Apple 280, 280C User Manual

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PowerBook

Getting Started

Setup and important health-related information for the PowerBook notebook computers

K Apple Computer, Inc.

written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-6299 (408) 996-1010

Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, EtherTalk, LaserWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, PowerBook, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

AppleColor, Apple Desktop Bus, Disk First Aid, Finder, Macintosh PC Exchange, and PowerBook Duo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

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trademark, and VideoWorks is a trademark of Macromedia, Inc. (formerly MacroMind, Inc.). MacDraw and MacWrite are registered trademarks, and Claris Resolve is a trademark, of Claris

Corporation. Microsoft is a registered trademark, and Windows is a trademark, of Microsoft Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc. QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc. Quattro is a trademark of Borland International, Inc. Tektronix is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc. Trinitron is a registered trademark of Sony Corporation. Ventura Publisher is a registered trademark of Ventura Software, Inc. WordPerfect is a registered trademark of WordPerfect Corporation. WriteNow is a registered trademark of T/Maker Company. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an

endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products.

Con tents

Communications regulation information vii

1Setting Up Your PowerBook D u o 1

Step 1 Plug in the power adapter 1 Step 2 Open the display 3 Step 3 Turn on the computer 4 What to do next 6 Turning your computer off 7 Putting your computer to sleep 7 Restarting a computer that’s already on 8

2Learning to Use Your Computer 9

Part 1 Starting the Macintosh Basics tour 10

Part 2 Practicing your new skills 15 Answers to the review questions 19 Practice session 21 Clues on your screen 29

iii

3Basic Skills 31

Working with icons 32 Working with wi ndows 34 Working with do cuments 36 Working with disks 38 Organizi ng your desktop 39 Working with pull-down menus 40 Keyboard shortcuts in the Finder and in directory dialog boxes 40

4Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 41

Important care and safety instructions 41 Carin g for batteries 43 Health-related infor mation about computer use 44

5The Control Strip 49

What is the Control Strip? 49 How does the Control Strip differ from control panels? 50 Closing, opening, and resizing the Control Strip 50 Hiding the Control Strip 51 Moving the Control Strip 52 Rearranging the modules in the Control Strip 52 Usi n g the Control Strip 52

6Power Management 59

Power sources 59 Monitoring the battery charge level 59 Responding to low-power messages 61 Recharging the battery 62 Removing or replacing the battery 65 Disposing of dead batteries 66 Replacing the backup battery 67 Reconditioning the battery 67 Maximizing work time 70

Contents

7Customizing and Traveling With Your PowerBook 77

Customizing your PowerBook 77 Traveling with the PowerBook 87 Storing the PowerBook 88 Service and support 88

8Building a PowerBook Duo System 89

The PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II 89 The PowerBook Duo MiniDock 92 The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter 93 Using other equipment with your Duo system 94

9Using SCSI Devices 99

Connecting SCSI devices 99 Using your PowerBook as a SCSI disk 104 Quitting SCSI disk mode 108

10 Tips and Troubleshooting 109

The PowerBook Duo 110 Power 112 The screen 114 The trackball 116 Memory 116 The Duo Dock 117 The Duo MiniDock 118 SCSI devices 119 Disk drives and disks 120 Modems 122 Printers 122 Networks 124 Application programs 125

Contents

Appendi x A Installing System Software 127

Before you begin 128 Installi ng system software for the first time 128 Reinstalling system software 131 Installi ng customized system software 133

Appe n dix B Using the PowerBoo k File As sistant 135

What is file synchronization? 135 Star ting the PowerBook File Assistant 136 Linking files or folders for synchronization 136 Synchronizing lin ked folders or files 141 Understanding the alert messages 143 Setting up completely automatic synchronization 14 4

Appendi x C Exchanging Files with DOS or Windows 145

Macintosh PC Exchange at a glance 145 Using DOS-format disks on your Macintosh 146 Opening DOS documents on your Macintosh 149 Assigning Macintosh programs to DOS do cuments 150 Saving documents onto a DOS-format disk 159

Index 163

Contents

Communications regulation information

FCC statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected.

Radio and television interference

The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.

If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops. m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio. m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio. m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.

(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful: Interference Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

IMPORTANT

could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple

peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,

Communications Regulation Information

vii

DOC statement

DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.

Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des Communications.

VCCI statement

viii

Communications Regulation Information

Follow the steps in this chapter to

set up your PowerBook Duo, and learn about turning your

computer on and off.

Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo

To set up your PowerBook Duo for the first time, you need the power adapter and the power cord that came with your PowerBook.

Step 1 Plug in the power adapter

When you plug in the power adapter, the computer’s battery recharges. You should plug the power adapter in now in case the battery has drained d uring shipping and storage.

WARNING

PowerBook computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

Your computer’s power adapter comes with a detached power cord.

Use only a PowerBook Duo power adapter with your

1Plug one end of the power cord into the power adapter and the other end into a three-

Power cord

Wrap the cable around the hooks.

Power adapter

hole grounded outlet or power strip.

WARNING

Your PowerBook is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug is a safety feature, and is meant to fit only a grounded AC outlet. If you are unable to insert the plug into a n outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a properly grounded outlet.

2Plug the power adapter cable into the power adapter port on the back panel of the

computer.

If the cable is too long, you can wind it around the hooks that open out from the power adapter.

Depending on where you purchased your computer, you may also have received a wall mount plug. You can use this plug instead of the power cord to plug the power adapter directly into a n electrical outlet.

Chapter 1

Step 2 Open the display

m Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display.

Position the display at a comfortable viewi ng angle. You can adjust the angle of the display at any time.

Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo

Step 3 Turn on the computer

Power On key

m Turn on the computer by pressing the Power On key above the keyboard.

You hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a moment to start up.

When you see something like this on your screen, the computer is ready to use:

Note: Your screen should look very similar to this picture but it might not look exactly the same.

Chapter 1

Problems turning on you r computer?

Power button

Brightness

Contrast

The computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on the screen.

Use the brightness control buttons and contrast control buttons (if your computer has them) to adjust the screen. (Some models have brightness control buttons only.)

Nothing happened when you pressed the Power On key.

Make sure the power adapter is firmly connected to both the computer and a power source. If the power adapter is plugged into a power strip, make sure the power strip is plugged in and turned on. Then try pressing the Power On key again.

If you still get no results, press the power button on the back of the computer.

If neither the Power On key nor the power button turns the computer on, see Chapter 10, “Tips and Troubleshooting,” for help.

Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo

What to do next

You see a picture of a disk with a blinking question mark on the screen.

This picture means th at you n eed to install system software on the computer’s hard disk. System software includes the programs the computer uses to s tart itself up. You received a set of system software disks in the box with your computer. For instructions on installing system software, see Appendix A in this book.

New Macintosh users:

If you have never used a Macintosh computer before, go to Chapter 2 now to learn how to use your PowerBook. Then go to Chapter 4 for important health and safety instructions. For help turning your PowerBook off, or putting your PowerBook to sl eep, come back to this chapter once you have learned to use your PowerBook.

New PowerBook users:

If you have used other Maci ntosh computers but are new to the PowerBook, read the rest of this chapter for instructions on turning the PowerBook off and putting the PowerBook to sleep. Then go to Chapter 5 to learn about using the Control Strip. Make sure you read Chapter 4 for important health and safety instructions.

Experienced PowerBook users:

Skim this book for information about your

new PowerBook. Impor ta nt health and safety instructions are in Chapter 4.

Chapter 1

Turning your co mputer off

m If the computer is on, choose Shut Down from the Sp ecial menu.

m If the computer is in sleep, wake it by pressing any key on the keyboard

(except Caps Lock), and then choose Shut Down.

m If a problem with the computer prevents you from choosing Shut Down, press

the power button on the back of th e computer. This turns off the power and you will lose any unsaved work. Use the power button only in an emergency.

Putting your computer to sleep

When the PowerBook is in sleep, it has a darkened screen and appears to be off, though it is still drawing battery power at a low level. The computer is on, but almost completely inactive. To put your PowerBook to sleep:

m If the computer is on, choose the Sleep command from the Special menu.

m You can also put the computer to sleep by closing the display.

Note: If you have a PowerBook Duo 280c, a green light flashes on th e upper right of the display wh en your computer is in sleep.

Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo

Automatic sleep

If you don’t use the computer for several minutes, it goes to sleep automatically (unless you change the sleep preferences). T his conserves battery power.

To wake the computer, press a ny key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock). In a few seconds, the screen will go back to the way it looked before th e computer went to sleep.

For more information on sleep and automatic sleep, see Chapter 6.

Restarting a computer that’s already on

You need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on again immediately—when you want to make certain changes to your control panels, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer from a different disk. You also need to restart if you see a “system error” message on the screen (indicating a temporary software problem). In this case, use the trackball to click the Restart button that appears.

To restart your computer:

Chapter 1

Choose Restart from the Special menu.

When you choose Restart, the computer prompts you to save your work, closes all open programs, and restarts itself.

Choosing Restart does not affect your RAM disk (if you created one) or its contents.

Go through the exercises in this

chapter to learn how to use

your computer

Learning to Use Your Computer

Your computer comes with a tutorial that teaches you the basics. The tutorial is divided into two parts:

Part 1

If you’ve never used a Macintosh computer before, you should complete both parts of the tutorial.

If you are an exp erienced Macintosh user, you may want to look over the rest of this book to learn about special features of this computer. Then, as you work with your Macintosh, consult the Macintosh Reference book for answers to questions about the system software that came with your computer.

IMPORTANT

finishing the tutorial, please see “Turni ng Your Computer Off” in Chapter 1.

You start the Macintosh Basics tour on your computer, which presents

the basic skills you n eed to master.

Part 2

After you complete the Macintosh Basics tour, you return to this

chapter to practice what you learned. You also learn some additional skills.

