EXFO FTB-5500B User Manual

FTB-5500B
PMD Analyzer for FTB-500
User Guide
Copyright © 2003–2009 EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, be it electronically, mechanically, or by any other means such as photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. (EXFO).
Information provided by EXFO is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by EXFO for its use nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent rights of EXFO.
EXFO’s Commerce And Government Entities (CAGE) code under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is 0L8C3.
The information contained in this publication is subject to change without notice.
Trademarks
EXFO’s trademarks have been identified as such. However, the presence or absence of such identification does not affect the legal status of any trademark.
Units of Measurement
Units of measurement in this publication conform to SI standards and practices.
Patents
The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer is the subject of International PCT application, publication number WO 2004/070341; EXFO’s Universal Interface is protected by US patent 6,612,750.
Version number 4.0.1
ii FTB-5500B
Contents
Contents
Certification Information ....................................................................................................... vi
1 Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer ......... 1
Main Features .........................................................................................................................1
Typical Applications ................................................................................................................2
Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory .............................................................................3
Conventions ............................................................................................................................6
2 Safety Information ....................................................................................... 7
3 Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer .......... 9
Inserting and Removing Test Modules ....................................................................................9
Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application ..........................................13
Exiting the Application .........................................................................................................17
4 Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer ........................... 19
Defining the Automatic Fiber Name Format .........................................................................19
Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds .............................................................20
Setting Acquisition Parameters .............................................................................................24
Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber ......................................................................28
Averaging Measurements .....................................................................................................31
5 Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer ............................ 33
Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers ...............................................................................33
Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI) .........................................................................34
Setting Up Hardware for Measurements ...............................................................................36
Acquiring Traces ...................................................................................................................39
Performing a Null Measurement ...........................................................................................41
Viewing the Input Power Level .............................................................................................42
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer iii
Contents
6 Managing Results .......................................................................................43
Customizing Graph View ......................................................................................................43
Viewing Acquisition Results and Information .......................................................................44
Removing Unwanted Results ................................................................................................49
Viewing Statistics ..................................................................................................................51
Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber ................................................................................54
Creating New Result Files with Selected Fibers .....................................................................56
Documenting Results ............................................................................................................58
Defining a Template for Test Information ..............................................................................62
Saving Results Files ...............................................................................................................63
Exporting Results and Graphs ...............................................................................................64
Customizing Reports .............................................................................................................67
Printing Data ........................................................................................................................69
Closing Result Files ...............................................................................................................72
7 Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter ............................................73
Starting and Exiting the File Converter .................................................................................74
Setting Export Parameters ....................................................................................................76
Exporting PMD Files ..............................................................................................................78
8 Maintenance ................................................................................................81
Cleaning Fixed Connectors ....................................................................................................82
Cleaning EUI Connectors ......................................................................................................84
Recalibrating the Unit ...........................................................................................................86
Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only) ....................................................87
9 Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................89
Solving Common Problems ...................................................................................................89
Viewing Online Documentation ............................................................................................92
Contacting the Technical Support Group ..............................................................................93
Transportation ......................................................................................................................94
10 Warranty ......................................................................................................95
General Information .............................................................................................................95
Liability .................................................................................................................................96
Exclusions .............................................................................................................................97
Certification ..........................................................................................................................97
Service and Repairs ...............................................................................................................98
EXFO Service Centers Worldwide ..........................................................................................99
A Technical Specifications ............................................................................101
iv FTB-5500B
Contents
B Using Third-Party Broadband Light Sources ........................................... 103
Compliance Criteria ............................................................................................................103
Uncertainty Formula ...........................................................................................................105
Index .............................................................................................................. 107
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer v

Certification Information

Certification Information
F.C.C. Information
Electronic test equipment is exempt from Part 15 compliance (FCC) in the United States. However, compliance verification tests are systematically performed on most EXFO equipment.
 Information
Electronic test equipment is subject to the EMC Directive in the European Union. The EN61326 standard prescribes both emission and immunity requirements for laboratory, measurement, and control equipment. This unit has undergone extensive testing according to the European Union Directive and Standards.
vi FTB-5500B
Certification Information
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive
Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue Quebec, Quebec
(418) 683-0211 Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial Trade Name/Model No.: FTB-5500B
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
EN 60825-1:1994 +A2:2001 +A1:2002
EN 55022: 1998 +A2: 2003 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements, and user’s guide
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive And their amendments
Canada, G1M 2K2
PMD Analyzer
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position: Vice-President Research and
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Date: January 09, 2009
Development
Canada, G1M 2K2
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer vii
1 Introducing the FTB-5500B
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Main Features

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is the dispersion of light propagating along a fiber or through a device due to the birefringence property of the material. This dispersion causes a delay between two principal states of polarization
The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer takes full advantage of the IEC- and TIA-approved interferometric method to offer a fast and field-proof unit that can handle almost any situation. This unit, used with the FLS-5800 CD/PMD Analyzer Source, features the best dynamic range on the market to measure links longer than 200 km. The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer covers the O+C+L bandwidth.
The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer offers a dynamic range higher than 50 dB for long-haul applications; multiple-measurement capability for long-term monitoring; and an estimated second-order PMD for DWDM system fiber certifications.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 1
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Typica l A p p l i cations

The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer is a complete PMD analyzer system. It measures PMD using the internationally recognized interferometric method. The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer averages PMD over the complete source wavelength range without any filtering, leaving all the source power for PMD measurement. The full dynamic range remains available to test long fiber spans. It can withstand small vibrations thanks to its fast measurement time and does not require any special environmental setup to perform reliable measurements.
PMD
Handle
FTB-5500B
Port
Typical Applications
The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer can also analyze a signal transmitted through erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) providing a total PMD value for the entire link.
2 FTB-5500B
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory

Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory
The dispersion phenomenon is described as a number of non-intensity-dependant physical occurrences resulting directly in signal loss (pulse spreading or time jitter in a digital system; distortion in an analog system). PMD is an important type of signal dispersion. As unrepeated link distances are increased and transmission rates pushed upwards, PMD can significantly reduce system performance.
To better understand the impact of PMD, consider the example of a pulse passing through a wave plate. Upon entering the wave plate, the pulse is decomposed into polarization components aligned with each of the two birefringent axes of the plate (known as the fast and slow axes). The components propagating independently through the wave plate at different group velocities will recombine at the end of the wave plate as a superposition of two pulses split in time.
The delay between those pulses is designated as the differential group delay (DGD) and is written as δτ. For a Gaussian, unchirped input pulse of rms width σ0, the rms width at the output is given by
2
2
σ
= σ
+ r0 (1 − r0)•δτ
0
where r0 is the fraction of the input-pulse energy launched into one of the birefringence axes.
2
Worst-case spreading occurs when the signal is perfectly split in two (r0 = 1/2), while no spreading occurs if the input state of polarization (SOP) of the launched signal is aligned with one of the birefringence axes.
To generalize this example, consider a long, weakly birefringent telecommunications fiber as a concatenation of many, randomly orientated birefringent wave plates. Each interface between two wave plates redistributes the optical energy along both axes of the subsequent wave plate. This transfer of energy is called mode coupling.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 3
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory
In a long fiber, numerous mode-coupling events occur along the fiber length, so that light emerging from the output end is the superposition of a number of pulses with different delays. Nonetheless, it turns out that for any given optical frequency, principal states of polarization (PSPs) such that a light pulse with the same input SOP as the input PSP, undergoes no spreading. For a single wave plate, the PSPs are the two birefringent axes, whereas for a concatenation of wave plates, neither the input nor the output PSPs correspond to the alignment of the birefringent axes anywhere.
Contrary to the case of a wave plate, the DGD and PSPs of a long fiber are dependent on wavelength and fluctuate in time as a result of environmental variations such as temperature, external mechanical constraints, etc. Their behavior is random, both as a function of wavelength at a given time and as a function of time at a given wavelength. Fortunately, this behavior can be characterized statistically. It can be demonstrated that the probability density function of δτ is Maxwellian and, by definition, PMD is its rms value, that is:
ω, one can always find two orthogonal input
PMD =
Note: PMD is sometimes defined as the mean value of the DGD, which for a
Maxwellian distribution yields a value 17% lower than the rms definition.
If the average is calculated over averaging window is sufficiently large (
4 FTB-5500B
√<DGD2>
ω, PMD is stable in time, provided that the
Δωδτ >> 1).
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory
It is essential to keep in mind that DGD fluctuates in time and can be either smaller or larger than its rms value or PMD. This results in a statistical probability that a pulse (information bit) is broadened, and leads to the eventual impaired ability of the receiver to efficiently decode the information. This adverse PMD effect makes it a critical phenomenon in limiting transmission of high-bit-rate information.
In the case of PMD in a long fiber, there is a specific state called input PSP. In this state, when the input SOP of the signal is aligned with one of its axes, it will propagate through the fiber without any spreading or distortion of the signal. This phenomenon is defined as this specific input SOP such that the output SOP is independent of optical frequency. Again, the worst case occurs when the signal is equally split between both input PSPs.
For long telecom fibers with random coupling of energy between modes (that is L >> h where h is the coupling length), PMD grows as the square root of the distance, whereas PMD of strong HiBi fiber (negligible mode coupling) is directly proportional to the distance. Therefore, the PMD coefficient for negligible mode coupling is expressed as ps/km, while the PMD coefficient for random mode coupling is defined as ps/km
1/2
.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 5
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Conventions

Conventions
Before using the product described in this manual, you should understand the following conventions:
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in component damage. Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions.
IMPORTANT
Refers to information about this product you should not overlook.
6 FTB-5500B

2 Safety Information

WARNING
Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active. Never look directly into a live fiber and ensure that your eyes are protected at all times.
WARNING
Use of controls, adjustments and procedures for operation and maintenance other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure or impair the protection provided by this unit.
Your instrument is a Class 1 laser product in compliance with standards IEC60825-1: 2001, 2007 and 21CFR1040.10. Laser radiation may be encountered at the output port.
The following label indicates that a product contains a Class 1 source:
CLASS 1
LASER PRODUCT
Note: Label shown for information purposes only. It is not affixed to your product.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 7
3 Getting Started with Your
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Inserting and Removing Test Modules

CAUTION
Never insert or remove a module while the FTB-500 is turned on. This will result in immediate and irreparable damage to both the module and unit.
WARNING
When the laser safety LED ( ) is flashing on the FTB-500, at least one of your modules is emitting an optical signal. Please check all modules, as it might not be the one you are currently using.
To insert a module into the FTB-500:
1. Exit ToolBox and turn off your unit.
2. Position the FTB-500 so that its right panel is facing you.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 9
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
3. Take the module and place it so that the connector pins are at the back, as explained and shown below.
Identification sticker must be facing up and connector pins at the right of the retaining screw hole.
FTB-500 right panel
4. Insert the protruding edges of the module into the grooves of the
5. Push the module all the way to the back of the slot, until the retaining
6. Place the FTB-500 so that its left panel is facing you.
Retaining screw
hole at the
back
Identification sticker
facing up
receptacle’s module slot.
screw makes contact with the receptacle casing.
Connector pins at the back
Protruding
edges on top
10 FTB-5500B
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
7. While applying slight pressure to the module, turn the retaining screw clockwise until it is tightened.
This will secure the module into its “seated” position.
Turn retaining screw knob
clockwise
FTB-500 left panel
When you turn on the unit, the startup sequence will automatically detect the module.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 11
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
To remove a module from the FTB-500:
1. Exit ToolBox and turn off your unit.
2. Position the FTB-500 so that the left panel is facing you.
3. Turn the retaining screw counterclockwise until it stops.
The module will be slowly released from the slot.
Turn retaining screw knob(s)
counterclockwise
FTB-500 left panel
4. Place the FTB-500 so that the right panel is facing you.
12 FTB-5500B
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Inserting and Removing Test Modules
5. Hold the module by its sides or by the handle (NOT by the connector) and pull it out.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 13
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application

Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application
Your FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer module can be configured and controlled from its dedicated ToolBox application.
Note: For details about ToolBox, refer to the FTB-500 user guide.
To start the application:
1. From the main window, select the module to use.
It will turn blue to indicate that it is highlighted.
2. Click the corresponding button in the Module Applications box.
14 FTB-5500B
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application
The main window (shown below) contains all the commands required to control the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer:
Data
display
Zoom controls
Power level indicator
Measurement selector
Export controls
Threshold indicator specifies if measurement exceeded value or not
Title bar
Start/Stop button
Function buttons
Status bar
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 15
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application
Data Display
The data display section shows both a graph and a table of results. The graph presents a signal intensity trace as a function of delay. The table presents information and results related to the measurement specified in the measurement selector.
Signal
intensity in
percentage
PMD time
delay in
picoseconds
Measurement
selector
16 FTB-5500B
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Exiting the Application

Status Bar
The status bar, located at the bottom of the main window, identifies the operational status of the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer.
Control mode
Local: Module controlled locally only.
Remote: Module controlled remotely, but local
commands can also be used (some products only).
Lockout: Module controlled remotely only.
Current date and time
Battery indicator
For more information about automating or remotely controlling the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer, refer to your platform user guide.
Exiting the Application
Closing any application that is not currently being used helps freeing system memory.
To close the application from the main window:
Click in the top right corner of the main window.
OR
Click the Exit button located at the bottom of the function bar.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 17
4 Setting Up the Polarization
Mode Dispersion Analyzer
The many features of the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer are controlled by the Windows-compatible ToolBox software. Please refer to the FTB-500 user guide for information regarding the FTB-500.

