CISCO WS-C2950-12, Catalyst 2950 User Manual
Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch
Software Configuration Guide
Cisco IOS Release 12.1(22)EA5
July 2005
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Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch Software Configuration Guide
Copyright © 2001–2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Preface xxvii
Audience xxvii
Purpose xxvii
Conventions xxviii
Related Publications xxix
Obtaining Documentation xxix
Cisco.com xxx
Product Documentation DVD xxx
Ordering Documentation xxx
Documentation Feedback xxxi
Cisco Product Security Overview xxxi
Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products xxxi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
Obtaining Technical Assistance xxxii
Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website xxxii
Submitting a Service Request xxxiii
Definitions of Service Request Severity xxxiii
Obtaining Additional Publications and Information xxxiii
1 Overview 1-1
Features 1-1
Ease of Use and Ease of Deployment 1-2
Performance 1-3
Manageability 1-4
Redundancy 1-5
VLAN Support 1-6
Security 1-6
Quality of Service and Class of Service 1-7
Monitoring 1-8
LRE Features (available only on Catalyst 2950 LRE switches) 1-8
Management Options 1-9
Management Interface Options 1-9
Advantages of Using Network Assistant and Clustering Switches 1-10
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Network Configuration Examples 1-11
Design Concepts for Using the Switch 1-12
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Small to Medium-Sized Network Configuration 1-15
Collapsed Backbone and Switch Cluster Configuration 1-16
Hotel Network Configuration 1-17
Service-Provider Central-Office Configuration 1-20
Large Campus Configuration 1-21
Multidwelling Network Using Catalyst 2950 Switches 1-22
Long-Distance, High-Bandwidth Transport Configuration 1-24
Where to Go Next 1-24
CHAPTER
2 Using the Command-Line Interface 2-1
Cisco IOS Command Modes 2-1
Getting Help 2-3
Abbreviating Commands 2-4
Using no and default Forms of Commands 2-4
Understanding CLI Messages 2-5
Using Command History 2-5
Changing the Command History Buffer Size 2-5
Recalling Commands 2-6
Disabling the Command History Feature 2-6
Using Editing Features 2-6
Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 2-6
Editing Commands through Keystrokes 2-7
Editing Command Lines that Wrap 2-8
Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands 2-9
Accessing the CLI 2-9
CHAPTER
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3 Configuring Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms 3-1
Understanding Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms 3-1
Global Status Monitoring Alarms 3-2
FCS Error Hysteresis Threshold 3-2
Port Status Monitoring Alarms 3-3
Triggering Alarm Options 3-3
Configuring Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms 3-4
Default Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarm Configuration 3-4
Configuring the Power Supply Alarm 3-5
Setting the Power Mode 3-5
Setting the Power Supply Alarm Options 3-5
Configuring the Switch Temperature Alarms 3-6
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Setting a Secondary Temperature Threshold for the Switch 3-6
Associating the Temperature Alarms to a Relay 3-7
Configuring the FCS Bit Error Rate Alarm 3-7
Setting the FCS Error Threshold 3-8
Setting the FCS Error Hysteresis Threshold 3-8
Configuring Alarm Profiles 3-9
Creating or Modifying an Alarm Profile 3-9
Attaching an Alarm Profile to a Specific Port 3-10
Enabling SNMP Traps 3-11
Displaying Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms Status 3-11
Contents
CHAPTER
4 Assigning the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway 4-1
Understanding the Boot Process 4-1
Assigning Switch Information 4-2
Default Switch Information 4-3
Understanding DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration 4-3
DHCP Client Request Process 4-4
Configuring DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration 4-5
DHCP Server Configuration Guidelines 4-5
Configuring the TFTP Server 4-6
Configuring the DNS 4-6
Configuring the Relay Device 4-7
Obtaining Configuration Files 4-8
Example Configuration 4-9
Manually Assigning IP Information 4-10
Checking and Saving the Running Configuration 4-11
Modifying the Startup Configuration 4-11
Default Boot Configuration 4-12
Automatically Downloading a Configuration File 4-12
Specifying the Filename to Read and Write the System Configuration 4-12
Booting Manually 4-13
Booting a Specific Software Image 4-13
Controlling Environment Variables 4-14
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Scheduling a Reload of the Software Image 4-16
Configuring a Scheduled Reload 4-16
Displaying Scheduled Reload Information 4-17
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5 Configuring IE2100 CNS Agents 5-1
Understanding IE2100 Series Configuration Registrar Software 5-1
CNS Configuration Service 5-2
CNS Event Service 5-3
NameSpace Mapper 5-3
What You Should Know About ConfigID, DeviceID, and Host Name 5-3
ConfigID 5-3
DeviceID 5-4
Host Name and DeviceID 5-4
Using Host Name, DeviceID, and ConfigID 5-4
Understanding CNS Embedded Agents 5-5
Initial Configuration 5-5
Incremental (Partial) Configuration 5-6
Synchronized Configuration 5-6
Configuring CNS Embedded Agents 5-6
Enabling Automated CNS Configuration 5-6
Enabling the CNS Event Agent 5-8
