Avaya IP Utilities User Manual

Configuring IP Utilities

BayRS Version 13.00 Site Manager Software Version 7.00 BCC Version 4.05

Part No. 303529-A Rev 00 October 1998

4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara, CA 95054 Billerica, MA 01821

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The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the te rms of that license. A summary of the S oftware License is included in this document.

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All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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Notwithstanding any other license agreement th at may pertain to, or accompany the delivery of, this com puter software, the rights of the Unite d States Government regarding its use, reproduction, and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19.

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In additi on, the program and information contained herein are lice nsed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and discl osure (that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by thir d pa rt ie s).

ii 303529-A Rev 00

Bay Networks, Inc. Software License Agreement

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303529-A Rev 00 iii

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Preface

Before You Begin ............................................................................................................. xv

Text Convent io n s ..... ................................................ ........................................................xvi

Acronyms ........................................................................................................................xvi i

Bay Networks Technical Publications ............................................................................xviii

How to Get Help ..............................................................................................................xix

Chapter 1 Starting IP Utilities

Starting Configuration Tools ...........................................................................................1-2

Configuring IP for Global Protocols ................................................................................1-2

Using Site Manager ..................................................................................................1-2

Using the BCC .........................................................................................................1-3

Step 1: Configuring a Physical Interface ............................................................1-3

Step 2: Configuring an IP Interface ................................................................... 1-4

Starting TCP Services ....................................................................................................1-4

Starting FTP Services ....................................................................................................1-5

Starting TFTP Services ..................................................................................................1-7

Starting Telnet Services .................................................................................................. 1-8

Starting NTP Services .................................................................................................. 1 -10

Starting NetBIOS over IP ..............................................................................................1-12

Adding NetBIOS to an IP Interface ........................................................................1-12

Starting the DNS Client ................................................................................................1-13

Chapter 2 Overview of IP Util it ies

TCP Overview ................................................................................................................2-1

How TCP Works .......................................................................................................2-2

TCP Features ...........................................................................................................2-3

Connection Ty pe s ..............................................................................................2-4

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Connections and Connection States .................................................................2-4

TCP Memory Considerations ............................................................................ 2-5

TCP and IP Service Users .......................................................................................2-6

FTP Overview ................................................................................................................. 2-7

How FTP Works .......................................................................................................2-8

TFTP Overview .................................. ......................................................... ..................2-10

Telnet Overview ............................................................................................................2-11

Telnet Server ......................................................... .................................................2-12

Telnet Client .......................................................... .................................................2-13

NTP Overview ..............................................................................................................2-15

NTP Terminology .................................................................................................... 2 -15

NTP System Implementation Model .......................................................................2-15

How NTP Distributes Time Within the Subnet .......................................................2-17

Synchronizing with the Best Available Time Server ...............................................2-17

NTP Modes of Operation .......................................................................................2-18

Unicast Client Mode ....................................... ..... ....... ....... ..... ....... ....... ....... ....2-18

Broadcast and Multicast Client Mode ..............................................................2 -19

NetBIOS Overview .......................................................................................................2-20

NetBIOS in an IP Environment ...............................................................................2-21

Forwarding Name Queries over an Unnumbered Interface ....................................2-24

DNS Overview ................... ......................................................... ..................................2-24

Chapter 3 Cust om izing TCP Services

Configuring TCP Using the BCC or Site Manager ..........................................................3-2

Disabling and Reenabling TCP .......................................................................................3-2

Setting the Minimum Retransmission Timeout ...............................................................3-3

Setting the Maximum Retransmission Timeout .............................................................. 3-5

Setting the Maximum Window Size ................................................................................3-6

Chapter 4 Cust om izing FT P Services

Configuring FTP Using the BCC or Site Manager ..........................................................4-2

Disabling and Reenabling FTP .......................................................................................4-2

Specifying the FTP Default Volume ................................................................................4-3

Specifying the Number of Login Retries .........................................................................4-5

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Specifying the Maximum FTP Idle Timeout ....................................................................4-6

Specifying the Maximum Number of FTP Sessions .......................................................4-7

Specifying the Data Transmission Type ..........................................................................4-8

Specifying the FTP Control Connection .........................................................................4-8

Specifying a Data Transfer Value ....................................................................................4-9

Specifying the TCP Window Size .................................................................................4-10

Chapter 5 Cust om izing TFTP Services

Configuring TFTP Using the BCC or Site Manager ........................................................5-2

Disabling and Reenabling TFTP Services ......................................................................5-2

Specifying the Default Volume for the Router .................................................................5-3

Specifying a Retry Timeout Value ...................................... .......... .. ....... ....... ..... ....... ......5-4

Specifying a Close Timeout Value ........................................... ....... ..... ....... .. .......... ....... .5-5

Specifying the Number of Retransmissions .................................................................... 5-6

Chapter 6 Customizing Telnet Services

Configuring Telnet Using the BCC or Site Manager .......................................................6-2

Customizing the Telnet Configuration .............................................................................6-3

Changing the Name of the Manager’s Login Script File ...........................................6-3

Changing the Name of the User’s Login Script File ................................................. 6-4

Enabling and Disabling User Logout . .......................................................................6-5

Customizing the Telnet Server on the Router .................................................................6-6

Disabling and Reenabling a Telnet Server on the IP Router .................................... 6-6

Specifying the Maximum Number of Lines on the Console .....................................6-8

Pausing Telnet Console Output ................................................................................6-9

Changing the Telnet Login Prompt .........................................................................6 -10

Changing the Login Timeout ..................................................................................6-11

Changing the Password Timeout ...........................................................................6-12

Changing the Command Timeout ..........................................................................6-13

Changing Login Retries . ........................................................................................ 6 -14

Using Tel net Ser ver Diagnostics ............................................................................6-15

Enabling Diagnostic Reporting ........................................................................6-15

Enabling Diagnostic Exercise ..........................................................................6 -16

Enabling Diagnostic Network Data ..................................................................6-17

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vii

Enabling Diagnostic PTY Data ........................................................................6-18

Enabling Diagnostic Options ............................................................................6-18

Changing the History File . ...................................................................................... 6-19

Configuring a Telnet Client on the Router .....................................................................6-20

Disabling and Reenabling a Telnet Client on the IP Router ................................... 6-20

Enabling and Disabling Verbose Debug Logging ...................................................6 -21

Changing the Remote Port .....................................................................................6 -22

Changing the Command Prompt ............................................................................6-23

Chapter 7 Cust om izing NTP Services

Configuring NTP Using the BCC or Site Manager ..........................................................7-2

Disabling and Reenabling NTP .......................................................................................7-2

Setting the NTP Operation Mode ...................................................................................7-3

Configuring Remote Time Servers .................................................................................7-5

Adding Remote Time Servers ..................................................................................7-5

Setting the Mode for a Remote Time Server ............................................................7-7

Setting Local Host Mode .................. ....... .. .......... ....... .. .......... ....... ....... .. .......... ....... .7-8

Specifying the Source IP Address ............................................................................7-9

Specifying Peer Preference ....................................................................................7-10

Deleting Remote Time Servers from a Router .......................................................7-12

Configuring NTP Access Control ..................................................................................7-13

Specifying the IP Address of the Time Server .......................................................7-13

Specifying a Filter Type and IP Subnet Mask .........................................................7-14

Deleting Access for a Time Server .........................................................................7-15

Chapter 8 Customizing NetBIOS over IP

Disabling and Reenabling NetBIOS ................................................................................8-2

Specifying a TTL Value for a Rebroadcast Packet .........................................................8-2

Enabling the Insertion of Record Route Option .............................................................. 8-3

Configuring a NetBIOS Cache ........................................................................................8-4

Enabling Name Caching on the Router ....................................................................8-4

Creating a MIB Instance for a Cached Name . .........................................................8-6

Specifying the Size of the Name Cache ................................................................... 8-7

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Aging a Cache Entry ................................................................................................8-7

Customizing a Cache Search ...................................................................................8-8

Customizing NetBIOS on an IP Interface .....................................................................8 -10

Disabling and Reenabling NetBIOS on an Interface ..............................................8 -10

Disabling and Reenabling Name Caching on the Interface .................................... 8-10

Disabling Inbound and Outbound Broadcasts .. ...................................................... 8 -11

Supplying a Rebroadcast Address .........................................................................8-12

Configuring a Static NetBIOS Name and Address .......................................................8-13

Creating the NetBIOS Static Entry .........................................................................8-13

Disabling and Reenabling Static Name Caching . ..................................................8 -14

Adding a Traffic Filter to a NetBIOS Interface ...............................................................8-14

Chapter 9 Customizing the DNS Client

Modifying the DNS Client Configuration .........................................................................9-2

Disabling the Recursion Bit ............................................................................................9-2

Modifying How the DNS Client Handles Server Responses ..........................................9-3

Modifying the DNS Server List .......................................................................................9-4

Displaying the DNS Server List ................................................................................9-4

Adding Entries to the DNS Server List .....................................................................9-5

Deleting Entries from the DNS Server List ...............................................................9-5

Disabling and Reenabling DNS ......................................................................................9-6

Deleting DNS ........... .......... ......................................................... ....................................9-7

Appendix A Site Manag er Param et ers

TCP Global Parameters .................................................................................................A-2

FTP Global Parameters ................................................................................................. A-4

TFTP Parameters ......................................................................................... .................A-7

Telnet Server Global Parameters ...................................................................................A-8

Tel net Client Global Parameters ..................................................................................A-15

NTP Parameters ..........................................................................................................A-16

NetBIOS Global Parameters ........................................................................................A-20

NetBIOS/IP Interface Table Parameters ......................................................................A-24

NetBIOS/IP Static Entry Table Parameters ..................................................................A-26

DNS Global Parameters .................................. ..... ..... .. ..... ..... ..... .... ..... .. ..... .. ..... ..... .. ...A-28

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DNS Server Record Parameters .................................................................................A-32

IP Accounting Parameters ...........................................................................................A-33

Appendix B Configuring IP Global Access Policies

Creating and Naming the Policy ... ................................................................................. B-2

Specifying the Network to Which the Policy Applies ...................................................... B-2

Disabling and Reenabling a Policy ................................................................................B-3

Specifying the Policy Action ...........................................................................................B-3

Disabling and Reenabling Logging ................................................................................ B -4

Specifying the IP Service ..............................................................................................B-4

Specifying the Precedence ............................................................................................ B-5

Global IP Access Policy Example ..................................................................................B-5

Appendix C Configuring IP Accounting on a Frame Relay Interface

Enabling IP Accounting on the Router ........................................................ .. .......... .......C-2

Specifying the Maximum Size of the IP Accounting T able .............................................C-2

Controlling Notificat ion of a Full IP Acc ount ing Table ..................................... ..... .......... C -3

Copying the IP Accounting Table to the Checkpoint Table ............................................C-3

Appendix D BCC show Commands for TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, and NTP

show tcp ........................................................................................................................D-2

show ftp .........................................................................................................................D-4

show tftp ........................................................................................................................D-5

show telnet ....................................................................................................................D-6

show ntp ........................................................................................................................D-7

Index

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Figures

Figure 2-1. TCP Between IP and Clie n ts ................ ...................................................2-6

Figure 2-2. FTP Client and Server .............................................................................2-8

Figure 2-3. Telnet Server ..........................................................................................2 -13

Figure 2-4. Telnet Client ........................................................................................... 2 -14

Figure 2-5. Time Servers Forming a Synchronization Subnet .................................2-16

Figure 2-6. NTP Time Servers Operating in Unicast Client Mode ............................ 2 -19

Figure 2-7. NetBIOS over IP ............................................................................ ........2-20

Figure 2-8. Broadcasting a Name Quer y Request ...................................................2-22

Figure 2-9. Returning a Unicast Name Query Response .........................................2-23

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Tables

Table 2-1. TCP Reliability Features ..........................................................................2-3

Table 2-2. TCP Connection States .................................................................. ........2-4

Table 2-3. FTP Commands Supported ....................................................................2-9

Table 3-1. TCP Configuration Tasks ........................................................................3-2

Table 4-1. FTP Configuration Tasks .........................................................................4-2

Table 5-1. TFTP Configuration Tasks ......................................................................5-2

Table 6-1. Telnet Configuration Tasks ......................................................................6-2

Table 7-1. NTP Configuration Tasks ........................................................................7-2

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Preface

IP utilities a re appl icati on protocols tha t use the I nternet Proto col (IP) for message transport. This guide describes the following IP utilities and what you do to start and customize them on a Bay Networks® router: TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, NetBIOS over IP, DNS, and IP accounting. To use any of them on a router interface , you must f irst enable IP services on that interface.

