The CycloneTM field programmable gate array family is based on a 1.5-V,
0.13-µm, all-layer copper SRAM process, with densities up to 20,060 logic
elements (LEs) and up to 288 Kbits of RAM. With features like phaselocked loops (PLLs) for clocking and a dedicated double data rate (DDR)
interface to meet DDR SDRAM and fast cycle RAM (FCRAM) memory
requirements, Cyclone devices are a cost-effective solution for data-path
applications. Cyclone devices support various I/O standards, including
LVDS at data rates up to 311 megabits per second (Mbps) and 66-MHz,
32-bit peripheral component interconnect (PCI), for interfacing with and
supporting ASSP and ASIC devices. Altera also offers new low-cost serial
configuration devices to configure Cyclone devices.
■2,910 to 20,060 LEs, see Table 1
■Up to 294,912 RAM bits (36,864 bytes)
■Supports configuration through low-cost serial configuration device
■Support for LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL-2, and SSTL-3 I/O standards
■Support for 66-MHz, 32-bit PCI standard
■Low speed (311 Mbps) LVDS I/O support
■Up to two PLLs per device provide clock multiplication and phase
shifting
■Up to eight global clock lines with six clock resources available per
logic array block (LAB) row
■Support for external memory, including DDR SDRAM (133 MHz),
FCRAM, and single data rate (SDR) SDRAM
■Support for multiple intellectual property (IP) cores, including
MegaCore functions and Altera Megafunctions Partners
Altera
Program (AMPP
SM
) megafunctions
Table 1. Cyclone Device Features
FeatureEP1C3EP1C4EP1C6EP1C12EP1C20
LEs2,9104,0005,98012,06020,060
M4K RAM blocks (128 × 36bits)1317205264
Total RAM bits59,90478,33692,160239,616294,912
PLLs 12222
Maximum user I/O pins (1)104301185249301
Note to Table 1:
(1) This parameter includes global clock pins.
Altera Corporation 1
DS-CYCLONE-1.1
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Cyclone devices are available in quad flat pack (QFP) and space-saving
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Functional
Description
Cyclone devices contain a two-dimensional row- and column-based
architecture to implement custom logic. Column and row interconnects of
varying speeds provide signal interconnects between LABs and
embedded memory blocks.
The logic array consists of LABs, with 10 LEs in each LAB. An LE is a small
unit of logic providing efficient implementation of user logic functions.
LABs are grouped into rows and columns across the device. Cyclone
devices range between 2,910 to 20,060 LEs.
M4K RAM blocks are true dual-port memory blocks with 4K bits of
memory plus parity (4,608 bits). These blocks provide dedicated true
dual-port, simple dual-port, or single-port memory up to 36-bits wide at
up to 200 MHz. These blocks are grouped into columns across the device
in between certain LABs. Cyclone devices offer between 60 to 288 Kbits of
embedded RAM.
Each Cyclone device I/O pin is fed by an I/O element (IOE) located at the
ends of LAB rows and columns around the periphery of the device. I/O
pins support various single-ended and differential I/O standards, such as
the 66-MHz, 32-bit PCI standard and the LVDS I/O standard at up to
311 Mbps. Each IOE contains a bidirectional I/O buffer and three registers
for registering input, output, and output-enable signals. Dual-purpose
DQS, DQ, and DM pins along with delay chains (used to phase-align DDR
signals) provide interface support with external memory devices such as
DDR SDRAM, and FCRAM devices at up to 133 MHz (266 Mbps).
Cyclone devices provide a global clock network and up to two PLLs. The
global clock network consists of eight global clock lines that drive
throughout the entire device. The global clock network can provide clocks
for all resources within the device, such as IOEs, LEs, and memory blocks.
The global clock lines can also be used for control signals. Cyclone PLLs
provide general-purpose clocking with clock multiplication and phase
shifting as well as external outputs for high-speed differential I/O
support.
Figure 1 shows a diagram of the Cyclone EP1C12 device.
4Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 1. Cyclone EP1C12 Device Block Diagram
IOEs
Logic Array
PLL
M4K Blocks
EP1C12 Device
The number of M4K RAM blocks, PLLs, rows, and columns vary per
device. Table 4 lists the resources available in each Cyclone device.
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Logic Array
Blocks
Each LAB consists of 10 LEs, LE carry chains, LAB control signals, a local
interconnect, look-up table (LUT) chain, and register chain connection
lines. The local interconnect transfers signals between LEs in the same
LAB. LUT chain connections transfer the output of one LE’s LUT to the
adjacent LE for fast sequential LUT connections within the same LAB.
Register chain connections transfer the output of one LE’s register to the
adjacent LE’s register within an LAB. The Quartus
associated logic within an LAB or adjacent LABs, allowing the use of local,
LUT chain, and register chain connections for performance and area
efficiency. Figure 2 details the Cyclone LAB.
Figure 2. Cyclone LAB Structure
Direct link
interconnect from
adjacent block
Row Interconnect
®
II Compiler places
Column Interconnect
Direct link
interconnect from
adjacent block
Direct link
interconnect to
adjacent block
Local InterconnectLAB
Direct link
interconnect to
adjacent block
6Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
LAB Interconnects
The LAB local interconnect can drive LEs within the same LAB. The LAB
local interconnect is driven by column and row interconnects and LE
outputs within the same LAB. Neighboring LABs, PLLs, and M4K RAM
blocks from the left and right can also drive an LAB’s local interconnect
through the direct link connection. The direct link connection feature
minimizes the use of row and column interconnects, providing higher
performance and flexibility. Each LE can drive 30 other LEs through fast
local and direct link interconnects. Figure 3 shows the direct link
connection.
Figure 3. Direct Link Connection
Direct link interconnect from
left LAB, M4K memory
block, PLL, or IOE output
Direct link interconnect from
right LAB, M4K memory
block, PLL, or IOE output
Direct link
interconnect
to left
Local
Interconnect
Direct link
interconnect
to right
LAB
LAB Control Signals
Each LAB contains dedicated logic for driving control signals to its LEs.
The control signals include two clocks, two clock enables, two
asynchronous clears, synchronous clear, asynchronous preset/load,
synchronous load, and add/subtract control signals. This gives a
maximum of 10 control signals at a time. Although synchronous load and
clear signals are generally used when implementing counters, they can
also be used with other functions.
Altera Corporation 7
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Each LAB can use two clocks and two clock enable signals. Each LAB’s
clock and clock enable signals are linked. For example, any LE in a
particular LAB using the labclk1 signal will also use labclkena1. If
the LAB uses both the rising and falling edges of a clock, it also uses both
LAB-wide clock signals. De-asserting the clock enable signal will turn off
the LAB-wide clock.
Each LAB can use two asynchronous clear signals and an asynchronous
load/preset signal. The asynchronous load acts as a preset when the
asynchronous load data input is tied high.
With the LAB-wide addnsub control signal, a single LE can implement a
one-bit adder and subtractor. This saves LE resources and improves
performance for logic functions such as DSP correlators and signed
multipliers that alternate between addition and subtraction depending on
data.
The LAB row clocks [5..0] and LAB local interconnect generate the LABwide control signals. The MultiTrack
allows clock and control signal distribution in addition to data. Figure 4
shows the LAB control signal generation circuit.
Figure 4. LAB-Wide Control Signals
Dedicated
LAB Row
Clocks
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
6
labclkena1
TM
interconnect’s inherent low skew
labclkena2
labclk2labclk1
asyncload
or labpre
syncload
labclr1
labclr2
addnsub
synclr
8Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Logic Elements
Figure 5. Cyclone LE
LAB Carry-In
addnsub
data1
data2
data3
data4
labclr1
labclr2
labpre/aload
Chip-Wide
Reset
labclk1
labclk2
Carry-In1
Carry-In0
Asynchronous
Clear/Preset/
Load Logic
Clock &
Clock Enable
Select
The smallest unit of logic in the Cyclone architecture, the LE, is compact
and provides advanced features with efficient logic utilization. Each LE
contains a four-input LUT, which is a function generator that can
implement any function of four variables. In addition, each LE contains a
programmable register and carry chain with carry select capability. A
single LE also supports dynamic single bit addition or subtraction mode
selectable by an LAB-wide control signal. Each LE drives all types of
interconnects: local, row, column, LUT chain, register chain, and direct
link interconnects. See Figure 5.
Register chain
routing from
Look-Up
Tabl e
(LUT)
Carry
Chain
previous LE
LAB-wide
Synchronous
Load
Synchronous
Synchronous
Load and
Clear Logic
LAB-wide
Clear
Register Bypass
Packed
Register Select
PRN/ALD
D
ADATA
ENA
CLRN
Register
Feedback
Programmable
Register
LUT chain
routing to next LE
Row, column,
Q
and direct link
routing
Row, column,
and direct link
routing
Local Routing
Register chain
output
labclkena1
labclkena2
Carry-Out0
Carry-Out1
LAB Carry-Out
Altera Corporation 9
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Each LE’s programmable register can be configured for D, T, JK, or SR
operation. Each register has data, true asynchronous load data, clock,
clock enable, clear, and asynchronous load/preset inputs. Global signals,
general-purpose I/O pins, or any internal logic can drive the register’s
clock and clear control signals. Either general-purpose I/O pins or
internal logic can drive the clock enable, preset, asynchronous load, and
asynchronous data. The asynchronous load data input comes from the
data3 input of the LE. For combinatorial functions, the LUT output
bypasses the register and drives directly to the LE outputs.
Each LE has three outputs that drive the local, row, and column routing
resources. The LUT or register output can drive these three outputs
independently. Two LE outputs drive column or row and direct link
routing connections and one drives local interconnect resources. This
allows the LUT to drive one output while the register drives another
output. This feature, called register packing, improves device utilization
because the device can use the register and the LUT for unrelated
functions. Another special packing mode allows the register output to
feed back into the LUT of the same LE so that the register is packed with
its own fan-out LUT. This provides another mechanism for improved
fitting. The LE can also drive out registered and unregistered versions of
the LUT output.
LUT Chain & Register Chain
In addition to the three general routing outputs, the LEs within an LAB
have LUT chain and register chain outputs. LUT chain connections allow
LUTs within the same LAB to cascade together for wide input functions.
Register chain outputs allow registers within the same LAB to cascade
together. The register chain output allows an LAB to use LUTs for a single
combinatorial function and the registers to be used for an unrelated shift
register implementation. These resources speed up connections between
LABs while saving local interconnect resources. See “MultiTrack
Interconnect” on page 17 for more information on LUT chain and register
chain connections.
10Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
addnsub Signal
The LE’s dynamic adder/subtractor feature saves logic resources by using
one set of LEs to implement both an adder and a subtractor. This feature
is controlled by the LAB-wide control signal addnsub. The addnsub
signal sets the LAB to perform either A + B or A − B. The LUT computes
addition; subtraction is computed by adding the two’s complement of the
intended subtractor. The LAB-wide signal converts to two’s complement
by inverting the B bits within the LAB and setting carry-in = 1 to add one
to the least significant bit (LSB). The LSB of an adder/subtractor must be
placed in the first LE of the LAB, where the LAB-wide addnsub signal
automatically sets the carry-in to 1. The Quartus II Compiler
automatically places and uses the adder/subtractor feature when using
adder/subtractor parameterized functions.
LE Operating Modes
The Cyclone LE can operate in one of the following modes:
■Normal mode
■Dynamic arithmetic mode
Each mode uses LE resources differently. In each mode, eight available
inputs to the LEthe four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect,
carry-in0 and carry-in1 from the previous LE, the LAB carry-in
from the previous carry-chain LAB, and the register chain
connectionare directed to different destinations to implement the
desired logic function. LAB-wide signals provide clock, asynchronous
clear, asynchronous preset/load, synchronous clear, synchronous load,
and clock enable control for the register. These LAB-wide signals are
available in all LE modes. The addnsub control signal is allowed in
arithmetic mode.
The Quartus II software, in conjunction with parameterized functions
such as library of parameterized modules (LPM) functions, automatically
chooses the appropriate mode for common functions such as counters,
adders, subtractors, and arithmetic functions. If required, the designer can
also create special-purpose functions that specify which LE operating
mode to use for optimal performance.