Enabling the CNS Configuration Agent 5-9
Enabling an Initial Configuration 5-9
Enabling a Partial Configuration 5-12
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CHAPTER
Displaying CNS Configuration 5-12
6 Clustering Switches 6-1
Understanding Switch Clusters 6-1
Clustering Overview 6-1
Cluster Command Switch Characteristics 6-2
Standby Command Switch Characteristics 6-2
Candidate Switch and Member Switch Characteristics 6-3
Using the CLI to Manage Switch Clusters 6-4
Catalyst 1900 and Catalyst 2820 CLI Considerations 6-4
Using SNMP to Manage Switch Clusters 6-4
7 Administering the Switch 7-1
Managing the System Time and Date 7-1
Understanding the System Clock 7-1
Understanding Network Time Protocol 7-2
Configuring NTP 7-3
Default NTP Configuration 7-4
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Configuring NTP Authentication 7-4
Configuring NTP Associations 7-5
Configuring NTP Broadcast Service 7-6
Configuring NTP Access Restrictions 7-8
Configuring the Source IP Address for NTP Packets 7-10
Displaying the NTP Configuration 7-11
Configuring Time and Date Manually 7-11
Setting the System Clock 7-11
Displaying the Time and Date Configuration 7-12
Configuring the Time Zone 7-12
Configuring Summer Time (Daylight Saving Time) 7-13
Configuring a System Name and Prompt 7-14
Default System Name and Prompt Configuration 7-15
Configuring a System Name 7-15
Understanding DNS 7-15
Default DNS Configuration 7-16
Setting Up DNS 7-16
Displaying the DNS Configuration 7-17
Contents
CHAPTER
Creating a Banner 7-17
Default Banner Configuration 7-17
Configuring a Message-of-the-Day Login Banner 7-18
Configuring a Login Banner 7-19
Managing the MAC Address Table 7-19
Building the Address Table 7-20
MAC Addresses and VLANs 7-20
Default MAC Address Table Configuration 7-21
Changing the Address Aging Time 7-21
Removing Dynamic Address Entries 7-21
Configuring MAC Address Notification Traps 7-22
Adding and Removing Static Address Entries 7-24
Configuring Unicast MAC Address Filtering 7-25
Displaying Address Table Entries 7-26
Managing the ARP Table 7-26
8 Configuring Switch-Based Authentication 8-1
Preventing Unauthorized Access to Your Switch 8-1
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Protecting Access to Privileged EXEC Commands 8-2
Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration 8-2
Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password 8-3
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Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption 8-4
Disabling Password Recovery 8-5
Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line 8-6
Configuring Username and Password Pairs 8-7
Configuring Multiple Privilege Levels 8-8
Setting the Privilege Level for a Command 8-8
Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines 8-9
Logging into and Exiting a Privilege Level 8-10
Controlling Switch Access with TACACS+ 8-10
Understanding TACACS+ 8-10
TACACS+ Operation 8-12
Configuring TACACS+ 8-12
Default TACACS+ Configuration 8-13
Identifying the TACACS+ Server Host and Setting the Authentication Key 8-13
Configuring TACACS+ Login Authentication 8-14
Configuring TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services 8-16
Starting TACACS+ Accounting 8-17
Displaying the TACACS+ Configuration 8-17
Controlling Switch Access with RADIUS 8-17
Understanding RADIUS 8-18
RADIUS Operation 8-19
Configuring RADIUS 8-20
Default RADIUS Configuration 8-20
Identifying the RADIUS Server Host 8-20
Configuring RADIUS Login Authentication 8-23
Defining AAA Server Groups 8-25
Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services 8-27
Starting RADIUS Accounting 8-28
Configuring Settings for All RADIUS Servers 8-29
Configuring the Switch to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes 8-29
Configuring the Switch for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication 8-30
Displaying the RADIUS Configuration 8-31
Configuring the Switch for Local Authentication and Authorization 8-32
Configuring the Switch for Secure Shell 8-33
Understanding SSH 8-33
SSH Servers, Integrated Clients, and Supported Versions 8-33
Limitations 8-34
Configuring SSH 8-34
Configuration Guidelines 8-34
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Cryptographic Software Image Guidelines 8-35
Setting Up the Switch to Run SSH 8-35
Configuring the SSH Server 8-36
Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status 8-37
Configuring the Switch for Secure Copy Protocol 8-37
Contents
CHAPTER
9 Configuring IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication 9-1
Understanding IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication 9-1
Device Roles 9-2
Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange 9-3
Ports in Authorized and Unauthorized States 9-4
IEEE 802.1x Accounting 9-5
IEEE 802.1x Accounting Attribute-Value Pairs 9-5
IEEE 802.1x Host Mode 9-6
Using IEEE 802.1x with Port Security 9-7
Using IEEE 802.1x with Voice VLAN Ports 9-8
Using IEEE 802.1x with VLAN Assignment 9-8
Using IEEE 802.1x with Guest VLAN 9-9
Using IEEE 802.1x with Wake-on-LAN 9-10
Unidirectional State 9-10
Bidirectional State 9-10
Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication 9-11
Default IEEE 802.1x Configuration 9-11
IEEE 802.1x Configuration Guidelines 9-12
Upgrading from a Previous Software Release 9-13
Enabling IEEE 802.1x Authentication 9-14
Configuring the Switch-to-RADIUS-Server Communication 9-15
Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication Using a RADIUS Server 9-16
Enabling Periodic Re-Authentication 9-17
Manually Re-Authenticating a Client Connected to a Port 9-18
Changing the Quiet Period 9-18
Changing the Switch-to-Client Retransmission Time 9-19
Setting the Switch-to-Client Frame-Retransmission Number 9-19
Configuring the Host Mode 9-20
Configuring a Guest VLAN 9-21
Resetting the IEEE 802.1x Configuration to the Default Values 9-22
Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication 9-23
Configuring IEEE 802.1x Accounting 9-24
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Displaying IEEE 802.1x Statistics and Status 9-25
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10 Configuring Interface Characteristics 10-1
Understanding Interface Types 10-1
Access Ports 10-2
Trunk Ports 10-2
Port-Based VLANs 10-3
EtherChannel Port Groups 10-3
Connecting Interfaces 10-4
Using the Interface Command 10-4
Procedures for Configuring Interfaces 10-5
Configuring a Range of Interfaces 10-6
Configuring and Using Interface-Range Macros 10-7
Configuring Ethernet Interfaces 10-9
Default Ethernet Interface Configuration 10-9
Configuring Interface Speed and Duplex Mode 10-10
Configuration Guidelines 10-11
Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters on a Non-LRE Switch Port 10-12
Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters on an LRE Switch Port 10-13
Configuring Media Types for Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces on LRE Switches 10-13
Configuring IEEE 802.3z Flow Control on Gigabit Ethernet Ports 10-13
Adding a Description for an Interface 10-15
Configuring Loopback Detection 10-15
CHAPTER
Monitoring and Maintaining the Interfaces 10-16
Monitoring Interface and Controller Status 10-16
Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters 10-17
Shutting Down and Restarting the Interface 10-17
11 Configuring Smartports Macros 11-1
Understanding Smartports Macros 11-1
Configuring Smartports Macros 11-2
Default Smartports Macro Configuration 11-2
Smartports Macro Configuration Guidelines 11-3
Creating Smartports Macros 11-4
Applying Smartports Macros 11-5
Applying Cisco-Default Smartports Macros 11-6
Displaying Smartports Macros 11-8
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12 Configuring LRE 12-1
Understanding LRE Features 12-1
Ports on the Catalyst 2950 LRE Switches 12-1
LRE Links and LRE Profiles 12-2
LRE Profiles 12-2
LRE Sequences 12-5
CPE Ethernet Links 12-6
LRE Link Monitor 12-7
LRE Message Logging Process 12-8
Configuring LRE Ports 12-8
Default LRE Configuration 12-9
Environmental Guidelines for LRE Links 12-9
Guidelines for Using LRE Profiles 12-10
CPE Ethernet Link Guidelines 12-11
Guidelines for Configuring Cisco 575 LRE CPEs and 576 LRE 997 CPEs 12-11
Guidelines for Configuring Cisco 585 LRE CPEs 12-12
Assigning a Global Profile to All LRE Ports 12-12
Assigning a Profile to a Specific LRE Port 12-13
Assigning a Global Sequence to All LRE Ports 12-13
Assigning a Sequence to a Specific LRE Port 12-14
Using Rate Selection to Automatically Assign Profiles 12-14
Precedence 12-15
Profile Locking 12-15
Link Qualification and SNR Margins 12-16
Configuring LRE Link Persistence 12-19
Configuring LRE Link Monitor 12-20
Configuring LRE Interleave 12-20
Configuring Upstream Power Back-Off 12-21
Configuring CPE Toggle 12-22
Configuring Syslog Export 12-23
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Upgrading LRE Switch Firmware 12-24
Configuring for an LRE Upgrade 12-24
Performing an LRE Upgrade 12-25
Global Configuration of LRE Upgrades 12-25
Controller Configuration of LRE Upgrades 12-25
LRE Upgrade Details 12-26
LRE Upgrade Example 12-27
Displaying LRE Status 12-27
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13 Configuring STP 13-1
Understanding Spanning-Tree Features 13-1
STP Overview 13-2
Spanning-Tree Topology and BPDUs 13-2
Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID 13-3
Spanning-Tree Interface States 13-4
Blocking State 13-6
Listening State 13-6
Learning State 13-6
Forwarding State 13-6
Disabled State 13-7
How a Switch or Port Becomes the Root Switch or Root Port 13-7
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity 13-8
Spanning-Tree Address Management 13-8
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity 13-8
Spanning-Tree Modes and Protocols 13-9
Supported Spanning-Tree Instances 13-9
Spanning-Tree Interoperability and Backward Compatibility 13-10
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks 13-10
Configuring Spanning-Tree Features 13-11
Default Spanning-Tree Configuration 13-11
Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines 13-12
Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode 13-13
Disabling Spanning Tree 13-14
Configuring the Root Switch 13-14
Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 13-16
Configuring the Port Priority 13-17
Configuring the Path Cost 13-18
Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN 13-20
Configuring Spanning-Tree Timers 13-20
Configuring the Hello Time 13-21
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a VLAN 13-22
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a VLAN 13-22
Configuring Spanning Tree for Use in a Cascaded Stack 13-23
Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status 13-24
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14 Configuring MSTP 14-1
Understanding MSTP 14-2
Multiple Spanning-Tree Regions 14-2
