Keithley 2281S Quick Start Manual

2281S Precision DC Supply and Battery Simulator

Quick Start Guide

Safety precautions

Observe the following safety precautions before using this product and any associated
instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with
nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are
familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all
installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product.
Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product
w arranty may be impaired.
The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for use and maintenance of
equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and
operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical
safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric
shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating
properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials.
Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly
state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by
service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and
repair products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service
procedures.
Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are
measurement, control, and data I/O connections, with low transient overvoltages and must
not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient
overvoltages. Measurement Category II (as referenced in IEC 60664) connections require
protection for high transient overvoltages often associated with local AC mains connections.
Certain Keithley measuring instruments may be connected to mains. These instruments will
be marked as category II or higher.
Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications, operating manual, and instrument labels, do
not connect any instrument to mains.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on
cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30 V RMS, 42.4 V peak, or
60 V DC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in
any unknown circuit before measuring.
Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible
body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every
connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact.
Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the
risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 V, no conductive
part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be
used with impedance-limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC
mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault
current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a
properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers
for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack
mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided in close
proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while
power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test
system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers,
installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or
removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit
under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while
standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.
For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating
instructions. If the instruments or accessories are used in a manner not specified in the
operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in
the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture
panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued
protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as
protective earth (safety ground) connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under
test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to protective earth (safety ground) using the wire
recommended in the user documentation.

This symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of danger. The user should
refer to the operating instructions located in the user documentation in all cases
w here the symbol is marked on the instrument.

This symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of electric shock. Use
standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

This symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid
personal contact to prevent burns.

This symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

If the mercury symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the
display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be properly disposed of according
to federal, state, and local laws.

WARNING

This heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might
result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated
information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

CAUTION

This heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could
damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains
circuits — including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks — must be purchased
from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be
used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety-related may be
purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component
(note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain
accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a
replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.
To clean an instrument, remove power from the instrument. Use a damp cloth or mild,
w ater-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly
to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of
a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board
becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory
for proper cleaning and servicing.
Safety precaution revision of January 2013.

Power and environmental specifications

For indoor use only.

Power supply

100 V AC/120 V AC/ 220 V AC/240 V AC, 50 Hz or 60
Hz

Operating altitude

Max imum 2000 m (6562 ft ) above sea level

Operating
temperature

0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to 104 °F), full accuracy to 80 %
relative humidity at up to 35 °C (95 °F), non-

condensing

Storage temperature

-20 °C to 70 °C (-4 °F to 158 °F), 5 % to 95 % relativ e
humidity at up to 40 °C (+104 °F) and 5 % to 60 % R H

abov e 40 °C (+104 °F) up to 70 °C (+158 °F)

Pollution d egree

2

Carefully consider and configure the appropriate output-off
state, and source and compliance levels before connecting the
instrument to a device that can deliver energy. Failure to
consider the output-off state and source and limit levels may
result in damage to the instrument or to the device under test.

Introduction

Thank you for choosing a Keithley Instruments product. The
Model 2281S Precision DC Supply and Battery Simulator is a highly
sensitive, accurate, programmable power supply that sources stable
low-noise voltage, and monitors load currents over a wide dynamic
range from amperes to nanoamperes,. It can also test batteries and
generate battery models to simulate batteries.

The high-resolution 4.3 inch color display shows numerous
parameters that describe the state of the instrument to enable you to
get the most information from your measurements.

You can generate and edit battery models on the display. In addition,
the capacity and voltage changes are shown on the display during the
battery simulation.

Model

number

Description

2281S-20-6

Precision DC Supply and Battery Simulator, 20 V, 6 A

CD-ROM contents

The CD-ROM that is included with your instrument contains PDFs
of the Reference Manual, Quick Start Guide, and accessory manuals.

For additional support information, see

http://www.tek.com/keithley.

Unpack and inspect the instrument

1. Inspect the box for damage.

2. Open the top of the box.

3. Remove the bag that contains the documentation, standard

accessories, CD-ROM, and cable housing.

4. Remove the packaging insert.

5. Remove the 2281S from the box.

Do not lift the 2281S from the front bezel. Lifting the instrument
by the front bezel can cause instrument damage.

6. Inspect the instrument for any obvious signs of physical

damage. Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately.