Altera Corporation 11
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Normal Mode
The normal mode is suitable for general logic applications and
combinatorial functions. In normal mode, four data inputs from the LAB
local interconnect are inputs to a four-input LUT (see Figure 6). The
Quartus II Compiler automatically selects the carry-in or the data3 signal
as one of the inputs to the LUT. Each LE can use LUT chain connections to
drive its combinatorial output directly to the next LE in the LAB.
Asynchronous load data for the register comes from the data3 input of
the LE. LEs in normal mode support packed registers.
Figure 6. LE in Normal Mode
aload
(LAB Wide)
Register chain
connection
sload
(LAB Wide)
sclear
(LAB Wide)
addnsub (LAB Wide)
(1)
data1
data2
data3
cin (from cout
of previous LE)
data4
4-Input
LUT
Register Feedback
clock (LAB Wide)
ena (LAB Wide)
aclr (LAB Wide)
ALD/PRE
ADATA
D
ENA
CLRN
Q
Note to Figure 6:
(1) This signal is only allowed in normal mode if the LE is at the end of an adder/subtractor chain.
Row, column, and
direct link routing
Row, column, and
direct link routing
Local routing
LUT chain
connection
Register
chain output
12Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Dynamic Arithmetic Mode
The dynamic arithmetic mode is ideal for implementing adders, counters,
accumulators, wide parity functions, and comparators. An LE in dynamic
arithmetic mode uses four 2-input LUTs configurable as a dynamic
adder/subtractor. The first two 2-input LUTs compute two summations
based on a possible carry-in of 1 or 0; the other two LUTs generate carry
outputs for the two chains of the carry select circuitry. As shown in
Figure 7, the LAB carry-in signal selects either the carry-in0 or
carry-in1 chain. The selected chain’s logic level in turn determines
which parallel sum is generated as a combinatorial or registered output.
For example, when implementing an adder, the sum output is the
selection of two possible calculated sums:
The other two LUTs use the data1 and data2 signals to generate two
possible carry-out signalsone for a carry of 1 and the other for a carry of
0. The carry-in0 signal acts as the carry select for the carry-out0
output and carry-in1 acts as the carry select for the carry-out1
output. LEs in arithmetic mode can drive out registered and unregistered
versions of the LUT output.
The dynamic arithmetic mode also offers clock enable, counter enable,
synchronous up/down control, synchronous clear, synchronous load,
and dynamic adder/subtractor options. The LAB local interconnect data
inputs generate the counter enable and synchronous up/down control
signals. The synchronous clear and synchronous load options are LABwide signals that affect all registers in the LAB. The Quartus II software
automatically places any registers that are not used by the counter into
other LABs. The addnsub LAB-wide signal controls whether the LE acts
as an adder or subtractor.
Altera Corporation 13
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Figure 7. LE in Dynamic Arithmetic Mode
LAB Carry-In
Carry-In0
Carry-In1
addnsub
(LAB Wide)
sload
Register chain
connection
(1)
(LAB Wide)
sclear
(LAB Wide)
aload
(LAB Wide)
data1
data2
data3
LUT
LUT
LUT
LUT
clock (LAB Wide)
ena (LAB Wide)
aclr (LAB Wide)
Register Feedback
Carry-Out1Carry-Out0
ALD/PRE
ADATA
D
ENA
CLRN
Note to Figure 7:
(1) The addnsub signal is tied to the carry input for the first LE of a carry chain only.
Carry-Select Chain
The carry-select chain provides a very fast carry-select function between
LEs in dynamic arithmetic mode. The carry-select chain uses the
redundant carry calculation to increase the speed of carry functions. The
LE is configured to calculate outputs for a possible carry-in of 0 and carryin of 1 in parallel. The carry-in0 and carry-in1 signals from a lower-
order bit feed forward into the higher-order bit via the parallel carry chain
and feed into both the LUT and the next portion of the carry chain. Carryselect chains can begin in any LE within an LAB.
Q
Row, column, and
direct link routing
Row, column, and
direct link routing
Local routing
LUT chain
connection
Register
chain output
The speed advantage of the carry-select chain is in the parallel precomputation of carry chains. Since the LAB carry-in selects the
precomputed carry chain, not every LE is in the critical path. Only the
propagation delays between LAB carry-in generation (LE 5 and LE 10) are
now part of the critical path. This feature allows the Cyclone architecture
to implement high-speed counters, adders, multipliers, parity functions,
and comparators of arbitrary width.
14Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 8 shows the carry-select circuitry in an LAB for a 10-bit full adder.
One portion of the LUT generates the sum of two bits using the input
signals and the appropriate carry-in bit; the sum is routed to the output of
the LE. The register can be bypassed for simple adders or used for
accumulator functions. Another portion of the LUT generates carry-out
bits. An LAB-wide carry-in bit selects which chain is used for the addition
of given inputs. The carry-in signal for each chain, carry-in0 or carry-in1, selects the carry-out to carry forward to the carry-in signal of
the next-higher-order bit. The final carry-out signal is routed to an LE,
where it is fed to local, row, or column interconnects.
Altera Corporation 15
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Figure 8. Carry Select Chain
LAB Carry-In
A1
B1
A2
B2
A3
B3
A4
B4
A5
B5
A6
B6
A7
B7
A8
B8
A9
B9
01
LE1
LE2
LE3
LE4
LE5
01
LE6
LE7
LE8
LE9
Sum1
Sum2
Sum3
Sum4
Sum5
Sum6
Sum7
Sum8
Sum9
LAB Carry-In
Carry-In0
Carry-In1
data1
data2
LUT
Sum
LUT
LUT
LUT
Carry-Out0Carry-Out1
A10
B10
LAB Carry-Out
LE10
Sum10
The Quartus II Compiler automatically creates carry chain logic during
design processing, or the designer can create it manually during design
entry. Parameterized functions such as LPM functions automatically take
advantage of carry chains for the appropriate functions.
The Quartus II Compiler creates carry chains longer than 10 LEs by
linking LABs together automatically. For enhanced fitting, a long carry
chain runs vertically allowing fast horizontal connections to M4K
memory blocks. A carry chain can continue as far as a full column.
16Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Clear & Preset Logic Control
LAB-wide signals control the logic for the register’s clear and preset
signals. The LE directly supports an asynchronous clear and preset
function. The register preset is achieved through the asynchronous load of
a logic high. The direct asynchronous preset does not require a NOT-gate
push-back technique. Cyclone devices support simultaneous preset/
asynchronous load and clear signals. An asynchronous clear signal takes
precedence if both signals are asserted simultaneously. Each LAB
supports up to two clears and one preset signal.
In addition to the clear and preset ports, Cyclone devices provide a chipwide reset pin (DEV_CLRn) that resets all registers in the device. An option
set before compilation in the Quartus II software controls this pin. This
chip-wide reset overrides all other control signals.
MultiTrack
Interconnect
In the Cyclone architecture, connections between LEs, M4K memory
blocks, and device I/O pins are provided by the MultiTrack interconnect
structure with DirectDrive
consists of continuous, performance-optimized routing lines of different
speeds used for inter- and intra-design block connectivity. The Quartus II
Compiler automatically places critical design paths on faster
interconnects to improve design performance.
DirectDrive technology is a deterministic routing technology that ensures
identical routing resource usage for any function regardless of placement
within the device. The MultiTrack interconnect and DirectDrive
technology simplify the integration stage of block-based designing by
eliminating the re-optimization cycles that typically follow design
changes and additions.
The MultiTrack interconnect consists of row and column interconnects
that span fixed distances. A routing structure with fixed length resources
for all devices allows predictable and repeatable performance when
migrating through different device densities. Dedicated row
interconnects route signals to and from LABs, PLLs, and M4K memory
blocks within the same row. These row resources include:
■Direct link interconnects between LABs and adjacent blocks
■R4 interconnects traversing four blocks to the right or left
The direct link interconnect allows an LAB or M4K memory block to drive
into the local interconnect of its left and right neighbors. Only one side of
a PLL block interfaces with direct link and row interconnects. The direct
link interconnect provides fast communication between adjacent LABs
and/or blocks without using row interconnect resources.
TM
technology. The MultiTrack interconnect
Altera Corporation 17
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
The R4 interconnects span four LABs, or two LABs and one M4K RAM
block. These resources are used for fast row connections in a four-LAB
region. Every LAB has its own set of R4 interconnects to drive either left
or right. Figure 9 shows R4 interconnect connections from an LAB. R4
interconnects can drive and be driven by M4K memory blocks, PLLs, and
row IOEs. For LAB interfacing, a primary LAB or LAB neighbor can drive
a given R4 interconnect. For R4 interconnects that drive to the right, the
primary LAB and right neighbor can drive on to the interconnect. For R4
interconnects that drive to the left, the primary LAB and its left neighbor
can drive on to the interconnect. R4 interconnects can drive other R4
interconnects to extend the range of LABs they can drive. R4 interconnects
can also drive C4 interconnects for connections from one row to another.
Figure 9. R4 Interconnect Connections
R4 Interconnect
Driving Left
Adjacent LAB can
Drive onto Another
LAB's R4 Interconnect
C4 Column Interconnects (1)
R4 Interconnect
Driving Right
LAB
Neighbor
Primary
LAB (2)
LAB
Neighbor
Notes to Figure 9:
(1) C4 interconnects can drive R4 interconnects.
(2) This pattern is repeated for every LAB in the LAB row.
The column interconnect operates similarly to the row interconnect. Each
column of LABs is served by a dedicated column interconnect, which
vertically routes signals to and from LABs, M4K memory blocks, and row
and column IOEs. These column resources include:
■LUT chain interconnects within an LAB
■Register chain interconnects within an LAB
■C4 interconnects traversing a distance of four blocks in an up and
down direction
18Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Cyclone devices include an enhanced interconnect structure within LABs
for routing LE output to LE input connections faster using LUT chain
connections and register chain connections. The LUT chain connection
allows the combinatorial output of an LE to directly drive the fast input of
the LE right below it, bypassing the local interconnect. These resources
can be used as a high-speed connection for wide fan-in functions from LE
1 to LE 10 in the same LAB. The register chain connection allows the
register output of one LE to connect directly to the register input of the
next LE in the LAB for fast shift registers. The Quartus II Compiler
automatically takes advantage of these resources to improve utilization
and performance. Figure 10 shows the LUT chain and register chain
interconnects.
Altera Corporation 19
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Register Chain
Routing to Adjacen
LE's Register Input
The C4 interconnects span four LABs or M4K blocks up or down from a
source LAB. Every LAB has its own set of C4 interconnects to drive either
up or down. Figure 11 shows the C4 interconnect connections from an
LAB in a column. The C4 interconnects can drive and be driven by all
types of architecture blocks, including PLLs, M4K memory blocks, and
column and row IOEs. For LAB interconnection, a primary LAB or its LAB
neighbor can drive a given C4 interconnect. C4 interconnects can drive
each other to extend their range as well as drive row interconnects for
column-to-column connections.
20Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
4
Figure 11. C4 Interconnect ConnectionsNote (1)
C4 Interconnect
Drives Local and R
Interconnects
Up to Four Rows
C4 Interconnect
Driving Up
LAB
Row
Interconnect
Adjacent LAB can
drive onto neighboring
LAB's C4 interconnect
Local
Interconnect
C4 Interconnect
Driving Down
Note to Figure 11:
(1) Each C4 interconnect can drive either up or down four rows.
Altera Corporation 21
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
All embedded blocks communicate with the logic array similar to LAB-toLAB interfaces. Each block (i.e., M4K memory or PLL) connects to row
and column interconnects and has local interconnect regions driven by
row and column interconnects. These blocks also have direct link
interconnects for fast connections to and from a neighboring LAB.
Table 5 shows the Cyclone device’s routing scheme.