IST, CIST, and CST 14-3
Operations Within an MST Region 14-3
Operations Between MST Regions 14-4
Hop Count 14-5
Boundary Ports 14-5
Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP 14-5
Understanding RSTP 14-6
Port Roles and the Active Topology 14-6
Rapid Convergence 14-7
Synchronization of Port Roles 14-8
Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing 14-9
Processing Superior BPDU Information 14-10
Processing Inferior BPDU Information 14-10
Topology Changes 14-10
Configuring MSTP Features 14-11
Default MSTP Configuration 14-12
MSTP Configuration Guidelines 14-12
Specifying the MST Region Configuration and Enabling MSTP 14-13
Configuring the Root Switch 14-14
Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 14-16
Configuring the Port Priority 14-17
Configuring the Path Cost 14-18
Configuring the Switch Priority 14-19
Configuring the Hello Time 14-19
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time 14-20
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time 14-21
Configuring the Maximum-Hop Count 14-21
Specifying the Link Type to Ensure Rapid Transitions 14-22
Restarting the Protocol Migration Process 14-22
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Displaying the MST Configuration and Status 14-23
15 Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features 15-1
Understanding Optional Spanning-Tree Features 15-1
Understanding Port Fast 15-2
Understanding BPDU Guard 15-2
Understanding BPDU Filtering 15-3
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Understanding UplinkFast 15-3
Understanding Cross-Stack UplinkFast 15-5
How CSUF Works 15-6
Events that Cause Fast Convergence 15-7
Limitations 15-8
Connecting the Stack Ports 15-8
Understanding BackboneFast 15-9
Understanding EtherChannel Guard 15-12
Understanding Root Guard 15-12
Understanding Loop Guard 15-13
Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features 15-13
Default Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration 15-14
Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines 15-14
Enabling Port Fast 15-14
Enabling BPDU Guard 15-15
Enabling BPDU Filtering 15-16
Enabling UplinkFast for Use with Redundant Links 15-17
Enabling Cross-Stack UplinkFast 15-18
Enabling BackboneFast 15-19
Enabling EtherChannel Guard 15-20
Enabling Root Guard 15-21
Enabling Loop Guard 15-21
CHAPTER
Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status 15-22
16 Configuring VLANs 16-1
Understanding VLANs 16-1
Supported VLANs 16-2
VLAN Port Membership Modes 16-3
Configuring Normal-Range VLANs 16-4
Token Ring VLANs 16-5
Normal-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines 16-5
VLAN Configuration Mode Options 16-6
VLAN Configuration in config-vlan Mode 16-6
VLAN Configuration in VLAN Configuration Mode 16-6
Saving VLAN Configuration 16-7
Default Ethernet VLAN Configuration 16-7
Creating or Modifying an Ethernet VLAN 16-8
Deleting a VLAN 16-10
Assigning Static-Access Ports to a VLAN 16-11
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Configuring Extended-Range VLANs 16-11
Default VLAN Configuration 16-12
Extended-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines 16-12
Creating an Extended-Range VLAN 16-13
Displaying VLANs 16-14
Configuring VLAN Trunks 16-14
Trunking Overview 16-14
IEEE 802.1Q Configuration Considerations 16-16
Default Layer 2 Ethernet Interface VLAN Configuration 16-17
Configuring an Ethernet Interface as a Trunk Port 16-17
Interaction with Other Features 16-17
Configuring a Trunk Port 16-18
Defining the Allowed VLANs on a Trunk 16-19
Changing the Pruning-Eligible List 16-20
Configuring the Native VLAN for Untagged Traffic 16-20
Load Sharing Using STP 16-21
Load Sharing Using STP Port Priorities 16-21
Load Sharing Using STP Path Cost 16-23
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Configuring VMPS 16-24
Understanding VMPS 16-25
Dynamic Port VLAN Membership 16-25
VMPS Database Configuration File 16-26
Default VMPS Client Configuration 16-26
VMPS Configuration Guidelines 16-26
Configuring the VMPS Client 16-27
Entering the IP Address of the VMPS 16-27
Configuring Dynamic Access Ports on VMPS Clients 16-28
Reconfirming VLAN Memberships 16-28
Changing the Reconfirmation Interval 16-29
Changing the Retry Count 16-29
Monitoring the VMPS 16-30
Troubleshooting Dynamic Port VLAN Membership 16-30
VMPS Configuration Example 16-31
17 Configuring VTP 17-1
Understanding VTP 17-1
The VTP Domain 17-2
VTP Modes 17-3
VTP Advertisements 17-3
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VTP Version 2 17-4
VTP Pruning 17-4
Configuring VTP 17-6
Default VTP Configuration 17-6
VTP Configuration Options 17-7
VTP Configuration in Global Configuration Mode 17-7
VTP Configuration in VLAN Configuration Mode 17-7
VTP Configuration Guidelines 17-8
Domain Names 17-8
Passwords 17-8
Upgrading from Previous Software Releases 17-8
VTP Version 17-9
Configuration Requirements 17-9
Configuring a VTP Server 17-9
Configuring a VTP Client 17-11
Disabling VTP (VTP Transparent Mode) 17-12
Enabling VTP Version 2 17-13
Enabling VTP Pruning 17-14
Adding a VTP Client Switch to a VTP Domain 17-15
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Monitoring VTP 17-16
18 Configuring Voice VLAN 18-1
Understanding Voice VLAN 18-1
Configuring Voice VLAN 18-2
Default Voice VLAN Configuration 18-2
Voice VLAN Configuration Guidelines 18-3
Configuring a Port to Connect to a Cisco 7960 IP Phone 18-3