If you need to turn off your computer at any point before

Part 1 Starting the

Your Macintosh Basics tour is on the hard disk that’s inside your computer. To take the tour, follow the steps in this section.

Make sure your computer is turned on. If the screen is dark, try adjusting the screen (see “Problems Turni ng On Your Computer?” in Chapter 1) until you see words and small pictures on your screen.

Macintosh Basics

tour

1Roll the trackball to move the arrow pointer (

Place your index finger on the trackball a nd your thumb on the lower trackball button. Don’t press either button yet.

Roll the trackball, watching the arrow on the screen. Notice that the arrow moves in the same direction as you roll the trackball.

You may need to roll the trackball around for a few seconds to “break in” the mechanism so it works smoothly.

) around on the screen.

Chapter 2

2Notice the Control Strip at the bottom of your screen.

The Control Strip

3Roll the trackball so that the tip of the arrow is on the tab at the right end of the Control

The Control Strip is the line of pictures at the lower left of your screen. You’ll learn more about the Control Strip i n Chapter 5.

Strip.

4 Being careful not to move the trackball, press the button once.

The Control Strip closes and only the tab appears in the lower-left corner of the screen.

Learning to Use Your Computer

5Roll the trackball so that the tip of the arrow is on the picture labeled “Macintosh HD.”

Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture, not over the words “Macintosh HD.”

Note: Your screen should look similar to the one below, but may not look exactly the same.

Move the arrow so that it is on top of this picture.

Different name? The picture on your screen may be labeled “PowerBook HD” instead of “Macintosh HD.” Th e different name is not important; you can still follow di rections in this manual by replacing references to “Macintosh HD” with “PowerBook HD.”

6 Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the button twice in quick succession. (This is

called “double-clicking.”)

Now your screen should look like the illustration following step 7. The items in that illustration may not exactly match those on your screen. The only item you need right now is the Macintosh Basics folder.

If the screen doesn’t look right, try steps 5 and 6 again, paying special

attention to the following:

m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words

beneath it.

m Be sure to press the trackball button twice. m Press twice quickly a nd be careful not to roll the trackball while you press.

Chapter 2

7Roll the trackball to place the tip of the arrow on the picture of the folder labeled

Move the arrow

so that it is on

top of this picture.

8 Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the button twice in quick succession.

“Macintosh Basics.”

You may see other items on the screen. Your screen should look similar, but may not look exactly the same.

Now your screen should look like the followi ng illustration:

Learning to Use Your Computer

9Roll the trackball so that the arrow is on the picture of the man labeled

“Macintosh Basics.”

Move the arrow so that it is on top of this picture.

10 Press the trackball button twice in quick succession.

Now your screen should look like the followi ng picture:

If you don’t see this screen, try again, payi ng special attention to the following:

m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words

beneath it.

m Be sure to press the trackball button twice. m Press twice quickly a nd be careful not to roll the trackball while you press.

11 Follow the instructions on the screen and work through the tour.

When you finish the tour, continue with the rest of this chapter.

Chapter 2

Part 2 Practicing your new skills

You should now have completed the Macintosh Basics tour. The second part of your training gives you an opportunity to think about

what you’ve lear n ed so far and to practice your new skills.

Reviewing what you’ve learned

Before continuing, take a few moments to a nswer these questions. They will help you summarize the information you learn ed in Macintosh Basics. You may want to write (or circle) your answers as appropriate. Th e correct answers are in the next section of this chapter.

If you have any trouble answering the questions, look in Chapter 3, “Basic Skills.”

Question:

What is the name of the area where you do all your work? (It’s shown

below. )

Answer:____________________________________________

Learning to Use Your Computer

Question:

What are pictures on the Macintosh desktop called? Two examples are

shown below.

Answer:____________________________________________

What is the name for these pictures on the Macintosh desktop?

Circle the hard disk

window

in the illustration below.

Chapter 2

Circle the hard disk

icon

in the illustration below.

Question:

Circle the active window on the desktop below. How do you make a

window active?

Answer:____________________________________________

Learning to Use Your Computer

Question:

Which menu is the Save command in?

Answer:____________________________________________ Question:

How do you throw an item away?

Answer:____________________________________________ Label the parts of this window.

C. D.

Chapter 2

Answers to th e revi ew questions

These are the answers to the review questions that you completed earlier.

Question: Answer: Question: Answer: Circle the hard disk

Circle the hard disk

What is the area called where you do all your work?

the desktop

What are pictures called on the Macintosh desktop?

icons

window

icon

in the illustration below.

Learning to Use Your Computer

Question:

Circle the active window shown on the desktop below. How do you make

a window active?

Answer:

Question: Answer: Question: Answer: Label the parts of this window.

by clicking anywhere inside of it

Which menu is the Save command in?

the File menu

How do you throw an item away?

by dragging it to the Trash

Chapter 2

The close box

The title bar

scroll arrow

The scroll bar

The size box

Practice session

Now you can practice what you learned in Macintosh Basics . Yo u’ll b e practici ng your skills using real programs that came with your computer, rather than the sample ones in Macintosh Basics.

IMPORTANT

If you get lost at any point during the practice session, or if something unexpected happens, please turn to “Clues on Your Screen” i n this chapter. These clues will help you get back on track.

1: Creating a new document

1 Open the hard disk icon and then open the SimpleText program, as shown below.

1 Double-click the hard disk

icon to open it.

2 If a window with the name of your hard disk doesn’t appear, click the disk icon again twice.

3 To open the SimpleText program, double-click the SimpleText icon.

When the SimpleText program opens, a window appears with “Untitled 1” in the title bar. This is your blank document.

Learning to Use Your Computer

2 Use the keyboard to type a few lines of text into the blank document.

Type text in the blank document.

It doesn’t matter what you type. If you make an error, press the Delete key to backspace over the incorrect letters, then retype.

3 Open the File menu and choose the Save command to save your new document.

When you save a document, you are storing it on the hard disk. You need to save every document you create. If you don’t save it, the document is lost whe n you turn off the computer.

Choose Save from the File menu.

A box like the one in the next step appears, with “Untitled 1” near the bottom. This box lets you name and save your document.

Chapter 2

4Don’t click anywhere. Just type the name “Practice File.” Then click the button labeled

Type the name of your document to

replace “Untitled 1.”

Save.

The name you type should replace “Untitled 1” in the box. If it doesn’t, place the pointer to the left of the U in “Untitled 1,” then press the trackball button and drag across th e word. When “Untitled 1” is highlighted (the text is surrounded with a black box), type the new name.

Click Save to save your Practice File on the hard disk.

After you click Save, a copy of your document is stored on the hard disk in your computer. The new name appears in the title bar of the document.

The name of your document appears in the title bar.

Learning to Use Your Computer

5 Open the File menu and choose Quit to quit the SimpleText program.

Choose Quit from the File menu to quit your program.

The SimpleText program closes, along with your document.

6Check for the file you saved in the hard disk window.

You should see the icon for the document you saved in the hard disk wi ndow. If your Practice File icon doesn’t appear, it may be in a hidden part of the window. You can scroll through the window to find the icon if you need to.

Here’s the new file

you just created.

Chapter 2

If you don’t see your document, click the arrows to scroll through the window.

That’s the end of the first exercise. You may want to take a break before you continue.

2: Storing your work inside a folder

You can organize your work on the Macintosh by creating folders and storing your documents inside of them.

1 Open the File menu and choose New Folder.

A folder icon named “untitled folder” appears in the active window on the desktop.

A new folder icon appears in the hard disk window.

2Without clicking anywhere, type “My Work” to name the folder.

Notice that the words “untitled folder” are highlighted and boxed. That means the name you type will replace these words.

The new name of your folder appears here.

Learning to Use Your Computer

3 Drag the Practice File into the folder named “My Work.”

Move the pointer to the Practice File. Then press and hold down the button while you drag the Practice File to the folder named “My Work.” When the tip of the pointer is on the folder icon and the folder becomes highlighted, release the button.

Move the pointer to this icon. Then press and hold down the button while you drag this icon to the folder named “My Work.”

4 Open the folder named “My Work.”

You open a folder th e same way you open any icon: double-click it, or click it and choose Open from the File menu.

The “My Work” folder wi ndow opens, and you can see your Practice File.

You have now completed the second practice exercise. You may want to take a break before conti nuing.

Chapter 2

3: Throwing an item away

As you work, you will want to remove items you no longer n eed from the hard disk. You remove items by throwing them into the Trash. In this exercise, you will throw the Practice File into the Trash.

1If the Macintosh HD window is not already open, open it by double-clicking the

Macintosh HD icon.

2If the folder named “My Work” is not already open, open it.

Note: If you can’t see th e Trash icon (which should be in the lower-right corner of your screen) move the windows so that the Trash icon is visible. To move a window, place the pointer in the window’s title bar (the stripes at the top of the window), and drag the wi ndow.

3 Drag the Practice File to the Trash icon.

Place the pointer on the Practice File icon. Press and hold down the button as you move the pointer to the Trash icon.

When the tip of the pointer is on the Trash icon and the Trash icon becomes highlighted, release the button.

When you place a n icon in the Trash, it is not immediately removed from your disk. The Trash icon bulges to show you that the Practice File is in the Trash, but still on your disk.

Learning to Use Your Computer

4 Open the Trash icon (by double-clicking it) to see your Practice File there.

Your Practice File is

still in the Trash.

5 Open the Special menu and choose Empty Trash.

6Click OK.

A dialog box appears. The computer displays a dialog box when it asks you to confirm an action. You must click OK or another button in the dialog box before you can take any other action.

The Trash is emptied and the Trash icon returns to normal.

The Empty Trash command permanently removes from your disk anything that is in the Trash. Always be sure that you know what you’re removing before you choose Empty Trash.