You can use the Bay Command Console (BCC utilities on a router. In this guide, you will find instructions for using both the BCC and Site Manager.

Before You Begin

Before using this guide, you must complete the following procedures. For a new router:

• Install the router (see the installation guide that came with your router).

• Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file (see

Quick-Starting Routers, Configuring BayStack Remote Access, or Connecting ASN Routers to a Network).

Make sure that you are running the latest version of Bay Networks BayRS Site Manager software. For information about upgrading BayRS and Site Manager, see the upgrading guide for your version of BayRS.

™

) or Site Manager to configure IP

™

and

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Configuring IP Utilities

Text Conventions

This guide uses the following text conventions:

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the

description inside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is:

bold text

<ip_address>

ping ping 192.32.10.12

Indicates text tha t you need to enter and command

, you enter:

names and options. Example: Enter

Example: Use the

show ip {alerts | routes

command.

dinfo

}

braces ({}) Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions

where there is more than one option. You must choose only one of the options. Do not type the braces when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is:

, you must enter either:

show ip {alerts | routes show ip alerts or show ip routes

}

brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions. Do

not type the brackets when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is:

, you can enter either:

show ip interfaces [-alerts show ip interfaces

]

show ip interfaces -alerts

xvi

ellipsis points (. . . ) Indicate that you repeat the last element of the

comman d as need ed . Example: If the command syntax is:

ethernet/2/1 ethernet/2/1

parameter> <value>

and as many parameter-value pairs as

] . . .

, you enter

needed.

303529-A Re v 00

Preface

italic text Indicates file and directory names, new terms, book

titles, and variables in command syntax descriptions. Where a variable is two or more words, the words are connected by an underscore. Example: If the command syntax is:

show at

valid_route

valid_route>

is one va riable and you subs titu te one value

for it.

screen text Indicates system output , fo r exa mple, prompts and

system messages. Example:

Set Ba y Netw orks Tr ap Mo nito r Fil ters

separator ( > ) Shows menu paths.

Example: Protocol s > IP identifie s the IP option on the Protocols menu.

vertical line (

) Separates choices for command keywords and

arguments. Enter only one of the choices. Do not type the vertical line when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is:

Acronyms

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, you enter either:

show ip {alerts | rou tes show ip alerts

}

show ip routes

, but not both.

ARP Address Resolutio n Protocol ATM asynchronous transfer mode BGP Border Gate way Protocol DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

(formerly ARPA) DLSw data link switching DNS Domain Name System DoD Department of Defense FIFO first in first out

xvii

Configuring IP Utilities

FTP File Tra nsfer Protocol GMT Greenwich mean time IEEE Institute of Electr ic al and Electronic Engineers ILI Intelligent Link I nterface IP Internet Protocol NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System NTP Network Time Protocol PDU protocol data unit PVC permanent virtual c ircuit SMDS Switched Multime gabit Data Service SNAP Subnetwork Access Protocol SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SRM system resource module SVC switched virtual circuit TCP Tra nsmission Control Protocol TCP/IP Tra nsmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TFTP Trivial File Tra nsf er Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol WAN wide area network

Bay Netwo rks Technical Publications

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xviii

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You can purchase Bay Networks documentation sets, CDs, and selected technical publications through the Bay Networks Collateral Catalog. The catalog is loc ated on the World Wide Web at support.baynetworks.com/catalog.html and is divided into sections arran ged alpha betically:

• The “CD ROMs” section lists available CDs.

• The “Guides/Books” section lists books on technical topics.

• The “Technical Manuals” section li sts available print ed documentation sets. Make a note of the part numbers and prices of the items that you want to order.

Use the “Marketing Collateral Catalog description” link to place an order and to print the order form.

How to Get Help

For product assista nce, support contracts, or informati on abou t educational services, go to the following URL:

http://www.baynetworks.com/corporate/contacts/

Preface

303529-A Rev 00

Or telephone the Bay Networks Technical Solutions Center at: 800-2LANWAN

xix

Chapter 1

Starting IP Utilities

This chapter describes how to create a basic TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, DNS, or NetBIOS over IP configuration by specifying values for required parameters only, and accepting default values for all other parameters of these services. This chapter contains the fo llowing information:

Topic Page

Starting Configuration Tools Configuring IP for Global Protocols 1-2 Starting TCP Services 1-4 Starting FTP Services 1-5 Starting TFTP Services 1-7 Starting Telnet Services 1-8 Starting NTP Services 1-10 Starting NetBIOS over IP 1-12 Starting the DNS Client 1-13

For background information about these protocols, see Chapter 2

, “Overview of

1-2

IP Utilities.”

303529-A Rev 00

1-1

Configuring IP Utilities

Starting Configuration Tools

Before configuring TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, DNS, and NetBIOS over IP services, refer to the foll o wing user guides for inst ructions on ho w to start and use the Bay Networks configuration tool of your choice.

Configuration Tool User Guide

Bay Command Console (B CC) Site Manager

Using the Bay Command Console (BCC) Configuring and Managing Routers with

Site Manager

These guides also describe generically how to create or modify a device configuration.

Configuring IP for Global Protocols

Before you configure TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, DNS, or NetBIOS over IP using the BCC or Site Manager , you must first start IP on the router.

Using Site Manager

Before you can select a protoc ol to run on the router, you must configure a circuit that the protocol can use as an interface to an attached network. For information and instructions, see Configuring WAN Line Services and Configuring Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring Services.

When you have successfully configured the circuit, the Select Protocols window opens. Proceed as follows:

1-2

303529-A Re v 00

Starting IP Utilities

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Select Protocols window, select IP.

2. Set the following parameters:

3. Click on OK. You return to the Configuration Manager

Using the BCC

To start IP on the router:

1. Configure a physi cal int erfa ce o n an available slot/connector.

2. Configure an IP interface on the physical interface.

Step 1: Configuring a Physical Interface

To configure a physical interface on a slot and connector, navigate to the top-lev el box prompt and enter:

Then click on OK.

IP Address

•

Subnet Mask

•

T ransmit Bcast Addr

•

UnNumbered Assoc Address

• Click on descriptions in

Help

or see the parameter

Configuring IP Services

The IP Configuration window opens.

window.

303529-A Rev 00

<interface_type> interface_type slot_number

is the name of a link module on the router.

is the number of the slot on which the link module is located.

connector_number

<slot_number>

slot

is the number of a connector on the link module.

connector

connector_number>

For example, the following command configur es an Ethernet interface on slot 2, connector 2.

ethernet slot 2 connect or 2

box# ethernet/2/2#

1-3

Configuring IP Utilities

Step 2: Configuring an IP Interface

To configure an IP interface on a physical interface, navigate to the prompt for the physical interfa ce an d enter :

and

address>

mask

ip address

address

either dotted-decimal notation or in bit notation. For exa mple, the following c ommand configures IP interface 2.2.2.2/255.0.0.0 on

an Ethernet physical inte rface on slot 2, connector 2.

ethernet/2/2# ip/2.2.2.2/255.0.0.0#

ip address 2.2.2.2 mask 255.0.0.0

An IP interface is now configured on the Ethernet interface with default v alue s for all interface par am et ers. W hen you con figure an IP interface, the BCC also configures IP globally on the router with default values for all IP global parameters.

You can customize IP by modifying IP global and interface parameters as described in Configuring IP Service s.

Starting TCP Services

You can use the BCC command line interface or the Site Manager graphical user interface to start TCP on the route r , using default values for all parameters. Before you begin, verify that you have config ured I P on an interface, as described in “Configuring IP for Globa l Protocols

mask

mask>

are a valid IP address and its associated mask, expressed in

” on page 1-2.

Using the BCC

To configure TCP on the router with de fault settings, begin in configuration mode at the box-le vel prompt:

Configure TCP.

tcp

box#

Display TCP de fa ult se tti ngs .

info

tcp# on ip state enabled

1-4

303529-A Re v 00

min-rto 250 max-rto 240000 max-win 4096

tcp#

Using Site Manager

You can easily start TCP services using default values for all parameters. If you decide to chang e so me o r all of the d efau lt values , refe r to the inst ru ctions in

Chapter 3, “Customizing TCP Services.”

Before you can sta rt TCP ser vices, you m ust v erif y that yo u hav e c onfi gured IP on an interface, as described in “Configuring IP for Global Prot ocols

To start TCP services, perform the foll owing actions.

You do this System responds

Starting IP Utilities

” on page 1-2.

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols

choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

Global Protocols TCP

. The TCP menu opens.

Create TCP

Starting FTP Services

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to configure FTP on the route r, using default va lues for all parameters. Before you begin, verify that you have configured IP on an interface, as described in “Confi gur ing IP for Global

Protocols” on page 1-2.

The Protocols menu opens.

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The Edit TCP Global Protocols

Param eter windo w o pens , al lowi ng you to change TCP global par am eters.

303529-A Rev 00

1-5

Configuring IP Utilities

Using the BCC

T o sta rt F TP on the router with defa ult s ettings, begi n in conf igur ation m ode at the box-lev el prompt:

Configure FTP.

box# ftp

ftp#

Display FTP default settings.

ftp# info

on box state enabled default-volume 1 login-retries 3 idle-timeout 900 max-sessions 3 tcp-window-size 60000 ftp#

Using Site Manager

You can easily start FTP using default values for all parameters. If you decide to change some o r all of the d efau lts, refer t o the instructions in Chapter 4.

1-6

Before you be gin, verify that you have configured IP on an interf ace, as described in “Configuring IP for Global Protocols

” on page 1-2.

To start FTP services, perform the fol lowing actions:

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols

choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

Global Protocols FTP Create FTP

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The FTP menu opens.

. Site Manager creat es FTP on the router.

The Protocols menu opens.

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Starting TFTP Ser vices

You can use the BCC command line interface or the Site Manager graphical user interface to configure TFTP on the router, using default values for all parameters. Before you be gin, verify that you have configured IP on an interf ace, as described in “Configuring IP for Global Protocols

Using the BCC

To start TFTP on the router with default settings, begin in configura tion mode at the box-level prompt:

Starting IP Utilities

” on page 1-2.

Configure TFTP

tftp

box#

tftp#

Display TFTP default settings

tftp# on box state enabled default-volume 2 retry-timeout 5 close-timeout 25 retry-count 5

info

Using Site Manager

You can easily start TFTP services using all default parameter values. If you decide to chang e so me o r all of the d efau lts, refer t o the instructions in Chapter 5.