Configuring Ports to Carry Voice Traffic in IEEE 802.1Q Frames 18-4
Configuring Ports to Carry Voice Traffic in IEEE 802.1p Priority-Tagged Frames 18-4
Overriding the CoS Priority of Incoming Data Frames 18-5
Configuring the IP Phone to Trust the CoS Priority of Incoming Data Frames 18-6
Displaying Voice VLAN 18-6
19 Configuring DHCP Features 19-1
Understanding DHCP Features 19-1
DHCP Server 19-2
DHCP Relay Agent 19-2
DHCP Snooping 19-2
Option-82 Data Insertion 19-3
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Configuring DHCP Features 19-5
Default DHCP Configuration 19-6
DHCP Snooping Configuration Guidelines 19-6
Configuring the DHCP Server 19-7
Enabling DHCP Snooping and Option 82 19-7
Displaying DHCP Information 19-8
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20 Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR 20-1
Understanding IGMP Snooping 20-2
IGMP Versions 20-2
Joining a Multicast Group 20-3
Leaving a Multicast Group 20-5
Immediate-Leave Processing 20-5
IGMP Configurable-Leave Timer 20-5
IGMP Leave Timer Guidelines 20-6
IGMP Report Suppression 20-6
IGMP Snooping Querier Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions 20-6
Source-Only Networks 20-7
Configuring IGMP Snooping 20-7
Default IGMP Snooping Configuration 20-8
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping 20-8
Setting the Snooping Method 20-9
Configuring a Multicast Router Port 20-10
Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group 20-10
Enabling IGMP Immediate-Leave Processing 20-11
Configuring the IGMP Leave Timer 20-12
Disabling IGMP Report Suppression 20-12
Disabling IP Multicast-Source-Only Learning 20-13
Configuring the Aging Time 20-14
Configuring the IGMP Snooping Querier 20-14
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Displaying IGMP Snooping Information 20-15
Understanding Multicast VLAN Registration 20-16
Using MVR in a Multicast Television Application 20-17
Configuring MVR 20-19
Default MVR Configuration 20-19
MVR Configuration Guidelines and Limitations 20-19
Configuring MVR Global Parameters 20-20
Configuring MVR Interfaces 20-21
Displaying MVR Information 20-22
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Configuring IGMP Filtering and Throttling 20-23
Default IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration 20-23
Configuring IGMP Profiles 20-24
Applying IGMP Profiles 20-25
Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups 20-26
Configuring the IGMP Throttling Action 20-26
Displaying IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration 20-28
CHAPTER
21 Configuring Port-Based Traffic Control 21-1
Configuring Storm Control 21-1
Understanding Storm Control 21-1
Default Storm Control Configuration 21-2
Configuring Storm Control and Threshold Levels 21-2
Configuring Protected Ports 21-4
Configuring Port Blocking 21-5
Blocking Flooded Traffic on an Interface 21-5
Resuming Normal Forwarding on a Port 21-6
Configuring Port Security 21-6
Understanding Port Security 21-6
Secure MAC Addresses 21-6
Security Violations 21-7
Default Port Security Configuration 21-8
Port Security Configuration Guidelines 21-8
Enabling and Configuring Port Security 21-9
Enabling and Configuring Port Security Aging 21-11
Displaying Port-Based Traffic Control Settings 21-13
CHAPTER
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22 Configuring UDLD 22-1
Understanding UDLD 22-1
Modes of Operation 22-1
Methods to Detect Unidirectional Links 22-2
Configuring UDLD 22-4
Default UDLD Configuration 22-4
Configuration Guidelines 22-4
Enabling UDLD Globally 22-5
Enabling UDLD on an Interface 22-6
Resetting an Interface Shut Down by UDLD 22-6
Displaying UDLD Status 22-7
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CHAPTER
23 Configuring CDP 23-1
Understanding CDP 23-1
Configuring CDP 23-2
Default CDP Configuration 23-2
Configuring the CDP Characteristics 23-2
Disabling and Enabling CDP 23-3
Disabling and Enabling CDP on an Interface 23-4
Monitoring and Maintaining CDP 23-5
24 Configuring SPAN and RSPAN 24-1
Understanding SPAN and RSPAN 24-1
SPAN and RSPAN Concepts and Terminology 24-3
SPAN Session 24-3
Traffic Types 24-3
Source Port 24-4
Destination Port 24-4
Reflector Port 24-5
SPAN Traffic 24-5
SPAN and RSPAN Interaction with Other Features 24-6
SPAN and RSPAN Session Limits 24-7
Default SPAN and RSPAN Configuration 24-7
CHAPTER
Configuring SPAN 24-7
SPAN Configuration Guidelines 24-7
Creating a SPAN Session and Specifying Ports to Monitor 24-8
Creating a SPAN Session and Enabling Ingress Traffic 24-9
Removing Ports from a SPAN Session 24-11
Configuring RSPAN 24-12
RSPAN Configuration Guidelines 24-12
Configuring a VLAN as an RSPAN VLAN 24-13
Creating an RSPAN Source Session 24-14
Creating an RSPAN Destination Session 24-15
Removing Ports from an RSPAN Session 24-16
Displaying SPAN and RSPAN Status 24-17
25 Configuring RMON 25-1
Understanding RMON 25-1
Configuring RMON 25-2
Default RMON Configuration 25-3
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Configuring RMON Alarms and Events 25-3
Configuring RMON Collection on an Interface 25-5
Displaying RMON Status 25-6
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
26 Configuring System Message Logging 26-1
Understanding System Message Logging 26-1
Configuring System Message Logging 26-2
System Log Message Format 26-2
Default System Message Logging Configuration 26-3
Disabling and Enabling Message Logging 26-4
Setting the Message Display Destination Device 26-4
