EXFO FTB-7000 User Manual

FTB-7000 Series
OTDR for FTB-200 v2
User Guide
Copyright © 2006–2011 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, be it electronically, mechanically, or by any other means such as photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of EXFO Inc. (EXFO).
Information provided by EXFO is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by EXFO for its use nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent rights of EXFO.
EXFO’s Commerce And Government Entities (CAGE) code under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is 0L8C3.
The information contained in this publication is subject to change without notice.
Trademarks
EXFO’s trademarks have been identified as such. However, the presence or absence of such identification does not affect the legal status of any trademark.
Units of Measurement
Units of measurement in this publication conform to SI standards and practices.
Patents
EXFO’s Universal Interface is protected by US patent 6,612,750.
Version number: 17.0.6
ii FTB-7000 Series
Contents
Contents
Certification Information ..................................................................................................... viii
1 Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer ................................ 1
Main Features .........................................................................................................................3
Trace Acquisition Modes .........................................................................................................4
Optional Software Packages ...................................................................................................4
Data Post-Processing ..............................................................................................................4
Bidirectional Analysis Application ...........................................................................................5
Available OTDR Models ...........................................................................................................5
OTDR Basic Principles ..............................................................................................................8
Conventions ..........................................................................................................................10
2 Safety Information ..................................................................................... 11
Laser Safety Information (Models without VFL) ....................................................................11
Laser Safety Information (Models with VFL) ..........................................................................12
3 Getting Started with Your OTDR ............................................................... 13
Inserting and Removing Test Modules ..................................................................................13
Starting Module Applications ...............................................................................................19
Timer ....................................................................................................................................20
4 Preparing Your OTDR for a Test ................................................................. 21
Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI) .........................................................................21
Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers ...............................................................................22
Naming Trace Files Automatically .........................................................................................24
Enabling or Disabling the First Connector Check ..................................................................28
Setting Macrobend Parameters .............................................................................................29
Launch Conditions for Multimode Measurements ................................................................31
5 Testing Fibers in Auto Mode ...................................................................... 33
6 Testing Fibers in Advanced Mode ............................................................. 37
Setting the Autorange Acquisition Time ...............................................................................42
Setting the IOR, RBS Coefficient, and Helix Factor ................................................................43
Setting Distance Range, Pulse Width, and Acquisition Time .................................................45
Enabling the High-Resolution Feature ...................................................................................49
Enabling or Disabling Analysis After Acquisition ...................................................................51
Setting Pass/Fail Thresholds ..................................................................................................53
Setting a Default Span Start and Span End ...........................................................................58
OTDR iii
Contents
7 Testing Fibers in Template Mode ...............................................................61
Template Principle .................................................................................................................61
Restrictions of Template Mode ..............................................................................................62
Acquiring the Reference Trace ..............................................................................................64
Acquiring Traces in Template Mode ......................................................................................66
Selecting a Reference Trace ...................................................................................................74
8 Testing Fibers in Fault Finder Mode ...........................................................75
Acquiring Traces in Fault Finder Mode ..................................................................................75
Naming Fault Finder Files Automatically ...............................................................................78
Selecting the Default File Format for the Fault Finder Traces .................................................80
Enabling or Disabling the Confirmation of Fault Finder File Name ........................................82
Enabling or Disabling the Storage Feature ............................................................................84
Enabling or Disabling the First Connector Check for Fault Finder .........................................85
Enabling or Disabling the Touchscreen Keyboard ..................................................................87
Setting Trace Display Parameters ..........................................................................................88
Selecting the Distance Units .................................................................................................90
9 Customizing Your OTDR ..............................................................................93
Selecting the Default File Format ..........................................................................................93
Enabling or Disabling File Name Confirmation .....................................................................94
Selecting the Distance Units .................................................................................................96
Customizing the Acquisition Distance Range Values .............................................................98
Customizing the Acquisition Time Values ...........................................................................100
Enabling or Disabling the Touchscreen Keyboard ................................................................102
Displaying or Hiding the Optional Features ........................................................................103
iv FTB-7000 Series
Contents
10 Analyzing Traces and Events ................................................................... 105
Graph View .........................................................................................................................106
Linear View .........................................................................................................................108
Summary Table ...................................................................................................................110
Events Tab ...........................................................................................................................112
Measure Tab .......................................................................................................................116
Trace Info. Tab ....................................................................................................................116
Displaying the Graph in Full Screen ....................................................................................117
Selecting the Default View ..................................................................................................119
Automatically Displaying the Event Table after Acquisitions ...............................................121
Automatically Zooming in on the Fiber Span ......................................................................122
Using Zoom Controls ..........................................................................................................123
Setting Trace Display Parameters ........................................................................................126
Customizing the Event Table ...............................................................................................128
Displaying or Hiding a Trace ...............................................................................................130
Clearing Traces from the Display .........................................................................................132
