– 131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
– Fully Static Operation
– Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz
– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
• High Endurance Non-volat ile Memory segments
– 32K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory
– 1K Bytes EEPROM
– 2K Bytes Internal SRAM
– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/ 100,000 EEPROM
– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/ 100 years at 25°C
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
True Read-While-Write Operation
– Programming Lock for Software Security
• JTAG (IEEE std. 1149.1 Compliant) Interface
– Boundary-scan Capabilities According to the JTAG Standard
– Extensive On-chip Debug Support
– Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses, and Lock Bits thr ough the JTAG Interface
• Peripheral Features
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode
– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
– Six PWM Channels
– 8-channel, 10-bit ADC
Differential mode with selectable gain at 1x, 10x or 200x
– Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface
– Two Programmable Serial USART
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
– On-chip Analog Comparator
– Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change
• Special Microcontroller Features
– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
– Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
– Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power -save, Power-down, Standby and
The ATmega324PA is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced
RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega324PA
achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize
power consumption versus processing speed.
2.1Block Diagram
Figure 2-1.Block Diagram
ATmega324PA
The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the
32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent
registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting
architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.
8152AS–AVR–11/08
5
The ATmega324PA provides the following features: 32K bytes of In-System Programmable
Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 1K bytes EEPROM, 2K bytes SRAM, 32 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, Real Time Counter (RTC), three flexible
Timer/Counters with compare modes and PWM, 2 USARTs, a byte oriented 2-wire Serial Interface, a 8-channel, 10-bit ADC with optional differential input stage with programmable gain,
programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal Oscilla tor, an SPI serial port, IEEE std. 1149. 1
compliant JTAG test interface, also used for accessing the On-chip Debug system and programming and six software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU wh ile
allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The
Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip
functions until the next interrupt or Hardware Reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous
timer continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is
sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modu les except Asynchr onous Timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode,
the Crystal/Resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows
very fast start-up combined with low power consumption. In Extended Standby mode, both the
main Oscillator and the Asynchronous Timer continue to run.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology. The Onchip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial
interface, by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot program
running on the AVR core. The boot program can use any interface to download the application
program in the application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will continue to run
while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write operation. By
combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip,
the Atmel ATmega324PA is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly flexible and cost
effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The ATmega324PA AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools
including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, in-circuit emulators,
and evaluation kits.
6
ATmega324PA
8152AS–AVR–11/08
2.2Pin Descriptions
2.2.1VCC
Digital supply voltage.
2.2.2GND
Ground.
2.2.3Port A (P A7:PA0)
Port A serves as analog inputs to the Analog-to-digital Conver ter.
Port A also serves as an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for
each bit). The Port A output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink
and source capability. As inputs, Port A pins that are externally pulled low will source current if
the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port A pins are tri-st ated when a reset co ndition becomes
active, even if the clock is not running.
Port A also serves the functions of various special features of the ATmega324PA as listed on
page 81.
ATmega324PA
2.2.4Port B (PB7:PB0)
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset co ndition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
Port B also serves the functions of various special features of the ATmega324PA as listed on
page 83.
2.2.5Port C (PC7:PC0)
Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
Port C also serves the functions of the JTAG interface, along with special features of the
ATmega324PA as listed on page 86.
2.2.6Port D (PD7:PD0)
Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
8152AS–AVR–11/08
Port D also serves the functions of various special features of the ATmega324PA as listed on
page 88.
7
2.2.7RESET
2.2.8XTAL1
2.2.9XTAL2
2.2.10AVCC
2.2.11AREF
3.Resources
Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a
reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in ”System and Reset
Characteristics” on page 329. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a rese t.
Input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
Output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier.
AVCC is the supply voltage pin for Port A and the Analog-to-digital Converter. It shou ld be exte rnally connected to V
to V
through a low-pass filter.
CC
This is the analog reference pin for the Analog-to-digital Converter.
, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected
CC
4.Data Retention
A comprehensive set of development tools, application notes and datasheetsare available for
download on http://www.atmel.com/avr.
Reliability Qualification results show that the projected data retention failure rate is much less
than 1 PPM over 20 years at 85°C or 100 years at 25°C.
Notes: 1. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses
should never be written.
2. I/O registers within the address range $00 - $1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions.
3. Some of the status flags are cleared by writing a logical one to them. Note that the CBI and SBI instructions will operate on
all bits in the I/O register, writing a one back into any flag read as set, thus clearing the flag. The CBI and SBI instructions
work with registers 0x00 to 0x1F on ly.
4. When using the I/O specific commands IN and OUT, the I/O addresses $00 - $3F must be used. When addressing I/O registers as data space using LD and ST instructions, $20 must be added to these addresses. The ATmega324PA is a complex
microcontroller with more peripheral units than can be supported within the 64 location reserved in Opcode for the IN and
OUT instructions. For the Extended I/O space from $60 - $FF, only the ST/STS/STD and LD/LDS/LDD instructions can be
used.
12
ATmega324PA
8152AS–AVR–11/08
ATmega324PA
6.Instruction Set Summary
MnemonicsOperandsDescriptionOperationFlags#Clocks
ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS
ADDRd, RrAdd two RegistersRd ← Rd + RrZ,C,N,V,H1
ADCRd, RrAdd with Carry two RegistersRd ← Rd + Rr + CZ,C,N,V,H1
ADIWRdl,KAdd Immediate to WordRdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl + KZ,C,N,V,S2
SUBRd, RrSubtract two RegistersRd ← Rd - RrZ,C,N,V,H1
SUBIRd, KSubtract Constant from Register Rd ← Rd - KZ,C,N,V,H1
SBCRd, RrSubtract with Carry two RegistersRd ← Rd - Rr - CZ,C,N,V,H1
SBCIRd, KSubtract with Carry Constant from Reg.Rd ← Rd - K - CZ,C,N,V,H1
SBIWRdl,KSubtract Immediate from WordRdh:Rd l ← Rdh:Rdl - KZ,C,N,V,S2
ANDRd, RrLogical AND RegistersRd ← Rd • RrZ,N,V1
ANDIRd, KLogical AND Register and ConstantRd ← Rd • KZ,N,V1
ORRd, RrLogical OR Re gistersRd ← Rd v RrZ,N,V1
ORIRd, KLogical OR Register and ConstantRd ← Rd v KZ,N,V1
EORRd, RrExclusive OR RegistersRd ← Rd ⊕ RrZ,N,V1
COMRdOne’s ComplementRd ← 0xFF − RdZ,C,N,V1
NEGRdTwo’s ComplementRd ← 0x00 − RdZ,C,N,V,H1
SBRRd,KSet Bit(s) in RegisterRd ← Rd v KZ,N,V1
CBRRd,KClear Bit(s) in RegisterRd ← Rd • (0xFF - K)Z,N,V1
INCRdIncrementRd ← Rd + 1Z,N,V1
DECRdDecrementRd ← Rd − 1 Z,N,V1
TSTRdTest for Zero or MinusRd ← Rd • Rd Z,N,V1
CLRRdClear RegisterRd ← Rd ⊕ RdZ,N,V1
SERRdSet RegisterRd ← 0xFFNone1
MULRd, RrMultiply UnsignedR1:R0 ← Rd x RrZ,C2
MULSRd, RrMultiply SignedR1:R0 ← Rd x RrZ,C2
MULSURd, RrMultiply Signed with UnsignedR1:R0 ← Rd x RrZ,C2
FMULRd, RrFractional Multiply UnsignedR1:R0 ← (Rd x Rr) << 1Z,C2
FMULSRd, RrFractional Multiply SignedR1:R0 ← (Rd x Rr) << 1Z,C2
FMULSURd, RrFraction al Multiply Signed with UnsignedR1:R0 ← (Rd x Rr) << 1Z,C2
BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS
RJMPkRelative JumpPC ← PC + k + 1None2
IJMPIndirect Jump to (Z)PC ← Z None2
JMPkDirect JumpPC ← kNone3