Table 5. Cyclone Device Routing Scheme
SourceDestination
LUT Chain
Register Chain
Local Interconnect
Direct Link Interconnect
R4 Interconnect
C4 Interconnect
LE
M4K RAM Block
PLL
Column IOE
Row IOE
LUT Chain
Regis ter Chain
Local Interconnect
Direct Link
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Embedded
Memory
The Cyclone embedded memory consists of columns of M4K memory
blocks. EP1C3 and EP1C6 devices have one column of M4K blocks, while
EP1C12 and EP1C20 devices have two columns (see Table 1 on page 1 for
total RAM bits per density). Each M4K block can implement various types
of memory with or without parity, including true dual-port, simple dualport, and single-port RAM, ROM, and FIFO buffers. The M4K blocks
support the following features:
■4,608 RAM bits
■200 MHz performance
■True dual-port memory
■Simple dual-port memory
■Single-port memory
■Byte enable
■Parity bits
■Shift register
■FIFO buffer
■ROM
■Mixed clock mode
Memory Modes
The M4K memory blocks include input registers that synchronize writes
and output registers to pipeline designs and improve system
performance. M4K blocks offer a true dual-port mode to support any
combination of two-port operations: two reads, two writes, or one read
and one write at two different clock frequencies. Figure 12 shows true
dual-port memory.
Figure 12. True Dual-Port Memory Configuration
AB
dataA[ ]
address
wren
A
clock
clocken
qA[ ]
aclr
A
[ ]
A
A
A
dataB[ ]
address
wren
clockB
clocken
qB[ ]
aclr
[ ]
B
B
B
B
In addition to true dual-port memory, the M4K memory blocks support
simple dual-port and single-port RAM. Simple dual-port memory
supports a simultaneous read and write. Single-port memory supports
non-simultaneous reads and writes. Figure 13 shows these different M4K
RAM memory port configurations.
Altera Corporation 23
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
(1) Two single-port memory blocks can be implemented in a single M4K block as long
as each of the two independent block sizes is equal to or less than half of the M4K
block size.
The memory blocks also enable mixed-width data ports for reading and
writing to the RAM ports in dual-port RAM configuration. For example,
the memory block can be written in ×1 mode at port A and read out in ×16
mode from port B.
The Cyclone memory architecture can implement fully synchronous RAM
by registering both the input and output signals to the M4K RAM block.
All M4K memory block inputs are registered, providing synchronous
write cycles. In synchronous operation, the memory block generates its
own self-timed strobe write enable (wren) signal derived from a global
clock. In contrast, a circuit using asynchronous RAM must generate the
RAM wren signal while ensuring its data and address signals meet setup
and hold time specifications relative to the wren signal. The output
registers can be bypassed. Pseudo-asynchronous reading is possible in the
simple dual-port mode of M4K blocks by clocking the read enable and
read address registers on the negative clock edge and bypassing the
output registers.
24Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
When configured as RAM or ROM, the designer can use an initialization
file to pre-load the memory contents.
Two single-port memory blocks can be implemented in a single M4K
block as long as each of the two independent block sizes is equal to or less
than half of the M4K block size.
The Quartus II software automatically implements larger memory by
combining multiple M4K memory blocks. For example, two 256 × 16-bit
RAM blocks can be combined to form a 256 × 32-bit RAM block. Memory
performance does not degrade for memory blocks using the maximum
number of words allowed. Logical memory blocks using less than the
maximum number of words use physical blocks in parallel, eliminating
any external control logic that would increase delays. To create a larger
high-speed memory block, the Quartus II software automatically
combines memory blocks with LE control logic.
Parity Bit Support
The M4K blocks support a parity bit for each byte. The parity bit, along
with internal LE logic, can implement parity checking for error detection
to ensure data integrity. Designers can also use parity-size data words to
store user-specified control bits. Byte enables are also available for data
input masking during write operations.
Shift Register Support
The designer can configure M4K memory blocks to implement shift
registers for DSP applications such as pseudo-random number
generators, multi-channel filtering, auto-correlation, and cross-correlation
functions. These and other DSP applications require local data storage,
traditionally implemented with standard flip-flops, which can quickly
consume many logic cells and routing resources for large shift registers. A
more efficient alternative is to use embedded memory as a shift register
block, which saves logic cell and routing resources and provides a more
efficient implementation with the dedicated circuitry.
The size of a w × m × n shift register is determined by the input data width
(w), the length of the taps (m), and the number of taps (n). The size of a
w × m×n shift register must be less than or equal to the maximum number
of memory bits in the M4K block (4,608 bits). The total number of shift
register outputs (number of taps n × width w) must be less than the
maximum data width of the M4K RAM block (×36). To create larger shift
registers, multiple memory blocks are cascaded together.
Altera Corporation 25
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
r
Data is written into each address location at the falling edge of the clock
and read from the address at the rising edge of the clock. The shift register
mode logic automatically controls the positive and negative edge clocking
to shift the data in one clock cycle. Figure 14 shows the M4K memory
block in the shift register mode.
Figure 14. Shift Register Memory Configuration
× m × n Shift Register
w
m
-Bit Shift Register
ww
m
-Bit Shift Register
w
w
n Numbe
of Taps
m
-Bit Shift Register
w
w
m
-Bit Shift Register
w
w
26Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Memory Configuration Sizes
The memory address depths and output widths can be configured as
bits), and 128 x 32 (or 128 x 36 bits). The 128 x 32- or 36-bit configuration
is not available in the true dual-port mode. Mixed-width configurations
are also possible, allowing different read and write widths. Tables 6 and 7
summarize the possible M4K RAM block configurations.
When the M4K RAM block is configured as a shift register block, the
designer can create a shift register up to 4,608 bits (w × m × n).
Altera Corporation 27
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Byte Enables
M4K blocks support byte writes when the write port has a data width of
16, 18, 32, or 36 bits. The byte enables allow the input data to be masked
so the device can write to specific bytes. The unwritten bytes retain the
previous written value. Table 8 summarizes the byte selection.
(1) Any combination of byte enables is possible.
(2) Byte enables can be used in the same manner with 8-bit words, i.e., in ×16 and ×32
modes.
Control Signals & M4K Interface
The M4K blocks allow for different clocks on their inputs and outputs.
Either of the two clocks feeding the block can clock M4K block registers
(renwe, address, byte enable, datain, and output registers). Only the
output register can be bypassed. The six labclk signals or local
interconnects can drive the control signals for the A and B ports of the
M4K block. LEs can also control the clock_a, clock_b, renwe_a, renwe_b, clr_a, clr_b, clocken_a, and clocken_b signals, as
shown in Figure 15.
The R4, C4, and direct link interconnects from adjacent LABs drive the
M4K block local interconnect. The M4K blocks can communicate with
LABs on either the left or right side through these row resources or with
LAB columns on either the right or left with the column resources. Up to
10 direct link input connections to the M4K block are possible from the left
adjacent LABs and another 10 possible from the right adjacent LAB. M4K
block outputs can also connect to left and right LABs through 10 direct
link interconnects each. Figure 16 shows the M4K block to logic array
interface.
28Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 15. M4K RAM Block Control Signals
Dedicated
LAB Row
Clocks
Local
Interconnect
6
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
clocken_a
renwe_aclock_a
Figure 16. M4K RAM Block LAB Row Interface
C4 Interconnects
Direct link
interconnect
to adjacent LAB
Direct link
interconnect
from adjacent LAB
10
alcr_a
M4K RAM
Block
Byte enable
Clocks
alcr_b
dataout
Control
Signals
renwe_b
clocken_b
clock_b
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
R4 Interconnects
Direct link
interconnect
to adjacent LAB
Direct link
interconnect
from adjacent LAB
datainaddress
6
M4K RAM Block Local
LAB Row Clocks
Interconnect Region
Altera Corporation 29
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Independent Clock Mode
The M4K memory blocks implement independent clock mode for true
dual-port memory. In this mode, a separate clock is available for each port
(ports A and B). Clock A controls all registers on the port A side, while
clock B controls all registers on the port B side. Each port, A and B, also
supports independent clock enables and asynchronous clear signals for
port A and B registers. Figure 17 shows an M4K memory block in
independent clock mode.
Figure 17. Independent Clock ModeNote (1)
6 LAB Row Clocks
dataA[ ]
byteenaA[ ]
address
wren
clken
clock
6
[ ]
A
A
A
A
D
Q
ENA
D
Q
ENA
D
Q
ENA
D
ENA
Write
Q
Pulse
Generator
AB
Data In
Byte Enable A
Address A
Write/Read
Enable
Data Out
D
Q
ENA
Note to Figure 17:
(1) All registers shown have asynchronous clear ports.
Input/Output Clock Mode
Input/output clock mode can be implemented for both the true and
simple dual-port memory modes. On each of the two ports, A or B, one
clock controls all registers for inputs into the memory block: data input,
wren, and address. The other clock controls the block’s data output
registers. Each memory block port, A or B, also supports independent
clock enables and asynchronous clear signals for input and output
registers. Figures 18 and 19 show the memory block in input/output clock
mode.
Memory Block
256 ´ 16 (2)
512 ´ 8
1,024 ´ 4
2,048 ´ 2
4,096 ´ 1
qA[ ]
qB[ ]
Data In
Byte Enable B
Address B
Write/Read
Enable
Data Out
6
DQ
ENA
DQ
ENA
DQ
ENA
Write
Pulse
Generator
DQ
ENA
DQ
ENA
dataB[ ]
byteenaB[ ]
address
wren
B
clken
B
clock
B
[ ]
B
30Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 18. Input/Output Clock Mode in True Dual-Port ModeNote (1)
6 LAB Row Clocks
dataA[ ]
byteenaA[ ]
6
D
Q
ENA
D
Q
ENA
Memory Block
AB
Data In
Byte Enable A
256 × 16
512 × 8
1,024 × 4
2,048 × 2
4,096 × 1
(2)
Byte Enable B
Data In
DQ
ENA
DQ
ENA
6
dataB[ ]
byteenaB[ ]
[ ]
address
wren
clken
clock
A
A
A
A
D
Q
ENA
D
ENA
Write
Q
Pulse
Generator
Address A
Write/Read
Enable
Data Out
D
Q
ENA
Note to Figure 18:
(1) All registers shown have asynchronous clear ports.
qA[ ]
qB[ ]
Address B
Write/Read
Enable
Data Out
[ ]
DQ
ENA
Write
Pulse
Generator
DQ
ENA
DQ
ENA
address
wren
clken
clock
B
B
B
B
Altera Corporation 31
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Figure 19. Input/Output Clock Mode in Simple Dual-Port ModeNote (1)
6 LAB Row
Clocks
Memory Block
Data In
256 ´ 16
512 ´ 8
1,024 ´ 4
2,048 ´ 2
4,096 ´ 1
data[ ]
6
D
Q
ENA
address[ ]
byteena[ ]
wraddress[ ]
rden
wren
outclken
inclken
inclock
outclock
D
ENA
D
ENA
D
ENA
D
ENA
D
ENA
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Write
Pulse
Generator
Read Address
Data Out
Byte Enable
Write Address
Read Enable
Write Enable
Note to Figures 19:
(1) All registers shown except the rden register have asynchronous clear ports.
D
ENA
To MultiTrack
Q
Interconnect
Read/Write Clock Mode
The M4K memory blocks implement read/write clock mode for simple
dual-port memory. The designer can use up to two clocks in this mode.
The write clock controls the block’s data inputs, wraddress, and wren.
The read clock controls the data output, rdaddress, and rden. The
memory blocks support independent clock enables for each clock and
asynchronous clear signals for the read- and write-side registers.
Figure 20 shows a memory block in read/write clock mode.
32Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 20. Read/Write Clock Mode in Simple Dual-Port ModeNote (1)
6 LAB Row
data[ ]
address[ ]
Clocks
6
D
ENA
D
ENA
Q
Q
Memory Block
256 × 16
512 × 8
1,024 × 4
Data In
2,048 × 2
4,096 × 1
Data Out
Read Address
D
ENA
To MultiTrack
Q
Interconnect
wraddress[ ]
byteena[ ]
rden
wren
rdclken
wrclken
wrclock
rdclock
D
ENA
D
ENA
D
ENA
D
ENA
Q
Q
Q
Q
Write
Pulse
Generator
Write Address
Byte Enable
Read Enable
Write Enable
Note to Figure 20:
(1) All registers shown except the rden register have asynchronous clear ports.