Viewing and Modifying Current Trace Settings ...................................................................133
Modifying Events ................................................................................................................138
Inserting Events ..................................................................................................................142
Deleting Events ...................................................................................................................144
Changing the Attenuation of Fiber Sections .......................................................................146
Setting the Analysis Detection Thresholds ..........................................................................148
Analyzing or Reanalyzing a Trace ........................................................................................151
Analyzing the Fiber on a Specific Fiber Span .......................................................................153
Enabling or Disabling the Detection of Reflective Ends of Fiber ..........................................154
Swapping Traces .................................................................................................................158
Opening Trace Files .............................................................................................................159
11 Analyzing the Results Manually .............................................................. 163
Selecting the Attenuation and Loss Values that Will Be Displayed ......................................163
Using Markers .....................................................................................................................165
Getting Event Distances and Relative Powers ......................................................................166
Getting Event Loss (Four-Point and Least-Square Approximation) ......................................167
Getting Attenuation (Two-Point and Least-Square Approximation) ....................................172
Getting Reflectance ............................................................................................................174
Getting Optical Return Loss (ORL) .......................................................................................175
12 Managing Trace Files from the OTDR Test Application .......................... 177
Saving a Trace in a Different Format ...................................................................................177
OTDR Trace File Compatibility .............................................................................................178
Copying, Moving, Renaming, or Deleting Trace Files ..........................................................180
OTDR v
Contents
13 Creating Reports .......................................................................................181
Adding Information to the Test Results ...............................................................................181
Generating a Report ...........................................................................................................183
14 Using the OTDR as a Light Source or VFL ................................................189
15 Analyzing Traces with the Bidirectional Analysis Application ...............193
Starting and Exiting the Bidirectional Analysis Application .................................................195
Creating Bidirectional Measurement Files ...........................................................................197
Opening Existing Bidirectional Measurement Files ..............................................................201
Displaying Traces and Bidirectional Measurement ..............................................................202
Viewing Results ..................................................................................................................204
Reanalyzing Traces and Regenerating the Bidirectional Measurement ................................215
Modifying the Alignment of Unidirectional Traces ..............................................................217
Using Zoom Controls ..........................................................................................................221
Using Markers to Edit Events ..............................................................................................225
Inserting Events ..................................................................................................................227
Modifying Events ................................................................................................................231
Deleting Events ...................................................................................................................235
Changing the Attenuation of Fiber Sections .......................................................................237
Setting General Parameters ................................................................................................240
Customizing the Events Table .............................................................................................243
Saving the Span-Start and Span-End Information ...............................................................246
Setting Pass/Fail Thresholds ................................................................................................247
Modifying Trace Analysis Settings .......................................................................................252
Saving Traces ......................................................................................................................257
Exporting Unidirectional Traces from Bidirectional Files ......................................................259
Adding Information to the Test Results ...............................................................................261
Creating Reports .................................................................................................................263
16 Maintenance ..............................................................................................267
Cleaning EUI Connectors ....................................................................................................268
Verifying Your OTDR ...........................................................................................................270
Recalibrating the Unit .........................................................................................................278
Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only) ..................................................279
17 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................281
Contacting the Technical Support Group ............................................................................284
Transportation ....................................................................................................................285
vi FTB-7000 Series
Contents
18 Warranty ................................................................................................... 287
General Information ...........................................................................................................287
Liability ...............................................................................................................................288
Exclusions ...........................................................................................................................288
Certification ........................................................................................................................288
Service and Repairs .............................................................................................................289
EXFO Service Centers Worldwide ........................................................................................290
A Technical Specifications ........................................................................... 291
B Description of Event Types ...................................................................... 297
Span Start ..........................................................................................................................298
Span End ...........................................................................................................................298
Short Fibers .......................................................................................................................298
Continuous Fiber ...............................................................................................................299
End of Analysis ..................................................................................................................300
Non-Reflective Event ..........................................................................................................301
Reflective Event .................................................................................................................302
Positive Event .....................................................................................................................303
Launch Level ......................................................................................................................304
Fiber Section ......................................................................................................................305
Merged Event ....................................................................................................................306
Echo ..................................................................................................................................312
Reflective Event (Possible Echo) .........................................................................................313
Index .............................................................................................................. 315
OTDR vii

Certification Information

Certification Information
FCC Information
Electronic test equipment is exempt from Part 15 compliance (FCC) in the United States. However, compliance verification tests are systematically performed on most EXFO equipment.
 Information
Electronic test equipment is subject to the EMC Directive in the European Union. The EN61326 standard prescribes both emission and immunity requirements for laboratory, measurement, and control equipment. This unit has undergone extensive testing according to the European Union Directive and Standards.
Use of shielded remote I/O cables, with properly grounded shields and metal connectors, is recommended in order to reduce radio frequency interference that may emanate from these cables.
IMPORTANT
viii FTB-7000 Series
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive 2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive 2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive 93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc. Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue Quebec, Quebec Canada, G1M 2K2 (418) 683-0211 Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial Trade Name/Model No.: LAN / WAN ACCESS OTDR / FTB-7200D
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position: Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
OTDR ix
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive 2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive 2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive 93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc. Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue Quebec, Quebec Canada, G1M 2K2 (418) 683-0211 Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial Trade Name/Model No.: FTTx-PON / MDU OTDR / FTB-7300E
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position: Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
x FTB-7000 Series
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive 2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive 2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive 93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc. Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue Quebec, Quebec Canada, G1M 2K2 (418) 683-0211 Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial Trade Name/Model No.: METRO / CWDM OTDR / FTB-7400E
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position: Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
OTDR xi
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive 2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive 2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive 93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc. Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue Quebec, Quebec Canada, G1M 2K2 (418) 683-0211 Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial Trade Name/Model No.: METRO / LONG-HAUL OTDR / FTB-7500E
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position: Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
xii FTB-7000 Series
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive 2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive 2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive 93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc. Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue Quebec, Quebec Canada, G1M 2K2 (418) 683-0211 Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial Trade Name/Model No.: ULTRA-LONG-HAUL OTDR / FTB-7600E
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position: Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
OTDR xiii
1 Introducing the Optical Time
SM / MM OTDR
FTB-7200D
SM
MM
LIVE
Handle
Visual fault locator (VFL) port
(optional)
OTDR port (singlemode)
OTDR port (multimode)
Singlemode and multimode models
Singlemode and singlemode live models
SM OTDR
FTB-7300E
SM
SM
OTDR port (for live-fiber testing)
Domain Reflectometer
The Optical Time Domain Reflectometer allows you to characterize a fiber-optic span, usually optical fiber sections joined by splices and connectors. The optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) provides an inside view of the fiber, and can calculate fiber length, attenuation, breaks, total return loss, and splice, connector and total losses.
OTDR 1
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTDR
OTDR port
(singlemode or multimode)
Other models
Handle
Visual fault locator
(VFL) port (optional)
2 FTB-7000 Series
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

Main Features

Main Features
The OTDR:
³ Offers impressive dynamic range with short dead zones.
³ Performs quick acquisitions with low noise levels to enable accurate
low-loss splice location.
³ Acquires OTDR traces made of up to 256 000 points that provide a
sampling resolution as fine as 4 cm.
³ Includes a light source and can include an optional visual fault locator.
OTDR 3
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

Trace Acquisition Modes

Trace Acquisition Modes
The OTDR application provides the following trace acquisition modes:
³ Auto: Automatically calculates fiber length, sets acquisition
parameters, acquires traces, and displays event tables and acquired traces.
³ Advanced: Offers all the tools needed to perform integral OTDR tests
and measurements and gives you control over all test parameters.
³ Temp l at e (op t ional ): Tests fibers and compares the results to a
reference trace that was previously acquired and analyzed. This allows you to save time when testing a large number of fibers. Reference trace documentation is also automatically copied to new acquisitions.
³ Fault Finder: Rapidly locates fiber ends and displays the length of the
fiber under test. This allows you to perform quick tests without having to set all the acquisition parameters.

Optional Software Packages

An optional software package is offered with the application. With this package, you can find macrobends, view the related information. The software package also give you access to the “linear view”, which displays the events sequentially, from left to right.
Note: Optional Software Packages were meant to function on FTB-200 v2 units
and not on FTB-200 units.

Data Post-Processing

You can install the OTDR Viewer (available on the CD that came with your product) on a computer to view and analyze traces without having to use an FTB-200 v2 Compact Modular Platform and an OTDR. You can also access more features such as:
³ customized printout
4 FTB-7000 Series
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

Bidirectional Analysis Application

³ batch printing
³ conversion of traces to many formats such as Telcordia or ASCII
Bidirectional Analysis Application
You can improve the accuracy of your loss measurements with the bidirectional analysis application. This utility uses OTDR acquisitions from both ends of a fiber span (singlemode traces only) to average loss results for each event.

Available OTDR Models

A wide variety of multimode and singlemode OTDR models is offered at several wavelengths to cover all fiber applications from long-haul or WDM networks to metropolitan networks.
OTDR Models Description
Singlemode
FTB-7200D-B
OTDR 5
³ 1310 nm and 1550 nm.
³ 35 dB dynamic range and 1 m event dead zone, useful
to locate closely spaced events.
³ High-resolution feature to obtain more data points per
acquisition. Data points will be closer to each other, resulting in a greater distance resolution for the trace.
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Available OTDR Models
OTDR Models Description
Singlemode and multimode
FTB-7200D-12CD-23B
Singlemode and singlemode live (SM Live)
FTB-7300E-XXXB
Singlemode
FTB-7400E-XXXXB
³ Four wavelengths: two multimode (850 nm and
1300 nm) and two singlemode (1310 nm and 1550 nm) in a single module.
³ 26 dB (850 nm)/25 dB (1300 nm)/35 dB
(1310 nm)/34 dB (1550 nm) dynamic range and 1 m event dead zone, particularly useful to locate closely spaced events.
³ 4.5 m of attenuation dead zone for both singlemode
and multimode.
³ Allows tests on both 50 μm (C type) and 62.5 μm
(D type) multimode fibers.
³ Optimized for metro network installation and
troubleshooting, access and FTTx test applications (end-to-end links), and inside plant testing.
³ Test through splitter for FTTH PON characterization.
³ Live fiber out-of-band testing with filtered SM Live port
at 1625 nm or 1650 nm.
³ Attenuation and event dead zone of, respectively, 4 m
and 0.8 m.
³ 38 dB dynamic range.
³ Attenuation dead zone of 4 m for pinpoint event
location
³ Up to 40 dB dynamic range with 0.8 m event dead
zone.
³ Acquires up to 256 000 data points while sampling a
single trace.
³ Up to four test wavelengths (1310 nm, 1383 nm,
1550 nm,1625 nm) for CWDM and DWDM link characterization
6 FTB-7000 Series
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTDR Models Description
Available OTDR Models
Singlemode
FTB-7500E-XXXXB
Singlemode
FTB-7600E-XXXXB
³ Event dead zone of 0.8 m and attenuation dead zone of
4 m for pinpoint event location
³ Up to 45 dB dynamic range (on NZDSF with a 20 μs
pulse)
³ High-launch power level minimizes noise effects on
signal.
³ Acquires up to 256 000 data points while sampling a
single trace.
³ Suitable for long-range applications and recommended
when measuring time is a key factor.
³ Up to 50 dB dynamic range (on NZDSF with a 20 μs
pulse)
³ Event dead zone of 1.5 m and attenuation dead zone of
5 m with a 5 ns pulse for high resolution
³ Acquires up to 256 000 data points while sampling a
single trace
³ Suitable for characterization of ultra long cables
³ Best in class analysis for accurate measurement of
loss, reflectance and attenuation.
OTDR 7
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Distance
c n
---
t
2
---
×=

OTDR Basic Principles

OTDR Basic Principles
An OTDR sends short pulses of light into a fiber. Light scattering occurs in the fiber due to discontinuities such as connectors, splices, bends, and faults. An OTDR then detects and analyzes the backscattered signals. The signal strength is measured for specific intervals of time and is used to characterize events.
The OTDR calculates distances as follows:
where
c = speed of light in a vacuum (2.998 x 10
t = time delay from the launch of the pulse to the reception of the
pulse
n = index of refraction of the fiber under test (as specified by the
manufacturer)
8
m/s)
8 FTB-7000 Series
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Microprocessor
Pulse
generator
Avalanche
photodetector (APD)
Display
Reflections come back to the OTDR
Set of
instructions
Light pulses
Light pulses
Analog-to-digital
converter (A/D)
Returned signal
Analyzed signal
Laser
diode
Optical
coupler
OTDR
port
Fiber
OTDR Basic Principles
An OTDR uses the effects of Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflection to measure the fiber’s condition, but the Fresnel reflection is tens of thousands of times greater in power level than the backscatter.
³ Rayleigh scattering occurs when a pulse travels down the fiber and
small variations in the material, such as variations and discontinuities in the index of refraction, cause light to be scattered in all directions. However, the phenomenon of small amounts of light being reflected directly back toward the transmitter is called backscattering.
³ Fresnel reflections occur when the light traveling down the fiber
encounters abrupt changes in material density that may occur at connections or breaks where an air gap exists. A very large quantity of light is reflected, as compared with the Rayleigh scattering. The strength of the reflection depends on the degree of change in the index of refraction.
When the full trace is displayed, each point represents an average of many sampling points. You will have to zoom to see each point.
OTDR 9
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

Conventions

Conventions
Before using the product described in this manual, you should understand the following conventions:
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in component damage. Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions.
IMPORTANT
Refers to information about this product you should not overlook.
10 FTB-7000 Series

2 Safety Information

Affixed to module’s side panel
WARNING
Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active. Never look directly into a live fiber and ensure that your eyes are protected at all times.
WARNING
Use of controls, adjustments and procedures for operation and maintenance other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure or impair the protection provided by this unit.

Laser Safety Information (Models without VFL)

Your instrument is a Class 1M laser product in compliance with standards IEC 60825-1 and 21 CFR 1040.10. Invisible laser radiation may be encountered at the output port.
The product is safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation but it may be hazardous if you use optics within a diverging or collimated beam. Do not view directly with optical instruments.
OTDR 11
Safety Information
Affixed to module’s side panel

Laser Safety Information (Models with VFL)

Laser Safety Information (Models with VFL)
Your instrument is a Class 3R laser product in compliance with standards IEC 60825-1 and 21 CFR 1040.10. It is potentially harmful in direct intrabeam viewing.
The following label(s) indicate that the product contains a Class 3R source:
12 FTB-7000 Series
3 Getting Started with Your
OTDR

Inserting and Removing Test Modules

CAUTION
Never insert or remove a module while the FTB-200 v2 Compact Modular Platform is turned on. This will result in immediate and irreparable damage to both the module and unit.
WARNING
When the laser safety LED is flashing, at least one of your modules is emitting an optical signal. Please check all modules, as it might not be the one you are currently using.
OTDR 13
Getting Started with Your OTDR
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
To insert a module into the FTB-200 v2 Compact Modular Platform:
1. Turn off your unit.
2. Position the unit so that its front panel is facing you.
14 FTB-7000 Series
Getting Started with Your OTDR
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
3. Take the module and place it vertically so that the retaining screw hole is at the left of the connector pins.
4. Insert the protruding edges of the module into the grooves of the unit’s module slot.
5. Push the module all the way to the bottom of the slot, until the retaining screw makes contact with the unit casing.
6. Place the unit so that its bottom panel is facing you.
OTDR 15
Getting Started with Your OTDR
Turn retaining screws
clockwise
Bottom panel
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
7. While applying slight pressure to the module, lift the mobile part of the retaining screw and use it to turn the retaining screw clockwise until it is tightened.
This will secure the module into its “seated” position.
When you turn on the unit, the startup sequence will automatically detect the module.
16 FTB-7000 Series
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