Intel 460T User Manual
Intel® Express 460T
Standalone Switch
User Guide
Copyright © 2001, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Intel Corporation, 5200 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro OR 97124-6497
Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this manual. Nor does Intel make any commitment to update the
information contained herein.
Intel is a trademark or registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.
* Other brands and names may be claimed as the property of others.
Fifth Edition June 2001 746438-003
CONTENTS
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Contents
1: Setting Up the Intel® Express 460T
Standalone Switch
Overview ................................................................................... 1
Management .............................................................................. 1
Switch Features ......................................................................... 2
Module Features ........................................................................ 3
Port LEDs .................................................................................. 4
Status LEDs ............................................................................... 4
Crossover Button....................................................................... 5
Connection Guidelines .............................................................. 5
Installing a Module.................................................................... 6
Module A LEDs ........................................................................ 7
Configuring Modules ................................................................ 7
Media Requirements.................................................................. 8
Testing a Cable .......................................................................... 9
Straight-through vs. Crossover Cables ...................................... 10
2: Using the Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch
Overview ................................................................................... 11
What is a Switch? ...................................................................... 12
Sample Configurations .............................................................. 13
Flow Control ............................................................................. 14
Spanning Tree Protocol ............................................................. 14
Tagged Frames .......................................................................... 15
Priority....................................................................................... 15
Link Aggregation ...................................................................... 16
Virtual LANs (VLANs)............................................................. 17
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)........................... 21
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) ............................... 22
3: Using Intel® Device View
Overview ................................................................................... 23
Installing Intel Device View...................................................... 24
Starting Intel Device View ........................................................ 25
Installing a New Device ............................................................ 25
i
CONTENTS
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Using the Device Tree ............................................................... 26
Managing a Switch .................................................................... 29
Viewing RMON information .................................................... 30
4: Using the Web Device Manager
Accessing the Web Device Manager......................................... 32
Navigating the Web Device Manager ....................................... 33
Using Management Screens ...................................................... 34
Configuring the Switch’s IP Settings ........................................ 35
Configuring a Port ..................................................................... 36
Managing User Accounts .......................................................... 37
Configuring VLANs.................................................................. 39
Link Aggregation ...................................................................... 45
Static MAC Addresses .............................................................. 46
Configuring Community Strings and Trap Receivers ............... 47
Monitoring Switch Activity ...................................................... 48
Viewing/Changing Switch Information .................................... 49
Updating Switch Firmware ....................................................... 50
Saving Configuration Changes and Logging Out ..................... 52
5: Using Local Management
Overview ................................................................................... 53
Accessing Local Management................................................... 53
Logon Screen............................................................................. 54
Navigation ................................................................................. 55
Main Menu (Top Screen) .......................................................... 56
Configure Device ...................................................................... 57
Configure IP Address ................................................................ 58
Port Configuration..................................................................... 59
Module Port Settings ................................................................. 60
Switch Settings .......................................................................... 61
Configure Advanced Switch Settings........................................ 62
Configure Spanning Tree Protocol............................................ 63
Configure Spanning Tree for Ports ........................................... 65
Forwarding and Filtering........................................................... 66
Configure IGMP Snooping ....................................................... 67
ii
CONTENTS
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Configure Static MAC Addresses ............................................. 68
Configure Port Security............................................................. 69
Configure MAC Address Filtering............................................ 71
Configure Ethernet Multicast Filtering ..................................... 72
Ethernet Multicast Filtering (Ports)........................................... 73
Port Mirroring ........................................................................... 74
Link Aggregation ...................................................................... 75
Broadcast Storm Control ........................................................... 76
Configure Management Menu................................................... 77