Single-Port Mode
The M4K memory blocks also support single-port mode, used when
simultaneous reads and writes are not required. See Figure 21. A single
M4K memory block can support up to two single-port mode RAM blocks
if each RAM block is less than or equal to 2K bits in size.
Altera Corporation 33
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Figure 21. Single-Port Mode
6 LAB Row
Clocks
6
data[ ]
address[ ]
wren
outclken
inclken
inclock
outclock
Global Clock
Network &
Phase-Locked
Loops
RAM/ROM
256 × 16
512 × 8
D
ENA
D
ENA
Q
D
Q
ENA
Q
Write
Pulse
Generator
1,024 × 4
Data In
2,048 × 2
4,096 × 1
Data Out
Address
Write Enable
D
ENA
To MultiTrack
Q
Interconnect
Cyclone devices provide a global clock network and up to two PLLs for a
complete clock management solution.
Global Clock Network
There are four dedicated clock pins (CLK[3..0], two pins on the left side
and two pins on the right side) that drive the global clock network, as
shown in Figure 22. PLL outputs, logic array, and dual-purpose clock
(DPCLK[7..0]) pins can also drive the global clock network.
The eight global clock lines in the global clock network drive throughout
the entire device. The global clock network can provide clocks for all
resources within the deviceIOEs, LEs, and memory blocks. The global
clock lines can also be used for control signals, such as clock enables and
synchronous or asynchronous clears fed from the external pin, or DQS
signals for DDR SDRAM or FCRAM interfaces. Internal logic can also
drive the global clock network for internally generated global clocks and
asynchronous clears, clock enables, or other control signals with large
fanout. Figure 22 shows the various sources that drive the global clock
network.
34Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 22. Global Clock GenerationNote (1)
DPCLK2DPCLK3
DPCLK1
CLK0
CLK1
DPCLK0
(3)
Cyclone Device
PLL1
8
From logic
array
44
2
DPCLK7DPCLK6
4
From logic
4
array
Global Clock
Network
PLL2
2
(2)
DPCLK4
CLK2
CLK3
DPCLK5
(3)
Notes to Figure 22:
(1) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package has five DPCLK pins (DPCLK2, DPCLK3, DPCLK4, DPCLK6, and
DPCLK7).
(2) EP1C3 devices only contain one PLL (PLL 1).
(3) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package does not have dedicated clock pins CLK1 and CLK3.
Altera Corporation 35
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Dual-Purpose Clock Pins
Each Cyclone device except the EP1C3 device has eight dual-purpose
clock pins, DPCLK[7..0] (two on each I/O bank). EP1C3 devices have
five DPCLK pins in the 100-pin TQFP package. These dual-purpose pins
can connect to the global clock network (see Figure 22) for high-fanout
control signals such as clocks, asynchronous clears, presets, and clock
enables, or protocol control signals such as TRDY and IRDY for PCI, or
DQS signals for external memory interfaces.
Combined Resources
Each Cyclone device contains eight distinct dedicated clocking resources.
The device uses multiplexers with these clocks to form six-bit buses to
drive LAB row clocks, column IOE clocks, or row IOE clocks. See
Figure 23. Another multiplexer at the LAB level selects two of the six LAB
row clocks to feed the LE registers within the LAB.
Figure 23. Global Clock Network Multiplexers
Column I/O Region
IO_CLK]5..0]
LAB Row Clock [5..0]
Row I/O Region
IO_CLK[5..0]
Global Clocks [3..0]
Dual-Purpose Clocks [7..0]
PLL Outputs [3..0]
Core Logic [7..0]
Global Clock
Network
Clock [7..0]
IOE clocks have row and column block regions. Six of the eight global
clock resources feed to these row and column regions. Figure 24 shows the
I/O clock regions.
36Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 24. I/O Clock Regions
Column I/O Clock Region
IO_CLK[5..0]
6
Cyclone Logic Array
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
6
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
6
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
6
6
Global Clock
Network
8
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
LAB Row Clocks
labclk[5..0]
I/O Clock Regions
6
6
Row
I/O Regions
6
I/O Clock Regions
Column I/O Clock Region
IO_CLK[5..0]
PLLs
Cyclone PLLs provide general-purpose clocking with clock multiplication
and phase shifting as well as outputs for differential I/O support. Cyclone
devices contain two PLLs, except for the EP1C3 device, which contains
one PLL.
Altera Corporation 37
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Table 9 shows the PLL features in Cyclone devices. Figure 25 shows a
Cyclone PLL.
Table 9. Cyclone PLL Features
FeaturePLL Support
Clock multiplication and div isio nm/(n × post-scale counter) (1)
Phase shiftDown to 156-ps increments (2), (3)
Programmable duty cycleYes
Number of internal clock outp uts2
Number of external clock output sOne differential or one single-ende d (4)
Notes to Table 9:
(1) The m counter ranges from 2 to 32. The n counter and the post-scale counters range
from 1 to 32.
(2) The smallest phase shift is determined by the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
period divided by 8.
(3) For degree increments, Cyclone devices can shift all output frequencies in
increments of 45°. Smaller degree increments are possible depending on the
frequency and divide parameters.
(4) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package does not support external clock
output. The EP1C6 device in the 144-pin TQFP package does not support external
clock output from PLL2.
Figure 25. Cyclone PLLNote (1)
VCO Phase Selection
Selectable at Each PLL
Output Port
Post-Scale
Counters
CLK0 or
LVDSCLK1p
CLK1 or
LVDSCLK1n
(2)
∆t
÷
n
(2)
PFD
Charge
(3)
Pump
∆t
÷
Loop
Filter
m
VCO
÷g0
÷g1
÷e
Global clock
Global clock
I/O buffer
Notes to Figure 25:
(1) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package does not support external outputs or LVDS inputs. The EP1C6
device in the 144-pin TQFP package does not support external output from PLL2.
(2) LVDS input is supported via the secondary function of the dedicated clock pins. For PLL 1, the CLK0 pin’s
secondary function is LVDSCLK1p and the CLK1 pin’s secondary function is LVDSCLK1n. For PLL 2, the CLK2 pin’s
secondary function is LVDSCLK2p and the CLK3 pin’s secondary function is LVDSCLK2n.
(3) PFD: phase frequency detector.
Figure 26 shows the PLL global clock connections.
38Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
)
Figure 26. Cyclone PLL Global Clock Connections
G1G3
G0G2
G5G7
G4G6
CLK1
PLL1_OUT
CLK0
(3), (4)
g0
g1
(1)
PLL1PLL2
e
g0
g1
e
CLK2
CLK3
(2)
PLL2_OUT
(3), (4
Notes to Figure 26:
(1) PLL 1 supports one single-ended or LVDS input via pins CLK0 and CLK1.
(2) PLL2 supports one single-ended or LVDS input via pins CLK2 and CLK3.
(3) PLL1_OUT and PLL2_OUT support single-ended or LVDS output. If external output is not required, these pins are
available as regular user I/O pins.
(4) The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package does not support external clock output. The EP1C6 device in the
144-pin TQFP package does not support external clock output from PLL2.
Altera Corporation 39
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Table 10 shows the global clock network sources available in Cyclone
devices.
Table 10. Global Clock Network Sources
SourceGCLK0GCLK1GCLK2GCLK3GCLK4GCLK5GCLK6GCLK7
PLL Counter
Output
Dedicated
Clock Input
Pins
Dual-Purpose
Clock Pi n s
Notes to Table 10:
(1) EP1C3 devices only have one PLL (PLL 1).
(2) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not have dedicated clock pins CLK1 and CLK3.
(3) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not have the DPCLK0, DPCLK1, or DPCLK5 pins.
Cyclone PLLs provide clock synthesis for PLL output ports using
m/(n × post scale counter) scaling factors. The input clock is divided by a
pre-scale divider, n, and is then multiplied by the m feedback factor. The
control loop drives the VCO to match f
× (m/n). Each output port has a
IN
unique post-scale counter to divide down the high-frequency VCO. For
multiple PLL outputs with different frequencies, the VCO is set to the
least-common multiple of the output frequencies that meets its frequency
specifications. Then, the post-scale dividers scale down the output
frequency for each output port. For example, if the output frequencies
required from one PLL are 33 and 66 MHz, the VCO is set to 330 MHz (the
least-common multiple in the VCO’s range).
40Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Each PLL has one pre-scale divider, n, that can range in value from 1 to 32.
Each PLL also has one multiply divider, m, that can range in value from 2
to 32. Global clock outputs have two post scale G dividers for global clock
outputs, and external clock outputs have an E divider for external clock
output, both ranging from 1 to 32. The Quartus II software automatically
chooses the appropriate scaling factors according to the input frequency,
multiplication, and division values entered.
External Clock Inputs
Each PLL supports single-ended or differential inputs for sourcesynchronous receivers or for general-purpose use. The dedicated clock
pins (CLK[3..0]) feed the PLL inputs. These dual-purpose pins can also
act as LVDS input pins. See Figure 25.
Table 11 shows the I/O standards supported by PLL input and output
pins.
Table 11. PLL I/O Standards
I/O StandardCLK InputEXTCLK Output
3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
1.5-V LVCMOS
3.3-V PCI
LVDS
SSTL-2 class I
SSTL-2 class II
SSTL-3 class I
SSTL-3 class II
Differential SSTL-2
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
v
For more information on LVDS I/O support, see “LVDS I/O Pins” on
page 59.
External Clock Outputs
Each PLL supports one differential or one single-ended output for sourcesynchronous transmitters or for general-purpose external clocks. If the
PLL does not use these PLL_OUT pins, the pins are available for use as
general-purpose I/O pins. The PLL_OUT pins support all I/O standards
shown in Table 11.
Altera Corporation 41
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
The external clock outputs do not have their own VCC and ground voltage
supplies. Therefore, to minimize jitter, do not place switching I/O pins
next to these output pins. The EP1C3 device in the 100-pin TQFP package
does not have dedicated clock output pins. The EP1C6 device in the
144-pin TQFP package only supports dedicated clock outputs from PLL 1.
Clock Feedback
Cyclone PLLs have three modes for multiplication and/or phase shifting:
■Zero delay buffer modeThe external clock output pin is phase-
aligned with the clock input pin for zero delay.
■Normal modeIf the design uses an internal PLL clock output, the
normal mode compensates for the internal clock delay from the input
clock pin to the IOE registers. The external clock output pin is phase
shifted with respect to the clock input pin if connected in this mode.
The designer defines which internal clock output from the PLL
should be phase-aligned to compensate for internal clock delay.
■No compensation modeIn this mode, the PLL will not compensate
for any clock networks.
Phase Shifting
Cyclone PLLs have an advanced clock shift capability that enables
programmable phase shifts. Designers can enter a phase shift (in degrees
or time units) for each PLL clock output port or for all outputs together in
one shift. Designers can perform phase shifting in time units with a
resolution range of 156 to 417 ps. The finest resolution equals one eighth
of the VCO period. The VCO period is a function of the frequency input
and the multiplication and division factors. Each clock output counter can
choose a different phase of the VCO period from up to eight taps.
Designers can use this clock output counter along with an initial setting
on the post-scale counter to achieve a phase-shift range for the entire
period of the output clock. The phase tap feedback to the m counter can
shift all outputs to a single phase. The Quartus II software automatically
sets the phase taps and counter settings according to the phase shift
entered.
Lock Detect Signal
The lock output indicates that there is a stable clock output signal in phase
with the reference clock. Without any additional circuitry, the lock signal
may toggle as the PLL begins tracking the reference clock. Therefore, the
designer may need to gate the lock signal for use as a system-control
signal.
42Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Programmable Duty Cycle
The programmable duty cycle allows PLLs to generate clock outputs with
a variable duty cycle. This feature is supported on each PLL post-scale
counter (g0, g1, e). The duty cycle setting is achieved by a low- and hightime count setting for the post-scale dividers. The Quartus II software uses
the frequency input and the required multiply or divide rate to determine
the duty cycle choices.