Synchronizing Log Messages 26-6
Enabling and Disabling Timestamps on Log Messages 26-7
Enabling and Disabling Sequence Numbers in Log Messages 26-8
Defining the Message Severity Level 26-8
Limiting Syslog Messages Sent to the History Table and to SNMP 26-9
Configuring UNIX Syslog Servers 26-10
Logging Messages to a UNIX Syslog Daemon 26-11
Configuring the UNIX System Logging Facility 26-11
Displaying the Logging Configuration 26-12
27 Configuring SNMP 27-1
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Understanding SNMP 27-1
SNMP Versions 27-2
SNMP Manager Functions 27-3
SNMP Agent Functions 27-4
SNMP Community Strings 27-4
Using SNMP to Access MIB Variables 27-4
SNMP Notifications 27-5
Configuring SNMP 27-6
Default SNMP Configuration 27-6
SNMP Configuration Guidelines 27-6
Disabling the SNMP Agent 27-7
Configuring Community Strings 27-8
Configuring SNMP Groups and Users 27-9
Configuring SNMP Notifications 27-11
Setting the Agent Contact and Location Information 27-14
Limiting TFTP Servers Used Through SNMP 27-14
SNMP Examples 27-15
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Displaying SNMP Status 27-16
Contents
CHAPTER
28 Configuring Network Security with ACLs 28-1
Understanding ACLs 28-2
Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic 28-3
Understanding Access Control Parameters 28-4
Guidelines for Applying ACLs to Physical Interfaces 28-6
Configuring ACLs 28-6
Unsupported Features 28-7
Creating Standard and Extended IP ACLs 28-7
ACL Numbers 28-8
Creating a Numbered Standard ACL 28-8
Creating a Numbered Extended ACL 28-10
Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs 28-13
Applying Time Ranges to ACLs 28-14
Including Comments About Entries in ACLs 28-16
Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs 28-17
Creating MAC Access Groups 28-18
Applying ACLs to Terminal Lines or Physical Interfaces 28-18
Applying ACLs to a Terminal Line 28-19
Applying ACLs to a Physical Interface 28-20
CHAPTER
Displaying ACL Information 28-20
Displaying ACLs 28-20
Displaying Access Groups 28-22
Examples for Compiling ACLs 28-23
Numbered ACL Examples 28-24
Extended ACL Examples 28-24
Named ACL Example 28-24
Commented IP ACL Entry Examples 28-25
29 Configuring QoS 29-1
Understanding QoS 29-2
Basic QoS Model 29-4
Classification 29-5
Classification Based on QoS ACLs 29-5
Classification Based on Class Maps and Policy Maps 29-6
Policing and Marking 29-7
Mapping Tables 29-8
Queueing and Scheduling 29-8
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How Class of Service Works 29-8
Port Priority 29-8
Port Scheduling 29-9
Egress CoS Queues 29-9
Configuring Auto-QoS 29-10
Generated Auto-QoS Configuration 29-10
Effects of Auto-QoS on the Configuration 29-12
Configuration Guidelines 29-13
Upgrading from a Previous Software Release 29-13
Enabling Auto-QoS for VoIP 29-14
Displaying Auto-QoS Information 29-15
Auto-QoS Configuration Example 29-15
Configuring Standard QoS 29-18
Default Standard QoS Configuration 29-18
Configuration Guidelines 29-19
Configuring Classification Using Port Trust States 29-20
Configuring the Trust State on Ports within the QoS Domain 29-20
Configuring the CoS Value for an Interface 29-22
Configuring Trusted Boundary 29-23
Enabling Pass-Through Mode 29-25
Configuring a QoS Policy 29-26
Classifying Traffic by Using ACLs 29-27
Classifying Traffic by Using Class Maps 29-30
Classifying, Policing, and Marking Traffic by Using Policy Maps 29-31
Configuring CoS Maps 29-34
Configuring the CoS-to-DSCP Map 29-35
Configuring the DSCP-to-CoS Map 29-36
Configuring the Egress Queues 29-37
Configuring CoS Priority Queues 29-37
Configuring WRR Priority 29-38
Enabling the Expedite Queue and Configuring WRR Priority 29-38
CHAPTER
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Displaying Standard QoS Information 29-39
Standard QoS Configuration Examples 29-39
QoS Configuration for the Existing Wiring Closet 29-40
QoS Configuration for the Intelligent Wiring Closet 29-41
30 Configuring EtherChannels 30-1
Understanding EtherChannels 30-1
Understanding Port-Channel Interfaces 30-2
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Understanding the Port Aggregation Protocol and Link Aggregation Protocol 30-3
PAgP and LACP Modes 30-4
Physical Learners and Aggregate-Port Learners 30-5
PAgP and LACP Interaction with Other Features 30-6
Understanding Load Balancing and Forwarding Methods 30-6
Configuring EtherChannels 30-7
Default EtherChannel Configuration 30-8
EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines 30-8
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels 30-9
Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing 30-11
Configuring the PAgP Learn Method and Priority 30-12
Configuring the LACP Port Priority 30-12
Configuring Hot Standby Ports 30-13
Configuring the LACP System Priority 30-13
Displaying EtherChannel, PAgP, and LACP Status 30-14
Contents
CHAPTER
31 Troubleshooting 31-1
Using Recovery Procedures 31-1
Recovering from a Software Failure 31-2
Recovering from Lost or Forgotten Passwords on Non-LRE Catalyst 2950 Switches 31-2
Recovering from Lost or Forgotten Passwords on Catalyst 2950 LRE Switches 31-4
Password Recovery with Password Recovery Enabled 31-5
Procedure with Password Recovery Disabled 31-6
Recovering from Lost or Forgotten Passwords on Catalyst 2955 Switches 31-8
Recovering from a Command Switch Failure 31-10
Replacing a Failed Command Switch with a Cluster Member 31-10