Community Strings & Trap Receivers ...................................... 78
User Accounts ........................................................................... 79
Managing User Accounts .......................................................... 80
Update Firmware and Config Files ........................................... 82
Reset and Console Options........................................................ 83
Configure VLAN Operation Mode ........................................... 84
Port-based VLANs .................................................................... 85
Add a Port-based VLAN ........................................................... 86
Edit/Delete a Port-based VLAN................................................ 87
Change Port Membership in a VLAN ....................................... 88
MAC-Based VLANs ................................................................. 89
Add a MAC-Based VLAN ........................................................ 90
Edit/Delete a MAC-Based VLAN............................................. 91
Edit a MAC-based VLAN ......................................................... 92
To create a MAC-Based VLAN ................................................ 93
Configure 802.1Q VLANs ........................................................ 94
Add an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN (Configure Port Membership) .... 95
Add an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN (Configure Port Tagging)........... 96
Configure PVID for Untagged/Priority Traffic......................... 97
Configuring 802.1Q VLANs ..................................................... 98
Edit/Delete 802.1Q VLANs ...................................................... 100
Edit an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ..................................................... 101
Edit an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN (Configure Port Tagging) ........... 102
Configure VLAN ID for Untagged Traffic ............................... 103
GVRP and Ingress Filter Settings ............................................. 104
Monitor (Network Statistics)..................................................... 105
Switch Overview ....................................................................... 106
iii
CONTENTS
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Port Traffic Statistics................................................................. 107
Port Error Statistics ................................................................... 109
Packet Analysis ......................................................................... 111
IGMP Snooping Status.............................................................. 112
Browse Address Table............................................................... 113
VLAN and GVRP Status........................................................... 115
Tools.......................................................................................... 116
Switch Event Log ...................................................................... 117
Ping a Device............................................................................. 118
Upload Configuration Image File.............................................. 119
Appendix A: Technical Info
What is a configuration file? ..................................................... 121
Sample Configuration File ........................................................ 122
BOOT Menu.............................................................................. 124
List of Factory Defaults............................................................. 125
Troubleshooting/FAQs.............................................................. 126
Locating MIB files .................................................................... 127
Regulatory Information ............................................................. 128
Index 137
Intel Customer Support 143
iv
Setting Up the Intel
Express 460T
®
1
Standalone Switch
Overview
This guide provides information on configuring and managing the Intel
Express 460T Standalone Switch and is organized into these chapters:
• Chapter 1 - Information on the switch hardware and optional modules
• Chapter 2 - Information on using the switch in a LAN and advanced
features like link aggregation and virtual LANs (VLANs)
• Chapter 3 - How to use Intel Device View
• Chapter 4 - How to use Web Device Manager
• Chapter 5 - How to use Local Management
Management
Through the switch’s built-in management you can configure the device and
monitor network health. There are several methods for managing this
switch; you can use one method or any combination.
• SNMP management applications like Intel Device View, LANDesk
Network Manager, or Hewlett Packard OpenView* are tailored for Intel
products and show a graphical representation of the device (with the use
of the proper MIB).
®
®
• Onboard management allows control over the device without using an
SNMP application. The Web Device Manager pro vides a graphical
interface while Local Management is a menu-driven interface.
• Other SNMP-compliant applications can manage 460T switches if
you compile the switch’s MIB f iles into that application.
1
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Switch Features
The following diagrams show the major features of the 16-port and 24-port
versions of the 460T Standalone Switches.
16-port 460T Switch (Product Code ES460T16)
Module A
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status
MDI/MDI-X
button
LEDs
Module LEDs
PortPort
Status LED
24-port 460T Switch (Product Code ES460T24)
Module A
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
MDI/MDI-X
button
LEDs
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Module LEDs
PortPort
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status LED
Back of 16-port and 24-port 460T Switch
AC Input
100-240 VAC
50Hz-60Hz
1.5A max
AC Power
Plug
• Auto-negotiates speed, duplex, and flow control—10 Mbps or 100 Mbps
009027390008
MAC Address
address
Local Management
EIA 232
Console: 9600-8-N-1
Serial
Port
Module A
Module A slotMAC
per port.
• Half-duplex and full-duplex flow control.
• One expansion slot for the optional 100FX, 1000SX, 1000LX, or 1000T module.
• Configure port settings manually through management.
• Access menu-driven Local Management through the serial port or a Telnet session.
• Access the graphic, Web-based, Web Device Manager through a Web browser.
Status
2
CHAPTER 1
1000T Module for
Intel
®
Express
460T Switch
Port 1
Setting up the Switch
460T Switch Setup
Module Features
Both the 16-port and 24-port versions of the 460T Standalone Switches can
accept a module to provide additional functionality.
100Base-FX Fiber Module (Product Code ES460MFX)
Port 1
TX RX
Port 2
TX RX
100FX Module for
®
Express
Intel
460T Switch
Fiber Ports
• Connects to 100Base-FX devices (such as a switch or server) at full- or half-duplex.
• Extends network diameter up to 400 m (half-duplex) or 2000 m (full-duplex).
1000Base-SX Gigabit Module (Product Code ES460MSX)
1000Base-LX Gigabit Module (Product Code ES460MLX)
Port 1
TX RX
1000SX Module for
Intel® Express
460T Switch
Fiber Ports
Port 1
TX RX
1000LX Module for
Intel® Express
460T Switch
• Connects to 1000Base-SX or 1000Base-LX devices at full-duplex.
• SX module extends network diameter 260 m to 550 m (depending on type of fiber).
• LX module extends network diameter 550 m to 5000 m (depending on type of fiber).
1000Base-T Gigabit Module (Product Code ES460MT)
Ethernet Port
• Connects at 100 Mbps at full-duplex or half-duplex, or 1000 Mbps at full-duplex.
• Extends network diameter up to 100 m.
3
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Port LEDs
The LEDs above each port indicate port status, individual port speed, and
port activity.
5678
Left LED
Port Activity
(Green/Orange)
LED Status Meaning
Right LED
Port Speed
(Orange)
Left Solid green
1
Device linked.
Blinking green Receiving activity on that port.
Blinking orange A collision was detected on this segment.
Off No link detected.
Right Solid orange Device connected at 10 Mbps.
Off Device connected at 100 Mbps.
Status LEDs
The switch status LED is located above the port LEDs. This LED indicates
the condition of the switch.
Status
LED Status Meaning
Status Orange Switch is performing diagnostics.
Green Diagnostics have passed, the switch is ready.
2
Red
Diagnostics have failed.
_________________________________________________
1
If the left LED is solid green, but there is no activity when you try to ping a device
connected to that port, the port is probably disabled through management. Re-enable the
port and try again.
2
When the switch is first powered on, the Status LED is red for a couple of seconds before
the diagnostic mode starts, then it turns orange.
4
CHAPTER 1
o
Setting up the Switch
460T Switch Setup
Crossover Button
The 460T switch has a button that toggles port 1 from MDI-X to MDI. With
the button depressed (MDI) you can to connect to another switch or a hub
without using a crossover cable. For more information, see pages 9-10.
MDI
MDI-X
Intel® Express 460T Standal
MDI
1234
MDI-X
Connection Guidelines
General
• The 460T switch can auto-negotiate port speed and can operate at 10
Mbps or 100 Mbps per port. The switch matches the highest possible
speed of an attached device.
• The 460T switch can auto-negotiate port duplex and can operate at halfduplex or full-duplex.
Cabling
• Use Category 5 unshielded twisted-pair (CAT 5 UTP) cable when
connecting 100 Mbps devices to the switch.
• Use Category 3, 4, or 5 unshielded twisted-pair (CAT 3, 4, or 5 UTP)
cable when connecting 10 Mbps devices to the switch.
• Limit the cable length between devices to 100 meters (330 feet).
• Use a straight-through cable to connect the switch to a server or
workstation. For more information on cabling, see pages 9 and 10.
• To connect to another switch or hub use a crossover cable on any port,
or set port 1 to MDI and use a straight-through cable.
5
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Installing a Module
You can install optional modules only in the Module A slot located at the
back of the switch. Use the LEDs on the front of the switch to check the
module’s status.
To install the module in the switch
1 Unplug the power cord from the switch. Remove the panel from the
expansion slot labeled Module A.
2 Align the module with the card guides inside the switch and slide the
module into the slot. Press firmly to connect the module and secure it
with the retaining screws.
3 Plug in the power cord.
Module A slot
100FX Module
1000SX Module or
1000LX Module
6
1000T Module
CHAPTER 1
Setting up the Switch
460T Switch Setup
Module A LEDs
The LEDs are located on the front of the switch above ports 9-16. These
LEDs provide information about the 100FX, 1000SX, or 1000LX module
such as the module’s status, link, port activity, and collisions.
Module A
Status
8
9 1011121314151
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
LED Status Meaning
Status Solid green Module is present and functioning.
Off No module present.
Link\Act\Coll Solid green Device linked.
Blinking green Receiving activity on that port.
Blinking orange A collision was detected on this segment.
Off No link detected.
When you are using the 1000SX, 1000LX, or 1000T module, only the port 1
LED will blink and show activity because the module has only one port.
Configuring Modules
Generally, you do not need to make any changes to the optional modules
because they are designed to configure themselves automatically for the
attached device. However, you might need to configure the modules in order
to communicate with older devices. You can use the Local Management or
Web Device Manager to configure the 100FX, 1000SX, 1000LX, or 1000T
modules. See Chapter 4 for more information about the Web Device
Manager, and Chapter 5 for more information about Local Management.
