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The information contained in this publication is subject to change without
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EXFO’s trademarks have been identified as such. However, the presence
or absence of such identification does not affect the legal status of any
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Units of Measurement
Units of measurement in this publication conform to SI standards and
practices.
Patents
EXFO’s Universal Interface is protected by US patent 6,612,750.
Version number: 17.0.6
iiFTB-7000 Series
Contents
Contents
Certification Information ..................................................................................................... viii
1 Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer ................................ 1
Main Features .........................................................................................................................3
Index .............................................................................................................. 315
OTDRvii
Certification Information
Certification Information
FCC Information
Electronic test equipment is exempt from Part 15 compliance (FCC) in
the United States. However, compliance verification tests are
systematically performed on most EXFO equipment.
Information
Electronic test equipment is subject to the EMC Directive in the European
Union. The EN61326 standard prescribes both emission and immunity
requirements for laboratory, measurement, and control equipment.
This unit has undergone extensive testing according to the European Union
Directive and Standards.
Use of shielded remote I/O cables, with properly grounded shields
and metal connectors, is recommended in order to reduce radio
frequency interference that may emanate from these cables.
IMPORTANT
viiiFTB-7000 Series
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive
2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive
2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive
93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments
Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue
Quebec, Quebec
Canada, G1M 2K2
(418) 683-0211
Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial
Trade Name/Model No.: LAN / WAN ACCESS OTDR / FTB-7200D
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position:Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
OTDRix
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive
2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive
2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive
93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments
Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue
Quebec, Quebec
Canada, G1M 2K2
(418) 683-0211
Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial
Trade Name/Model No.: FTTx-PON / MDU OTDR / FTB-7300E
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position:Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
xFTB-7000 Series
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive
2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive
2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive
93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments
Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue
Quebec, Quebec
Canada, G1M 2K2
(418) 683-0211
Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial
Trade Name/Model No.: METRO / CWDM OTDR / FTB-7400E
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position:Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
OTDRxi
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive
2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive
2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive
93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments
Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue
Quebec, Quebec
Canada, G1M 2K2
(418) 683-0211
Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial
Trade Name/Model No.: METRO / LONG-HAUL OTDR / FTB-7500E
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position:Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
xiiFTB-7000 Series
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive
2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive
2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive
93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments
Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue
Quebec, Quebec
Canada, G1M 2K2
(418) 683-0211
Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial
Trade Name/Model No.: ULTRA-LONG-HAUL OTDR / FTB-7600E
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position:Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: January 09, 2009
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
OTDRxiii
1Introducing the Optical Time
SM / MM OTDR
FTB-7200D
SM
MM
LIVE
Handle
Visual fault locator (VFL) port
(optional)
OTDR port (singlemode)
OTDR port (multimode)
Singlemode and
multimode models
Singlemode and
singlemode live
models
SM OTDR
FTB-7300E
SM
SM
OTDR port (for live-fiber testing)
Domain Reflectometer
The Optical Time Domain Reflectometer allows you to characterize a
fiber-optic span, usually optical fiber sections joined by splices and
connectors. The optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) provides an
inside view of the fiber, and can calculate fiber length, attenuation, breaks,
total return loss, and splice, connector and total losses.
OTDR 1
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTDR
OTDR port
(singlemode or multimode)
Other models
Handle
Visual fault locator
(VFL) port (optional)
2FTB-7000 Series
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Main Features
Main Features
The OTDR:
³ Offers impressive dynamic range with short dead zones.
³ Performs quick acquisitions with low noise levels to enable accurate
low-loss splice location.
³ Acquires OTDR traces made of up to 256 000 points that provide a
sampling resolution as fine as 4 cm.
³ Includes a light source and can include an optional visual fault locator.
OTDR3
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Trace Acquisition Modes
Trace Acquisition Modes
The OTDR application provides the following trace acquisition modes:
parameters, acquires traces, and displays event tables and acquired
traces.
³ Advanced: Offers all the tools needed to perform integral OTDR tests
and measurements and gives you control over all test parameters.
³ Temp l at e (op t ional ): Tests fibers and compares the results to a
reference trace that was previously acquired and analyzed. This allows
you to save time when testing a large number of fibers. Reference trace
documentation is also automatically copied to new acquisitions.