Before you be gin, verify that you have configured IP on an interf ace, as described in “Configuring IP for Global Protocols

” on page 1-2.

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1-7

Configuring IP Utilities

To start TFTP services, perform the fol lowing actions:

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols

choose

2. Choose IP. The IP Protocols menu opens.

3. Choose

TFTP

. The Edit TFTP Parameters window

By default, the default volume is set to 2.

Starting Telnet Services

You can use the BCC command line interface or the Site Manager graphical user interface to configure Telnet services on the router, using default values for all parameters. Before you begin, verify that you have configured IP on an interface, as described in “Configuring IP for Global Protocols” on page 1-2.

Using the BCC

To start a Telnet server on the router with default settings, begin in configuration mode at the box-level prompt:

Navigate to the Telnet context.

The Protocols menu opens.

opens, allo wing you to customize TFTP parameters.

1-8

telnet

box#

telnet#

Configure a Telnet serve r.

telnet #

server

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Starting IP Utilities

Display Telnet server default sett ing s.

server # info

on telnet

state enabled manager-script automgr.bat lines 24 more enabled prompt {} login-timeout 1 password-timeout 1 command-timeout 15 login-retries 3 auto-user-script {} force-logout disabled history 20

server#

To start a Telnet client on the router with default se ttings, begin in configu ration mode at the box-level prompt:

Configure a Telnet cli ent

telnet# client

Display Telnet client default se tti ngs

client# info

on telnet state enabled debug-log-flag off remote-port 23 prompt {}

client#

Using Site Manager

You can easily start Telnet services using default parameter values. If you decide to change some or all of the defaults, r efer to the instructions in Chapter 6.

Before you be gin, verify that you have configured IP on an interf ace, as described in “Configuring IP for Global Protocols

” on page 1-2.

303529-A Rev 00

1-9

Configuring IP Utilities

To start a Telnet server, perform the following actions:

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols

choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

Global Protocols T elnet Server Create Server

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The Telnet Server menu opens.

. The Telnet Configuration window opens,

The Protocols menu opens.

allowing y ou to customize Telnet Server global parameters.

To start a Telnet client, perform the following actions:

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols

choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

Global Protocols Telnet Client Create Client

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The Telnet Client menu opens.

. The Edit Telnet Global Client Parameters

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens, allowing y ou to customize Telnet Client global parameters.

Starting NTP Services

You can use the BCC command line interface or the Site Manager graphical user interface to configure NTP on the router, using default values for all parameters.

Before you begin:

• Verify that you have configured IP on an interface, as described in “Configuring IP for Globa l Protocols

• Verify that the remote time servers that you want to configure on the network are reachable via IP.

1-10

” on page 1-2.

303529-A Re v 00

Using the BCC

Starting IP Utilities

To do this, you must ping the IP address of the time server you want to configure . I f the server you want to configure is not on the local network, you will need to config ure the appropriate IP routing protocol, such as RIP or OSPF. For information on pinging a server or configuring routing protocols, refer to Configuring IP Service s.

To start NTP services on the router with default settings, begin in configuration mode at the box-level prompt:

Configure NTP

box# ntp ntp#

Display NTP de fa ult se tti ngs

ntp# info

on box state enabled

Using Site Manager

You can easily start NTP using all default parameter values. If you decide to change some o r all of the d efau lts, refer t o the instructions in Chapter 7.

Before you be gin, verify that you have configured IP on an interf ace, as described in “Configuring IP for Global Protocols

To start NTP services, perform the following actions:

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols

choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

Global Protocols NTP Create NTP

. The NTP menu opens.

. Site Manager creat es NTP on the router.

” on page 1-2.

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

303529-A Rev 00

1-11

Configuring IP Utilities

Starting NetBIOS over IP

You can easily start NetBIOS over IP and configure it on a circuit using Site Manager default par amet er values. If you decide to change some or all of the defaults, see the instructions in Chapter 8, “Customizing NetBIOS over IP.”

Before you be gin, verify that you have configured IP on an interf ace, as described in “Configuring IP for Global Protocols

To start NetBIOS over IP, perform the following actions:

You do this System responds

” on page 1-2.

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , Choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the on on page A-24

6. Click on OK. You return to the Configuration Manager

Protocols

. The IP menu opens.

NetBIOS Global

Enable/Disable

Help

or see the parameter description

. The NetBIOS menu opens.

. The Edit NetBIOS/IP Global Parameters

parameter. Click

Adding NetBIOS to an IP Interface

To add NetBIOS to an IP interface, complete the following tasks:

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , click on the conne ctor to which you wa nt to add NetBIOS services.

2. Click on

3. Choose

Edit Circuit

Protocols

. The Circuit Definition window opens.

. The Protocols menu opens.

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

Site Manager highlights the connector.

(continued)

1-12

303529-A Re v 00

Starting IP Utilities

You do this System responds

4. Choose

5. Click on

6. Click on OK. Site Manager returns you to the Circuit

7. Choose

8. Choose

Add or Delete

NetBIOS

File

. The File menu opens.

Exit

. You return to the Configuration Manager

Starting the DNS Client

To create the DNS client, first configure an IP interface. Then create and enable the DNS client by completing the following tasks:

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols DNS

. The DNS menu opens.

Create DNS

OK.

Site Manager Procedur e

. The Select Protocols window opens.

. Site Manager highl ights the selection.

Site Manager Procedure

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The DNS Config uration window opens.

(continued)

Definition win dow.

window.

The Protocols menu opens.

You return to the Configuration Manager window.

303529-A Rev 00

1-13

Configuring IP Utilities

After you create and enable the DNS client, you must specify at least one DNS server. You can specify up to a maximum of three DNS servers. To specify a DNS server, complete the following tasks:

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Click on

6. Set the following parameters:

• Index

• IP Address

• Port Number

Click on descriptions beginning on page A-32

7. Click on OK. The DNS Server List window reop ens; it

8. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols DNS

. The DNS menu opens.

DNS Servers

Add

. The DNS Server Record window opens.

Help

or see the parameter

Done

. You return to the Configuration Manager

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The DNS Server List window opens .

The Protocols menu opens.

now lists th e index value and the IP address of the serv er you configured.

window.

1-14

303529-A Re v 00

Chapter 2

Overview of IP Utilities

This chapter describes the concepts behind TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, DNS, and NetBIOS over IP servic es and how Bay Networks routers implement them. You can use this information to decide how to custom ize TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, DNS, and NetBIOS over IP parameters for your system.

Topic Page

TCP O v erview FTP Overview 2-7 TFTP Overview 2-10 T e lnet Overview 2-11 NTP O v erview 2-15 NetBIOS Overview 2-20 DNS O verv iew 2-24

TCP Overview

In the 1970s, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) de velo ped the T ransm issi on Control Protoc ol (TCP) to provid e communica tion among hosts m anufactur ed b y dif ferent vendors. DARPA designed TCP to work within a layered hierarchy of networking protocols, using the Internet Protocol (IP) to transfer data.

Built upon the IP layer suite, TCP is a connection-oriented, end-to-end protocol that provides the packet sequencing, error control, and other services required to provide reli able end-to-end communications. IP takes the pack et from TCP and passes it along whatever gateways are needed, for delivery to the remote TCP layer through the remote IP layer.

2-1

303529-A Rev 00

2-1

Configuring IP Utilities

The Bay Netwo rks imple mentatio n of TC P ge nerally ensur es good ter minal serve r performa nc e on slow-sp ee d as well as high-speed LAN links. TCP services are required to support upper-layer protocols, such as Telnet and FTP, which are part of the TCP/IP suite.

TCP does not require reliabil ity of the communication protocols below itse lf. Therefore, TCP functions with lower-level protocols that are simple, potentially unreliable datag ram services. TCP uses IP for a lower-level protocol.

How TCP Works

TCP is connection-orie nted. Therefore, before transferring data, you must first establish a logical tr ansport layer connection with a peer user. To establish this connection, TCP uses what is sometimes called a “three-way handshake,” in which the initiating TCP sends a Protocol Dat a Unit (PDU) with a synchronize (SYN) bit set to 1 in its header. The responding TCP then sends ba ck a PDU with both the SYN bit and the Acknowledged (ACK) bit set, and possibly, some user data. Time and, if necessary, retransmission are used to recover PDUs lost in this process, allowing each side to indicate its starting sequence number. Because of the possibility of los t or dela yed PDUs, this three-way exchange ensures that connections are esta blished correctly.

2-2

Data transfer i s str aig htforward, and follows the procedures for flow control and acknowledgme n t. TC P p erforms all acknowled g me nt an d assigns all credits in terms of octets. A credit of eight (8) , the n, allows sending only 8 octets of data, not 8 PDUs.

To release a connection, one TCP sends a PDU with the FIN flag set and a sequence number one greater than that assigned to the last octet of the transmitted data. Upon receipt of this PDU, the responding TCP sends back a PDU carrying an ACK for the FIN’s sequence number and a FIN of its own (this ACK or FIN may appear in the same PDU or in different PDUs). The TCP that sent the first FIN must respond with an ACK for this new FIN. This rather complex procedure allows a graceful close, ensuring that no data is lost during release of the connection.

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TCP Features

Because IP does not always guarantee reliable transfer of data, TCP implements seve ral reliability features to ensure that data arrives at its destination uncorrupted and in the order sent. Table 2-1 describes these features.

Table 2-1. TCP Reliability Features

Feature Description

Overview of IP Utilities

Sequence numbers

Out-of-order caching As TCP receives data segments, it puts them in sequential order

Checksums To ensure the integrity of the data, the sending host adds a

Flow control Flow control all ows the receiving host to regulate ho w m uch data

Acknowledgm ent with retransmission

TCP assigns a sequence num ber to each data segment it transmits. The receiving host uses the sequence numbers to make sure that all the data arrives in order.

TCP assigns sequence numbers on a per-octet basis, so the value in t his fiel d is ac tuall y the se quenc e numbe r of t he fir st oct et of the user data.

and forwards them to the receiving TCP client. If TCP f ails to receive one or more segments and cannot complete the sequential orde rin g, it stores the remaining segments in cache memory for as long as the TCP connect ion exists. When TC P receives t he mi ssing seg ments , it tak es t he stor ed segmen ts fr om cache memory, puts them into sequential order with the newly received segments, and then forwards the m to the receiving TCP client. Out- of-order caching ensures that data arrives in the correct order while saving bandwidth and retransmission time.

checksum to each segment it transmits. The receiving host recalculates the checksum, and if there is dama ge, discards the segment.

is sent to it. To activate flo w control, the receiving host advertises

window

a transmit wind ow is full, the sending host must stop sending data until the receivi ng host can open the window again . To control the rate of data transfer on your TCP connections, you can specify the maximum window size allowed for each connection.

TCP requires the receivi ng host to acknowledge that it has received the data. If the sending host does not receive an acknowledgm ent within a set timeout interval, the sending station retransmit s the dat a. TCP determines the timeout interval by estimating the average time it tak es to send a segment and receive an acknowledgment for it.

that indicates how much data it can accept. When the

303529-A Rev 00

2-3

Configuring IP Utilities

Connection Ty pe s

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that requires application programs at both ends of a co nnection to ag ree to it before TCP tr af f i c can p ass across a network. To do so, the application program at one end performs a passive open while the application pr ogram at the ot her end pe rforms an a cti v e open. For passi ve ope ns, a TCP client (the process or application program that uses TCP) waits to accept incoming connection reque sts. Clients using passive opens can listen for specific connection request s or for a range of inbound requests. In an active open, the client initiates the connection. Once a connection has been created, application programs can begin to pass data; tha t is, the programs at each end exchange messages that guarantee reliable delivery.

