Garmin GNS 430W, GPS 400W Pilot’s Guide & Reference

400W Series

Pilot’s Guide
& Reference

Foreword

Foreword

Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]

Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Rd., S.E., Salem, Oregon 97302, U.S.A.
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]

Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Liberty House, Bulls Copse Road, Hounsdown Business Park, Southhampton, SO40 9RB, U.K.
Tel. [phone] Fax [phone]

Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

This manual reflects the operation of Main System Software versions, 2.00, 3.00, or later. Some differences in opera­tion may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions.

© 2008 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this
manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium,
for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to down­load a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage
medium to be viewed for personal use, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision
must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial
distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve
their products and to make changes in the content of this material without obligation to notify any person or
organization of such changes or improvements.

January 2009 190-00356-00 Rev. D

Cautions

Introduction

CAUTION: The Global Positioning System is operated

by the United States government, which is solely re­sponsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system
is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy
and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the
Garmin 400W-series are precision electronic NAViga­tion AIDs (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or
misinterpreted and therefore become unsafe.

CAUTION: Use the
reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review
and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and
the Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice
basic operation prior to actual use. When in actual use,
carefully compare indications from the
all available navigation sources, including the informa­tion from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For
safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continu­ing navigation.

WARNING: The altitude calculated by the 400W-series
is geometric height above mean sea level and could
vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure
altimeters in aircraft.

WARNING: The Jeppesen database incorporated in
the 400W-series must be updated regularly in order
to ensure that its information is current. Updates are
released every 28 days. A database information packet
is included in your 400W-series package. Pilots using
an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own
risk!

CAUTION: GPS receivers operate by receiving and
decoding very low power radio signals broadcast by
satellites. It is possible that in some situations other
radio equipment or electronic equipment used in close
proximity to a GPS receiver may create electromagnetic
interference (EMI) which may affect the ability of the
GPS receiver to receive and decode the satellite signals.
In such event, the interference may be reduced or
eliminated by switching off the source of interference
or moving the GPS receiver away from it.

WARNING: VNAV is to be used for advisory purposes
only. VNAV messages or vertical speed required should
not be used to maintain terrain or ATC clearances. Ter­rain and ATC clearances are the sole responsibility of
the pilot.

400W-series

at your own risk. To

400W-series

to

INTRODUCTION

Cautions

CAUTION: The electronic chart is an aid to naviga­tion and is designed to facilitate the use of authorized
government charts, not replace them. Land and water
data is provided only as a general reference to your
surroundings. The positional accuracy of the land and
water data is not of a precision suitable for use in
navigation and it should not be used for navigation.
Only official government charts and notices contain
all information needed for safe navigation – and, as
always, the user is responsible for their prudent use.

CAUTION: The Terrain feature is for supplemental
awareness only. The pilot/crew is responsible for all
terrain and obstacle avoidance using information not
provided by the 400W-series Terrain feature.

CAUTION: The Garmin 400W-series does not contain
any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only
be made by an authorized Garmin service center.
Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your
warranty and authority to operate this device under
FCC Part 15 regulations.

NOTE: The GNS 400W-series units use a different
database than in the legacy units. The databases are in­compatible between units. The GNS 400W-series units
must use a WAAS enabled database.

NOTE: This product, its packaging, and its components
contain chemicals known to the State of California to
cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm. This
notice is being provided in accordance with California’s
Proposition 65. If you have any questions or would like
additional information, please refer to our website at
www.garmin.com/prop65.

NOTE: It is the pilot’s responsibility for initial missed
approach guidance in accordance with published pro­cedure. The unit may not provide correct guidance until
established on a defined leg.

NOTE: GPS level of service annunciations (LPV, ENR,
etc. as shown on page 83) are not applicable to the
external CDI (or HSI) when VLOC is active.

190-00356-00 Rev D

i

INTRODUCTION

Cautions

NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for

Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and

used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful

interference to radio communications. Furthermore, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular

installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference, the user is

encouraged to try to correct the interference by relocating the

equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit
than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or

other qualified avionics technician for additional help if these

remedies do not correct the problem.

Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)

this device must accept any interference received, including

interference that may cause undesired operation.

Garmin is fully committed to your

satisfaction as a customer. If you

have any questions regarding the

400W-series, please contact our

customer service department at:

To obtain accessories for your 400W-series, please contact

Help us better support you by completing our on-line registra­tion form today! Registration ensures that you will be notified
of product updates and new products and provides lost or sto-

len unit tracking. Please, have the serial number of your unit

handy, connect to our web site (www.garmin.com) and look for

The 400W-series display lenses are coated with a special anti-

reflective coating which is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes
and abrasive cleaners. It is very important to clean the lens
using an eyeglass lens cleaner which is specified as safe for

your Garmin dealer.

our Product Registration link on the home page.

anti-reflective coatings and a clean, lint-free cloth.

Garmin International, Inc.

1200 East 151st Street

Olathe, KS 66062-3426 U.S.A.

Phone: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

ii

190-00356-00 Rev D

INTRODUCTION

Accessories and Packing List

Accessories and Packing List

Congratulations on choosing the world’s finest
panel-mounted IFR navigation/communication system!
The 400W-series represents Garmin’s continued com­mitment to providing you with the most advanced
technology available today — in an accurate, easy-to­use design suitable for all of your flying needs.

Unless otherwise specified within this manual,
the term "
GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, and GNS
430AW models. Please note that the difference
between these models is indicated in the Specifi­cations section of this manual (see Appendix B).

400W-series

" applies to the GPS 400W,

Before installing and getting started with your new
system, please ensure that your package includes the
following items. If any parts are missing or are dam­aged, please contact your Garmin dealer.

Standard Package:

• Garmin400W-seriesUnit

• NavData® Card

• TerrainCard

• GPSAntenna

• InstallationRack&Connectors

• Pilot’sGuide

and configuration of your new 400W-series unit. After
installation, the NavData
into the correct slot on the front of the unit (see
Appendix A). The 400W-series will be secured in the
installation rack with the proper wiring connections.
Have your dealer answer any questions you may have
about the installation — such as location of antennas
or any connections to other equipment in the panel.

• QuickReference

• 400W/500WSeriesDisplayInterfaces

Addendum

• 400W/500WSeriesGarminOptionalDisplay
Interfaces Addendum

• GNS400W/500W-series Simulator Training
CD-ROM

• Database Subscription Packet

• WarrantyRegistrationCard

Upgrade Package:

• Garmin400W-seriesUnit

• NavData

®

Card

• TerrainCard(optional)

• GPSAntenna

• Pilot’sGuide&Reference

• QuickReference

• 400W/500WSeriesDisplayInterfaces

Addendum

• 400W/500WSeriesGarminOptionalDisplay
Interfaces Addendum

• GNS400W/500W-series Simulator Training
CD-ROM

• DatabaseSubscriptionPacket

• WarrantyRegistrationCard

Your Garmin dealer will perform the installation

®

card will already be installed

190-00356-00 Rev D

iii

INTRODUCTION

Warranty

Limited Warranty

This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the
date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in
normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided
that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to
abuse, misuse, accident, or unauthorized alterations or repairs.

THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL
OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER
ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO
STATE.

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSE-

QUENTIALDAMAGES,WHETHERRESULTINGFROMTHEUSE,MISUSE,ORINABILITYTOUSETHIS

PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not allow the exclusion of incidental or
consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.

Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software, or to offer a full refund of the pur­chase price, at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY
BREACH OF WARRANTY.

To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance in locating
a Service Center near you, visit the Garmin Web site at “http://www.garmin.com” or contact Garmin Customer
Service at 800-800-1020.

iv

190-00356-00 Rev D

INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents

Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................i

Cautions ..............................................................................................i

Accessories and Packing List .......................................................... iii

Limited Warranty .............................................................................iv

Model Descriptions ..........................................................................1

GPS 400W ................................................................................1

GNC 420W/420AW ..................................................................1

GNS 430W/430AW ...................................................................1

Takeoff Tour ................................................................................................1

Key and Knob Functions ..................................................................2

Left-hand Keys and Knobs .........................................................2

Right-hand Keys and Knobs.......................................................3

Bottom Row Keys ......................................................................4

Power On ...........................................................................................5

Powering up the 400W-Series Unit.................................................5

Instrument Panel Self-Test ...............................................................6

Fuel On Board and Checklists .........................................................7

Acquiring Satellites/Messages ........................................................8

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies ...........................................9

Page Groups ....................................................................................10

Nav Pages ........................................................................................12

Default Nav Page ............................................................................13

Map Page .........................................................................................14

NavCom Page ..................................................................................15

Direct-To Navigation ......................................................................16

IFR Procedures ................................................................................17

Nearest (NRST) Pages .....................................................................18

Nearest Airport .......................................................................19

Nearest Airspace Page ...................................................................20

Flight Plans ......................................................................................21

Section 1 - COM - Communicating Using the GNC 420W/AW and

GNS 430W/AW ...........................................................................................23

Volume .............................................................................................23

Squelch .............................................................................................23

COM Window and Tuning ...............................................................24

Auto-Tuning .....................................................................................25

Emergency Channel ........................................................................27

Stuck Microphone ...........................................................................27

Remote Frequency Selection Control ...........................................28

Section 2 NAV Pages ..............................................................................29

Main Page Groups ..........................................................................29

NAV Page Group .............................................................................29

Default NAV Page ...........................................................................30

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data............................................31

Restoring Factory Settings .......................................................32

Dual Unit Considerations ........................................................32

Map Page .........................................................................................32

190-00356-00 Rev D

Map Symbols ..........................................................................33

Map Range .............................................................................33

Map Page Auto Zoom .............................................................34

Map Panning ..........................................................................35

Map Direct-To .........................................................................36

Airspace Information on the Map ............................................36

Map Page Options ..........................................................................37

Map Setup ..............................................................................37

Data Fields on the Map ...........................................................40

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data............................................40

Restoring Factory Settings .......................................................41

Terrain Operation ............................................................................41

Operating Criteria ...................................................................41

Terrain Limitations ..................................................................41

TERRAIN Alerting ....................................................................42

Baro-Corrected Altitude ..........................................................42

Terrain Page ...........................................................................42

Inhibit Mode ...........................................................................43

Terrain Symbols .......................................................................44

General Database Information .................................................45

Database Versions ...................................................................45

Database Updates ..................................................................45

Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage ..........................46

Navigation Database ..............................................................46

TERRAIN Alerts ................................................................................46

Pop-up Alerts ..........................................................................46

Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance .........................................47

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) ...........................................48

TERRAIN Failure Alert ..............................................................48

“TERRAIN Not Available” Alert ................................................49

NAVCOM Page .................................................................................51

Position Page ...................................................................................52

Restoring Factory Settings ............................................................54

Satellite Status Page ......................................................................55

Vertical Navigation Page ...............................................................56

Dead Reckoning ..............................................................................59

Section 3 Direct-To Navigation ...........................................................61

Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint by Facility Name or City ..........62

Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint from the Active Flight Plan .....63

Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To Waypoint .............63

Shortcuts ..........................................................................................64

Cancelling Direct-To Navigation ...................................................65

Specifying a Course to a Waypoint ...............................................65

Selecting Direct-To a Holding Pattern ..........................................66

Section 4 Flight Plans .............................................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog .........................................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog Editing ............................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog Options ..........................................................68

v

INTRODUCTION

Activating Flight Plans .............................................................68

Inverting Flight Plans ..............................................................69

Create a new flight plan ..........................................................69

Crossfill ..................................................................................70

Copying Flight Plans ...............................................................70

Deleting Flight Plans ...............................................................70

Deleting All Flight Plans ..........................................................71

Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment? ..........................71

Active Flight Plan Page ..................................................................72

Active Flight Plan Options .............................................................72

Activate Leg ............................................................................72

Crossfill ..................................................................................73

Copy Flight Plan......................................................................73

Invert Flight Plan .....................................................................73

Delete Flight Plan....................................................................73

Select Approach ......................................................................73

Select Arrival ...........................................................................74

Select Departure .....................................................................75

Remove Approach, Arrival, or Departure ..................................75

Closest Point of FPL ................................................................75

Parallel Track ...........................................................................76

Change Fields .........................................................................77

Restore Defaults .....................................................................77

Shortcuts ..........................................................................................78

Flight Plan Transfer Feature (optional with software V 3.20 or

later) ................................................................................................80

Section 5 - Procedures - Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals .......83

Basic Approach Operations ...........................................................85

Approaches with Procedure Turns ................................................86

Flying the Procedure Turn ..............................................................87

Flying the Missed Approach ..........................................................90

Flying an Approach with a Hold ....................................................91

Flying a DME Arc Approach ...........................................................94

Vectors to Final ...............................................................................97

Flying the Vectors Approach ..........................................................98

Course From Fix Flight Plan Legs ................................................100

ILS Approaches ..............................................................................104

Selecting an ILS Approach .....................................................105

Flying the ILS Approach .........................................................106

Selecting an LPV Approach ..........................................................109

Flying the LPV Approach .......................................................110

RNAV Approach Procedures.........................................................112

Points to Remember for All Approaches ....................................112

Points to Remember for Localizer or VOR-based Approaches 113

Enabling Autopilot Outputs for the King KAP140/KFC225 ......114

Section 6 WPT Pages ............................................................................115

WPT Page Group ...........................................................................115

Duplicate Waypoints.....................................................................117

Airport Runway Page ...................................................................119

Airport Frequency Page ...............................................................120

Airport Approach Page .................................................................122

Airport Arrival Page ......................................................................124

Airport Departure Page................................................................125

Intersection Page ..........................................................................127

NDB Page .......................................................................................127

VOR Page .......................................................................................128

User Waypoint Page ......................................................................129

Creating User Waypoints .............................................................129

Creating User Waypoints from the Map Page ...........................131

Modifying User Waypoints...........................................................131

User Waypoint Page Options .......................................................132

User Waypoint List ........................................................................133

Section 7 NRST Pages ..........................................................................135

NRST Page Group ..........................................................................135

Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint ..............................................137

Nearest Airport Page ....................................................................137

Nearest Intersection Page ...........................................................139

Nearest NDB Page ........................................................................139

Nearest VOR Page .........................................................................139

Nearest User Waypoint Page .......................................................140

Nearest Center (ARTCC) Page ......................................................140

Nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) Page .................................141

Nearest Airspace Page .................................................................142

Section 8 VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations ...

...........................................................................................................147

Ident Audio and Volume ...............................................................147

VLOC Window and Tuning ............................................................147

CDI Key ...........................................................................................150

Section 9 AUX Pages ............................................................................151

AUX Page Group............................................................................151

Flight Planning Page .....................................................................152

Fuel Planning ........................................................................153

Trip Planning.........................................................................155

Density Alt / TAS / Winds .......................................................156

Crossfill Operation ................................................................157

Scheduler .............................................................................159

Utility Page ....................................................................................160

Checklists

.............................................................................162

Flight Timers .........................................................................163

Trip Statistics ........................................................................164

RAIM Prediction ....................................................................165

Sunrise / Sunset ....................................................................166

Software / Database Versions ................................................166

Setup 1 Page .................................................................................167

Airspace Alarms ....................................................................169

CDI Scale / Alarms.................................................................170

vi

190-00356-00 Rev D

Units / Mag Var .....................................................................171

Position Format .....................................................................172

Map Datum .........................................................................172

Date / Time ...........................................................................172

Restoring Factory Settings .....................................................173

Setup 2 Page .................................................................................173

Display .................................................................................175

Nearest Airport Criteria .........................................................176

SBAS Selection ......................................................................176

Restoring Factory Settings .....................................................177

Section 10 Fault Detection & Exclusion ...........................................178

Detection and Exclusion ..............................................................178

Section 11 Messages, Abbreviations, and Navigation Terminology

...........................................................................................................179

Messages .......................................................................................179

Turn Advisory and Arrival Annunciations ...................................185

Flight Plan Transfer Messages .....................................................186

Abbreviations ................................................................................187

Navigation Terms ..........................................................................191

Appendix A NavData Card Use ..........................................................193

Appendix B Specifications ..................................................................194

Appendix C Troubleshooting Q&A ....................................................195

Index .........................................................................................................201

INTRODUCTION

190-00356-00 Rev D

vii

INTRODUCTION

Blank Page

viii

190-00356-00 Rev D

INTRODUCTION

Model Descriptions

Model Descriptions

This guide covers the operation of the GPS 400W,
GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, GNS 430AW.
In general, all models will be referred to as the 400W-
series, except where there are physical or operational
differences. The 400W-series units are 6.25” wide and

2.66” high. The display is a 240 by 128 pixel color LCD.
The units include two removable data cards, one with
a Jeppesen database (inserted in the left-most card slot)
and the second being a Terrain database (inserted in the
right-most card slot).

GPS 400W

The GPS 400W has a WAAS GPS engine and is TSO

GDL 69/69A datalink receiver.

GNC 420W/420AW

The GNS 430W/AW includes all of the features of
the GPS 400W, and also includes TSO’d airborne VHF
communications transceiver. This multipurpose unit is
available with either a 10-watt (GNS 420W) or 16-watt
28 V dc (GNS 420AW) COM.

GNS 430W/430AW

The GNS 430W/AW includes all of the features of the
GPS 420W/420AW, and also includes
VOR/Localizer and Glideslope receivers. This multipur­pose unit is available with either a 10-watt (GNS 430W)
or 16-watt 28 V dc (GNS 430AW) COM.

C146a certified for primary domestic, oceanic, and
remote navigation including en route, terminal, and
non-precision approaches, and approaches with vertical
guidance, such as LPV and LNAV/VNAV. The GPS 400W
can simultaneously give aviators vital approach infor­mation and weather and traffic data in relation to their
position on a color moving map display. Thanks to a
high-contrast color display, the information can be easily
read from wide viewing angles even in direct sunlight. Its
color moving map features a built-in database that shows
cities, highways, railroads, rivers, lakes, coastlines, and a
complete Jeppesen database. The huge Jeppesen database
(that can be updated with a front-loading data card)
contains all airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, FSS,
Approach, DPs/STARs, and SUA information.

Pilots will enjoy the GPS 400W as an MFD, especially
when it is coupled with traffic, lightning detection, and
weather interfaces like Ryan TCAD, TIS from the Garmin
GTX 330 Mode S transponder, or L3 SKYWATCH™, or
STORMSCOPE

®

WX 500. With the PC-based FDE pre­diction program, the GPS 400W may be used for oceanic
or remote operations. For the latest in graphical and
textual weather information, the GPS 400W can connect
to XM Satellite Radio’s XM WX Weather Service via the

This Takeoff Tour is intended to provide a brief
introduction of the 400W-series major features. The
rest of this manual describes these features, and others,
in additional detail. Use this guide, as needed, to learn
or review the details regarding a particular feature. The
Index may be used to quickly locate the information
you want. Before flying with your 400W-series unit, take
the time to review the information in the manuals and
practice with the trainer.

After you’re familiar with the basics, some suggested
reading within the Reference section includes:

•Flightplanfeatures-Section4

•Waypointinformationpages(databaseinformation)

- Section 6

•IFRprocedures-Section5

•Unitsettings(conguringtheunittoyourprefer-

ences) - Section 9

If you’re unable to locate the information you need,
we’re here to help! Garmin’s Customer Service staff is
available during normal business hours (U.S. Central
time zone) at the phone and fax numbers listed on page
ii. You can also reach us by mail (see page ii) or at our
web site address: www.garmin.com.

Takeoff Tour

TSO’

d airborne

190-00356-00 Rev D

1

TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

Key and Knob Functions

The 400W-series unit is designed to make operation
as simple as possible. The key and knob descriptions on
the next three pages provide a general overview of the
primary function(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff
Tour section is intended to provide a brief overview of
the primary functions of your 400W-series unit. Experi­ment with the unit and refer to the Reference sections
for more information.

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

GPS 400W

GNC 420W/AW GNS 430W/AW

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

The small left knob (COM/VLOC)

f

W

V

(420W/430W only) is used to tune the kilo­hertz (kHz) value

of the standby frequency for the com-

point)
munications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC
receiver, whichever is currently selected by the
tuning cursor. Press this knob momentarily
to toggle the tuning cursor between the COM
and VLOC frequency fields.

The COM flip-flop key (420W/430W only)

is used to swap the active and standby COM
frequencies. Press and hold to select emer­gency channel (121.500 MHz).

The VLOC flip-flop key (430W only) is

used to swap the active and standby VLOC
frequencies (i.e., make the selected standby
frequency active).

(to the right of the decimal

The COM power/volume knob (420W/430W

k

j

h

2

only) controls unit power and communications
radio volume. Press momentarily to disable
automatic squelch control. In the GPS 400W,
this control is used only for power.

The VLOC volume knob (430W only)

controls audio volume for the selected VOR/
Localizer frequency. Press momentarily to
enable/disable the ident tone.

The large left knob (COM/VLOC)

(420W/430W only) is used to tune the mega­hertz (MHz) value (to the left of the decimal
point) of the standby frequency for the com­munications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC
receiver, whichever is currently selected by
the tuning cursor.

190-00356-00 Rev D

TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

Right-hand Keys and Knobs

Right-hand Keys and Knobs

R

D

The range key (RNG) allows you to select

the desired map scale. Use the up arrow side
of the key to zoom out to a larger area, or
the down arrow side to zoom in to a smaller
area.

The direct-to key provides access to the

direct-to function, which allows you to enter
a destination waypoint and establishes a
direct course to the selected destination. See
Section 3.

The enter key (ENT) is used to approve an

E

d

a

operation or complete data entry. It is also
used to confirm information, such as during
power on.

The large right knob is used to select

between the various page groups: NAV, WPT,
AUX or NRST. With the on-screen cursor
enabled, the large right knob allows you to
move the cursor about the page.

The small right knob (CRSR) is used to

select between the various pages within one
of the groups listed above. Press this knob
momentarily to display the on-screen cursor.
The cursor allows you to enter data and/or
make a selection from a list of options.

The MENU key displays a context-sensitive

m

c

list of options. This options list allows you
to access additional features or make settings
changes which relate to the currently dis­played page.

The clear key (CLR) is used to erase infor-

mation or cancel an entry. Press and hold
this key to immediately display the Default
Navigation Page, regardless of which page is
currently displayed.

190-00356-00 Rev D

3

TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

Bottom Row Keys

N

The nearest (NRST) key (400W/420W
only) displays the nearest airports page.
Then, turning the small right knob steps
through the NRST pages.

GPS 400W / GNC 420W

C

O

M

F

The CDI key (430W only) is used to toggle
which navigation source (GPS or VLOC) pro­vides output to an external HSI or CDI.

The OBS key is used to select manual or
automatic sequencing of waypoints. Pressing
the OBS key selects OBS mode, which will
retain the current “active to” waypoint as
your navigation reference even after pass­ing the waypoint (i.e., prevents sequencing
to the next waypoint). Pressing the OBS
key again will return to normal operation,
with automatic sequencing of waypoints.
Whenever OBS mode is selected, you may set
the desired course to/from a waypoint using
the OBS Page, or an external OBS selector on
your HSI or CDI.

The message key (MSG) is used to view
system messages and important warnings and
requirements. See Sections 11 and 9 for more
information on messages and unit settings.

The flight plan key (FPL) allows you to
create, edit, activate and invert flight plans,
as well as access approaches, departures and
arrivals. A closest point to flight plan feature
is also available from the flight plan key. See
Section 4 for more information on flight
plans.

GNS 430W

Whenever the 400W-series unit is dis­playing a list of information that is too
long for the display screen, a scroll bar

will appear along the right-hand side

of the display. The scroll bar graphically

indicates the number of additional items

available within the selected category.

Simply press the small right knob to

activate the cursor and turn the large

right knob to scroll through the list.

The procedures key (PROC) allows you to

P

select and remove approaches, departures
and arrivals from your flight plan. When
using a flight plan, available procedures for
your departure and/or arrival airport are
offered automatically. Otherwise, you may
select the desired airport, then the desired
procedure.

scroll bar

}

4

190-00356-00 Rev D

TAKEOFF TOUR

Power On

Power On

Powering up the 400W-Series Unit

The Garmin 400W-series provides you accurate
navigational data and some models also have com­munication capability, along with non-precision and
precision approach certification in the IFR environ­ment. The Takeoff Tour is designed to familiarize you
with the operation of the 400W-series — including
powering up the unit, changing frequencies, entering
data, performing a simple direct-to, selecting IFR pro­cedures and provides a limited introduction to using
flight plans. In addition, this section briefly covers the
default navigation, map and frequency pages available
as part of the NAV page group. These pages will be
used for most of your in-flight navigation.

The Takeoff Tour assumes that the unit and anten­nas have been properly installed and you have not

are controlled using the power/volume knob at the
top left corner of the unit. The 400W power knob
is located at the top left corner of the unit. Turning
it clockwise will turn unit power on and increase
the COM radio volume. After turning the unit on, a
welcome page will be displayed while the unit performs
a self test, followed by the database confirmation pages
which show the current database information on the
NavData card (with the valid operating dates, cycle
number and database type indicated). The database
is updated every 28 days, and must be current for
approved instrument approach operations. Informa­tion on database subscriptions is available inside your

400W-series package.
changed any of the 400W-series unit default settings.
If you have changed any of the factory default settings
(position format, units of measure, selectable fields,
etc.), the pictures shown here may not exactly match
what you see on your 400W-series unit. Prior to using
your unit for the first time, we recommend that you
taxi to a location that is well away from buildings
and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data
without interruption.

The 420W and

To acknowledge the database information, press
ENT.

430W

power and COM volume

Power-up Sequence

190-00356-00 Rev D

5

TAKEOFF TOUR

Instrument Panel Self-Test

Check CDI/HSI,

RMI and other

instruments

to verify these

indications

Instrument Panel Self-Test

Once the database has been acknowledged, the
instrument panel self-test page will appear. To ensure
that your 400W-series unit and any connected instru­ments are working properly, check for the following
indications on your CDI/HSI, RMI, external annuncia­tors and other connected instruments:

•Coursedeviation

•Glideslope

•TO/FROMag

•Timetodestination

•Bearingtodestination

•Desiredtrack

•Distancetodest.

•Groundspeed

•Allexternalannunciators(ifinstalled)

{

Should match current

OBS course selection

Fuel Figures: May be

entered manually if no

}

Select to display

Checklists Page

To enter fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel flow
figures (if not provided by sensors):

1. Turn the large right knob to select the “CAP”,

“FOB” or “FF” field.

2. Turn the small and large right knobs to enter
the desired figure, then press ENT.

sensor present

Select to Set Fuel Level

to Full Capacity

The instrument panel self-test page indicates the cur­rently selected OBS course, fuel capacity (CAP), fuel
on board (FOB) and fuel flow (FF). The fuel capacity,
fuel on board and fuel flow may be manually entered
if your installation does not include connection to sen­sors which automatically provide these figures.

6

190-00356-00 Rev D

Enter the fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel

flow figures directly onto the appropriate

field of the instrument panel self-test page.

These figures will automatically be provided

if your installation includes connection to

external sensors.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Fuel On Board & Checklists

Fuel On Board and Checklists

The instrument panel self-test page includes selec­tions to set fuel on board (FOB) to full capacity and
access the checklists page. This allows you to quickly
set fuel to full limits and display any checklists you’ve
entered, such as start up or takeoff checklists.

To set fuel on board to full (if not provided by
sensor):

1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Set

Full Fuel?”.

Select “Set Full Fuel?” to set fuel on board

(FOB) to full capacity.

2. Press ENT and verify that fuel on board

(“FOB”) now matches the fuel capacity (CAP)
figure. Fuel on board will now be reduced, over
time, based on the fuel flow (FF) figure.

To view the checklists page:

1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Go To
Chklist?” and press ENT.

Select “Go To Chklist?” to display the check-

list page and any available checklists. The

400W-series unit can hold up to nine check-

lists with up to 30 entries in each checklist.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired
checklist, then follow the steps in Section 9

- Aux Pages - Utility Page to execute each
step in the selected checklist.

3. Once you complete the desired checklist(s),
press the small right knob to return to the
checklists page. Press the small right knob
again to return to normal operation on the
satellite status or map pages.

Once you’ve verified instrument operation with
the instrument panel self-test page displayed,
press the ENT key.

The satellite status page will appear as the 400W­series unit begins to collect satellite information. An
“Acquiring” status will be displayed on the satellite
status page, and the signal strength of any satellites
received will appear as “bar graph” readings. This is
a good indication that you are receiving signals and a
position fix will be determined. Following the first­time use of your 400W-series unit, the time required
for a position fix will vary—within two minutes.

190-00356-00 Rev D

7

TAKEOFF TOUR

Acquiring Satellites / Messages

Acquiring Satellites/Messages

If the 400W-series unit has not been operated for a
period of six months or more, it may have to “Search
the Sky” to collect new data. This means the unit is
acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satel­lite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10 minutes.
The Satellite Status Page displays a “Searching Sky”
status, and the message annunciator (MSG) above the
MSG key also flashes to alert you of a system message,
“Searching the Sky”.

The satellite status page shows the ID num­bers for the satellites and the relative signal
strength of each satellite received (as a “bar

graph” reading.

The Time and other data may not be displayed

until the unit has acquired enough satellites for a fix.

To view a system message, press the MSG key.

Message Page

The message page will appear and display the status
or warning information applicable to the receiver’s cur­rent operating condition.

To return to the previous page after viewing a
message, press the MSG key again.

“Searching Sky” indicates that satellite almanac
data is not available. The data is recollected from the
first available satellite.

“Acquiring” indicates that satellites have been
located and information is being acquired, but the
receiver does not have enough satellites for a 3-dimen­sional position.

“3D NAV” indicates that a 3-dimensional position
is available.

“3D DIFF NAV” indicates when a 3-dimensional
position is available and differential corrections are
being used.

The “INTEG” annunciator (bottom left corner of
the screen) indicates that satellite coverage is insuffi­cient to pass built-in integrity monitoring tests.

8

190-00356-00 Rev D

TAKEOFF TOUR

420W / 430W Only

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies

While the 400W-series unit is acquiring a position,
let’s take a minute to dial in the active and standby
frequencies you’ll be using for the first phase of your
flight. The

400W-series

display is divided into separate

“windows” (or screen areas), including a COM window,

repeat steps 1 through 3, above, to enter the standby
frequency. After both communication frequencies have
been entered, you may elect to keep the COM window
‘hot’ by leaving the cursor on the standby frequency, or
move the cursor to the VLOC window by pressing the
small left knob.

VLOC window, and the GPS window.

COM Window:

Active Frequency

VLOC Window:

Active Frequency

COM Window:

Standby Frequency

with tuning cursor

repeat steps 1 to 3, above, to enter the standby fre­quency. After both communication frequencies have
been entered, you may elect to keep the COM window
“hot” by leaving the cursor on the standby frequency,
or move the cursor to the VLOC window by pressing

Pushing the small left knob activates the tuning

the small left knob.
cursor in the desired frequency window. To select the
active frequency, you must first enter the frequency
in the standby field, and use the COM flip-flop (or
VLOC flip-flop) key to move it to the active field.

To change the standby communication (COM) or
VLOC frequency:

1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the
desired window (COM or VLOC), press the
small left knob momentarily to switch the
highlight between the COM and VLOC win-

units.

dows. Adjusting the frequencies with the large
and small left knobs will affect the standby
frequency.

2. Turn the large left knob to select the desired
megahertz (MHz) value. For example, the
“135” portion of the frequency “135.325”.

3. Turn the small left knob to select the desired
kilohertz (kHz) value. For example, the “.325”
portion of the frequency “135.325”.

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies

Once you’ve entered the active frequency, simply

Once you’ve entered the active frequency, simply

NOTE: When selecting VLOC frequencies, the
tuning cursor automatically returns to the COM
window after 30 seconds of inactivity.

NOTE: GPS level of service annunciations (LPV,
ENR, etc. as shown on page 83) are not appli­cable to the external CDI (or HSI) when VLOC is
active.

These features are only available in the 420W/430W

4. To activate the selected frequency, press the
appropriate flip-flop key—COM for commu­nication frequencies or VLOC for VOR/Localizer
frequencies.

190-00356-00 Rev D

9

TAKEOFF TOUR

Page Groups

Page Groups

(Large right knob to change page groups)

d

a

(Small right knob to select pages within the group)

NAV Group

Default NAV

Map

Terrain

NAVCOM

Arpt Location

Arpt Runway

Arpt Frequency

Arpt Approach

WPT Group

Arpt Departure

Intersection

NDB

VOR

Position

Arpt Arrival

Satellite Status

VNAV

Selection of any main page is performed using the large and small right knobs. The large right knob selects the page group: NAV, WPT, AUX or

NRST. The small right knob selects the desired page within a group. To quickly select the default NAV page, press and hold the CLR key.

10

190-00356-00 Rev D

User Waypoint

TAKEOFF TOUR

Page Groups

a

(Large right knob to select pages with the group)

AUX Group

Flight Planning

Utility

Setup 1

Setup 2

(Large right knob to change page groups)

d

Nrst Airport

Nrst Intersection

Nrst NDB

Nearest VOR

NRST Group

Nrst User Waypnt

Nrst Center

Nrst Flight Service

Nrst Airspace

FPL Group

Flight plan pages are selected by pressing the
FPL key and using the small right knob to
select the desired page.

Active Flight Plan Flight Plan Catalog

The Procedures pages are selected by pressing the
PROC key and using the small or large right knobs
to select a procedure.

190-00356-00 Rev D

PROC Group

Procedure

11

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nav Pages

Nav Pages

The map page is one of seven, or more, pages avail-

able under the NAV group*:

•DefaultNAVpage •Mappage

•Terrainpage •NAVCOMpage

•Positionpage •Satellitestatuspage

•Verticalnavigationpage

To select the desired NAV page, turn the small
right knob until the desired page is displayed.

If you are currently viewing a page that is not part
of the NAV group, you can quickly return to the NAV
group using the CLR key.

To select the NAV group and display the default
NAV page, press and hold CLR.

NAV

7+ available pages*

(see list above)

AUX

4 available pages

(see Section 9)

MAIN PAGE GROUPS

WPT

10 available pages

(see Section 6)

NRST

8 available pages

(see Section 7)

In addition to the NAV group of pages, additional
groups of pages are available for waypoint information
(WPT), auxiliary (AUX) functions such as flight plan­ning or unit settings, and listings for nearest (NRST)
airports or other facilities.

The bottom right corner of the screen

indicates the page group currently being

displayed (e.g., NAV or NRST), the number

of screens available within that group

(indicated by square icons) and the place-

ment of the current screen within that group

(indicated by a highlighted square icon). To

select a different page within the group, turn

the small right knob.

* Seven, or more, NAV Pages are avail-

able when the 400W-series installation

includes connection to traffic, XM radio,

and/or weather information sources. See the

400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Pilot’s

Guide Addendum, part number

190-00356-31 and the 400W/500W Series

Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Ad-

dendum, part number 190-00356-30.

To select the desired page group, turn the large
right knob until a page from the desired group is
displayed.

To select the desired page within the group, turn
the small right knob until the desired page is
displayed.

12

190-00356-00 Rev D

TAKEOFF TOUR

Default Nav Page

Default Nav Page

During most flights, the default NAV, map and
NAVCOM pages will be the primary pages used for

navigation. The default NAV page displays a graphic
course deviation indicator (CDI), the active leg of
your flight plan (as defined by the current “from” and
“to” waypoints), and six user-selectable data fields.
The default settings for these fields are distance to
waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to
waypoint (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track
(TRK) and estimated time en route (ETE). See Sec­tion 11 for definitions of these navigation terms. The
default NAV page is selected by pressing and holding
the CLR key or turning the small right knob.

Active Leg of

Flight Plan

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)

User-

selectable

Data Fields

To change the data fields in the corners of the
Default NAV Page:

1. Press MENU (with the Map Page displayed).

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight
“Change Fields?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
data field you wish to change.

4. Turn the small right knob to select the type
of data you want to appear on this field and
press ENT.

Default NAV Page

5. Press the small right knob to remove the

190-00356-00 Rev D

cursor.