Replacing a Failed Command Switch with Another Switch 31-12
Recovering from Lost Member Connectivity 31-13
Preventing Autonegotiation Mismatches 31-14
GBIC and SFP Module Security and Identification 31-14
Diagnosing Connectivity Problems 31-14
Using Ping 31-15
Understanding Ping 31-15
Executing Ping 31-15
Using Layer 2 Traceroute 31-16
Understanding Layer 2 Traceroute 31-16
Usage Guidelines 31-16
Displaying the Physical Path 31-17
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Contents
Using Debug Commands 31-19
Enabling Debugging on a Specific Feature 31-20
Enabling All-System Diagnostics 31-20
Redirecting Debug and Error Message Output 31-20
Using the debug auto qos Command 31-21
Using the show controllers Commands 31-22
Using the crashinfo File 31-22
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
A Supported MIBs A-1
MIB List A-1
Using FTP to Access the MIB Files A-3
B Working with the Cisco IOS File System, Configuration Files, and Software Images B-1
Working with the Flash File System B-1
Displaying Available File Systems B-2
Setting the Default File System B-3
Displaying Information about Files on a File System B-3
Changing Directories and Displaying the Working Directory B-4
Creating and Removing Directories B-4
Copying Files B-5
Deleting Files B-5
Creating, Displaying, and Extracting tar Files B-6
Creating a tar File B-6
Displaying the Contents of a tar File B-7
Extracting a tar File B-7
Displaying the Contents of a File B-8
xxiv
Working with Configuration Files B-8
Guidelines for Creating and Using Configuration Files B-9
Configuration File Types and Location B-10
Creating a Configuration File By Using a Text Editor B-10
Copying Configuration Files By Using TFTP B-10
Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using TFTP B-10
Downloading the Configuration File By Using TFTP B-11
Uploading the Configuration File By Using TFTP B-12
Copying Configuration Files By Using FTP B-12
Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using FTP B-13
Downloading a Configuration File By Using FTP B-13
Uploading a Configuration File By Using FTP B-14
Copying Configuration Files By Using RCP B-15
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Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using RCP B-16
Downloading a Configuration File By Using RCP B-17
Uploading a Configuration File By Using RCP B-18
Clearing Configuration Information B-19
Clearing the Startup Configuration File B-19
Deleting a Stored Configuration File B-19
Working with Software Images B-19
Image Location on the Switch B-20
tar File Format of Images on a Server or Cisco.com B-20
Copying Image Files By Using TFTP B-21
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using TFTP B-22
Downloading an Image File By Using TFTP B-22
Uploading an Image File By Using TFTP B-24
Copying Image Files By Using FTP B-24
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using FTP B-25
Downloading an Image File By Using FTP B-26
Uploading an Image File By Using FTP B-27
Copying Image Files By Using RCP B-28
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using RCP B-29
Downloading an Image File By Using RCP B-30
Uploading an Image File By Using RCP B-32
Contents
I
NDEX
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Audience
Purpose
Preface
This guide is for the networking professional managing the Catalyst 2950 and 2955 switches, hereafter
referred to as the switches. Before using this guide, you should have experience working with the Cisco
IOS and be familiar with the concepts and terminology of Ethernet and local area networking.
This guide provides the information you need to configure software features on your switch. The
Catalyst 2950 switch is supported by either the standard software image (SI) or the enhanced software image
(EI). The Catalyst 2955 and Catalyst 2950 Long-Reach Ethernet (LRE) switches are supported only by the EI.
The EI provides a richer set of features, including access control lists (ACLs), enhanced quality of service
(QoS) features, extended-range VLANs, Remote Switched Port Analyzer (RSPAN), and unicast MAC
address filtering. The cryptographic EI provides support for the Secure Shell Protocol (SSP). For a list of
switches that support the SI and the EI, see Tabl e 1-1 in Chapter 1, “Overview.”
The Catalyst 2955 switch also supports an additional set of features that are described in Chapter 3,
“Configuring Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms.” The switch has facilities to process alarms related to the
temperature, power supply conditions, and status of the Ethernet ports.
Use this guide with other documents for information about these topics:
• Requirements—This guide assumes that you have met the hardware and software requirements and
cluster compatibility requirements described in the release notes.
• Start-up information—This guide assumes that you have assigned switch IP information and
passwords by using the browser setup program described in the switch hardware installation guide.
• Embedded device manager and Network Assistant graphical user interfaces (GUIs)—This guide
does not provide detailed information on the GUIs. However, the concepts in this guide are
applicable to the GUI user. For information about the device manager, see the switch online help.
For information about Network Assistant, see the Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant,
available on Cisco.com.