Connections and Connection States

TCP establishes a set of access poi nts, referred to as ports, for each host. It associates each port with a networ k and host address to form a socket. A pair of sockets, together with sequence numbers, window sizes, and status information, form a TCP connection.

Table 2-2 lists the states through which a TCP connection proceeds during its lifetime.

2-4

Table 2-2. TCP Connection States

State Definition

LISTEN (2) TCP listens for a connection request fro m an y remote TCP. SYN SENT (3) TCP has sent a connection request (SYN segment) and waits for

a matching connecti on request and acknowledgment from the remote TCP.

SYNRECEIVED (4) TCP has sent a connection request, received a matching

request, and waits for a confirming connection request acknowledgment from the remote TCP.

ESTABLISHED (5) Connection open. Data can be re ceived and sent. This is the

normal state f or th e data transfer phase of the connection.

FINWAI T-1 (6) TCP waits for a connection termination requ est (FIN segment)

from the remote TCP, or f or an acknowledgment of a previously sent connection termination request.

(continued)

303529-A Re v 00

Overview of IP Utilities

Table 2-2. TCP Connection States

State Definition

FINWAI T-2 (7) TCP waits for a connection termination requ est from the remote

TCP. CLOSEWAIT (8) TCP waits for a connecti on termination request from the client. CLOSING (10) TCP waits for a connection t ermination request acknowledgment

from the remote TCP. LASTACK (9) TCP waits for acknowledgment of the connection termination

request previously sent to the remote TCP. TIMEWAI T (11) TCP waits for enough tim e to pas s to ens ure that the r emot e TCP

received the acknowledgment of i ts connection termination

request. CLOSED (1) No connection.

(continued)

TCP Memory Considerations

The Transmission Control Protocol requires a significant amount of memory to:

• Retain copies of outbound data in case they must be retransmitted

• Retain copies of inbound data in case they are received out of order and must be rearranged

303529-A Rev 00

• Manage the TCP connections

The amount of memory used per TCP connection is dynamic. Each connection uses a small am ount of overhead memor y (less than 1 KB), even if the connection is idle. As the size of the transmit-and-receive window increases, so does the memory for connections. It e xpands as much as TCP allows.

You can control the window size by setting a value for the Max. Window Size parameter in the Edit TCP Global Parameters window (see Chapter 3). The maximum amount of memory TCP can use for a connection is equal to the overhea d memory plus twic e the window size (because the wi ndo w can fill in both directions).

2-5

Configuring IP Utilities

The value you set for the maximum window size depends on how much memory you need for services other than TCP. If you have a complicated configuration, specify a low Max. Window Size value for TCP connections, since space is limited. Systems with less involved configurations can support more TCP connections and a higher maximum window size value.

If TCP consumes too much memory on the router, connections slo w do wn or e ven abort. TCP uses feedback mechanisms to indicate to clients when resources are becoming s carc e. However, if clients disregard this feedback, TCP has to break connections. TCP attempts to monitor and break the connections consuming the most memory, to maintain connections consuming less memory.

TCP and IP Service Users

TCP is the layer betwe en IP and protocols running at highe r layers in the network hierarchy. Figure 2-1 shows a simple network architecture with f our users of TCP/IP services: data link switching (DLSw), Telnet, FTP, and BGP.

2-6

DLSw FTP

Figure 2-1. TCP Between IP and Clients

Telnet BGP

TCP

TCP0001A

303529-A Re v 00

The interface be tw een TCP an d programs that use TC P consists of a set of messages exchanged between the clients and TCP, and a set of functions and macros that user programs call to exchange TCP messages. These programs use the functions and macros to:

• Open, close, abort, and get the status of connections.

• Control the flow of data.

• Encapsulate data for TCP to trans mit .

• Process recei ved TCP data.

When a program passes data to TCP, the TCP layer formats the data and calls on the IP layer to transmit the data to its destination.

For informatio n about creating TCP on the router, see Chapter 1. For information about editing TCP parameters, see Chapter 3.

FTP Overview

The File Transf er Protocol allows fi les to be transferred from a server to an FTP client or from an FTP client to the server. FTP ensures the integrity of data transferred from one system to anothe r.

Overview of IP Utilities

303529-A Rev 00

Using FTP, you can log in to a remote host, identify yourself, list remote directories, copy files to or from the remote host, and execute a few simple commands rem o tely.

When you enable FTP on the router, you can:

• Download files from a host system to a remote router and retrieve files from the router.

• Examine the directory lis ting of files on the remote router.

• Delete fil es on the remote router.

For informatio n about creating the FTP server on the router, see Chapter 1. For information about edi ting FTP para meters, see Chapter 4.

2-7

Configuring IP Utilities

How FTP Works

The FTP client initiates an FTP session with the FTP server on the router. The session establishe s two separate connections between host and router as follows:

• Control connection - - the communicat ion path betwe en the FTP clie nt and the FTP control server for the exc hange of commands and replies used for sending a command request or respons e.

• Data connection - - a full-dupl e x connec tion ov e r which data is tr ansferred in a specified mode and type between FTP client and FTP server.

The FTP client residing on the host an d the FTP server residing on the router rely on the underlying support of TCP and IP for the reliable, sequenced transfer of data and control messages (Figure 2-2

Host

FTP

Client

TCP TCP

IP IP

LAN/WAN

Key

Control connection

Data connection

Router

FTP

Server

TCP0002A

2-8

Figure 2-2. FTP Client and Server

303529-A Re v 00

Overview of IP Utilities

Table 2-3 describes the FTP commands that the FTP server supports on Bay

Networks routers.

Table 2-3. FTP Comma nd s Su ppo rted

Command Code Description

Access Control Commands

User Name USER Initiates an FTP session for the user. Password PASS Specifies a user’s encrypted identification for access control. Logout QUIT Terminates the sessi on and closes the control connection.

Transfer Parameter Commands

Data Port PORT Specifies the data port to be used in the data conne ction. Representatio n

Type Transfer Mode MODE Specifies the transfer mode. The server supports stream

File Structure STRU Specifies the file structure type. The server supports fil e (no

FTP Service Commands

Retrieve RETR Causes the server to transfer the specified file to the client. Abort ABOR Causes the server to abort the pre vious FTP service

Store STOR Causes the server to ac cept t he da ta tr ansf e rred o ver t he data

Store Unique STOU Specifies the same operation as the

Delete DELE Causes the server to delete the specified file on the server. List LIST Causes the server to send to the client a detailed list of files. Name List NLST Causes the server to send to the cli ent a l ist of file names. Status STAT Causes th e server to send to the cl ient the control conn ection

Help HELP Provides helpful information. No Operation NOOP Specifies no action. Causes the server to send an OK reply.

TYPE Specifies the data transfe r ty pe. The server supports transfer

of ASCII and image (binary) data.

mode only.

record) structure only.

command and any associ ated transfer of dat a.

connection and stor e it on the serv er.

Store

command and, in addition, causes the server to create the resulting file in the current directory under a name unique to that directory.

status. If the server receives the command during file transfer, the server sends the client the status of the transfer.

(continued)

303529-A Rev 00

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Configuring IP Utilities

Table 2-3. FTP Comma nd s Su ppo rted

Command Code Description

Change Working Directory

Print Working Directory

Implementation-specific FTP Commands

Compact COMP Causes the server to compact the flash card. Use this

TFTP Overview

The Tri vial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a TCP/IP standard protocol for transferrin g files with minimum capability and minimal ove rhead. TFTP is implemented on top of the unreliab le connectionless datagram deli very service and is used to move files between network devices.

TFTP was designed to be small and easy to implement. Because it is small, it is more restrictive, lacking most of the features of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). TFTP provides inexpensive, unsophisticated file-transfer service only. It cannot list directori es and provides no authentication.

(continued)

CWD Causes the server to change the volume.

PWD Causes the server to print its current workin g dir ectory.

command after the contiguous space is low. You can determine the amount of contiguous space on a router by using the

delete

command, or when the amount of

dir

command.

2-10

TFTP runs on top of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and uses timeout and retransmission to ens ure that data arrives. Each file transfer begins with a request to read or write to a file; this request also serves to ask for a connection. If the server grant s the requ est, the connection is opened and the file is sent in fixe d-length blocks (data packets) of 512 byt es . Each dat a pack et contains one block of data and mus t be ackno wl edged by a n ackno wle dgment packe t bef ore the next packet is sent. A data packet of less than 512 bytes terminates the transfer.

If a packet gets lost in the network, the intended recipient will time out and may retransmit its last packet (which can be data or an acknowledgment), causing the sender of the lost packet to retransmit the packet. Because the lock-step acknowledgm ent guarantees that all older packets have been received, the sender keeps one packet only on hand for trans mission.

303529-A Re v 00

Both devices involved in a TFTP transf er are senders and receivers . One device sends data and receives acknowledgments; the other device sends acknowledgments and receives data.

The IP router includes a client and server implementation of TFTP, enabling the router to transmit and receive files across a network.

For infor mation abou t crea ting TFTP on the r outer , see Chapter 1. F or in formati on about editing TFTP parameters, see Chapter 5.

Telnet Overview

T elnet is a virtual terminal protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It allows you to access a ny system on your network running the Telnet server software. Acces sing Telnet establi she s a virtua l connecti on between your terminal and the specified host. Once you connect to a host through Telnet, your terminal appears to be connected direc tly to tha t host.

Telnet offers three basic services:

Overview of IP Utilities

• It defines a network virtual terminal that provides a standard interface to remote systems. Clients do not have to understand the details of all possible remote systems; they a re built to use the standard interface.

• It allows clie nt and server to negotiate options, and it provides a set of standard options.

• It treats both ends of the connection symmetrically. So, instead of forcing the client side to connect to a user’s terminal, Telnet allows an arbitrary program to become a client. Furthermore, either end of the connection can negotiate options.

T elnet is used primarily to access the Technician Int erface. You ca n execute T echnician Interface commands from a remote host (inbound Telnet) or originate an outgoing Telnet session (outbound Telnet) to another Bay Networks router or network device that accepts Telnet. You use outbound Te lnet to access remote routers when Site Manager or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is unavailable.

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Configuring IP Utilities

To use Telnet to access the Technician Interface, you must assign at least one IP address to the router. The number of Telnet connections you can make to the T echnic ian I nterface is limited only by the av ai labilit y of sys te m resources (that is, syst em memory).

Note:

router.

Before you can enable Telnet on the router, you must first create TCP. After you create TCP, you can create a Telnet server and Telnet client and modify their default parameters. For information about creating TCP and Te lnet on the router, see Chapter 1. For information about modifying T elnet default parameters, see Chapter 6.

Telnet Server

When you create a Telnet server, t he route r acce pts i nbound r equests f rom a Telnet client and establishe s a Telnet session to the Technician Interface.

We recommend that you establish no more than one Telnet session per

2-12

A PC with a network configuration can run a Telnet terminal emulation program to establish a remote session on a router (Figure 2-3). In this case, the PC is defined as a Telnet client and the router as a Telnet server.

303529-A Re v 00

Overview of IP Utilities

Telnet (server)

Inbound Telnet session

TCP

connection

TCP0004A

Figure 2-3. Telnet Server

Telnet Client

303529-A Rev 00

When you create a Telnet client, the router sends outbound requests to a remote host to establi sh a Telnet session on a remote node. Afte r the route r esta blishes t he T elnet session, you can access all Technician Interface commands.