Control Signals
There are three control signals for clearing and enabling PLLs and their
outputs. The designer can use these signals to control PLL
resynchronization and the ability to gate PLL output clocks for low-power
applications.
The pllenable signal enables and disables PLLs. When the pllenable
signal is low, the clock output ports are driven by ground and all the PLLs
go out of lock. When the pllenable signal goes high again, the PLLs
relock and resynchronize to the input clocks. An input pin or LE output
can drive the pllenable signal.
The areset signals are reset/resynchronization inputs for each PLL.
Cyclone devices can drive these input signals from input pins or from LEs.
When areset is driven high, the PLL counters will reset, clearing the PLL
output and placing the PLL out of lock. When driven low again, the PLL
will resynchronize to its input as it relocks.
The pfdena signals control the phase frequency detector (PFD) output
with a programmable gate. If you disable the PFD, the VCO will operate
at its last set value of control voltage and frequency with some drift, and
the system will continue running when the PLL goes out of lock or the
input clock disables. By maintaining the last locked frequency, the system
has time to store its current settings before shutting down. The designer
can either use their own control signal or gated locked status signals to
trigger the pfdena signal.
f
Altera Corporation 43
For more information on Cyclone PLLs, see AN 251: Using PLLs in Cyclone
Devices.
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
I/O Structure
IOEs support many features, including:
■Differential and single-ended I/O standards
■3.3-V, 32-bit, 66-MHz PCI compliance
■Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundary-scan test (BST) support
■Output drive strength control
■Weak pull-up resistors during configuration
■Slew-rate control
■Tri-state buffers
■Bus-hold circuitry
■Programmable pull-up resistors in user mode
■Programmable input and output delays
■Open-drain outputs
■DQ and DQS I/O pins
Cyclone device IOEs contain a bidirectional I/O buffer and three registers
for complete embedded bidirectional single data rate transfer. Figure 27
shows the Cyclone IOE structure. The IOE contains one input register, one
output register, and one output enable register. The designer can use the
input registers for fast setup times and output registers for fast clock-tooutput times. Additionally, the designer can use the output enable (OE)
register for fast clock-to-output enable timing. The Quartus II software
automatically duplicates a single OE register that controls multiple output
or bidirectional pins. IOEs can be used as input, output, or bidirectional
pins.
44Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 27. Cyclone IOE Structure
Logic Array
OE Register
OE
Output
DQ
Output Register
DQ
Combinatorial
input
(1)
Input
Input Register
DQ
Note to Figure 27:
(1) There are two paths available for combinatorial inputs to the logic array. Each path
contains a unique programmable delay chain.
The IOEs are located in I/O blocks around the periphery of the Cyclone
device. There are up to three IOEs per row I/O block and up to three IOEs
per column I/O block (column I/O blocks span two columns). The row
I/O blocks drive row, column, or direct link interconnects. The column
I/O blocks drive column interconnects. Figure 28 shows how a row I/O
block connects to the logic array. Figure 29 shows how a column I/O
block connects to the logic array.
Altera Corporation 45
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Figure 28. Row I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect
R4 Interconnects
LAB Local
Interconnect
LAB
Direct Link
Interconnect
to Adjacent LAB
C4 Interconnects
io_datain[2..0] and
comb_io_datain[2..0]
Direct Link
Interconnect
from Adjacent LAB
I/O Block Local
Interconnect
(2)
21
io_clk[5:0]
21 Data and
Control Signals
from Logic Array (1)
Row
I/O Block
Row I/O Block
Contains up to
Three IOEs
Notes to Figure 28:
(1) The 21 data and control signals consist of three data out lines, io_dataout[2..0], three output enables,
io_coe[2..0], three input clock enables, io_cce_in[2..0], three output clock enables, io_cce_out[2..0],
three clocks, io_cclk[2..0], three asynchronous clear signals, io_caclr[2..0], and three synchronous clear
signals, io_csclr[2..0].
(2) Each of the three IOEs in the row I/O block can have one io_datain input (combinatorial or registered) and one
comb_io_datain (combinatorial) input.
46Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 29. Column I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect
Column I/O
Block Contains
up to Three IOEs
io_clk[5..0]
Control Signals
from Logic Array (1)
I/O Block
Local Interconnect
R4 Interconnects
21 Data &
21
comb_io_datain[2..0]
Column I/O Block
IO_datain[2:0] &
(2)
LABLABLAB
LAB Local
Interconnect
C4 Interconnects
Notes to Figure 29:
(1) The 21 data and control signals consist of three data out lines, io_dataout[2..0], three output enables,
io_coe[2..0], three input clock enables, io_cce_in[2..0], three output clock enables, io_cce_out[2..0],
three clocks, io_cclk[2..0], three asynchronous clear signals, io_caclr[2..0], and three synchronous clear
signals, io_csclr[2..0].
(2) Each of the three IOEs in the column I/O block can have one io_datain input (combinatorial or registered) and
one comb_io_datain (combinatorial) input.
Altera Corporation 47
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
The pin’s datain signals can drive the logic array. The logic array drives
the control and data signals, providing a flexible routing resource. The
row or column IOE clocks, io_clk[5..0], provide a dedicated routing
resource for low-skew, high-speed clocks. The global clock network
generates the IOE clocks that feed the row or column I/O regions (see
illustrates the signal paths through the I/O block.
Figure 30. Signal Path through the I/O Block
Row or Column
io_clk[5..0]
To Other
IOEs
To Logic
Array
From Logic
Array
io_datain
comb_io_datain
io_csclr
io_coe
io_cce_in
io_cce_out
io_caclr
io_cclk
io_dataout
oe
ce_in
ce_out
Data and
Control
Signal
Selection
aclr/preset
sclr
clk_in
clk_out
dataout
IOE
Each IOE contains its own control signal selection for the following
control signals: oe, ce_in, ce_out, aclr/preset, sclr/preset, clk_in, and clk_out. Figure 31 illustrates the control signal selection.
48Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 31. Control Signal Selection per IOE
Dedicated I/O
Clock [5..0]
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
io_coe
io_csclr
io_caclr
io_cce_out
io_cce_in
io_cclk
clk_out
ce_inclk_in
ce_out
sclr/preset
aclr/preset
In normal bidirectional operation, the designer can use the input register
for input data requiring fast setup times. The input register can have its
own clock input and clock enable separate from the OE and output
registers. The output register can be used for data requiring fast clock-tooutput performance. The OE register is available for fast clock-to-output
enable timing. The OE and output register share the same clock source
and the same clock enable source from the local interconnect in the
associated LAB, dedicated I/O clocks, or the column and row
interconnects. Figure 32 shows the IOE in bidirectional configuration.
oe
Altera Corporation 49
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
e
Figure 32. Cyclone IOE in Bidirectional I/O Configuration
ioe_clk[5..0]
Column or Row
Interconect
OE
OE Register
PRN
comb_datain
data_in
clkout
ce_out
aclr/prn
Chip-Wide Reset
sclr/preset
clkin
ce_in
DQ
ENA
CLRN
Output Register
PRN
DQ
ENA
CLRN
Input Register
PRN
DQ
ENA
CLRN
Output
Pin Delay
Drive Strength Control
Open-Drain Output
Slew Control
Input Register Delay
Input Pin to
Logic Array Delay
Input Pin to
or Input Pin to
Logic Array Delay
V
CCIO
V
CCIO
Optional
PCI Clamp
Programmabl
Pull-Up
Resistor
Bus Hold
The Cyclone device IOE includes programmable delays to ensure zero
hold times, minimize setup times, or increase clock to output times.
50Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
A path in which a pin directly drives a register may require a
programmable delay to ensure zero hold time, whereas a path in which a
pin drives a register through combinatorial logic may not require the
delay. Programmable delays decrease input-pin-to-logic-array and IOE
input register delays. The Quartus II Compiler can program these delays
to automatically minimize setup time while providing a zero hold time.
Programmable delays can increase the register-to-pin delays for output
registers. Table 12 shows the programmable delays for Cyclone devices.
Table 12. Cyclone Programmable Delay Chain
Programmable DelaysQuartus II Logic Option
Input pin to logic array delayDecrease input delay to internal cells
Input pin to input register dela yDecrease input delay to inp ut regis ter s
Output pin delayIncrease delay to output pin
There are two paths in the IOE for a combinatorial input to reach the logic
array. Each of the two paths can have a different delay. This allows the
designer to adjust delays from the pin to internal LE registers that reside
in two different areas of the device. The designer sets the two
combinatorial input delays by selecting different delays for two different
paths under the Decrease input delay to internal cells logic option in the
Quartus II software. When the input signal requires two different delays
for the combinatorial input, the input register in the IOE is no longer
available.
The IOE registers in Cyclone devices share the same source for clear or
preset. The designer can program preset or clear for each individual IOE.
The designer can also program the registers to power up high or low after
configuration is complete. If programmed to power up low, an
asynchronous clear can control the registers. If programmed to power up
high, an asynchronous preset can control the registers. This feature
prevents the inadvertent activation of another device’s active-low input
upon power up. If one register in an IOE uses a preset or clear signal then
all registers in the IOE must use that same signal if they require preset or
clear. Additionally a synchronous reset signal is available to the designer
for the IOE registers.
External RAM Interfacing
Cyclone devices support DDR SDRAM and FCRAM interfaces at up to
133 MHz through dedicated circuitry.
Altera Corporation 51
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
DDR SDRAM & FCRAM
Cyclone devices have dedicated circuitry for interfacing with DDR
SDRAM. All I/O banks support DDR SDRAM and FCRAM I/O pins.
However, the configuration input pins in bank 1 must operate at 2.5 V
because the SSTL-2 V
output pins (nSTATUS and CONF_DONE) and all the JTAG pins in I/O
bank 3 must operate at 2.5 V because the V
I/O banks 1, 2, 3, and 4 support DQS signals with DQ bus modes of ×8.
For ×8 mode, there are up to eight groups of programmable DQS and DQ
pins, I/O banks 1, 2, 3, and 4 each have two groups in the 324-pin and
400-pin FineLine BGA packages. Each group consists of one DQS pin, a set
of eight DQ pins, and one DM pin (see Figure 33). Each DQS pin drives the
set of eight DQ pins within that group.
Figure 33. Cyclone Device DQ & DQS Groups in ×8 ModeNote (1)
Top, Bottom, Left, or Right I/O Bank
level is 2.5 V. Additionally, the configuration
CCIO
level of SSTL-2 is 2.5 V.
CCIO
DQ PinsDQS PinDM Pin
Note to Figure 33:
(1) Each DQ group consists of one DQS pin, eight DQ pins, and one DM pin.
52Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 13 shows the number of DQ pin groups per device.
Table 13. DQ Pin Groups
DevicePackageNumber of ×8 DQ
Pin Groups
EP1C3100-pin TQFP (1)324
144-pin TQFP432
EP1C4324-pin FineLine BGA864
400-pin FineLine BGA864
EP1C6144-pin TQFP432
240-pin PQFP432
256-pin FineLine BGA432
EP1C12240-pin PQFP432
256-pin FineLine BGA432
324-pin FineLine BGA864
EP1C20324-pin FineLine BGA864
400-pin FineLine BGA864
Note to Table 13:
(1) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not have any DQ pin groups in I/O
bank 1.
Total DQ Pin
Count
A programmable delay chain on each DQS pin allows for either a 90°
phase shift (for DDR SDRAM), or a 72° phase shift (for FCRAM) which
automatically center-aligns input DQS synchronization signals within the
data window of their corresponding DQ data signals. The phase-shifted
DQS signals drive the global clock network. This global DQS signal clocks
DQ signals on internal LE registers.
These DQS delay elements combine with the PLL’s clocking and phase
shift ability to provide a complete hardware solution for interfacing to
high-speed memory.
The clock phase shift allows the PLL to clock the DQ output enable and
output paths. The designer should use the following guidelines to meet
133 MHz performance for DDR SDRAM and FCRAM interfaces:
■The DQS signal must be in the middle of the DQ group it clocks
■Resynchronize the incoming data to the logic array clock using
successive LE registers or FIFO buffers
■LE registers must be placed in the LAB adjacent to the DQ I/O pin
column it is fed by
Altera Corporation 53
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Figure 34 illustrates DDR SDRAM and FCRAM interfacing from the I/O
through the dedicated circuitry to the logic array.