7
CHAPTER 1
NOTE:
100 meters = 330 feet
200 meters = 660 feet
500 meters = 1,650 feet
2 km = 2000 meters = 6,600 feet
5 km = 5000 meters = 16,500 feet
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Media Requirements
Incorrect cabling is often the cause of network performance problems. The
next two pages provide information about how to make sure your cabling is
correct.
100Base-TX
The 100Base-TX Fast Ethernet specification requires that you use CAT 5
UTP cabling to operate at 100 Mbps. If you use lower-grade cabling (CAT 3
or CAT 4), you may get a connection, but also experience data loss or slow
performance. The limit is 100 meters between any two devices.
10Base-T
The 10Base-T Ethernet specification lets you use CAT 3, CAT 4, or
CAT 5 UTP cabling. The limit is 100 meters between any two devices.
100Base-FX
The optional Fiber Module lets you connect to a switch at distances up to
400 meters (hubs up to 160 m) at half-duplex or 2 km at full-duplex. Use
62.5/125 µm multimode fiber optic cable with an SC-type fiber optic
connector.
1000Base-T
The 1000Base-T Gigabit specification requires that you use CAT 5 UTP
cabling to operate at 1000 Mbps. If you use a lower grade cabling you will
experience either no connection or extreme data loss. The maximum
distance between any two devices is 100 meters.
1000Base-SX/1000Base-LX
The optional 1000Base-SX and 1000Base-LX Gigabit Modules provide a
high-speed connection to another device at distances up to 5 km. The
maximum distance depends on the type of cable used. Refer to the following
table for a list of cable types and maximum distances. Use cables with an
SC-type fiber optic connector.
8
CHAPTER 1
Setting up the Switch
460T Switch Setup
Selecting the right cable
Media Type Cabling Used Maximum distance
100Base-FX Module 62.5/125
(full-duplex)
100Base-FX Module 62.5/125
(half-duplex) router, switch, or PC)
1000Base-T\100Base-TX Category 5 (CAT 5) unshielded 100 m
(Gigabit) Module twisted pair cable
1000Base-SX 50/125 µm multimode 550 m
(Gigabit) Module 62.5/125 µm multimode 260 m
1000Base-LX 50/125 µm multimode 550 m
(Gigabit) Module 62.5/125 µm multimode 550 m
9/125 µm singlemode 5,000 m
µm multimode 2,000 m
µm multimode (160 m to hub, 400 m to
Testing a Cable
When using a 100Base-TX module, you can quickly check the cable’s link
integrity by plugging one end into port 1 and the other end into port 2. Make
sure the crossover (MDI/MDI-X) button is out. Check the Activity LEDs for
ports 1 and 2. If the LEDs are on, you have a functioning crossover cable.
If the LEDs are off, push the MDI/MDI-X button in. If the Activity LEDs
for ports 1 and 2 turn on, you have a functioning straight-through cable.
However, if the LEDs remain off, you probably have a bad cable.
If a cable passes these tests, but the network connection is slow, verify that
wires 1, 2 and 3, 6 on the cable are twisted pairs, as shown in the following
diagrams.
9
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Straight-through vs. Crossover Cables
Switch ports are wired for MDI-X. Use a straight-through cable to connect
to a workstation or server (network adapter cards are wired MDI). To
connect to another MDI-X port, use a crossover cable. Following are the pin
arrangements for the switch’s Ethernet port and the typical RJ-45 connector.
8
1
RJ-45
Connector
Pin 8
Ethernet
Port
Pin 1
Clip
Straight-through UTP cable (for 100Base-TX)
Switch (MDI-X) Adapter (MDI)
1 (RX+) 1 (TX+)
2 (RX-) 2 (TX-)
3 (TX+) 3 (RX+)
6 (TX-) 6 (RX-)
4 Not used 4 Not used
5 Not used 5 Not used
7 Not used 7 Not used
8 Not used 8 Not used
Crossover UTP cable (for 100Base-TX)
Switch (MDI-X) Hub (MDI-X)
10/100
10
1 (RX+) 1 (RX+)
2 (RX-) 2 (RX-)
3 (TX+) 3 (TX+)
6 (TX-) 6 (TX-)
4 Not used 4 Not used
5 Not used 5 Not used
7 Not used 7 Not used
8 Not used 8 Not used
Using the Intel
Express 460T
®
2
Standalone Switch
Overview
This section provides an overview for using the Express 460T standalone
switch within a network. The chapter covers the basic differences between a
switch and hub, basic switching features like flow control and Spanning
Tree, and a discussion of more advanced features such as link aggregation
and the types of VLANs available on the switch.
If you are already familiar with switching technology you can skip ahead to a
particular section within the chapter. The following list shows where you can
find a particular topic.
• Sample Configurations page 13
• Flow Control page 14
• Spanning T r ee Protocol page 14
• Tagged Frames page 15
• Priority page 15
• Link Aggregation page 16
• VLANs page 17
• GVRP page 21
• IGMP Snooping page 22
11
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
What is a Switch?
A switch segments traffic, providing each port its own collision domain. This
is different from a hub where all ports belong to the same collision domain.
Segments and Hubs
Hubs combine multiple wires so all attached devices behave like they are on
the same wire. Because the devices share the same segment, data sent by
one device is retransmitted to all devices on the same hub. This is equivalent
to having all devices connected in a bus topology as illustrated below.
Client A sends
signal to Client B
Signal sent to all ports
Client B
receives signal
Client A Client B
The disadvantage is all devices must share the total available bandwidth.
The more devices that are attached to the hub the less bandwidth for each
user. Also, network performance suffers because all devices receive traffic
and collisions from other users as the hub retransmits data across all ports.
Switches
Switches send traffic only to specific ports, rather than transmitting data
across all ports. This means that each device attached to the switch receives
fewer collisions and the entire bandwidth is available to the device.
MAC Address Port
006011FB34DB 2
00A027D36FAA 8
The signal is not
Client A sends
signal to Client B
The switch maintains a table that associates a device’s MAC address to a
port on the switch. When Client A communicates with Client B, the switch
checks the table to determine which port Client B is attached to and then
forwards the traffic to that port. If a device sends traffic to an address that is
not in the table (or sends broadcast or multicast traffic) the switch sends the
traffic out to all ports on the switch. When the switch receives a response it
updates the table with the new address.
sent to all ports
Client B
receives signal
12
CHAPTER 2
Using the Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch
Sample Configurations
The following examples illustrate how the 460T switch can be used in a
network.
Desktop PC Bandwidth
In this example, desktop PC users are connected directly to the 460T switch.
Power users are connected at 100 Mbps while regular users can be
connected at 10 Mbps. Aggregated links provide additional bandwidth to
the servers.
10 Mbps
100 Mbps
Aggregated
link provides
bandwidth to
server
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Module A
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Power users
connected at
100Mbps
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status
10Mbps
devices
Using the 460T
Small Office Backbone
In this example, the 460T switch serves as the backbone for a small network.
The switch can provide high-bandwidth support to the clients (servers and
power users) that require it while providing connections for 10 Mbps
devices. Use the optional modules available for the 460T to extend the reach
of the network beyond 100 meters (330 feet). For example, to connect
different buildings or remote campuses to an Intel® Express 550T Switch
located at a central office.
Two switches connected using 1000SX modules. The
maximum distance is 550m using multimode fiber.
Express 460T Standalone Switch
Module A
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
10
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Intel® Express 330T Stackable Hub
MDI /
MDI-X
Intel® Express 330T Stackable Hub
MDI /
MDI-X
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status
Module A Module B
Module A Module B
Collisions
Collisions
Express 550T Switch
1000LX Module for 500 Series Switches
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
1000Base-LX
TX RX
12345678
Slot BSlot A
Stack Interface Module
10Mbps
100Mbps
LEDs Green Orange
Off
10 Mbps
Half duplex
Intel Express
Solid
100 Mbps
Full duplex
550T Routing
Port Status
Switch
Power
Status
LEDs Green Orange
Temperature
Solid
Link
Disabled
Reset
Blink
Activity
Collision
RPS
Console
9600-8-N-1
13
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Flow Control
When network traffic is heavy, the switch’s port buffers fill up faster than
the switch can send the information. In cases like this, the switch tells the
transmitting device to wait until the information in the buffer can be sent.
This traffic control mechanism is called flow control.
The method of flow control depends on whether the port is set to full-duplex
or half-duplex. If a port operates at half-duplex, the switch sends a collision
(also called backpressure) which causes the transmitting device to wait. If
the port operates at full-duplex, the switch sends out an IEEE 802.3x PAUSE
frame. You can enable or disable flow control for each port on the 460T
switch.
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree is a protocol that prevents loops within the network
topology. A loop can occur if there is more than one path for information to
travel between devices. The Spanning Tree Protocol works by determining
the “cost” of a connection. For example, if two devices are connected by two
links, Spanning Tree uses the connection with the lowest cost and blocks
the second connection.
14
Spanning Tree prevents loops by allowing only one active path between any
two network devices at a time. However, you can also use this behavior to
establish redundant links between devices that can take over if the primary
link fails.
Switch B
Backup Path from Client A to Server B:
Switch A –> Switch B –> Switch C
Switch A
Primary Path from Client A to Server B: Switch A –> Switch C
Path: 3
Cost: 100
Path: 1
Cost: 100
Path: 2
Cost: 200
Switch C
Server BPC Client A
In this example, Client A can communicate with Server B over two different
paths. The primary path is Path 1 because the cost of the connection
between switches A and C is lower than the cost between switches A, B and
C. If the primary path fails, then traffic is automatically sent over the backup
path.
CHAPTER 2
Using the Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch
Tagged Frames
The 802.1D (1998 Edition) and 802.1Q specifications published by the IEEE
(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) extended Ethernet
functionality to add tag information to Ethernet frames and propagate these
tagged frames between bridges (for example, a switch). The tag can carry
priority information, VLAN information, or both and enables bridges to
intelligently direct traffic across the network.
Using the 460T
Priority
The IEEE 802.1D (1998 Edition) specification incorporates IEEE 802.1p and
defines information in the frame tag to indicate a priority level. When these
tagged packets are sent out on the network, the higher priority packets are
transferred first. Priority packet tagging (also known as Traffic Class
Expediting) is usually set on the LAN adapter in a PC and works with other
elements of the network (switches, routers) to deliver priority packets first.
The priority level can range from 0 (low) to 7 (high).
The 460T switch can read the priority tags and forward traffic on a per port
basis. The switch uses two priority queues per port and routes traffic to a
queue depending on the packet’s tag. For example, when a packet comes
into the switch with a high-priority tag, the switch routes the packet to its
high-priority queue.
Although there are eight priority levels, the 460T switch can only route a
packet into one of the two queues. The switch maps levels 0-3 to the low
queue (which is the default) and levels 4-7 to the high queue. If a packet is
untagged, the switch determines the best way to send the packet.
15
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Link Aggregation
You can use link aggregation (sometimes known as port trunking) to
combine from 2 to 8 (adjacent) ports so that they function as a single highspeed link. For example, link aggregation is useful when making connections
between switches or to connect servers to the switch.
You can also use link aggregation to increase the bandwidth to some
devices. Link aggregation can also provide a redundant link for fault
tolerance. If one link in the aggregation fails, the switch balances the traffic
among the remaining links.
2 ports aggregated x 100Mbps = 200Mbps link
4 ports aggregated x 100Mbps = 400Mbps link
16
To aggregate ports, you must link an “anchor” port to an adjacent port. The
460T Switch supports up to four link aggregation groups (anchor ports 1, 9,
17) for a 24-port switch and up to three link aggregation groups (anchor
ports 1, 9) on a 16-port switch. This includes one link aggregation group for
the two 100FX module ports.
Guidelines
When setting up link aggregation, remember these guidelines:
• The switch treats aggregated links as a single port. This includes
Spanning Tree and VLANs.
• All ports share the same settings as the anchor port. You can change
anchor port settings, but you cannot configure other ports in the link.
• When a port is configured as a member of an aggregated link, it
immediately adopts the characteristics of the anchor port. When a port
is no longer a member of an aggregated link, the characteristics are
reset to the default settings (autonegotiate speed/duplex, flow control
enabled).
• If a port is part of an aggregated link, it cannot be configured as the
target port for a port mirror. However, a port in an aggregated link can
serve as the source port for a port mirror.
CHAPTER 2
Using the Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch
Virtual LANs (VLANs)
A Virtual LAN is a logical network grouping you can use to isolate network
traffic so members of the VLAN receive traffic only from other members.
Creating a VLAN is the equivalent of physically moving a group of devices
to a separate switch (creating a Layer 2 broadcast domain). The advantage
of a VLAN is that you can reduce broadcast traffic for the entire switch, and
increase security, without changing the wiring of your network.
The 460T switch supports three types of VLANs: port-based, MAC-based,
and tag-based. See Chapter 5 for more information about creating and
configuring VLANs.
Port-Based VLANs
This is the simplest and most common form of VLAN. In a port-based
VLAN, the system administrator assigns the switch’s ports to a specific
VLAN. For example, the system administrator can designate ports 2, 4, 6,
and 9 as part of the engineering VLAN and ports 17, 19, 21, and 23 as part
of the marketing VLAN. The advantage of port-based VLANs is that they
are easy to configure and, because all changes occur at the switch, they are
transparent to the users. The 460T supports up to 12 port-based VLANs. A
port can belong to only one VLAN at a time.
Module A
These devices
are members
of VLAN 1
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status
These devices
are members
of VLAN 2
Using the 460T
VLAN 1:
Engineering
VLAN 2:
Marketing
If a user relocates, the system administrator reassigns the port to the new
VLAN. Another advantage is if a hub is connected to a port that is part of a
VLAN, all devices connected to the hub are also part of the VLAN. The
disadvantage is that there is no way to exclude an individual device on that
hub from becoming part of the VLAN.
17
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
MAC-Based VLANs
Membership in this type of VLAN is based on assigning the MAC address
of a device to a VLAN. The advantage to this type of VLAN is that even if
users relocate, they remain on the same VLAN as long as they stay
connected to the same switch. The 460T switch supports up to 12 MACbased VLANs.
The disadvantage is that the initial configuration and subsequent
administration of a MAC-based VLAN can be challenging because the
system administrator needs to maintain lists of MAC addresses and enter
those addresses into the switch. Another disadvantage is that MAC-based
VLANs cannot span switches.
18
MAC-based VLANs, as designed on the 460T Switch, are intended to limit
broadcast and multicast traffic over the network. The switch relies on limiting
broadcast traffic to constrain network visibility of network applications
(such as TCP/IP) that rely on broadcasts (such as ARP) for station
discovery.
The 460T MAC-based VLANs are not intended to be a secure solution. For
secure VLANs use either port-based or IEEE 802.1Q-based VLANs.
CHAPTER 2
Using the Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch
IEEE 802.1Q (Tag-Based) VLANs
The third type of VLAN supported by the 460T switch is based on the IEEE
802.1Q specification. The specification provides a uniform way to create
VLANs within a network and enables you to create a VLAN that can also
span across the network. Previously, VLAN implementation was vendorspecific so it was not possible to create a VLAN across devices from
different vendors.
The 802.1Q VLAN works by using a tag added to the Ethernet frames. The
tag contains a VLAN Identifier (VID) that identifies the frame as belonging
to a specific VLAN. These tags allow switches that support the 802.1Q
specification to segregate traffic between devices and communicate a
device’s VLAN association across switches.
There are multiple advantages to implementing 802.1Q VLANs. First, it
improves performance by helping to contain broadcast and multicast traffic
across the switch. Second, ports can belong to more than one VLAN. Third,
VLANs can span multiple switches that support the 802.1Q specification.
Finally, it provides security and improves performance by logically isolating
users and grouping them together. The 460T switch supports up to 256 tagbased VLANs.
Module A
VLAN 1:
Engineering
VLAN 1 computers
can't see VLAN 2
computers
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Status
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
VLAN 2:
Manufacturing
Server and printer
are members of both
VLANs
Using the 460T
A logical grouping can be mapped to a work group. For example, you can
create a VLAN that groups all the users from the engineering department
into one VLAN. This logical grouping improves performance by cutting
down traffic that belongs to a different logical group (for example,
marketing), improves security (engineering can’t see marketing), and eases
moves because the user doesn’t have to be physically located in the same
group to participate in the VLAN.
19
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
On the 460T switch, overlapping VLANs can be supported by using 802.1Qcapable devices. However, for non-802.1Q-capable devices, overlapping
VLANs can be supported by implementing an asymmetric VLAN on the
switch. An asymmetric VLAN is a type of 802.1Q configuration where
endstations send traffic on one VLAN and receive traffic on another VLAN.
The 460T switch supports asymmetric VLANs.
For more information about asymmetric VLANs, see http://support.intel.com
/support or see IEEE 802.1Q Specification Annex B.1.3.
Spanning Tree and VLANs
The 460T supports the Spanning Tree Protocol across the entire switch, not
per VLAN. If a loop occurs in a VLAN the port is disabled and all VLAN
traffic over that port is blocked.
The following diagram shows an example. Both Switch 1 and Switch 2 have
two port-based VLANs configured. Crossover cables connect the
ENG_VLAN on Switch 1 to ENG_VLAN on and Switch 2. Crossover cables
also connect the MRKT_VLAN on Switch 1 to the MRKT_VLAN on Switch
2. When Spanning Tree is enabled, the redundant link between the
MRKT_VLANs is blocked and those VLANs can no longer communicate.
20
When the switch is running 802.1Q VLANs, Spanning Tree is required for
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) to work properly.
Module A
Switch 1
Switch 2
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
crossover
connecting ENG_VLANs
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
ENG_VLAN
ports 1-8
Module A
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
ENG_VLAN
ports 1-8
Status
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
MKT_VLAN
ports 17-24
Spanning Tree disables
the redundant crossover
breaking the connection
between the MKT_VLANs.
Status
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
MKT_VLAN
ports 17-24
CHAPTER 2
Using the Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)
Because IEEE 802.1Q VLANs can span networks, managing changes to the
VLAN poses a challenge for network administrators. The GARP VLAN
Registration Protocol (GVRP) provides a dynamic mechanism for switches to
share topology information and manage changes with other switches. The
network administrator does not have to manually propagate VLAN
configuration information across switches.
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) is defined by the IEEE
802.1D (1998 Edition) specification and is the mechanism used by switches
and end nodes to propagate VLAN configurations across the network
domain. GVRP uses GARP as a foundation to propagate VLAN
configurations to other switches. Devices that support GVRP transmit their
updates to a known multicast address that all GVRP-capable devices
monitor for information updates.
Sending GVRP messages between switches accomplishes the following
tasks:
• Dynamically adds or removes a port from participating in a VLAN.
• Sends updates about the switch’s own VLAN configuration to
neighboring GVRP-capable devices.
• Integrates dynamic and static VLAN configurations within the same
switch. Static VLAN configurations are created by the user on the
switch for devices that don’t support GVRP.
Note: dynamically created VLANs are not saved in the switch’s memory.
When the device sending out the GVRP updates is disabled or rebooted, the
dynamic VLAN is removed.
Using the 460T
21
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP)
Generally, the switch broadcasts multicast traffic to all ports. For multicast
traffic based on the TCP/IP using the IGMP protocol, the switch can
optimize the broadcasting of multicast traffic by forwarding multicast traffic
only to ports that require it.
IGMP Snooping is a feature that allows the switch to forward multicast
traffic intelligently. The switch “snoops” the IGMP query and report
messages and forwards traffic only to the ports that request the multicast
traffic. This prevents the switch from broadcasting the traffic to all ports
and possibly affecting network performance.
IGMP requires a router that detects multicast groups on its subnets and
keeps track of group membership. Note that multicasting is not connection
oriented, so data is delivered to the requesting hosts on a best-effort level
of service.
22
Using Intel® Device
3
View
Overview
You can use Intel® Device View to manage Intel Express 460T Standalone
Switches and other supported Intel networking devices on your network.
Intel Device View provides these features:
• The ability to configure new network devices
• A graphical device manager for Intel switches, hubs, and routers
• Autodiscovery, which finds supported Intel devices on the network
• The Device Tree, which shows all the supported devices detected
on your network
• Remote Network Monitoring (RMON)
• Web or Windows* platform
• Plug-in to Hewlett Packard OpenView*, IBM Tivoli NetView*, and
Intel LANDesk® Network Manager
• Other useful tools such as a TFTP server
23
CHAPTER 3
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Installing Intel Device View
Before you install Intel Device View, make sure your PC meets the system
requirements in the Intel Device View User Guide, which is included on the
Intel Device View CD-ROM.
To install Intel Device View
1 Insert the Intel Device View CD-ROM in your computer’s CD-ROM
drive. The Intel Device View installation screen appears. If it doesn’t
appear, run autoplay.exe from the CD-ROM.
24
2 Choose the version of Intel Device View you want to install.
• Click Install for Windows to install Intel Device View for use on
this PC only.
• Click Install for Web to install Intel Device View on a Web
server. Access the Device View server from any PC on your
network with Microsoft Internet Explorer* 4.0x or later.
• Click Install as Plug-in to install Intel network device support for
Hewlett Packard OpenView, IBM Tivoli NetView, or Intel LANDesk
Network Manager. This option is available when you have
OpenView, Net View, or LANDesk Network Manager installed on
the PC.
3 Follow the on-screen instructions in the installation program.
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