Garmin G1000:Beechcraft Baron 58/G58, G1000:Beechcraft Bonanza, G1000 User Manual
Hawker Beechcraft
C90A/GT
Copyright © 2007 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 0636.00 or later for the Hawker Beechctaft C90A/GT. Some differences in
operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions.
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Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282
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Tel: 886/02.2642.9199 Fax: 886/02.2642.9099
Website Address: www.garmin.com
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and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.
Garmin® is a registered trademark of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries, and G1000® is a trademark of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. These
trademarks may not be used without the express permission of Garmin.
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®
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is a registered trademark of Jeppesen, Inc.; and XM® is a registered trademark of XM Satellite Radio,
Inc..
September 2007 Printed in the U.S.A.
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. A
LIMITED WARRANTY
LIMITED WARRANTY
This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the date of purchase. Within this
period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made
at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty
does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident, or unauthorized alterations or repairs.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO
STATE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER
RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not
allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.
Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software, or to offer a full refund of the purchase price, at its sole
discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.
To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance in locating a Service Center near you, visit
the Garmin Website at “http://www.garmin.com” or contact Garmin Customer Service at 800-800-1020.
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
i
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES
WARNING:
Navigation and terrain separation must NOT be predicated upon the use of the terrain function.
The G1000 Terrain Proximity feature is NOT intended to be used as a primary reference for terrain avoidance
and does not relieve the pilot from the responsibility of being aware of surroundings during flight. The
Terrain Proximity feature is only to be used as an aid for terrain avoidance and is not certified for use
in applications requiring a certified terrain awareness system. Terrain data is obtained from third party
sources. Garmin is not able to independently verify the accuracy of the terrain data.
WARNING:
The displayed minimum safe altitudes (MSAs) are only advisory in nature and should not be
relied upon as the sole source of obstacle and terrain avoidance information. Always refer to current
aeronautical charts for appropriate minimum clearance altitudes.
WARNING:
The altitude calculated by G1000 GPS receivers is geometric height above Mean Sea Level and
could vary significantly from the altitude displayed by pressure altimeters, such as the GDC 74A Air Data
Computer, or other altimeters in aircraft. GPS altitude should never be used for vertical navigation. Always
use pressure altitude displayed by the G1000 PFD or other pressure altimeters in aircraft.
WARNING:
Do not use outdated database information. Databases used in the G1000 system must be updated
regularly in order to ensure that the information remains current. Pilots using any outdated database do so
entirely at their own risk.
WARNING:
Do not use basemap (land and water data) information for primary navigation. Basemap data is
intended only to supplement other approved navigation data sources and should be considered as an aid to
enhance situational awareness.
WARNING:
Traffic information shown on the G1000 Multi Function Display is provided as an aid in visually
acquiring traffic. Pilots must maneuver the aircraft based only upon ATC guidance or positive visual
acquisition of conflicting traffic.
WARNING:
Use of the Stormscope is not intended for hazardous weather penetration (thunderstorm
penetration). Stormscope information, as displayed on the G1000 MFD, is to be used only for weather
avoidance, not penetration.
WARNING:
GDL 69 Weather should not be used for hazardous weather penetration. Weather information
provided by the GDL 69 is approved only for weather avoidance, not penetration.
WARNING:
NEXRAD weather data is to be used for long-range planning purposes only. Due to inherent
delays in data transmission and the relative age of the data, NEXRAD weather data should not be used for
short-range weather avoidance.
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. Aii
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES
WARNING:
The Garmin G1000, as installed in the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT aircraft, has a very high
degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that providing monitoring and/or selftest capability for all conceivable system failures is not practical. Although unlikely, it may be possible for
erroneous operation to occur without a fault indication shown by the G1000. It is thus the responsibility
of the pilot to detect such an occurrence by means of cross-checking with all redundant or correlated
information available in the cockpit.
WARNING:
WARNING:
For safety reasons, G1000 operational procedures must be learned on the ground.
The United States government operates the Global Positioning System and is solely responsible
for its accuracy and maintenance. The GPS system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy
and performance of all GPS equipment. Portions of the Garmin G1000 utilize GPS as a precision electronic
NAVigation AID (NAVAID). Therefore, as with all NAVAIDs, information presented by the G1000 can be
misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe.
WARNING:
To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of the G1000
Pilot’s Guide documentation and the G1000 Integrated Avionics System and GFC 700 AFCS in Hawker
Beechcraft C90A and C90GT King Air Airplane Flight Manual. Thoroughly practice basic operation prior to
actual use. During flight operations, carefully compare indications from the G1000 to all available navigation
sources, including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety purposes,
always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.
WARNING
:
The illustrations in this guide are only examples. Never use the G1000 to attempt to penetrate
a thunderstorm. Both the FAA Advisory Circular, Subject: Thunderstorms, and the Aeronautical Information
Manual (AIM) recommend avoiding “by at least 20 miles any thunderstorm identified as severe or giving an
intense radar echo.”
WARNING:
Lamp(s) inside this product may contain mercury (HG) and must be recycled or disposed of
according to local, state, or federal laws. For more information, refer to our website at www.garmin.com/
aboutGarmin/environment/disposal.jsp.
WARNING:
Because of anomalies in the earth’s magnetic field, operating the G1000 within the following
areas could result in loss of reliable attitude and heading indications. North of 70° North latitude and south
of 70° South latitude. An area north of 65° North latitude between longitude 75º West and 120º West. An
area south of 55° South latitude between longitude 120º East and 165º East.