You should have received the 2281S with the following accessories,
shown in the photograph:

1 Power line cord

2 KickStart Quick Start Guide

3 2281S Quick Start Guide (this document)

4 2281S Precision DC Supply & Battery Simulator Product

Information CD-ROM

5 Model CA-180-3A CAT5 Crossover Cable for Ethernet

6 User's Guide Safety Standards Conformance Information

7 Cable housing

Connect the instrument

Important test system safety information

This product is sold as a stand-alone instrument that may become
part of a system that could contain hazardous voltages and energy
sources. It is the responsibility of the test system designer, integrator,
installer, maintenance personnel, and service personnel to make sure
the system is safe during use and is operating properly.

You must also realize that in many test systems a single fault, such as
a software error, may output hazardous signal levels even when the
system indicates that there is no hazard present.

It is important that you consider the following factors in your system
design and use:

 The international safety standard IEC 61010-1 defines voltages as

hazardous if they exceed 30 V

RMS

and 42.4 V

peak

, or 60 V DC for
equipment rated for dry locations. Keithley Instruments products
are only rated for dry locations.

 Read and comply w ith the specifications of all instruments in the

system. The overall allowed signal levels may be constrained by
the low est rated instrument in the system. For example, if you are
using a 500 V power supply with a 300 V DC rated switch, the
maximum allow ed voltage in the system is 300 V DC.

 Make sure any test fixture connected to the system protects the

operator from contact with hazardous voltages, hot surfaces, and
sharp objects. Use shields, barriers, insulation, and safety
interlocks to accomplish this.

 Cover the device under test (DUT) to protect the operator from

flying debris in the event of a system or DUT failure.

 Double-insulate all electrical connections that an operator can

touch. Double insulation ensures the operator is still protected
even if one insulation layer fails. Refer to IEC 61010-1 for
specific requirements.

 Make sure all connections are behind a locked cabinet door or

other barrier. This protects the system operator from accidentally
removing a connection by hand and exposing hazardous voltages.
Use high-reliability fail-safe interlock switches to disconnect
power sources when a test fixture cover is opened.

 Where possible, use automatic handlers so operators are not

required to access the DUT or other potentially hazardous areas.

 Provide training to all users of the system so they understand all

potential hazards and know how to protect themselves from
injury.

 In many systems, during power up, the outputs may be in an

unknown state until they are properly initialized. Make sure the
design can tolerate this situation w ithout causing operator injury
or hardware damage.

To keep users safe, always read and follow all safety w arnings
provided with each of the instruments in your system.

Install the instrument

You can use the 2281S on a bench or in a rack. Please see the
instructions that came with your rack-mount kit if you are installing
the 2281S in a rack.

To prevent damaging heat build-up and ensure specified
performance, make sure there is adequate ventilation and air flow
around the instrument to ensure proper cooling. Do not cover the
ventilation holes on the top, sides, or bottom of the instrument.

Make sure the instrument is positioned so that it is easy to reach any
disconnecting devices, such as the power cord and the power switch.

Power up the instrument

The 2281S operates at 100 V, 120 V, 220 V, or 240 V with a
frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Make sure that the AC line voltage
indicator in the center of the rear-panel power module matches the
AC line voltage in your facility. If it does not, refer to the
"Maintenance" section of the Model 2281 Reference Manual to change
the setting on the pow er entry module.

The power cord supplied with the 2281S contains a separate
protective earth (safety ground) wire for use with grounded outlets.
When proper connections are made, the instrument chassis is
connected to power-line ground through the ground wire in the
power cord. In addition, a redundant protective earth connection is
provided through a screw on the rear panel. This terminal should be
connected to a known protective earth. In the event of a failure, not
using a properly grounded protective earth and grounded outlet may
result in personal injury or death due to electric shock.
Do not replace detachable mains supply cords with inadequately
rated cords. Failure to use properly rated cords may result in
personal injury or death due to electric shock.

To connect line power:

1. Make sure the front panel power switch is in the off (0)

position.

2. Connect the socket of the supplied power cord to the power

module on the rear panel.

Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause
damage to the instrument, possibly voiding the warranty.

3. Connect the plug of the power cord to a grounded AC outlet.

4. Turn on the instrument by pressing the front panel POWER

switch to the on (|) position. The instrument powers up.

Connections for testing

Before making the connections, prepare the wires as described in the
following table.

Usage

Specifications

Front panel binding posts

AWG 20 to AWG 12

Rear panel output terminals

AWG 20 to AWG 12

The wire must be heavy enough not to overheat while carrying
the short-circuit output current of the unit. Please meet the
wiring requirements described above.

Two-wire connection

Two-w ire connections are used for basic operation when maximum
accuracy is not required. Keep the wire as short as possible to reduce
lead inductance and noise pickup. If you w ant to compensate for the
voltage drop in the load leads, use a four-wire sense connection.