Defining the Automatic Fiber Name Format

Each time you make a new acquisition, the fiber name changes automatically according to a pattern you will have previously defined. This name corresponds to the concatenation of a static part (prefix) and a variable part that will be incremented.
Note: The fiber name can be modified later with the measurement information
utility. For more information, see Documenting Results on page 58.
To define the fiber name format:
1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab.
2. From the Fiber Auto Naming panel, set the various parameters
according to your needs.
Fiber identification number. Will change
according to the specified increment value.
Number of digits composing the fiber
identification number.
Value that will be added the fiber identification
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 19
Displayed just before the number in the fiber name.
number to build the next fiber name.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds

Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds
The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to specify PMD and coefficient values that will be used to determine whether the results are as expected or if they exceed the specified limits.
Note: You cannot modify or delete the predefined thresholds provided with your
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer.
To add a new threshold:
1. From the button bar, click Setup.
20 FTB-5500B
2. From the PMD Value panel, click Add.
Current
threshold values
(preceded by
bullets)
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds
OR
From the PMD Coefficient panel, click Add.
3. From the PMD Value list, select the threshold that has just been added.
OR
From the PMD Coefficient list, select the threshold that has just been added.
4. Fill in the Name and Value boxes according to your needs.
Note: If you want the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer to use this new
value next time you will make an acquisition, you will have to set it from the main window Parameters tab (see Setting Acquisition Parameters on page 24).
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 21
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds
To m o d i fy a n e xisting threshold:
1. From the button bar, click Setup.
2. From the PMD Value list, select the threshold to be modified.
OR
From the PMD Coefficient list, select the threshold to be modified.
3. Modify the contents of the Name and Valu e boxes according to your needs.
Note: If you want the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer to use this new
value next time you will make an acquisition, you will have to set it from the main window Parameters tab (see Setting Acquisition Parameters on page 24).
22 FTB-5500B
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds
To delete an existing threshold:
1. From the button bar, click Setup.
2. From the PMD Value list, select the threshold to be deleted.
OR
From the PMD Coefficient list, select the threshold to be deleted.
3. Click Delete.
To return to the main window:
From the button bar, click Exit Setup.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 23
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Setting Acquisition Parameters

Setting Acquisition Parameters
Your FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to perform both single and multiple acquisitions on fibers. Regardless of the type of acquisition you choose, you must define the parameters that will be taken into account during the measurements. Parameters are kept in memory even after turning off the FTB-500.
These parameters include:
Parameter Details
Fiber length Parameter compulsory since it will be used for PMD coefficient
calculations. The entered value must be equal to or greater than 0.001 km (1 m).
Fiber type Must be set to one of the following types:
³ Tel ec om; also known as strong coupling. If you are working
directly in the field, you will probably use this fiber type.
³ Polarization-Maintaining; also known as weak coupling.
Note: Traces taken with a particular fiber type cannot
be reanalyzed with a different fiber type afterwards.
Wavelength Must be set to one of the following values:
³ C and L Bands covers the 1460 nm to 1675 nm range.
³ O, C, L Bands covers the 1260 nm to 1675 nm range.
Note: Selecting the O, C, L Bands option will make your
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer slower in acquiring PMD data.
PMD value and coefficient thresholds
24 FTB-5500B
Will act as a comparison value to determine whether results are within a specific limit or not.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Parameter Details
Results storage Offers the following possibilities:
³ Keep Files in Memory allows you to temporarily store the
results in memory for data processing purposes (for example, statistics). However, the more files in memory, the slower the application will be. You may prefer to save results automatically and to process them later.
³ Automatic Save After Measurement: When you select this
option, the application saves every acquisition automatically. It is particularly useful when taking multiple measurements to avoid saturating memory. It is also possible to save traces manually (see Saving Results Files on page 63).
³ You may want to define your own prefix, which will be used
as the static part of the automatic file name when a new file is generated.
The file will automatically be named in the following format:
Setting Acquisition Parameters
Prefix
FILE_2002_12_10_10_25_14.pmdB
Date (YYYY_MM_DD)
Time (HH_MM_SS)
Result file extension
The default prefix is FILE.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 25
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Setting Acquisition Parameters
To set the acquisition parameters:
1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab.
2. From the Fiber Parameters panel, set the fiber length, the fiber type
and the wavelength.
IMPORTANT
Ensure that the selected wavelength (bandwidth) is compatible with the wavelength that will be used for your light source.
26 FTB-5500B
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Setting Acquisition Parameters
3. From the Measurement Parameters panel, select the PMD Threshold and/or Coefficient Threshold list to set the PMD and/or coefficient values.
Note: If you want to modify the contents of PMD Threshold or Coefficient
Threshold boxes, see Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds
on page 20.
4. Set the data storage parameters.
The parameters that you have just set will be used when you make a new acquisition.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 27
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber

Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber
The multiple-measurement mode allows you to make multiple acquisitions on the same fiber by defining the number of measurements and the delay between them. The left part of the status bar indicates the time left until the next measurement.
Results obtained for a specific fiber can be stored in the same file or in distinct files. It is also possible to append new results to an existing file.
One
acquisition
per file
All acquisitions
in the same file
Before being able to use this mode, you must define the general acquisition parameters as well as the parameters that will be specific to multiple acquisitions only.
IMPORTANT
Do not change the test fiber between two acquisitions of a multiple measurement mode test since parameters set for a specific fiber may not apply to all fibers.
28 FTB-5500B
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber
To prepare for multiple acquisitions on a fiber:
1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab.
2. Set the general acquisition parameters as explained in Setting
Acquisition Parameters on page 24.
3. From the Measurement Parameters panel, select Use Multiple-Measurements Mode.
4. From the Measurement Parameters panel, click Setup to set the parameters.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 29
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber
³ In the Measurement Count box, specify the number of
measurements the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer will take on the same fiber.
³ In the Measurement Interval boxes (h, m, s), specify the delay
between each measurement.
³ If you want the application to prompt you when an error occurs,
from the displayed dialog box, select the Show Error Message After Measurement check box. However, be aware that, with this
option, the application interrupts the current test until someone acknowledges the message.
³ If you want all results pertaining to a specific fiber to be saved to
the same file, select the Save in Same File check box.
Do the same if you want the new results to be appended to an existing file and ensure that the desired file is open before starting the test. For more information on opening result files, see Viewing Acquisition Results and Information on page 44.
5. When you are done, click OK to confirm the new settings or Cancel to discard changes.
The parameters that you have just set will be used when you make a new acquisition.
30 FTB-5500B
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Averaging Measurements