13

TAKEOFF TOUR

Map Page

Map Page

The map page displays your present position (using
an airplane symbol) relative to nearby airports, VORs,
NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace
boundaries—and your route displayed as a solid line.
Data fields for destination waypoint (WPT), distance
to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK) and ground
speed (GS) appear on the right hand side of the
display. These fields are user-selectable to allow you to
configure the unit to your own preferences. Available
settings include: altitude, bearing, en route safe alti­tude, estimated time of arrival, minimum safe altitude,
and ground track. See Section 11 for definitions of
these navigation terms.

Map Display

Data

Fields

The map page combines a moving map

display and navigation data for complete

situational awareness. Map setup pages
are provided to designate the maximum
scale at which each map feature will ap-

pear. These settings provide an automatic

decluttering of the map (based upon your

preferences) as you adjust the scale.

While viewing the map page, you can

quickly declutter and remove many of

the background map details by pressing

the CLR key (repeatedly) until the desired

detail is depicted.

Scale with

14

Map

declutter

value

Present

Position

Map Page

To change the map scale, press the  or 

sides of the RNG key.

Desired Track

190-00356-00 Rev D

TAKEOFF TOUR

NAVCOM Page

NavCom Page

From the default NAV page, simply turn the small
right knob to display the map page and again to dis-

play the NAVCOM page. The NAVCOM page displays
the available frequencies (communications and naviga­tion) for the departure airport, any en route airports
that are included in your flight plan, and the final
destination airport. When using the direct-to function,
frequencies will be listed for the airport nearest to your
starting position and the destination airport.

A frequency listed on the NAVCOM page can be
quickly transferred to the standby field of the COM
or VLOC windows. This time-saving process prevents
having to “re-key” a frequency already displayed else­where on the screen.

To display the frequency list for the active flight
plan or direct-to airport:

1. In the Nav function, turn the small right knob

to reach the NAVCOM page.

2. Push the small right knob to activate the

cursor on the airport identifier field (in the
GPS window). Turn the small right knob to
display the list of airports (departure, arrival
and en route) for your flight plan or direct-to.
Continue to turn the small right knob until
the desired airport is selected.

To select a communication or navigation fre­quency:

1. On the NAVCOM page, push the small right

knob to activate the cursor in the GPS win­dow.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

frequency from the list.

Selecting a frequency on the NAVCOM page.

3. Press ENT to transfer the selected frequency to

the standby field in the COM or VLOC window.
COM frequencies will automatically go to the
standby field of the COM window and navigation
frequencies will automatically go to the standby
field of the VLOC window, regardless of which
window is currently highlighted by the cursor.

4. To activate the selected frequency, press the

COM flip-flop (or VLOC flip-flop) key.

3. Press ENT to display the frequency list for the

selected airport.

Press ENT to show the frequencies for the

selected airport.

190-00356-00 Rev D

Swap the standby COM frequency into the

active Com frequency location.

15

TAKEOFF TOUR

Direct-To Navigation

Direct-To Navigation

The

400W-series unit

can use direct point-to-point
navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown,
even in the IFR environment. Once a destination
is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and
distance data based upon a direct course from your
present position to your destination. A destination can
be selected from any page with the direct-to key.

Destination

Waypoint Identifier

Field

“Activate?”

Function Field

Select Direct-To Waypoint Page

To select a direct-to destination:

1. Press the direct-to key. The Select Direct-To

Waypoint page will appear with the destination
field highlighted. The direct-to waypoint may
also be selected by facility or city name. See
Section 3 for more information.

5. Press ENT to confirm the identifier. The “Acti-

vate?” function field will be highlighted.

Confirm the selected direct-to destination by

highlighting “Activate?” and pressing ENT.

6. Press ENT to activate a direct-to course to the

selected destination.

Once a direct-to destination is selected,

press and hold CLR to display the default

NAV page.

You can then press and hold the CLR key to

return to the default NAV page, as desired.

2. Turn the small right knob to enter the first

letter of the destination waypoint identifier. The
destination waypoint may be an airport, VOR,
NDB, intersection or user waypoint, as long as
it is in the database or stored in memory as a
user waypoint.

3. Turn the large right knob to the right to move

the cursor to the next character position.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of
the waypoint identifier.

16

190-00356-00 Rev D

TAKEOFF TOUR

IFR Procedures

IFR Procedures

Once the direct-to or flight plan is confirmed, the
whole range of instrument procedures is available to
you. Departures (SIDs), arrivals (STARs), non-preci­sion and precision approaches are stored within the
NavData card and available using the PROC (proce­dures) key.

To display the procedures page, press PROC.

The steps required to select and activate an
approach, departure or arrival are identical. In this
introductory section, we’ll show examples of the steps
required to select an approach, but keep in mind the
same process also applies to departures and arrivals.

To select an approach, departure, or arrival:

1. Turn the small right knob to select the desired

option (“Select Approach?”, “Select Arrival?”
or “Select Departure?”) from the procedures
page.

4. For approaches, a window appears to select the
desired initial approach fix (IAF) or provide a
“vectors” option to select just the final course
segment of the approach. Turn the small right
knob to select the desired option and press
ENT. Vectors guidance is relative to the final
inbound course. A line is drawn beyond the
final approach fix, allowing you to intercept
the final course segment beyond its normal
limits.

A window will appear to select the desired

procedure. Use the large right knob to make

your selection.

5. For departures and arrivals, a window appears
to select the desired transition. Turn the small
right knob to select the desired option and
press ENT.

Press the PROC key to display the procedures

page. Turn the large right knob to select the

desired option.

2. Press ENT to display a list of available proce-

dures for the arrival (when using approaches
or STARs) or departure (when using SIDs)
airport.

3. Turn the small right knob to select the desired
procedure and press ENT.

190-00356-00 Rev D

6. With “Load?” highlighted, press ENT to add

the procedure to the flight plan or direct-to.

In your flight plan or direct-to, the departure
or arrival airport is replaced with the sequence of
waypoints contained within the selected procedure.

17

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Pages

Nearest (NRST) Pages

The NRST main page groups provides listings for
nearest airports or other facilities. The NRST group
provides detailed information on the 25 nearest
airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user-created
waypoints within 200 NM of your current position.
In addition, pages are also provided to display the five
nearest center (ARTCC/FIR) and Flight Service Station
(FSS) points of communication, plus alert you to any
special-use or controlled airspace you may be in or
near.

The nearest airport page is one of eight pages avail­able under the NRST group:

•Nearestairportpage

•Nearestintersectionpage

•NearestNDBpage

•NearestVORpage

•Nearestuserwaypointspage

To display the NRST pages:

1. If necessary, press the small right knob to

remove the cursor from the page.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the NRST

page group, as indicated by “NRST” appearing
in the lower right corner of the screen.

To display a list of nearby airports, turn the

large right knob to select the NRST page

group and (if needed) the small right knob to

select the nearest airport page.

3. Press and then turn the large right knob to

select the desired NRST page.

•NearestARTCCpage

•NearestFSSpage

•Nearestairspacepage

18

To scroll through the list, press the small right

knob, then turn the large right knob.

190-00356-00 Rev D

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Airport

Nearest Airport

You may examine both the communication
frequencies and runway information directly from
the nearest airport page. As discussed earlier for the
NAVCOM page, you may also place any displayed
frequency into the standby COM or VLOC field by
highlighting the frequency with the cursor and press­ing ENT.

To view additional information for a nearby air­port from the Nearest Airport page:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

airport from the list.

3. Press ENT to display waypoint (WPT) informa-

tion pages for the selected airport.

The nearest airport page may be used in conjunc­tion with the direct-to key to quickly set a course to
a nearby facility in an in-flight emergency. Selecting a
nearby airport as a direct-to destination will override
your flight plan or cancel a previously selected direct­to destination. You’ll still have the option of returning
to your flight plan by cancelling the direct-to.

To select a nearby airport as a direct-to destina-

tion:

From the nearest airport page...

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

airport from the list.

3. Press direct-to, ENT, and ENT (again) to

navigate to the nearby airport.

Additional information for a nearby airport
is available by highlighting an identifier on

the list and pressing ENT.

4. To display runway and frequency informa-

tion, press the small right knob to remove
the cursor and turn the small right knob to
display the desired information page.

190-00356-00 Rev D

To select a nearby airport as a new destina-

tion, highlight its identifier, press direct-to

ENT, and ENT

(again).

,

From an airport information page...

1. Press direct-to, ENT, and ENT (again) to

navigate to the nearby airport.

19

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Airspace

Nearest Airspace Page

The last page in the NRST group, the nearest

airspace page, provides information for up to nine

controlled or special-use airspaces near or in your
flight path. Airspace information appears on this page
based upon the same criteria used for airspace alert
messages. Nearby airspace information and airspace
alert messages are provided according to the following
conditions:

•Ifyourprojectedcoursewilltakeyouinsidean

airspace within the next ten minutes, the mes­sage “Airspace ahead -- less than 10 minutes” will
appear.

•Ifyouarewithintwonauticalmilesofanairspace

and your current course will take you inside, the
message “Airspace near and ahead” will appear.

•Ifyouarewithintwonauticalmilesofanairspace

and your current course will not take you inside,
the message “Near airspace less than 2NM” will
appear.

To view an airspace alert message:

1. Press the MSG key. The message page appears

with the alert message.

When an airspace alert occurs, the message

(MSG) annunciator will flash. Press MSG to

view the alert message.

2. Press MSG again to return to the previous

display.

To view nearest airspace information:

1. Turn the large right knob to reach the NRST

function.

•Ifyouhaveenteredanairspace,themessage

“Inside Airspace” will appear.

By default, airspace alert messages are turned off.
When turned on, the message (MSG) annunciator
located directly above the

MSG

key will flash to alert

you to the airspace message. (See Section 9 Aux Pages

- Setup 1 for information on enabling airspace alert
messages.)

20

190-00356-00 Rev D

To view additional information about the

airspace, select the nearest airspace page.

Detailed information is available by high-

lighting the airspace name and pressing ENT.

2. Turn

the small right knob to reach the Nearest
Airspace page.

Note that the airspace alerts are based upon three­dimensional data (latitude, longitude and altitude) to
avoid nuisance alerts. The alert boundaries for con­trolled airspace are also sectorized to provide complete
information on any nearby airspace. Additional infor­mation about a nearby airspace—such as controlling
agency, frequency and floor/ceiling limits—is available

TAKEOFF TOUR

Flight Plans

from the nearest airspace page.

Flight Plans

The

400W-series

lets you create up to 20 flight
plans, with up to 31 waypoints in each flight plan.
Flight plans are created, edited and activated using the
FPL key. The FPL page group includes two pages: the

active flight plan page and the flight plan catalog. The
active flight plan page provides information and editing

features for the flight plan currently in use (referred to
as “flight plan 00”). The flight plan catalog serves as the
main page for creating new flight plans, as well as edit­ing or activating previously created flight plans.

Active flight plan page with flight plan

currently in use.

Since using flight plans is arguably one of the more
complex features of the 400W-series, we’ll only discuss
it briefly here — focusing on creating a new flight
plan and activating it to use for navigation. Additional
information about flight plans can be found in

4 Flight Plans

.

Section

To create a new flight plan:

1. Press the FPL key and turn the small right

knob to select the flight plan catalog.

2. Press the MENU key to display the flight plan

catalog options.

3. Turn the large right knob to select “Create
New Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

To create a new flight plan, select “Create

New Flight Plan?” from the flight plan

catalog options.

4. T h e
cursor will appear on the first waypoint identi­fier field (located directly below “WAYPOINT”).
Use the large and small right knobs to enter
the identifier of the first waypoint in the flight
plan. (The small knob is used to select the
desired letter or number and the large knob
is used to move to the next character space.)

5. Press

190-00356-00 Rev D

Enter the identifier for each airport and/or

navaid into the flight plan in the same

sequence you wish to fly.

ENT once the identifier has been selected. The

cursor will move to the next blank waypoint

21

TAKEOFF TOUR

Flight Plans

identifier field.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5, above, until all waypoints
for the flight plan have been entered. Once the
flight plan is created, it may be activated from
an options window. Activating the flight plan
will place a copy into “flight plan 00” (the
original flight plan still resides in the flight
plan catalog). It replaces any flight plan which
currently exists in “flight plan 00.”

To activate the new flight plan:

1. On the Flight Plan Catalog page, press the
small right knob to activate the cursor. Rotate
the large right knob to highlight the desired
flight plan.

2. Press the MENU key to display the flight plan
catalog options.

3. Turn the small right knob to select “Activate
Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

Select “Activate Flight Plan?” from the page

menu to begin using the new flight plan.

22

190-00356-00 Rev D

1 - COM

420W / 430W Only

Section 1 - COM -

Communicating Using the

GNC 420W/AW and GNS 430W/AW

Some models of the 400W-series feature a digitally­tuned VHF COM radio that provides a seamless transi­tion from communication to navigation. The GNC
420W and GNS 430W’s COM radio operates in the
aviation voice band, from 118.000 to 136.975 MHz,
in 25 kHz steps (default). For European operations, a
COM radio configuration of 8.33 kHz steps is pro­vided (Section 9 - Aux - Setup 2). The GNC 420AW
and GNS 430AW use a 16-watt transmitter, instead of
the standard 10-watt transmitter.

Radio Volume / Auto Squelch

Squelch

The COM radio features an automatic squelch to
reject many localized noise sources. You may override
the squelch function by pressing the COM power/
volume knob. This facilitates listening to a distant sta­tion or setting the desired volume level.

Press the COM power/volume knob momen-

tarily to override the automatic squelch.

Note the “RX” receive indication when

receiving a station.

To override the automatic squelch, press the COM

power/volume knob momentarily. Press the COM

power/volume knob again to return to automatic

squelch operation.

“TX” appears at the upper right corner of

the screen while transmitting.

Volume

COM radio volume is adjusted using the COM

power/volume knob. Turn the COM power/volume

knob clockwise to increase volume, or counterclock­wise to decrease volume.

190-00356-00 Rev D

23

1 - COM

Com Window and Tuning

COM Window and Tuning

420W / 430W Only

Communication frequencies are selected with the
tuning cursor in the standby COM frequency field,
and using the small and large left knobs to dial in
the desired frequency. The standby frequency always
appears below the active frequency. The active fre­quency is the frequency currently in use for transmit
and receive operations.

Tuning cursor in the COM window. Use the

small and large left knobs to dial in the

desired standby frequency.

A frequency may also be quickly selected from the
database by simply highlighting the desired frequency
on any of the main pages and pressing the ENT key.
This process is referred to as auto-tuning. Once a
frequency is selected in the standby field, it may be
transferred to the active frequency by pressing the
COM flip-flop key.

While receiving a station, an “RX” indication
appears in the upper right corner of the COM window
— to the immediate right of “COM”. A “TX” indication
appears at this location while you are transmitting.

NOTE: The tuning cursor will normally appear
in the COM window, unless placed in the VLOC
window by pressing the small left knob. When
the tuning cursor is in the VLOC window, it will
automatically return to the COM window after 30
seconds of inactivity. This does not apply to the
GNS 420W.

The active frequency in either window cannot be
accessed directly—only the standby frequency will be
highlighted by the tuning cursor.

To select a COM frequency:

1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the COM

window, press the small left knob momen­tarily.

2. Turn the large left knob to select the desired

megahertz (MHz) value. For example, the
“118” portion of the frequency “118.300”.

3. Turn the small left knob to select the desired

kilohertz (kHz) value. For example, the “.300”
portion of the frequency “118.300”.

To make the standby frequency the active fre-

quency, press the COM flip-flop key.

The tuning cursor will remain in the COM window.
The GNS 430W/AW unit has a built-in VOR/Localizer/
Glideslope capability. If you wish to select a VOR/
localizer/ILS frequency, press the small left knob

Once the standby frequency is selected, use

the COM flip-flop key to make the frequency

active for transmit and receive operations.

24

190-00356-00 Rev D

momentarily to place the cursor in the VLOC window.
Additional instructions for VOR/localizer/ILS opera­tions are available in Sections 5 and 8.

Cursor in VLOC window allows for VOR and

ILS operations. See Section 8.

Auto-Tuning

The 400W-series auto-tune feature allows you
to quickly select any database frequency in the GPS
window as your standby frequency. Any COM fre­quency displayed in the GPS window can be trans­ferred to the standby COM frequency field, with a
minimum of keystrokes required. The following are
some examples of selecting COM frequencies from
some of the main GPS pages.

1 - COM

420W / 430W Only

Auto-Tuning from Nearest Airport Page

3. Press ENT to place the frequency in the standby

field of the COM window.

Nearest airport page with the Tower

frequency (TWR) for the closest airport

highlighted.

4. Press the Com flip/flop key to swap the

standby and active frequencies.

To select a COM frequency for a nearby airport:

1. Select the nearest airport page from the NRST

page group. Press and hold the CLR key, then
turn the large right knob until the nearest
pages appears. Finally, if necessary, turn the
small right knob to display the nearest airport
page.

2. Press the small right knob momentarily to

place the cursor on the airport identifier field
of the first airport in the list. Turn the large
right knob to highlight the desired airport
frequency.

190-00356-00 Rev D

From the nearest airport page, select the

desired airport to show a more detailed list-

ing of frequencies for that airport.

5. Before leaving the frequency page, use the

large right knob to highlight “Done?” and
press ENT. “Done?” always needs to be
acknowledged before leaving a page group.

25

1 - COM

Auto-Tuning from Flight Plan/Database

420W / 430W Only

To select a COM frequency for a nearby flight ser­vice station (FSS) or center (ARTCC):

1. Select the nearest center or flight service page

from the NRST page group. Turn the large
right knob until the NRST pages appear. Then,
if necessary, turn the small right knob to
display the desired NRST page.

Use the nearest ARTCC page to quickly re-

trieve the frequency(s) for the nearest center

(ARTCC) facility.

2. Press the small right knob momentarily to

place the cursor on the page.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
FSS/ARTCC frequency and press ENT to place
the frequency in the standby field of the COM
window.

To select a COM frequency for any airport in your
flight plan:

1. Select the NAVCOM page from the NAV page
group. (Press and hold the CLR key, then turn
the small right knob until the NAVCOM page
appears.)

2. Press the small right knob to place the cursor

on the airport identifier field. To the left of this
field appears Departure, En Route or Arrival
— depending on the placement of the dis­played airport within your flight plan.