Figure 34. DDR SDRAM & FCRAM Interfacing
DQS
OE LE
PLL
OE
Register
OE LE
Register
Phase Shifted -90
OE
Output LE
Register
V
CC
clk
Output LE
Register
GND
Programmable
Delay Chain
˚
t
∆
OE LE
Register
OE LE
Register
Global Clock
DataA
DataB
Output LE
Registers
Output LE
Registers
-90˚ clk
DQ
Input LE
Registers
Input LE
Registers
LE
Register
Adjacent
LAB LEs
LE
Register
Resynchronizing
Adjacent LAB LEs
Global Clock
54Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Programmable Drive Strength
The output buffer for each Cyclone device I/O pin has a programmable
drive strength control for certain I/O standards. The LVTTL and
LVCMOS standards have several levels of drive strength that the designer
can control. SSTL-3 class I and II, and SSTL-2 class I and II support a
minimum setting, the lowest drive strength that guarantees the I
of the standard. Using minimum settings provides signal slew rate control
to reduce system noise and signal overshoot. Table 14 shows the possible
settings for the I/O standards with drive strength control.
Table 14. Programmable Drive Strength
OH/IOL
I/O StandardI
LVTTL (3.3 V)4
LVCMOS (3.3 V)2
LVTTL (2.5 V)2
LVTTL (1.8 V)2
LVCMOS (1.5 V)2
Current Strength Setting (mA)
OH/IOL
Open-Drain Output
8
12
16
24
4
8
12
8
12
16
8
12
4
8
Cyclone devices provide an optional open-drain (equivalent to an opencollector) output for each I/O pin. This open-drain output enables the
device to provide system-level control signals (e.g., interrupt and writeenable signals) that can be asserted by any of several devices.
Altera Corporation 55
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Slew-Rate Control
The output buffer for each Cyclone device I/O pin has a programmable
output slew-rate control that can be configured for low noise or highspeed performance. A faster slew rate provides high-speed transitions for
high-performance systems. However, these fast transitions may introduce
noise transients into the system. A slow slew rate reduces system noise,
but adds a nominal delay to rising and falling edges. Each I/O pin has an
individual slew-rate control, allowing the designer to specify the slew rate
on a pin-by-pin basis. The slew-rate control affects both the rising and
falling edges.
Bus Hold
Each Cyclone device I/O pin provides an optional bus-hold feature. The
bus-hold circuitry can hold the signal on an I/O pin at its last-driven state.
Since the bus-hold feature holds the last-driven state of the pin until the
next input signal is present, an external pull-up or pull-down resistor is
not necessary to hold a signal level when the bus is tri-stated.
The bus-hold circuitry also pulls undriven pins away from the input
threshold voltage where noise can cause unintended high-frequency
switching. The designer can select this feature individually for each I/O
pin. The bus-hold output will drive no higher than V
overdriving signals. If the bus-hold feature is enabled, the device cannot
use the programmable pull-up option. Disable the bus-hold feature when
the I/O pin is configured for differential signals.
to prevent
CCIO
The bus-hold circuitry uses a resistor with a nominal resistance (RBH) of
approximately 7 kΩ to pull the signal level to the last-driven state.
Table 37 on page 72 gives the specific sustaining current for each V
CCIO
voltage level driven through this resistor and overdrive current used to
identify the next-driven input level.
The bus-hold circuitry is only active after configuration. When going into
user mode, the bus-hold circuit captures the value on the pin present at
the end of configuration.
Programmable Pull-Up Resistor
Each Cyclone device I/O pin provides an optional programmable pull-up
resistor during user mode. If the designer enables this feature for an I/O
pin, the pull-up resistor (typically 25 kΩ) holds the output to the V
level of the output pin’s bank.
56Altera Corporation
CCIO
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Advanced I/O Standard Support
Cyclone device IOEs support the following I/O standards:
■3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■1.5-V LVCMOS
■3.3-V PCI
■LVDS
■SSTL-2 class I and II
■SSTL-3 class I and II
■Differential SSTL-2 class II (on output clocks only)
Table 15 describes the I/O standards supported by Cyclone devices.
Table 15. Cyclone I/O Standards
) (V)
Output Supply
Voltage (V
CCIO
)
I/O StandardTypeInput Reference
Voltage (V
REF
(V)
3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOSSingle-endedN/A3.3N/A
2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOSSingle-endedN/A2.5N/A
1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOSSingle-endedN/A1.8N/A
1.5-V LVCMOSSingle-endedN/A1.5N/A
3.3-V PCI (1)Single-endedN/A3.3N/A
LVDS (2)DifferentialN/A2.5N/A
SSTL-2 class I and IIVoltage-referenced1.252.51.25
SSTL-3 class I and IIVoltage-referenced1.53.31.5
Differential SSTL-2 (3)Differential1.252.51.25
Notes to Table 15:
(1) EP1C3 devices do not support PCI.
(2) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not support the LVDS I/O standard.
(3) This I/O standard is only available on output clock pins (PLL_OUT pins).
Board
Termination
Voltage (V
Cyclone devices contain four I/O banks, as shown in Figure 35. I/O banks
1 and 3 support all the I/O standards listed in Table 15. I/O banks 2 and
4 support all the I/O standards listed in Table 15 except the 3.3-V PCI
standard. I/O banks 2 and 4 contain dual-purpose DQS, DQ, and DM pins
to support a DDR SDRAM or FCRAM interface. I/O bank 1 can also
support a DDR SDRAM or FCRAM interface, however, the configuration
input pins in I/O bank 1 must operate at 2.5 V. I/O bank 3 can also
support a DDR SDRAM or FCRAM interface, however, all the JTAG pins
in I/O bank 3 must operate at 2.5 V.
TT
) (V)
Altera Corporation 57
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
s
Figure 35. Cyclone I/O BanksNotes (1), (2)
I/O Bank 2
I/O Bank 1
Also Supports
the 3.3-V PCI
I/O Standard
I/O Bank 1
All I/O Banks Support
■
3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■
2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■
1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
■
1.5-V LVCMOS
■
LVDS
■
SSTL-2 Class I and II
■
SSTL-3 Class I and II
I/O Bank 4
Individual
Power Bus
I/O Bank 3
Also Support
the 3.3-V PCI
I/O Standard
I/O Bank 3
Notes to Figure 35:
(1) Figure 35 is a top view of the silicon die.
(2) Figure 35 is a graphic representation only. Refer to the pin list and the Quartus II software for exact pin locations.
Each I/O bank has its own VCCIO pins. A single device can support 1.5-V,
1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V interfaces; each individual bank can support a
different standard with different I/O voltages. Each bank also has dualpurpose VREF pins to support any one of the voltage-referenced
standards (e.g., SSTL-3) independently. If an I/O bank does not use
voltage-referenced standards, the V
pins are available as user I/O pins.
REF
Each I/O bank can support multiple standards with the same V
input and output pins. For example, when V
is 3.3 V, a bank can
CCIO
CCIO
for
support LVTTL, LVCMOS, 3.3-V PCI, and SSTL-3 for inputs and outputs.
58Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
LVDS I/O Pins
A subset of pins in all four I/O banks supports LVDS interfacing. These
dual-purpose LVDS pins require an external-resistor network at the
transmitter channels in addition to 100-Ω termination resistors on receiver
channels. These pins do not contain dedicated serialization or
deserialization circuitry; therefore, internal logic performs serialization
and deserialization functions.
Table 16 shows the total number of supported LVDS channels per device
density.
Table 16. Cyclone Device LVDS Channels
DevicePin CountNumber of LVDS Channels
EP1C3100(1)
14434
EP1C4324103
400129
EP1C614429
24072
25672
EP1C1224066
25672
324103
EP1C2032495
400129
Note to Table 16:
(1) EP1C3 devices in the 100-pin TQFP package do not support the LVDS I/O
standard.
MultiVolt I/O Interface
The Cyclone architecture supports the MultiVolt I/O interface feature,
which allows Cyclone devices in all packages to interface with systems of
different supply voltages. The devices have one set of V
internal operation and input buffers (V
output drivers (V
Altera Corporation 59
CCIO
).
), and four sets for I/O
CCINT
pins for
CC
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
The Cyclone V
supply. If the V
and 3.3-V tolerant. The V
pins must always be connected to a 1.5-V power
CCINT
level is 1.5 V, then input pins are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V,
CCINT
pins can be connected to either a 1.5-V,
CCIO
1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V power supply, depending on the output
requirements. The output levels are compatible with systems of the same
voltage as the power supply (i.e., when V
pins are connected to a
CCIO
1.5-V power supply, the output levels are compatible with 1.5-V systems).
When V
pins are connected to a 3.3-V power supply, the output high
CCIO
is 3.3 V and is compatible with 3.3-V or 5.0-V systems. Table 17
summarizes Cyclone MultiVolt I/O support.
(1) The PCI clamping diode must be disabled to drive an input with voltages higher than V
(2) When V
(3) When V
(4) When V
(5) When V
(6) Cyclone devices can be 5.0-V tolerant with the use of an external resistor and the internal PCI clamp diode.
(7) When V
(8) When V
CCIO
CCIO
CCIO
than expected.
CCIO
CCIO
CCIO
vvv (2) v (2)v
(3)v
vvv
vv
= 1.5 V and a 2.5- or 3.3-V input signal feeds an input pin, higher pin leakage current is expected.
= 1.8 V, a Cyclone device can drive a 1.5-V device with 1.8-V tolerant inputs.
= 3.3 V and a 2.5-V input signal feeds an input pin, the V
= 2.5 V, a Cyclone device can drive a 1.5-V or 1.8-V device with 2.5-V tolerant inputs.
= 3.3 V, a Cyclone device can drive a 1.5-V, 1.8-V, or 2.5-V device with 3.3-V tolerant inputs.
= 3.3 V, a Cyclone device can drive a device with 5.0-V LVTTL inputs but not 5.0-V LVCMOS inputs.
v
(5) v(5)v
v
.
CCIO
supply current will be slightly larger
CCIO
Power
Sequencing &
Hot Socketing
Because Cyclone devices can be used in a mixed-voltage environment,
they have been designed specifically to tolerate any possible power-up
sequence. Therefore, the V
CCIO
and V
power supplies may be
CCINT
powered in any order.
Signals can be driven into Cyclone devices before and during power up
without damaging the device. In addition, Cyclone devices do not drive
out during power up. Once operating conditions are reached and the
device is configured, Cyclone devices operate as specified by the user.
IEEE Std.
1149.1 (JTAG)
Boundary Scan
Support
60Altera Corporation
All Cyclone devices provide JTAG BST circuitry that complies with the
IEEE Std. 1149.1a-1990 specification. JTAG boundary-scan testing can be
performed either before or after, but not during configuration. Cyclone
devices can also use the JTAG port for configuration together with either
the Quartus II software or hardware using either Jam Files (.jam) or Jam
Byte-Code Files (.jbc).
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Cyclone devices support reconfiguring the I/O standard settings on the
IOE through the JTAG BST chain. The JTAG chain can update the I/O
standard for all input and output pins any time before or during user
mode. Designers can use this ability for JTAG testing before configuration
when some of the Cyclone pins drive or receive from other devices on the
board using voltage-referenced standards. Since the Cyclone device might
not be configured before JTAG testing, the I/O pins might not be
configured for appropriate electrical standards for chip-to-chip
communication. Programming those I/O standards via JTAG allows
designers to fully test I/O connection to other devices.
The JTAG pins support 1.5-V/1.8-V or 2.5-V/3.3-V I/O standards. The
TDO pin voltage is determined by the V
The bank V
selects whether the JTAG inputs are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or
CCIO
of the bank where it resides.
CCIO
3.3-V compatible.
Cyclone devices also use the JTAG port to monitor the operation of the
device with the SignalTap
II embedded logic analyzer. Cyclone devices
support the JTAG instructions shown in Table 18.