Averaging Measurements
When you need extreme precision, you can add one polarization scrambler at the source output port and one at the receiver input port and use the averaging-measurements mode.
This testing mode will average the interferometric envelops at several states of polarization, which allows very precise measurements. If you intend to use this mode, you must provide a number of measurements (scans) corresponding to the number of polarization states to test.
To average measurements:
1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab, select the Use
Averaging-Measurements Mode check box.
2. In the Measurement Count box, enter the number of measurements that will be performed during the averaging process.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 31
5 Operating the Polarization
Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers

IMPORTANT
To ensure maximum power and to avoid erroneous readings:
³ Always inspect fiber ends and make sure that they are clean as
explained below before inserting them into the port. EXFO is not responsible for damage or errors caused by bad fiber cleaning or handling.
³ Ensure that your patchcord has appropriate connectors. Joining
mismatched connectors will damage the ferrules.
To connect the fiber-optic cable to the port:
1. Inspect the fiber using a fiber inspection microscope. If the fiber is
clean, proceed to connecting it to the port. If the fiber is dirty, clean it as explained below.
2. Clean the fiber ends as follows:
2a. Gently wipe the fiber end with a lint-free swab dipped in isopropyl
alcohol.
2b. Use compressed air to dry completely.
2c. Visually inspect the fiber end to ensure its cleanliness.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 33
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers
3. Carefully align the connector and port to prevent the fiber end from touching the outside of the port or rubbing against other surfaces.
If your connector features a key, ensure that it is fully fitted into the port’s corresponding notch.
4. Push the connector in so that the fiber-optic cable is firmly in place, thus ensuring adequate contact.
If your connector features a screwsleeve, tighten the connector enough to firmly maintain the fiber in place. Do not overtighten, as this will damage the fiber and the port.
Note: If your fiber-optic cable is not properly aligned and/or connected, you will
notice heavy loss and reflection.
34 FTB-5500B
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI)

Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI)
The EUI fixed baseplate is available for connectors with angled (APC) or non-angled (UPC) polishing. A green border around the baseplate indicates that it is for APC-type connectors.
Green border
indicates APC
option
Bare metal
(or blue border)
indicates UPC
option
To install an EUI connector adapter onto the EUI baseplate:
1. Hold the EUI connector adapter so the dust cap opens downwards.
2 3 4
2. Close the dust cap in order to hold the connector adapter more firmly.
3. Insert the connector adapter into the baseplate.
4. While pushing firmly, turn the connector adapter clockwise on the
baseplate to lock it in place.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 35
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Setting Up Hardware for Measurements

Setting Up Hardware for Measurements
To measure PMD with the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer, EXFO recommends that you use the FLS-110P Light Source or the FLS-5800 CD/PMD Analyzer Source, which will provide you a larger dynamic range. If you intend to use a third-party light source, see Using Third-Party Broadband Light Sources on page 103.
Before making acquisitions, you must prepare your hardware properly.
To set up hardware for measurements with the FLS-5800 CD/PMD Analyzer Source:
1. Clean and verify the quality of the connectors being used.
2. Connect the device under test (DUT) as shown below.
CD/PMD ANALYZER SOURCE
FLS-5800
ENTER
Setup
Out
On/Off Band C/L
Active
PMD
DUT
FTB-5500B
3. Turn on the FLS-5800 CD/PMD Analyzer.
4. Select the C bandwidth.
5. Tu rn t he so u rce o n.
Note: For more information on the FLS-5800, please refer to the FLS-5800
CD/PMD Analyzer Source user guide included with your product.
36 FTB-5500B
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Setting Up Hardware for Measurements
To set up hardware for measurements using the FLS-110P Light Source:
1. Clean and verify the quality of the connectors being used.
2. Connect the device under test (DUT) as shown below.
PMD
DUT
FTB-5500B
3. Turn on the FLS-110P unit.
4. Press CW to ensure that it is emitting in CW mode.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 37
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Setting Up Hardware for Measurements
5. If applicable, select the C bandwidth.
6. If the FLS-110 Light Source supply indicator flashes, press auto off to
deactivate the Auto Off mode. If this mode remains enabled, the light source could stop emitting during the test.
7. Tu rn t he so u rce o n.
8. Press high to select the highest output power. The HIGH LED lights up.
Note: The low output power can be used but the accuracy of the PMD will be
affected.
Note: For more information on the FLS-110P, please refer to the FLS-110 Light
Source user guide included with your unit.
38 FTB-5500B
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Acquiring Traces

Acquiring Traces
The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to acquire single or multiple traces on a specific fiber. The results are displayed after each acquisition, which means that, in the multiple measurement mode, if you enter five as the number of acquisitions to be performed, the graph and grid content will be updated five times with new results.
Many devices designed to measure PMD are based on the interferometric method. This method supposes that the obtained curves correspond to Gaussian interferograms. The patented design of the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer proposes a new approach.
To help you making links between the two methods, the application provides you with a Gaussian compliance factor. This factor, multiplied by the obtained PMD value, will give you the value you would obtain with a Gaussian-based approach.
To start an acquisition:
1. Set acquisition parameters as described in Setting Acquisition
Parameters on page 24.
2. Verify that the fiber (DUT) is properly connected, that the setup is appropriate, and that the source is activated.
3. From the button bar, click Start to start a measurement sequence.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 39
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
Acquiring Traces
When the measurement is complete, the new PMD results are displayed both in the graph and in the grid.
Threshold indicator specifies if measurement exceeded value or not
40 FTB-5500B
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Performing a Null Measurement

Performing a Null Measurement
This feature allows you to perform an offset nulling of your FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer. During this operation, no light should reach the detector port of the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer.
The very first time you insert an FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer into the FTB-500, the application will prompt you for a nulling.
EXFO recommends that you perform a null measurement just before verifying the input power level to ensure the accuracy of the displayed level.
To perform a null measurement:
1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab. Click Nulling and
follow the on-screen instructions.
2. When nulling is complete, click Close.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 41
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer

Viewing the Input Power Level

Viewing the Input Power Level
The power level indicator is a visual aid to estimate the incoming signal intensity as detected at the input port. The indicator remains visible at all times at the bottom of the screen, except during acquisitions.
To ensure more accurate readings of the power level, EXFO recommends that you perform a nulling first (see Performing a Null Measurement on page 41). The input power level should be in the green area.
42 FTB-5500B

6 Managing Results

Your FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to work with two types of results:
³ Newly acquired results
³ Results loaded from existing files
It also offers customizing, saving, export and printing features based on these results.

Customizing Graph View

With the provided tools, you can zoom in on specific areas of the graph (displayed in the main window Results tab) to have a better view. By default, the application zooms in on the most significant area of the graph. You can also choose to display the graph with a black or a white background. Using a white background can be particularly useful before exporting or printing the graph.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 43
Managing Results

Viewing Acquisition Results and Information

To view specific portions of the graph:
³ Select the desired type of zoom that will be applied when you will
press on the FTB-500 screen (or click on the graph with your mouse).
³ Select the desired mode (pan, zoom type, etc.).
Move view area
(pan)
Zoom in on a
selected area
Automatic zoom in
Automatic zoom out
To toggle between the available graph backgrounds:
Click the button to select the desired background.
Horizontal zoom
Vertical zoom
Horizontal and vertical zoom
To return to the original graph view:
Click the button to revert to most significant graph area.
Viewing Acquisition Results and Information
The application allows you to view current results and information directly or reload data from existing files.
The application provides:
³ a window presenting details for the measurement that you specify
³ a window giving you an overview of all of the available measurements
44 FTB-5500B
Managing Results
Viewing Acquisition Results and Information
Reloading Existing Files
You can reload existing files without losing the current results and information.
To reload an existing file:
1. From the button bar, click Storage and click Open.
A standard Open dialog box is displayed, allowing you to select the desired file.
Note: You can speed up file selection by selecting several files at the same time.
2. When you are done, from the displayed dialog box, click Open to load
the files.
3. From the button bar, click Exit Storage.
Note: If you omit to select a result from the list, the main window Results tab will
remain empty until you select one (see Viewing Results on page 46).
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 45
Managing Results
Viewing Acquisition Results and Information
Viewing Results
The application presents a graph and a results grid containing details on the specified measurement. It also offers a general view of both current results and reloaded files. In the general view window, you can find a legend of the symbols used to identify the measurement status.
Many devices designed to measure PMD are based on the interferometric method. This method supposes that the obtained curves correspond to Gaussian interferograms. The patented design of the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer proposes a new approach.
To help you making links between the two methods, the application provides you with a Gaussian compliance factor. This factor, multiplied by the obtained PMD value, will give you the value you would obtain with a Gaussian-based approach.
To view a specific result and the related information:
1. From the main window Results tab, use the arrow next to the
measurement selector to specify which measurement to display.
Measurement
selector
46 FTB-5500B
Managing Results
Viewing Acquisition Results and Information
2. From the provided dialog box, select the desired measurement. Click
Select to confirm your choice or Cancel to discard the changes.
The graph and the grid are automatically updated accordingly.
Since the application displays only one result at a time, if you want distinct fibers to be considered as sections of a single fiber, use the linking feature (see Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber on page 54).
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 47
Managing Results
Viewing Acquisition Results and Information
To display an overall view of the results:
From the button bar, click Storage. All the current results and open files are listed.
Measurement
status
Legend
button
Click Legend to display the list of the symbols used.
If you want to modify the information of a specific measurement, see Documenting Results on page 58.
48 FTB-5500B

Removing Unwanted Results

When a problem occurs, such as a fiber break, you may want to remove the corresponding erroneous measurement. This could be useful to avoid distorting results and statistics.
Note: You can only remove measurements (not fibers).
IMPORTANT
If you remove all measurements from a specific file (represented by a ), this file will be deleted automatically from the hard disk of your FTB-500.
Managing Results
Removing Unwanted Results
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 49
Managing Results
Removing Unwanted Results
To remove unwanted results:
1. From the button bar, click Storage.
2. From the provided list, select the measurement to be removed and
click Remove.
3. A confirmation message will be displayed. Click Yes to confirm.
4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 for each measurement you want to remove.
The removal will only be effective if you save the changes (see Saving Results Files on page 63). If you want to discard the changes, simply
answer “No” when the application will prompt you to save the file.
50 FTB-5500B
Managing Results

Viewing Statistics

Viewing Statistics
The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer offers two types of statistics:
³ Single fiber: based on measurements from a specific fiber
³ Multiple fiber: based on measurements from one or many fibers
The provided values include mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum results for PMD value, as well as coefficient.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 51
Managing Results
Viewing Statistics
To view statistics for a single fiber:
1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend
to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage.
2. From the main window, click the Tools tab. Click Single-Fiber Statistics. Statistics for the first fiber on the list appears in the grid.
Selected fiber
Measurements
associated with
selected fiber
Statistics values for the selected fiber
You can specify which measurements must be taken into account for statistics by selecting or clearing the corresponding boxes. The Select All button allows you to quickly select all the boxes. The Select Valid button selects all the measurements that do not exceed the specified thresholds.
52 FTB-5500B
To view statistics for multiple fibers:
1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend
2. Click the Tools tab. Select Multiple-Fiber Statistics. Statistics based on
Selected fibers
Measurements
associated with
highlighted
fiber
Managing Results
Viewing Statistics
to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage.
all the fibers on the list appears in the grid.
Statistics values based on all selected fibers
You can specify which fibers must be taken into account by selecting or clearing the corresponding boxes from the selected fibers list. The Select All and Deselect All buttons allow you to quickly perform selections.
For each fiber, you can also specify which measurements must be included in statistics. You simply have to click on the desired fiber to display the related measurements and to select or clear the corresponding measurement boxes. The Select All button allows you to quickly select all the boxes. The Select Valid button selects all the measurements that do not exceed the specified thresholds.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 53
Managing Results

Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber

Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber
The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to link distinct fibers so that you can view PMD value and coefficient exactly as if they were sections of a single fiber. This is useful in cases where a long fiber cannot be tested directly from one end to the other.
The application gives information about length, PMD value and coefficient as well as the number of sections in the new fiber. The PMD value for the entire link corresponds to the following equation:
Σ(PMD
To view results for the new fiber:
1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend
to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage.
2
)
54 FTB-5500B
Selected fibers
Measurements
associated with
highlighted
fiber
Managing Results
Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber
2. From the main window, click the Tools tab. Select Make Link. Information based on all the fibers on the list appears in the grid.
Results and information based on all selected fibers
You can specify which fibers must be taken into account by selecting or clearing the corresponding boxes from the selected fibers list. The Select All and Deselect All buttons allow you to quickly perform selections.
For each fiber, you can also specify which measurements must be included in the statistics. Simply select the desired fiber to display the related measurements and select or clear the corresponding measurement boxes. The Select All button allows you to quickly select all the boxes. The Select Valid button selects all the measurements that do not exceed the specified thresholds.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 55
Managing Results

Creating New Result Files with Selected Fibers

Creating New Result Files with Selected Fibers
It is possible to merge data taken from distinct files into a single file by selecting the desired fibers. Creating this new file does not affect the original files, unless you explicitly ask to overwrite one of the files.
To create a new result file:
1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend
to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage.
2. From the main window, click the Too ls tab. Ensure that Multiple-Fiber Statistics or Make Link is selected.
File generator
button
Selected fibers
Measurements
associated with
highlighted
fiber
You can specify which fibers must be taken into account by selecting or clearing the corresponding boxes from the selected fibers list. The Select All and Deselect All buttons allow you to quickly perform selections.
56 FTB-5500B
Managing Results
Creating New Result Files with Selected Fibers
For each fiber, you can also specify which measurements must be included in statistics. Simply select the desired fiber to display the related measurements and select or clear the corresponding measurement boxes.
The Select All button allows you to quickly select all the boxes.
The Select Valid button selects all the measurements that do not exceed the specified thresholds.
3. From the Tools tab, click Build File.
4. When prompted, name the file to your convenience and save it.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 57
Managing Results

Documenting Results

Documenting Results
For easier management, you may want to add comments and information about the tests that are performed. It is possible to include general and specific information.
General information concerns jobs, receiver and source. Specific information is related to files, fibers and measurements. This information could be included later in reports or in exported ASCII files.
To speed up general information entry, you can also define a template that will be used for all new tests (see Defining a Template for Test Information on page 62).
To add general information:
1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend
to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, select Exit Storage.
2. From the main window, click the Results tab.
58 FTB-5500B
Managing Results
Documenting Results
3. To specify which test must be documented, select any measurement related to this test using the measurement selector.
3
Measurement
selector
4. Click Notepad to access the documentation window.
Results
documentation
indicator
5. Fill in the boxes according to your needs. When you are done, click
Exit Notepad.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 59
2
Managing Results
Documenting Results
To add specific information:
1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend
to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage.
2. Select the item you wish to document with the measurement selector and click the Measurement Information button to access the documentation window.
Measurement
selector
60 FTB-5500B
Managing Results
Documenting Results
3. Fill in the boxes according to your needs.
Information associated with selected item
IMPORTANT
Except for comments, all the information that you set for a measurement will be automatically applied to other measurements associated with the same fiber.
The modifications will only be effective if you save them (see Saving Results Files on page 63). If you want to discard the changes, simply
answer “No” when the application will prompt you to save the file.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 61
Managing Results

Defining a Template for Test Information

Defining a Template for Test Information
It is possible to define a template that will be used to fill the general information boxes of all new tests. This way, you can simply make a few changes instead of having to fill in each box manually.
To define a template for test information:
1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab.
2. Click Notepad to access the documentation window.
Te mp l a te
mode
indicator
3. Fill in the boxes to build your template to your needs. When you are done, click Exit Notepad.
The information you have just entered will be automatically transferred into the corresponding boxes of all the new tests you will perform.
62 FTB-5500B
Managing Results

Saving Results Files

Saving Results Files
Results files can be saved automatically after each measurement (see Setting Acquisition Parameters on page 24) or manually when the need arises (current file or all open files).
Note: Full customization of file names is only possible when saving files
manually, one file at a time.
Note: If former results have not been saved yet, the application prompts you to
save them before starting a new test.
To save files:
From the button bar, click Quick Save to save all open files at the same time (no file name will be requested).
OR
From the button bar, click Storage, and click:
³ Save As to save only the current file (you will be prompted to provide a
file name).
³ Save All to save all open files at the same time (no file name will be
requested).
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 63
Managing Results

Exporting Results and Graphs

Exporting Results and Graphs
The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer offers you the possibility of quickly building your own reports by copying results and graphs to the clipboard. Afterwards, the content of the clipboard can be pasted onto a word-processor document of your choice. Graphs are exported exactly as you see them on the screen (zoom factor and display are kept) except for background.
If you prefer to work with raw data to build your own tables and graphs see Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter on page 73.
Since information is stored to clipboard, you cannot export both results and graph simultaneously. You must copy them one at a time.
IMPORTANT
64 FTB-5500B
To export results to clipboard:
1. From the main window Results tab, use the measurement selector to
Measurement
selector
Managing Results
Exporting Results and Graphs
specify which measurement must be displayed.
2. Click Copy Results.
3. Paste the content of the clipboard onto a word processor document,
for example.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 65
Managing Results
Exporting Results and Graphs
To export graphs to clipboard:
1. From the main window Results tab, use the measurement selector to
specify which measurement must be displayed.
Measurement
selector
2. Adjust graph display to your needs. For more information, see
Customizing Graph View on page 43.
3. Click Copy Graph.
4. Paste the content of the clipboard onto a word processor document,
for example.
66 FTB-5500B
Managing Results

Customizing Reports

Customizing Reports
The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer provides many report types that are used for printing. For each type of report, you can specify which information must be included in your document.
To set up report parameters:
1. From the button bar, click Print.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 67
Managing Results
Customizing Reports
2. From the Setup tab, customize the report to suit your needs.
³ You can customize the title by entering it in the Report Title box.
³ You can also add a logo by using the Browse button.
³ Select the boxes corresponding to the information you want to see
in your report and clear those you do not want to see.
3. When you are done, from the button bar, click Exit Print. The report parameters are automatically saved for future use.
68 FTB-5500B
Managing Results

Printing Data

The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to preview and to print reports containing the test results or statistics from Microsoft Internet Explorer. For information on how to modify report templates, see Customizing Reports on page 67.
To preview or print a report:
1. From the button bar, click Print.
Printing Data
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 69
Managing Results
Printing Data
2. From the Print tab, select the desired report type.
Note: If you do not customize the graph appearance, it will be presented with the
default settings (no zoom factor).
Note: Graphs only appear in reports if you select the Measurements Report
option.
Select which items must be included. The table below gives you more information on possible selections.
If you have selected... Specify...
Measurements Which measurements must be included in
the report by selecting the corresponding boxes.
You can also click Select All or Deselect All to quickly select or clear all boxes at the same time.
70 FTB-5500B
Managing Results
Printing Data
If you have selected... Specify...
Fibers Which fibers must be included in the report
by selecting the corresponding boxes.
You can also click Select All or Deselect All to quickly select or clear all boxes at the same time.
Statistics No fiber or measurement selection can be
made from the current window. You can select the fibers you want to include, but not the individual measurements.
Link No fiber or measurement selection can be
made from the current window. You can select the fibers you want to include, but not the individual measurements.
3. When you are done, click Print to open the preview. If you want to send the document to a printer, use the Print function of Microsoft Internet Explorer.
4. From the button bar, click Exit Print to return to the main window.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 71
Managing Results

Closing Result Files

Closing Result Files
For easier result management, you may want to close the result files manually.
Note: You do not need to close files manually before exiting the Polarization
Mode Dispersion Analyzer application. You will be prompted if some result files have not been saved.
To c l os e f i le s :
1. From the button bar, click Storage, and click:
³ Close to close only the current file.
³ Close All to close all open files at the same time.
2. When you are done, from the button bar, click Exit Storage to return to the main window.
72 FTB-5500B
7 Exporting PMD Files with the
File Converter
The File Converter tool has been designed to export PMD files to specific formats:
³ From PMD-5500 files to PMD-5500B files (allows to load files created
with former PMD Analyzer)
³ From PMD-5500 files to ASCII files
³ From PMD-5500B files to ASCII files
You can also fully customize the contents of the generated files by exporting only the information you need.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 73
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter

Starting and Exiting the File Converter

Starting and Exiting the File Converter
To start the converter:
³ From ToolBox, click the Applications tab. Click PMD File
ImportExport.
OR
³ From the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer
application, click the Storage button. Click Converter.
74 FTB-5500B
Files to be
exported
Information
about the
export
process
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter
Starting and Exiting the File Converter
The File Converter main window is displayed.
Function tabs
To exit the converter:
³ Click (in the top right corner of the main window).
³ Click the Exit button located at the bottom of the function bar.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 75
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter

Setting Export Parameters

Setting Export Parameters
Before exporting data from one format to another, you must define:
³ Which information must be exported: You can export general test
information (fiber ID, thresholds, PMD value, etc.) as well as points from the acquired traces. This is particularly useful if you intend to build your own graphs using Microsoft Excel, for instance.
³ The conversion type (from PMD-5500 to PMD-5500B, from PMD-5500 to
ASCII or from PMD-5500B to ASCII).
³ Where to export files.
The parameters you set will remain unchanged until you choose to modify them. They will still be available after the computer has shut down.
To set export parameters:
1. Open the File Converter tool (see Starting and Exiting the File
Converter on page 74).
2. Select the desired conversion type.
76 FTB-5500B
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter
Setting Export Parameters
3. If you selected a conversion to the ASCII format, from the Settings function tab, select all the boxes corresponding to the information you want to export.
Note: If you select Interferometric Envelope, all points acquired during the test
will be exported.
4. From the Export Folder panel, click the Browse button to specify in which folder the exported files will be stored.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 77
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter

Exporting PMD Files

Exporting PMD Files
Once the export parameters are set, you are now ready to start exporting PMD files. Files that cannot be exported (for example, corrupt files) will be skipped and their export status will change to “Fa ile d”.
IMPORTANT
To avoid errors during file export, ensure that all the files you intend to use are closed. A file that is selected in the Results tab of the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer main window is considered open.
To e x p o rt P MD fi l es :
1. If necessary, close the files that you want to export (see Closing Result
Files on page 72).
2. If necessary, start the converter (see Starting and Exiting the File Converter on page 74).
3. If necessary, set up the export parameters (see Setting Export Parameters on page 76).
4. Click the Converter function tab of the File Converter.
78 FTB-5500B
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter
Exporting PMD Files
5. Select the files.
5a. From the Files to Export panel, click Add.
A standard Open dialog box is displayed, allowing you to choose the desired file(s).
Note: You can speed up file selection by selecting several files at the same time.
5b. When you are done, click Open to transfer the files to the list.
You can remove a specific file by selecting it and clicking Remove. If you want to quickly empty the list, click Remove All.
6. From the Export Control panel, click the Export File(s) button to start the export process.
Successful export
Unsuccessful
export
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 79

8 Maintenance

To help ensure long, trouble-free operation:
³ Always inspect fiber-optic connectors before using them and clean
them if necessary.
³ Keep the unit free of dust.
³ Clean the unit casing and front panel with a cloth slightly dampened
with water.
³ Store unit at room temperature in a clean and dry area. Keep the unit
out of direct sunlight.
³ Avoid high humidity or significant temperature fluctuations.
³ Avoid unnecessary shocks and vibrations.
³ If any liquids are spilled on or into the unit, turn off the power
immediately and let the unit dry completely.
Use of controls, adjustments, and procedures for operation and maintenance other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
WARNING
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 81
Maintenance

Cleaning Fixed Connectors

Cleaning Fixed Connectors
Regular cleaning of connectors will help maintain optimum performance. Do not try to disassemble the unit. Doing so would break the connector.
To clean fixed connectors:
1. Fold a lint-free wiping cloth in four to form a square.
2. Moisten the center of the lint-free wiping cloth with only one drop of
isopropyl alcohol.
Alcohol may leave traces if used abundantly. Avoid contact between the tip of the bottle and the wiping cloth, and do not use bottles that distribute too much alcohol at a time.
3. Gently wipe the connector threads three times with the folded and moistened section of the wiping cloth.
IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT
Isopropyl alcohol takes approximately ten seconds to evaporate. Since isopropyl alcohol is not absolutely pure, evaporation will leave microscopic residue. Make sure you dry the surfaces before evaporation occurs.
4. With a dry lint-free wiping cloth, gently wipe the same surfaces three times with a rotating movement.
5. Throw out the wiping cloths after one use.
82 FTB-5500B
Maintenance
Cleaning Fixed Connectors
6. Moisten a cleaning tip (2.5 mm tip) with only one drop of isopropyl alcohol.
IMPORTANT
Alcohol may leave traces if used abundantly. Avoid contact between the tip of the bottle and the cleaning tip, and do not use bottles that distribute too much alcohol at a time.
7. Slowly insert the cleaning tip into the connector until it reaches the ferrule inside (a slow clockwise rotating movement may help).
7
8
9
8. Gently turn the cleaning tip one full turn.
9. Continue to turn as you withdraw the cleaning tip.
10. Repeat steps 7 to 9, but this time with a dry cleaning tip (2.5 mm tip
provided by EXFO).
Note: Make sure you don’t touch the soft end of the cleaning tip and verify the
cleanliness of the cotton tip.
11. Throw out the cleaning tips after one use.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 83
Maintenance

Cleaning EUI Connectors

Cleaning EUI Connectors
Regular cleaning of EUI connectors will help maintain optimum performance. There is no need to disassemble the unit.
If any damage occurs to internal connectors, the module casing will have to be opened and a new calibration will be required.
To clean EUI connectors:
1. Remove the EUI from the instrument to expose the connector
baseplate and ferrule.
IMPORTANT
Turn
Push
2. Moisten a 2.5 mm cleaning tip with one drop of isopropyl alcohol (alcohol may leave traces if used abundantly).
3. Slowly insert the cleaning tip into the EUI adapter until it comes out on the other side (a slow clockwise rotating movement may help).
Pull
3
4
5
4. Gently turn the cleaning tip one full turn, then continue to turn as you withdraw it.
84 FTB-5500B
Cleaning EUI Connectors
5. Repeat steps 3 to 4 with a dry cleaning tip.
Note: Make sure you don’t touch the soft end of the cleaning tip.
6. Clean the ferrule in the connector port as follows:
6a. Deposit one drop of isopropyl alcohol on a lint-free wiping cloth.
IMPORTANT
Isopropyl alcohol may leave residues if used abundantly or left to evaporate (about 10 seconds).
Avoid contact between the tip of the bottle and the wiping cloth, and dry the surface quickly.
6b. Gently wipe the connector and ferrule.
6c. With a dry lint-free wiping cloth, gently wipe the same surfaces to
ensure that the connector and ferrule are perfectly dry.
6d. Verify connector surface with a portable fiber-optic
microscope(for example, EXFO’s FOMS) or fiber inspection probe(for example, EXFO’s FIP).
Maintenance
WARNING
Verifying the surface of the connector WHILE THE UNIT IS ACTIVE WILL result in permanent eye damage.
7. Put the EUI back onto the instrument (push and turn clockwise).
8. Throw out cleaning tips and wiping cloths after one use.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 85
Maintenance

Recalibrating the Unit

Recalibrating the Unit
Manufacturing and service center calibrations are based on the ISO/IEC 17025 Standard, which states that calibration documents must not contain a recommended calibration interval, unless this has been previously agreed upon with the customer.
Validity of specifications depends on operating conditions. For example, the calibration validity period can be longer or shorter depending on the intensity of use, environmental conditions and unit maintenance. You should determine the adequate calibration interval for your unit according to your accuracy requirements.
Under normal use, EXFO recommends calibrating your unit every year.
86 FTB-5500B
Maintenance

Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only)

Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only)
Recycle or dispose of your product (including electric and electronic accessories) properly, in accordance with local regulations. Do not dispose of it in ordinary garbage receptacles.
This equipment was sold after August 13, 2005 (as identified by the black rectangle).
³ Unless otherwise noted in a separate agreement between EXFO and a
customer, distributor, or commercial partner, EXFO will cover costs related to the collection, treatment, recovery, and disposal of end-of-lifecycle waste generated by electronic equipment introduced after August 13, 2005 to an European Union member state with legislation regarding Directive 2002/96/EC.
³ Except for reasons of safety or environmental benefit, equipment
manufactured by EXFO, under its brand name, is generally designed to facilitate dismantling and reclamation.
For complete recycling/disposal procedures and contact information, visit the EXFO Web site at www.exfo.com/recycle.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 87

9 Troubleshooting

Solving Common Problems

Before calling EXFO’s technical support, you may want to consider the following solutions to problems that could occur.
Message Possible cause Solution
Detected signal is out of user selected band.
Strong signal detected out of the selected band. Measurement may be erroneous.
Narrowband optical source detected. Measurement may be erroneous.
The frequency range of signal is out of measuring range. The acquisition operation was canceled.
No signal detected in the selected band. However, another signal has been detected outside the specified band. The application will try to take a measurement using the specified band.
Signal detected in the selected band. However, another strong signal has been detected elsewhere on the whole measurement band. Measurement accuracy can be affected.
The source being used has a very narrow bandwidth that prevents an accurate PMD measurement.
The frequency range of signal is out of measuring range (160 THz to 250 THz).
³ Ensure the source is on.
³ Ensure the source
wavelength matches the selected band for the Polarization M o d e Dispersion Analyzer.
Turn off the sources emitting at wavelengths that do not match the selected band for the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer.
³ Use a LED or SLED
source.
³ Ensure no narrow
source is used for the selected band.
³ Use a source with a
wavelength matching the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer bands.
³ Ensure that the source
power is sufficient.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 89
Troubleshooting
Solving Common Problems
Message Possible cause Solution
Low signal-to-noise ratio. Power too-low in the
selected band.
Possible coupling mode selection error.
The selected coupling mode (Telecom or Polarization-Maintaining) does not match the coupling mode the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer detects. Calculation will be performed using the selected coupling mode.
The signal is too low to compute a PMD value. The acquisition operation was canceled.
³ Power too-low in the
selected band.
³ The source being used
is modulated.
³ Use a source with a
higher output power.
³ Clean connectors
carefully.
³ Ensure connections are
made properly.
³ Ensure the source
wavelength matches the selected band for the Polarization M o d e Dispersion Analyzer.
Ensure that the selected coupling mode is appropriate.
³ Ensure the input power
is sufficient.
³ Use a LED or SLED
source.
The signal is saturated. Unable to compute PMD
Power is too high. Reduce the source output
power. value. The acquisition operation was canceled.
90 FTB-5500B
Troubleshooting
Solving Common Problems
Message Possible cause Solution
Specifications not guaranteed, retesting recommended.
The PMD value might no be within the unit’s specification:
³ You r PMD A naly z e r
measures low PMD values from a weak coupling device (for example, PMF) and analyzer input polarization state is not appropriate.
³ External parasitic signal
during measurement (for example, live fiber).
³ Move fiber or device
slightly to change polarization state and retest.
³ Remove parasitic signal
and retest.
Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer 91
Troubleshooting

Viewing Online Documentation

Viewing Online Documentation
An online version of the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer user guide is available at all times from the application.
To access the online user guide:
Click Help in the function bar.
92 FTB-5500B
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