CAUTION:
The PFD and MFD displays use a lens coated with a special anti-reflective coating that is very
sensitive to skin oils, waxes, and abrasive cleaners. CLEANERS CONTAINING AMMONIA WILL HARM THE
ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING. It is very important to clean the lens using a clean, lint-free cloth and an
eyeglass lens cleaner that is specified as safe for anti-reflective coatings.
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
iii
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES
CAUTION:
The Garmin G1000 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by
an authorized Garmin service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void both the warranty
and the pilot’s authority to operate this device under FAA/FCC regulations.
NOTE:
When using Stormscope, there are several atmospheric phenomena in addition to nearby thunderstorms
that can cause isolated discharge points in the strike display mode. However, clusters of two or more
discharge points in the strike display mode do indicate thunderstorm activity if these points reappear after
the screen has been cleared.
NOTE:
All visual depictions contained within this document, including screen images of the G1000 panel and
displays, are subject to change and may not reflect the most current G1000 system and aviation databases.
Depictions of equipment may differ slightly from the actual equipment.
NOTE
:
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
NOTE
:
Interference from GPS repeaters operating inside nearby hangars can cause an intermittent loss of
attitude and heading displays while the aircraft is on the ground. Moving the aircraft more than 100 yards
away from the source of the interference should alleviate the condition.
NOTE
:
Use of polarized eyewear may cause the flight displays to appear dim or blank.
NOTE
:
This product, its packaging, and its components contain chemicals known to the State of California
to cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm. This notice is being provided in accordance with
California’s Proposition 65. If you have any questions or would like additional information, please refer to
our web site at www.garmin.com/prop65.
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. Aiv
Record of Revisions
REVISION INFORMATION
Part Number
190-00663-00 A 9/21/07 i – I-6 Initial Release
Revision Date Page Range Description
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.1 System Description ..............................................1-1
1.2 Line Replaceable Units (LRU) ..............................1-2
1.3 G1000 Controls .....................................................1-7
PFD Controls .............................................................1-7
Controls Associated With the MFD ..............................1-9
AFCS Controls ......................................................... 1-10
Audio Panel Controls ...............................................1-12
1.4 Secure Digital Cards ..........................................1-14
1.5 System Power-up ................................................1-14
1.6 System Operation ...............................................1-16
Normal Operation ....................................................1-16
Reversionary Mode .................................................. 1-16
AHRS Operation ......................................................1-17
G1000 System Annunciations ...................................1-19
Softkey Function ......................................................1-20
GPS Receiver Operation ...........................................1-25
1.7 Accessing G1000 Functionality ........................1-29
Menus ....................................................................1-29
MFD Page Groups .................................................... 1-30
MFD System Pages ..................................................1-34
1.8 Display Backlighting .......................................... 1-48
SECTION 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
2.1 Flight Instruments ................................................ 2-4
Airspeed Indicator .....................................................2-4
Attitude Indicator ......................................................2-7
Altimeter ..................................................................2-9
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) ....................................2-11
Vertical Deviation ....................................................2-12
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) ...........................2-13
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) ...............................2-18
2.2 Supplemental Flight Data .................................2-26
Temperature Displays ...............................................2-26
Wind Data ..............................................................2-27
Vertical Navigation (VNV) Indications ........................2-28
2.3 PFD Annunciations and Alerting Functions .....
G1000 Alerting system .............................................2-29
Marker Beacon Annunciations .................................. 2-31
Traffic Annunciation .................................................2-31
TAWS Annunciations (Optional) ................................2-32
2-29
Altitude Alerting ......................................................2-32
Low Altitude Annunciation .......................................2-33
Minimum Descent Altitude/Decision Height Alerting ...2-33
2.4 Abnormal Operations ........................................
Abnormal GPS Conditions ........................................2-35
Unusual Attitudes ....................................................2-36
2-35
SECTION 3 ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM
3.1 EIS Display ............................................................. 3-2
Interstage Turbine Temperature ...................................3-4
Torque ......................................................................3-4
Tachometer (rpm) ...................................................... 3-5
Turbine Speed ...........................................................3-6
Fuel Flow ..................................................................3-6
Oil Pressure ...............................................................3-7
Oil Temperature .........................................................3-7
3.2 EIS Display in Reversionary Mode ......................
Reversionary Display ..................................................3-9
3-8
SECTION 4 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS
4.1 Overview ...............................................................4-1
Audio Panel Volume Control .......................................4-1
PFD Controls and Frequency Display ............................4-2
Audio Panel Controls .................................................4-4
4.2 COM Operation .....................................................4-6
COM Transceiver Selection and Activation ....................4-6
COM Transceiver Manual Tuning .................................4-7
Quick-Tuning and Activating 121.500 MHz ...................4-8
Auto-Tuning the COM Frequency .................................4-9
Frequency Spacing ...................................................4-14
Automatic Squelch ................................................... 4-15
Volume ...................................................................4-15
4.3 NAV Operation ....................................................4-16
NAV Radio Selection and Activation ..........................4-16
NAV Receiver Manual Tuning ....................................4-17
Auto-Tuning a NAV Frequency from the MFD ............. 4-19
Marker Beacon Receiver ...........................................4-24
4.4 GTX 33 Mode S Transponders ...........................4-26
Transponder Controls ...............................................4-26
Transponder Mode Selection .....................................4-27
Entering a Transponder Code ....................................4-30
IDENT Function .......................................................4-31
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. Avi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.5 Additional Audio Panel Functions ....................4-32
Power-Up ................................................................4-32
Mono/Stereo Headsets .............................................4-32
Speaker ..................................................................4-32
Unmuted Inputs ......................................................4-32
Intercom ................................................................. 4-33
Passenger Address (PA) System .................................4-34
Simultaneous COM Operation ................................... 4-34
Clearance Recorder and Player ..................................4-35
4.6 Audio Panels Preflight Procedure .....................4-36
4.7 Abnormal Operation ..........................................4-38
Stuck Microphone ....................................................4-38
COM Tuning Failure ..................................................4-38
PFD Failure, Dual System ..........................................4-39
Audio Panel Fail-Safe Operation ................................ 4-40
Reversionary Mode .................................................. 4-40
SECTION 5 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
5.1 Introduction ..........................................................5-1
Navigation Status Box ................................................5-3
5.2 Using Map Displays ..............................................5-4
Map Orientation ........................................................5-4
Map Range ...............................................................5-6
Map Panning .............................................................5-9
Measuring Bearing and Distance ...............................5-14
Topography .............................................................5-15
Map Symbols ..........................................................5-18
Airways ..................................................................5-24
Track Vector ............................................................5-26
Wind Vector ............................................................5-27
Nav Range Ring ......................................................5-28
Fuel Range Ring ......................................................5-29
5.3 Waypoints ............................................................5-30
Airports ..................................................................5-31
Intersections ...........................................................5-37
NDBs ......................................................................5-39
VORs ......................................................................5-41
User Waypoints .......................................................5-43
5.4 Airspaces .............................................................
5-48
5.5 Direct-to-Navigation .........................................5-53
5.6 Flight Planning .................................................... 5-59
Flight Plan Creation ................................................. 5-60
Adding Waypoints To An Existing Flight Plan ..............5-63
Adding Airways to a Flight Plan ................................5-65
Adding Procedures To A Stored Flight Plan .................5-68
Flight Plan Storage ..................................................5-74
Flight Plan Editing ...................................................5-77
Along Track Offsets ..................................................5-80
Parallel Track ...........................................................5-82
Activating a Flight Plan Leg ......................................5-85
Inverting a Flight Plan .............................................. 5-86
Flight Plan Views .....................................................5-87
Closest Point of FPL ................................................. 5-89
5.7 Vertical Navigation ............................................
Altitude Constraints ................................................. 5-92
5-90
5.8 Procedures ..........................................................5-96
Departures .............................................................. 5-96
Arrivals ..................................................................5-99
Approaches ..........................................................5-101
5.9 Trip Planning .....................................................
Trip Planning ......................................................... 5-107
Weight Planning ....................................................5-111
Weight Caution And Warning Conditions .................5-113
5-107
5.10 RAIM Prediction ...............................................5-114
5.11 Navigating a Flight Plan ..................................5-118
5.12 Abnormal Operation ........................................ 5-145
SECTION 6 HAZARD AVOIDANCE
6.1 XM Satellite Weather ...........................................6-2
Activating XM Satellite Services ..................................6-2
Using XM SATELLITE Weather Products ........................6-4
Weather Softkeys on the Weather Data Link Page ......... 6-7
6.2 Airborne Color Weather Radar .........................6-29
System Description ..................................................6-29
Principles of Pulsed Airborne Weather Radar ..............6-29
Safe Operating Distance ...........................................6-34
Basic Antenna Tilt Setup ...........................................6-34
Weather Mapping and Interpretation ........................6-36
Ground Mapping and Interpretation ..........................6-49
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Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.3 Stormscope WX-500 Series II (Optional) .........6-50
Setting Up Stormscope on the Navigation Map ..........6-50
Selecting the Stormscope Page .................................6-54
6.4 Terrain Awareness & Warning System (TAWS) 6-57
Displaying TAWS Data ..............................................6-58
TAWS Page .............................................................6-60
TAWS Alerts ............................................................6-62
System Status .......................................................... 6-70
6.5 Traffic Information Service (TIS) .......................6-71
Traffic Map Page ......................................................6-75
TIS Alerts ................................................................6-76
System Status .......................................................... 6-77
6.6 L-3 Skywatch HP (SKY899) TAS (Optional) ......6-80
TAS Symbology ........................................................6-80
Operation ...............................................................6-81
Altitude Display .......................................................6-84
Traffic Map Page Display Range ................................6-84
TAS Alerts ...............................................................6-86
System Status .......................................................... 6-86
Low Bank Mode ......................................................7-25
Navigation Mode (GPS, VOR, LOC) ............................7-27
Approach Mode (GPS, VAPP, LOC) .............................7-29
Backcourse Mode (BC) .............................................7-31
7.5 Autopilot and Yaw Damper Operation ............7-32
Flight Control ..........................................................7-32
Engagement ............................................................ 7-33
Control Wheel Steering ............................................7-33
Disengagement ....................................................... 7-34
7.6 Example Flight Plan ...........................................7-35
Departure ...............................................................7-36
Intercepting a VOR Radial .........................................7-38
Flying a Flight Plan/GPS Course ................................7-39
Descent ..................................................................7-40
Approach ................................................................7-44
Go Around/Missed Approach ....................................7-46
7.7 AFCS Annunciations and Alerts ........................7-48
AFCS Status Alerts ................................................... 7-48
Overspeed Protection ...............................................7-49
SECTION 7 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
7.1 AFCS Overview .....................................................7-1
Additional AFCS Controls ...........................................7-3
7.2 Flight Director Operation .................................... 7-4
Activating the Flight Director ......................................7-4
AFCS Status Box ........................................................ 7-5
Flight Director Modes ................................................. 7-6
Switching Flight Directors ...........................................7-6
Command Bars ..........................................................7-7
7.3 Vertical Modes ...................................................... 7-8
Pitch Hold Mode (PIT) ................................................ 7-9
Selected Altitude Capture Mode (ALTS) ......................7-10
Altitude Hold Mode (ALT) .........................................7-11
Vertical Speed Mode (VS) .........................................7-12
Flight Level Change Mode (FLC) ................................7-13
Vertical Navigation Modes (VPTH, ALTV) ....................7-15
Glidepath Mode (GP) ...............................................7-21
Glideslope Mode (GS) .............................................. 7-22
Takeoff (TO) and Go Around (GA) Modes ...................7-23
7.4 Lateral Modes ..................................................... 7-24
Roll Hold Mode (ROL) ..............................................7-25
SECTION 8 ADDITIONAL FEATURES
8.1 SafeTaxi .................................................................8-1
SafeTaxi Cycle Number and Revision ...........................8-4
8.2 ChartView .............................................................. 8-7
ChartView Softkeys .................................................... 8-7
Terminal Procedures Charts ........................................8-8
Chart Options ..........................................................8-18
Day/Night View .......................................................8-24
ChartView Cycle Number and Expiration Date ............ 8-26
8.3 FliteCharts ........................................................... 8-30
FliteCharts Softkeys .................................................8-30
Terminal Procedures Charts ......................................8-31
Chart Options ..........................................................8-39
Day/Night View .......................................................8-43
FliteCharts Cycle Number and Expiration Date ............ 8-45
8.4 XM Radio Entertainment (Optional) ................8-49
Activating XM Satellite Radio Services .......................8-49
Using XM Radio ......................................................8-51
8.5 Scheduler ............................................................. 8-55
8.6 Abnormal Operation ..........................................8-57
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. Aviii
APPENDICES
Annunciations and Alerts ..............................................A-1
Comparator Annunciations .........................................A-4
Reversionary Sensor Annunciations .............................A-5
G1000 System Annunciations .....................................A-5
G1000 System Message Advisories ..............................A-8
AFCS Alerts .............................................................A-20
TAWS ALERTS ..........................................................A-21
Other G1000 Aural Alerts .........................................A-22
SD Card Use ....................................................................
Jeppesen Databases ...................................................B-1
Garmin Databases .....................................................B-2
B-1
Glossary ...........................................................................C-1
Frequently Asked Questions .........................................D-1
Map Symbols ..................................................................E-1
INDEX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Index ................................................................................ I-1
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BLANK PAGE
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. Ax
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This section provides an overview of the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck as installed in the Hawker Beechcraft
C90A/GT. The G1000 system is an integrated flight control system that presents flight instrumentation, position,
navigation, communication, and identification information to the pilot through large-format displays. The system
consists of the following Line Replaceable Units (LRUs):
•
GDU 1040A
•
GDU 1500
•
GIA 63W
•
GDC 74B
•
GEA 71
Primary Flight Display (PFD)
Multi Function Display (MFD)
Integrated Avionics Unit
Air Data Computer (ADC)
Engine/Airframe Unit
•
GTX 33
•
GDL 69A
•
GWX 68
•
GCU 475
•
GMC 710
Mode S Transponder
Satellite Data Link Receiver
Weather Radar
MFD Control Unit
AFCS Control Unit
•
GRS 77
(AHRS)
•
GMU 44
•
GMA 1347D
Marker Beacon Receiver
A top-level G1000 system block diagram is shown in Figure 1-1 (it does not include the GSM 85A).
In the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT, the GFC 700 Automated Flight Control System (AFCS) provides the flight
director (FD), autopilot (AP), and yaw damper (YD) functions of the G1000 system.
Attitude and Heading Reference System
Magnetometer
Dual Audio System with Integrated
NOTE:
Refer to the AFCS section for details on the GFC 700 AFCS.
•
GTP 59
•
GSA 80
•
GSM 85A
Outside Air Temperature (OAT) Probe
and
GSA 81
Servo Gearboxes
AFCS Servos
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
1-1
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.2 LINE REPLACEABLE UNITS (LRU)
•
GDU 1040A
The unit installed on the left/pilot side is designated as PFD1, and the one installed on the right/copilot side
is designated as PFD2. These units communicate with each other, the MFD, and with the on-side GIA 63W
Integrated Avionics Unit through a High-Speed Data Bus (HSDB) connection.
•
GDU 1500
is linked to both PFDs via HSDB connection.
(2) – Each unit is configured as a PFD that features a 10.4-inch LCD with 1024 x 768 resolution.
(1) – Features a 15-inch LCD with 1024 x 768 resolution and is configured as an MFD. This unit
•
GIA 63W
GIA 63W contains a GPS WAAS receiver, VHF COM/NAV/GS receivers, a flight director (FD) and system
integration microprocessors. Each GIA 63W is paired with the on-side PFD via HSDB connection. The GIA
63Ws are not paired together and do not communicate with each other directly.
1-2
(2) – Functions as the main communication hub, linking all LRUs with the on-side PFD. Each
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. A
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
•
GDC 74B
pressure altitude, airspeed, vertical speed and OAT information to the G1000 system, and it communicates
with the on-side GIA 63W, on-side GDU 1040A and on-side GRS 77, using an ARINC 429 digital interface
(it also interfaces directly with the on-side GTP 59). The GDC 74B is designed to operate in Reduced Vertical
Separation Minimum (RVSM) airspace.
•
GEA 71
with both GIA 63Ws using an RS-485 digital interface.
(2) – Processes data from the pitot/static system as well as the OAT probe. This unit provides
(2) – Receives and processes signals from the engine and airframe sensors. This unit communicates
•
GRS 77
(2) – Provides aircraft attitude and heading information via ARINC 429 to both the on-side GDU
1040A and the on-side GIA 63W. The GRS 77 contains advanced sensors (including accelerometers and rate
sensors) and interfaces with the on-side GMU 44 to obtain magnetic field information, with the GDC 74B to
obtain air data, and with both GIA 63Ws to obtain GPS information. AHRS modes of operation are discussed
later in this document.
•
GMU 44
(2) – Measures local magnetic field. Data is sent to the GRS 77 for processing to determine aircraft
magnetic heading. This unit receives power directly from the GRS 77 and communicates with the GRS 77,
using an RS-485 digital interface.
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
1-3
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
•
GMA 1347D
installed in dual configuration on the outboard side of PFD1 and PFD2. This unit also enables the manual
control of the display reversionary mode (red
GIA 63W, using an RS-232 digital interface.
•
GTX 33
controlled from either PFD, and only one transponder can be active at a time. Each transponder communicates
with the on-side GIA 63W through an RS-232 digital interface.
(2) – Integrates NAV/COM digital audio, intercom system and marker beacon controls, and is
DISPLAY BACKUP
button) and communicates with the on-side
(2) – Solid-state transponders that provide Modes A, C and S capability. Both transponders can be
•
GDL 69A
(1) – A satellite radio receiver that provides real-time weather information to the G1000 MFD (and,
indirectly, to the inset map of the PFD) as well as digital audio entertainment. The GDL 69A communicates
with the MFD via HSDB connection. A subscription to the XM Satellite Radio service is required to enable the
GDL 69A capability.
•
GWX 68
(1) – Provides airborne weather and ground mapped radar data to the MFD, through the GDL 69A,
via HSDB connection.
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Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. A
•
GCU 475
(1) – Provides the Flight Management System (FMS) controls for the MFD through an RS-232 digital
interface.
•
GMC 710
(1) – Provides the controls for the GFC 700 AFCS through an RS-232 digital interface allowing
communication with both PFDs.
•
GTP 59
(2) – Provides Outside Air Temperature (OAT) data to the on-side GDC 74B.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
•
GSA 80
(3),
GSA 81
(1), and
GSM 85A
(4) – The GSA 80 servos are used for the automatic control of roll,
pitch, and yaw, while the GSA 81 servo is used for the automatic control of pitch trim. These units interface
with each GIA 63W.
The GSM 85A servo gearbox is responsible for transferring the output torque of the GSA 80/81 servo actuator
to the mechanical flight-control surface linkage.
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1-5
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
GDU 1040A
(PFD #1)
GDU 1040A
(PFD #2
)
GDU 1500
(MFD
)
GIA 63W #2
GSA 80
(Yaw
)
GSA 80
(Roll)
GSA 80
(Pitch
)
GSA 81
(Pitch Trim
)
GRS 77 #1
GIA 63W #1
GMC 710
GMU 44 #1
GEA 71 #2
GEA 71 #1
GDC 74B #1
GTP 59 #1
GMA 1347D
#2
GMA 1347D
#1
GTX 33
GTX 33
GCU 475
GWX 68
GDL 69A
GRS 77 #2
GMU 44 #2
GDC 74B #2
GTP 59 #2
VHF COM
VHF NAV/LOC
GPS/WAAS
G/S
AFCS Mode Logic
Flight Director
Servo Management
VHF COM
VHF NAV/LOC
GPS/WAAS
G/S
AFCS Mode Logic
Flight Director
Servo Management
1-6
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
Figure 1-1 G1000 System (LRU Configuration)
190-00663-00 Rev. A
1.3 G1000 CONTROLS
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
NOTE:
The Audio Panel (GMA 1347D) and AFCS controls (GMC 710) are described in the CNS & Audio Panel
and AFCS sections respectively.
The G1000 system controls are located on the PFD and MFD bezels, MFD Control Unit, AFCS Control Unit and
audio panel. The controls for the PFD and MFD are discussed within the following pages of this section.
PFD CONTROLS
21 5
3
4
6
7
8
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Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
Figure 1-2 PFD Controls
10
11
12
9
13
14
15
1-7
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The following list provides an overview of the controls located on the PFD bezel (see Figure 1-2).
1
NAV VOL/ID Knob
and OFF. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage.
2
NAV Frequency Transfer Key
3
Dual
4
5
6
7
NAV Knob
kHz). Press to switch the tuning box (cyan box) between NAV1 and NAV2.
Joystick
BARO Knob
– Changes the map range when rotated. Activates the map pointer when pressed.
– Sets the altimeter barometric pressure. Press to enter standard pressure (29.92).
Dual COM Knob
knob for kHz). Press to switch the tuning box (cyan box) between COM1 and COM2.
COM Frequency Transfer Key
key for two seconds to tune the emergency frequency (121.5 MHz) automatically into the active frequency
field.
– Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to toggle the Morse code identifier audio ON
– Toggles the standby and active NAV frequencies.
– Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for
– Tunes the standby frequencies for the COM transceiver (large knob for MHz; small
– Toggles the standby and active COM frequencies. Press and hold this
8
COM
VOL/SQ Knob
– Controls COM audio volume level. Volume level is shown in the COM frequency
field as a percentage. Press to turn the COM automatic squelch ON and OFF.
9
Direct-to Key ( )
– Allows the user to enter a destination waypoint and establish a direct course to the
selected destination (the destination is either specified by the identifier, chosen from the active route, or
taken from the map pointer position).
10
FPL Key
11
CLR
12
Dual FMS Knob
– Displays the active Flight Plan Page for creating and editing the active flight plan.