When making two-wire connections with the 2281S , y ou must short
both Output Hi and Sense H i and Output Lo and Sense Lo with the
shorting jumpers. If you do not do this, the display will show incorrect
voltage output readings.

Two-wire (local sensi ng) DUT connection to front panel

Two-wire (local sensing) DUT connection to rear panel

After making the connections, slide the cable housing over the
output mating connector and wires.

Failure to install the cable housing may result in personal injury or
death due to electric shock.

Four-wire remote sense connection

Using four-wire remote sensing connections ensures that the
programmed voltage is applied to the load and compensates for the
voltage drop in the leads between the power supply and the load.

As shipped, the sense terminals are connected to the output terminals
by shorting jumpers. Before connecting the w ire, make sure the
shorting jumpers have been removed. When you connect the power
supply for remote sensing, the overprotection (OVP) circuit senses
the voltage at the sensing points (load) and not the output terminals.

Four-wir e (r emote sensing) DUT connection to r ear panel

After making the connections, slide the cable housing over the
output mating connector and wires.

Failure to install the cable housing may result in personal injury or
death due to electric shock.

Overview of the front-panel options

The front panel of the 2281S allows you to set up most instrument
functions and features and perform sourcing and measuring
operations. The front panel includes:

 A high-resolution color display that allows you to access

instrument settings and measurement readings

 Keys that select menu options and start measurement operations
 A navigation control that can be used to select screen options
 An output ON/OFF switch that turns the source output on or

off

 Front-panel binding posts for output connections

ENTER and EXIT keys

The ENTER key selects a highlighted option. In most cases, it
opens the menu or dialog box that allows you to change settings for
that option.

The EXIT key returns to the previous menu or closes a dialog box.
For example, if you are in the Menu screen, pressing EXIT returns
you to the Home screen.

TRIGGER key

The action of the TRIGGER key depends on the trigger method
that is selected:

 If manual triggering is selected, TRIGGER causes the instrument

to make a measurement.

 If the trigger model is in idle, TRIGGER initiates the trigger

model.

Front-panel user interface overview

The front-panel user interface gives you quick access to source
settings, measure settings, system configuration, instrument status,
reading buffer information, and other instrument functionality.

Startup screen

When you turn on the 2281S, you will see the following startup
screen.

As you can see from the figure, 2281S has three functions:

 High-precision power supply: Supplies 20 V, 6 A DC power
 Battery test: Conducts battery charging and discharging test to

calculate the capacity and resistance of the battery and create a
battery model

 Battery simulator: Simulates a battery to determine what effect

the battery has on the Device Under Test (DUT) in different
states

You can choose a function by turning the navigation control or
pressing the soft keys and pressing Enter to access the respective
home screens of the function.

Home screen overview

Home screen for power supply:

The above figure is the home screen 1 for the power supply function.
You can enter this screen by choosing the power supply function in
the startup screen. You can also visit other home screens by pressing
Next.

The top row on the Home screen displays the status and event
indicators. You can select these options to open dialog boxes that
provide additional information about the status or event.

The OUTPUT view area of the Home screen displays the value of
the present outputs and status indicators. The outputs show dashed
lines until the output is turned on.

The setting area of the Home screen is located in the lower left
corner of the OUTPUT view area. It shows the presently set measure
range, voltage, and current limit.

The soft-key area is located on the bottom of the Home screen. It
shows the present setting values. You can change these values by
pressing the buttons below the screen.

Home screen for battery test:

The above figure is the home screen 1 for the battery test function.
You can enter this screen by choosing the battery test function in the
startup screen. You can also visit other home screens by pressing
Next.

The top row on the Home screen displays the status and event
indicators. You can select these options to open dialog boxes that
provide additional information about the status or event.

The OUTPUT view area of the Home screen displays the values of
the battery under test.

The soft-key area is located on the bottom of the Home screen. It
shows the present setting values. You can change these values by
pressing the buttons below the screen.

Home screen for battery simulator:

The above figure is the home screen 1 for the battery simulation
function. You can enter this screen 1 by choosing the battery
simulation function in the startup screen. You can also visit other
home screens by pressing Next.

The top row on the Home screen displays the status and event
indicators. You can select these options to open dialog boxes that
provide additional information about the status or event.

The OUTPUT view area of the Home screen displays the values and
status of the battery simulator.

The soft-key area is located on the bottom of the Home screen. It
shows the present setting values. You can change these values by
pressing the buttons below the screen.