³ Fault Finder: Rapidly locates fiber ends and displays the length of the
fiber under test. This allows you to perform quick tests without having
to set all the acquisition parameters.
Optional Software Packages
An optional software package is offered with the application. With this
package, you can find macrobends, view the related information. The
software package also give you access to the “linear view”, which displays
the events sequentially, from left to right.
Note: Optional Software Packages were meant to function on FTB-200 v2 units
and not on FTB-200 units.
Data Post-Processing
You can install the OTDR Viewer (available on the CD that came with your
product) on a computer to view and analyze traces without having to use
an FTB-200 v2 Compact Modular Platform and an OTDR. You can also
access more features such as:
³ customized printout
4FTB-7000 Series
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Bidirectional Analysis Application
³ batch printing
³ conversion of traces to many formats such as Telcordia or ASCII
Bidirectional Analysis Application
You can improve the accuracy of your loss measurements with the
bidirectional analysis application. This utility uses OTDR acquisitions from
both ends of a fiber span (singlemode traces only) to average loss results
for each event.
Available OTDR Models
A wide variety of multimode and singlemode OTDR models is offered at
several wavelengths to cover all fiber applications from long-haul or WDM
networks to metropolitan networks.
OTDR ModelsDescription
Singlemode
FTB-7200D-B
OTDR5
³ 1310 nm and 1550 nm.
³ 35 dB dynamic range and 1 m event dead zone, useful
to locate closely spaced events.
³ High-resolution feature to obtain more data points per
acquisition. Data points will be closer to each other,
resulting in a greater distance resolution for the trace.
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Available OTDR Models
OTDR ModelsDescription
Singlemode and
multimode
FTB-7200D-12CD-23B
Singlemode and
singlemode live (SM Live)
FTB-7300E-XXXB
Singlemode
FTB-7400E-XXXXB
³ Four wavelengths: two multimode (850 nm and
1300 nm) and two singlemode (1310 nm and 1550 nm)
in a single module.
³ 26 dB (850 nm)/25 dB (1300 nm)/35 dB
(1310 nm)/34 dB (1550 nm) dynamic range and 1 m
event dead zone, particularly useful to locate closely
spaced events.
³ 4.5 m of attenuation dead zone for both singlemode
and multimode.
³ Allows tests on both 50 μm (C type) and 62.5 μm
(D type) multimode fibers.
³ Optimized for metro network installation and
troubleshooting, access and FTTx test applications
(end-to-end links), and inside plant testing.
³ Test through splitter for FTTH PON characterization.
³ Live fiber out-of-band testing with filtered SM Live port
at 1625 nm or 1650 nm.
³ Attenuation and event dead zone of, respectively, 4 m
and 0.8 m.
³ 38 dB dynamic range.
³ Attenuation dead zone of 4 m for pinpoint event
location
³ Up to 40 dB dynamic range with 0.8 m event dead
zone.
³ Acquires up to 256 000 data points while sampling a
single trace.
³ Up to four test wavelengths (1310 nm, 1383 nm,
1550 nm,1625 nm) for CWDM and DWDM link
characterization
6FTB-7000 Series
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTDR ModelsDescription
Available OTDR Models
Singlemode
FTB-7500E-XXXXB
Singlemode
FTB-7600E-XXXXB
³ Event dead zone of 0.8 m and attenuation dead zone of
4 m for pinpoint event location
³ Up to 45 dB dynamic range (on NZDSF with a 20 μs
pulse)
³ High-launch power level minimizes noise effects on
signal.
³ Acquires up to 256 000 data points while sampling a
single trace.
³ Suitable for long-range applications and recommended
when measuring time is a key factor.
³ Up to 50 dB dynamic range (on NZDSF with a 20 μs
pulse)
³ Event dead zone of 1.5 m and attenuation dead zone of
5 m with a 5 ns pulse for high resolution
³ Acquires up to 256 000 data points while sampling a
single trace
³ Suitable for characterization of ultra long cables
³ Best in class analysis for accurate measurement of
loss, reflectance and attenuation.