If you have established a terminal/console cable connection to a router, you can log in to the local rou ter and use the Telnet command to establis h a remote session on a remote router (Figure 2-4). In thi s case, the local router is defined as the T elnet client and the remote router as the Telnet server.

2-13

Configuring IP Utilities

Console cable

Figure 2-4. Telnet Client

Outbound

Telnet session

TCP

connection

Telnet (server)Telnet (client)

TCP0005A

2-14

303529-A Re v 00

NTP Overview

The Network Tim e Prot ocol (NTP) synchronizes the timing of internal clocks of various network devices across large, diverse networks to universal standard time. NTP runs o ver UDP, which in turn runs over IP. The NTP prot ocol specification is documented in RFC 1305.

Each device on the network contains an internal system clock that is used to maintain accurate tim e for the device. The internal system clock on most local devices is set by eye or by wristwatch to within a minute or two of the actual time and is rarely reset at regular intervals. Many of these cl ocks are battery-backed devices tha t use room temperature clock oscillators that can dri ft as much as seve ral seconds each day. NTP solves this problem by automatical ly adjusting the time of the devices so tha t the y are synchronized within milliseconds.

The current implementa tion of NTP suppor ts only NTP client mode. In this mode, the local NTP client, which runs on a router, accepts time informati on from other remote time server s and adjusts its clock accordingly. However, the NTP local client will not attempt to synchronize another device’s clock.

Overview of IP Utilities

NTP Terminology

An NTP peer can be any device that runs NTP software. However, the current implementation of NTP refers to peers as remote time servers that provide time information to other ti me servers on the network and to the local NTP client. An NTP client refer s to the local network device -- in this case a router -- that accepts time information from other remote time servers.

NTP System Implementation Model

NTP is based on a hierarchical model that consists of a local NTP client, which runs on the router, and a number of remote time servers. The NTP client sends requests for time inform ation (NTP messages) to and receives time information from one or more remote time server s. The local NTP client reviews the time information from all available time servers and synchronizes its internal clock to the time servers whose time is most accur ate. The NTP client does not forward time information to other de vices running NTP.

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Configuring IP Utilities

There are two types of time servers in the NTP model: primary time servers and secondary time servers. A primary time server is directly synchronized to a

primary reference source , usua lly a wire or radio clock that is synchronized to a radio station that provides a standard time service. The primary time server is the authoritative time so u r ce in th e hier archy, mea n ing that it is th e one true time source to which the other NTP devices in the subnet will synchronize their internal clocks.

A secondary ti me server synchronizes its time from a primary time server or from one or more secondary time serve r s to form a synchronization subnet (see

Figure 2-5

master-slave configuration with the primary servers at the root and the secondary servers of decreasing accuracy at successive levels from the primary servers.

). A synchronization subnet is a self-organizing, hierarchical

Primary

server

Stratum 1

Secondary

servers

Figure 2-5. Time Serv ers Forming a Sy nchroni z a tio n S ubnet

In the NTP model, the synchronization subnet automatically reconfigures in a hierarchic al mast er-slave con figurat ion to p ro du ce the mo st acc ur at e and reliab le time, even when one or more primary time servers or the network path between them fails. This includes a case in which all the primary servers on a partitioned subnet fail, but one or more backup primary servers continue to operate. Should all primary time serve rs in the subnet fail, the remaining secondary ser vers will synchronize among themselves.

Stratum 2

Stratum 3

TCP0007A

2-16

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How NTP Distributes Time Within the Subnet

NTP distribut es time through a hierarchy of primary and secondary time servers, with each serve r adopting a “stratum” (see Figure 2-5 on page 2-16). A “stratum” defines ho w many NTP “hops” aw ay a particu lar secondary ti me serv er is fr om an authoritative time source (primary ti m e server) in th e synchronization subnet. A “stratum 1” time server, located at the top of the hierarchy, is directly attached to an external time source, typically a wire or radio clock; a “stratum 2” time server re cei ve s its t ime vi a NTP from a “s trat um 1” time se rv er; a “str atum 3” t ime server receives its time via NTP from a “stratum 2” time server, and so forth.

Each NTP client in the synchronization subnet chooses as its time source the server with the lowest stratum number that it is configured to communicate with via NTP. This strategy effectively builds a self-o rganizing tree of NTP speakers. The number of strata is limited to 15 to avoid long-lived synchronization loops.

NTP tries not to synchronize to a remote time server whose time might not be accurate. It avoids doing this in two ways. First, NTP never synchronizes to a remote time server that is not in turn synchronized itself. Second, NTP compares the time reported by several remote time server s, a nd will not synchronize to a remote time server whose time is marke dly different from the others, even if its stra t um is low er.

Overview of IP Utilities

Synchronizing with the Best Available Time Server

Unlike other implementa tions of time synchronization protocol s, NTP does not attempt to synchroniz e the remot e time server’s inte rnal clocks to each other . Rather, NTP achieves time synchronization by synchronizing their clocks to univ ersal standard time using the “best” av ailable time source and transmi s sion paths to that time source.

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Configuring IP Utilities

NTP uses the following criteria to determine the time server whose time is best:

• Time server with the lowest stratum

• Time serv er closest in proximity to the primary time serv er (re duces network delays)

• Time server offering the highest claimed precision

NTP prefers to have access to several (at least three) servers at the lower stratum leve l, since it c an apply an agreement algorit hm to detect a problem on an y part of the time source.

NTP Modes of Operation

NTP provides three modes of operation (or associations) in which time servers and NTP clients can communicate with each other in the synchronization subnet: unicast client mode, broadcast client mode, and multicast client mode. Currently, Bay Networks supports only NTP client mode.

NTP forms an association when two remote time servers exchange messages and one or both of them create and maintain an instantiation of the router.

2-18

Unicast Client Mode

Unicast client mode is the recommende d mode of operation. Use unicast client mode to conf igure a set of remote ti me se rver s (or peers) f or ti me synchr onization. You can also configure access control filters for time servers in unicast client mode, but normally you would perfor m this operation in broadcast client or multicast client mode. For more information about performing these tasks, see

Chapter 7

When you configure a set of remote time servers (peers), NTP creates a peer list that includes each time server’s IP address. The NTP client uses the peer list to determine which remote time ser vers to query for time information. When the NTP client queri es the remote time se rver s, they respond with various timestamps, along with information about their clocks, such as stratum, precision, and time reference (Figure 2-6

). The NTP client reviews the list of responses from all the available servers and chooses one as the “best” available time source from which to synchronize its inter nal clock.

303529-A Re v 00

Overview of IP Utilities

NTP time

servers

NTP clients

Server A Server B

Peer list

TCP0006A

Figure 2-6. NTP Time Servers Ope rating in Unicast C lient Mode

Broadcast and Multicast Client Mode

In broadcast client and multicast client modes, the local NTP client will accept NTP packets from ev ery remote time server, provided that the IP destinatio n address of the NTP packet matches the IP broadcast address of the local NTP client. After the NTP client receives NTP packets, it applies rules to select the remote time server with the greatest accuracy.

303529-A Rev 00

In broadcast client and multica st client modes, you can restrict specific time servers fr om sending NTP packets to an NTP client by c onfiguring access control filters. You cannot, ho wev er, configur e pee rs in e ither br oadcas t clie nt or multic ast client mode.

Bay Networks recommends that you use broadcast client mode and multicast client mode when you ha ve man y clients on the network a nd onl y one remote time server, as broadcasting reduces overall traffic volume on the network.

2-19

Configuring IP Utilities

NetB IOS Overview

The Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) is a session layer communications service used by client and server applications in IBM token ring and PC LAN networks.

NetBIOS provide s applications wit h a programming interface for sharing services and information across a variety of lower-layer network protocols, including IP.

Figure 2-7

architecture.

shows the position of NetBIOS and IP in a simple netw ork

Host A

Host B

Application layer

Session layer

Network layer

Client

NetBIOS NetBIOS

IP IP

Router

NetBIOS

LAN/WAN

Server

IP0032A

Figure 2-7. NetBIOS over IP

There are three cate gor ies of NetBIOS services: the name service, the session service, and the datagram ser vice.

The NetBIOS name service allows an application to:

• Verify that its own NetBIOS name is unique. The application issues an add

name query to NetBIOS. NetBIOS broadca sts the add name query, containing the name. NetBIOS applications that receive the query return an add name response or a name-in-conf lict response. If no response to the query is received after (typically) six broadcasts, the name is considered to be unique.

2-20

• Delete a NetBIOS name that the application no longer requires.

303529-A Re v 00

• Use a server’s NetBIOS name to determine the server’s networ k address. The

application issue s a name query reque st to NetBIOS, containing the target server’s NetBIOS name. NetBIOS broadcasts the name query request. The server that rec ognizes the name returns a name query response containing its network address.

The NetBIOS session service allows an application to conduct a reliable, sequenced exchange of message s with another application. The messages can be up to 131,071 bytes long.

The NetBIOS datagr am serv ice allows an application t o exc hange dat agrams with a specific appl ication or to broadcast datagrams to a group and receive datagrams from the group. Datagrams allo w applications to communicate without establishing a session. When a NetBIOS application wants to send information that does not require acknowledgment from the destination applic ation, the application can transmit a NetBIOS datagram.

NetBIOS in an IP Environment

The NetBIOS name service and datagram service rely on the capability of the underlying networ k to broadcast name query requests to all NetBIOS applicati ons. In a NetBIOS over IP environment, it is the responsibility of the IP router to ensure that the broadcast queries reach all appropriate network se gments. To do this, the router:

Overview of IP Utilities

303529-A Rev 00

1. Analyzes eac h Net B IO S p acket received on any NetB IO S interface to

determine whether the packe t is a broadcast packet

2. Rebroadcasts each broadcast packet out all appropriate interfaces, except the

one on which it was re ceived (rea dd res sing the pac ket if required)

If alternate paths exist between different network segments, broadcasting loops can occur. To prevent such loops, the router:

1. Stamps the data portion of the IP packet with the IP addre ss of the route r from

which the packet was rebroa dc ast

2. Parses the IP addresses included in the data portion of the IP packet to

determine if the packe t has alr eady been rebroadcast by that router

In Figure 2-8

, for example, client C on the network connected to router B wishes to communicate with server S, which is located on the network connected to router A.

2-21

Configuring IP Utilities

The followin g steps occur:

1. The client issues a name query request to NetBIOS on the host, specifyi ng the

server appli cati on b y its Net BIOS name. The IP s ervice on t he h ost broadc asts the name query request.

2. Router B receives the name query request, determines that it is a broadcast

message, and rebroadcasts it out each of its NetBIOS interfaces (except for the one on which it arriv e d).

3. Router A receives the broadcast request and rebroadcasts it to its local

network.

4. The server on router A receives the IP broadca st request and recognizes its

own name.

Router A

Router B

2-22

Router C

Router D

Key

Client

Server

NetBIOS/IP Interface

Figure 2-8. Broadcasting a Name Query Request

IP0033A

303529-A Re v 00

Overview of IP Utilities

The server responds to the name query request by issuing a positive name query response, containing the IP address of the server, to NetBIOS on the host. The following ste ps occur (Figure 2-9

1. NetBIOS sends the response to router A as a unicast message.

2. Router A and router B forward the unicast response to the awaiting client. Now that the client has obtained the server’ s IP address from the name query

response, client and server can communicate by exchanging IP messages.

Router A

Router B

Router C

303529-A Rev 00

Router D

Key

Client

Server

NetBIOS/IP Interface

Figure 2-9. Returning a Unicast Name Query Resp onse

IP0034A

2-23

Configuring IP Utilities

Forwarding Name Queries over an Unnumbered Interface

NetBIOS cannot be configured directly on an unnumbered interface. Because of this restrict ion, name query requests cannot be broadcast ove r an unnumbered interface .