3. Turn the small right knob to display a

window listing the airports in your flight plan.
Continue turning the small right knob to
select the desired airport.

4. Press ENT to return to the NAVCOM page with

the frequencies for the selected airport.

5. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

desired frequency.

6. Press ENT to place the highlighted frequency

in the standby COM window field.

To select a COM frequency for any airport in the
database:

1. Select the airport frequencies page from the

WPT page group. (Turn the large right knob
to select the WPT page group. Then turn the
small right knob until the airport frequencies
page appears.)

Use the airport frequencies page to retrieve

a frequency list for ANY airport in the

Jeppesen NavData database.

2. Press the small right knob to place the cursor

on the airport identifier field.

The NAVCOM page provides a frequency list

for all the airports (departure, en route and

arrival) along your active flight plan.

26

190-00356-00 Rev D

3. Use the small and large right knobs to enter
the identifier of the desired airport. Press ENT

420W / 430W Only

1 - COM

Emergency Channel

when finished.

Stuck Microphone

4. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

desired frequency.

5. Press ENT to place the highlighted frequency

in the standby COM window field.

indication will appear in the COM window. If the
microphone is stuck or accidentally left in the keyed
position, or continues to transmit after the key is
released, the COM transmitter will automatically time

Emergency Channel

The 420W/430W emergency channel select pro­vides a quick method of selecting 121.500 MHz as the
active frequency in the event of an in-flight emergency.

out (or cease transmitting) after 35 seconds of continu­ous broadcasting. You’ll also receive a “COM push-to­talk key stuck” message as long as the stuck condition
exists.

The emergency channel select is available whenever
the unit is on, regardless of GPS or cursor status, or
loss of the display.

To quickly tune and activate 121.500, press
and hold the COM (or remote) flip-flop key for
approximately two seconds. If the remote key is
used, further changes in COM frequency will not
be possible without recycling power.

Whenever the 420W/430W is transmitting, a ‘TX’

A “COM push-to-talk key stuck” message
appears to warn you of a stuck microphone.
Transmitting is disabled after 35 seconds of

continuous broadcasting.

Press and hold the COM flip-flop key for

two seconds to activate the 121.500 MHz

emergency frequency.

Note: Under some circumstances if the com sys-

tem loses communication with the main system,
the radio will automatically tune to 121.500
MHz for transmit and receive regardless of the
displayed frequency.

190-00356-00 Rev D

27

1 - COM

Remote Frequency Selection

Remote Frequency Selection Control

On units configured for remote Com frequency
recall*, pressing the remote recall switch will load the
next preset Com frequency into the unit’s Standby fre­quency box and display a temporary pop-up window
with the current Preset ID number—e.g., Preset 1 or
Preset 12. The remote recall switch can be pressed
multiple times to scroll the entire preset frequency
list through the Standby frequency box (the list will
“wrap” from the bottom of the list back up to the top,
skipping any empty preset positions).

* Preset Com Frequencies are only available with SW

Version 3.00, or later.

The standby frequency isn’t activated until a Com
flip flop switch (either remote- or bezel-mounted) is
pressed. Remote Frequency Selection only functions
on units configured for a remote Com Frequency
recall switch. See Aux Pages - Setup 2 Page - Preset Com
Frequencies for instructions on storing preset Com
frequencies.

28

190-00356-00 Rev D

Section 2

NAV Pages

2 - NAV PAGES

Page Groups / NAV Page Group

Main Page Groups

The

400W-series

main pages are divided into
groups: NAV, WPT, AUX and NRST. While view­ing any of these pages, selection of another page is a
simple selection process using the small and large
right knobs.

NAV

7+ available pages

(see list below)

AUX

4 available pages

(see Section 9)

To select the desired page group, turn the large
right knob until a page from the desired group is
displayed.

To select the desired page within the group, turn
the small right knob until the desired page is
displayed.

NAV Page Group

WPT

10 available pages

(see Section 6)

NRST

8 available pages

(see Section 7)

that group (indicated by a highlighted square icon). To select a

The NAV page group includes seven, or more,
pages. While viewing any NAV page, turn the small
right knob to select a different NAV page. You may
find this selection process convenient to cycle between
the default NAV and map pages—two of the most
frequently used pages. Other pages are provided to
list frequencies for your flight plan, show your current
position, display current satellite reception, and make
vertical navigation settings.

Default NAV

NAVCOM

VNAV

The bottom right corner of the screen indicates which page

group is currently being displayed (e.g., NAV or NRST), the

number of screens available within that group (indicated by

square icons) and the placement of the current screen within

different page within the group, turn the small right knob.

This part of the screen is also used to display the 400W-series

turn advisories (e.g., “DTK 313° 9 S”, or LT TO 030° NOW) and

waypoint alerts (e.g., “ARRIVING WPT” or “HOLD TEARDROP”)

during flight plan and approach operations. Seconds will be

abbreviated as “S” and Now may be seen as “N”. See Section

5 for more information.

Map

Position

Terrain

Satellite Status

190-00356-00 Rev D

29

2 - NAV PAGES

Default Nav Page

Default NAV Page

The first NAV page is the default NAV page. This
page may be quickly selected from ANY page by using
the CLR key.

To select the NAV group and display the default NAV
page, press and hold the CLR key.

of the indicator, relative to the desired course (the
moving course deviation needle). As with a traditional
mechanical CDI, when you’re off course simply steer
toward the needle. The TO/FROM arrow in the center
of the scale indicates whether you are heading to the
waypoint (an up arrow) or if you have passed the

The default NAV page displays a graphic course

waypoint (a down arrow).

deviation indicator (CDI) across the top of the page.
Unlike the angular limits on a CDI coupled to a VOR
or ILS receiver, full scale limits for this CDI are defined
by a GPS-derived distance (2.0, 1.0 or 0.3 NM). By
default, the CDI scale automatically adjusts to the
desired limits based upon the current phase of flight:
en route, terminal area or approach.

Active Leg of

Flight Plan

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)

User-

selectable

Data Fields

The graphic CDI shows your position at the center

The following symbols are used—on the default
NAV page directly below the CDI—to depict the

“active leg” of a flight plan or direct-to:

Direct-To a Waypoint

Course to a Waypoint, or Desired
Course between Two Waypoints

Right Procedure Turn

Left Procedure Turn

Vectors-To-Final

DME Arc to the left

DME Arc to the right

Page location in NAV

group or advisory

NOTE:

Approaching the FAF, the GNS 400W-series
unit automatically rescales in an angular fashion.
This allows the LPV approach to be flown identically
to a standard ILS. At 2.0 NM from the FAF, CDI scal­ing is tightened from 1.0 to the angular full scale
deflection defined for the approach.

You may also manually select the desired scale set-

ting as outlined in the Aux Setup section.

30

Left-hand Holding Pattern

Right-hand Holding Pattern

Directly below the CDI appears the active leg of
your flight plan, or the direct-to destination when
using the direct-to key. This will automatically
sequence to the next leg of your flight plan as you
reach each interim waypoint. If no flight plan or
direct-to destination has been selected, the destination
field will remain blank.

190-00356-00 Rev D

2 - NAV PAGES

Default Nav Page

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data

At the bottom of the default NAV page you’ll find
six user-definable fields which display the data you’ll
need as your flight progresses. By default these fields
display: distance to destination (DIS), desired track
(DTK), bearing to destination (BRG), ground speed
(GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time en route
(ETE). However, each of these fields can be custom­tailored to your preferences by selecting a different
data item. Available data items include:

•Bearingtodestination(BRG)

•Distancetodestination(DIS)

•Desiredtrack(DTK)

•Enroutesafealtitude (ESA)

•Estimatedtimeofarrival(ETA)

•Estimatetimeenroute(ETE)

•FuelFlow(FLOW)

(When Configured)

•Groundspeed(GS)

•Minimumsafealtitude(MSA)

•Trackangleerror(TKE)

•Groundtrack(TRK)

To select a different data item for any data field:

1. Starting with the default NAV page, press the

MENU key to display an options menu.

2. The “Change Fields?” option is already high-

lighted, so press ENT to select this option.

3. Use the large right knob to highlight the data

field you wish to change.

4. Turn the small right knob to display the list

of available data items. Continue turning the
small right knob to select the desired data
item from the list.

•Verticalspeedrequired(VSR)

•Crosstrackerror(XTK)

If no flight plan or direct-to destination has been
selected only speed, track, altitude and minimum
safe altitude data may be displayed. All other data
types will appear as blank lines—on the default NAV
page—until a destination is selected.

190-00356-00 Rev D

5. Press ENT to select the desired data item and

return to the default NAV page.

6. Press the small right knob momentarily to

remove the cursor from the page.

31

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Restoring Factory Settings

Map Page

You can also quickly return all data field settings to
their original factory settings.

To restore all six data fields to factory default
settings:

1. Starting with the default NAV page, press the

plays your present position using an airplane symbol,
along with nearby airports, navaids, user-defined
waypoints, airspace boundaries, lakes, rivers, high­ways and cities.

MENU key to display an options menu.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
“Restore Defaults?” option and press ENT.

Dual Unit Considerations

A “Crossfill?” option is provided from the Default
NAV Page. This option allows you to transfer a direct­to destination, the active flight plan including VNAV
parameters, any stored flight plan or user waypoints to
a second 400W or 500W-series Garmin unit.

See Section 9 - Aux Pages - Flight Planning ­Crossfill Operation for additional details on using the
“Crossfill?” option.

NOTE: The databases of the 400/500 series and
the 400W/500W are incompatible so you may not
mix systems.

The second NAV page is the map page, which dis-

NOTE: The electronic chart is an aid to navigation
and is designed to facilitate the use of authorized
government charts, not replace them. Land and
water data is provided only as a general reference
to your surroundings. The positional accuracy
of the land and water data is not of a precision
suitable for use in navigation and it should not
be used for navigation. Only official government
charts and notices contain all information needed
for safe navigation – and, as always, the user is
responsible for their prudent use.

Map Range

NOTE: If the 400W-series unit is unable to
determine a GPS position, the present position
(airplane) symbol will appear on the Map Page in
yellow. No symbol will be present when there is
no active flight plan.

Map Display

Data

Fields

Present

Position

Page location
in NAV group

32

190-00356-00 Rev D

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Map Symbols

Various

symbols are used to distinguish between
waypoint types. The identifiers for any on-screen
waypoints can also be displayed. (By default the iden­tifiers are enabled). Special-use and controlled airspace
boundaries appear on the map, showing the individual
sectors in the case of Class B or Class C airspace.
The following symbols are used to depict the various
airports and navaids on the map page:

Airport with hard surface runway(s); Primary runway shown

Airport with soft surface runway(s) only

Private Airfield Intersection

VOR VORTAC

VOR/DME TACAN

DME NDB

Localizer Locator Outer Marker

Heliport

Map Range

The map display can be set to 23 different scale
settings from 500 feet to 2000 NM (statute and metric
units are also available). The scale is indicated in the
lower left-hand corner of the map display, and repre­sents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map
display.

To select a map Range:

1. Press the up arrow side of the RNG key to

2. Press the down arrow side of the RNG key

zoom out to a larger map area.

to zoom in to a smaller map area and more
detail.

190-00356-00 Rev D

33

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Map Page Auto Zoom

An autozoom feature is available which will auto-

To quickly declutter the map display, press the CLR key

momentarily (as often as needed) to select the desired

amount of map detail.

matically adjust from an en route range of 200 NM
through each lower range, stopping at a range of

1.0 NM as you approach your destination waypoint.
The autozoom feature is turned on/off from the map
setup page.

The map page also displays a background map
showing lakes, rivers, coastlines, highways, railways
and towns. When a map scale is selected below the
lower limit at which the map detail was originally cre-

The right-hand side of the map page includes four
user-selectable data fields. By default, the displayed
data is: destination waypoint name (WPT), desired
track (DTK), distance to destination waypoint (DIS)
and ground speed (GS). Any of these data fields may
be changed to display a different data type. You may
also remove the four data fields from the map to show
a larger map image.

ated, an “overzoom” indication will appear on the map
display, below the scale reading. “Overzoom” indicates
that the detail at this scale may not accurately repre­sent actual conditions. If you continue to zoom in to
lower scale settings, “overzoom” will be replaced with
“no map” and the geographic detail is removed from
the map display (but, the airport and navaid detail will
remain).

The “Setup Map?” option allows you to define the
maximum scale at which each map feature will appear.
This provides you with complete control to minimize
screen clutter. You can also quickly remove items from
the map using the CLR key.

The CLR key allows you to quickly declutter

the map display, providing four levels of

map detail. Note the “-1” and “-2” (“-3” is

also provided) suffix designations above,

indicating each successive declutter level.

34

190-00356-00 Rev D

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Map Panning

Panning allows you to move the map beyond its
current limits without adjusting the map range. When
you select the panning function — by pressing the
small right knob — a target pointer will flash on the
map display. A window will also appear at the top of

the name of that object will be highlighted (even if
the name wasn’t originally displayed on the map).
This feature applies to airports, navaids, user-created
waypoints, roads, lakes, rivers — almost everything
displayed on the map except route lines.

the map display showing the latitude/longitude posi­tion of the pointer, plus the bearing and distance to
the pointer from your present position.

To select the panning function and pan the map
display:

selected on the map display, you can review informa­tion about the waypoint or designate the waypoint as
your direct-to destination.

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

panning target pointer.

2. Turn the small right knob to move up (turn

clockwise) or down (counterclockwise).

When the target pointer is placed on an object,

When an airport, navaid, or user waypoint is

To review information for an on-screen airport,
navaid or user waypoint:

1. Use the panning function (as described above)
to place the target pointer on a waypoint.

2. Press ENT to display the waypoint information
page(s) for the selected waypoint.

3. Turn the large right knob to move right (turn

clockwise) or left (counterclockwise).

4. To cancel the panning function and return to

your present position, press the small right
knob.

190-00356-00 Rev D

3. Press CLR to exit the information page(s).

35

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Map Direct-To

To designate an on-screen airport, navaid or user
waypoint as your direct-to destination:

1. Use the panning function (see previous page)
to place the target pointer on a waypoint.

2. Press direct-to key to display the select direct-
to waypoint page, with the selected waypoint
already listed.

3. Press ENT twice to confirm the selection and
begin navigating to the waypoint.

The direct-to function can be used anywhere on
the map. If nothing currently exists at the crosshair
position, a new waypoint (called “+MAP”) will be cre­ated at the target pointer location before the direct-to
is initiated.

2. Press ENT to display an options menu.

3. “Review Airspace?” should already be high-

lighted, if not select it with the small right
knob. Press ENT to display the airspace infor­mation page for the selected airspace.

Airspace Information on the Map

When a special-use or controlled airspace bound­ary appears on the map display, you can quickly
retrieve information — such as floor/ceiling limits and
controlling agency — directly from the map.

To view airspace information for an on-screen
special-use or controlled airspace:

1. Use the panning function (see previous page)
to place the target pointer on an open area
within the boundaries of an airspace. If the
area is congested and it is difficult to select an
open area, you may need to zoom in or press
CLR to make the selection easier.

36

190-00356-00 Rev D

To display airspace frequencies:

1. While viewing the airspace information display

in the above example, turn the large right
knob to highlight “Frequencies?” and press
ENT. Press CLR to return to the airspace
information page.

2. Press CLR to exit the airspace information
page. Press the small right knob (CRSR) to
exit panning.

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page Options

Map Page Options

Many of the 400W-series functions are menu

Feature Description

Airspace Special-Use Airspace: Restricted, MOA,

driven. Each of the main pages has an options menu,
allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page
to your preferences and/or select special features
which specifically relate to that page. A map page
options menu provides additional settings to customize
the map page and additional features related specifi­cally to the map page.

To display the map page options menu, press
MENU (with the map page displayed).

The following options are available: “Setup Map?”,
“Measure Dist?”, “Data Fields Off?”, “Change Fields?”
and “Restore Defaults?”.

Map Setup

* Weather and Traffic settings are only available
when the 400W-series unit installation includes con­nection to traffic and/or weather information sources.
See 400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Pilot’s Guide
Addendum.

“Setup Map?” allows you to configure the map display
to your preferences, including map orientation, land data
enable/disable, Jeppesen data enable/disable, automatic
zoom, airspace boundaries, and text size. The following
table lists the group names and available settings:

Other, (TFR, if GDL 69 equipped)

City Large/Medium/Small Cities and Text

Road Freeway, National Highway, Local Hwy,

Local Road

Other States/Prov, Rivers/Lakes, Railroads, Wind

Vector

Feature Description

Map Orientation, AutoZoom, Land Data, Avia-

tion Data

Weather* Lightning Mode/Symbol (when applicable)

Traffic* Traffic Mode/Symbol/Label (when appli-

cable)

Airport Large/Medium/Small Airports and Text

NAVAID VORs, NDBs, Intersections and Text

Waypoint User Waypoints, Flight Plan Wpts, and Text

Line Active Flight Plan/Direct-To, Lat/Long Grid

Control Controlled Airspace: Class B, C, D (tower

zone)

190-00356-00 Rev D

Large, Medium and Small classifications are

used on the 400W-series for airports and

cities. Large airports are those with a runway

longer than 8100 feet. Medium airports

include those with a runway longer than
5000 feet or with a control tower. Large cit­ies are those with approximate populations
greater than 200,000 and Medium cities are

greater than 50,000.

37

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page Options

To change a map setup feature:

1. On the Map page, press MENU to bring up the
Page Menu. Then, turn the large right knob
to highlight “Setup Map?” and press ENT.

2. To change map orientation, turn the small
right knob to select “Map” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
“Orientation” field and turn the small right
knob to select the desired option. Select “North
up” to fix the top of the map display to a north
heading. Select “Track up” to adjust the top
of the map display to your current track head­ing.

Select “DTK up” to fix the top of the map display

to your desired course. Press ENT to accept the
selected option.

4. To enable/disable automatic zoom, turn the

small right knob to select “Map” and press
ENT. Turn the large right knob to highlight
the “Auto Zoom” field and turn the small
right knob to select “On” or “Off”. Press ENT

to accept the selected option. The automatic
zoom feature will automatically adjust the
map scale from 2000 NM through each lower
scale, stopping at 1.0 NM as you approach
your destination waypoint.