RCALLkRelative Subroutine Call PC ← PC + k + 1None4
ICALLIndirect Call to (Z)PC ← ZNone4
CALLkDirect Subroutine Call PC ← kNone5
RETSubroutine ReturnPC ← STACKNone5
RETIInterrupt ReturnPC ← STACKI5
CPSERd,RrCompare , Skip if Equalif (Rd = Rr) PC ← PC + 2 or 3None1/2/3
CPRd,RrCompareRd − RrZ, N,V,C,H1
CPCRd,RrCompare with CarryRd − Rr − CZ, N,V,C,H1
CPIRd,KCompare Register with ImmediateRd − KZ, N,V,C,H1
SBRCRr, bSkip if Bit in Register Clearedif (Rr(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None1/2/3
SBRSRr, bSkip if Bit in Register is Setif (Rr(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3None1/2/3
SBICP, bSkip if Bit in I/O Register Clearedif (P(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None1/2/3
SBISP, bSkip if Bit in I/O Register is Setif (P(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3None1/2/3
BRBSs , kBranch if Status Flag Setif (SREG(s) = 1) then PC←PC+k + 1None1/2
BRBCs, kBranch if Status Flag Clearedif (SREG(s) = 0) then PC←PC+k + 1None1/2
BREQ kBranch if Equal if (Z = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRNE kBranch if Not Equalif (Z = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRCS kBranch if Carry Setif (C = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRCC kBranch if Carry Clearedif (C = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1 /2
BRSH kBranch if Same or Higher if (C = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRLO kBranch if Lowerif (C = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRMI kBranch if Minusif (N = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRPL kBranch if Plus if (N = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRGE kBranch if Greater or Equal, Signedif (N ⊕ V= 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRLT kBranch if Less Than Zero, Signedif (N ⊕ V= 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRHS kBranch if Half Carry Flag Setif (H = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRHC kBranch if Half Carry Flag Clearedif (H = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRTS kBranch if T Flag Setif (T = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRTC kBranch if T Flag Clearedif (T = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRVS kBranch if Overflow Flag is Setif (V = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
8152AS–AVR–11/08
13
MnemonicsOperandsDescriptionOperationFlags#Clocks
BRVC kBranch if Overflow Flag is Clearedif (V = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRIE kBranch if Interrupt Enabledif ( I = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRID kBranch if Interrupt Disabledif ( I = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BIT AND BIT-TEST INSTRUCTIONS
SBIP,bSet Bit in I/O RegisterI/O(P,b) ← 1None2
CBIP,bClear Bit in I/O RegisterI/O(P,b) ← 0None2
LSLRdLogical Shift LeftRd(n+1) ← Rd(n), Rd(0) ← 0Z,C,N,V1
LSRRdLogical Shift RightRd(n) ← Rd(n+1), Rd(7) ← 0Z,C,N,V1
ROLRdRotate Left Through CarryRd(0)←C,Rd(n+1)← Rd(n),C←Rd(7)Z,C,N,V1
RORRdRotate Right Through CarryRd(7)←C,Rd(n)← Rd(n+1),C←Rd(0)Z,C,N,V1
ASRRdArithmetic Shift RightRd(n) ← Rd(n+1), n=0..6Z,C,N,V1
SWAPRdSwap NibblesRd(3..0)←Rd(7..4),Rd(7..4)←Rd(3..0)None1
BSETsFlag SetSREG(s) ← 1SREG(s)1
BCLRsFlag ClearSREG(s) ← 0 SREG(s)1
BSTRr, bBit Store from Register to TT ← Rr(b)T1
BLDRd, bBit load from T to RegisterRd(b) ← TNone1
SECSet CarryC ← 1C1
CLCClear CarryC ← 0 C1
SENSet Negative FlagN ← 1N1
CLNClear Negative FlagN ← 0 N1
SEZSet Zero FlagZ ← 1Z1
CLZClear Zero FlagZ ← 0 Z1
SEIGlobal Interrupt EnableI ← 1I1
CLIGlobal Interrupt DisableI ← 0 I1
SESSet Signed Test FlagS ← 1S1
CLSClear Signed Test FlagS ← 0 S1
SEVSet Twos Complement Overflow.V ← 1V1
CLVClear Twos Complement OverflowV ← 0 V1
SETSet T in SREGT ← 1T1
CLTClear T in SREGT ← 0 T1
SEHSet Half Carry Flag in SREGH ← 1H1
CLHClear Half Carry Flag in SREGH ← 0 H1
DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
MOVRd, RrMove Between RegistersRd ← RrNone1
MOVWRd, RrCopy Register Word
LDIRd, KLoad ImmediateRd ← KNone1
LDRd, XLoad IndirectRd ← (X)None2
LDRd, X+Load Indirect and Post-Inc.Rd ← (X), X ← X + 1None2
LDRd, - XLoad Indirect and Pre-Dec.X ← X - 1, Rd ← (X)None2
LDRd, YLoad IndirectRd ← (Y)None2
LDRd, Y+Load Indirect and Post-Inc.Rd ← (Y), Y ← Y + 1None2
LDRd, - YLoad Indirect and Pre-Dec.Y ← Y - 1, Rd ← (Y)None2
LDDRd,Y+qLoad Indirect with DisplacementRd ← (Y + q)None2
LDRd, ZLoad Indirect Rd ← (Z)None2
LDRd, Z+Load Indirect and Post-Inc.Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1None2
LDRd, -ZLoad Indirect and Pre-Dec.Z ← Z - 1, Rd ← (Z)None2
LDDRd, Z+qLoad Indirect with DisplacementRd ← (Z + q)None2
LDSRd, kLoad Direct from SRAMRd ← (k)None2
STX, RrStore Indirect(X) ← RrNone2
STX+, RrStore Indirect and Post-Inc.(X) ← Rr, X ← X + 1None2
ST- X, RrStore Indirect and Pre-Dec.X ← X - 1, (X) ← RrNone2
STY, RrStore Indirect(Y) ← RrNone2
STY+, RrStore Indirect and Post-Inc.(Y) ← Rr, Y ← Y + 1None2
ST- Y, RrStore Indirect and Pre-Dec.Y ← Y - 1, (Y) ← RrNone2
STDY+q,RrStore Indirect with Displaceme nt(Y + q) ← RrNone2
STZ, RrStore Indirect(Z) ← RrNone2
STZ+, RrStore Indirect and Post-Inc.(Z) ← Rr, Z ← Z + 1None2
ST-Z, RrStore Indirect and Pre-Dec.Z ← Z - 1, (Z) ← RrNone2
STDZ+q,RrStore Indirect with Displacement(Z + q) ← RrNone2
STSk, RrStore Direct to SRAM(k) ← RrNone2
LPMLoad Program MemoryR0 ← (Z)None3
LPMRd, ZLoad Program MemoryRd ← (Z)None3
LPMRd, Z+Load Program Memory and Post-IncRd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1None3
ELPMExtended Load Program MemoryR0 ← (RAMPZ:Z)None3
ELPMRd, ZExtended Load Program MemoryRd ← (Z)None3
ELPMRd, Z+Extended Load Program MemoryRd ← (RAMPZ:Z), RAMPZ:Z ←RAMPZ:Z+1None3
Rd+1:Rd ← Rr+1:Rr
None1
14
ATmega324PA
8152AS–AVR–11/08
ATmega324PA
MnemonicsOperandsDescriptionOperationFlags#Clocks
SPMStore Program Memory(Z) ← R1:R0NoneINRd, PIn PortRd ← PNone1
OUTP, RrOut PortP ← RrNone1
PUSHRrPush Register on StackSTACK ← RrNone2
POPRdPop Register from StackRd ← STACKNone2
MCU CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
NOPNo OperationNone1
SLEEPSleep(see specific descr. for Sleep function)None1
WDRWatchdog Reset(see specific descr. for WDR/timer)None1
BREAKBreakFor On-chip Debug OnlyNoneN/A
Notes: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information
and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free pack aging, complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive). Also
Halide free and fully Green.
3. For Speed vs. V
see ”Speed Grades” on page 327.
CC
4. NiPdAu Lead Finish.
Package Type
44A44-lead, Thin (1.0 mm) Plastic Gull Wing Quad Flat Package (TQFP)
40P640-pin, 0.600” Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP)
44M144-pad, 7 x 7 x 1.0 mm body, lead pitch 0.50 mm, Thermally Enhanced Plastic Very Thin Quad Flat No-Lead (VQFN)
44MC44-lead (2-row Staggered), 5 x 5 x 1.0 mm body, 2.60 x 2.60 mm Exposed Pad, Quad Flat No-Lead Package (QFN)
49C249-ball, (7 x 7 Array) 0.65 mm Pitch, 5 x 5 x 1 mm, Very Thin, Fine-Pitch Ball Grid Array Package (VFBGA)
16
ATmega324PA
8152AS–AVR–11/08
8.Packaging Information
2325 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95131
TITLE
DRAWING NO.
R
REV.
44A, 44-lead, 10 x 10 mm Body Size, 1.0 mm Body Thickness,
0.8 mm Lead Pitch, Thin Profile Plastic Quad Flat Package (TQFP)
B
44A
10/5/2001
PIN 1 IDENTIFIER
0˚~7˚
PIN 1
L
C
A1
A2A
D1
D
e
E1E
B
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
SYMBOL
MIN
NOM
MAX
NOTE
Notes:1. This package conforms to JEDEC reference MS-026, Variation ACB.
2. Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion. Allowable
protrusion is 0.25 mm per side. Dimensions D1 and E1 are maximum
plastic body size dimensions including mold mismatch.
3. Lead coplanarity is 0.10 mm maximum.
A––1.20
A10.05–0.15
A2 0.951.001.05
D11.7512.0012.25
D19.9010.0010.10Note 2
E11.7512.0012.25
E19.9010.0010.10Note 2
B 0.30–0.45
C0.09–0.20
L0.45– 0.75
e0.80 TYP
5.0 x 5.0 x 1.0 mm, Very Thin, Fine-Pitch
Ball Grid Array Package (VFBGA)
3/14/08
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
SYMBOL
MIN
NOM
MAX
NOTE
A – – 1.00
A1 0.20 – –
A2 0.65 – –
D 4.90 5.00 5.10
D1 3.90 BSC
E 4.90 5.00 5.10
E1 3.90 BSCb0.30 0.35 0.40
e 0.65 BSC
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
A1 BALL ID
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
12 3456
7
A
A1
A2
D
E
0.10
E1
D1
49 - Ø0.35 ± 0.05
e
A1 BALL CORNER
BOTTOM VIEW
be
ATmega324PA
8152AS–AVR–11/08
21
9.Errata
9.1ATmega324PA Rev. F
No known Errata.
22
ATmega324PA
8152AS–AVR–11/08
10. Datasheet Revision History
Please note that the referring page numbers in this section are referred to this document. The
referring revision in this section are referring to the document revision.
10.1Rev. 8152A- 11/08
1.Initial revision (Based on the ATmega164P/324P/644P datasheet 8011K-AVR-09/08).
2.Changes done compared to ATmega164P/324P/644P datasheet 8011K-AVR-09/08:
– New graphics in ”Typical Characteristics” on page 336
–New ”Ordering Information” on page 16
ATmega324PA
8152AS–AVR–11/08
23
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