Menu screen overview

In any function, when you press the MENU key on the front panel,
the Menu screen is displayed. The following section uses the menu
for power supply as an example.

From this screen, you can select source, measure, graph, trigger, and
system setup menus. These menus allow you to choose options to set
up your instrument for your applications. Select a setup item by
either scrolling the navigation control or using the arrow keys to
highlight an icon. Then press ENTER.

An example of the options that are available when you select the
Settings option under Measure is shown below.

Simple voltage output and current
measurement

The following example demonstrates how to configure a voltage
output and perform a precision voltage and current measurement
using the default instrument configuration in the power supply
function.

Connect the DUT (for this example, a 1 k resistor) to the output
binding post on the front panel. For details, refer to Two-wire

connection. You can also use four-w ire connections to compensate

for voltage drops on the load leads.

1. Press the Home key. The Home screen is displayed.

2. Press the V-Set soft key. The editing window is displayed at the

bottom.

3. Set the voltage to 5 V. Enter 5 using the numerical keys on the

right of the front panel. You can also change the value using
either the arrows keys or navigation control.

4. Press the I-Limit soft key. The editing window is displayed at

the bottom.

5. Set the current limit to 1 A. Press ENTER.

When the output is turned on, changing the value with the
navigation control can source voltage and current instantly.
Make sure the output does not damage your device under test
(DUT).

6. Press the OUTPUT switch to turn the output on.

See the "General operation" section of the 2281S Reference Manual for
additional details and remote interface examples.

Select a measure function

The 2281S allows you to perform the follow ing measure functions in
the power supply function.

Measure functions

What the instrument measures

Concurrent (V + I)

Measure voltage and current at the same time

Voltage (V)

Only measure voltage

Current (I)

Only measure current

1. Press the Menu key.

2. Under Measure, select Setti ngs.

3. Select the button next to Functi on and press the ENTER key.

The selection window is displayed.

4. Select a measure function.

1. Press the Measure soft key. The selection window is displayed.

2. Select a measure function.

See the "General operation" section of the Reference Manual for
additional details and remote interface examples.

Specify a measurement range

You can set ranges for the measurement values in the pow er supply
function. You can set specific ranges or allow the instrument to
choose the ranges automatically.

The measurement range determines the full-scale input for the
measurement. The measurement range also affects the accuracy of
the measurements and the maximum signal that can be measured.

The 2281S has multiple current measurement ranges and one voltage
range. The ranges are listed in the following table.

1. Press the HOME key and select Range button. The Range

dialog box is displayed.

2. Use the up and down arrow soft keys to select the range. The

Home page is updated with the new range setting. Press
ENTER or EXIT to close the Range dialog box.

1. Press the MENU key.

2. Highlight the Settings icon under Measure using either the

navigation control or the softkeys. Press ENTER.

3. On the MEASURE SETTINGS page, select the button next to

Range. The Range dialog box is displayed.

4. Select the range. You are returned to the MEASURE

SETTINGS screen.

See the "General operation" section of the Reference Manual for
additional details and remote interface examples.

Application examples

Battery test

The following example demonstrates how to conduct a battery test
and generate a battery model with 2281S-20-6.

In this application, we will use the Model 2281S to charge a lithium­ion battery from empty to full, and measure battery capacity (amp­hour), battery resistance, charging curve (voltage/current), and finally
generate a battery model based on the test results.

For achieving a full-charge cycle, we need to use 2281S to discharge
the battery to an empty state first, then charge the battery from
empty to full state and measure voltage, current, resistance, and amp­hour. After the charging process is done, the Model 2281S generate a
battery model automatically based on the results.

Equipment required:

 One 2281S Battery Simulator
 Rechargeable batteries
 Wires

Model number

Current measurement
range

Voltage
measurement
range

2281S-20-6

10 A

20 V

1 A

100 mA

10 mA

The battery under test and the Model 2281S-20-6 can be connected
by two-w ire sense connections. However, four-wire sense
connections, as shown in the following figure, is recommended
because it cancels out the wire resistance.

After connecting the battery to the instrument, to test a battery and
generate a battery model using the front panel:

1. Select the battery test function in the startup screen.

2. Press the MENU key.

3. Under Source, select (dis)charge to conduct settings for
discharging the battery to the empty state first.

2281S always absorb current at its maximum capacity, which is
approximately 1 A. This sink current is not programmable. If the
maximum output current of the battery under test is less than 1
A, you should connect a resistor between the instrument and the
battery to prevent the battery from switching into protection
mode or being damaged.

4. Set the target voltage next to V-Set. For example, for a Li-Ion
battery that works in the range of 3.8 V to 4.2 V, you need to set
the target voltage slightly lower than 3.8 V to make sure the
battery will be discharged fully.

5. Set the end current next to End condition as 10 mA. When the
discharging current is lower than this value, 2281S will stop the
discharging and turn off OUTPUT.

6. Turn OUTPUT on in the front panel to discharge the battery.
Then wait until the discharging is over and 2281S turns off
OUTPUT.

7. Under Measure, select A-H. Starting from this step, 2281S will
charge the battery, measure its capacity, and generate a battery
model.

8. Set the target voltage next to V-Full . If the battery works in the
range of 3.8 V to 4.2 V, set this value slightly higher than 4.2 V.

9. Set the maximum charging limit next to Source I-Limit. This
value is set based on the battery specification. The current larger
than the maximum current of the battery may cause damage.

10. Set the end current to 10 mA next to End condition. When the

charging current is lower than this value, 2281S will stop the
charging and turn off OUTPUT.

11. Return to the battery test home screen by pressing HOME on
the front panel.

12. Select Measure AH in the soft key area 3.

13. Set the state to On. Charging starts w ith the measurement result

(voltage/current/Amp-Hour) displayed on the screen.

14. Select Model: Generate after entering the soft key Measure AH

when the charging is finished.

15. Set the Voc range for the battery model.

16. Assign a name to the battery model.

17. Select Yes to save the battery model. The Model 2281S-20-6 can

save up to 9 battery models.

You can view the charging process by selecting Graph or Data Sheet
in the soft key area 2 when the charging is in progress.

Battery simulation test

The following example demonstrates the procedure of simulating a
battery with Model 2281S-20-6.

This example shows how to use a Model 2281S to replace a real
battery to power your device and test the device in different battery
states more efficiently.

Equipment required:

 One 2281S battery simulator
 A cellphone supplied by a battery
 Wires

The device under test and 2281S-20-6 can be connected by a two­wire sense connection, as shown in the following figure. However,
four-wire sense connection is recommended because it can cancel out
the wire resistance.

1. Select the battery simulator function in the startup screen.

2. Select Model in the soft key area 1.

3. Choose 10.mdl, since it is the model of a cellphone Li-Ion

battery normally seen in the market with a voltage range of

3.7 V to 4.2 V.

4. Press the MENU key.

5. Under Battery, select Settings.

6. Set Method to Dynamic. The Voc and SOC of the

simulated battery will change according to the charging and
discharging states, just like a real battery.

7. Set Full V and Empty V as the range of the simulated

battery. Default Full V and Empty V are minimum and
maximum Voc values. When 2281S works in battery
simulator mode, the Voc value ranges within Full V and
Empty V.

8. Return to the battery simulator home screen by pressing

HOME on the front panel.

9. Select I-Li mit in the soft key area 2. The maximum

current from 2281S to the DUT cannot be set higher than

6.1 A.

10. Set SOC to 80% and Voc to 4.1234 V in the soft key area

1. The value of Voc must be within the Empty V and Full

V. The value of SOC changes according to the value of
Voc, and vice versa.

11. Set Capaci ty to 200 mAh in soft key area 2. This capacity

is set to accelerate the charging and discharging for better
efficiency of the test.

12. On the front panel, turn OUTPUT on to start the battery

simulation.

Next steps

For more information, refer to the Product Information CD-ROM,
which includes the 2281S Reference Manual. It provides detailed
information about all features of the instrument.

Also see the Keithley Instruments website, www.tek.com/keithley for
support and additional information about the instrument.

Copyright © 2016, Tektronix. All rights reserved.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign

patents, issued and pending. Information in this

publication supersedes that in all previously published

material. Specification and price change privileges

reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered

trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. All other trade names

referenced are the service marks, trademarks, or

registered trademarks of their respective companies.

Contact information:

For further information

Tektronix and Keithley maintain a comprehensive,

constantly expanding collection of application notes,

technical briefs, and other resources to help engineers

working on the cutting edge of technology. Please visit

www.tek.com/keithley.

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Luxembourg [phone]

Mexico, Central/South America, and Caribbean 52 (55) 56 04 50 90

Middle East, Asia, and North Africa [phone]

The Netherlands 00800 2255 4835

Norway 800 16098

People’s Republic of China 400 820 5835

Poland [phone]

Portugal 80 08 12370

Republic of Korea 001 800 8255 2835

Russia and CIS [phone]

South Africa [phone]

Spain 00800 2255 4835

Sweden 00800 2255 4835