5. To enable/disable background land data, or all

Jeppesen aviation data, turn the small right
knob to select “Map” and press ENT. Use the
large right knob to highlight the appropri­ate field and turn the small right knob to
select “On” or “Off”. Press ENT to accept the
selected option.

6. For airports, NAVAIDs, active flight plan
waypoints, user-created waypoints, state/pro­vincial boundaries, rivers/lakes and cities: turn
the small right knob to select the appropriate
“Group” name (per the chart on the previous
page) and press ENT. Use the large right
knob to highlight the zoom field for the desired
feature and turn the small right knob to
select the maximum scale at which the feature
should appear on screen. Or select “Off” to
never display the selected feature. Press ENT
to accept the selected option. Next, turn the
large right knob to highlight the text field for
the desired feature and turn the small right
knob to select the desired text size, or select
“None” to disable text descriptions. Press ENT
to accept the selected option.

38

190-00356-00 Rev D

7. For airspace boundaries, highways, roads, rail­road lines, wind vector, active flight plan course
lines, and lat/long grid lines: turn the small
right knob to select the appropriate “Group”
name (per the chart on the previous page)
and press ENT. Use the large right knob to
highlight the zoom field for the desired feature
and turn the small right knob to select the
maximum scale at which the feature should
appear on screen. Or select “Off” to never dis­play the selected feature. Press ENT to accept
the selected option. Distance Measurements

The “Measure Dist?” option provides a quick, easy
method for determining the bearing and distance
between any two points on the map display.

To measure bearing and distance between two
points:

1. On the Nav Map page, press MENU. Then,
turn the large right knob to highlight “Mea-
sure Dist?” and press ENT. An on-screen refer­ence pointer will appear on the map display at
your present position.

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page Options

4. To exit the “Measure Dist?” option, press the

small right knob.

2. Use the small and large right knobs to place
the reference pointer at the location you wish
to measure FROM and press ENT.

3. Again, use the small and large right knobs to
place the reference pointer at the location you
wish to measure TO. The bearing and distance
from the first reference location will appear at
the top of the map display.

190-00356-00 Rev D

39

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page Options

Data Fields on the Map

The “Data Fields Off?” option provides a full-screen
map display (shown bottom right), without the four
data fields along the right-hand side of the screen.
Select this option when you wish to display a larger
map area. If this option has been selected and the
data fields are off, “Data Fields On?” will appear as an
option instead.

To turn the data fields on or off, press MENU and
turn the large right knob to highlight “Data Fields
Off?” (or “Data Fields On?”), then press ENT.

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data

“Change Fields?” allows you to choose the data
displayed on the four user-selectable data fields along
the right-hand side of the map page. There are twelve
available data types, including bearing to destina­tion, distance to destination, estimated time of arrival,
ground speed, minimum safe altitude and track. See
Section 11 for descriptions of these (and other) naviga­tion terms.

To change a data field:

1. Press MENU on the Map page and then turn
the large right knob to highlight “Change
Fields?”. Then, press ENT.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
data field you wish to change.

3. Turn the small right knob to select the type
of data you want to appear on this field and
press ENT.

4. Press the small right knob to remove the
cursor.

NOTE: The on-screen traffic information will oc­cupy two data fields, leaving room to display only
two additional data types. Traffic information is
only available when the 400W-series installation
includes connection to traffic information sources.
See the 400W Series Pilot’s Guide Addendum,
part number 190-00356-31.

40

190-00356-00 Rev D

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

Restoring Factory Settings

“Restore Defaults?” resets all four user-selectable

data fields to their original factory default settings.

To restore the factory default settings, press
MENU and turn the large right knob to highlight
“Restore Defaults?”, then press ENT.

Terrain Operation

During power-up of the 400W Series unit, the
terrain/obstacle database versions are displayed along
with a disclaimer. At the same time, the Terrain system
self-test begins. A failure message is issued if the test fails.

Garmin TERRAIN is a non-TSO-C151b-certified
terrain awareness system provided as a standard feature
of 400W-Series units to increase situational awareness
and help reduce controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Operating Criteria

TERRAIN requires the following to operate properly:

• Thesystemmusthaveavalid3-DGPSposition

solution.

• Thesystemmusthaveavalidterrain/obstacle/air­port terrain database.

Terrain Limitations

TERRAIN displays terrain and obstructions relative
to the altitude of the aircraft. The displayed alerts are
advisory in nature only. Individual obstructions may be
shown if available in the database. However, all obstruc­tions may not be available in the database and data may
be inaccurate. Never use this information for navigation
or to maneuver to avoid obstacles.

Terrain information is based on terrain elevation
information in a database that may contain inaccuracies.
Terrain information should be used as an aid to situational
awareness. Never use it for navigation or to maneuver to
avoid terrain.

TERRAIN uses terrain and obstacle information
supplied by government sources. The data undergoes
verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of the content,
per TSO-C151b. However, the displayed information
should never be understood as being all-inclusive.

190-00356-00 Rev D

41

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

NOTE: The data contained in the TERRAIN databases
comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately
processes and cross-validates the data but cannot
guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data.

TERRAIN Alerting

TERRAIN uses information provided from the GPS
receiver to provide a horizontal position and altitude.
GPS altitude is derived from satellite measurements. GPS
altitude is converted to a mean sea level (MSL)-based
altitude (GPS-MSL altitude) and is used to determine
TERRAIN alerts. GPS-MSL altitude accuracy is affected
by factors such as satellite geometry, but it is not subject
to variations in pressure and temperature that normally
affect pressure altitude devices. GPS-MSL altitude does
not require local altimeter settings to determine MSL
altitude. Therefore, GPS altitude provides a highly accurate
and reliable MSL altitude source to calculate terrain and
obstacle alerts.

TERRAIN utilizes terrain and obstacle databases that
are referenced to mean sea level (MSL). Using the GPS
position and GPS-MSL altitude, TERRAIN displays a 2-D
picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles relative
to the position and altitude of the aircraft. Furthermore,
the GPS position and GPS-MSL altitude are used to
calculate and “predict” the aircraft’s flight path in relation
to the surrounding terrain and obstacles. In this manner,
TERRAIN can provide advanced alerts of predicted
dangerous terrain conditions. Detailed alert modes are
described later in this section.

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model (where
pressure, temperature, and lapse rates have fixed values),
it is common for the baro-corrected altitude (as read from
the altimeter) to differ from the GPS-MSL altitude. This
variation results in the aircraft’s true altitude differing from
the baro-corrected altitude.

Terrain Page

To display the TERRAIN Page, select the NAV
group and turn the small right knob until the
TERRAIN Page is displayed. The page displays terrain
information, aircraft ground track, and GPS-derived
MSL altitude. Altitude is shown in increments of 20
feet or in increments of 10 meters, depending on unit
configuration. The “G” to the right of the MSL altitude
display reminds the pilot that altitude is GPS-derived.

The TERRAIN Page has two selectable view
settings:

• 360˚ View—View from above aircraft depicting
surrounding terrain on all sides

• 120˚ View—View of terrain ahead of and 60˚ to
either side of the aircraft flight path

Baro-Corrected Altitude

Baro-corrected altitude (or indicated altitude) is derived
by adjusting the altimeter setting for local atmospheric
conditions. The most accurate baro-corrected altitude
can be achieved by frequently updating the altimeter
setting to the nearest reporting station along the flight
path. However, because actual atmosphere conditions
seldom match the standard conditions defined by the

42

190-00356-00 Rev D

TERRAIN Page

NOTE: The TERRAIN Page gives a “Track Up” dis-

play orientation, as indicated by the “TRK” label
shown on the display. This is the only orientation
available on this page.

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

To display a 120˚ view:

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU.

2. Select “View 120˚?”.

3. Press ENT. To switch back to a 360˚ view,

repeat step 1, select “View 360˚?”, and press
ENT.

Seven display ranges are available, allowing for a

more complete view of the surrounding area.

To change the display range:

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press up or down

on the RNG key to select the desired range:
1 NM, 2 NM, 5 NM, 10 NM, 25 NM, 50 NM,
100 NM.

Aviation information such as airports, VORs,
and other navaids can be turned on or off from the
TERRAIN Page.

To show or hide aviation data:

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU.

2. Select “Show (or Hide) Aviation Data” and

press ENT. Pressing the CLR key when the
TERRAIN Page is displayed will also toggle
aviation information on or off.

Inhibit Mode

The Garmin TERRAIN system provides an

“inhibit mode”. This mode is designed to deactivate
Premature Descent Alert/Forward Looking Terrain

Avoidance (PDA/FLTA) visual alerts when they are
deemed unnecessary by the pilot. Flying VFR into
an area where unique terrain exists could cause the
system to annunciate a nuisance alert. Pilots should
use discretion when inhibiting the TERRAIN system
and always remember to enable the system when
appropriate. When terrain is inhibited, the Terrain
page will still be active, but alerts and messages will
not be generated. See the Terrain Alerts section for
more information on terrain alerts.

TERRAIN configured units will restore the “inhibit

state” at startup to the last pilot-selected setting.

To inhibit TERRAIN:

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU.

2. Press ENT. The TERRAIN system is inhibited.

190-00356-00 Rev D

Inhibiting Terrain

“Inhibit Terrain?” is selected by default.

The

annunciation is displayed in
the terrain annunciator field whenever terrain
is inhibited.

43

2 - NAV PAGES

Potential Impact Point

Unlighted Obstacle

Projected Flight Path

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Terrain Operation

To enable TERRAIN:

Enabling Terrain

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU.

“Enable Terrain?” is selected by default.

2. Press ENT. The TERRAIN system is functional

again.

Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle Color

< 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL < 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL

Obstacle Symbol

Terrain Color Symbology

Terrain Symbols

The symbols shown below are used to represent
obstacles and potential impact points on the Terrain
Page. Note that obstacle symbols are shown on display
zoom ranges up to 10

NM

:

The Garmin TERRAIN system uses yellow (caution)
and red (warning) to depict terrain information relative
to aircraft altitude.

Each color is associated with an
alert severity level. Terrain graphics and visual annun­ciations also use these color assignments.

NOTE: If an obstacle and the projected flight path of
the aircraft intersect, the display automatically zooms in
to the closest potential point of impact on the TERRAIN
page.

TERRAIN/Obstacle

(Alert Level)

Red

(Warning)

Yellow

(Caution)

Terrain/Obstacle above or
within 100 ft below current
aircraft altitude

Terrain/Obstacle between
100 ft and 1000 ft below the
aircraft altitude

Location

44

TERRAIN Altitude/Color Correlation

190-00356-00 Rev D

General Database Information

The Garmin TERRAIN system uses terrain and
obstacle information supplied by government sources.
The data undergoes verification by Garmin to confirm
accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b. However, the

information displayed should never be understood to
be all-inclusive. Pilots must familiarize themselves
with the appropriate charts for safe flight.

NOTE: The data contained in the terrain and
obstacle databases comes from government
agencies. Garmin accurately processes and cross­validates the data, but cannot guarantee the
accuracy and completeness of the data.

The terrain/obstacle databases are contained on a
datacard which is inserted in the right-most slot of the
400W Series units.

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

Database Versions

The version and area of coverage of each terrain/
obstacle database is shown on the Terrain Data-

Database Updates

base Versions Page, located in the AUX Page Group.
Databases are checked for integrity at power-up. If a
database is missing or corrupt, the TERRAIN system
will fail the self-test and issue a failure message.

cally with the latest terrain and obstacle data. Visit the
Garmin website to check for newer versions of terrain/
obstacle databases. Compare database cycle numbers
to determine if a newer version is available.

reprogramming or replacing the database card and
inserting the updated card in the right card slot on the
unit front panel. The terrain/obstacle database may
be downloaded via the intenet and the card repro­grammed using a USB programmer available from
Garmin. Contact Garmin at 800-800-1020 or at www.
garmin.com for more information.

TERRAIN Database Information

Terrain/Obstacle databases are updated periodi-

The database update process includes either

190-00356-00 Rev D

45

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

To update the terrain or obstacle database:

1. Acquire a new terrain data card from
Garmin.

2. Turn off the power to the 400W Series unit.

3. Remove the old terrain data card from and
insert the new card into the right-most slot of
the 400W Series unit.

4. Turn on the 400W Series unit and verify that the
TERRAIN system passes the self-test. The “TER
TEST” annunciator will clear after checking and
no failure message appears.

Navigation Database

It is therefore important to also have the latest
Navigation Database installed to ensure correct Terrain
alerting.

TERRAIN Alerts

TERRAIN alerts are issued when flight conditions
meet parameters that are set within the TERRAIN system

Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage

The following describes the area of coverage avail-

able in each database. Regional definitions may change

software algorithms. When an alert is issued, visual
annunciations are displayed. Annunciations appear in a
dedicated field in the lower left corner of the display.

without notice.

Database Coverage Area

Worldwide (WW)

Latitudes: N 75° to S 60°
Longitudes: W 180° to E 180°

Limited to the United States plus

United States (US)

some areas of Canada, Mexico,
Caribbean, and the Pacific.

Alaska, Austria, Belgium, Canada*,
Caribbean*, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Iceland,

US/Europe

Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Mexico*, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, United
Kingdom, United States

* Indicates partial coverage

Pop-up Alerts

On any page except the TERRAIN Page, when a terrain
or obstacle alert is issued, a pop-up window is displayed
with the appropriate alert.

To acknowledge the pop-up alert and return to
the currently viewed page:

Press the CLR key.

To acknowledge the pop-up alert and quickly
display the TERRAIN Page:

CAUTION: Obstacles 200 feet and higher are in-

cluded in the Obstacle Database. It is very impor­tant to note that not all obstacles are necessarily
charted and therefore may not be contained in
the Obstacle Database.

TERRAIN Annunciation Field TERRAIN Pop-Up Alert

TERRAIN Annunciation and Pop-Up

Alert

Press the ENT key.

46

190-00356-00 Rev D

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Alerts

Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance

The unit will issue terrain alerts not only when the
aircraft altitude is below the terrain elevation but also
when the aircraft is projected to come within minimum
clearance values of the terrain. This alerting, called
Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA), is also
provided for obstacles. Any potential impact points will
be depicted on the display.

FLTA Severity Levels

“TERRAIN ADVISORY” advisory—Similarly, an
“OBSTACLE ADVISORY” alert is also provided.

Minimum Terrain Clearance Values

NOTE: During the final approach phase of flight,

FLTA alerts are automatically inhibited when the
aircraft is below 200 feet AGL while within 0.5
NM of the approach runway or is below 125 feet

AGL while within 1.0 NM of the runway.

“TERRAIN AHEAD” alert (flashing)—Similarly, an

“OBSTACLE AHEAD’’ alert is also provided.

Phase of Flight Level Flight Descending

En Route 700 ft. 500 ft.

Terminal 350 ft. 300 ft.
Approach 150 ft. 100 ft.
Departure 100 ft. 100 ft.

190-00356-00 Rev D

47

2 - NAV PAGES

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Terrain Alerts

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA)

The TERRAIN system issues a Premature Descent
Alert (PDA) when the system detects that the aircraft
is significantly below the normal approach path to a
runway.

PDA ends when the aircraft is either:

• 0.5 NM from the runway threshold
OR

• is below an altitude of 125 feet AGL while
within

1.0 NM of the threshold.

PDA Severity Levels

CAUTION — The above annunciation and pop-up

terrain alert are displayed during a PDA alert.

TERRAIN Failure Alert

The TERRAIN system continually monitors
several system-critical items, such as database validity,
hardware status, and GPS status. Should the system
detect a failure, a message is annunciated “TERRAIN
has failed”.

“TERRAIN has failed” message

48

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) Threshold

190-00356-00 Rev D

“TERRAIN Not Available” Alert

The TERRAIN system requires a 3D GPS
navigation solution along with specific vertical
accuracy minimums. Should the navigation solution
become degraded, or if the aircraft is out of the
database coverage area, the annunciation “TERRAIN
NOT AVAILABLE” is displayed on the TERRAIN Page.

“TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE” display

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Alerts

190-00356-00 Rev D

49

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Alerts

Annunciation Pop-Up Alert Description

None TERRAIN has failed

None TERRAIN has been inhibited

None TERRAIN not available due to degraded navigation solution

or the aircraft is outside of the database coverage area.

Terrain FLTA advisory generated by predicted or present

aircraft altitude being below minimum clearance values.

Unless there is a change in conditions a TERRAIN AHEAD

Terrain FLTA alert generated by predicted or present aircraft

(FLASHING)

(FLASHING)

(FLASHING)

(FLASHING)

TERRAIN Alerts Summary

altitude being below minimum clearance values.

Obstacle FLTA advisory generated by predicted or present

aircraft altitude being below minimum clearance values. Un-

less there is a change in conditions a OBSTACLE AHEAD alert

Obstacle FLTA alert generated by predicted or present aircraft

altitude being below minimum clearance values.

PDA alert when the aircraft is significantly below the normal

approach path to the runway.

alert may be

generated.

may be generated.

50

190-00356-00 Rev D

NAVCOM Page

The NAVCOM (navigation communications) page
provides a list of the airport communication and
navigation frequencies at your departure, en route and
arrival airports. The NAVCOM page makes selection
of the frequencies you’ll need along your flight plan
quick and convenient. If you do not have an active
flight plan with a departure airport, the NAVCOM page
will display the frequencies for the airport nearest
your departure position. Only the 420AW and 430AW
move frequencies to their Navcom.

Departure, En

Route or Arrival

Airport

Frequency

Type

2 - NAV PAGES

NAVCOM Page

To scroll through the list of frequencies:

1. Activate the cursor, if not already active, by

pressing the small right knob.

2. Turn the large right knob to move the cursor

through the list of frequencies. If there are more
frequencies in the list that can be displayed on
the screen, a scroll bar along the right-hand
side of the screen will indicate which part of
the list is currently being displayed.

Third Page

in NAV group

To select a frequency list for a departure, en
route, or arrival airport:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to place the cursor

on the airport identifier field (top line on the
NAVCOM page).

3. Turn the small right knob to select the desired
airport and press ENT.

Assigned Frequency
and Usage Informa-

tion (when applicable)

190-00356-00 Rev D

}

scroll bar

3. To place a frequency in the standby field of the
COM or VLOC window, highlight the desired
frequency and press ENT. (

420AW and 430AW

only)

51

2 - NAV PAGES

Position Page

Some listed frequencies may include designations
for limited usage, as follows:

“TX” - transmit only
“RX” - receive only
“PT” - part time frequency

If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restric­tions, the frequency will be preceded by an “Info?”
designation.

To view usage restrictions for a frequency:

1. Turn the large right knob to place the cursor

on the “Info?” designation directly in front of
the desired frequency.

2. Press ENT to display the restriction informa-

tion.

3. To return to the NAVCOM page, press ENT.

Position Page

The position page displays your present position (by
default, in latitude and longitude) and altitude. The
position page also displays your current track, ground
speed, time and a reference waypoint field. These
fields are user-selectable to configure the page to your
own preferences and current navigation needs.

Graphic “Track”

Indicator

Present

Position

Reference

Waypoint Fields

User-selectable

Data Fields

Page location in

NAV group

The graphic “track” indicator at the top of the
page indicates the direction you’re heading, or track,
only while you’re moving. Directly below are three
user-selectable fields, which by default, display track,
ground speed and altitude. Minimum safe altitude
(MSA) can also be displayed on these fields. MSA is
the recommended minimum altitude within approxi­mately ten miles of your present position. MSA is cal­culated from the information contained in the database
and generally includes mountains, buildings and other
permanent features.

The Time and other data may not be displayed
until the unit has acquired enough satellites for a fix.

The graphic “track” indicator and the TRK

indication directly below it provide the same

information. Use the graphic “track” indicator

for quick at-a-glance ground track information.

52

190-00356-00 Rev D

NOTE: Do not rely solely on MSA as an absolute
measure of safe altitude. Consult current charts
and NOTAMs for your area.

To change the user-selectable data fields:

1. Press MENU to display the Position page

options menu.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight
“Change Fields?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
data field you wish to change.

2 - NAV PAGES

Position Page

6. Press the small right knob momentarily to

remove the cursor from the page.

The position page also features a reference
waypoint field, located at the bottom of the page, to
indicate your bearing and distance to/from a selected
waypoint. The reference waypoint field can display
bearing and distance information for a nearby airport
(default), VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.

To change the reference waypoint information:

1. Press MENU to display the position page

options menu.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight
“Change Fields?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
waypoint type field (bottom left corner of the
page; default setting will show “APT”).

4. Turn the small right knob to display the list of
available waypoint types. Continue turning the
small right knob to select the desired data
item from the list.

4. Turn the small right knob to display the list

of available data items. Continue turning the
small right knob to select the desired data
item from the list.

5. Press ENT to select the desired data item and

return to the position page.

190-00356-00 Rev D

5. Press ENT to select the desired type and return
to the position page.

6. To select between “bearing FROM” or “bearing
TO” to the reference waypoint, turn the small
right knob to select the desired bearing refer­ence and press ENT.

53

2 - NAV PAGES

Restoring Factory Settings

Restoring Factory Settings

A “Restore Defaults?” option allows you to reset
all data fields to their original factory default settings.
This will return the three user-selectable fields at the
top of the page AND the reference waypoint fields to
default settings.

7. Press the small right knob momentarily to

remove the cursor from the page.

8. If “WPT” is selected as the waypoint type, you
can designate any airport, NAVAID or user
waypoint as a reference waypoint. Press the
small right knob, turn the large right knob
to highlight the waypoint identifier field, then
use the small and large right knobs to enter
the identifier of the desired waypoint. Press
ENT to confirm the selected waypoint. Press
the small right knob to remove the cursor.

To restore the factory default settings:

1. Press MENU to display the position page

options menu.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight
“Restore Defaults?” and press ENT.

54

190-00356-00 Rev D

2 - NAV PAGES

Satellite Status Page

Satellite Status Page

The Satellite Status Page is helpful in troubleshoot­ing weak (or missing) signal levels due to poor satellite
coverage or installation problems. You may wish to
refer to this page occasionally to monitor GPS receiver
performance and establish a normal pattern for system
operation. Should problems occur at a later date, you
may find it helpful to have an established baseline
from which to compare.

Sky View

of satellite

positions

Signal

Strength Bars

Satellite

Numbers

Excluded

Satellite

(cyan)

Acquiring

Satellite,

not ready

for use

Satellite

acquired

and used for

position fix

(green)

Page location
in NAV group

As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites, a signal
strength bar appears for each satellite in view, with the
appropriate satellite number (01-32, WAAS satellites
will have higher numbers) underneath each bar. The
progress of satellite acquisition is shown in the follow­ing conditions:

• Hollowsignalstrengthbars—thereceiverhasfound

the satellite(s) and is collecting data.

• Cross-hatchcyansignalstrengthbars—thereceiver

has found the satellite(s) but it has been excluded
by the FDE program as a faulty satellite.

• Solidcyansignalstrengthbars—thereceiverhas

collected the necessary data, but is not using the
satellite in the position solution.

The “D” character inside the bars indicates differ­ential corrections (e.g. WAAS) are being used for that
satellite.

Each satellite has a 30-second data transmission
that must be collected (hollow signal strength bar)
before the satellite may be used for navigation (solid
signal strength bar). Once the GPS receiver has deter­mined your position, the 400W-series unit indicates
your position, altitude, track and ground speed. The
GPS receiver status field also displays the following
messages under the appropriate conditions:

•Searching Sky —
The GPS receiver is searching the sky for ANY vis­ible satellites. You are also informed of this status
with a “Searching the Sky” message.

•AcquiringSat —
The GPS receiver is acquiring satellites for naviga­tion. In this mode, the receiver uses satellite orbital
data (collected continuously from the satellites) and

• Solidgreensignalstrengthbars—thereceiverhas

collected the necessary data and the satellite is being
used in the position solution. The sky view display

190-00356-00 Rev D

last known position to determine the satellites that
should be in view.

(at top left corner of the page) shows which satel­lites are currently in view, and where they are. The
outer circle of the sky view represents the horizon
(with north at top of the page); the inner circle 45°
above the horizon; and the center point directly
overhead.

GPS Receiver

Status

Horizontal Figure of Merit

and Vertical Figure of Merit

Estimated Posi-

tion Uncertainty

Satellite acquired, used for

position fix, and has differential

corrections

55

2 - NAV PAGES

Satellite Status Page

•3DNavigation —
The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and
computes altitude using satellite data.

•3DDifferentialNavigation—TheGPSreceiveris

in 3D navigation mode and differential corrections
are being used.

Vertical Navigation Page

WARNING: VNAV is to be used for advisory
purposes only. VNAV messages or vertical speed
required should not be used to maintain terrain
or ATC clearances. Terrain and ATC clearances are
the sole responsibility of the pilot.

The 400W-series vertical navigation page (the last
NAV page) allows you to create a three-dimensional
profile which guides you from your present position
and altitude to a final (target) altitude at a specified
location. This is helpful when you’d like to descend
to a certain altitude near an airport. Once the profile
is defined, message alerts and additional data on the
default NAV and map pages will keep you informed of
your progress.

Altitude Reference

(AGL or MSL)

Target Reference

Vertical Speed

Required

The Satellite Status Page also indicates the accu­racy of the position fix, using Horizontal Figure of
Merit (HFOM), Vertical Figure of Merit (VFOM), and
Estimated Position Uncertainty (EPU). HFOM and
VFOM represent the 95% confidence levels in hori­zontal and vertical accuracy. The lowest numbers are
the best accuracy and the highest numbers are worse.
EPU is the horizontal position error estimated by the
Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) algorithm, in feet
or meters.

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190-00356-00 Rev D

Target

Altitude

Target

Distance

NOTE:

ground speed must be greater than 35 knots and
you must be navigating to a direct-to destina­tion or using a flight plan, and not be in SUSP
mode or Vectors-to-Final (VTF). This must be done
before the FAF.

Vertical Speed

Desired

To use the vertical navigation features, your

Page location in

NAV group

To create a vertical navigation profile:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

target altitude field.

3. Turn the small and large right knobs to select
the target altitude and press ENT.

4. Turn the small right knob to select “Above
Wpt” (AGL) or “MSL”, and press ENT. “Above
Wpt” will use the altitude of a destination air­port as stored in the Jeppesen NavData card.
“MSL” lets you set a specific target altitude
for any waypoint category: airport, VOR, NDB,
intersection or user waypoint.

2 - NAV PAGES

Vertical Navigation - VNAV

6. Turn the small right knob to select “Before”
or “After”, and press ENT. This setting desig­nates whether the offset distance defines a
point before you reach the target reference
waypoint or after you reach the waypoint.
“After” is not available for the last waypoint.

7. When using a flight plan, the target refer­ence waypoint itself can be specified from
the waypoints contained in the flight plan. By
default, the last waypoint in the flight plan will
be selected. To select a different waypoint, turn
the small right knob to select the desired
waypoint and press ENT.

5. Turn the small and large right knobs to select

a distance from the target reference waypoint
and press ENT. If the target altitude should
occur at the target reference waypoint, enter
a distance of zero.

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8. The default profile utilizes a 400 foot-per­minute descent rate. To change the rate,
turn the large right knob to highlight the
“VS Profile” field and use the small and large
right knobs to enter a new rate. Press ENT
when finished.

57

2 - NAV PAGES

Vertical Navigation - VNAV

With the profile set, the vertical speed required
(VSR) is displayed on the vertical navigation page.
Expect the following to occur when using the vertical
navigation feature:

•Atoneminutepriortoreachingtheinitialdescent

point, a message “Approaching VNAV Profile”
occurs. The descent angle will also lock to pre­vent changes in speed from altering the profile.

•Ifselected,theverticalspeedrequired(VSR)

readout on the default NAV and map pages will
show the desired vertical speed to maintain the
proper descent angle. Maximum VSR that can be
displayed is -6000 ft/min. If VSR exceeds -6000
ft/min, dashes will be displayed.

To disable/enable the vertical navigation (VNAV)
messages:

1. Press MENU to display the vertical navigation

page options menu.

2. With “VNAV Messages On?” highlighted, press

ENT. Or, if the messages are already on and you
wish to turn them off, make sure “VNAV Mes­sages Off?” is highlighted and press ENT.

To restore the factory default VNAV settings:

1. On the Nav VNAV page, press the MENU

key.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight
“Restore Defaults” and then press ENT.

•CoursereversalsarenotincludedintheVNAV

calculations until the aircraft begins the course
reversal. While reversing course, VNAV includes
direct-to the course reversal wayopint in the
VNAV calculation.

•At500feetabovethetargetaltitude,an

“Approaching Target Altitude” message is pro­vided. The VSR readout on the default NAV and
map pages is blanked out, at this point.

Vertical navigation messages can be turned on or
off. (By default the messages are off.) Turning the mes­sages off allows you to keep the profile settings you’ve
entered previously, without having them generate mes­sages when the feature isn’t needed.

58

190-00356-00 Rev D

2 - NAV PAGES

Dead Reckoning

Dead Reckoning

Dead reckoning is the process of continuing navi-

compute navigation related information for the current
flight phase.

gation using your last known position and speed after
a loss of GPS navigation while on an active flight plan.

CAUTION: Navigation using dead reckoning is
therefore only an estimate and should not be
used as the sole means of navigation. Use other
means of navigation, if possible.

Oceanic flight modes. If the unit is in a Terminal or
Approach flight mode when Dead Reckoning takes
place, “No GPS Position” will be displayed on the map
pages and all navigation data will be dashed. If you are
operating in Dead Reckoning mode and a transition to
Terminal or Approach flight modes would occur from

Dead reckoning becomes active after a loss of GPS
position while you are navigating using an active flight
plan. A pop-up message will appear and you must
clear the message before continuing operation.

the projected Dead Reckoning position, Dead Reckon­ing mode will be discontinued. “No GPS Position” will
be displayed on the map pages and all navigation data
will be dashed.

The ownship icon color is changed to yellow. The To/
From flag is removed from the CDI. The Dead Reckon­ing annunciator (DR) appears on the left side of the
map display when GPS position is unavailable and the
unit is in Dead Reckoning mode. All external outputs
dependent on GPS position are flagged.

Dead Reckoning is only allowed in En Route and

Terrain will be noted as not available and new terrain
advisory pop-ops will not occur. Traffic and Storm­scope information will not be shown on the Map page,
but will continue to be available on their own dedi­cated pages. XM weather will still be available on the
Map page.

Dead Reckoning mode will continue until GPS posi­tion is restored, when GPS navigation is restored Dead
Reckoning mode is exited. The DR annunciations
will be removed and GPS information will be used to

190-00356-00 Rev D

59

2 - NAV PAGES

Blank Page

60

190-00356-00 Rev D

3 - DIRECT-TO

Selecting a Waypoint

Section 3

Direct-To Navigation

The direct-to function provides a quick method of
setting a course to a waypoint. Once a direct-to is acti­vated, the unit will establish a point-to-point course
line (geodesic path) from your present position to
the selected direct-to waypoint. The unit will provide
navigation guidance to the selected direct-to waypoint
until the direct-to is manually cancelled or replaced by
a new active leg or direct-to.

To select a direct-to waypoint:

1. Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to

waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint
identifier field highlighted.

course, the direct-to function may also be used to re­center the CDI (HSI) needle and proceed direct-to the
active waypoint.

3. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint,
and ENT again to activate the direct-to func­tion.

If you’re navigating to a waypoint and get off

To re-center the CDI (HSI) needle to the active
waypoint:

1. Press the direct-to key, followed by pressing
ENT twice.

NOTE: If you’re navigating an approach with

the missed approach point (MAP) as the active
waypoint, re-centering the CDI (HSI) needle with
the

direct-to

key will cancel the approach.

2. Use the small and large right knobs to

enter the identifier of the desired direct-to
waypoint.

190-00356-00 Rev D

61

3 - DIRECT-TO

Selecting a Waypoint

Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint by Facility Name or City

In addition to selecting a direct-to waypoint by
identifier, the select direct-to waypoint page also allows
you to select airports, VORs and NDBs by facility
name or city location. If duplicate entries exist for the
entered facility name or city, additional entries may be
viewed by continuing to turn the small right knob
during the selection process.

Identifier, Symbol

and Region

To select a direct-to waypoint by facility name or
city:

Flight Plan

Field

Facility

Name

City

Nearest
Airport

Field

4. Continue turning the small right knob to

scroll through any additional database listings
for the selected facility name or city. You can
also scroll backwards with the small right
knob if you scroll past the desired waypoint.

5. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint,
and ENT to activate the direct-to function.

To select the direct-to waypoint by facility
name (shown above) or city location (shown
below), highlight the second or third line on

the direct-to waypoint page. Use the small and

large right knobs to enter the facility name or

city. The identifier(s) for any matching entries

will appear on the top line of the page.

1. Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to

waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint
identifier field highlighted.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

facility name (second line; see above) or the
city (third line; see above) field.

3. Use the small and large right knobs to enter

the facility name or city location of the desired
direct-to waypoint. As you spell the facility
name or city, the Spell’N’Find feature will select
the first entry in the database based upon the
characters you have entered up to that point.

62

190-00356-00 Rev D

3 - DIRECT-TO

Selecting a Waypoint

Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint from the Ac­tive Flight Plan

Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To Waypoint

If you’re navigating an active flight plan, any way­point contained in the flight plan may be selected as
a direct-to waypoint from the select direct-to waypoint
page. (see Section 4 - Flight Plans, for more information
on flight plans.)

To select a direct-to waypoint from the active
flight plan:

the nearest airports (from your present position) on
the NRST field. Navigating directly to a nearby airport
is always just a few simple steps away. (Nearby airports
may also be selected as direct-to waypoints using the
steps described Section 7 - NRST Pages - Navigating to
a Nearby Waypoint.)

1. Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to

waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint
identifier field highlighted.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

flight plan (FPL) field.

The select direct-to waypoint page always displays

To select a nearby airport as a direct-to waypoint:

1. Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to

waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint
identifier field highlighted.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

nearest airport (NRST) field.

3. Turn the small right knob to display a window

showing up to nine nearby airports.

3. Turn the small right knob to display a window

showing all waypoints in the active flight
plan.

4. Continue turning the small right knob to

scroll through the list and highlight the desired
waypoint.

5. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint,
and ENT to activate the direct-to function.

190-00356-00 Rev D

4. Continue turning the small right knob to

scroll through the list and highlight the desired
airport.

5. Press ENT to confirm the selected airport, and

ENT to activate the direct-to function.

NOTE: Performing a direct-to the MAP of an ac-

tive approach will cancel approach mode.

63

3 - DIRECT-TO

Direct-to Shortcuts

Shortcuts

Shortcuts are available when using the direct-to
key, allowing you to bypass the use of the small and
large right knobs to enter the waypoint’s identifier. A
direct-to can be performed from any page displaying
a single waypoint identifier (such as the WPT pages
for airports and navaids) by simply pressing direct-to

the map page, by panning to the desired location
and pressing direct-to and ENT (twice). If no air­port, navaid or user waypoint exists at the desired
location, a waypoint named “+MAP” will auto­matically be created at the location of the panning
pointer.

and ENT. For pages that display a list of waypoints
(e.g., the nearest airport page), you must highlight the
desired waypoint with the cursor before pressing the
direct-to key.

To select an on-screen waypoint (other than the
map page) as a direct-to waypoint:

1. If a single airport, navaid or user waypoint is

displayed on-screen: press direct-to, then
press ENT twice.

2. If a list of waypoints is displayed on-screen:

press the small right knob to activate the
cursor, turn the large right knob to highlight
the desired waypoint, then press direct-to
followed by ENT twice.

Direct-to waypoints may also be selected from

To select a direct-to waypoint from the map page:

1. From the map page, press the small right

knob to display a panning pointer.

2. Turn the small and large right knobs to place

the panning pointer at the desired location.

3. If the panning pointer is placed on an existing
airport, navaid or user waypoint, the waypoint
name will be highlighted. Press direct-to and
then ENT twice to navigate to the waypoint.

4. If the panning pointer is placed on an open
location, press direct-to and ENT twice to
create a “+MAP” waypoint and navigate to
it.

64

190-00356-00 Rev D

3 - DIRECT-TO

Cancelling / Manual Course

Cancelling Direct-To Navigation

Specifying a Course to a Waypoint

Once a direct-to is activated, the unit will provide
navigation guidance to the selected waypoint until the
direct-to is manually cancelled or replaced by a new
active leg or direct-to.

To cancel a direct-to:

set a direct geodesic course to the selected waypoint.
You can also manually define the course to the selected
waypoint, using the “CRS” course field on the select
direct-to waypoint page.

1. Press the direct-to key to display the select

direct-to waypoint page.

2. Press MENU to display the direct-to options

menu.

3. With “Cancel Direct-To NAV?” highlighted,

press ENT. If a flight plan is still active, the unit
will resume navigating the flight plan along the
closest leg.

Whenever you perform a direct-to, the unit will

To manually define the direct-to course:

1. Press the direct-to key.

2. Use the small and large right knobs to select

the desired waypoint.

3. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint,
then turn the large right knob to highlight
the course (“CRS”) field.

4. Turn the small and large right knobs to select
the desired course and press ENT.

5. Press ENT again to begin navigation using the

190-00356-00 Rev D

selected waypoint and course.

65

3 - DIRECT-TO

Selecting Direct-To a Holding Pattern

You may select a Direct-To course to a holding pat-

tern that is in your flight plan.

To set a direct-to course to a holding pattern:

1. Press the FPL key to reach the active flight plan

page.

2. Press the small right knob to activate the
cursor. Turn the large right knob to highlight
the hold leg of the flight plan.

3. Press direct-to. “Activate” will be highlighted.
Press ENT to activate a course Direct-To the
holding pattern. Or, press CLR to cancel the
process.

4. The holding pattern waypoint will now be set
as the direct-to waypoint.

66

190-00356-00 Rev D

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog

Section 4

4. Turn the large right knob to select the point

Flight Plans

The

400W-series
ent flight plans, with up to 31 waypoints in each flight
plan. The flight plan page group consists of two pages,
accessed by pressing the
Plan page shows the legs and details in the active flight
plan. The Flight Plan Catalog contains flight plans that
you have created and saved for future use. The flight
plan pages allow you to create, edit and copy flight
plans. There are separate options available in both the
Active Flight Plan page and the Flight Catalog page.

Active Flight Plan Page

Flight Plan Catalog

The Flight Plan Catalog allows you to create, edit,
activate, delete and copy flight plans. Flight plans
numbered from 1 through 19 are used to save flight
plans for future use. “Flight plan 00” is reserved exclu­sively for the flight plan currently in use for naviga­tion. Any time you activate a flight plan, a copy of the
flight plan is automatically transferred to “flight plan
00” and overwrites any previously active flight plan.

lets you create up to 20 differ-

FPL

key. The Active Flight

Flight Plan Catalog Page

5. Use the small and large right knobs to enter

6. Once all changes have been made, press the

1. Press FPL and turn the small right knob to

where you wish to add the new waypoint. If
an existing waypoint is highlighted, the new
waypoint will be placed directly in front of this
waypoint.

the identifier of the new waypoint and press

ENT.

small right knob to return to the flight plan

catalog.

To delete a waypoint from an existing flight plan:

display the flight plan catalog.

Flight Plan Catalog Editing

To add a waypoint to an existing flight plan:

1. Press FPL and turn the small right knob to

display the flight plan catalog.

2. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
desired flight plan and press ENT.

2. Press the small right knob to activate the

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

4. Turn the large right knob to select the

190-00356-00 Rev D

cursor.

desired flight plan and press ENT.

waypoint you wish to delete and press CLR
to display a “remove waypoint” confirmation
window.

67

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog

5. With “Yes” highlighted, press ENT to remove

Flight Plan Catalog Options

the waypoint.

6. Once all changes have been made, press the

Plan Catalog:

small right knob to return to the flight plan
catalog.

A one-line user comment may be added to any
flight plan, which will be displayed on the flight plan
catalog, next to the flight plan’s number. By default, as
the flight plan is being created, the comment will show
the first and last waypoints in the flight plan.

To change the comment line for an existing flight
plan:

Activating Flight Plans

1. From the flight plan catalog, press the small
right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
desired flight plan and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to select the com-

flight plan for navigation guidance. Once a flight plan
is defined through the Flight Plan Catalog, it may be
activated for navigation. Activating the flight plan
places it into “flight plan 00” and overwrites any previ­ous information at that location.

ment line at the top of the screen.

4. Use the small and large right knobs to enter
the new comment. Press ENT when finished.

The following options are available for the Flight

• ActivateFlightPlan

• InvertandActivateFlightPlan

• CreateNewFlightPlan

• Crossll

• CopyFlightPlan

• DeleteFlightPlan

• DeleteAllFlightPlans

• SortListbyNumber/Comment

Activate Flight Plan? allows you to select the

To activate an existing flight plan:

1. From the flight plan catalog, press the small
right knob to activate the cursor.

5. Once all changes have been made, press the

small right knob to return to the flight plan
catalog.

68

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
desired flight plan and press MENU to display
the flight plan catalog options.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Acti­vate Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

190-00356-00 Rev D

Inverting Flight Plans

Invert FPL? allows you to reverse the highlighted
flight plan and select it for navigation guidance. After
travelling along a flight plan, you may wish to reverse
the route for navigation guidance back to your original
departure point.

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog Options

To activate an existing flight plan in reverse order:

1. From the flight plan catalog, press the small
right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
desired flight plan and press MENU to display
the flight plan catalog options.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Invert
FPL?” and press ENT. The original flight plan
will remain intact in its flight plan catalog stor­age location.

Create a new flight plan

Create New Flight Plan? allows you to create a
new flight plan. The new flight plan will be saved in
the Flight Plan Catalog.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Create
New Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

4. A blank flight plan page will appear for the
first empty storage location. Use the small
and large right knobs to enter the identifier
of the departure waypoint and press ENT.

5. Repeat step #4 above to enter the identifier
for each additional flight plan waypoint.

6. Once all waypoints have been entered, press
the small right knob to return to the flight
plan catalog.

To create a new flight plan:

1. Press FPL and turn the small right knob to

display the flight plan catalog.

2. Press MENU to display the flight plan catalog

options.

190-00356-00 Rev D

69

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog Options

Crossfill

Crossfill? allows you to transfer a direct-to desti­nation, the active flight plan including VNAV param­eters, any stored flight plan or user waypoints to a
second 400W-Series or 500W-Series Garmin unit.

See Section 9 - Aux Pages - Flight Planning ­Crossfill Operation for additional details on using the
“Crossfill?” option.

Copying Flight Plans

Copy Flight Plan? allows you to copy the selected
flight plan to a new flight plan location. The copy
function is useful for duplicating an existing flight plan
before making changes. If you want to save a flight
plan currently located in “flight plan 0”, be sure to
copy it to an open catalog location (1-19) before the
flight plan is cancelled, overwritten or erased.

To copy a flight plan to another flight plan cata­log location:

1a. From the active flight plan page, press MENU

to display the active flight plan options
window.

or

Deleting Flight Plans

selected flight plan from memory. Deleting a flight plan
does not delete the individual waypoints contained
in the flight plan from the database or user waypoint
memory. Once you are finished with a flight plan, it
can easily be deleted from the flight plan catalog or the
active flight plan page.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Copy
Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

3. By default, the next empty catalog location will
be offered. To select a different location, turn
the large right knob to select the flight plan
number, use the small and large right knobs
to enter a different number and press ENT.

4. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to copy
the flight plan.

Delete Flight Plan? allows you to remove the

1b. From the flight plan catalog, press the small

right knob to activate the cursor, turn the
large right knob to highlight the flight plan

you wish to copy, then press MENU to display
the flight plan catalog options.

70

To delete a flight plan:

1a. From the active flight plan page, press MENU

to display the active flight plan options
window.

or
1b. From the flight plan catalog, press the small

right knob to activate the cursor, turn the
large right knob to highlight the flight plan

you wish to copy, then press MENU to display
the flight plan catalog options.

190-00356-00 Rev D

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Delete
Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

3. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to delete
the flight plan.

Deleting All Flight Plans

Delete All Flight Plans? allows you to remove all

flight plans from memory.

To delete all flight plans:

1. Select the “Delete All Flight Plans?” option
from the flight plan catalog options and press
ENT.

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog Options

Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment?

Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment?

The sorting function allows you to select between a
flight plan catalog sorted numerically by the flight plan
number or sorted alphanumerically based upon the
comment assigned to each flight plan. When either
option is selected, the other option will appear on the
flight plan catalog options window.

To sort the catalog listing by number or comment:

1. Select the “Sort List By Number?” or “Sort List
By Comment?” option (whichever is currently
displayed) from the flight plan catalog options
and press ENT.

2. A confirmation window will appear. With

“Yes?” highlighted, press ENT.

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71

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog Options

Active Flight Plan Page

5. Press the small right knob to remove the

The active flight plan page provides information
and editing functions for “flight plan 00”— the flight
plan currently in use for navigation. Once you have
activated a flight plan, the active flight plan page will

1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press

show each waypoint for the flight plan, along with the
desired track (DTK) and distance (DIS) for each leg.
The data fields for DTK and DIS are user-selectable

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight

and may be changed to display cumulative distance
(CUM) to each waypoint, estimated time of arrival
(ETA), estimated time en route (ETE) or en route safe
altitude (ESA).

To change a data field on the active flight plan
page:

Active Flight Plan Options

ceding pages) are available for the active flight plan:

1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press

MENU to display the active flight plan page
options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight
“Change Fields?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the field
you wish to change.

Activate Leg

4. Turn the small right knob to select the desired
data item and press ENT.

and selects the highlighted leg as the “active leg” (the
leg which will currently be used for navigation guid­ance).

cursor.

To restore factory default settings for data fields
on the active flight plan page:

MENU to display the active flight plan page

options window.

“Restore Defaults?” and press ENT.

The following options (some covered on the pre-

• ActivateLeg

• Crossll

• CopyFlightPlan

• InvertFlightPlan

• DeleteFlightPlan

• SelectApproach

• SelectArrival

• SelectDeparture

• RemoveApproach

• RemoveArrival

• RemoveDeparture

• ClosestPointofFlightPlan

• ParallelTrack

• ChangeFields

• RestoreDefaults

Activate Leg? activates/reactivates the flight plan

To activate a flight plan along a specific leg:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor and turn the large right knob to highlight

72

190-00356-00 Rev D

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan

the desired destination waypoint.

2. Select the “Activate Leg?” option from the
active flight plan page options and press

ENT.

Delete Flight Plan

waypoints from the selected flight plan. Deleting a
flight plan does not delete the waypoints contained
in the flight plan from the database or user waypoint
memory.
tion.

3. A confirmation window will appear. With
“Activate?” highlighted, press ENT.

Crossfill

Crossfill? allows you to transfer the active flight
plan, including VNAV parameters, between two
400W- or 500W-series Garmin units in a dual unit
installation. See the description on a previous page
in the Flight Plan section. See Section 9 - Aux Pages

- Flight Planning - Crossfill Operation for additional
details on using the “Crossfill?” option.

Delete Flight Plan?

allows you to remove all

This feature is described earlier in this sec-

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan
Page Options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Delete
Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

3. A window will appear with the message
“Delete all flight plans?”. Turn the large right
knob to highlight “Yes” or “No”. Press ENT.

Copy Flight Plan

Copy Flight Plan? copies the active flight plan
to a flight plan catalog location. The copy function
is useful for duplicating the active flight plan before
making changes. This feature is described earlier in
this section.

Invert Flight Plan

Invert Flight Plan? reverses the active flight plan.

This feature is described earlier in this section.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan
Page Options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Invert
Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

190-00356-00 Rev D

Select Approach

Select Approach? allows you to select a published
instrument approach for the destination airport, or
replace the current approach with a new selection. In
many cases, you’ll find it more convenient to select
approaches using the PROC key
Section 5 - Procedures

To select an approach for a direct-to or flight plan

destination airport:

1. Press MENU and choose the “Select

Approach?” option from the active flight plan
page options with the large right knob and
press ENT.

.

— as described in

73

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Options

2. A window will appear listing the available
approaches for your destination airport. Turn
the small right knob to highlight the desired
approach and press ENT.

3. A second window will appear listing available
transitions for the approach. Turn the small
right knob to highlight the desired transi­tion waypoint and press ENT. (The “Vectors”
option assumes you will receive vectors to the
final course segment of the approach and will
provide navigation guidance to intercept this
final course.)

ing the original flight plan until cleared for the
approach—but, keeps the approach available
for quick activation when needed.

5. For approaches not approved for GPS, a
reminder window will appear indicating that
GPS guidance on such approaches is strictly
for monitoring only. To confirm this reminder,
highlight “Yes?” and press ENT.

Select Arrival

Select Arrival? allows you to select a published
standard terminal arrival route (STAR) for the destina­tion airport, or replace the current arrival with a new
selection.

To select an arrival for a direct-to or flight plan

destination airport:

1. Select the “Select Arrival?” option from the
active flight plan page options and press
ENT.

4. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Load?”
or “Activate?” and press ENT. “Load?” will
add the approach to the flight plan without
immediately using the approach for navigation
guidance. This allows you to continue navigat-

74

2. A window will appear listing the available
transitions for your destination airport. Turn
the small right knob to highlight the desired
transition waypoint and press ENT.

190-00356-00 Rev D

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Options

3. A second window will appear listing available

runways for the transition. Turn the small
right knob to highlight the desired runway
and press ENT.

4. With “Load?” highlighted, press ENT.

Select Departure

Select Departure? allows you to select a pub­lished standard instrument departure (SID) for the
departure airport, or replace the current departure
with a new selection. When using a direct-to, the
400W-series

will use the nearest airport

as a reference
when displaying available departures. See Sec 5 - Pro­cedures for information

on selecting departures using

the PROC key.

To select a departure for the departure airport:

1. Select the “Select Departure?” option from
the active flight plan page options and press

ENT.

Remove Approach, Arrival, or Departure

Remove Approach? deletes the currently selected
approach from the active flight plan. Remove Arrival?
deletes the current Arrival (STAR) from the active
flight plan. Remove Departure? deletes the current
departure (SID) from the active flight plan.

To remove an approach, arrival or departure from

the active flight plan:

1. Press MENU and turn the large right knob

to select the “Remove Approach?”, “Remove
Arrival?” or “Remove Departure?” option from
the active flight plan page options and press
ENT.

2. A confirmation window will appear listing
the procedure you are about to remove. With
“Yes?” highlighted, press ENT.

2. A window will appear listing the available
departures for your departure airport. Turn
the small right knob to select the desired
departure and press ENT.

3. A second window will appear listing available
transitions for the departure. Turn the small
right knob to highlight the desired transition
waypoint and press ENT.

4. With “Load?” highlighted, press ENT.

190-00356-00 Rev D

Closest Point of FPL

Closest Point of FPL? calculates the bearing and
closest distance that a flight plan will pass from a refer­ence waypoint. May also be used to create a new user
waypoint along the flight plan at the location closest to
the reference waypoint.

75

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

TO

WPT

FROM

WPT

North

BRG

Parallel Track Distance

Course

DTK

Offset

TO

WPT

Offset
FRO M

WPT

Active Flight Plan Options

To determine the closest point, along the active
flight plan, to a selected waypoint:

1. Select the “Closest Point of FPL?” option from
the active flight plan page options and press
ENT.

2. A window will appear with the reference
waypoint field highlighted. Use the small and
large right knobs to enter the identifier of the
reference waypoint and press ENT.

3. A confirmation window will appear for the
selected reference waypoint. Press ENT to
accept the waypoint.

4. The 400W-series will display the bearing (BRG)
and distance (DIST) to the closest point along
the flight plan, from the selected reference
waypoint. To create a user waypoint at this
location and add it to the flight plan, highlight
“Load?” and press ENT. The name for the new
user waypoint will be derived from the identi­fier of the reference waypoint.

Parallel Track

Parallel Track? allows you to create a parallel
course offset of 1 to 99 NM to the left or right of your
current flight plan. After setting a parallel track to your
current flight plan, a magenta parallel track line will be
drawn offset from the original by the selected distance.
The original course line will be drawn in white. The
aircraft will navigate to the parallel track course line.

When you reach the end of the flight plan, an
annunciator message will state “PTK END X S”. The
message will give the pilot sufficient time to intercept
the original course.

Points to remember with Parallel Track:

• Youmusthaveanactiveightplan

• Thecurrentlegmustsupportparalleltrack

• Parallel track is not allowed for the active leg of an

approach

• Paralleltrack is not allowed if the active leg is not a
track-to-fix or direct-to-fix leg

• Paralleltrackmaybeallowedbutnottheselected

offset distance

76

190-00356-00 Rev D

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Options

To set a parallel track to your flight plan.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan
Page Options window.

Select “Parallel Track?” to set a parallel track

to your current flight plan.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Parallel
Track?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the small and large right knobs to
set the Offset Distance value and then press

ENT.

Turn the small and large knobs to select the

parallel track distance from your current

flight plan.

To cancel a parallel track to your flight plan.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan
Page Options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Parallel
Track?” and press ENT.

3. “Cancel?” is highlighted. Press ENT.

Change Fields

Change Fields? allows you to select the desired

data items to display on the active flight plan page.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,
press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan
Page Options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight
“Change Fields?” and press ENT. The field
active for selection will flash. Turn the large
right knob to highlight the field to change.

4. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

Offset Direction.

5. Turn the small right knob to select the desired
Offset Direction and press ENT.

Turn the small and large knobs to select the

parallel track direction from your current

flight plan.

6. Activate? is highlighted. Press ENT to activate
the selected Parallel Track. Or, press CLR or the
CRSR to cancel Parallel Track selection.

190-00356-00 Rev D

3. Turn the small right knob to open the list of

selections and continue turning it to highlight
the desired selection and then press ENT.

Restore Defaults

Restore Defaults? returns the data items to fac-

tory defaults.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan
Page Options window.

2. Turn the small right knob to highlight
“Restore Defaults?” and then press ENT.

77

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Shortcuts

Shortcuts

A number of shortcuts are available to save time
when using the active flight plan page. These shortcuts
speed the process of removing approaches, departures,

This same process may also be used to remove

individual waypoints from the active flight plan.

To remove a waypoint using the CLR key:

1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press

and arrivals, and aid in selecting a specific flight plan
leg for navigation guidance.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

On the preceding page, options to remove
approaches, departures and arrivals were introduced.
This process may also be completed using the CLR

3. Press CLR to display a confirmation window.

key, as described below and illustrated at left.

To remove an approach, departure, or arrival
using the CLR key:

1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press

the small right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

title for the approach, departure or arrival you

4. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to remove

wish to delete. Titles will appear in light blue
directly above the procedure’s waypoints.

The “Activate Leg?” provides a shortcut that allows
you to specify which leg of the flight plan will cur­rently be used for navigation guidance, using the
direct-to key.

the small right knob to activate the cursor.

identifier for the waypoint you wish to delete.
Identifiers will appear in green text.

the selected procedure.

3. Press CLR to display a confirmation window.

4. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to remove

the selected procedure.

78

To activate a specific leg of the active flight plan:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the
cursor and turn the large right knob to high-
light the desired destination waypoint.

190-00356-00 Rev D

2. Press direct-to twice to display an “Activate

Leg” confirmation window.

3. With “Activate?” highlighted, press ENT.

When using instrument procedures, this feature
can be used not only to activate a specific point-to­point leg, but to also activate the procedure turn
portion of an approach, follow a DME arc or activate a
holding pattern.

Any approach, departure or arrival can be reviewed
on the appropriate airport page in the Waypoint page
group.

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Shortcuts

To review a procedure while viewing a flight plan
page:

1. With a flight plan page displayed, press the

small right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the
procedure header and press ENT to select the
WPT page group.

190-00356-00 Rev D

79

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Shortcuts

Flight Plan Transfer Feature (optional with software V 3.20 or later)

The Flight Plan Card feature is available for trans­ferring flight plans to the unit via a Garmin proprietary
data card. The flight plans may be created on a PC
using flight planning software that is compatible with
Garmin equipment (Jeppesen FliteStar is an example).
In addition to the flight planning software, it is neces­sary to purchase a flight plan transfer kit from Garmin.
The kit contains the required hardware (including a
blank data card and card programmer) and Garmin
software that must be installed on the PC. Up to 19
flight plans and 1,000 user waypoints, created using
the flight planning software, can be loaded on to a
data card via the PC software and then transferred to
the 500W Unit using the procedure described below.
The process can be repeated as many times as desired
using the same card with different flight plans and user
waypoints loaded. If additional data cards are desired,
they can be purchased from Garmin separately.

5. Turn the small right knob to select the

flight plan file to transfer and catalog
number to use. Turn the large right knob
to move between fields. Press ENT to con­firm selections and initiate transfers.

NOTE: Flight plans are not verified by Garmin,
it is the pilot’s responsibility to verify all flight
plans.

Using the Flight Plan Card to load flight plans into
the 400W Unit:

1. With the unit powered off, remove the Terrain
Card, located in the right slot.

2. Place the Flight Plan Card in the empty right
slot.

3. Apply power to the unit.

4. Once initialization has completed, the unit
will default to the third FPL page (this third
page only exists when the Flight Plan Card is
in use).

80

190-00356-00 Rev D

NOTE: If a user waypoint with the same name
already exists in the 500W and is more than 10
meters from the imported user waypoint, the
imported user waypoint will be automatically
renamed by adding a digit (0-9) to the end of the
waypoint’s name. Also, a message will appear
to inform the user that a waypoint has been
renamed.

NOTE: Flight plan files that contain only user
waypoints (with no flight plan route) may be
transferred. In this case, only the user waypoints
will be transferred and no flight plans will be
modified. A message will appear to indicate this.

6. Once all flight plans have been loaded, power
off the unit.

7. Remove the Flight Plan Card from the right card
slot and place the Terrain Card back into the
empty card slot.

NOTE: The Flight Plan Card is only to be used on
the ground. It must be removed prior to flight.

8. Apply power to the unit.

9. To activate a newly transferred flight plan, refer
to Section Four “Activating Flight Plans.”

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

190-00356-00 Rev D

81

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Blank Page

82

190-00356-00 Rev D

Section 5 - Procedures -

Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals

The 400W-series unit allows you to fly non-preci­sion and precision approaches to airports with pub­lished instrument approach procedures. All available
approaches are stored on your Jeppesen NavData
and are automatically updated when you replace the
card with a new one. Subscription information for Nav­Data cards is included in your 400W-series package.

The Procedures Page is displayed by pressing the
PROC key. The Procedures Page provides direct access
to approaches, departures and arrivals — based upon
the active flight plan or direct-to destination. In either
case, the departure and destination airports must have
published procedures associated with them.

To select an approach, departure or arrival:

1. Press the PROC key to display the procedures page.

®

card,

5 - PROCEDURES

Approaches/Departures/Arrivals

4. A second window will appear listing the avail-

able transitions. Turn the large right knob to
highlight the desired transition waypoint and
press ENT. (The approach “Vectors” option
assumes you will receive vectors to the final
course segment of the approach and will pro­vide navigation guidance relative to the final
approach course.)

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Select

Approach?”, “Select Departure?” or “Select
Arrival?” and press ENT.

3. A window will appear listing the available pro-

cedures. Turn the large right knob to highlight
the desired procedure and press ENT. (When
a direct-to destination is selected, departures
are offered for the nearest airport.)

190-00356-00 Rev D

5. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Load?”

or “Activate?” (approaches only) and press
ENT. “Load?” will add the procedure to the
flight plan without immediately using it for nav­igation guidance. This allows you to continue
navigating the original flight plan, but keeps
the procedure available on the active flight plan
page for quick activation when needed to later
activate a departure or arrival.

6. For precision approaches and some non­precision approaches, a reminder window
will appear indicating that GPS guidance on
such approaches is strictly for monitoring only
— use the VLOC receivers and external CDI
(or HSI) for primary navigation. To confirm this
reminder, highlight “Yes?” and press ENT.

83

5 - PROCEDURES

Activating Approaches

Not all approaches in the database

are approved for GPS use. As you

G

P

select an approach, a “

” designa-

S

tion to the right of the procedure
name indicates the procedure can be flown using
the GPS receiver. Some procedures will not have
this designation, meaning the GPS receiver may be
used for supplemental navigation guidance only. ILS
approaches, for example, must be flown by tuning the
VLOC receiver to the proper frequency and coupling
the VLOC receiver to the external CDI (or HSI).

Once an approach is selected, it may be activated
for navigation from the procedures page. Activating the
approach overrides the “en route” portion of the active
flight plan, proceeding directly to the “approach”
portion (for a full approach, directly to the initial
approach fix). Activating the approach also initiates
automatic CDI scaling transition as the approach
progresses.

To activate an approach:

1. Press the PROC key to display the procedures

page.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Acti­vate Approach?” and press ENT.

approach while still some distance away, en route to
the destination airport. Later, if vectored to final, use
the steps above to select “Activate Vectors-To-Final”—
which makes the inbound course to the FAF waypoint
active. Otherwise, activate the full approach using the
”Activate Approach?” option.

flown using the PROC key, prior to reaching the MAP
a Restart Approach confirmation window appears on
the screen. If you have passed the MAP, the 400W­series unit proceeds to the transition waypoint without
a restart confirmation.

To activate the approach, with vectors to final:

1. Press the PROC key to display the procedures

page.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Acti­vate Vector-To-Final?” and press ENT.

In many cases, it may be easiest to “Load” the full

If you reactivate the approach currently being

Another procedures page option allows you to
activate the final course segment of the approach. This
option assumes you will receive vectors to the final
approach course and guides you to intercept the final
course, before reaching the FAF.

84

190-00356-00 Rev D

5 - PROCEDURES

Basic Approach Operations

Basic Approach Operations

The 400W series provides precision vertical guid­ance and non-precision advisory guidance using its
built in GPS receiver. The moving map pages can also
be used as a supplemental aid to situational awareness
for ILS, VOR, and NDB approaches (and non-preci­sion localizer-based approaches), but the appropriate
navigational aid MUST be used for primary approach
course guidance.

Approaches designed specifically for GPS are often
very simple and don’t require overflying a VOR or
NDB. Currently, many non-precision approaches have
“GPS overlays” to let you fly an existing procedure
(VOR, VOR/DME, NDB, RNAV, etc.) more accurately
using GPS. To date, there are over 2,400 GPS-only
approaches and over 2,900 GPS overlay approaches
worldwide.

Many overlay approaches are more complex (in
comparison to GPS-only approaches). The 400W­series unit displays and guides you through each leg
of the approach — automatically sequencing through
each of these legs, up to the missed approach point
(MAP). Approaches may be flown “as published” with
the full transition — using any published feeder route
or initial approach fix (IAF) — or may be flown with a
vectors-to-final transition.

Flight mode annunciations are provided in the
lower left corner of the display indicating the current
mode of flight.

Annunciation Description

LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical guid-

ance (LPV) approach. Fly to LPV minimums.
A yellow background indicates that the ap­proach is safe to continue but a downgrade
to LNAV may occur.

L/VNAV Lateral Navigation and Vertical Navigation

(LNAV/VNAV) approach. Fly to LNAV/VNAV
minimums.

LNAV+V Non-precision GPS approach with advisory

vertical guidance. Note that some LNAV/
VNAV approaches are not yet marked in
the database as such and will show up as
LNAV+V. If the chart shows the approach as
LNAV/VNAV, it can be flown to LNAV/VNAV
minimums.

LNAV Lateral Navigation approach. Fly to LNAV

minimums.

MAPR Missed Approach indicates the system is

providing missed approach integrity and CDI
full-scale deflection ±0.3 NM.

ENR En route, CDI full-scale deflection is 2.0 NM

or current CDI scale selection, whichever is
smaller.

TERM Terminal, CDI full-scale deflection is 1.0 NM

or current CDI scale selection, whichever is
smaller.

DPRT Departure, indicates the system is using

non-precision approach integrity. HAL = 0.3
and CDI full-scale deflection is 0.3 NM.

OCN Oceanic, CDI full-scale deflection is 2.0 NM.

LOW ALT

(lower window)

For LNAV+V, LNAV/VNAV, or LPV ap­proaches, the LOW ALT annunciation
indicates the aircraft’s estimated height is
lower than the Final Approach Waypoint
height by more than the current VPL plus 50
meters. This annunciation will not be active
when Terrain is operational.

190-00356-00 Rev D

85

5 - PROCEDURES

Procedure Turn Approach

Approach operations on the 400W-series will typi­cally begin with the same basic steps:

Select Destination

“Select” and “Load” the
approach

“Activate” the approach

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

1. Select the destination airport using the direct­to key, or as the last waypoint in the active

flight plan.

2. Choose the “Select Approach?” option from
the procedures page or from the active flight
plan options.

3. “Load” the approach (often while en route) in
anticipation of its future use. This places the
approach in the active flight plan, but retains
course guidance in the en route section until
the approach is “activated”.

4. “Activate” the full approach or vectors-to-final,
as appropriate. In some scenarios, you may find
it more convenient to immediately activate the
approach and skip the “Load” process outlined
above in step #3. The 400W-series provides
both options.

86

Approaches with Procedure Turns

The procedure turn portion of an approach is
stored as one of the legs of the approach. For this
reason, the 400W-series requires no special operations
from the pilot — other than flying the procedure turn
itself — beyond what is required for any other type of
approach.

This example uses the VOR Runway 04 GPS
approach for Lynchburg (Virginia) Regional Airport,
KLYH, and assumes a departure from Frederick (Mary­land) Municipal Airport, KFDK. The steps required to
set up and fly the approach are detailed below:

1. Prior to departing KFDK, the destination (KLYH)

is selected using the direct-to key or by cre­ating a flight plan terminating at Lynchburg
Regional.

2. While en route to KLYH, some 40-50 NM
away, you select the ATIS frequency to monitor
airport conditions and runway usage. This is
accomplished by selecting the NAVCOM page
and selecting the ATIS frequency from the list.
This places the frequency on standby. Use the
COM flip-flop key to make the ATIS frequency
active.

3. From ATIS you learn that runway 04 is in use
and plan your approach accordingly. Press
the PROC key and select the “VOR 04-GPS”
approach. From the transitions window, select
LYH VOR (the IAF). Also, select “Load?” to load
(but not activate) the approach.

190-00356-00 Rev D

4. Once you are cleared for the approach, press

[RW04]

the PROC key, select “Activate Approach?”
and press ENT.

5 - PROCEDURES

Procedure Turn Approach

Flying the Procedure Turn

1. Within 31 NM of the destination airport, the
400W-series will switch from “en route”
mode to “terminal” mode (as indicated in the
lower left corner of the screen). The switch to
terminal mode is accompanied by a gradual
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) scale transi­tion from 2.0 to 1.0 NM, full scale deflection.
(See example below)

Lynchburg (VA) Regional

VOR or GPS Rwy 04





DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION



2. Several miles prior to reaching the IAF (LYH),
you may wish to review the approach sequence.
Press the FPL key to display the active flight
plan page. Press the small right knob, and
then turn the large right knob to review each
segment of the approach. When finished, press
FPL again to return to the previous page.

190-00356-00 Rev D

87

5 - PROCEDURES

RW04

31 nm

Procedure Turn Approach

3. As you approach the IAF (LYH), a waypoint alert
(“LT TO 205° x S”) will appear in the lower right
corner of the screen. As the distance (DIS) to
the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replaced
by a turn advisory (“LT TO 205° NOW”). The
unit will guide you automatically, or you can
dial the outbound course of 205° into the CDI
(or HSI) using the OBS knob and initiate a
standard rate turn to this course heading.

4. Fly the outbound course, keeping the CDI
needle centered.

5. Once you have flown approximately one minute
past the FAF (LYH), the alert message “
160° x S

” will appear in the lower right corner
of the screen. The unit will sequence to the
inbound leg when established inbound.

NOTE:

You may manually perform any type of
procedure turn in accordance with the AIM and
the charted procedure. However, the unit displays
a map of, and provides roll steering for, a 45/180
procedure turn. If you manually complete the
entire procedure turn prior to the unit’s initial
outbound turn alert, software versions prior to

3.20 may sequence to the inbound leg but enter
SUSP mode. In that case, press the OBS key to
resume automatic sequencing.









LT TO

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

6. Turn left to a heading of 160° to initiate the
procedure turn. Course guidance is provided
relative to the outbound leg from the FAF. (The
procedure turn is displayed on the map page
and indicated as the active leg on the default
NAV and active flight plan pages.) The CDI
needle will start moving to the right.

88

190-00356-00 Rev D

5 - PROCEDURES

RW04

Procedure Turn Approach

7. After approximately one minute, make a 180°
right turn to a heading of 340° to intercept
the inbound course. The unit will sequence to
the inbound leg to the FAF, the CDI needle will
swing to the opposite side to provide proper
sensing along the final course segment and
“DTK 025° NOW” will appear in the lower
right corner of the screen.

8. As the CDI needle starts to center, make a right
turn to 025°—the final approach course.

9. When within 45° of the final approach course
and the FAF is the TO waypoint, the 400W-series
unit switches fr o m terminal mode to
“approach” mode. CDI scaling is tightened from

1.0 NM full scale deflection to either 0.3 NM
or 2° full scale deflection whichever is less at
the FAF. The change occurs over 2 NM and is
completed by the FAF.

10. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint alert in
the lower right corner (“NEXT DTK 025°”)
will appear. Make any course adjustments
necessary for the final course segment (FAF to
MAP).

11. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences
to the MAP (“RW03”, the runway threshold).
With the needle centered, fly toward the MAP,
observing the altitude minimums dictated by
the approach plate.

12. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert

13. As you cross the MAP, “SUSP” will appear

190-00356-00 Rev D

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION











NOTE: When viewing the map page, note that the final
course segment is displayed in magenta (the active leg
of the flight plan always appears in magenta) and a
dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP. The
dashed line is provided for situational awareness only
and should NOT be used for navigation. Follow the
published missed approach procedures.

(“ARRIVING WPT”) will appear in the lower
right corner.

above the OBS key, indicating that automatic
sequencing of approach waypoints will be sus-

89

5 - PROCEDURES

RW04

Missed Approach

pended at the MAP. A “from” indication will
be displayed on the CDI and default NAV page,
but course guidance along the final approach

The OBS key is used to initiate the missed approach,

as follows:

1. After commencing the published missed

course will continue. If a missed approach is
required, use the OBS key to initiate the missed
approach sequence.

Flying the Missed Approach

After you pass the MAP, if the runway isn’t in sight
you must execute a missed approach. The 400W-series
continues to give guidance along an extension of the final
course segment (FAF to MAP) until you manually initiate
the missed approach procedure (as mentioned previously
in reference to the “SUSP” advisory).



approach procedure, and after the SUSP
annunciator has appeared, press the OBS key
to sequence to the first waypoint in the missed
approach procedure. This will simultaneously

result in several changes:
a. SUSP annunciation will extinguish.
b. The first waypoint in the missed approach

procedure will be sequenced.

c. The current approach annunciation (LPV,

L/NAV, LNAV+V or LNAV) will be replaced
with either MAPR or TERM, depending
on the design of the approach. Normally,
MAPR will be annunciated for missed
approach procedures in which the first leg
is a climb straight ahead to a waypoint,
whereas TERM will be annunciated for
missed approach procedures requiring a
turn.



d. CDI scaling will change to ±0.3 NM full

scale deflection if MAPR is annunciated,



or ±1.0 NM if TERM is annunciated.

e. The “FROM” indicator will change to a



DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

NOTE: It is the pilot’s responsibility for initial
missed approach guidance in accordance with
published procedure. The unit may not provide
correct guidance until established on a defined
leg.

90

190-00356-00 Rev D

2. An alert message in the lower right hand corner

“TO” indication.

NOTE: In some cases, an additional hold way-

point is added to the missed approach sequence.

This additional waypoint is used as an aid in

establishing the holding pattern—

especially where the MAP and MAHP are the

same waypoint.

of the screen will recommend entry procedures

for the holding pattern (i.e., “HOLD DIRECT”,

“HOLD PARALLEL”, or “HOLD TEARDROP”).