• Cluster configuration—For information about planning for, creating, and maintaining switch
clusters, see the Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant, available on Cisco.com. For
information about the clustering-related command-line interface (CLI) commands, see the
command reference for this release.
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Conventions
This guide provides procedures for using the commands that have been created or changed for use with
the switch. It does not provide detailed information about these commands. For detailed information
about these commands, see the command reference for this release.
This guide does not repeat the concepts and CLI procedures provided in the standard Cisco IOS
Release 12.1 documentation. For information about the standard Cisco IOS Release 12.1 commands, see
the Cisco IOS documentation set available from the Cisco.com home page at Service and Support >
Technical Documents. On the Cisco Product Documentation home page, select Release 12.1 from the Cisco
IOS Software drop-down list.
This guide does not describe system messages you might encounter or how to install your switch. For
this information, see the system message guide for this release and to the hardware installation guide.
For documentation updates, see the release notes for this release.
Conventions
Preface
• CLI command information—This guide provides an overview for using the CLI. For complete
syntax and usage information about the commands that have been specifically created or changed
for the switches, see the command reference for this release.
This publication uses these conventions to convey instructions and information:
Command descriptions use these conventions:
• Commands and keywords are in boldface text.
• Arguments for which you supply values are in italic.
• Square brackets ([ ]) mean optional elements.
• Braces ({ }) group required choices, and vertical bars ( | ) separate the alternative elements.
• Braces and vertical bars within square brackets ([{ | }]) mean a required choice within an optional
element.
Interactive examples use these conventions:
• Terminal sessions and system displays are in screen font.
• Information you enter is in boldface screen font.
• Nonprinting characters, such as passwords or tabs, are in angle brackets (< >).
Notes, cautions, and timesavers use these conventions and symbols:
Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to materials not contained in
this manual.
Caution Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result equipment damage
or loss of data.
xxviii
Timesaver Means the following will help you solve a problem. The tips information might not be troubleshooting
or even an action, but could be useful information.
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Preface
Related Publications
These documents provide complete information about the switch and are available from this Cisco.com
site:
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat2950/index.htm
You can order printed copies of documents with a DOC-xxxxxx= number from the Cisco.com sites and
from the telephone numbers listed in the “Obtaining Documentation” section on page Boilerplate 1.
• Release Notes for the Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switches (not orderable but available on
Cisco.com)
Note Switch requirements and procedures for initial configurations and software upgrades tend to change and
therefore appear only in the release notes. Before installing, configuring, or upgrading the switch, see
the release notes on Cisco.com for the latest information.
For information about the switch, see these documents:
• Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch Software Configuration Guide (order number
DOC-7811380=)
Related Publications
• Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch Command Reference (order number DOC-7811381=)
• Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch System Message Guide (order number DOC-7814233=)
• Device manager online help (available on the switch)
• Catalyst 2950 Switch Hardware Installation Guide (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)
• Catalyst 2950 Switch Getting Started Guide (order number DOC-1786521=)
• Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information for the Catalyst 2950 Switch (order number
DOC-7816625=)
• Catalyst 2955 Switch Hardware Installation Guide (order number DOC-7814944=)
For information about related products, see these documents:
• Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)
• Release Notes for Cisco Network Assistant (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)
• Catalyst GigaStack Gigabit Interface Converter Hardware Installation Guide
(order number DOC-786460=)
• CWDM Passive Optical System Installation Note (not orderable but is available on Cisco.com)
• 1000BASE-T Gigabit Interface Converter Installation Notes (not orderable but is available on
Cisco.com)
• Cisco Small Form-Factor Pluggable Modules Installation Notes (order number DOC-7815160=)
• Cisco CWDM GBIC and CWDM SFP Installation Note (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)
Obtaining Documentation
Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. Cisco also provides several
ways to obtain technical assistance and other technical resources. These sections explain how to obtain
technical information from Cisco Systems.
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Obtaining Documentation
Cisco.com
You can access the most current Cisco documentation at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
You can access the Cisco website at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com
You can access international Cisco websites at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml
Product Documentation DVD
Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in the Product Documentation DVD package,
which may have shipped with your product. The Product Documentation DVD is updated regularly and
may be more current than printed documentation.
The Product Documentation DVD is a comprehensive library of technical product documentation on
portable media. The DVD enables you to access multiple versions of hardware and software installation,
configuration, and command guides for Cisco products and to view technical documentation in HTML.
With the DVD, you have access to the same documentation that is found on the Cisco website without
being connected to the Internet. Certain products also have .pdf versions of the documentation available.
Preface
The Product Documentation DVD is available as a single unit or as a subscription. Registered Cisco.com
users (Cisco direct customers) can order a Product Documentation DVD (product number
DOC-DOCDVD=) from the Ordering tool or Cisco Marketplace.
Cisco Ordering tool:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/
Cisco Marketplace:
http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/
Ordering Documentation
Beginning June 30, 2005, registered Cisco.com users may order Cisco documentation at the Product
Documentation Store in the Cisco Marketplace at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/
Cisco will continue to support documentation orders using the Ordering tool:
• Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order documentation from the
Ordering tool:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/
• Instructions for ordering documentation using the Ordering tool are at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/es_inpck/pdi.htm
• Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local account representative by
calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters (California, USA) at 408 526-7208 or, elsewhere in
North America, by calling 1 800 553-NETS (6387).
xxx
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