Key
– Erases information, cancels entries, or removes page menus.
– Flight Management System Knob. Press the
FMS
Knob to turn the selection cursor
ON and OFF. When the cursor is ON, data may be entered in the applicable window by turning the small
and large knobs. The large knob moves the cursor on the page, while the small knob selects individual
characters for the highlighted cursor location.
13
MENU Key
– Displays a context-sensitive list of options. This list allows the user to access additional
features or make setting changes that relate to particular pages.
14
PROC Key
– Gives access to IFR departure procedures (DPs), arrival procedures (STARs) and approach
procedures (IAPs) for a flight plan. If a flight plan is used, available procedures for the departure and/or
arrival airport are automatically suggested. These procedures can then be loaded into the active flight plan.
If a flight plan is not used, both the desired airport and the desired procedure may be selected.
15
ENT Key
1-8
– Validates or confirms a menu selection or data entry.
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. A
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
CONTROLS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MFD
The controls for the MFD (GDU 1500) are located on both the MFD bezel and the MFD Control Unit (GCU
475). The bottom portion of the MFD bezel features 12 softkeys that are designed to perform various functions
depending upon the specific page being displayed. These softkeys are discussed throughout the Pilot’s Guide
documentation.
The following list provides an overview of the controls located on the MFD Control Unit (see Figure 1-3):
3 4 52
1
6
7
8
9
13 12 11 10
14
Figure 1-3 MFD Control Unit (GCU 475)
1
Dual FMS Knob
– Flight Management System Knob. This knob selects the MFD page to be viewed; the
large knob selects a page group (MAP, WPT, AUX, NRST), while the small knob selects a specific page
FMS
within the page group. Pressing the
is ON, data may be entered in the applicable window by turning the small and large
Knob turns the selection cursor ON and OFF. When the cursor
knobs. In this case,
the large knob moves the cursor on the page, while the small knob selects individual characters for the
highlighted cursor location.
2
Direct-to Key ( )
– Allows the user to enter a destination waypoint and establish a direct course to the
selected destination (the destination is either specified by the identifier, chosen from the active route, or
taken from the map pointer position).
3
FPL Key
– Displays the active Flight Plan Page for creating and editing the active flight plan, or for
accessing stored flight plans.
4
MENU Key
– Displays a context-sensitive list of options. This list allows the user to access additional
features or make setting changes that relate to particular pages.
5
PROC Key
– Gives access to IFR departure procedures (DPs), arrival procedures (STARs) and approach
procedures (IAPs) for a flight plan. If a flight plan is used, available procedures for the departure and/or
arrival airport are automatically suggested. Theses procedures can then be loaded into the active flight
plan. If a flight plan is not used, both the desired airport and the desired procedure may be selected.
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Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
1-9
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
6
Joystick
7
Alphanumeric Keys
with the
8
Plus (+) Minus (-) Key
9
Decimal Key
10
SEL Key
softkey selection box to the right and left, respectively.
11
ENT Key
12
CLR
displays the Navigation Map Page automatically.
13
SPC Key
14
BKSP Key
– Changes the map range when rotated. Activates the map pointer when pressed.
FMS
Knob.
– Enters a decimal point.
– The center of this key activates the selected softkey, while the right and left arrows move the
– Validates or confirms a menu selection or data entry.
Key
– Erases information, cancels entries, or removes page menus. Pressing and holding this key
– Adds a space character.
– Moves the cursor back one character space.
– Allow the user to enter data quickly, without having to select individual characters
– Toggles a (+) or (-) character.
AFCS CONTROLS
NOTE:
illuminated.
The GFC 700 AFCS is mainly controlled through the GMC 710 AFCS Control Unit. The AFCS Control Unit
consists of the following controls:
With the exception of the FD and
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Figure 1-4 AFCS Control Unit (GMC 710)
SPD
Keys, if a key is selected, its respective annunciator is
10 917 16 15 14 13 12 111819
1
HDG Key
2
APR Key
3
NAV Key
1-10
– Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode.
– Selects/deselects Approach Mode.
– Selects/deselects Navigation Mode.
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. A
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
4
FD Key
engaged, the FD Key is disabled.
5
XFR Key
also selects which air data computer is communicating with the active transponder and which PFD triggers
the altitude alert. Upon power-up, the pilot-side FD is selected.
6
ALT Key
7
VS Key
8
FLC Key
9
CRS2 Knob
mode is selected. Pressing this knob centers the CDI on the currently selected VOR. The copilot-selected
course provides course reference to the copilot-side flight director when operating in Navigation and
Approach modes.
10
SPD Key
– Activates/deactivates the flight director in the default pitch and roll modes. If the autopilot is
– Switches the autopilot between the pilot-side and the copilot-side flight directors. This selection
– Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode.
– Selects/deselects Vertical Speed Mode.
– Selects/deselects Flight Level Change Mode.
– Sets the copilot-selected course on the HSI of PFD2 when the VOR1, VOR2, or OBS/SUSP
– Switches the Flight Level Change mode reference speed between IAS and MACH number.
11
NOSE UP/DN Wheel
– Controls the active mode reference for the Pitch, Vertical Speed, and Flight Level
Change modes.
12
VNV Key
13
ALT SEL Knob
– Selects/deselects Vertical Navigation mode.
– Sets the selected altitude in the Selected Altitude Box. In addition to providing the
standard G1000 altitude alerter function, selected altitude provides an altitude setting for the Altitude
Capture/Hold mode of the AFCS.
14
YD Key
15
AP Key
16
BANK Key
17
CRS1 Knob
– Engages/disengages the yaw damper.
– Engages/disengages the autopilot.
– Selects/deselects Low Bank Mode.
– Sets the pilot-selected course on the HSI of PFD1 when the VOR1, VOR2, or OBS/SUSP mode
is selected. Pressing this knob centers the CDI on the currently selected VOR. The pilot-selected course
provides course reference to the pilot-side flight director when operating in Navigation and Approach
modes.
18
BC Key
19
HDG Knob
– Selects/deselects Back Course Mode.
– Sets the selected heading on the HSI. When operating in Heading Select mode, this knob
provides the heading reference to the flight director.
ADDITIONAL AFCS CONTROLS
The
AP DISC
Switch, and
separately from the AFCS Control Unit. These are discussed in detail in the AFCS section.
190-00663-00 Rev. A
(Autopilot Disconnect) Switch,
MEPT (Manual Electric Pitch Trim) Switch are additional AFCS
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
CWS
(Control Wheel Steering) Button,
controls and are located in the cockpit,
GO AROUND
1-11
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS
11
13
15
17
18
20
22
1
3
5
7
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
19
21
23
24
Figure 1-5 Audio Panel Controls (GMA 1347D)
NOTE:
1
COM1 MIC
When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated.
– Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting. COM1 receive is simultaneously selected when
this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #1 COM receiver to be heard. COM2 receiver audio
can be added by pressing the
2
COM1
3
COM2 MIC
– When selected, audio from the #1 COM receiver can be heard.
– Selects the #2 transmitter for transmitting. COM2 is simultaneously selected when this key
COM2 Key.
is pressed allowing received audio from the #2 COM receiver to be heard. COM2 can be deselected by
pressing the
4
COM2
COM2 Key, or COM1 can be added by pressing the COM1 Key.
– When selected, audio from the #2 COM receiver can be heard.
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Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. A
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
5
COM3 MIC
selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the optional receiver to be heard. COM3
can be deselected by pressing the
COM1 or COM2 Key.
6
COM3
7
PA
– Selects the passenger address system. The selected COM transmitter is deselected when the PA Key
is pressed.
8
TEL
– Not used on the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT.
9
MUSIC
10
SPKR
– Pressing this key selects and deselects the corresponding cockpit speaker. With
the COM and NAV receiver audio, and alerts are heard on the speaker.
11
MKR/MUTE
beacon audio is received.
12
HI SENS
13
DME
– Pressing turns optional DME audio on or off.
– Selects an optional transmitter for transmitting (if installed). COM3 is simultaneously
COM3 Key, or either COM1 or COM2 can be added by pressing the
– When selected, audio from an optional COM can be heard.
– Not used on the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT.
SPKR
selected on,
– Mutes the currently received marker beacon receiver audio. Unmutes when new marker
– Press to increase Marker Beacon Receiver sensitivity. Press again to return to normal.
14
NAV1
15
ADF
16
NAV2
17
AUX
18
REC
– When selected, audio from the #1 NAV receiver can be heard.
– Pressing turns on or off the audio from the optional ADF receiver.
– When selected, audio from the #2 NAV receiver can be heard.
– Not used on the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT.
– Press to start the recording up to 2.5 minutes of COM receiver audio. When no audio is being
received, nothing is recorded. Press again to stop recording.
19
PLAY
– Press once to play the last recorded audio. Press again to stop playing. Press twice quickly while
audio is playing and the previous block of recorded audio is played. Each subsequent two presses skips
back to the previously recorded block.
20
INTR COM
– Pressing selects the pilot/copilot intercom on both audio panels. Press again to deselect the
intercom.
21
MAN SQ
‘SQ’. Turn the
22
ICS Knob
– Press to enable manual squelch for the intercom. When active, press the ICS Knob to illuminate
ICS Knob to adjust squelch.
– Turn to adjust intercom volume or squelch. Press to switch between volume and squelch
control as indicated by the ‘VOL’ or ‘SQ’ being illuminated. The MAN SQ Key must be selected to allow
squelch adjustment.
23
MSTR Knob
– The Master Volume Control adjusts volume for the blended NAV, COM, and intercom
audio.
24
Reversionary Mode Button
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
– Pressing manually selects Reversionary Mode.
1-13
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.4 SECURE DIGITAL CARDS
NOTE:
NOTE:
Refer to the Appendices for instructions on updating the aviation database.
Ensure that the G1000 system is powered off before inserting the SD card.
The GDU 1040A and GDU 1500 data card slots use Secure Digital (SD) cards and are located on the top right
portion of the display bezels. Each display bezel is equipped with two SD card slots. SD cards are used for
aviation database and system software updates as well as terrain database storage.
Install an SD card
Insert the SD card in the SD card slot, pushing the card in until the spring latch engages. The front of the card
should remain flush with the face of the display bezel.
Remove an SD card
Gently press on the SD card to release the spring latch and eject the card.
PFD MFD
1.5 SYSTEM POWER-UP
NOTE:
NOTE:
Refer to the Appendices for AHRS initialization bank angle limitations.
See the Appendices for additional information regarding system-specific annunciations and alerts.
SD Card Slots
Figure 1-6 Display Bezel SD Card Slots
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Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. A
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
NOTE:
See the Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM/POH) for specific
procedures concerning avionics power application and emergency power supply operation.
The G1000 system is integrated with the aircraft electrical system and receives power directly from electrical
busses. The G1000 PFDs, MFD and supporting sub-systems include both power-on and continuous built-in test
features that exercise the processor, RAM, ROM, external inputs and outputs to provide safe operation.
During system initialization, test annunciations are displayed, as shown in Figure 1-7. All system annunciations
should disappear typically within one minute of power-up. Upon power-up, key annunciator lights also become
momentarily illuminated on the audio panels, the control units and the display bezels.
On the PFD, the AHRS begins to initialize and displays ‘AHRS ALIGN: Keep Wings Level’. The AHRS should
display valid attitude and heading fields typically within one minute of power-up. The AHRS can align itself both
while taxiing and during level flight.
When the MFD powers up (Figure 1-8), the MFD Power-up Page displays the following information:
• System version
• Copyright
• Land database name and version
• Terrain database name and version
• Obstacle database name and version
• Aviation database name, version, and effective dates
• ChartView or FliteCharts database information
• Safe Taxi database information
• Airport Terrain database name and version
Current database information includes the valid operating dates, cycle number and database type. When this
information has been reviewed for currency (to ensure that no databases have expired), the pilot is prompted
to continue. Pressing the
ENT
Key acknowledges this information and displays the Auxiliary (AUX) Weight
Planning Page.
Figure 1-8 MFD Power-up PageFigure 1-7 PFD Initialization
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1-15
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.6 SYSTEM OPERATION
The displays are connected together via multiple data busses, thus allowing for high-speed communication.
As shown in Figure 1-1, each GIA 63W is connected to the on-side PFD. This section discusses the normal and
reversionary modes of operation as well as the various AHRS modes of the G1000 system.
NORMAL OPERATION
PFD
In normal mode, the PFD presents graphical flight instrumentation (attitude, heading, airspeed, altitude
and vertical speed), thereby replacing the traditional flight instrument cluster. The PFD also offers control for
COM and NAV frequency selection.
MFD
In normal mode, the right portion of the MFD displays a full-color moving map with navigation information,
while the left portion of the MFD is dedicated to the Engine Indication System (EIS).
Figure 1
-9 gives an example of the G1000 displays in normal mode.
PFD1 PFD2
MFD
Figure 1-9 Normal Operation
REVERSIONARY MODE
NOTE:
Reversionary mode is a mode of operation in which all important flight information is presented identically
on at least one of the remaining displays (see Figure 1-10). Transition to reversionary mode should be
straightforward for the pilot, for flight parameters are presented in the same format as in normal mode.
The G1000 system alerts the pilot when backup paths are utilized by the LRUs. Refer to the Appendices
for further information regarding system-specific alerts.
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Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Figure 1-10 Reversionary Mode (Manual)
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Reversionary mode can be activated manually by pressing the dedicated
DISPLAY BACKUP
button at the
bottom of the audio panel (see Figure 1-11 and refer to the Audio Panel section for further details). Pressing
this button again deactivates reversionary mode.
Pressing the DISPLAY BACKUP
button activates/deactivates
reversionary mode for both the
on-side PFD and the MFD.
Figure 1-11 DISPLAY BACKUP Button
Each display can be configured to operate in reversionary mode, as follows:
•
PFD1
•
MFD
•
PFD2
– By pressing the
– By pressing the
– By pressing the
DISPLAY BACKUP
DISPLAY BACKUP
button on the left or the right audio panel.
DISPLAY BACKUP
button on the left audio panel.
button on the right audio panel.
Should the connection between a PFD and the on-side GIA 63W become inoperative, the on-side GIA 63W
can no longer communicate with the remaining PFD (refer to Figure 1-
1). As a result, the NAV and COM
functions provided to the failed PFD by the on-side GIA 63W are flagged as invalid (red “X”) on the remaining
PFD (see Figure 1-12).
AHRS OPERATION
NOTE:
NOTE:
190-00663-00 Rev. A
Refer to the Appendices for specific AHRS alert information.
Aggressive maneuvering while AHRS is not operating normally may degrade AHRS accuracy.
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT
Figure 1-12 Inoperative Input (NAV1 Shown)
1-17
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Attitude/Heading Invalid
AHRS
no-GP
S
Mode
AHRS Normal
Operation
AHRS no-
Mag Mode
AHRS no-Mag/
no-Air Mode
Heading Invalid
available
available
unavailable
una
vailab
le
available
unavailable
unavailable
available
Air Data
Magnetometer Data
unavailable
available
GPS Data
Magnetometer Data
Air Data
In addition to using internal sensors, the GRS 77 AHRS uses GPS information, magnetic field data and air
data to assist in attitude/heading calculations. In normal mode, the AHRS relies upon GPS and magnetic
field measurements. If either of these external measurements is unavailable or invalid, the AHRS uses air
data information for attitude determination. Four AHRS modes of operation are available (see Figure 1-13)
and depend upon the combination of available sensor inputs. Loss of air data, GPS, or magnetometer sensor
inputs is communicated to the pilot by message advisory alerts.
GPS INPUT FAILURE
NOTE:
information provided from one of the GPS receivers is unreliable, the AHRS seamlessly transitions to using the
other GPS receiver. An alert message informs the pilot of the use of the backup GPS path. If both GPS inputs
fail, the AHRS continues to operate in reversionary No-GPS mode so long as the air data and magnetometer
inputs are available and valid.
In-flight initialization of AHRS, when operating without any valid source of GPS data and at true
air speed values greater than approximately 200 knots, is not guaranteed. Under these rare conditions, it
is possible for in-flight AHRS initialization to take an indefinite amount of time which would result in an
extended period of time where valid AHRS outputs are unavailable.
The G1000 system provides two sources of GPS information. If a single GPS receiver fails, or if the
Figure 1-13 AHRS Operation
1-18
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190-00663-00 Rev. A
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