleeves. High relative humidity
promotes the growth of mold and causes ferrotyping. Very
low relative humidity causes excessive curl and brittleness.
Avoid storage temperatures over 80°F (27°C).

Caution! Do not freeze processed AEROCOLOR III

Color Negative Film 2444. Freezing processed film can
cause coupler alterations.

Resolving Power

Process

AN-6, 3:00 dev time 80 100 16
C-41, 4:15 dev time 80 125 15
C-41, 3:15 dev time 80 125 10

*

Granularity values read at a net green diffuse density of 1.0 with a

48-micrometre aperture.

(line pairs/mm)

TOC 1.6:1 TOC 1000:1

rms

Granularity

STORAGE

For consistent results, all aerial films should be stored under
fairly constant conditions. Kodak aerial films are “usually”
packaged in equilibrium with 40 to 50 percent relative
humidity. High temperatures or high humidity may produce
undesirable changes in the film. Color films are more
seriously affected by adverse storage conditions than are
black-and-white films. These adverse conditions affect the
three emulsion layers to different degrees, thus causing
changes in the color balance, as well as possible changes in
overall film speed and contrast.

Unexposed Film

While this film has exceptionally good rawstock keeping
characteristics at room temperature, it is recommended that
film that will not be exposed within two weeks be stored in a
refrigerator at 55°F (13°C) or lower , or freezer at 0 to -10°F
(-18 to -23°C), in the original sealed container. If the film is
stored in a refrigerator, remove it about 2 hours before
opening; if stored in a freezer, remov e it about 8 hours before
opening. A sufficient warm-up time is necessary to prevent
moisture condensation on cold film—otherwise, moisture
spotting, ferrotyping, or sticking may occur.

Exposed Film

Although this film has excellent latent-keeping properties, it
remains prudent to keep exposed film cool and dry whene ver
practical. Process the film as soon as possible after exposure
to avoid undesirable changes in the latent image. If it is
necessary to hold exposed but unprocessed film for more
than a week, it should be resealed and refrigerated at 40°F
(4°C) or lower. Before unsealing and processing exposed
film that has been held in cold storage, follow the warm-up
procedures described above for unexposed film.

PROCESSING

*

The primary recommendation for processing 2444 Film is in
Process AN-6 using mechanized processors. Mechanized
processing in roller-transport processors offers the
advantages of uniform treatment of all portions of the roll,
freedom from banding, and absence of significant density
variations from ends of the roll to the center.

Note: Contrast may be easily tailored over a range of
approximately 0.65 to 0.95 gamma to suit various
acquisition and personal preferences. The following tables
for Process AN-6 pertain to the highest contrast option; a
table at the end of this section lists both AN-6 and C-41
developer time/temperature options to achieve a variety of
desired contrasts.

Process AN-6 Cycle Times

Processor

KODAK Aerial Color
Processor, Model 1611

KODAK EKTACHROME
RT Processor, Model
1811 (with Quick-Change)

Tr ansport Speed
(feet per minute)

4.2 11.8 minutes

4.2 11.6 minutes

Dry-to-Dry

Processing

Time

In each case, the film is fed emulsion side down into the

processor.

This publication provides general information regarding
the KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611, and the
KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811.
Refer to the operating manuals for additional set-up
information.

Note: For a list of firms equipped to offer machine
processing of 2444 Film, send an e-mail to
[e-mail] or write to Eastman Kodak Company,
Aerial Imaging, Rochester, New York 14653-7128.

2 KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 • AS-116