To forward name query requests over unnumbered interfaces, the network administrator con figures a static NetBIOS name entry to the proper NetBIOS name server. In this way, name query requests will traverse the unnumbered interfaces as uni cast IP pa cket s.

DNS Overview

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed database system, with DNS clients requesting host name/address resolution information from various DNS servers. DNS is used with numerous types of networ king applications and protocols.

Specifically, DNS provides a directory service that allows client devices to retrieve info rm at ion fro m a server-based dat ab ase. For the Inte rn et, D NS en ab les a device to obtain the IP address of a host based on the host’s domain name.

2-24

The Bay Networks router functio ns as a DNS client.

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Chapter 3

Customizing TCP Services

This chapter describes how to customize TCP services on the router. It assumes you have configured IP on an interface and started TCP using the default parameters, as described in Chapter 1, and that you understand the TCP concepts described in Chapter 2.

After you start TCP on the router, TCP default values are in effect for all TCP parameters. You customize TCP by modifying these parameters as described in the follo wing sections.

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T opic Page

Configuring TCP Using the BCC or Site Manager Disabling and Reenabling TCP 3-3 Setting the Minimum Retransmission Timeout 3-3 Setting the Maximu m Retransmission Timeout 3-5 Setting the Maximum Window Size 3-6

3-2

3-1

Configuring IP Utilities

Configuring TCP Using the BCC or Site Manager

Table 3-1 lists the TCP configura tion tasks described in this chapter and indicates

whether you can use the BCC or Site Manager to perform each task.

Table 3-1. TCP Configuration Tasks

Task BCC Site Manager

Disabling and Reenabling TCP Setting the Minimum Retransmission Timeout Setting the Maximu m Retransmission Timeout Setting the Maximum Window Size

Disabling and Reenabling TCP

After you configu re IP and star t TCP, all TCP default paramet ers are automatically enable d on the router. If you disable TCP, it is no longer available on all IP circuits.

Using the BCC

To disable TCP, navigate to the TCP prompt and enter:

disable

For example, the following command line disables TCP on the router.

disable

tcp# tcp#

To reenable TCP, navigate to the TCP prompt and enter:

✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓

3-2

enable

For example, this command line reenables TCP on the router.

enable

tcp# tcp#

303529-A Re v 00

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to disable and reenable TCP on the router.

You do this System responds

Customizing TCP Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the on on page A-4

6. Click on

Protocols Global Protocols

TCP Global

Enable/Disable

Help

or see th e parameter de scr iption

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The TCP menu opens.

. The Edit TCP Global Parameters window

parameter. Click

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

exits t he window.

Setting the Minimum Retransmission Timeout

You can specify a minimum value for the retransmission timeout. When one side of a TCP connection sends a frame and does not recei v e an ackno wl edgment from the other side of the connection within the timeout period, the sending station retransmi ts the frame.

If you are transmitting on a high-speed network and you set the minimum retransmission tim eout value too high, network performance may de grade because TCP must wait for the timeout period to elapse before retransmitting unacknowledge d data.

303529-A Rev 00

3-3

Configuring IP Utilities

Using the BCC

By default, the router sets the minimum retransmission timeout value to 250 milliseconds (ms).

To specify a value for the minimum retransmission timeout, naviga te to the TCP prompt and enter:

min-rto

integer

For example, the following command sets the val ue for the minimum retransmission timeout to 300 ms:

tcp# tcp#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify a value for the minimum retransmission tim eout.

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Se t th e

(msec.)

the parameter description on page A- 2

6. Click on

is a value from 100 to 15000 millise conds (ms).

min-rto 300

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

Protocols

Global Protocols TCP Global

Min. Retransmission Timeout

parameter. Click on

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The TCP menu opens.

. The Edit TCP Global Parameters window

opens.

Help or

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

see

exits t he window.

3-4

303529-A Re v 00

Customizing TCP Services

Setting the Maximum Retransmission Timeout

You can specify a maximum value for the retransmission timeout. When one side of a TCP connection sends a frame and does not recei v e an ackno wl edgment from the other side of the connection within the timeout period, the sending station retransmi ts the frame.

If you are transmitting on a lo w-speed network and you set the maximum retransmission t imeout v alue too lo w, the network may become congeste d, as TCP retransmits unacknowledged frames that have not yet reached their destination.

Using the BCC

By default, TCP sets the maximum retr ansmission value to 240000 ms. To specify a value for the minimu m retra nsmission timeout, navigat e to the TCP prompt and enter:

max-rto

integer

is a value from 15000 to 240000 ms.

For example, the following command sets the val ue for the maximum retransmission timeout to 235000 ms:

max-rto 235000

tcp# tcp#

303529-A Rev 00

3-5

Configuring IP Utilities

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify a maximum value for the retransmission tim eout.

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the

(msec.)

the parameter description on page A- 3

6. Click on

Protocols

Global Protocols TCP Global

Max. Retransmission Timeout

parameter. Click on

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The TCP menu opens.

. The Edit TCP Global Parameters window

Help

or see

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Setting the Maximum Window Size

You can specify a value in bytes to determine the maximum transmit-and-r ece ive window size th at TCP allows for eac h connection . The lar ger the window size, the more memory each TCP connection consumes.

Using the BCC

By default, TCP sets the maximum window size to 4096 bytes. To specify the maximum window size, navigate to the TCP prompt and enter:

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

exits t he window.

3-6

max-win

integer

is a value from 512 to 65535 by tes.

For example, the following command sets the val ue for the maximum window size to 1050 bytes:

max-win 1050

tcp# tcp#

303529-A Re v 00

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to set the maximum window size (in bytes) that TCP allows for each connection.

You do this System responds

Customizing TCP Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the parameter. Click on parameter descri pti on on pageA-3

6. Click on

Protocols

Global Protocols TCP Global

Max. Window Size (bytes)

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The TCP menu opens.

. The Edit TCP Global Parameters window

Help

or see the

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

The Edit TCP Globa l Parameters window opens.

opens.

exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

3-7

Chapter 4

Customizing FTP Services

This chapter describes how to customize FTP services on the router. It assumes you have configured IP on an interface and started FTP using the default parameters, as described in Chapter 1, and that you understand the FTP concepts described in Chapter 2.

After you start FTP on the router, FTP default values are in effect for all FT P parameters. You customize F TP b y modif ying the se p aramete rs as des cribed in the following se ctions.

303529-A Rev 00

T opic Page

Configuring FTP Using the BCC or Site Manager Disabling and Reenabling FTP 4-2 Specifying the Number of Logi n Retries 4-5 Specifying the Maximum FTP Idl e Timeout 4-6 Specifying the Maximum Number of FTP Sessions 4-7 Specifying the Data Transmission Type 4-8 Specifying the FTP Contro l Connection 4-8 Specifying a Data Transfer Value 4-9 Specifying the TCP Window Size 4-10

4-2

4-1

Configuring IP Utilities

Configuring FTP Using the BCC or Site Manager

Table 4-1 lists the FTP configurat ion tasks described in this chapter and indicates

whether you can use the BCC or Site Manager to perform each task.

Table 4-1. FTP Configuration Tasks

Task BCC Site Manager

Disabling and Reenabling FTP Specifying the FTP Default Volume Specifying the Number of Logi n Retries Specifying the Maximum FTP Idl e Timeout Specifying the Maximum Number of FTP Sessions Specifying the Data Transmission Type Specifying the FTP Contro l Connection Specifying a Data Transfer Value Specifying the TCP Window Size

Disabling and Reenabling FTP

After you configure IP and start FTP, all FTP default values are automatically enabled on the router.

Using the BCC

To disable FTP, navigate to the FTP prompt and enter:

disable

✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓

✓ ✓ ✓

✓✓

4-2

For example, this command line disables the FTP server on the router.

disable

ftp# ftp#

To reenable FTP, navigate to the FTP prompt and enter:

enable

303529-A Re v 00

For example, the following command line reenables FTP on the router.

ftp# enable ftp#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to enable and disable an FTP server.

You do this System responds

Customizing FTP Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the on on page A-4

6. Click on OK. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Protocols

Global Protocols FTP. Global

Enable/Disable

Help

or see the parameter description

. The Global Protocols menu opens.

. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

parameter. Click

Specifying the FTP Default Volume

The FTP default v olume is t he fil e syste m vol ume to which F TP writes t ransferred files and from which FTP retr ieves files fo r transfer. To specify the FTP default volume, you must enter a value from 1 to 13 for the file system volume. On diskette-ba sed systems, you must enter volume A as the default v olume.

Using the BCC

By default, FTP uses vol ume 1 as the default volume. To specify a volume, navigate to the FTP prompt and enter:

The Protocols menu opens.

The FTP menu opens.

opens.

exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

default-volume

volume

_number

<volume_number>

is an integer ranging from 1 to 14, 1a to 4a, or 1b to 4b .

4-3

Configuring IP Utilities

For example, the following command sequence specif ies volume 5 as the default volume and displays attributes and values:

ftp# default-volume 5 ftp# info

on box state disabled default-volume 2 login-retries 3 idle-timeout 900 max-sessions 3 tcp-window-size 60000

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify the FTP default volume.

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the on on page A-4

6. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols. FTP. Global.

Default Vol ume

Help

or see the parameter description

OK.

parameter. Click

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The FTP menu opens. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

opens.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

4-4

303529-A Re v 00

Specifying the Number of Login Retries

The FTP login r etries v alue is the num ber of F TP logi n ret ries tha t FTP will a ccept before rejectin g logins.

Using the BCC

By default, FTP accepts only thre e FT P login retries. To change the number of retries, navigate to the FTP prompt and enter:

integer

For example, the following command line causes FTP to accept 10 login retries before rejectin g logins:

ftp# ftp#

Using Site Manager

is the number of retri es that FTP allows.

Customizing FTP Services

303529-A Rev 00

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify an FTP login retry value.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the

Help

page A-4

6. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols. FTP. Global.

or see the parameter description on

OK.

parameter . Clic k on

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The FTP menu opens. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

opens.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

4-5

Configuring IP Utilities

Specifying the Maximum FTP Idle Timeout

The FTP idle time is the length of time (in seconds) that FTP waits before closing an idle FTP control connection. Y ou must determine the maximum idle time you want to allow and specify the time value in seconds.

Using the BCC

By default , F TP waits 900 seconds be fore closing an idle FTP control connect ion. To specify a timeout interv a l, navigate to the FTP prompt and enter:

idle-timeout

integer

For example , the following command line causes FTP to w ait 150 seconds before closing an idle FTP control session:

ftp# ftp#

Using Site Manager

idle-timeout 150

is the number of seconds FTP waits before timing out.

4-6

Complete the tasks in the following table to set th e length of time (in se conds) tha t FTP waits before closing an idle FTP control connection.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the Click on description on page A-5

6. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols. FTP. Global.

Idle Time Out (secs)

Help

or see the parameter

OK.

parameter.

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The FTP menu opens. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

opens.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

303529-A Re v 00

Customizing FTP Services

Specifying the Maximum Number of FTP Sessions

You can determine the maximum number of FTP sessions you want to run simultaneously by spe cifying a value from 1 to 10000.

Using the BCC

By default, FTP allows up to three sessions at one time. To specify the number of sessions, navigate to the FTP prompt and enter:

max-sessions

integer

For example, the following command sets the maximum number of FTP sessions to 10:

ftp# ftp#

Using Site Manager

is the maximum number of allowable FTP sessions.

max-session 10

303529-A Rev 00

Complete the ta sks in the following table to specify the maximum number of FTP sessions you want to run at one time.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the on on page A-5

6. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols. FTP. Global.

Max. Sessions

Help

or see the parameter description

OK.

parameter. Click

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The FTP menu opens. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

opens.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

4-7

Configuring IP Utilities

Specifying the Data Transmission T yp e

You can determine the type of data trans mission you want to use to transfer your files. To tranfer files consisting of ASCII characters, specify ASCII. To specify files consisting of binary characters, specify Bin ary.

You can use Site Manager to specify the data tra nsmission type you want to use.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols.

select

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the on on page A-5

6. Click on

Global Protocols. FTP. Global.

Type of Service

Help

or see the parameter description

OK.

parameter. Click

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The FTP menu opens. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

opens.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

Specifying the FTP Control Connection

You can determine how the Inte rnet tr ansport l ay er handl es datag rams on a cont rol data connection by specifying the Type of Service value that FTP inserts in IP datagrams on a control connection.

You can use Site Manager to specify the type of serv ice value

Site Manager Procedure

4-8

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

Protocols.

Global Protocols.

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens.

(continued)

303529-A Re v 00

Customizing FTP Services

Site Manager Procedur e

You do this System responds

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the Click on description on page A-6

6. Click on

FTP. Global.

Control Connection

Help

or see the parameter

OK.

parameter.

Specifying a Data Transfer Value

You can determine how the Inte rnet transport layer handles datagrams on a data transfer connect ion by specifying a value that indica tes the Type of Service that FTP inserts in IP datagrams on a data transfer connection.

You can use Site Manager to specify the type of serv ice value that FTP inserts in IP datagrams on a data transfer connection

Site Manager Procedure

(continued)

The FTP menu opens. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

opens.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols.

select

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the

Help

page A-6

6. Click on

Global Protocols. FTP. Global.

Data Transfer

or see the parameter description on

OK.

parameter. Click on

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The FTP menu opens. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

opens.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

4-9

Configuring IP Utilities

Specifying the TCP Window Size

You can determine the size of the windo w you require on your system for TCP connections by specifying its size in bytes.

Using the BCC

By default, the size of TCP windows used for connections is 60,000 bytes. To specify a TCP window size, navigate to the FTP prompt and enter:

tcp-window-size

integer

For example, the following command line sets the windo w size used for TCP connections to 45,000 bytes:

ftp# ftp#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify the size of the windows used for TCP connections

is the size in bytes of the TCP window.

tcp-window-size 45000

4-10

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the Click on description on page A-6

6. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols. FTP. Global.

TCP Window Size

Help

or see the parameter

OK.

parameter.

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The FTP menu opens. The Edit FTP Global Parameters window

opens.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

303529-A Re v 00

Chapter 5

Customizing TFTP Services

This chapter describes how to customize Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) services on the router. It assumes you have configured IP on an interface and started TFTP using the def ault paramete rs, as descr ibed in Chapter 1, and that you understand the TFTP concepts des cribe d in Chapter 2.

After you start TFTP on the router, TFTP default values are in effect for all TFTP parameters. You customize TFTP by modifying these parameters as described in the follo wing sections.

303529-A Rev 00

T opic Page

Configuring TFTP Using the BCC or Site Manager Disabling and Reenabling TFTP Services 5-2 Specifying the Default Volume for the Router 5-3 Specifying a Retry Timeout Value 5-4 Specifying a Close Timeout Value 5-5 Specifying the Number of Ret ransmissions 5-6

5-2

5-1

Configuring IP Utilities

Configuring TFTP Using the BCC or Site Manager

Table 5-1 lists the TFTP configurat ion tasks described in this chapter and

indicates whether you can use the BCC or Site Manager to perfor m each tas k.

Table 5-1. TFTP Configu r at i on Tasks

Task BCC Site Manager

Disabling and Reenabling TFTP Services Specifying the Default Volume for the Router Specifying a Retry Timeout Value Specifying a Close Timeout Value Specifying the Number of Ret ransmissions

Disabling and Reenabling TFTP Services

After you configure IP and start TFTP on the router, all TFTP default parameters are automatically enabled on the router.

Using the BCC

To disable TFTP, navigate to the TFTP prompt and enter:

disable

For example, the following command line disables TFTP on the router.

tftp# tftp#

To reenable TFTP, navigate to the TFTP prompt and enter:

disable

✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓

5-2

enable

For example, the following command line reenables TFTP on the router.

tftp# tftp#

enable

303529-A Re v 00

Using Site Manager

To disable and reenable TFTP services, perform the following actions:

You do this System responds

Customizing TFTP Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window ,

Protocols

choose

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose

4. Set the or see the parameter des cription on

page A-7

5. Click on OK. You return to the Configuration Manager

TFTP

Enable

. The Edit TFTP Parameters window

parameter. Click on

Help

The Protocols menu opens.

opens. The field is select ed.

window.

Specifying the Default Volume for the Router

When you configure a router, you must specify which of the router’s slots will be used, by default, for all TFTP GETs and PUTs.

Using the BCC

By default, the slot on which TFTP runs on the router is slot 2. I f you are configuring an AN® router, you must specify slot 1.

To specify the slot on which TFTP runs, navig ate to the TFTP prompt and enter:

303529-A Rev 00

default-volume

is an integer in the range 1 to 14, 1a to 4a, or 1b to 4b.

slot

<slot>

For exa mple, the following command line sets the default volume on which TFTP runs to 3:

tftp# tftp#

default-volume 3

5-3

Configuring IP Utilities

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify the appropriate volume number on which you are configur ing TFTP.

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Se t th e on on page A-7

5. Click on

Protocols IP

. The IP menu opens.

TFTP

Default Volume

Help

or see the parameter description

. The Edit TFTP Parameters window

parameter. Click

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Specifying a Retry Timeout Value

You can specify the amount of time (in seconds ) that TFTP waits for an acknowledgment before retransmitting the last packet.

Using the BCC

By default, TFTP waits 5 seconds for an acknowledgment before retransmitting the last packet.

To specify a retry timeout value, navigate to the TFTP prompt and enter:

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

exits t he window.

5-4

retry-timeout

integer

is any number of seconds.

For exa mple, the following c omman d line causes TFTP to wait 10 seconds before it transmits the last packet:

tftp# tftp#

retry-timeout 10

303529-A Re v 00

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify the number of seconds that TFTP waits for an ackno wledgment.

You do this System responds

Customizing TFTP Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Se t th e on on page A-7

5. Click on

Protocols IP

. The IP menu opens.

TFTP

Retry Time Out

Help

or see the parameter description

. The Edit TFTP Parameters window

parameter. Click

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Specifying a Close Timeout Value

You can specify the number of seconds TFTP waits, after it has successfully retrie ved a file, to make sure that the sender has recei ved the last ackno wledgment. By default, TFTP waits 25 seconds.

Using the BCC

To specify a retry timeout value, navigate to the TFTP prompt and enter:

close-timeout

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

integer

is any number of seconds.

For example, the following command line causes TFTP to wait 15 seconds to make sure that the send er has rece ived the last ack nowl ed gment:

tftp# tftp#

close-timeout 15

5-5

Configuring IP Utilities

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify a close timeout value.

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Se t th e on on page A-8

5. Click on

Protocols IP

. The IP menu opens.

TFTP

Close Time Out

Help

or see the parameter description

. The Edit TFTP Parameters window

parameter. Click

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

exits t he window.

Specifying the Number of Retransmissions

You can specify the number of times TFTP retransmits an unacknowledged message before abandoni ng the tra nsfer attempt.

Using the BCC

By default, TFTP abandons the tran sfer attempt after fi ve unsuccessful retransmissions. To specify the number of times TFTP retransmits an unacknowledge d message before aborting, navigate to the TFTP prompt and enter:

5-6

retry-count

integer

indicates any number of retransmissions.

For example, the following command line causes TFTP to abandon the trans fer attempt after 1 0 retr ie s:

tftp# tftp#

retry-count 10

303529-A Re v 00

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specif y the number of ret ransmiss ions that TFTP will attempt.

You do this System responds

Customizing TFTP Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Se t th e

Help

page A-8

5. Click on

Protocols IP

. The IP menu opens.

TFTP

Retransmit

or see the parameter description on

. The Edit TFTP Parameters window

parameter. Click on

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

5-7

Chapter 6

Customizing Telnet Services

This chapter describes how to customize Telnet services on the router. It assumes you have configured IP on an interface and started Telnet using the default parameters, as des cribed in Chapte r 1, and tha t you u nderst and the Telnet concepts described in Chapter 2.

After you start Telnet services on the router, default va lues are in effect for all T eln et confi gurat ion parameters. Yo u may want to change these parameter values, depending on the requirements of your network.

303529-A Rev 00

Topic Page

Configuring Telnet Using the BCC or Site Manager Customizing the Telnet Configuration 6-3 Customizing the Telnet Server on the Router 6-6 Configuring a Telnet Client on the Router 6-20

6-2

6-1

Configuring IP Utilities

Configuring Telnet Using the BCC or Site Manager

Table 6-1 lists the T elnet configuration tasks described in this chapter and

indicates whether you can use the BCC or Site Manager to perfor m each tas k.

Table 6-1. Telnet C onf i gu r at i on Tasks

Task BCC Site Manager

Changing the Name of the Manager’s Login Script Fil e Changing the Name of the User’s Login Script File Enabling and Disabling User Logout Disabling and Reenabling a Telnet Server on the IP

Router Specifying the Maximum Number of Lines on the

Console Pausing Telnet Console Output Changing the Telnet Login Prompt Changing the Login Timeo ut Changing the Password Timeout Changing the Command Timeou t Changing Login Retries Using Telnet Server Diagnostics Changing the History File Disabling and Reenabling a Telnet Client on the IP

Router Enabling and Disa bling Verbose Debug Logging Changing the Remote Port Changing the Command Prompt

✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓

✓✓

✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓

✓ ✓✓ ✓✓

✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓

6-2

303529-A Re v 00

Customizing Telnet Services

Customizing the Telnet Configuration

After you start the Telnet server to establish inbound Telnet sessions on the router, the script files for the Manager’s Login, User’s Login, and Force User’s Login run automatically when you log in. You can accept these defaults or customize the T elnet configuration by changing these scripts as needed.

Changing the Name of the Manager’s Login Script File

By default, the name of the manager’s script fi le is automgr.bat. You can specify a new name for the mana ger’s login scr ipt by supplying an 8-charact er file name. If you do not want to change the name of the manager’s login script, accept the default name.

Using the BCC

To specify the name of the Manager’s Log in script, navigate to the server-spe cific prompt and enter:

manager-script

303529-A Rev 00

is the name of the manager’s login script file.

string

For example, the following command line causes the device to assign the name manager1.bat to the manager’s login script:

server# server#

manager-script manager1.bat

6-3

Configuring IP Utilities

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify a new manager’s login script file.

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the parameter. Click on parameter descri pti on on pageA-13

6. Click on OK. Site Manager sa ves your changes, exits

Protocols.

Global Protocols.

Telnet Server.

Global.

Manager’s Login Script

Help

or see the

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Configuration window opens.

the window, and returns you to the Configuration Manager window.

Changing the Name of the User’s Login Script File

By default, the name of the user’s log in script file is autouser.bat. You can specify a new name f or the use r’s login script f ile b y supplying an 8-characte r f ile name. If you do not want to change the name of the user’s login script, accept the default name.

Using the BCC

To specify the name of the user’s login script file, navigate to the server-specific prompt and enter:

6-4

auto-user-script

is the name of the user’s login script file.

string

For example, the following command line causes the system to automatically execute the script file r outer1.bat at login:

server# server#

auto-user-script router1. bat

303529-A Re v 00

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify a new user’s login script file.

You do this System responds

Customizing Telnet Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the Click on description on page A-13

6. Click on OK. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Protocols.

Global Protocols.

Telnet Server.

Global.

User’s Login Script

Help

or see the parameter

parameter.

Enabling and Disabling User Logout

By default , the user autoscript is in eff ect for your Telnet session when you log in. You can press control-c to cance l the user autoscript and access the Technician Interface. To prevent users from canceling the user autoscript at login, set this parameter to Enable.

Using the BCC

To prevent use rs from canceling the user autoscript at login, na vigate to the server-specific prompt and enter:

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Configuration window opens.

exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

force-logout enabled

For exa mple, this command line pre vents users from canceling the user autoscript at login:

server# server#

force-logout enabled

T o al lo w users to canc el the user autoscript at login, na vi gate to the serv er- specif i c prompt and enter:

force-logout di sabled

6-5

Configuring IP Utilities

For exa mple, this command line allows users to cancel the user a utoscript at login:

server# force-logout disabled server#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to cancel the user autoscript at login or to prevent users from canceling the user autoscript at login.

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the Click on description on page A-14

6. Click on OK. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

Force User Logout

Help

or see the parameter

parameter.

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Configuration window opens.

exits t he window.

Customizing the Telnet Server on the Router

This section describes how to customize your Telnet server on the router.

Disabling and Reenabling a Telnet Server on the IP Router

You can enable or disable a Telnet server on the IP router. By default, Telnet is enabled for the IP router, allowing you to establish Telnet sessions to the target router.

Using the BCC

6-6

By default, the Telnet server is enabled on the IP route r. To disable a Telnet serv er, navigat e to the Telnet server prompt and enter:

disable

303529-A Re v 00

For example:

telnet# server server# disable

To reenable a Telnet server on the IP router, navigate to the Telnet server prompt and enter:

enable

For example:

telnet# server server# enable

Using Site Manager

Complete the task s in the foll o wing t able to enabl e or dis able a Telnet server on an IP router.

You do this System responds

Customizing Telnet Services

Site Manager Procedure

303529-A Rev 00

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the on on page A-8

6. Click on OK. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

Enable/Disable

Help

or see the parameter description

parameter. Click

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

exits t he window.

6-7

Configuring IP Utilities

Specifying the Maximum Number of Lines on the Console

You can specify the maximum number of lines displa yed on the Telnet conso le screen. The screen ma y overrid e the nu mb er of lines you s pe cify if Telnet can negotiate the window size with the remote client. Make sure that the number tha t you set is in accordance with your console requirements.

Using the BCC

By default, the maximum number of lines displayed on the Telne t screen is 24. To specify the maximum number of lines displayed on the Telnet screen, enter:

lines

integer

For example, the following command line sets the maximum number of lines displayed on a Telnet console screen to 50:

is the maximum number of lines that the console screen can display.

server# server#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in th e follo wing ta ble to speci fy the maximum number of lin es displayed on a Telnet console screen.

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the Click on description on page A-9

6. Click on OK. Site Manager saves your cha nges and

lines 50

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

TI Lines per Screen

Help

or see the parameter

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

parameter.

exits t he window.

6-8

303529-A Re v 00

Pausing Telnet Console Output

By default, Telnet console output pauses aft er e ach screen fills with data. You can configure Telnet not to pause after each screen fills with data by disabling this feature.

Using the BCC

To configure the Telnet console output to pause, navigate to the Telnet-specific prompt and enter:

For example, the following command line prev ents Telnet console output from pausing:

Customizing Telnet Services

server# server#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify whether to pause Telnet console output

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the or see the parameter des cription on

page A-9

6. Click on OK. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

more disabled

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

TI More

parameter. Click on

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

Help

exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

6-9

Configuring IP Utilities

Changing the Telnet Login Prompt

You can change the Telnet login prompt on the Telnet console screen by specifying a characte r string from 1 through 18 alphanumeric characters.

Using the BCC

To change the T e lnet login prompt on the Telnet console screen, navigate to the server-specific prompt and enter:

prompt

string

For example , the follo wi ng command line changes the Telnet login promp t to rtr1:

is any text string from 1 to 18 characters.

server# server#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the f ollowi ng ta ble to change the Telnet login prompt on the T elnet console screen.

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the

Help

page A-10

6. Click on OK. Disconnects the current Telnet session.

prompt rtr1

Site Manager Procedure

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

TI Prompt

or see the parameter description on

parameter. Click on

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

6-10

303529-A Re v 00

Changing the Login Timeout

You can specify a value that will determine the number o f minutes that can elapse before the dev ice disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to enter a login ID at the login prompt.

Using the BCC

By default, the device waits 1 minute before it disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to enter a login ID at the login prompt. To specify the number of minutes that can elapse before the devic e disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to enter a login ID at the login prompt, navigate to the server-specific prompt and enter:

For example, the following command line causes the device to wait 15 minutes before it disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to enter a login ID at the login prompt:

Customizing Telnet Services

server# server#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify the number of minutes that can elapse before the device disconnects the Telnet session.

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the Click on description on page A-10

6. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

Help

or see the parameter

OK.

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

parameter.

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

6-11

Configuring IP Utilities

Changing the Password Timeout

By changing the password timeo ut value you can determine the number of minutes that can elapse before the device disconnects the Telnet session if you do not enter a password at the password prompt.

Using the BCC

By default, the device waits 1 minute before it disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to enter a passwor d at the pas sword prompt. T o specify the number of minutes that can elapse before the device disconnects the Telnet session, navigate to the server-specific prompt and enter:

password-timeout

is a number from 1 to 99.

integer

For exa mple, the following command causes the device to wait 20 minutes before it disconnects the Telnet session:

server# server#

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify the number of minutes that can elapse before the device disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to ente r a password.

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

password-timeout 20

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

(continued)

6-12

303529-A Re v 00

Customizing Telnet Services

Site Manager Procedur e

You do this System responds

5. Se t th e

6. Click on

Passwo rd Timeout (min.)

parameter. Click on parameter descri pti on on pageA-10

OK.

Help

or see the

Changing the Command Timeout

By changing the command timeout you determine the number of minutes that c an elapse before the Technicia n Interface disconnects the Telnet session if you do not enter a command at the command prompt.

Using the BCC

By default, the device waits 15 minutes before it disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to enter a command at the command prompt. To specify the number of minutes that the device will wait before it disconnects the Telnet sessi on, navigate to the server-specific prompt and enter:

command-timeout

(continued)

Site Manager saves your changes and exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

integer

is a number from 1 to 99.

For example, the following command line causes the device to wait 35 minutes before it disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to enter a command at the command prompt:

server# server #

comm and-t imeo u t 35

6-13

Configuring IP Utilities

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify the number of minutes that can elapse before the device disconnects the Telnet session if you fail to ente r a command.

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the parameter. Click on parameter descri pti on on pageA-11

6. Click on

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

Command Timeout (min.)

. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Changing Login Retries

By changing the login retries you can determine the maximum number of login attempts allo wed before the device disconnects the Telnet session.

Using the BCC

By default, the device al lows you 3 login attempts before it disconnects the Telnet session. To change the maximum number of allowed login attempts, enter:

Help

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

or see the

exits t he window.

6-14

is a number from 1 to 99 login attempts.

integer

For example, the following command line tells the device to allow 10 attempts before it disconnects the Telnet session:

server# server#

303529-A Re v 00

Using Site Manager

Complete the tasks in the following table to specify the number of login attempts allowed bef ore the device disconnects the Telnet session.

You do this System responds

Customizing Telnet Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the

Help

page A-11

6. Click on OK. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

or see the parameter description on

parameter . Clic k on

Using Telnet Server Diagnostics

This section describes how to configure Telnet server diagnostic parameters to customize the way th e Technician I nterface performs diagnostics on a router . Field Service personnel use these features to troubleshoot problems.

The BCC does not support these functions.

Enabling Diagnostic Reporting

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

exits t he window.

303529-A Rev 00

This parameter all ows field personne l to specify whether the Technician Interface displays a report that shows a record of all processing operations. By default, recording of processing operations is disabled.

6-15

Configuring IP Utilities

To enable the Technician Interface to display a report showing a record of all processing operat ions, complete the tasks in the following table.

You do this System responds

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

5. Set the Click on description on page A-11

6. Click on OK. Site Manager sa ves your changes and

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

Diagnostic Report

Help

or see the parameter

parameter.

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

exits t he window.

Enabling Diagnostic Exerc is e

This parameter a llows field pe rsonnel to enable exercise diagnostics on the Telnet server.

To enable exercise diagnostics on the T elnet server, complete the tasks in the following ta ble:

Site Manager Procedure

6-16

You do this System responds

1. In the Configuration M anager window , choose

2. Choose

3. Choose

4. Choose

Protocols.

Global Protocols. T elnet Server. Global.

The Protocols menu opens.

The Global Protocols menu opens. The Telnet Server menu opens. The Telnet Server Global Parameters

window opens.

(continued)

303529-A Re v 00

Avaya IP Utilities User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Configuring IP Utilities

Contents

Figures

Tables

Preface

Before You Begin

Text Conventions

Acronyms

Bay Netwo rks Technical Publications

How to Get Help

Starting Configuration Tools

Configuring IP for Global Protocols

Using Site Manager

Using the BCC

Step 1: Configuring a Physical Interface

Step 2: Configuring an IP Interface

Starting TCP Services

Starting FTP Services

Starting TFTP Ser vices

Starting Telnet Services

Starting NTP Services

Starting NetBIOS over IP

Adding NetBIOS to an IP Interface

Starting the DNS Client

TCP Overview

How TCP Works

TCP Features

Connection Ty pe s

Connections and Connection States

TCP Memory Considerations

TCP and IP Service Users

FTP Overview

How FTP Works

TFTP Overview

Telnet Overview

Telnet Server

Telnet Client

NTP Overview

NTP Terminology

NTP System Implementation Model

How NTP Distributes Time Within the Subnet

Synchronizing with the Best Available Time Server

NTP Modes of Operation

Unicast Client Mode

Broadcast and Multicast Client Mode

NetB IOS Overview

NetBIOS in an IP Environment

Forwarding Name Queries over an Unnumbered Interface

DNS Overview

Configuring TCP Using the BCC or Site Manager

Disabling and Reenabling TCP

Setting the Minimum Retransmission Timeout

Setting the Maximum Retransmission Timeout

Setting the Maximum Window Size

Configuring FTP Using the BCC or Site Manager

Disabling and Reenabling FTP

Specifying the FTP Default Volume

Specifying the Number of Login Retries

Specifying the Maximum FTP Idle Timeout

Specifying the Maximum Number of FTP Sessions

Specifying the Data Transmission T yp e

Specifying the FTP Control Connection

Specifying a Data Transfer Value

Specifying the TCP Window Size

Configuring TFTP Using the BCC or Site Manager

Disabling and Reenabling TFTP Services

Specifying the Default Volume for the Router

Specifying a Retry Timeout Value

Specifying a Close Timeout Value

Specifying the Number of Retransmissions

Configuring Telnet Using the BCC or Site Manager

Customizing the Telnet Configuration

Changing the Name of the Manager’s Login Script File

Changing the Name of the User’s Login Script File

Enabling and Disabling User Logout

Customizing the Telnet Server on the Router