Note: You can get an item back from th e Trash by moving its icon back to

your disk before you choose Empty Trash from the Special menu. After you choose Empty Trash, you can’t recover items you’ve thrown away.

You have completed all of the practice exercises. Before you continue with your own work, you might want to skim Chapter 3, “Basic Skills,” for a summary of basic skills that you’ll need as you work.

Chapter 2

What’ s next?

The best way to get experience working with your computer is to begin to do your own work. You may have already purchased application programs to work with. You’ll need to install these on your hard disk. Be sure to read the manuals that came with your application programs for information on how to install them. (To install your programs, you’ll need to know how to insert a floppy disk into the Duo Floppy Adapter. See Chapter 3, “Basic Skills,” for instructions and Chapter 8 for i nformation about the Duo Floppy Adapter.)

Clues on your screen

As you work, check the screen frequently for these important clues about where you are. If you are lost or if something unexpected happens, ask yourself these questions:

Is this the right program?

Check the menu bar. If it looks like this example, you are in the Finder. If any of these menu names are different or missing, you are inside another program. To ge t back to the Finder, click anywhere on the desktop pattern.

The Finder menu bar

Learning to Use Your Computer

Is the correct window active?

Usually only the active window is affected when you type or use a menu. The active window has stripes in its title bar. To make a window active, click anywhere inside it.

Is the icon or text you want to work with selected?

Commands you choose in menus usually work only if an icon or some text is selected. Check the item you want to work with to make sure it’s highlighted (which mea ns it’s selected).

Is it best to start over?

If you get stuck or lost as you practice on the computer, try one or more of the following remedies and then start the practice session over again:

m If an unwa nted or confusing window is on your screen, click th e Close box

in the upp er-left corner of the window to close it.

m If an unwa nted window or box contains a Cancel button, click it. m If the File menu contains the word Quit, choose it. m If you’re really stuck, restart your computer.

To restart, click the desktop (the background patter n on your screen), and then choose Restart from the Sp ecial menu. This turns the computer off and then back on. When you restart a computer, problems often clear up.

Chapter 2

Refer to this chapter for information

on basic Macintosh skills

Basic Skills

This section provides infor mation on the following basic skills:

m Working with icons m Working with wi ndows m Working with do cuments m Working with disks m Organizi ng your desktop m Working with menus m Keyboard shortcuts in the Finder and in directory dialog boxes

Working with ic on s

An icon is a picture that represents something else.

These icons

represent folders,

programs, and

documents that

are stored on

the hard disk.

Selecting icons

To do this Follow these steps

Select the icon Click the item. Deselect an icon Click anywhere except the selected icon.

This icon represents the hard disk.

This icon represents the Trash.

Select multiple icons While holding down the Shift key, click each icon. Deselect an icon in a While holding down the Shift key, click the icon.

group of selected icons Select multiple icons 1. Place the pointer at one corner of a group of icons.

that are near each other 2. Drag diagonally to select the icons, then release the

button.

Select a list or partial 1. Place the pointer to the left of the top icon or the bottom icon. list of icons 2. Drag up or down the list, releasing the button when the

items are selected.

Chapter 3

Copying icons

To do this Follow these steps

Copy an icon onto Drag the icon to the icon of the other disk another disk or to an icon or window that belongs to that disk.

Copy an icon 1. Click the icon to select it.

on the same disk 2. Choose Duplicate from the File menu, or press

3. If you wish, rename the new icon and drag it to a new location. You can also make a copy by holding down the Option key while you drag the icon to another folder or window.

-D.

Opening ic on s

To do this Follow these steps

Open an icon 1. Click the icon. (disk, folder, etc.) 2. Choose the Open command from the File menu.

Or double-click (click twice quickly) on the icon.

Moving icons

To do this Follow these steps

Move an icon Drag the item to the location you want. on a disk

Naming icons

To do this Follow these steps

Select text in an Click the icon name (not the icon itself). icon’s name

Rename an icon 1. Select the text under the icon.

2. Type the new name.

3. Press the Return key.

Basic Skills

Removing items from the disk and retrieving them from the Trash

To do this Follow these steps

Erase or remove 1. Drag the icon to the Trash. an item from a disk 2. Choose Empty Trash from the Special menu.

Retrieve an item 1. Open the Trash icon. from the Trash 2. Drag the icon out of the Trash (and into the disk or folder window

Working with windows

A window opens when you double-click an icon. A window usually shows you what’s inside an icon.

where you want to store it). Or, choose Put Away from the File menu to return the icon to its original place on a disk.

This is a window

showing you what’s

on the the hard

disk named

“Macintosh HD.”

Click the close box to close a window.

Drag the size box to enlarge

or reduce the window.

Click the zoom box

to resize a window.

Click the scroll arrows to view contents that you cannot see.

Move the scroll box up or down to view the contents of a window that you can’t see. The gray in the scroll bar indicates that there are contents of the window that you cannot see.

Chapter 3

Viewin g the contents of a win d ow

To do this Follow these steps

View the contents 1. Open the View menu. of a window by name, 2. Choose the menu item that corresponds to the way you want to date, size, or kind view the contents of the window.

View the contents of 1. Choose any list view from the View menu (any view except the the window in outline icon and small icon views). form 2. Click the triangle next to a folder name to display or hide the

contents of the folder.

Making a window active

To do this Follow these steps

Make a window Click anywhere inside the window or double-click its icon. active

Opening higher level folders or disks

1 Hold down the xkey as you press

the title of the active window. 2 Drag to choose a higher-level folder

(or disk) and then release the button.

Basic Skills

Working with documents

Opening and closing a document

To do this Follow these steps

Open a document 1. Click the icon for the document.

Close a document Choose Close from the File menu. Or click the close box of the

Opening a docume nt from within a program

To do this Follow these steps

Open a document 1. Choose Open from the File menu. when you are working 2. Click the name of the document. (The illustration in an open program shows how to find a folder that you might not see.)

2. Choose the Open command from the File menu. Or double-click (click twice rapidly) on the icon.

document window.

3. Click the Open button.

Press this label to open a popup menu of folders and disks.

The documents in the disk or folder you choose are listed here.

Chapter 3

Saving and naming documents

To do this Follow these steps

Save and name a 1. Choose the Save command from the File menu. document 2. Type a name for the document. for the first time 3. Click the Save button.

Save the document 1. Choose the Save As command from the File menu. under another name 2. Type a new name for the document. (Save as) 3. Click the Save button.

Choosing a folder when saving a document

To do this Follow these steps

Save a document while 1. Choose Save or Save As from the File menu. working in a program 2. Click the name of the folder you want to save your document in. (The

illustration shows how to find a folder that you might not see.)

3. Click Open to open the folder.

4. Name your document.

5. Click the Save button to save the document inside the folder.

Press this label to open a pop-up menu of folders and disks.

The documents in the

disk or folder you choose

are listed here.

Basic Skills

Working with disks

You can purchase a Duo Floppy Adapter that allows you to use floppy disks with your PowerBook Duo. See Chapter 8 for information on the Duo Floppy Adapter.

Preparing a new floppy disk for use

See “Usi ng Disks” in the Macintosh Reference manual.

Eje c ting a floppy disk

To do this Follow these steps

Eject a floppy disk Drag the disk’s icon to the Trash.

Copying the contents of a disk

To do this Follow these steps

Copy the entire 1. Insert the original floppy disk into the floppy disk drive. contents of one floppy 2. Drag the floppy disk icon to the hard disk icon. (The floppy disk disk onto another floppy contents appear in a folder on the hard disk.) disk (with one disk drive) 3. Drag the floppy disk icon to the Trash.

4. Insert the floppy disk that you want to copy to.

5. Drag the icon of the newly created folder to the floppy disk icon.

6. Drag the floppy disk icon to the Trash.

Copy an entire 1. Drag the icon for the floppy disk to the icon for the hard disk. floppy disk onto a hard (The floppy disk contents appear in a folder on the hard disk.) disk

Copy items from a 1. Select the items you want to copy. hard disk onto 2. Drag the selected icons to the floppy disk’s icon or window. a floppy disk

Copy items from a 1. Select the items you want to copy. floppy disk onto a 2. Drag the selected icons to the hard disk’s icon or window. hard disk

Chapter 3

Erasing the contents of a disk

To do this Follow these steps

Erase the entire 1. Insert the disk you want to erase into a disk drive. contents of a floppy disk 2. Click the icon of the disk you want to erase.

Organizing your desktop

Creating a new folder

To do this Follow these steps

Create a new 1. Choose New Folder from the File menu. folder 2. Type a name for the folder.

Plac in g an icon inside a folder

3. Choose Erase Disk from the Special menu.

4. Respond to the messages on your screen by clicking the appropriate buttons.

3. Press the Return key.

To do this Follow these steps

Place an icon 1. Drag the icon to the folder where you want to store it. inside a folder 2. Release the button when the folder icon becomes

highlighted.

Basic Skills

Working with pull-down menus

To choose an item from a menu:

1 Point to the menu. 2 Press to pull down the menu. 3 Drag to the item you want to choose. 4 Release the button when the

command is highlighted.

Dimmed commands

are not available.

This is the Help menu, which you use to display information about items on the screen.

Keyboard shortcuts in the Finder and in directory dialog b oxe s

This is the Application menu, which you use to see which programs are open.

Chapter 3

Key Action

Up, Down, Left, Selects the next item in the direction of the arrow or Right Arrow key

Tab key Selects the next item alphabetically (except in a directory dialog box key (a, b, c...) and the Chooser)

Character Selects the first item whose name begins with that character (or the

character following closest to it in the alphabet)

–Down Arrow Opens the selected icon

–Option–Down Arrow Opens the selected icon and closes the current folder

–Up Arrow Opens the folder that contains the current folder

–Option–Up Arrow Opens the folder that contains the current folder and closes the current

folder

Return or Enter In a dialog box: the same as clicking the button with the bold outline

In the Finder: selects the selected icon’s name for editing or saves the edited name

Refer to this chapter for important

health-related information and

safety tips.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Important care and safety instructions

For your own safety and that of your equipment, read and follow all the instructions in this section. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.

Warning

m Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation of this

product, or similar products, must always be supervised by a n ad ult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical product and do not permit them to handle any cables.

m Do not use the computer in or near water. m Do not use cables that are frayed or otherwise damaged. Hold a cable by its

connector (the plug, not the cord) when connecting or disconnecting it.

m Always handle batteries carefully. m Do not drop, puncture, mutilate, or burn the computer or battery. m Recharge batteries only as described in this manual and only in ventilated

areas.

m Transport batteries either inside the computer or in the protective case

provided with each battery. Do not transport unprotected batteries.

m Do not shor t-circuit the battery terminals (that is, do not allow a metal

object such as a paper clip or key chain to touch the terminals). Doi ng so may cause an explosion or a fire.

Cauti o n

m If you have a problem with your computer and nothing in the computer

manuals solves the problem, take the computer to your Apple-authorized dealer or service provider. Attempting to repair the computer yourself may void the limited warranty.

m Do not move the computer when you can h ear its hard disk spinning.

When you put the computer to sleep, wait until the screen is bla nk before moving the computer.

m Use only the power adapter supplied with your computer. Adapters

designed for other electronic devices may look similar, but they may not work with your equipment and may damage the computer.

m Never force a connector into a port. Make sure that the connector matches

the port and that it’s right side up. If the connector and port do not join easily, they do not match.

m Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments. m Keep dirt and liquids away from the ports on the back panel, the keyboard,

and the trackball. If you spill any food or liquid onto the computer, shut it down immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and how much got into the computer, you may have to bring the computer to an Apple-authorized service provider for cleaning.

m Do not touch the screen with any sharp or pointed objects. m Use only the battery supplied with your computer. Batteries designed for

other portable computers may look similar, but they may not work with your computer and may damage it.

m When recharging th e battery, use only the power adapter supplied with

your computer. Adapters designed for other electronic devices may not work with your equipment and may damage the computer or the recharger.

m Do not leave batteries in hot locations (such as the trunk of a car).

Chapter 4

Important

m If the computer has been in a cold place for several hours, let it war m up to

m Use the computer only in envi ronments where the temperature ra nge is

m Do not expose the computer to very low (less than –13° F/–25°C) or very

m Clean the computer’s outside surfaces with a damp (not wet) cloth. Clean

Caring for batteries

m Always handle batteries carefully. m Do not shor t-circuit the battery terminals (that is, do not touch both

m Do not drop, puncture, disassemble, mutilate, or incinerate the battery. m Recharge batteries only as described in this manual and only in ventilated

room temperature before you use it.

between 50°F/10°C and 104°F/40°C.

high (more than 140°F/60°C) temperatures.

the screen with soft, lint-free paper or cloth and a mild glass clea ner. Do not spray the glass cleaner directly onto the screen.

terminals with a metal object). Doing so may cause an explosion or a fire.

areas.

m Do not leave batteries in hot locations (such as the trunk of a car) for more

than a day or two.

m Do not leave a battery in your computer for longer than a week without

plugging in the power adapter.

m Do not leave a battery in storage for longer than 6 months without

recharging it.

m Take dead batteries to an Apple-authorized service provider for recycling or

proper disposal. The batteries contain hazardous chemicals and should not be thrown out with household or office trash.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Health-related information abo ut computer use

Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with using computers ca n occur from performing any number of activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist. For example, if you engage in nonwork activities that involve repetitive stress on the wrist—such as bicycling—and also use your computer’s keyboard improp erly, you may increase your likelihood of developing wrist problems. Some individuals are at greater risk of developing these problems because of their health, physiology, lifestyle, and general exposure to stress. Work organization and conditions, such as workstation setup and lighting, also play a part in your overall health and comfort. Preventing health problems is a multifaceted task that requires careful attention to the way you use your body every hour of every day.

The most common health effects associated with using a computer are musculoskeletal discomfort and eye fatigue. We’ll discuss each area of concern below.

Musculoskeletal discomfor t

As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.

Another type of musculoskeletal concern is repetitive stress injuries (RSIs), also known as cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). These problems can occur when a certai n muscle or tendon is repeatedly overused and forced into an unnatural position. The exact causes of RSIs are not totally understood, but in addition to awkward posture, such factors as the amount of repetition, the force used in the activity, the individual’s physiology, workplace stress level, and lifestyle may affect the li kelihood of experiencing an RSI.

Chapter 4

RSIs did not suddenly arise when computers were invented; tennis elbow and writer’s cramp, for example, are two RSIs that have been with us for a long time. Although less common than other RSIs, one serious RSI discussed more often today is a wrist problem called carpal tunnel syndrome, which may be aggravated by improper use of computer keyboards. This nerve disorder results from excessive pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the wrist to the hand.

This section offers advice on setting up your work area to enhance your comfort while you use your computer. Since the effects of repetitive movements associated with using a computer can be compounded by those of other work and leisure activities to produce or aggravate physical problems, proper use of your computer system must be considered as just one element of a healthy lifestyle.

No one, of course, can guarantee that you won’t have problems even when you follow the most e x pert advice on using computer equipment. You should always check with a qualified health specialist if muscle, joint, or eye problems occur.

Eye fa ti g ue

Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs b ecause the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.

Whenever you’re engaged in an activity that involves close-up work—such as reading a magazin e, doing craft work, or using a computer—be sure to have sufficient glare-free lighting and give your eyes frequent rest breaks by looking up and focusing on distant objects. Remember to have your eyes examined regularly.

To prevent discomfort and eye fatigue: m Arrange your work space so that the furniture is properly adjusted for you

and doesn’t contribute to an awkward working posture.

m Take frequent short breaks to give your muscles and eyes a chance to rest.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Arran ging yo ur work area and equipment

This Not this

The suggestions in this section ca n help you work more comfortably with your computer.

Chair

m An adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support is best. Adjust

the height of the chair so your thighs are horizontal and your feet flat on the floor.

The back of the chair should support your lower back (lumbar region). Foll ow the manufacturer’s i nstructions for adjusti ng the backrest to fit your body properly.

Keyboard and trackbal l

m When you use the keyboard and trackball, your shoulders should be

relaxed. Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line.

m You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the

proper angle to th e keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface.

Chapter 4

m Use a light touch wh en typing or using the trackball and keep your hands

This Not this

and fingers relaxed. When using the trackball or keyboard, avoid rolling your thumbs under your palms.

Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.

m Change hand positions often to avoid fatigue. m If you prefer, you can adjust the angle of the keyboard by lowering the legs

until they snap into position.

The back of the keyboard is slightly elevated when the legs are in use. Otherwise, the keyboard is level.

Mouse

m If you use a mouse, position the mouse at the same height as your

keyboard. Allow adequate space to use the mouse comfortably.

Built-in display

m Adjust the angle of the display to minimize glare a nd reflections from

overhead lights and windows.

m If your display screen has manual brightness and contrast controls, you

may need to adjust th e brightness and contrast of the screen when you take the computer from one work location to a nother, or if the lighting in your work area changes.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

External monitor

If you use an external monitor, this suggestion may be helpful. m If possible, arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below

your eye level when you’re sitti ng at the keyboard. The best distance from your eyes to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28 inches (45 to 70 cm).

Av oiding fatig ue

m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel

tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue.

m Allow adequate workspace so that you can work comfortably. Place papers

or other items so you can view them easily while using your computer. A document stand may make reading papers more comfortable.

m Eye muscles must work harder to focus on nearby objects. Occasionally

focus your eyes on a distant object, a nd bli nk often while you work.

m Clean your screen regularly. Keeping the screen clea n helps reduce

unwanted reflections.

What about e lectromagnetic emissions?

There has been recent public discussion of th e possible health effects of prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic fields. Such fields are associated with electromagnetic sources such as television sets, electrical wiring, and some household appliances—as well as computer monitors.

Apple has reviewed scientific repor ts and sought the counsel of government regulatory agencies and respected health organizations. Based on the prevailing evidence and opinions, Apple believes that the electric and magnetic fields produced by computer monitors do not pose a h ealth risk.

In response to those customers who wish to reduce their exposure to electromagnetic fields, Apple has lowered th e emission levels of our prod ucts. We are also actively encouraging further scientific research so we can continue to promote th e h ealth and safety of our customers and employees.

Chapter 4

This chapter describes working with

the Control Strip, the line of

modules at the bottom of

your screen.

The Control Strip

What is the Contr ol Strip?

When you first turn on your PowerBook, a line of small pictures appears i n the lower left of th e screen. This is called the Control Strip is called a module.

The Control Strip is a quick and easy way to monitor and update your PowerBook’s power management options. For instance, you can monitor the battery charge level and the amount of work time left on your battery. You can also adjust such options as File Sharing and sound volume.

Scroll arrows let you view Control Strip modules that are not visible.

Close Box

AppleTalk

Switch

Battery Monitor

File Sharing

HD Spin Down

Control Strip. Each pictu re in the

Power

Settings

Sound

Volume

Sleep

Now

Scroll

Arrow

Video

Mirroring

Tab

The Control Strip may look slightly different depending on the options on your PowerBook.

To ge t a description of each module in the Control Strip, pull down the Help Menu, choose Show Balloons and point to the modules one at a time.

How does the Control Strip differ from control panels?

Many features in the Control Strip work the same way as control pa nels. For the mo s t part, however, control panels offer more options. The Control Strip gives you an easy way to access the features you use most often. You can still use the control panels anytime to fine-tune your settings.

Closing, opening, and resizing the Control Strip

Closing th e Control Strip

The Control Strip appears on the desktop until you close it. You can close the Control Strip one of two ways:

1 Click the tab at the end of the Control Strip.

2 Click the close box at the beginning of the Control Strip.

The Control Strip appears on top of application programs. When you close the Control Strip, only the tab appears along the edge of the screen.

Chapter 5

Opening the C ontrol Strip

To open the Control Strip:

Click once on the tab.

The Control Strip opens.

Resizing t he Control Strip

You can shorten or lengthen the Control Strip to display fewer or more modules.

Click and drag the tab.

The Control Strip shortens or lengthens as you drag the tab. If you shorten the Control Strip and can no longer see all th e mod ules, use the scroll arrows.

Hiding the Control Strip

If you want to hide the Control Strip so it does not appear at all on the desktop:

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

control panel.

2Click Hide Control Strip.

) menu, and open the Control Strip

The Control Strip automatically disappears from the screen. Click Show Control Strip in the Control Strip control panel when you wa nt

the Control Strip to reappear.

The Control Strip

Moving the Control Strip

You can drag th e Control Strip to the right or left edge of your PowerBook’s screen or any monitor your PowerBook is connected to. To reposition the Control Strip:

1Hold down the Option key and drag the Control Strip by its tab.

An outline of the Control Strip shows where the Control Strip will move to.

2 Release the Option key and trackball button.

The Control Strip appears in its new position, and remains there until you move it again.

Rearranging the modules in the Control Strip

You can customize the order of the modules in the Control Strip. To rear range the modules:

1Hold down the Option key and drag each module you want to move. 2 Release the Option key and trackball button.

The module you are moving snaps into place. The modules stay in the new order until you rearrange them.

Using the Control Str ip

Chapter 5

Monitoring the charge level of the battery

Your computer draws power from a rechargeable battery. T h e Battery Monitor module in the Control Strip lets you easily monitor the battery charge level. The work time you get from your battery depends on how often you use the hard disk, how bright the screen is, and other factors.

The Battery Monitor has four parts:

m battery icon m battery charge level

If the battery is

powering the

computer, this

icon appears.

m battery consumption rate m estimated work time remaining

The battery icon tells you whether a battery is installed, is being used to power the computer, is being recharged, or is fully charged.

The charge level

is displayed

here.

The battery consumption rate is displayed here

when the battery is powering the

computer

. Higher rates are to the right.

The estimated work time remaining is displayed here when the battery is powering the computer.

The battery charge level, battery consumption rate, and estimated work time remaining change depending on the software, hardware, and power saving features you use.

The battery icon changes dep ending on whether the battery is being charged, is fully charged, or is powering the computer. Notice that the battery consumption rate and the work time left are displayed only when the computer is being powered by the battery.

If the power adapter is plugged in and charging the battery, this icon appears.

The charge level changes as the battery charges.

If the power adapter is plugged in and the battery is fully charged, this icon appears.

If the power adapter is plugged in and the battery is not in the computer, this icon appears.

The Control Strip

Customizing th e Battery Monitor module

You can customize the Battery Monitor module to display only the features you want. Follow these steps:

1Click the Battery Monitor module in the Control Strip.

The following pop-up menu appears.

2Choose the feature you want to hide or show.

You cannot hide the battery icon.

Changing the battery conservation settings

You can control your computer’s power consumption usi ng the power conservation settings in the Power Settings module. You can also open the PowerBook control panel from the Power Settings module.

1Click the Power Settings module in the Control Strip.

A pop-up menu appears.

Open the PowerBook control panel if you want to use the Custom settings.

Better Conservation gives you longer work time. Better Performance allows you to work with the

fewest interruptions.

2Choose the feature you want from the pop-up menu.

The battery conservation settings shown are identical to those shown in the Easy View area of the PowerBook control panel. For help with the PowerBook control panel, see “Adjusting the Battery Conservation Settings” in the “Maximizing Work Time” section of Chapter 6.

Chapter 5

Spinning down th e hard disk

The hard disk is one of the main consumers of battery power. To extend work time while you are using your battery, it is a good idea to turn off the hard disk when you are not using it. This is called “spinning down” the hard disk.

To s pin down the hard disk:

1Click the HD Spin Down module in the Control Strip.

A pop-up menu appears.

2Choose Spin Down Internal Hard Disk.

The icon shows that the hard disk is off.

The hard disk automatically tur ns itself back on when the computer needs it.

Put ting the computer to sleep

Putting your PowerBook to sleep when you take a work break, even for a few minutes, can give you more work time from your battery. To put your PowerBook to sleep from the Control Strip:

1Click the Sleep Now module in the Control Strip.

A pop-up menu appears:

2Choose Sleep Now.

Note that if you use a PowerBook Duo 280c, a flashing green light appears i n the upper right cor ner of the computer’s display.

The Control Strip

Your PowerBook goes to sleep. To wake the computer from sleep, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock). There are three other ways you put your PowerBook to sleep:

m clo se the computer’s display m choose the Sleep command from the Special menu in the Finder m hold down the x (Command) and Shift keys while you press and release

the zero (0) key.

For more information on sleep, see Chapters 1 and 6.

Changing the file sharing options

The icon of the File Sharing module tells you whether file sharing is on and whe t her us ers are connected.

File Sharing is turned off.

File Sharing is turned on and no users are connected.

File Sharing is turned on and at least one user is connected.

To ch ange the file sharing option or open the File Sharing Setup control panel:

1Click the File Sharing module in the Control Strip.

A pop-up menu appears:

2Choose the file sharing option you want from the pop-up menu.

For more information on file sharing and working on a network, see th e Macintosh Reference book.

Chapter 5

Changing the sound settings

Your computer’s sound volume can be cha nged from the Control Strip:

1Click the Sound Volume module in the Control Strip.

A pop-up menu appears:

2Choose the volume setting you want from the pop-up menu.

For more information on sound, see the Macintosh Reference book.

Turning an AppleTalk connection on and off

The icon for the AppleTalk Switch module shows if AppleTalk is on or off.

AppleTalk is off.

AppleTalk is on.

Turn ing AppleTalk off can save you battery power. You can turn AppleTalk on and off from the Control Strip.

1Click the AppleTalk Switch module in the Control Strip.

A pop-up menu appears:

The Control Strip

2Choose the feature you want from the pop-up menu.

For more information on AppleTalk and worki ng on a network, see the Macintosh Reference book.

Using video mirroring

If your PowerBook is conn ected to an external monitor you can display the same image on the internal display and an external monitor. This feature is called “video mirroring.”

When an external monitor is connected to your PowerBook, the Video Mir roring module appears i n the Control Strip. T he icon shows whether video mirroring is on or off.

Video mirroring is turned off.

Video mirroring is turned on.

You can turn video mirroring on and off from the Control Strip.

1Click the Video Mirroring module in the Control Strip.

A pop-up menu appears:

2Choose the feature you want from the pop-up menu.

The Video Mirroring module offers exactly the same features as the PowerBook Display control panel. For information of using the PowerBook Display control panel, see “Using Other Equipment With Your Duo System” in Chapter 8.

Chapter 5

Read this chapter to learn

how you can maximize your

PowerBook’s battery life.

Power Mana gement

Power sources

Your computer can draw its operating power from two different sources:

Main battery

battery. The battery provides power for about 2–4 hours of work time (depending on the battery conservation features you choose).

AC power

plugging in the power adapter.

Your computer also has a backup battery that maintains the contents of RAM while you replace th e main battery. T he backup battery does not provide enough power to run the computer.

These power sources are described in more detail in the following sections.

Your computer’s main power source is a nickel-metal-hydride

You can run your computer from a ny standard electrical outlet by

Monitoring the battery charge level

There are two ways you can monitor the charge level of your battery:

Use the Battery Monitor module in the Control Strip.

instructions.

Use the Battery desk accessory.

See the next section for instructions.

See Chapter 5 for

Using the Batter y desk accessory

The main battery provides power for about 2–4 hours of work (th e exact time depends on how often you use the hard disk, how bright the screen is, and other factors). Use the Battery Monitor module in the Control Strip or the Battery desk accessory to monitor the battery charge level so you can recharge it when necessary. T h e Battery Monitor module is explained in Chapter 5.

To us e th e Battery desk accessory, follow th ese steps:

1Choose Battery from the Apple menu to open the Battery desk accessory.

The Battery desk accessory app ears.

The line of rectangles indicates the charge level. You can see the level decrease while the battery is in use, and increase while the battery is recharging in the computer.

A lightning bolt icon appears when the power adapter is plugged in and the battery is recharging in the computer. T he lightni ng bolt icon disappears whe n the battery is fully charged.

2If you want to put the PowerBook to sleep, click the lever to the right of the battery

gauge and then click the sleep button.

Lever

Click the Sleep button and the PowerBook is put to sleep.

You can also put the computer to sleep by choosing the Sleep command from the Spe cial me nu or the Sleep Now module in the Control Strip.

Chapter 6

Responding to low-power messages

When the battery runs low, the computer displays a series of low-power messages. The work time remaining after you see the first message varies depending on how you are using the computer. It’s a good idea to act promptly.

What you should do

When you see a low-power message, you should do one of the following:

Plug in the power adapter.

Save your work and put the computer to sleep.

What you should know

The first low-power message is a reminder that the battery will soon run out. When this message appears, th e screen brightness dims automatically to save power.

If you continue to work without plugging in the power adapter or changing the battery, the computer displays a second low-power message.

The second message is followed by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. Within a few seconds, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM. All activities are interrupted. It’s a good idea to save your work when you see the fir st two low-power messages to make sure you don’t lose information.

If you continue working until th e computer goes to sleep automatically, you can wake it again as soon as you plug in the power adapter or replace the battery with a fully charged battery.

If you ca n’t plug in the power adapter, the contents of RAM are retained in sleep for about a day. If you recharge or change the battery within a day, you should be able to wake the computer and resume work where you left off.

IMPORTANT

Recharge a depleted battery as soon as possible. Leaving a depleted battery in the computer for more than several months, or in a hot location (such as the trunk of a car) for longer than two weeks, may damage the ba ttery so that it can’t be recharged. If this happ ens, you need to replace the ba ttery.

Power Management

Recharging the battery

There are two ways to recharge a battery: m Plug in the power adapter to recharge the battery without removing it from

the co mputer.

m Remove the battery and recharge it i n the (optional) recharger. Recharge a battery shortly before you plan to use it. Th e battery does not

retain its charge in long-term storage.

Rech arging in the computer

Plug i n the power adapter as shown.

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

You can continue to use the computer while the battery is recharging. Using the computer does not affect the amount of time it takes the battery to recharge.

If you recharge a fully depleted battery with the computer in sleep or shut down, it usually takes a little over 2 hours to bring the battery charge to 100 percent, but the time may vary depending on the PowerBook you have and the battery you are recharging.

Chapter 6

Rech arging in a recharger

A battery recharger and additional batteries are available for purchase. If you purchase a recharger and an extra battery, you can charge one battery while you use the other, so you always have a fully charged battery on hand.

The recharger can accommodate two batteries, and charges them one battery at a time. You can put batteries in or take them out at different times.

The recharger must be plugged i nto an electrical outlet to charge a battery. You can plug it i n using the power adapter that came with your computer, or you can purchase an additional (identical) power adapter from your Appleauthorized dealer.

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your computer with the recharger. Using other types of power adapters may damage the recharger, the power adapter, or both.

To recharge a battery, follow these steps:

1Place the recharger on a level surface. 2Connect the recharger and the power adapter as shown in the illustration.

Power Management

3Place the battery in the recharger as shown.

Recharging begins immediately. You can remove a battery from the recharger at any time. Remember, if you are chargi ng two batteries, they charge one at a time. It takes about two hours to charge each battery.

IMPORTANT

To preserve a battery’s charge, don’t leave it in the recharger if the

power adapter is not plugged i nto an electrical outlet. The lights on the recharger indicate the following:

No light

Either the recharger is not plugged in, the other battery is being charged (if you have two batteries in the recharger), or the battery is defective. (If the light goes off during recharging, there is a problem with the ba ttery.)

m m m

Yellow Green Red

The battery is charging.

The battery is fully charged.

The charge does not recognize the typ e of battery inserted. If you are

charging a replacement battery, follow the instructions that came with it.

Rech arging in both the computer and a recharger

You can use a si ngle power adapter to run the PowerBook Duo and the battery recharger at the same time.

If the PowerBook is on and contains a battery that is not fully charged, the computer charges the i nternal battery first. The external battery does not begin charging until the internal battery is fully charged. If you are still using the computer at that point, it takes a little over 2 hours for a fully depleted external battery to charge.

Chapter 6

If the PowerBook is in sleep or is shut down, internal and external batteries charge simultan eously. If both batteries are fully depleted, it takes about 4 hours to charge both. If the internal battery is fully charged or absent, the external battery takes a little over 2 hours to charge.

Removing or re pl acing the battery

m If the power adapter is plugged in, you can use the computer indefinitely

without a battery.

m If the power adapter is not plugged in, the backup batteries in your computer

protect open programs and documents for about 4 minutes, allowing you to remove th e depleted battery and replace it with a charged one. (The backup batteries maintain other kinds of information, including control panel settings such as the clock time, for up to two weeks after the main battery is discharged or removed.)

To remove or replace the main battery, follow these steps:

1Save your work, and then choose Sleep from the Special menu.

You can choose Shut Down instead of Sleep if you feel more comfor table working without the 4-minute time limit.

⁄2

2Close the display. 3 Open the battery door by pressing the small button and sliding the door in the direction

indicated by the arrow.

The door is physically attached to the battery.

4 Carefully pull the battery out of its compartment.

Power Management

5If you are inserting another battery, slide it into the battery compartment.

Replacement batteries come with a door attach ed.

6Close the battery door by pushing it back into place.

IMPORTANT

should be aligned with the computer and the battery door completely closed). If a battery is not inserted correctly, you may have performance problems.

7If possible, plug in the power adapter in case the battery is not fully charged.

WARNING

amounts of sodium hydroxide. This substance can cause severe burns to the skin and eyes. If you touch a damaged battery, immediately rinse your hands and any other affected areas with water for at least five minutes. Do not use soap.

Disposing of dead batteries

IMPORTANT

reclaimed and reused. Instead of throwing away dead batteries, please dispose of them as described here.

In the United States: Return dead batteries to your Apple-authorized service provider, who will make sure they are included i n Apple’s battery recycling program.

Check to make sure the battery is properly inserted (the battery

Damaged nickel-metal-hydride batteries may leak small

Nickel-metal-hydride batteries contain metals that can be

Elsewher e: Many countries have government- or Apple-sponsored collection and/or recycling programs for dead batteries. Dispose of dead batteries in accordance with the mandatory or voluntary battery collection schemes in your country. Contact your Apple-authorized service provider for information about the recommended battery disposal procedures in your location. If there is no government- or Apple-sponsored return program, you can dispose of the batteries with your regular trash, taking care not to break them open or incinerate them.

Chapter 6

Replacing t he back up battery

In addition to its main battery, your computer has a small backup battery that maintains the contents of RAM while you replace the main battery.

The backup battery usually lasts for several years. You may need to have it replaced if you notice that some of your system settings changed after you removed or replaced the main battery. (You may notice, for example, that the clock time is different.) By replacing the backup battery you can preserve the contents of RAM the next time you change the main battery.

Your computer’s backup battery must be replaced by an Apple-authorized service provider.

Reconditioning th e battery

To maximize battery life, you should recondition the battery once every 30 days.

If you own a PowerBook Duo 280 or 280c

If you have a PowerBook Duo 280 or 280c, you can extend your battery’s life by reconditioning your battery once every 30 days using the Battery Reconditioning program, which is on the system software disk labeled Disk Too ls. You may want to keep a copy of th e Battery Reconditioning program on your hard disk so it is more convenient to use every 30 days.

IMPORTANT

It takes 2 hours to r un the Battery Reconditioning program and about 2 hours to fully charge your battery in your PowerBook. During the time you are reconditioning your battery (and recharging it if you don’t have a recharger), you cannot use your PowerBook. Plan to recondition your battery when you won’t need your PowerBook for at least 4 hours.

To recondition a battery, follow these steps:

1Plug in your PowerBook using your AC power adapter.

If you have already copied the Battery Reconditioning program on your hard disk, skip step 2 and do step 3 next.

2 Insert

Disk Tools

in the floppy disk drive and turn on your PowerBook.

Power Management

3 Locate the Battery Reconditioning icon and open it.

4 Read the message on the screen and click OK.

The date you last

reconditioned your

battery appears here.

A warning appears

below the date if it

has been less than 30

days since the last

recondition.

A message appears on the screen describing battery reconditioning. If you don’t have your PowerBook plugged in, a message appears telling you to plug it in.

The following appears:

The type of battery in your computer appears here.

5Click Recondition if it has been more than 30 days since the last time you reconditioned

the battery.

If 30 days have not passed since the last time you recondition ed, the following appears on the screen:

Click Quit to exit the Battery Reconditioning program.

Chapter 6

If 30 days have passed since you last reconditioned, this message app ears:

Remember that it takes 2 hours to recondition the battery and 2 hours to fully charge the battery. Make sure you do not need to use your PowerBook for 4 hours.

6Click OK.

While the reconditioning cycle is taking place, the following icon appears on the screen:

You can quit the Battery Reconditioning program at any time by pressi ng the period key and the x (Command) key at the same time. Also, if you unplug your PowerBook during reconditioning, you quit th e reconditioning program. Your battery is not reconditioned if you quit i n the middle of the reconditioning cycle.

When the reconditioning is complete, the following appears on the screen for one minute:

7Click OK.

The battery is reconditioned. Allow time to recharge the battery by leaving the PowerBook plugged in for 2 hours. Follow these steps again in 30 days to maximize the life of the battery.

Power Management

If you own a PowerBook Duo 230

If you own a PowerBook Duo 230 and want to recondition your battery, you must fully drai n and then fully recharge the battery. Follow these steps:

1 Use the computer as you normally would, but ignore the low-power messages that

appear on the screen.

Make sure to save your work when you see the low-power messages.

2Allow the computer to go to sleep automatically after the third low-power message. 3 Recharge the battery completely before using that battery again.

See “Recharging the Battery” earlier in this chapter for help.

Maximizing work time

Your PowerBook’s battery can provide between 2 to 4 hours of work time before you need to recharge. The actual work time available depends on what equipment and power-saving features you’re using.

Ways to cons erve battery p ower

Notice the battery consumption rate that is displayed in the Battery Monitor module of the Control Strip when you are running your PowerBook off the battery. When it points to the left, you are conserving battery power and will have more work time from your battery. To conserve battery power, follow these tips:

m If you’re working near an electrical outlet, plug in the power adapter. m If you aren’t using the computer, put it to sleep and plug in the power

adapter.

m Turn down the screen brightn ess (¤) whenever possible. At its brightest

level, the screen consumes about a third of the power your computer is using.

m Keep virtual memory turned off i n the Memory control panel. m If your computer has 8 MB of memory or more, you can use a RAM disk

as your startup disk to minimize hard disk use.

Chapter 6

m Quit any modem-related program as soon as you are finished using it. As

long as the program is open, your modem is consuming power even if you are not using th e modem.

m If you have a Duo 280 or 280c, use the Battery Reconditioning program

every 30 days.

m Keep screen dimming on in the PowerBook control panel. The lower

settings dim your screen automatically if you haven’t used the computer for a few minutes.

m Set the Battery Conservation slider in the PowerBook control panel at

Better Conservation. The rest of this section describ es these settings in detail.

Adjusting the Battery Conservation settings

The Battery Conser vation section of the PowerBook control panel gives you several ways to control your computer’s power consumption.

The easiest approach

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

panel. (Or use the Power Settings module in the Control Strip to open the PowerBook control panel.)

) menu, and open the PowerBook control

The PowerBook control panel opens in Easy View. You can also choose Custom View for more detailed options. See “Choosing Custom Options” later in th is chapter.

2 Drag the Battery Conservation slider to the setting you want.

Battery Conservation slider

Better Performance allows you to work with the fewest interruptions. If you can’t plug i n the computer, Better Conservation gives you more work time.

Power Management

3Close the PowerBook control panel.

If you don’t use the computer for several minutes (how many depends on which setting you choose), it goes to sleep without any action on your part.

To put the computer to sleep before automatic sleep takes effect, choose Sleep from the Special menu or use the Sleep Now module in the Control Strip.

To wake the com puter from sleep, press any key (except Caps Lock). Automatic sleep does not take effect under the following circumstances:

m AppleTalk is turn ed on in the Chooser and the power adapter is plugged in. m Your computer is connected to a shared disk on the network. m Your computer’s serial port is in use. m Your computer is docked i n Duo Dock or Duo Dock II.

More about auto matic s leep

The Battery Conservation slider controls three power conservation features: system sleep, screen dimming, and hard disk spin down.

m System sleep is a state in which your computer uses only the power it needs

to maintai n the contents of RAM (such as a ny open programs and documents, and various control panel settings). If you have a PowerBook Duo 280c, you’ll see a flashing green light above the display wh en the PowerBook is in sleep.

m Screen dimming saves battery power by automatically dimming the

backlight of your PowerBook’s display screen.

m Hard disk spin down stops your computer’s internal hard disk from spinning

when it isn’t being used. If the PowerBook is in sleep, the hard disk automatically spins down.

Notice there are five settings on the Battery Conser vation slider:

The five settings in the Battery Conservation slider indicate the time it takes for your computer to go to sleep, the screen to dim, and the hard disk to spin down.

Chapter 6

The time it takes for each feature to take effect depends on the settings you choose. If you drag the slider toward Better Conservation, it takes less time for the system to sleep, the hard disk to spin down, and the screen to dim.

The table indicates how the battery conservation settings correspond to the time before each power saving feature takes effect:

Minutes it takes if you choose

Conservation Performance

System sleeps 2 3 6 8 15 Hard disk spins down 1 2 3 6 8 Screen dims 1 2 3 4 5

Choosing Custom options

For more options that affect your computer’s power consumption, slide the switch to Custom in the PowerBook control pa nel.

Slide this switch to Custom view.

In Custom view, you have these additional conservation options. (However, reduced processor speed is not available on the PowerBook Duo 280 and 280c.)

Battery Conse rvation settings

The Battery Conservation slider works as described in the previous section. In Custom view, you can also use three individual sliders controlling system sleep, screen dimming, and hard disk spi nning down.

As you drag the Battery Conservation slider, the three individual sliders cha nge. Likewise, when you drag one of the three individual sliders, the Battery Conservation slider is affected.

Power Management

To us e th e sliders:

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

panel. (Or use the Power Settings module in the Control Strip to open the PowerBook

control panel.) 2Slide the switch to Custom. 3 Drag the sliders to choose the settings you want.

) menu, and open the PowerBook control

The battery conservation slider reflects the changes you make.

4Close the PowerBook control panel.

Processor cycling

If the computer is not doing anything for a few seconds, it reduces the speed

of its microprocessor. The microprocessor comes back up to speed

instantaneously when you resume work. This feature is called processor

cycling. Processor cycling conserves battery power. Your computer

automatically comes with processor cycling turned on, and it is highly

recommended that you work with processor cycling on.

Chapter 6

Note: Processor cycling does not occur wh en your PowerBook is docked in a

Duo Dock or Duo Dock II. See Chapter 8 for more information on Duo

docks.

In a few cases, processor cycling can cause programs to slow down. If a

program performs very slowly, you can turn off processor cycling temporarily.

Follow thes e steps.

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

panel. (Or use the Power Settings module in the Control Strip to open the PowerBook

control panel.) 2Slide the switch to Custom.

) menu, and open the PowerBook control

3Click the “Allow processor cycling” checkbox to remove the X.

This feature does not appear if your have a PowerBook Duo 280 or 280c.

4Close the PowerBook control panel.

To tur n pro cessor cycling back on, click the “Allow processor cycling” checkbox agai n.

IMPORTANT

To conser ve battery power, turn processor cycling off only when using programs that it interferes with. Turn processor cycling back on again as soon as possible.

Processor speed

The reduced processor speed feature appears in the PowerBook control panel if you have a PowerBook Duo 230. Reducing processor sp eed allows you to slow the computer’s microprocessor speed (from 33 to 16 MHz). Some programs may work more slowly, but you may gain up to 10–15 minutes of work time before you need to recharge the battery. (Th e amount of time you gain depends on how you are using th e computer.)

To slow the processor speed, follow these steps.

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

panel. (Or use the Power Settings module in the Control Strip to open the PowerBook control panel.)

2Slide the switch to Custom. 3Click the “Reduce processor speed” checkbox to select it.

) menu, and open the PowerBook control

4Choose Restart from the Special menu.

The computer runs at the lower microprocessor sp eed until you click the “Reduce processor speed” box again to remove the check and then restart the computer.

Power Management

Power conservation

Your PowerBook keeps track of what power source you are usi ng and can cha nge the p ower conservation settings to maximize battery conservation and performance for both the battery and the power adapter.

To ch ange t he power conservation settings, follow these steps:

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

panel. (Or use the Power Settings module in the Control Strip to open the PowerBook

control panel.) 2Slide the switch to Custom. 3If necessary, click the Auto button to select it.

) menu, and open the PowerBook control

When Auto is selected, the computer will automatically use the settings you

specify in step 5 whenever the selected power source is being used. (You can

temporarily override your settings by retur ning to the PowerBook control

panel and selecting Manual.)

4Choose the power source in the pop-up menu.

5 Drag the sliders to the settings you want for the selected power source.

To use the preset power conservation settings for the selected power source,

click D efault. See “Adjusting the Battery Conser vation Setti ngs” earlier in this

section for more help.

6Close the PowerBook control panel.

Chapter 6

Read this chapter for help using

custom options on your PowerBook

Duo and for tips on traveling and

storing your computer.

Customizi ng and Traveling With Your PowerBook

Customizing your PowerBook

There are several ways you can customize your PowerBook Duo to make your day-to-day work easier:

Reconnecting to shared disks

to connect to shared disks, the AutoRemounter control panel lets you reconnect automatically.

Using a RAM disk

When you create a RAM disk, its contents are saved in the System Folder when you shut down your PowerBook, and then copied back to the RAM disk the n ext time you turn the computer on.

Improving the pointer display

visible on the screen.

Printing later

to the network printer.

These features are describ ed in the next sections.

If you use your PowerBook Duo on a network

Usi ng a R AM disk saves you time and battery power.

You can set options to make th e pointer more

You can set up documents to print the next time you connect

Automatically reconnecting to shared disks

Your PowerBook disconnects from any shared disks it’s connected to when

you turn it off or restart it, or when it is in sleep. By using the

AutoRemounter, your PowerBook ca n reconnect to shared disks automatically

when you turn it back on (or wake it from sleep). I n addition, if you connect a

hard disk to your PowerBook while it’s in sleep, the hard disk appears on the

desktop when you wake it up.

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

panel.

2If you want to reconnect to shared disks only when you wake the computer from sleep,

click After Sleep.

) menu and open the AutoRemounter control

If you want to reconnect when you restart the computer as well as after sleep,

click Always.

3If you want the computer to ask for your password when you reconnect to shared disks,

click Always Entering Passwords. Otherwise click Automatically Remounting.

For better privacy and security, have your computer ask for your password

before reconnecting to shared disks.

4Close the AutoRemounter control panel.

Chapter 7

Setting up a RAM Disk

Usi ng a R AM disk saves power because it avoids using the PowerBook’s hard disk while you are running the PowerBook from its battery. Any files that are copied to the RAM disk are saved in the System Folder on the hard disk when you shut down your PowerBook. The next time you start up your PowerBook, the files are copied back to the RAM disk automatically. This feature is called

persistent RAM disk. It allows you to use your RAM disk without having to

rebuild it every time you restart your PowerBook. There are two ways to set up a RAM disk, depending on the amount of

memory in your computer. The first way allows you to keep application programs and files in RAM. The second way—for maximum battery conservation—allows you to use your RAM disk as the startup disk.

To set up a RAM disk, you need more than 4 MB of RAM in your computer.

If you have less than 8 MB of memory

If you have less than 8 MB of memory, set up a RAM disk that contains the applications and files you use most.

1 Create a folder called “RAM Disk Backup.” 2Put into the RAM Disk Backup folder your favorite application(s) and files you frequently

use.

Try to keep additions to this folder to a minimum.

3Select the RAM Disk Backup folder. Then choose Get Info from the File menu in the

Finder, find the size of your RAM Disk Backup folder, and close the Get Info window.

Yo u’ll need to remember the size of your RAM Disk Backup folder. Write it down if you need to.

4Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu and open the Memory control panel.

Customizing And Traveling With Your PowerBook

The Memory control pa nel appears.

5Click the On button under RAM Disk. 6 Drag the slider to set the percentage of memory to use for the RAM disk.

Adjust the size to fit the contents of your RAM Disk Backup folder. Make

sure you allocate enough RAM to fit the size of your folder, or you will have

to repeat this step.

Chapter 7

7Close the Memory control panel and restart your PowerBook.

A RAM Disk icon appears on your desktop.

8Copy the contents of your RAM Disk Backup folder to your RAM disk. 9See “Using the RAM Disk” later in this section.

IMPORTANT

When you need to turn off the computer, make sure you choose Shut Down from the Special menu. If you use the power switch to turn off your computer, you will lose the contents of the RAM disk.

If you have at least 8 MB of memory

If your PowerBook has 8 MB of memory or more, you can set up a RAM disk that contains the files needed to start up your PowerBook. This provides maximum battery conservation.

1Select the System Folder on your hard disk and choose Duplicate from the File menu

This creates a folder called “System Folder copy.”

2 Remove any extra extensions, fonts, and control panels you don’t use.

Make sure not to delete the files called Finder a nd System from the System Fold er co py, or the file called Assistant Toolbox from the Extensions folder in the System Folder.

3 Create a folder called “RAM Disk Backup.” 4Put the System Folder copy, your favorite application program or programs, and files

you frequently use into the RAM Disk Backup folder.

Try to keep additions to this folder to a minimum.

5Select the RAM Disk Backup folder. Then choose Get Info from the File menu in the

Finder, find the size of your RAM Disk Backup folder, and close the Get Info window.

6Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu and open the Memory control panel.

Customizing And Traveling With Your PowerBook

The Memory control pa nel appears.

7Click the On button under RAM Disk. 8 Drag the slider to set the percentage of memory to use for the RAM disk.

As you drag the slider, the number in the RAM Disk Size box changes. Make sure that the number (the amount of memory) is larger than the size of your RAMDisk Backup folder.

9Close the Memory control panel and restart your computer.

A RAM Disk icon appears on your desktop.

Chapter 7

10 Copy the contents of your RAM Disk Backup folder to your RAM disk. 11 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu and open the Startup Disk control

panel.

12 Select your RAM disk in the Startup Disk window and close the Startup Disk control

panel. 13 Choose Restart from the Special menu. 14 See “Using the RAM Disk” (the following section).

IMPORTANT

When you need to turn off the computer, make sure you choose Shut Down from the Special menu. If you use the power switch to turn off your computer, you will lose the contents of the RAM disk.

Customizing And Traveling With Your PowerBook

Using the RAM Disk

1 Start up the application programs and files on the RAM Disk while your PowerBook is

plugged into the power adapter.

Using the power adapter saves your battery.

2Put your PowerBook to sleep. 3Unplug the power adapter.

Your documents will be loaded into RAM when your PowerBook comes out of Sleep.

4While you are running your PowerBook off the battery, try to avoid using any files that

are not on the RAM Disk.

5When you save new files, save them to the RAM Disk.

Chapter 7

Improving pointer display

You may notice that the pointer sometimes disappears from your PowerBook’s screen when you move the pointer quickly. You can set your trackball (or external mo us e) to have “tracks” so you can always see the pointer on the screen. You do this in the Mouse control panel.

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu and open the Mouse control panel.

The following control panel appears:

2Click the mouse tracks length you want. 3 To display a thicker I-beam on your PowerBook, click the checkbox labeled “Thick I-

beam.”

This makes the I-beam more visible.

4Close the Mouse control panel.

Customizing And Traveling With Your PowerBook

Printing later

If you use a PostScript™laser printer (such as a Laserwriter Pro 600) on a

network, you can set up documents to print the next time you connect to the network printer.

1Choose Print in the application program you are using.

Click Print in the dialog box. The following dialog box appears:

2Click Print Later.

The next time you conn ect to an AppleTalk network, this document is printed.

Chapter 7

Traveling with the PowerBoo k

The safety instructions in the first part of this book also apply wh en you are traveling. In addition, note these precautions:

m Do not transport your PowerBook while it is turned on. Put your computer

to sl eep or shut it down before you move it.

m Transport batteries either inside the computer or in the protective case

provided. Do not transport unprotected batteries.

m Do not check your computer as baggage. Carry it with you. m Have security officials manually inspect your computer and disks if you do

not want to pass them through X-ray machines.

m Be prepared to show security officials that your computer is working. Have

a charged battery or a power adapter ready to use.

m Some airlines may restrict or prohibit the use of computers in flight. Ch eck

ahead to find out what restrictions, if any, apply.

m Take th e n ecessary plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas. (You may

need to use them with the power adapter.) You do not need a voltage transformer. The power adapter can handle 90 volts to 260 volts AC (48 Hz to 62 Hz).

Check the diagrams below to determine which plug adapters you’ll need, or ask your travel agent.

Outlet Type Locations

United States, Canada, parts of Latin America, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan

The former Soviet Union, most of Europe, parts of Latin America, the Middle East, parts of Africa, Hong Kong, India, most of South Asia

Mexico, United Kingdom, Ireland, Malaysia, Singapore, parts of Africa

China, Australia, New Zealand

Customizing And Traveling With Your PowerBook

Storing the PowerBook

1Save your work on a hard disk or floppy disks. 2Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 3Close the display. 4 Recharge the battery.

Be sure your battery is fully charged if you are taking the computer places where you cannot plug it i n.

5 Store the computer in a cool, dry place.

Storage temperatures should remain between 10°C and 40°C (between 50°F and 104°F). Avoid leaving the computer where temperatures may be extreme or unpredictable—in the trunk of a car, for example.

Service and support

If your computer is malfunctioni ng but does not appear to be physically damaged, shut it down (and leave the power adapter plugged i n, if possible) until you can get help.

If you know or suspect that your computer is physically damaged, disconnect the power adapter, remove the battery, and do not use the computer until it can be repaired.

See the service and support information that came with your computer for numbers to call for assistance.

Chapter 7

This chapter describes the options

available for expanding your

PowerBook Duo.

Building a PowerBook Duo System

You can expa nd your PowerBook Duo to give you more power and work options with accessories such as:

m the PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II m the PowerBook Duo Mi niDock m the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter

A brief overview of these accessories is in this chapter. Instr uctions for using them comes with each product. You can purchase any of these products from an Apple-authorized dealer.

The PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II

The PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II are the most versatile expansion options for the PowerBook Duo. A dock itself is not a computer—you need a PowerBook Duo to use it. When a PowerBook Duo is “docked” by inserting it into a Duo Dock, Duo Dock II or Duo MiniDock, you can have th e video, storage, and input/output capabilities available on most desktop Macintosh computers.

The drawing below shows one of many possible PowerBook Duo systems.

Duo Dock PowerBook Duo, inserted into the dock

The Duo Dock and Duo Dock II come with many built-in features; several optional features are also available. These features include:

m an internal 1. 4 MB floppy disk drive

Chapter 8

m an optional internal SCSI hard disk drive (any available capacity that meets

Apple’s specifications; up to 1 inch high)

m standard ports including SCSI (with an HDI-30 connector), monitor,

printer, modem, Apple Desktop Bus (ADB), sound input, and sound output. On the Duo Dock II or upgraded Duo Dock, an EtherTalk port is also provided.

m a separate mouse and keyboard m slot s for two NuBus cards for Ether n et, Token Ring, additional video, or

other capabilities. (Note that if you use two NuBus cards in your Duo Dock or Duo Dock II and you dock a PowerBook Duo 280 or 280c, the bottom of your PowerBook Duo may feel warm when you eject it from the dock. This is normal and will not harm your PowerBook Duo.)

m a math coprocessor (FPU) on the Duo Dock II or upgraded Duo Dock (a

socket for an optional math coprocessor is provided on the Duo Dock) if you are usi ng the dock with a PowerBook Duo 230

m built-in video support for the following monitors:

Macintosh 12" Monochrome Display Macintosh 12" RGB Display AppleColor High-Resolution RGB Monitor (13") Macintosh Color Display (14") Apple Macintosh Portrait Display (15") Macintosh 16" Color Display VGA monitors (requires MAC-VGA adapter) Super VGA (56 Hz) (requires MAC-VGA adapter) Macintosh Two-Page Display (Duo Dock II or upgraded Duo Dock only) Macintosh 21" Color Display (Duo Dock II or upgraded Duo Dock only) Apple 17" Multiple Scan Display (Duo Dock II or upgraded Duo Dock only) Apple 20" Multiple Scan Display (Duo Dock II or upgraded Duo Dock only)

m 1 MB VRAM for 16-bit color on color monitors 16" or less, 8-bit grayscale

on the Apple 15" por trait monitor and the Macintosh Two-Page Display, and 8-bit color on color monitors 17" or greater. (The Duo Dock requires a 512K VRAM SIMM expansion card for 16-bit color.)

m an automatic i nsert/eject feature to ensure reliable docking m a key-operated lock to prevent theft of th e docked PowerBook Duo m a 32K RAM cache function that automatically sp eeds up the perfor mance

of a docked PowerBook Duo by as much as 20 percent (T he RAM cache function is available only with a PowerBook Duo 230 computer do cked in either a Duo Dock II or an upgraded Duo Dock.)

m a slot door that protects the interior of your Duo Dock II when your

PowerBook is not docked

Building a PowerBook Duo System

The PowerBook Duo Mini Dock

≈

Sound input

Sound output

SCSI

[

Printer

™

MonitorV ADB

Floppy disk drive

Power adapter

Power button

Security slot

External modem

Internal modem

The PowerBook Duo MiniDock allows you to connect a wide variety of devices to the PowerBook. Like th e Duo Do ck, the Duo MiniDock with peripheral devices conn ected to it is not a computer—you need a PowerBook Duo to make th e system work.

The minidock attaches to the back of the PowerBook Duo and allows you to use the following types of equipment with your computer:

m any on e of these Apple monitors:

Chapter 8

m up to three Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) input devices (such as a keyboard or

mouse)

m an external 1.4 MB floppy disk drive m up to six SCSI devices including hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and

scanners

m a printer m an external modem m LocalTalk cables m external microphone, headphones, or sp eakers

Apple 280, 280C User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual