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As the complexity of computer systems increases, so do the power dissipation requirements. Care
must be taken to ensure that the additional power is properly dissipated. Typical methods to improve
heat dissipation include selective use of ducting, and/or passive heatsinks.
The goals of this document are to:
•Outline the thermal and Mechanical operating limits and specifications for the Intel
6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub component.
•Describe a reference thermal solution that meets the specification of Intel
PCI Hub component.
Properly designed thermal solution provides adequate cooling to maintain the PXH component die
temperatures at or below thermal specifications. This is accomplished by providing a low localambient temperature, ensuring adequate local airflow, and minimizing the die to local-ambient
thermal resistance. By maintaining the PXH component die temperature at or below the specified
limits, a system designer can ensure the proper functionality, performance, and reliability of the
chipset. Operation outside the functional limits can degrade system performance and may cause
permanent changes in the operating characteristics of the component.
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6700PXH 64-bit
The simplest and most cost effective method to improve the inherent system cooling characteristics
is through careful chassis design and placement of fans, vents, and ducts. When additional cooling is
required, component thermal solutions may be implemented in conjunction with system thermal
solutions. The size of the fan or heatsink can be varied to balance size and space constraints with
acoustic noise.
This document addresses thermal design and specifications for the Intel
components only. For thermal design information on other chipset components, refer to the
respective component datasheet.
Unless otherwise specified, the term “PXH” refers to the Intel
1.1 Definition of Terms
BGA Ball grid array. A package type, defined by a resin-fiber substrate, onto which a die is
mounted, bonded and encapsulated in molding compound. The primary electrical
interface is an array of solder balls attached to the substrate opposite the die and molding
compound.
BLT Bond line thickness. Final settled thickness of the thermal interface material after
installation of heatsink.
MCH Memory controller hub. The chipset component that contains the processor interface, the
memory interface, and the hub interface.
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PXH Intel
6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub. The chipset component that performs PCI bridging
functions between the PCI Express* interface and the PCI Bus. It contains two PCI bus
interfaces that can be independently configured to operate in PCI (33 or 66 MHz) or
PCI-X mode 1 (66, 100, or 133 MHz), for either 32 or 64 bit PCI devices.
The Intel® 6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub component uses a 31 mm x 31 mm, 8-layer FC-BGA package
(see Figure 2-1Figure 2-1Figure 2-1, Figure 2-2Figure 2-2Figure 2-2, and Figure 2-3Figure
2-3Figure 2-3).
1.Primary datum -C- and seating plan are defined by the spherical crowns of the solder balls (shown before motherboard attach).
2.All dimensions and tolerances conform to ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3.BGA has a pre-SMT height of 0.5 mm and post-SMT height of 0.41-0.46 mm.
4.Shown before motherboard attach; FCBGA has a convex (dome shaped) orientation before reflow and is expected to have a slightly
concave (bowl shaped) orientation after reflow.
2. All dimensions and tolerances conform to ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
151617181920212223
A
31.000 + 0.100
24
B
R
A
2.1 Package Mechanical Requirements
The PXH package has an exposed bare die, which is capable of sustaining a maximum static normal
load of 15-lbf. The package is NOT capable of sustaining a dynamic or static compressive load
applied to any edge of the bare die. These mechanical load limits must not be exceeded during
heatsink installation, mechanical stress testing, standard shipping conditions and/or any other use
condition.
Notes
1. The heatsink attach solutions must not include continuous stress onto the chipset package with
the exception of a uniform load to maintain the heatsink-to-package thermal interface.
2. These specifications apply to uniform compressive loading in a direction perpendicular to the
bare die/IHS top surface.
3. These specifications are based on limited testing for design characterization. Loading limits
Analysis indicates that real applications are unlikely to cause the PXH component to consume
maximum power dissipation for sustained time periods. Therefore, in order to arrive at a more
realistic power level for thermal design purposes, Intel characterizes power consumption based on
known platform benchmark applications. The resulting power consumption is referred to as the
Thermal Design Power (TDP). TDP is the target power level that the thermal solutions should be
designed to. TDP is not the maximum power that the chipset can dissipate.
For TDP specifications, see Table 3-1 for the PXH component. Flip chip ball grid array (FC-BGA)
packages have poor heat transfer capability into the board and have minimal thermal capability
without a thermal solution. Intel recommends that system designers plan for a heatsink when using
the PXH component.
3.2 Die Case Temperature Specifications
To ensure proper operation and reliability of the PXH component, the die temperatures must be at or
between the maximum/minimum operating temperature ranges as specified in Table 3-1Table 31Table 3-1. System and/or component level thermal solutions are required to maintain these
temperature specifications. Refer to Chapter 5 for guidelines on accurately measuring package die
temperatures.
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Table 3-1. Intel
6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub Thermal Specifications
Parameter Value Notes
T
_max
case
T
5°C
case_min
TDP
Segment A @ 66 MHz and Segment B @ 66 MHz
TDP
Segment A @ 100 MHz and Segment B @ 100 MHz
TDP
Segment A @ 133 MHz and Segment B @ 133 MHz
TDP
Segment A @ 66 MHz and Segment B @ 100 MHz
TDP
Segment A @ 66 MHz and Segment B @ 133 MHz
TDP
Segment A @ 100 MHz and Segment B @ 133 MHz
9.0 watts
8.9 watts
8.6 watts
8.9 watts
8.8 watts
8.7 watts
105°C
Note: These specifications are based on silicon characterization, however, they may be updated as further
Intel provides thermal simulation models of the Intel® 6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub component and
associated user's guides to aid system designers in simulating, analyzing, and optimizing their
thermal solutions in an integrated, system-level environment. The models are for use with the
commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based thermal analysis tool
“FLOTHERM”* (version 3.1 or higher) by Flomerics, Inc. These models are also available in
IcePak* format. Contact your Intel field sales representative to order the Icepak thermal model and
user's guide.
The system designer must make temperature measurements to accurately determine the thermal
performance of the system. Intel has established guidelines for proper techniques to measure the
PXH die temperatures. Section 5.1 provides guidelines on how to accurately measure the PXH die
temperatures.
5.1 Die Case Temperature Measurements
To ensure functionality and reliability, the T
maximum/minimum operating range of the temperature specification as noted in Table 3-1Table 31Table 3-1. The surface temperature at the geometric center of the die corresponds to T
Measuring T
Temperature differences between the temperature of a surface and the surrounding local ambient air
can introduce errors in the measurements. The measurement errors could be due to a poor thermal
contact between the thermocouple junction and the surface of the package, heat loss by radiation
and/or convection, conduction through thermocouple leads, or contact between the thermocouple
cement and the heatsink base (if a heatsink is used). For maximum measurement accuracy, only the
0° thermocouple attach approach is recommended.
requires special care to ensure an accurate temperature measurement.
case
of the PXH must be maintained at or between the
case
5.1.1 Zero Degree Angle Attach Methodology
1. Mill a 3.3 mm (0.13 in.) diameter and 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) deep hole centered on the bottom of
the heatsink base.
2. Mill a 1.3 mm (0.05 in.) wide and 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) deep slot from the centered hole to one
edge of the heatsink. The slot should be parallel to the heatsink fins (see Figure 5-1Figure
5-1Figure 5-1).
3. Attach thermal interface material (TIM) to the bottom of the heatsink base.
4. Cut out portions of the TIM to make room for the thermocouple wire and bead. The cutouts
should match the slot and hole milled into the heatsink base.
5. Attach a 36 gauge or smaller calibrated K-type thermocouple bead or junction to the center of
the top surface of the die using a high thermal conductivity cement. During this step, ensure
no contact is present between the thermocouple cement and the heatsink base because any
contact will affect the thermocouple reading. It is critical that the thermocouple bead makes contact with the die (see Figure 5-2Figure 5-2Figure 5-2).
case
.
6. Attach heatsink assembly to the PXH and route thermocouple wires out through the milled
Intel has developed one reference thermal solution to meet the cooling needs of the PXH component
under operating environments and specifications defined in this document. This chapter describes
the overall requirements for the reference thermal solution including critical-to-function dimensions,
operating environment, and validation criteria. Other chipset components may or may not need
attached thermal solutions, depending on your specific system local-ambient operating conditions.
6.1 Operating Environment
The PXH reference thermal solution was designed assuming a maximum local-ambient temperature
of 55°C. The minimum recommended airflow velocity through the cross section of the heatsink fins
is 200 linear feet per minute (lfm). The approaching airflow temperature is assumed to be equal to
the local-ambient temperature. The thermal designer must carefully select the location to measure
airflow to obtain an accurate estimate. These local-ambient conditions are based on a 35°C externalambient temperature at sea level. (External-ambient refers to the environment external to the
system.)
6.2 Heatsink Performance
Figure 6-1Figure 6-1Figure 6-1 depicts the measured thermal performance of the reference thermal
solution versus approach air velocity. Since this data was measured at sea level, a correction factor
would be required to estimate thermal performance at other altitudes.
Figure 6-1. Reference Heatsink Measured Thermal Performance Versus Approach Velocity
While each design may have unique mechanical volume and height restrictions or implementation
requirements, the height, width, and depth constraints typically placed on the PXH thermal solution
are shown in Figure 6-2Figure 6-2Figure 6-2.
When using heatsinks that extend beyond the PXH reference heatsink envelope shown in
Figure 6-2Figure 6-2Figure 6-2, any motherboard components placed between the heatsink and
motherboard cannot exceed 2.40 mm (0.094 in.) in height.
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Figure 6-2. Torsional Clip Heatsink Volumetric Envelope for the Intel
Chipset Component
6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub
R
3.01mm.
1.86mm.
FCBGA +
Solder Balls
Die + TIM
Heatsink Fin
Heatsink Base
Motherboard
31.00mm.
Heatsink
Fin
3.00mm.
31.00mm.
6.4 Board-Level Components Keepout Dimensions
The locations of hole pattern and keepout zones for the reference thermal solution are shown in
Figure 6-3Figure 6-3Figure 6-3 and Figure 6-4Figure 6-4Figure 6-4.
The reference thermal solution for the PXH component is a passive extruded heatsink with thermal
interface. It is attached using a clip with each end hooked through an anchor soldered to the board.
Figure 6-5Figure 6-5Figure 6-5 shows the reference thermal solution assembly and associated
components. Figure 6-6Figure 6-6Figure 6-6 shows the position of the heatsink rails relative to the
PXH package top surface.
Full mechanical drawings of the thermal solution assembly and the heatsink clip are provided in
Appendix B. Appendix A contains vendor information for each thermal solution component.
Since this solution is based on a unidirectional heatsink, mean airflow direction must be aligned
with the direction of the heatsink fins.
Figure 6-5. Torsional Clip Heatsink Assembly
R
Figure 6-6 Heatsink Rails to PXH Package Footprint
6.5.2 Extruded Heatsink Profiles
The reference torsional clip heatsink uses an extruded heatsink for cooling the PXH component.
Figure 6-7Figure 6-7Figure 6-7 shows the heatsink profile. Appendix A lists a supplier for this
extruded heatsink. Other heatsinks with similar dimensions and increased thermal performance may
be available. Full mechanical drawing of this heatsink is provided in Appendix B.
6.5.3 Mechanical Interface Material
There is no mechanical interface material associated with this reference solution.
A thermal interface material provides improved conductivity between the die and heatsink. The
reference thermal solution uses Chomerics* T-710, 0.127 mm (0.005 in.) thick, 8 mm x 8 mm
square.
Note: Unflowed or “dry” Chomerics* T710 has a material thickness of 0.005 inch. The flowed or “wet”
Chromerics T710 has a material thickness of ~0.0025 inch after it reaches its phase change
temperature.
6.5.4.1 Effect of Pressure on TIM Performance
As mechanical pressure increases on the TIM, the thermal resistance of the TIM decreases. This
phenomenon is due to the decrease of the bond line thickness (BLT). BLT is the final settled
thickness of the thermal interface material after installation of heatsink. The effect of pressure on the
thermal resistance of the Chomerics T710 TIM is shown in Table 6-1Table 6-1Table 6-1. The
heatsink clip provides enough pressure for the TIM to achieve a thermal conductivity of 0.17°C
2
/W.
inch
Table 6-1. Chomerics* T710 TIM Performance as a Function of Attach Pressure
Pressure (psi) Thermal Resistance (°C × in2)/W
5 0.37
10 0.30
20 0.21
30 0.17
NOTE: All measured at 50°C.
6.5.5 Heatsink Clip
The reference solution uses a wire clip with hooked ends. The hooks attach to wire anchors to fasten
the clip to the board. See Appendix B for a mechanical drawing of the clip.
For Intel® 6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub-based platforms that have very limited board space, a clip
retention anchor has been developed to minimize the impact of clip retention on the board. It is
based on a standard three-pin jumper and is soldered to the board like any common through-hole
header. A new anchor design is available with 45° bent leads to increase the anchor attach reliability
over time. See Appendix A for the part number and supplier information.
6.6 Reliability Guidelines
Each motherboard, heatsink and attach combination may vary the mechanical loading of the
component. Based on the end user environment, the user should define the appropriate reliability
test criteria and carefully evaluate the completed assembly prior to use in high volume. Some
general recommendations are shown in Table 6-2Table 6-2Table 6-2.