OTDR7
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Distance
c
n
---
t
2
---
×=
OTDR Basic Principles
OTDR Basic Principles
An OTDR sends short pulses of light into a fiber. Light scattering occurs in
the fiber due to discontinuities such as connectors, splices, bends, and
faults. An OTDR then detects and analyzes the backscattered signals. The
signal strength is measured for specific intervals of time and is used to
characterize events.
The OTDR calculates distances as follows:
where
c = speed of light in a vacuum (2.998 x 10
t= time delay from the launch of the pulse to the reception of the
pulse
n = index of refraction of the fiber under test (as specified by the
manufacturer)
8
m/s)
8FTB-7000 Series
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Microprocessor
Pulse
generator
Avalanche
photodetector (APD)
Display
Reflections come back
to the OTDR
Set of
instructions
Light pulses
Light pulses
Analog-to-digital
converter (A/D)
Returned signal
Analyzed signal
Laser
diode
Optical
coupler
OTDR
port
Fiber
OTDR Basic Principles
An OTDR uses the effects of Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflection to
measure the fiber’s condition, but the Fresnel reflection is tens of
thousands of times greater in power level than the backscatter.
³ Rayleigh scattering occurs when a pulse travels down the fiber and
small variations in the material, such as variations and discontinuities
in the index of refraction, cause light to be scattered in all directions.
However, the phenomenon of small amounts of light being reflected
directly back toward the transmitter is called backscattering.
³ Fresnel reflections occur when the light traveling down the fiber
encounters abrupt changes in material density that may occur at
connections or breaks where an air gap exists. A very large quantity of
light is reflected, as compared with the Rayleigh scattering. The
strength of the reflection depends on the degree of change in the index
of refraction.
When the full trace is displayed, each point represents an average of many
sampling points. You will have to zoom to see each point.
OTDR9
Introducing the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Conventions
Conventions
Before using the product described in this manual, you should understand
the following conventions:
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
may result in minor or moderate injury. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
may result in component damage. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
IMPORTANT
Refers to information about this product you should not overlook.
10FTB-7000 Series
2Safety Information
Affixed to module’s
side panel
WARNING
Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active.
Never look directly into a live fiber and ensure that your eyes are
protected at all times.
WARNING
Use of controls, adjustments and procedures for operation and
maintenance other than those specified herein may result in
hazardous radiation exposure or impair the protection provided by
this unit.
Laser Safety Information (Models without
VFL)
Your instrument is a Class 1M laser product in compliance with standards
IEC 60825-1 and 21 CFR 1040.10. Invisible laser radiation may be
encountered at the output port.
The product is safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation
but it may be hazardous if you use optics within a diverging or collimated
beam. Do not view directly with optical instruments.
OTDR11
Safety Information
Affixed to module’s
side panel
Laser Safety Information (Models with VFL)
Laser Safety Information (Models with VFL)
Your instrument is a Class 3R laser product in compliance with standards
IEC 60825-1 and 21 CFR 1040.10. It is potentially harmful in direct
intrabeam viewing.
The following label(s) indicate that the product contains a Class 3R source:
12FTB-7000 Series
3Getting Started with Your
OTDR
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
CAUTION
Never insert or remove a module while the FTB-200 v2 Compact
Modular Platform is turned on. This will result in immediate and
irreparable damage to both the module and unit.
WARNING
When the laser safety LED is flashing, at least one of your modules
is emitting an optical signal. Please check all modules, as it might
not be the one you are currently using.
OTDR13
Getting Started with Your OTDR
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
To insert a module into the FTB-200 v2 Compact Modular
Platform:
1. Turn off your unit.
2. Position the unit so that its front panel is facing you.
14FTB-7000 Series
Getting Started with Your OTDR
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
3. Take the module and place it vertically so that the retaining screw hole
is at the left of the connector pins.
4. Insert the protruding edges of the module into the grooves of the unit’s
module slot.
5. Push the module all the way to the bottom of the slot, until the
retaining screw makes contact with the unit casing.
6. Place the unit so that its bottom panel is facing you.
OTDR15
Getting Started with Your OTDR
Turn retaining screws
clockwise
Bottom panel
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
7. While applying slight pressure to the module, lift the mobile part of the
retaining screw and use it to turn the retaining screw clockwise until it
is tightened.
This will secure the module into its “seated” position.
When you turn on the unit, the startup sequence will automatically detect
the module.
16FTB-7000 Series
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