Altera Corporation 61
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Table 18. Cyclone JTAG Instructions
JTAG InstructionInstruction CodeDescription
SAMPLE/PRELOAD00 0000 0101Allows a snapshot of signals at the device pins to be captured and
examined during normal device operation, and perm its an init ial
data pattern to be output at the dev ice pins . Also used by the
SignalTap II embedd ed logic analyzer.
EXTEST(1)00 0000 0000Allows the external circuitry and board-level interc onnects to be
tested by forcing a test pattern at the output pins and capturing test
results at the input pins.
BYPASS11 1111 1111P lac es the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins,
which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected
devices to adjacent devic es during normal device operation.
USERCODE00 0000 0111Selects the 32-bit USERCODE register and places it between the
TDI and TDO pins, allowing the USERCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO.
IDCODE00 0000 0110Selects the IDCODE register and places it between TDI and TDO,
allowing the IDCODE to be serially sh ifted out of TDO.
HIGHZ (1)00 0000 1011Places the 1-bit bypass regis t er bet w een t he TDI and TDO pins,
which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected
devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation, while
tri-stating all of the I/O pins.
CLAMP(1)00 0000 1010Places the 1-bit bypass regis t er bet w een t he TDI and TDO pins,
which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected
devices to adjacent devic es during normal device operation wh ile
holding I/O pins to a state defined by the data in the boundary-scan
register.
ICR instructionsUsed when configuring a Cyclone device via the JTAG port with a
MasterBlaster
using a Jam File or Jam Byte-Code File via an embedded
processor.
PULSE_NCONFIG00 0000 0001Emulates pulsing the nCONFIG pin low to trigger rec onfiguration
even though the physic al pin is unaf fect ed.
CONFIG_IO00 0000 1101Allows configu rat ion of I/O standards through the JTAG chain f or
JTAG tes ting. Ca n be execu t ed before, after, or during
configuration. Stops configuration if executed during configuration.
Once issued, the CONFIG_IO instruction will hold nSTATUS low to
reset the configuration device. nSTATUS is held low until the device
is reconfigured.
SignalTap II
instructions
Monitors internal device operation with the SignalTap II embedded
logic analyzer.
Note to Table 18:
(1) Bus hold and weak pull-up resistor features override the high-impedance state of HIGHZ, CLAMP, and EXTEST.
TM
or ByteBlasterMVTM download cable, or when
62Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
The Cyclone device instruction register length is 10 bits and the
USERCODE register length is 32 bits. Tables 19 and 20 show the
boundary-scan register length and device IDCODE information for
Cyclone devices.
Table 19. Cyclone Boundary-Scan Register Length
DeviceBoundary-Scan Register Length
EP1C3339
EP1C4930
EP1C6582
EP1C12774
EP1C20930
Table 20. 32-Bit Cyclone Device IDCODE
DeviceIDCODE (32 Bits) (1)
Version (4 Bits)Part Number (16 Bits)Manufacturer Identity
(1) The most significant bit (MSB) is on the left.
(2) The IDCODE’s least significant bit (LSB) is always 1.
Altera Corporation 63
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Figure 36 shows the timing requirements for the JTAG signals.
Figure 36. Cyclone JTAG Waveforms
TMS
TDI
t
JCP
JCH
t
JCL
t
JPSU
t
JPH
t
TCK
t
JPXZ
TDO
Signal
to Be
Captured
Signal
to Be
Driven
t
JPZX
t
JSZX
t
JSSU
t
JPCO
t
JSH
t
JSCO
t
JSXZ
Table 21 shows the JTAG timing parameters and values for Cyclone
devices.
Table 21. Cyclone JTAG Timing Parameters & Values
SymbolParameterMinMax Unit
t
JCP
t
JCH
t
JCL
t
JPSU
t
JPH
t
JPCO
t
JPZX
t
JPXZ
t
JSSU
t
JSH
t
JSCO
t
JSZX
t
JSXZ
TCK clock period 100ns
TCK clock high time50ns
TCK clock low time50ns
JTAG port setup time20ns
JTAG port hold time45ns
JTAG port clock to output25ns
JTAG port high impedance t o val id out put25ns
JTAG port valid output to high im pedance25ns
Capture register setup time20ns
Capture register hold time45ns
Update register clock to output35ns
Update register high impedance to valid output35ns
Update register valid output to high impedance35ns
64Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
f
SignalTap II
Embedded
Logic Analyzer
Configuration
For more information on JTAG, see the following documents:
■Application Note 39 (IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing in
Altera Devices)
■Jam Programming & Test Language Specification
Cyclone devices feature the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer, which
monitors design operation over a period of time through the IEEE
Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) circuitry. A designer can analyze internal logic at speed
without bringing internal signals to the I/O pins. This feature is
particularly important for advanced packages, such as FineLine BGA
packages, because it can be difficult to add a connection to a pin during
the debugging process after a board is designed and manufactured.
The logic, circuitry, and interconnects in the Cyclone architecture are
configured with CMOS SRAM elements. Cyclone devices are
reconfigurable and are 100% tested prior to shipment. As a result, the
designer does not have to generate test vectors for fault coverage
purposes, and can instead focus on simulation and design verification. In
addition, the designer does not need to manage inventories of different
ASIC designs. Cyclone devices can be configured on the board for the
specific functionality required.
Cyclone devices are configured at system power-up with data stored in an
Altera configuration device or provided by a system controller. The
Cyclone device’s optimized interface allows the device to act as controller
in an active serial configuration scheme with the new low-cost serial
configuration device. Cyclone devices can be configured in under 120 ms
using serial data at 20 MHz. The serial configuration device can be
programmed via the ByteBlaster II download cable, the Altera
Programming Unit (APU), or third-party programmers.
In addition to the new low-cost serial configuration device, Altera offers
in-system programmability (ISP)-capable configuration devices that can
configure Cyclone devices via a serial data stream. The interface also
enables microprocessors to treat Cyclone devices as memory and
configure them by writing to a virtual memory location, making
reconfiguration easy. After a Cyclone device has been configured, it can
be reconfigured in-circuit by resetting the device and loading new data.
Real-time changes can be made during system operation, enabling
innovative reconfigurable computing applications.
Altera Corporation 65
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Operating Modes
The Cyclone architecture uses SRAM configuration elements that require
configuration data to be loaded each time the circuit powers up. The
process of physically loading the SRAM data into the device is called
configuration. During initialization, which occurs immediately after
configuration, the device resets registers, enables I/O pins, and begins to
operate as a logic device. Together, the configuration and initialization
processes are called command mode. Normal device operation is called
user mode.
SRAM configuration elements allow Cyclone devices to be reconfigured
in-circuit by loading new configuration data into the device. With realtime reconfiguration, the device is forced into command mode with a
device pin. The configuration process loads different configuration data,
reinitializes the device, and resumes user-mode operation. Designers can
perform in-field upgrades by distributing new configuration files either
within the system or remotely.
A built-in weak pull-up resistor pulls all user I/O pins to V
CCIO
before
and during device configuration.
The configurat ion pins support 1.5-V/1.8-V or 2.5 -V/3.3-V I/O s tandards.
The voltage level of the configuration output pins is determined by the
of the bank where the pins reside. The bank V
V
CCIO
selects whether
CCIO
the configuration inputs are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V compatible.
Configuration Schemes
Designers can load the configuration data for a Cyclone device with one
of three configuration schemes (see Table 22), chosen on the basis of the
target application. Designers can use a configuration device, intelligent
controller, or the JTAG port to configure a Cyclone device. A low-cost
configuration device can automatically configure a Cyclone device at
system power-up.
66Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Multiple Cyclone devices can be configured in any of the three
configuration schemes by connecting the configuration enable (nCE) and
configuration enable output (nCEO) pins on each device.
Table 22. Data Sources for Configuration
Configuration SchemeData Source
Active serialLow-cost serial configurat ion device
Passive serial (PS)Enhanced or EPC2 configuration device,
MasterBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable,
or serial data source
JTAGMas t erBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable
or a microprocessor with a Jam or JB C file
Operating
Conditions
Cyclone devices are offered in both commercial and industrial grades.
However, industrial-grade devices may have limited speed-grade
availability.
Tables 23 through 38 provide information on absolute maximum ratings,
recommended operating conditions, DC operating conditions, and
capacitance for Cyclone devices.
Table 23. Cyclone Device Absolute Maximum RatingsNotes (1), (2)
SymbolParameterConditionsMinimumMaximumUnit
V
CCINT
V
CCIO
V
I
I
OUT
T
STG
T
AMB
T
J
Supply voltageWith respect to ground (3)–0.52.4V
–0.54.6V
DC input voltage–0.54.6V
DC output current, per pin–2525mA
Storage temperatu reNo bias–65150° C
Ambient temperatureUnder bias–65135° C
Junction temperatu reBGA packages under bias135° C
Altera Corporation 67
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
VCC supply current
(standby) (All M4K
blocks in powerdown mode)
Value of I/O pin pullup resistor before
and during
configuration
VI = V
CCIOmax
to 0 V
–1010µA
(7)
VO = V
CCIOmax
to 0 V
–1010 µA
(7)
VI = ground, no load,
10mA
no toggling inputs
V
= 3.0 V (8)2050kΩ
CCIO
= 2.375 V (8)3080kΩ
V
CCIO
= 1.71 V (8)60150kΩ
V
CCIO
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 26. LVTTL Specifications
SymbolParameterConditionsMinimumMaximumUnit
V
V
V
V
V
CCIO
IH
IL
OH
OL
Output supply voltage3.03.6V
High-level input voltage1.74.1V
Low-level input voltage–0.50.7V
High-level output volta geIOH = –4 to –24 mA (9)2.4V
Low-level output volta geIOL = 4 to 24 mA (9)0.45V
High-level output voltageIOH = –16 mA (9)VTT + 0.8V
Low-level output voltageIOL = 16 mA (9)VTT – 0.8V
Table 37. Bus Hold Parameters
ParameterConditionsV
LevelUnit
CCIO
1.5 V1.8 V2.5 V3.3 V
MinMaxMinMaxMinMaxMinMax
Low sustaining
current
High sustaining
current
Low overdrive
current
High overdrive
current
72Altera Corporation
VIN > VIL
(maximum)
< VIH
V
IN
(minimum)
0 V < V
IN
V
CCIO
0 V < V
IN
V
CCIO
<
<
305070µA
–30–50–70µA
200300500µA
–200–300–500µA
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 38. Cyclone Device CapacitanceNote (11)
SymbolParameterTypicalUnit
C
IO
C
LVDS
C
VREF
C
DPCLK
C
CLK
Notes to Tables 23 – 38:
(1) See the Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet.
(2) Conditions beyond those listed in Table 23 may cause permanent damage to a device. Additionally, device
operation at the absolute maximum ratings for extended periods of time may have adverse affects on the device.
(3) Minimum DC input is –0.5 V. During transitions, the inputs may undershoot to –0.5 V or overshoot to 4.6 V for input
currents less than 100 mA and periods shorter than 20 ns.
(4) Maximum V
(5) All pins, including dedicated inputs, clock, I/O, and JTAG pins, may be driven before V
powered.
(6) Typical values are for T
(7) This va lue is specified for normal device operation. The value may va ry during power-up. This applies for all V
settings (3.3, 2.5, 1.8, and 1.5 V).
(8) Pin pull-up resistance values will lower if an external source drives the pin higher than V
(9) Drive strength is programmable according to values in Table 14 on page 55.
(10) The Cyclone LVDS interface requires a resistor network outside of the transmitter channels.
(11) Capacitance is sample-tested only. Capacitance is measured using time-domain reflections (TDR). Measurement
accuracy is within ±0.5 pF.
Input capacitance for use r I/O pin4.0pF
Input capacitance for dual-purpose LVDS/user I/O pin4.7pF
Input capacitance for dual-purpose V
/user I/O pin.12.0pF
REF
Input capacitance for dual-purpose DPCLK/user I/O pin.4.4pF
Input capacitance for CLK pin.4.7pF
rise time is 100 ms, and VCC must rise monotonically.
CC
= 25° C, V
A
= 1.5 V, and V
CCINT
= 1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, and 3.3 V.
CCIO
CCINT
CCIO
and V
.
CCIO
are
CCIO
Power
Detailed power consumption information for Cyclone devices will be
released when available.
Consumption
Timing Model
Altera Corporation 73
The DirectDrive technology and MultiTrack interconnect ensure
predictable performance, accurate simulation, and accurate timing
analysis across all Cyclone device densities and speed grades. This section
describes and specifies the performance, internal, external, and PLL
timing specifications.
All specifications are representative of worst-case supply voltage and
junction temperature conditions.
Preliminary & Final Timing
Timing models can have either preliminary or final status. The Quartus II
software issues an informational message during the design compilation
if the timing models are preliminary. Table 39 shows the status of the
Cyclone device timing models.
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Preliminary status means the timing model is subject to change. Initially,
timing numbers are created using simulation results, process data, and
other known parameters. These tests are used to make the preliminary
numbers as close to the actual timing parameters as possible.
Final timing numbers are based on actual device operation and testing.
These numbers reflect the actual performance of the device under worstcase voltage and junction temperature conditions.
Table 39. Cyclone Device Timing Model Status
DevicePreliminaryFinal
EP1C3
EP1C4
EP1C6
EP1C12
EP1C20
v
v
v
v
v
Internal Timing Parameters
Internal timing parameters are specified on a speed grade basis
independent of device density. Tables 40 through 43 describe the Cyclone
device internal timing microparameters for LEs, IOEs, M4K memory
structures, and MultiTrack interconnects.
Table 40. LE Internal Timing Microparameter Descriptions
SymbolParameter
t
SU
t
H
t
CO
t
LUT
t
CLR
t
PRE
t
CLKHL
74Altera Corporation
LE register setup time before clo ck
LE register hold time after clock
LE register clock-to-output delay
LE combinatorial LUT delay for data-in to data-out
Minimum clear pulse width
Minimum preset pulse width
Minimum clock high or low time
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
IOE input and output regist er se tup time bef ore clock
IOE input and output regist er hold t im e after c loc k
IOE input and output regist er clo ck-t o-output delay
Row input pin to IOE combinat orial output
Column input pin to IOE combinatorial output
Row IOE data input to combin at orial out put pin
Column IOE data input to combinatorial output pin
Minimum clear pulse width
Minimum preset pulse widt h
Minimum clock high or low time
Synchronous read cycle time
Synchronous write cycle time
Write or read enable setup tim e bef ore c loc k
Write or read enable hold time after cl oc k
Byte enable setup time before clock
Byte enable hold time after clock
A port data setup time before clo ck
A port data hold time after clock
A port address setup time before clock
A port address hold time after clock
B port data setup time before clo ck
B port data hold time after clock
B port address setup time before clock
B port address hold time after clock
Clock-to-output delay when using output registers
Clock-to-output dela y wit hout out put regis t ers
Minimum clock high or low time
Minimum clear pulse width
Altera Corporation 75
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Internal timing parameters are specified on a speed grade basis
independent of device density. Tables 44 through 47 show the internal
timing microparameters for LEs, IOEs, TriMatrix memory structures, DSP
blocks, and MultiTrack interconnects.
External timing parameters are specified by device density and speed
grade. Figure 38 shows the timing model for bidirectional IOE pin timing.
All registers are within the IOE.
78Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Figure 38. External Timing in Cyclone Devices
OE Register
PRN
Dedicated
Clock
DQ
CLRN
Output Register
PRN
DQ
CLRN
Input Register
PRN
DQ
CLRN
t
XZ
t
ZX
t
INSU
t
INH
t
OUTCO
Bidirectional
Pin
All external I/O timing parameters shown are for 3.3-V LVTTL I/O
standard with the maximum current strength and fast slew rate. For
external I/O timing using standards other than LVTTL or for different
current strengths, use the I/O standard input and output delay adders in
Tables 59 through 63.
Altera Corporation 79
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Table 48 shows the external I/O timing parameters when using global
(1) These timing parameters are sample-tested only.
(2) These timing parameters are for IOE pins using a 3.3-V LVTTL, 24-mA setting. Designers should use the Quartus II
software to verify the external timing for any pin.
Setup time for input or bidirectional pin using IOE input
register with global clock fed by CLK pin
Hold time for input or bidirectional pin using IOE input
register with global clock fed by CLK pin
Clock-to-output delay output or bidirectional pin using IOE
output register with global cloc k fed by CLK pin
Synchronous column IOE output enable register to output
pin disable delay using global cl ock fe d by CLK pin
Synchronous column IOE output enable register to output
pin enable delay using global clock fed by CLK pin
Setup time for input or bidirectional pin using IOE input
register with global clock fed by Enhanced PLL with default
phase setting
Hold time for input or bidirectional pin using IOE input
register with global clock fed by enhanced PLL with default
phase setting
Clock-to-output delay output or bidirectional pin using IOE
output register with global cloc k en hanc ed PLL with default
phase setting
Synchronous column IOE output enable register to output
pin disable delay using global cl ock fe d by enhanc ed PLL
with default phase setting
Synchronous column IOE output enable register to output
pin enable delay using global clock fed by enhanced PLL
with default phase setting
C
C
C
C
C
C
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
= 10 pF
= 10 pF
= 10 pF
= 10 pF
= 10 pF
= 10 pF
80Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Tables 49 through 50 show the external timing parameters on column and
External I/O delay timing parameters for I/O standard input and output
adders and programmable input and output delays are specified by speed
grade independent of device density.
Altera Corporation 85
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Tables 59 through 64 show the adder delays associated with column and
row I/O pins for all packages. If an I/O standard is selected other than
LVTTL 24 mA with a fast slew rate, add the selected delay to the external
and tSU I/O parameters shown in Tables 44 through 47.
t
CO
Table 59. Cyclone I/O Standard Column Pin Input Delay Adders
1.5-V LVTTL326358391ps
SSTL-3 class I−221−244−266ps
SSTL-3 class II−221−244−266ps
SSTL-2 class I−264−291−317ps
SSTL-2 class II−264−291−317ps
LVDS−197−217−237ps
Table 60. Cyclone I/O Standard Row Pin Input Delay Adders
3.3-V PCI (1)000ps
SSTL-3 class I−221−244−266ps
SSTL-3 class II−221−244−266ps
SSTL-2 class I−264−291−317ps
SSTL-2 class II−264−291−317ps
LVDS−197−217−237ps
86Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 61. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Fast Slew Rate on Column Pins
SSTL-3 class I1,7991,9792,158ps
SSTL-3 class II1,3631,4991,635ps
SSTL-2 class I2,1152,3262,537ps
SSTL-2 class II1,8202,0012,183ps
LVDS1,3301,4631,595ps
Table 64. Cyclone I/O Standard Output Delay Adders for Slow Slew Rate on Row Pins (Part 1 of 2)
SSTL-3 class I1,7991,9792,158ps
SSTL-3 class II1,3631,4991,635ps
SSTL-2 class I2,1152,3262,537ps
SSTL-2 class II1,8202,0012,183ps
LVDS1,3301,4631,595ps
Note to Tables 59− 64:
(1) EP1C3 devices do not support the PCI I/O standard.
Table 65 shows the adder delays for the IOE programmable delays. These
delays are controlled with the Quartus II software options listed in the
Parameter column.
Table 65. Cyclone IOE Programmable Delays on Column Pins
Tables 67 and 68 show the maximum input clock rate for column and row
pins in Cyclone devices.
Table 67. Cyclone Maximum Input Clock Rate for Column Pins
I/O Standard-6 Speed
Grade
LVTTL304304304MHz
2.5 V220220220MHz
1.8 V213213213MHz
1.5 V166166166MHz
LVCMOS304304304MHz
SSTL-3 class I100100100MHz
SSTL-3 class II100100100MHz
SSTL-2 class I134134134MHz
SSTL-2 class II134134134MHz
LVDS231231231MHz
Altera Corporation 91
-7 Speed
Grade
-8 Speed
Grade
Unit
Cyclone FPGA Family Data SheetPreliminary Information
Table 68. Cyclone Maximum Input Clock Rate for Row Pins
I/O Standard-6 Speed
Grade
LVTTL304304304MHz
2.5 V220220220MHz
1.8 V213213213MHz
1.5 V166166166MHz
LVCMOS304304304MHz
SSTL-3 class I100100100MHz
SSTL-3 class II100100100MHz
SSTL-2 class I134134134MHz
SSTL-2 class II134134134MHz
3.3-V PCI (1)666666MHz
LVDS231231231MHz
Note to Tables 67− 68:
(1) EP1C3 devices do not support the PCI I/O standard. These parameters are only
available on row I/O pins.
-7 Speed
Grade
-8 Speed
Grade
Unit
Tables 69 and 70 show the maximum output clock rate for column and
row pins in Cyclone devices.
Table 69. Cyclone Maximum Output Clock Rate for Column Pins
I/O Standard-6 Speed
Grade
LVTTL304304304MHz
2.5 V220220220MHz
1.8 V213213213MHz
1.5 V166166166MHz
LVCMOS304304304MHz
SSTL-3 class I100100100MHz
SSTL-3 class II100100100MHz
SSTL-2 class I134134134MHz
SSTL-2 class II134134134MHz
LVDS231231231MHz
-7 Speed
Grade
-8 Speed
Grade
Unit
92Altera Corporation
Preliminary InformationCyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Table 70. Cyclone Maximum Output Clock Rate for Row Pins
Software
I/O Standard-6 Speed
Grade
LVTTL304304304MHz
2.5 V220220220MHz
1.8 V213213213MHz
1.5 V166166166MHz
LVCMOS304304304MHz
SSTL-3 class I100100100MHz
SSTL-3 class II100100100MHz
SSTL-2 class I134134134MHz
SSTL-2 class II134134134MHz
3.3-V PCI (1)666666MHz
LVDS231231231MHz
Note to Tables 69− 70:
(1) EP1C3 devices do not support the PCI I/O standard. These parameters are only
available on row I/O pins.
Cyclone devices are supported by the Altera Quartus II design software,
which provides a comprehensive environment for system-on-aprogrammable-chip (SOPC) design. The Quartus II software includes
HDL and schematic design entry, compilation and logic synthesis, full
simulation and advanced timing analysis, SignalTap II logic analysis, and
device configuration. See the Design Software Selector Guide for more
details on the Quartus II software features.
-7 Speed
Grade
-8 Speed
Grade
Unit
The Quartus II software supports the Windows 2000/NT/98, Sun Solaris,
Linux Red Hat v7.1 and HP-UX operating systems. It also supports
Device Pin-
seamless integration with industry-leading EDA tools through the
NativeLink
Device pin-outs for Cyclone devices are available on the Altera web site
(http://www.altera.com).
®
interface.
Outs
Ordering
Information
Altera Corporation 93
Figure 39 describes the ordering codes for Cyclone devices. For more
information on a specific package, refer to the Altera Device Package
Information Data Sheet.
®
Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet Preliminary Information
Figure 39. Cyclone Device Packaging Ordering Information
7EP1C20C400FES
Optional SuffixFamily Signature
EP1C: Cyclone
Device Type
3
4
6
12
20
Package Type
T:
Thin quad flat pack (TQFP)
Q:
Plastic quad flat pack (PQFP)
F:
FineLine BGA
Pin Count
Number of pins for a particular package
Indicates specific device options or
shipment method.
Engineering sample
ES:
Speed Grade
6, 7, or 8 , with 6 being the fastest
Operating Temperature
C:I:Commercial temperature (t
Industrial temperature (tJ = -40˚ C to 100˚ C)
= 0˚ C to 85˚ C)
J
Revision
History
101 Innovation Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 544-7000
http://www.altera.com
Applications Hotline:
(800) 800-EPLD
Customer Marketing:
(408) 544-7104
Literature Services:
lit_req@altera.com
The information contained in the Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
version 1.1 supersedes information published in previous versions. The
following changes were made to the Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
version 1.1: